Low insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) signaling is associated with improved longevity, but is paradoxically linked with several age‐related diseases in humans. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 has proven to be particularly beneficial to the brain, where it confers protection against features of neuronal and cognitive decline. While aging is characterized by central insulin resistance in the face of hyperinsulinemia, the somatotropic axis markedly declines in older humans. Thus, we hypothesized that increasing IGF‐1 in the brain may prove to be a novel therapeutic alternative to overcome central insulin resistance and restore whole‐body insulin action in aging. Utilizing hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamps, we show that old insulin‐resistant rats with age‐related declines in IGF‐1 level demonstrate markedly improved whole‐body insulin action, when treated with central IGF‐1, as compared to central vehicle or insulin (P < 0.05). Furthermore, central IGF‐1, but not insulin, suppressed hepatic glucose production and increased glucose disposal rates in aging rats (P < 0.05). Taken together, IGF‐1 action in the brain and periphery provides a 'balance' between its beneficial and detrimental actions. Therefore, we propose that strategies aimed at 'tipping the balance' of IGF‐1 action centrally are the optimal approach to achieve healthy aging and longevity in humans.


An efficient, organocatalytic, and ecofriendly method has been developed for the quick construction of a wide array of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles in good to excellent yields and diastereomeric ratio (up to ≤96:4) with excellent functional group tolerance via an allylic alkylation reaction of cyclic sulfamidate imines with a number of MBH carbonates of isatins in 2-MeTHF as an environmentally benign solvent at room temperature using 5 mol % of DABCO. Furthermore, a metal-free-based one-shot synthesis of a medicinally promising polycyclic spirooxindole with an all-carbon spirocenter has been achieved with outstanding dr value (up to ≤99:1).


It is proved that teaching by practising pattern drills is very effctive in understanding,remembering and applying grammatical rules in the Chinese teaching for students overseas.


Despite multiple benefits of dry direct seeded rice (DDSR), weed control remains one of the major challenges for its success. A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara during rainy season of 2010 and 2011in randomized complete block design with four replications to evaluate effectiveness of different weed management practices; weedy, weed free and other five practices with pre and post-emergence herbicides; Pendimethalin, Pyrazosulfuron, Penoxsulam, Bispyribac, Azimsulfuran, 2,4-D, plus one to two hand weeding on the performance of DDSR. Results showed that plant growth, yield and yield attributing parameters and weed dynamics were significantly affected and the trend of higher production and lower weed dynamic in different growing stage of DDSR was obtained. Among the weed control practices, application of pendimethalin (1 kg.a.i /ha.) followed by (fb) 2,4-D 1 kg a.i./ha at 25 and hand weeding 45 days after sowing was found the best for obtaining higher yield and weed control efficiency in DDSR.


Introduction Nurses, who primarily deal with transfusion of blood components must have a thorough training on the protocols to be followed in transfusion, which is an elaborate process and thus is amenable to errors leading to serious transfusion related injury. In centers lacking adequate manpower, donor recruitment and screening also becomes a part of the nurses' duty. Methods 132 nurses in KMC hospital, Mangalore, India a tertiary care hospital were assessed primarily for knowledge and awareness regarding blood donation. Questionnaire regarding blood donation criteria, transfusion reaction and steps taken to manage such emergency were distributed and the data collected was analyzed descriptively as well as inferentially. Result 120 responders faltered in the awareness of at least one of the parameters. A majority, that is 56.82% were unaware of the age group permitted to donate blood. 29.54% of nursing staff were not aware of blood donation interval of 3 months. 38.63% of nurses were not informed about the minimum weight required for blood donation. 43.93% of the nurses had incomplete knowledge of the donor deferral criteria in the blood bank with respect to certain diseases. Discussion An interventional strategy in the form of repeated short courses with respect to blood banking has to be contemplated because a significant number of nurses faltered in the basic aspects of blood donation (p < 0.0001, in three parameters, p = 0.0007 in one).


Because a metal casing has shielding effect on electromagnetic field and the signals it receives are a sum of signals which are coupled between the metal casing and formation,cross-hole electromagnetic logging has great difficulty in transmitting and receiving signals. In order to improve signal reception,a study was made on the effects of such factors as emission current,frequency,formation conductivity,and the distance between wells on signal reception by using Comsol software. Two 4-meter-long casings were simulated and the simulation results show that the signals the signal-receiving casing receives decrease with the increase of the frequency of the current applied to the signal-transmitting casing,the increase of the distance between casings, and the increase of formation conductivity,but increase monotonically with the increase of signal-transmitting current.


The creepage of alkaline electrolytes along negatively polarized electrodes was studied experimentally and theoretically. One driving force for this phenomenon is the production of OH/sup -/ ions arising from the electrochemical reduction of oxygen and/or the evolution of hydrogen occurring in a thin reaction zone above the observed electrolyte meniscus. Movement of water into this zone causes it to thicken and increase in conductivity with the result that the reaction zone moves along the electrode. 15 figures.


Possible use of pangasiid hybrids in aquaculture might generate potential impacts on wild populations. Therefore, rapid identification tools in the field such as growth rate are urgently needed. This study examines morphological characters and growth performance of P. djambal and P. hypophthalmus and their reciprocal hybrids. A detailed morphological study analysed 32 morphometric measurements and 5 meristic counts on hybrids of Pangasius djambal and P. hypophthalmus . Morphometric analysis and meristic counts showed that the reciprocal hybrids have intermediate characters except for gill rakers number which were lower than that of parental species. In general, the hybrids have tendency to be like P. hypophthalmus rather than P. djambal . The only typical character P. djambal appearing in hybrids is teeth shape, both vomerine and palatine. It was shown that the true hybrids have seven pelvic fin rays. Eight months of growth comparison in earthen ponds showed that the hybrids have a better performance for specific growth rate than the parental stock.


Motivation Automatic cell type identification in scRNA-seq datasets is an essential method to alleviate a key bottleneck in scRNA-seq data analysis. While most existing tools show good sensitivity and specificity in classifying cell types, they often fail to adequately not-classify cells that are not present in the used reference. Results scClassifR is a novel R package that provides a complete framework to automatically classify cells in scRNA-seq datasets. It supports both Seurat and Bioconductor's SingleCellExperiment and is thereby compatible with the vast majority of R-based analysis workflows. scClassifR uses hierarchically organised SVMs to distinguish a specific cell type versus all others. It shows comparable or even superior sensitivity and specificity compared to existing tools while being robust in not-classifying unknown cell types. As a unique feature, it reports ambiguous cell assignments, including the respective probabilities. Finally, scClassifR provides dedicated functions to train and evaluate classifiers for additional cell types. Availability and Implementation scClassifR is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/grisslab/scClassifR).


We have used the Pockels effect in ZnTe to demonstrate that the frequency and the phase of Quantum Cascade Lasers emitting at 2.4 and 2.7 Terahertz can be actively stabilized to the n-th harmonic of the 90 MHz repetition rate of a commercial, mode-locked Er-doped fiber-laser. The beating between the stabilized QCL frequency and the harmonic of the repetition rate yielded a signal-to-noise ratio >; 80dB in 1 Hz bandwidth (limited by the resolution of our spectrum analyzer). The technique demonstrated is inherently broadband, in the sense that it allows to directly stabilize any QCL source provided that its frequency is within the spectral bandwidth of the fs-laser (~5 THz).


Squamate reptiles rely heavily on visual and chemical cues to detect their prey, so we expected yellow-spotted goannas (Varanus panoptes) which are predators of sea turtle nests on mainland beaches in northern Australia would use these cues to find sea turtle nests. Ghost crabs (Ocypode ceratophthalmus and Ocypode cordimanus) are also common on Australian sea turtle nesting beaches and frequently burrow into sea turtle nests. However, the potential for ghost crab burrowing activity at sea turtle nests to signal the location of a nest to goannas has not been investigated. Here, we used camera traps and presence of tracks at nests to record goanna activity around selected nests during the incubation period and 10 days after hatchling turtles emerged from their nests. We also recorded the number of ghost crab burrows around nests to evaluate ghost crab activity. Our results indicated that nest discovery by goannas was independent of nest age, but that the nest visitation rate of goannas and crabs increased significantly after a nest had been opened by a goanna or after hatchlings had emerged from the nest. There was no apparent connection between ghost crab burrows into a nest and the likelihood of that nest being predated by goannas.


The rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of random, alternating, and three block of polyether sulfone/polyetherethersulfone copolymers are compared. These copolymers have similar molecular weights and chemical composition (phenyl:ether:sulfone = 7:4:3). Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis results indicate that all copolymers possess extremely close glass transition temperature. On this basis, it is interesting to find that the alternating copolymer exhibits the melt viscosity of 281 Pa·s, which is much lower than those of random copolymer (1641 Pa·s). For block copolymers, the gradual increase with the preceding length increases in melt viscosity. In addition, the stress–strain test curves of copolymers were investigated, which revealed that sequence distribution has important influence on the tensile strengths and elongations at break. All these can be highly related to their different sequence distribution. These results obtained were discussed and interpreted.


Considering the importance of organizational health in companies and institutes, the present study set to investigate the internal factors affecting organizational health through prioritizing these effects using a medical approach to financial issues. The study specifically aims to examine the relationships of sales/service system, cost system of products/services, financing system, human resources system and information and technology system with organizational health. The study was conducted on the branches of Iran's Cooperative Development Bank in 2012. In terms of objectives, the study was an applied research that adopted a descriptivecorrelational method. The data was collected through field study using a number of 348 questionnaires administered to the same number of bank officers whose number was calculated via Cochran formula. The scale was on a 5-point Likert scale. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated to be 0.79 using Cronbach alpha formula. Onesample t-test was used to analyze the participants' responses to the questionnaire items and multiple regression test was used to examine the research hypotheses. The results showed a positive correlation of sales/service systems, cost system, information and technology system, financing and human resources with organizational health. From among the variables, human resources system was found to exert the most marked effect on organizational health.


The hot deformation behaviors of Cu-0. 8Cr-0. 3Zr-0. 03 P alloy were investigated at 650-950 ℃ and strain rate range of 0. 001-10s- 1through hot compression tests on a Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulater. The constitutive equations and hot deformation activation energy Q were obtained according to the test data of true stress-strain curves. Based on dynamic materials model,the processing maps for the alloy obtained at strains of 0. 3 and 0. 5 were used to predict the region of deformation instability and deformation mechanism. The results show that the power dissipation factor η increases with the increasing of the temperature,the deformation mechanism transforms from dynamic recovery to dynamic recrystallization. The optimum processing parameters of hot deformation in the range of this experiment can also be attained by the maps,in which the hot temperature is 730-875 ℃ and the strain rate is 0. 1-1 s- 1.


The effect of a steady azimuthal magnetic field on rotating magnetic field current drive is studied. The configuration considered consists of an infinitely long plasma column with a finite radius conductor, which carries a steady longitudinal current, running along its axis. The ions are assumed to be fixed and the electrons are described using an Ohm's law that contains the Hall term. A fully two-dimensional computer code is developed to solve the resulting time-dependent equations. For some values of the steady azimuthal field, two steady-state solutions with different efficiencies are found.


Air-sea exchange of mercury (Hg) is a critical part of the global Hg cycle as it determines the response time of the biosphere to changes in mercury inputs. The cycling of Hg between the ocean and atmosphere is complex, principally because of the enhanced oxidation of elemental Hg (Hg, and the formation of reactive gaseous Hg (RGHg), in the marine boundary layer. We estimate that the dry deposition of RGHg to the ocean, which has not been previously considered in global budgets, is 35% of the total Hg input to the ocean. A further re-evaluation of the global Hg cycle suggests that there is a net transfer of Hg from the terrestrial environment to the ocean and that the deep ocean Hg concentration is increasing. Similarly, anthropogenic inputs on land have increased Hg in the Earth's surface layer with accumulation in the terrestrial environment accounting for nearly 80% of the net input from man's activities. Ultimately, because of the relatively short residence time of RGHg in the atmosphere, it is the oxidation of Hg 0 over the ocean, rather than RGHg transport from terrestrial sources, that is primarily contributing to oceanic RGHg deposition.


In this paper, criteria for strong limit point case of the semi-degenerate discrete Hamiltonian system are established. Furthermore, using M(λ) theory and spectral theory of self-adjoint operator in Hilbert space, we give the estimations of the number of eigenvalues below the lower bound of the minimal operator.


The paper considers issues related to the development of the inventory of sites for construction of new NPP units in Ukraine as one the priority measures to fulfil the Energy Strategy of Ukraine till 2030. There are stages of the document development and the list of possible potential sites. The approval of the document submitted in 2013 for the consideration of the Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine will make it possible to reduce sufficiently costs for the development of feasibility study for the construction of new NPP units and to reserve territories for them.


The circuit for processing the edge detection in real time with simple hardware includes a circuit for calculating the average value of the pixel data centering around the input pixel in 3 X 3 window, a converter for converting the pixel data to the tri-state value with the calculated average and the preset threshold values, a matching circuit for calculating the inner product of the tri-state value and the normalized edge pattern, and a discriminator for determining the input pixel as the edge if the tri-state value is the same as one of the edge patterns.


Ethanol and nicotine are two common substances that are often linked to complications in alcoholic smokers. The high number of the co-consumptions in alcoholic smokers suggested a possible interaction between ethanol and nicotine in the central nervous system and a potential similar mechanism of action. Both ethanol and nicotine are shown to bind with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), a ligand gated cation channel specifically targeted by the endogenous acetylcholine. Ethanol has a much less specific binding capability to modulate the receptors, however, emerging reports indicates that ethanol can interact with nAChRs both directly and indirectly. This study focuses on the analysis of ethanol binding sites with nAChRs using molecular docking techniques obtained from the Protein Data Bank. The obtained data showed a possible binding site for ethanol in nAChRs, however, upon validation, result is not substantial. Nevertheless, the obtained data should be useful for future reference for the basis of ethanol interactions with the human nAChRs proteins.


Objective To investigate the low-field magnetic resonance MRCP of the clinical application and diagnostic value.Methods The use of 0.2T low-field magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in 85 cases with pancreas and bile duct diseases and all patients were examined by MRCP,analyzed imaging and evaluated low field magnetic resonance for MRCP examination.Results 85 cases of pancreas and bile duct diseases were confirmed by a scan imaging and it were met the basic requirements to the diagnosis.Conclusion Low-field magnetic resonance examination for MRCP is non-invasive,safe and simple,the causes and site of obstruction can be accurately displayed by MR cholangiopancreatography.


In this paper we detail nearly 40 years of scientific work and land manage ment in and around Tumbling Creek Cave, Missouri. Tumbling Creek Cave is a famous educational and research cave on a rural property called the "Ozark Underground Laboratory." Tumbling Creek Cave has the highest cave biodiversity west of the Mississippi River, with about 112 species, including 12 troglobites and three endangered species: gray bats, Indiana bats and Tumbling Creek cavesnail. The cavesnail began declining in the 1990s, which prompted more intensive work towards land restoration and recovery of cavesnails and gray bats. The gray bat population has increased again, but the cavesnail will require more time and effort to recover. Land and cave remediation work have taught us many lessons that should be useful to others who manage large caves with rich resources.


This particular Areas Overlooked Download PDF start with Introduction, Brief Session till theIndex/Glossary page, look at the table of content for additional information, when presented. It's going to focus on mostly about the above subject together with additional information associated with it. Based on our directory, the following eBook is listed as MFWMDFAUS-PDF13-10, actually published on Mon Jun 13 2016 21:52:35 GMT-0400 (EDT) and this take about 58018 KB data sizing.


Background:
 Little information exists on clinical characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) following a major bleeding event in clinical practice.

 Methods:
 We used data from a large, national outpatient registry, ORBIT-AF (2010 – 2011), to evaluate event characteristics and oral anticoagulation (OAC) management following a major bleeding event. Major bleeds were defined according to ISTH criteria. We compared baseline characteristics among patients who persisted on OAC therapy at the first clinic visit following a major bleed and those in whom OAC was discontinued using chi-squared tests.

 Results:
 Of 10135 patients enrolled in ORBIT-AF, n=791 (7.8%) bleeding events occurred during 2 years of follow-up. Among patients who were receiving OA, n=632 (3.5 per 100 person years) experienced a major bleed. Of these, 67.3% experienced a fall in hemoglobin and 46.8% required transfusion of 2 of more units of red blood cells. Critical site bleeding occurred in 150 OAC patients, with the majority of these classified as intracranial bleeding (n= 89), followed by retroperitoneal (n=25) and intraocular (n=17). Fatal bleeds occurred in 37 patients (5.9% of all major bleeds). Nearly one-third of patients (31.0%) discontinued OAC therapy following the major bleeding event. Compared with those who persisted on OAC, patients who discontinued OAC were more likely to have hypertension and CKD. Those who discontinued OAC were more likely to have gastrointestinal or CNS site bleeding compared with those who persisted (Table).

 Conclusions:
 One in three patients who experienced a major bleed were no longer optimally anticoagulated after the event. Those who discontinued OAC had a greater comorbidity burden and more likely to have bleeding in a critical site those who persisted on OAC.


The multipath effect is the primary interference factor among the underwater communication systems. Underwater acoustic channels are characterized as time-variant dispersive channels. Multipath propagation results in spreading of the transmitted signal in time, which leads to serious Signal amplitude attenuation and inter symbol interference (ISI). Here we describes a signal processing approach identified as "power cepstrum technique," which has been found is efficient in recognizing wavelet arrival times and amplitudes, even in the present of noise. Thereby, a special signal, which has a short duration as well as a high power, is designed to detect the multipath effect of the channel.


: In the previous decade, numerous endeavors have been made to tackle the ELD issue, and different sorts of requirements or targets have been joined through different scientific arranging and optimization systems. Customary techniques incorporate the Newton-Raphson strategy, the Lambda iterative technique, the Base Point and Partitionation Factor strategies, the Gradient strategy, and so forth. Be that as it may, these exemplary scheduling algorithms require gradual cost bends to be monotonically expanding or fragment by-section direct. Considering the profoundly nonlinear nature of the component requires a very strong algorithm to abstain from adhering to neighborhood ideal. Since the issue is non-direct, procedures dependent on established analytics can't take care of these kinds of issues. The objective of the research paper is to design and simulate quantum computing based modified particle swarm optimization for multi objective emission and economic dispatch problem. The algorithm has been tested on multiple test systems with valve point loading cost function as well. Results have been compared with contemporary research and found to be efficient in comparative assessment on same test system. Modified QPSO technique is successfully implemented to solve multiobjective CEED problem. Here, CEED is represented using cubic criterion function. Unit wise max/max price penalty factor is considered to convert both objectives into a single objective. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of QPSO in solving this multiobjective problem by achieving reliable, robust and suitable solutions with fast convergence characteristics. The obtained results are compared with other well-known methods like Lagrangian relaxation, PSO and SA which demonstrate QPSO's superiority over these methods to solve the CEED problem. Small numbers of generating units have been considered in this research due to the unavailability of data for large power generation systems.


Abstract A sensitive and selective HPLC assay with fluorescence detection was developed for the analysis of terfenadine and its acid metabolite in human plasma. The compounds were isolated from plasma by liquid extraction with methyl-t-butyl ether:isopropyl alcohol (95:5% v/v). The chromatographic separation was carried on cyanopropylsilane column (15 cm × 4,6 mm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.001 M acetate buffer, pH 4.0 : acetonitrile (25:75% v/v). The eluent was monitored at 230 nm excitation and 300 nm emission wavelengths with a 270 nm cut-off filter. The range of quantification was 2 to 1000 ng/ml for terfenadine and 5 to 1000 ng/ml for acid metabolite, respectively. The assay showed linearity over the range of quantification (r2 > 0.998). This method has been applied to the analysis of human plasma samples.


In a prospective comparison of patients with open vs. MIS fusion, Kim et al. demonstrated significantly higher levels of serum markers of muscle injury (creatinine kinase and aldolase) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL8) in the open fusion cohort [9]. In another study, creatinine kinase levels were found to be lowest when percutaneous pedicle screws were used in combination with anterior rather than posterior interbody fusion [11]. Fan et al. demonstrated that the increase in creatinine kinase correlated with greater multifidus muscle edema and atrophy levels after open fusion compared to MIS fusion [10]. Consistent with these findings, Stevens et al. demonstrated that the maximum intramuscular pressure was significantly less after the use of minimally invasive retractors compared to open retractors and that less muscle edema and injury was visible on 6-month postoperative MRI in MIS fusions compared to open fusions [8].


With the continuous improvement of machine learning methods, building the interatomic machine learning potential (MLP) based on the datasets from quantum mechanics calculations has become an effective technical approach to improving the accuracy of classical molecular dynamics simulation. The Spectral Neighbor Analysis Potential (SNAP) is one of the most commonly used machine learning potentials. It uses the bispectrum to encode the local environment of each atom in the lattice. The hyperparameter jmax controls the mapping complexity and precision between the local environment and the bispectrum descriptor. As the hyperparameter jmax increases, the description will become more accurate, but the number of parameters in the bispectrum descriptor will increase dramatically, increasing the computational complexity. In order to reduce the computational complexity without losing the computational accuracy, this paper proposes a two-level ensemble feature selection method (EFS) for a bispectrum descriptor, combining the perturbation method and the feature selector ensemble strategy. Based on the proposed method, the feature subset is selected from the original dataset of the bispectrum descriptor for building the dimension-reduced MLP. As a method application and validation, the data of Fe, Ni, Cu, Li, Mo, Si, and Ge metal elements are used to train the linear regression model based on SNAP for predicting these metals' atomic energies and forces them to evaluate the performance of the feature subsets. The experimental results show that, compared to the features of SNAP and qSNAP, the training complexity improvement of our EFS method on the qSNAP feature is more effective than SNAP. Compared with the existing methods, when the feature subset size is 0.7 times that of the original features, the proposed EFS method based on the SSWRP ensemble strategy can achieve the best performance in terms of stability, achieving an average stability of 0.94 across all datasets. The training complexity of the linear regression model is reduced by about half, and the prediction complexity is reduced by about 30%.


Objective To investigate the clinical value in increased eosinophil assess prognosis of patients with advanced lung cancer. Methods The clinical datas of 756 patients with lung cancer from January 2010 to November 2011 in Baoji municipal central hospital were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 121 cases were divided into increased eosinophil lung cancer group(increased group) and 635 cases were in normal eosinophil lung cancer group(normal group),according to eosinophil level. Statistical analysis was made on the index such as the clinical staging,the pathological types of lung cancer,one year survival rate and karnofsky performance status(KPS) score of survival in patients with lung cancer after one year. Results In the Ⅳ clinical stage of lung cancer,the proportion of the increased group was obviously higher than that of normal group,the difference was statistically significant(P 0. 01). In the Ⅲ stage,the proportion of the normal group was higher than that of the increased group,the difference was statistically significant(0. 01 P 0. 05),but the increased group in the advanced stage(Ⅲ + Ⅳ) compared with the normal group,there was not statistically significant difference. Compared with the different pathological types of lung cancer between the two groups,there was not statistically significant difference. After one year follow-up,one year survival rate and KPS of survival of the increased group in the advanced stage(Ⅲ + Ⅳ) were higher than that of normal group,the difference was statistically significant(P 0. 01). Conclusion The increased eosinophil may be a good symbol in assessing prognosis of advanced lung cancer.


A mechanistic description of nutrient depletion of the soil volume around a root involves the solution of a cylindrical diffusion-convection type differential equation with a non-linear influx condition at the root surface and a no-transfer or competition condition centred between two roots. As conventional numerical and analytical solution methods are complex and inflexible, approximations such as the steady-state method are invaluable in this area. Because of its simplicity, the steady-state approach to nutrient uptake by root systems is well suited to large plant simulation models. Here, we present an approximation of the Michaelis-Menten function specifically for this approach, which is frequently used to quantify influx kinetics. When this linearization is used in uptake calculations along with the steady-state method, no iterations per time step are required and analytical solutions for total nutrient uptake of non-growing root systems can be found. A simulation study with an exact transient solution showed that the uncertainties with the steady-state approach were greater than those caused by the described approximation scheme. Despite this, because of its adaptability and simplicity, the steady-state approach is attractive for the representation of the tremendous heterogeneity of root-soil systems.


This paper describes the value and meaning of semi-worsted spinning,and points out that semi-worsted spinning is a kind of new spinning technology between the worsted spinning and woolen spinning.The combination of the semi-worsted spinning and the solospun spinning is a craft innovation,which could make the yarn more wearable and powerful,improves its equality,lessens the filoplume and increases the extension of fiber processing and output of yarn,as well as the efficiency of spinning.


Slope instability has become one of the three major global geological disasters. The stability of dam slope of hydropower station is a key part of the direct impact of hydropower station engineering. Aiming at the actual situation of the complex geological conditions and more excavation steps for a hydropower engineering dam area,combining the results of investigation of rock mass structure and structure statistics of structural planes,the rock mass in range of the dam site area is divided into two zones,analysis shows that,there are unfavorable combination blocks affected by combination of structural plane in the left abutment,and the main failure modes of the left abutment slope are given. By means of three-dimensional finite element method,the calculation model is established,and the stability of side slope of the left dam abutment of a hydropower project is analyzed. Obtaining deformation law and stress distribution characteristic of slope excavation during unloading and supporting. Failure characteristics and position of slope are given. The results show that,the slope stability is well below the altitude of 790 m in the lower part of the left abutment slope,while the slope of relatively weak stability is mainly located in the altitude from 805 m to 842 m in the upper part of the slope. There are much failure modes such as tension failure,shear failure and tension and shear failure near the slope of the corresponding part during slope stepped excavation,but the damage distribution depth is generally in the range of 2. 0 m. In order to have the definite quantitative basis of the design of excavation slope ratio,bolt and shotcrete and rock bolt support and the overall stability of the left abutment slope after the completion of stepped excavation,and grasp the potential instability trend macroscopically,the strength reduction coefficient method is used. The integral stability coefficient of slope and the failure mode of slope are given. Based on these results,treatment schemes of the slope are proposed. Practical application shows that the analysis results and reinforcement design scheme are reasonable and effective for slope engineering stability.


Venous insufficiency is one of the most common causes of chronic wounds. Venous ulcers account for about 75% of all leg ulcers, and 50% of venous leg ulcers require long-term treatment lasting for more than 1 year. The most common location of venous ulcers is the lower third of the leg, as it is the site of strongest venous pressure; less often there are multiple venous ulcers that tend to be localized on both lower legs. In addition to the negative impact on the quality of life, such as immobility, pain and social isolation, which significantly affect the course and length of treatment, we cannot ignore the high costs of long-term and often uncertain treatment, which poses a major health, social and economic problem in the world and in our country.


Thin-film installations with different heating surface orientations are widely used in seawater technology. Despite the presence of various thermal schemes and the construction of evaporating devices for installations of this type, comparisons of their power output are not available. We have carried out a comparison of the thermal schemes of MSF and thin-film installations in order to determine the latter's effectiveness. We analysed the intensification of heat transfer by thin-film installations with seawater moving along the heating surface in the form of vertical film descending and ascending two-phase flow and horizontal film flow. Analysis was carried out on basis of many of our own researches and data received by other authors.


The effect of two different estrogen/gestagen regimens and 24R,25‐(OH)2‐cholecalciferol on bone formation was studied in a randomized trial with 144 healthy postmenopausal women. Urinary excretion (UE) of 99m‐technetium‐diphosphonate and serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) was determined before and then once a year for 2 years of treatment. Both estimates of bone formation showed highly significant decreases (p < .001) to normal premenopausal levels in women receiving unopposed 17β‐estradiol or in a sequential combination with progestagen, whereas unchanged high values were found in the groups receiving 24R,25‐(OH)2D3 and placebo. The data show that bone turnover increases in early postmenopausal women concomitantly with the loss of bone mass, and that hormonal substitutional therapy normalizes the total skeletal turnover as well as preventing bone loss.


Regional structural cross-sections based on seismic, borehole and surface data portray the foothills geometry of the Tierra del Fuego fold-thrust belt. Andean contraction was accommodated by two main deformation mechanisms: 1) A lower duplex thrust system that involves mainly Cretaceous deposits, with floor and roof thrusts at the base of the Cretaceous and close to the base of the Cenozoic, respectively; and 2) A series of detachment and faulted detachment anticlines in the Cenozoic, detached in mudstones above the roof thrust of the underlying duplex thrust system. Less common structures include fault bend and fault propagation folds. Basement fault reactivation is only locally important, with most Jurassic grabens and half-grabens preserved without inversion. Shortening along the foothills is modest, with values ranging from ∼8 to 4.6 kilometers. This region of the fold-thrust belt has hydrocarbon exploration interest; however, it is largely underexplored. Several large anticlines preserving Cenozoic clastic rocks have not been tested to date. The key risk for these structures is the charge, as the thick mudstone package forming their detachment isolates potential Cenozoic reservoirs from the Lower Cretaceous source rocks. Duplex thrust systems at depth may constitute a potential exploration play, provided brittle intervals were naturally fractured.


At the Colegio de Postgraduados, in Mexico, cold-tolerant parental
lines of sorghum hybrids (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) have been
developed. These lines are adapted to regions located at an altitude
of 2200 m, and when they are sown at lower altitudes, they
present early flowering and high pollen fertility. These two
characteristics could help to reduce the damage caused by the
Claviceps africana Frederickson, Mantle & de Milliano fungus,
responsible of the ergot, cornezuelo, or sugary disease. In Celaya,
Guanajuato, Mexico (1560 m altitude), an experiment was
established in order to evaluate days to flower, panicle length,
flowering period, number of tillers, and seed yield, (seed number
and size) of three male-sterile A lines, inoculated with the pathogen
at flowering, and pollinated at different times. An incomplete
block design with split plots treatments arrangement with four
replications, was used. The treatments in main plots were the
lines (A LIVA X -cold-tolerant-, ATx 630, and ATx 631), and in
the split plots, seven times of pollination (one row per time).
Before flowering, the main panicle of 10 fully competitive plants
per row was covered. At the flowering onset, the panicles were
uncovered and sprayed with 5 mL of a 1×104 conidia mL−1,
suspension, and covered again....


A sufficient condition for a general nonlinear stochastic system to have L2−L∞ gain less than or equal to a prescribed positive number is established in terms of a certain Hamilton–Jacobi inequality (HJI). Based on this criterion, the existence of an L2−L∞ filter is given by a second‐order nonlinear HJI, and the filter matrices can be obtained by solving such an HJI.


Many animals exhibit alternative forms of reproductive behavior, the expression of which depends on individual condition or status. For instance, male smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu that are large early in life often build a nest and spawn for the first time at a young age and small body size, while males that are small early in life delay reproduction, invest in growth and spawn when they are older and larger, tactics referred to as α and β, respectively. The observation that larger males also tend to spawn earlier within a season led to a hypothesis that birthdate – more specifically, dispersal date – may control which tactic is adopted. Here, we examined the individual growth and reproductive histories of 184 male M. dolomieu of three cohorts for evidence of a birthdate effect on early life condition and the subsequent expression of tactics, namely whether a long first-year growth period tends to induce the α tactic and whether variability in the timing of reproduction by parents within a season contributes to body size differences in progeny at the end of their first-year growth period. The extent to which male condition early in life influences the expression of tactics was also evaluated. Evidence of a birthdate effect on progeny condition and subsequent tactic choice was observed for only one of the three cohorts and, in another cohort, tactic choice and individual condition were largely unrelated. The seasonal variability in birthdates and growth histories suggest that a broad range of swim-up dates may be necessary to generate differences in condition early in life that are sufficiently large to control future reproductive decisions. Potential impacts of various physical, environmental and biotic factors that may mediate the seasonal timing of reproduction by parents or individual growth early in life are discussed.


On June 21, 2011, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) charged the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) with a number of NCAA legislation violations, including "not adequately and consistently monitor[ing] social networking activity that visibly illustrated potential amateurism violations within the football program[.]" While the NCAA's bylaws regarding member institution conduct indirectly impacts social media oversight, the NCAA's lack of a social media monitoring policy creates uncertainty as to how member institutions should deal with potential violations of a non-existing policy. Coupled with concerns about their public image, tort liability, and their student-athletes' safety, NCAA member institutions must develop a social media monitoring policy that does not infringe on constitutional free speech rights or more specific social media privacy laws. Ultimately, monitoring publicly available social media might be the safest and the best way to protect the institutions' interests without violating their student-athletes' legal rights. Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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BACKGROUND: In recent years, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair has become one of the elective techniques, attributing the advantages of minimally invasive procedures to it. However, the high costs related to the need for hospitalization and materials make them a limitation at the time of its indication. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the feasibility of performing this procedure in an outpatient surgery center and the cost analysis of an outpatient procedure regarding the same in the setting of hospitalization. Retrospective cohort study of feasibility and minimization cost. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out on a prospective database in which all patients were included in those who underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty on an outpatient basis between August 2015 and June 2018. Feasibility is expressed as the percentage of patients who were referred from the outpatient surgery unit. A cost minimization study was conducted taking the average cost of performing an ambulatory procedure versus the same procedure requiring a day of hospitalization. This work has been reported in line with the CHEERS criteria. RESULTS: 116 patients were operated as outpatients, of which 109 were men (93.96%). The median age was 56.5 years (RIQ 19). 102 patients (87.93%) were operated on due to bilateral inguinal hernia, and 14 of them (12.07%) due to recurrent unilateral hernia, adding a total of 218 inguinal hernioplasties. The mean operative time in bilateral interventions was 112 minutes (DS 24) and in the unilateral recurrences it was 79 minutes (DS 13). 114 patients were discharged from the outpatient unit with 98.3% feasibility. The average postoperative stay was 2.53 h (DS 1). The average cost of ambulatory inguinal hernioplasty was $17725.1 vs $27297.3 in hospitalization. The same implies a cost reduction of 35%. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty is a feasible and safe technique to perform on an outpatient basis. It provides a significant reduction in the costs of the procedure.


Non-destructive ultrasonic testing has attained popularity due to its robustness and cost-effectiveness in monitoring the structural health and performance evaluation of pavements, thus replacing traditional methods. This paper presents the application of an explicit finite element method for the modeling of ultrasonic wave propagation through asphalt concrete. Prior to modeling, non-destructive ultrasonic testing was conducted on four different types of asphalt concrete (AC-13, SMA-13, AC-20, and AM-20). Based on acoustic information (wave velocity) obtained in non-destructive testing (NDT) and density, the dynamic moduli of these asphalt concretes were evaluated and used in numerical modeling of ultrasonic wave propagation using the commercial software package ABAQUS. The ultrasonic wave results obtained by numerical modeling were compared with experimental results. This comparison showed a good fit between the finite element (FE) results and the experimental results and confirmed a good FE approach for ultrasonic wave propagation. In addition, the influence of varying dynamic moduli, density, varying location, and crack size/depth on ultrasonic wave propagation was analyzed.


A series of laser crystals Nd:LuxGd1−xVO4 (x=0.14,0.32,0.50,0.61,0.70,0.80) was grown by the Czochralski method. The thermal properties, including the average linear thermal expansion coefficients, thermal diffusion coefficients, specific heats, and thermal conductivities, of the mixed crystals were obtained. The material constants Ms for the thermal stress resistance figure were calculated and showed that the thermal fracture limits of the mixed crystals should be comparable with that of Nd:YVO4. The polarization absorption spectra from 240to1000nm were measured at room temperature and the absorption cross sections at 809nm were calculated. Using the Judd-Ofelt theory, the theoretical radiative lifetimes were calculated and compared with the experimental results. Continuous wave laser performances were achieved with the mixed crystals at the wavelength of 1.06μm when they were pumped by a laser diode. Thermal, optical, and laser properties have shown variation as a function of x and proved that the mixed...


Screening of rice genotypes for submergence tolerance in vivo and in vitro condition for tolerant and susceptible genotypes was carried out. Important factor linked to flash flooding tolerant, showed higher survival because of their shorter stature and may not elongate much and continued growth when fully or partially submerged because of the sub1 mediated suppression of elongation. However, rather than increasing submergence tolerance, seedling vigour was more beneficial when post transplant growth was not limited by nutrient are other stresses. During the stress period it was observed that the enhancement of shoot elongation during submergence in water that is too deep to permit re-emergence by small seedlings represents a futile escape strategy that takes place at the expense of existing dry matter in circumstances where underwater photosynthetic carbon fixation is negligible. Consequently, it compromises survival or recovery growth once flood water levels recede and plants are re-exposed to the aerial environment. Tolerance is greater in cultivars where acceleration of elongation caused by submergence is minimal.


Food is central to individual and community well-being and represents a nexus for exploring community development. A community development framework is particularly relevant for exploring food cooperatives' role, helping investigate ties and norms binding individuals and organizations, providing insight into cooperative development and cooperative management relations, and influencing economic self-sufficiency. Food cooperatives motivate the participation of many as a locus where efforts are combined in an egalitarian and democratic fashion. This provides for both food security and community and economic development. City Market in Burlington, Vermont is examined as a case to illustrate how cooperative development aligns with community development, and how relations between these two areas influence economic self-sufficiency. The article explains how cooperative development, at least in the case of a food cooperative, aligns with community development providing an example of economic self-help, because it's about collective efforts expanding community members' access to healthy, affordable food.


In the traditional English teaching,neither the teachers nor the students pay attention to the language knowledge beyond the texts.Consequently,the large amount of time and effort that the students spend on their English learning cannot produce good results.Based on the view of SLA,the causative factors for this situation are multiple.Learners should first of all get themselves accustomed to the learning strategy they have chosen,and then,try to get as much success as possible with their own efforts.


Despite years of experience and development, youth work in the UK remains a profession that is misunderstood, under-appreciated and lacks recognition. There has always been uncertainty around the professional definition or articulation of the role of a youth worker. Not only is there a societal lack of understanding about the role but there is also an intrinsic lack of ability to explain the role by those actually undertaking it. Often when social landscapes shift, so too do our attitudes and values, suggesting that perhaps we must acknowledge that the role of the youth worker might also change. Questions need to be asked as to whether Youth and Community Work can make effective enough shifts to survive or whether rebranding and repackaging is required.


Elevated arginase (ARG) activity contributes to vascular endothelial dysfunction (ED) by decreasing L‐arginine availability to NOS and NO production and increasing reactive oxygen species. We previously showed elevated ARG activity/expression is involved in diabetic coronary ED in rats and in impaired NO production in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) exposed to high glucose. Angiotensin II (AngII) also contributes to progression of vascular complications in diabetes and other cardiovascular diseases. We have shown that exposing BAECs to AngII (0.1 μM, 24 hrs) elevates ARG activity/expression and decreases NO production; pretreatment with BEC, an ARG inhibitor, prevents these effects. These AngII effects are also prevented by simvastatin or RhoA kinase inhibitor Y‐27632 pretreatment, indicating ARG activation occurs via the RhoA pathway. Other studies indicate RhoA as a central upstream regulator of MAP kinase activity. We have found that AngII elevates active RhoA levels and phosphorylates p38 MAPK in a time and dose dependent manner. To further examine ARG activation pathways downstream of RhoA, we pretreated cells with p38 inhibitor SB202190 (5 μM). This treatment prevents AngII‐induced increased ARG activity/expression and maintains NO production. Together, these results strongly suggest AngII increases ARG activity/expression via activation of RhoA/MAPK pathways. Support: NHBL70215


Snake venom is a complex mixture of proteins and peptides secreted by venomous snakes from their poison glands. Although proteomics for snake venom composition, interspecific differences, and developmental evolution has been developed for a decade, current diagnosis or identification techniques of snake venom in clinical intoxication and forensic science applications are mainly dependent on morphological and immunoassay. It could be expected that the proteomics techniques directly offer great help. This work applied a bottom‐up proteomics method to identify proteins' types and species attribution in suspected snake venom samples using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole‐electrostatic field Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometric technique, and cytotoxicity assay was amended to provide a direct evidence of toxicity. Toward the suspicious samples seized in the security control, sample pretreatment (in‐sol and in‐gel digestion) and data acquisition (nontargeted and targeted screening) modes complemented and validated each other. We have implemented two consequent approaches in identifying the species source of proteins in the samples via the points of venom proteomics and strict forensic identification. First, we completed a workflow consisting of a proteomics database match toward an entire SWISS‐PROT (date 2018‐11‐22) database and a result‐directed specific taxonomy database. The latter was a helpful hint to compare master protein kinds and reveal the insufficiency of specific venom proteomics characterization rules. Second, we suggested strict rules for protein identification to meet the requirements of forensic science on improved identification correctness, that is, (1) peptide spectrum matches confidence, peptide confidence, and protein confidence were both high (with the false‐discovery ratio less than 1%); (2) the number of unique peptides was more than or equal to two in one protein, and (3) within unique peptides, which at least 75% of the ∆m/z of the matched y and b ions were less than 5 ppm. We identified these samples as cobra venom containing 10 highly abundant proteins (P00597, P82463, P60770, Q9YGI4, P62375, P49123, P80245, P60302, P01442, and P60304) from two snake venom protein families (acid phospholipase A2 and three‐finger toxins), and the most abundant proteins were cytotoxins.


Ergo Engineering Solutions was retained by the Linamar corporation to design a solution for the ergonomic issues on the C9 OP70 line. After background research and critical evaluation of preliminary designs, it was concluded that a motor-assisted arc device was best suited to solve the problem. An electric motor is used to flip the engine block in a manner similar to the current method. The device can be stopped to allow gauging during the flipping, as well as keeping the block accessible.


The Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system at the CMS Detector has been operating successfully since the beginning of data taking. The high instantaneous luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) provides an extremely high flux of ionizing particles. The long period of operation (Run-I and Run-II) under large radiation background conditions, gives the opportunity to study the operational capability of the RPCs and also to predict a data-driven extrapolation of measured parameters like currents and integrated charged. Those results will be compared to the relevant results obtained from the dedicated R&D study, where a set of test chambers have been irradiated at the GIF++ laboratory setup.


AbstractThe effects on the corrosion of wire rope for mining applications of the breakdown products of reactions between organic fibre materials and lubricants, with and without contaminants, have been studied. Oxidation of pyritic mine dusts in the presence of corrosion debris to form acidic products is also discussed, and the effectiveness of certain inhibitors is assessed. It has been observed that decomposition of fibre core material contaminated with commercial lubricants and the interaction of the impure layer of corrosion products with mine dusts combine to accelerate the corrosion of wire ropes inside mines. Decomposition of the organic manila fibre appears to form acidic reaction products in the presence of certain contaminants, such as lubricants: commercial manila fibre decomposes to form alkaline products in the absence of contaminants. Corrosion debris appears to promote the oxidation of pyritic mine dusts to form acidic products. Benzylamine in low concentrations was found to be a good inhib...


The dimensions include pavement levels, thickness, shape (crossfall and longitudinal grade), width, alignment, etc. The principal steps involved in reaching a fully implemented statistical specification are: a) evaluation of currently achievable dimensional variabilities, b) evaluation of statistical compliance schemes, c) preparation of model specifications. In this paper, the variability achieved in pavement surface levels as a function of the methods of process control which are normally adopted by the road authorities is briefly outlined. This dependence was found to embrace in a major way the effects of other factors such as the specified tolerances, machinery used for material placement, quality and intensity of supervision, material properties, etc. which can be expected to contribute to the achieved results. The paper also puts forward compliance procedures for discussion. As a first requirement, a sampling scheme based on cost and the required accuracy of the mean and variance is outlined from the engineering judgement point of view. Two approaches to acceptance criteria and their implications are briefly presented. /TRRL/


Antiquity was a modern invention. Medieval thinkers, for example, knew about ancient Greeks and Romans, but did not consider them fundamentally different. In their illuminated manuscripts they idealized Greco-Roman rulers as medieval kings. It was not until the period that we now call Early Modern (16th-18th centuries) that the distinct hiatus between "antiquity" and our purportedly "modern" world emerged in European thought. At first, this was a sad contrast between a prestigious past and an...


High smoking prevalence leads to increased morbidity and mortality in individuals with depression/anxiety. Integrated interventions targeting both smoking and mood have been found to be more effective than those targeting smoking alone, but the mechanisms of change of these interventions have not been investigated. This qualitative study aimed to understand participants' experiences of the mechanisms underlying change in smoking behaviour following an integrated cognitive behavioural technique‐based intervention for smoking cessation and depression/anxiety.


Objective To observe the expression of GDNF and the role of nutrition and protection in Schwann cells through GDNF gene's transfetion to Schwann cells.Methods The Schwann cells were divided into control group,empty vector group,vector group.The GDNF gene was transfected into Schwann cells through cationic liposome mediattion.The nutritional function and expression effect were examined though MTT,immunohistochemistry,flow cytometry at 24 h,48 h,72 h after transfection of each group.Results The cells in vector group were more proliferated and vigorous than the other two groups in MTT;Immunohistochemistry showed high expression of GDNF in vector group;There were obvious nutritional role of transfected GDNF gene on Schwann cells in flow cytometry.Conclusion After GDNF gene transfection to Schwann cells,there were high expression of GDNF gene which had obvious nourishing and protective effects on Schwann cells.


Digital media holds a strong presence in society today. Providers of digital media may choose to have their content undergo an age-suitability analysis before being published. These analyses provide ratings that denote to which age group(s) a particular media item is appropriate. Content rating systems exist in many countries for television, music, video games, and mobile applications. These systems allow consumers to quickly determine whether or not a given media item is suitable to their age or preference. Literature, on the other hand, remains devoid of a comparable rating system. If a new, human-driven rating system for literature were to be implemented, it would be impeded by the fact that literary content is produced far more rapidly than are other forms of digital media; human working within such a system simply would not be able to read and analyze literature at its current rate of production. Thus, to provide fast, automated age-suitability ratings to works of literature (i.e., books), we propose a computer-driven rating system which predicts a book's content rating within each of eight categories: (a) crude humor/language; (b) drug, alcohol, and tobacco use; (c) kissing; (d) profanity; (e) nudity; (f) sex and intimacy; (g) violence and horror; and (h) gay/lesbian characters given the text of that book. Our computer-driven system circumvents the major hindrance to any theoretical human-driven rating system previously mentioned, i.e., infeasibility in time spent.


Annual mean values of geomagnetic field components D, H and Z for all days and quiet days at six observatories are analysed to investigate the secular variations and geomagnetic jerks in the Indian region. Secular trends show a region of demarkation between equatorial and low latitude stations. The residual D, H and Z curves, obtained by removing polynomial fits, do not show any parallelism with the Il-year sunspot cycle. However, the D residual has a periodicity of 2 solar cycles, whereas H and Z residuals indicate a quasi-periodicity of 3 solar cycles at Alibag. For the period 1958 to 1990, D and Z residuals show a periodicity of nearly 2 solar cycles, while H shows out-of-phase variations with the sunspot cycle for all the six stations. The secular jerk around 1969-70, noted at many observatories over the globe, is not seen in D but is noted in the H and Z components at some of the six Indian stations. A comparison between the observed annual means and IGRF models indicates very low secular variation anomaly in the Indian region.


Of the steps of a method of controlling content reproduction in a portable electronic device, displaying a playback device for displaying the content present in the network, including the portable electronic apparatus, present in the network, including the portable electronic apparatus, the reproduction device when receiving the input of the specific contents of the input and the content for a particular reproduction apparatus, in the specific playback device comprising: a step of displaying the reproduction control screen for controlling in that the specific contents reproduction, the reproduction control display characterized in that it comprises an area in which the portable electronic device represents a content being reproduced in the area and the reproducing device, which shows a playback device that is controlling.


Child Therapy and Non-directive Play Therapy. Symbolic Play: Its Role in Mental Development and Play Therapy. The Process of Play Therapy. Assessment and Planning for Play Therapy. Emotional/Social Development and Play Therapy . Practice Skills and Issues. Working with Children in Statutory Settings . References


The utility model discloses an LED lamp tube, which comprises a non-transparent semi-circular lower-half tube body, an aluminum substrate, an LED, a transparent semi-circular upper-half tube body and a lamp cap; the transparent semi-circular upper-half tube body is connected with the non-transparent semi-circular lower-half tube body; the aluminum substrate is fixed at the inner side of the non-transparent lower-half tube body along the direction which is parallel to the diameter of the non-transparent lower-half tube body; the LED is fixed at one surface of the aluminum substrate which faces towards the upper-half tube body; the lamp cap is fixed on two ends of the non-transparent semi-circular lower-half tube body and the transparent semi-circular upper-half tube body; and the non-transparent semi-circular lower-half tube body comprises a plurality of heat radiation fins which are vertical to the diameter direction of the lower-half tube body. The lower-half tube body comprises the plurality of heat radiation fins, so not only the heat radiation area is increased, but also the heat radiation fins can accelerate the convection of the air, and the heat radiation efficiency of the LED lamp tube can be improved.


In this paper, material property of fiber reinforced concrete(FRC) according to the steel fiber, glass fiber and carbon fiber blended ratio. The fiber reinforced concretes are increased mechanical strength, because the fibers are dispersed with randomly direction and disturb crack progression in concretes. Adhesive fracture is occurred slowly at interface between fiber and concrete, and the fracture energy is absorbed due to softening phenomenon.


Purpose. To determine the specifics of managing reproduction of current assets of machinebuilding enterprises and to sub stantiate modern directions of increasing their efficiency. Methodology. The author uses the following methods: canonical and discriminatory analysis ‒ in developing a conceptual ap proach to managing the reproduction of current assets of a machinebuilding enterprise; grouping ‒ while breaking down the production cost of the machinebuilding enterprise; general and specific ones ‒ in identifying the specifics of the enterprises of the machinebuilding complex in comparison with other industrial enterprises, as well as in the development of scientific and practical provisions that determine the formation of the resource queue, provided that the income covers (does not cover) the production cost; ranking ‒ when determining the priority of covering costs. Findings. The specifics of formation and use of current assets of machinebuilding enterprises is revealed, and based on this, a conceptual approach to managing their reproduction is proposed. The essence of the resource queue method is analyzed, and sug gestions on its adaptation to the specifics of heavy engineering enterprises are developed. The resource queue method is shown on the example of railcar manufacturing at Public JSC "Dniprovahonmash", and the algorithm of the priority of the reproduction of resources under different conditions of costrevenue ratio from its sale is proposed. Originality. The resource queue method is improved in the part of the selection of the procedure of minimization of expenses within the limits of relatively stable cost components having the highest ranks of the priority of its coverage. Practical value. Scientific results can be used by machinebuilding enterprises for efficient management of current assets in conditions of financial and economic instability.


Received : 25/09/2018 Accepted : 20/11/2018 Abstract : The goal of this study was to use life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to assess the environmental impact of liquid detergent intended for dish, clothes and multi user, which is produced by a leader manufactory in Algeria town. This LCA was used to evaluate the environmental impact generated by this company and to determine the contribution of compound to impacts evaluated, and to try to carry out a comparative study between these products. This study seems to be in need of using of SimaPro7.1 software and EDIP 2003 method. The input data needed to conduct Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) coming from this factory, which use different raw material imported from European and Asian countries, energy used is coming from Algerian resource. Outputs are the result of wastewater analysis of this factory in different forms (liquid, solid and gas form).


Cyber-attackers could stealthily interfere with the normal operation of power systems by maliciously tampering the measurements transmitted from field devices to control centers. Although some data-driven methods capable of identifying abnormal measurements have been proposed, there are some remaining shortcomings such as low accuracy and slow convergence rate. This paper devises a novel framework by combining convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long-short-term memory (LSTM) networks for detecting tampering attacks based on recognizing spatial-temporal correlations between measurements. Besides, optimization such as the attention mechanism, Dropout layers and SVM are applied to improve the performance of the proposed framework. This paper also introduces how to implement the proposed framework in practical cyber-physical systems and expounds the synergistic relationships between the data-driven detector and the traditional bad data detection module. Case studies prove that the proposed framework has better learning performance than existing ones.


Methods: We enrolled 251 consecutive patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 12 hours of symptom onset. Blood samples were collected directly during primary PCI (OPG0), after 24 hours (OPG24) and 48 hours (OPG48). The blood was centrifuged directly after sample drawing and the serum was immediately frozen at -87° C. OPG was measured with a standard ELISA-Kit. A combined endpoint of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including death, myocardial infarction and new onset of congestive heart failure was used for outcome assessment.


Humans in their lives acquire language from their environment and use language. Humans use language as a means of communication. Syntax language acquisition is obtained by children gradually, from small things first and then moving on to bigger things, meaning that children master words, phrases, clauses and then sentences. A child will convey a message or desire in the form of news sentences, questions and commands. This thesis has the title of language acquisition at the syntactic level of children aged 4 years (case study of Amira Nadhifa Hidayah). The problems studied in this thesis are: (1) How is the formation of declarative sentences in children aged 4 years (case study amira Nadhifa Hidayah)?  (2) How is the formation of imperative sentences in children aged 4 years (case study Amira Nadhifa Hidayah)? (3) How is the formation of interrogative sentences in children aged 4 years (case study Amira Nadhifa Hidayah)? The purpose of this study is to describe, analyze and interpret in detail and systematically in declarative, interrogative, imperative sentences that occur in children aged 4 years. The theory that the author uses in discussing this problem is the theory of Chaer (2009:187-199) and Dardjowijojo (2000:199-202). The data sources of this study were all sentences uttered by a 4 year old child (case study of Amira Nadhifa Hidayah) while the object data were declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentences in a 4 year old child in the language acquisition process. The method used is a descriptive method with data collection using listening techniques, recording techniques, fishing techniques, note-taking techniques, matching techniques. The results of this study are that there are 66 data from declarative sentences uttered by children aged 4 years (case study Amira Nadhifa Hidayah), 45 data from interrogative sentences uttered by Amira Nadhifa Hidayah and 17 data from imperative sentences uttered by Amira Nadhifa Hidayah.


The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of O / W micro-emulsion for external application, (A) a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant, (B) having a carbon number of 16 or more straight-chain higher alcohol, (C) oil, and (D) a critical micelle concentration of the hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant in the water-based solvent as a water-based solvent to be dissolved in water (cmc) is higher than the aqueous solvent it in water, and (E) (a) ~ (E) the water of 5 to 25% by weight of the total amount by mixing with 70 ~ 80 ℃ W to prepare a W / O emulsion / O emulsion preparation process and characterized in that it comprises the O / W fine emulsion preparation process of phase inversion to the W / O emulsion 10 ~ 35 ℃ of the (F) water or an aqueous formulation mixed with stirring was added to O / W fine emulsion while the emulsion particle size provides a 50 ~ 500 nm O / W method of manufacturing a micro-emulsion for external application in which the. This method is excellent in economical efficiency without using a particular cooling device, characterized in that is easier to fabricate the safety, stability is superior O / W micro-emulsion for external application.


Long-term sexual behavioral rhythms of male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) found to be similar whether in the laboratory or in their natural habitat in North India. This suggested the possible existence of an annual rhythm in sexual potency at least partly independent of environmental variables. This was investigated in 2 males over a period of 21 months in London. The male animals were castrated and received testosterone propionate 2 mg im/day. Females were ovariectomized and received estradiol monobenzoate 5 mg sc/day. Thus both males and females were subjected to constant hormonal stimulation. Tests were carried out 5 days a week for 1 hour each. Both males showed well-marked annual rhythms in ejaculatroy performance. Onset was similar to that observed in intact males in their natural habitat or in a laboratory environment. However the decline in sexual activity in the castrates receiving testosterone replacement occurred later and seemed less well-defined than in intact animals. Changes in plasma testosterone levels seem unrelated directly to changes in sexual potency. The role of testosterone may be irrevalent above a threshold level. The annual behavioral rhythm could not have been mediated through the gonads. Seasonal changes in potency represent a change in sexual performance and may depend on an alteration in the threshold of the brain mechanism that is not mediated through the gonads.


The effectiveness of fault diagnosis of Metal Oxide Arrester(MOA) by means of resistance current test and infrared temperature measurement is analyzed based on the method and principles of energized test for MOA.Illustrated with a case of the equipment fault detection with energized test,the arrester fault is confirmed through outage test and disassembly analysis.The effectiveness of energized test for MOA insulation diagnosis is verified.


Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the different presentations, management, and outcomes of blunt and penetrating chest trauma patients who presented to the Emergency Department of Menoufia University Hospital. Background Chest trauma accounts for 10% of trauma admissions and 25–50% of trauma deaths worldwide. Different types and grades of severity of chest trauma along with various associated body injuries result in variable outcomes. Patients and methods This prospective study included 100 patients with acute chest trauma who presented to the Emergency Department of Menoufia University Hospitals. All patients were managed according to Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines in the emergency department, followed up in the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, or in the ICU according to diagnosed injuries, treatments, and outcomes. Data were described in percentages. Results Out of 100 patients, 72 patients had blunt chest trauma and 28 patients had penetrating trauma. The male: female ratio was 7: 1 in blunt trauma patients and 13: 1 in penetrating trauma group. The most common mode of blunt trauma was motor vehicle accident (76.4%), whereas stab wound was the most common cause (67.9%) of penetrating trauma. Tube thoracostomy was the most common intervention in blunt and penetrating chest trauma (P = 0.013). No mortality was found in penetrating trauma patients, whereas five blunt trauma patients died, mortality rate 6.9%; four of these deaths were associated with traumatic brain injury. Conclusion Thoracic trauma is an important cause of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. The incidence of chest trauma was higher in males than females. The ICU stay was significantly longer among patients with blunt chest trauma than penetrating trauma.


Introduction: Different regional groups have different soft tissue structures, so it is necessary to establish the soft tissue norms of different regional groups for effective orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods: 270 lateral cephalograms of subjects with age group 18-25 years, Angle's class I dentoalveolar malocclusion, normal overjet and overbite, presence of all permanent teeth and well balanced facial profile were selected. Holdway soft tissue cephalometric analysis was performed and studied. Result: The Hangle, upper and lower lip to S line, upper lip curvature, lower lip to H line, upper and lower sulcus depth and upper lip strain factor were higher whereas nasolabial angle, upper lip to E-line and nose tip to H line were lesser for Rajasthan population as compared to Caucasians. Conclusion: Rajasthanis have protrusive upper and lower lips as compared to Caucasians.


The given article considers texts of modern legend from the point of view of their polyphonic organisation. First, the basic theoretical positions are presented concerning the theory of polyphony and the specificity of the considered genre, namely: 1) each speech fragment represents a synthesis of set pieces with their original content; 2) the folklore text is a special text type characterised by oral form of existing, variability, absence of the author's beginning, presence of the avant-text, etc.; 3) the classical legend genre is a short story about meeting with a mythological being, characterised by the following features: linearity of the plot, twoor three-part composition, description in conversation, ambivalence of plot, etc.; 4) modern legend is a result of transformation of the traditional genre, different from the classical legend, first of all, by another functional orientation which is caused by the loss of the main pragmatic purpose the statement of superstitious representations. The basic part of research represents consideration of the polyphonic structure modern legend. On the basis of the analysis the following positions are formulated: the basis of the modern legend text is polyphonic inclusions caused by its genre specificity (presence of mythical characters, orientation to spontaneous informal conversation, etc.); the legend text has inclusions which by form are fragments of text referring to the text environment of a different type and, thereby, bring special semantic components to the text of the given genre (inclusions of traditional folklore, of language models of the discourse the legend text was created in, the inclusions whose prototext environment is language of a certain collective or individually-personal specificity of speech of the story-teller). The following conclusion is resulted: modern legend, in many respects saving text models of the traditional genre, shows a considerable element of tradition that corresponds to the specificity of modern folklore in whole.


We introduce a notion of generalized Serre duality on a Hom-finite Krull-Schmidt triangulated category T . This duality induces the generalized Serre functor on T , which is a linear triangle equivalence between two thick triangulated subcategories of T . Moreover, the domain of the generalized Serre functor is the smallest additive subcategory of T containing all the indecomposable objects which appear as the third term of an Auslander-Reiten triangle in T ; dually, the range of the generalized Serre functor is the smallest additive subcategory of T containing all the indecomposable objects which appear as the first term of an AuslanderReiten triangle in T . We compute explicitly the generalized Serre duality on the bounded derived categories of artin algebras and of certain noncommutative projective schemes in the sense of Artin and Zhang. We obtain a characterization of Gorenstein algebras: an artin algebra A is Gorenstein if and only if the bounded homotopy category of finitely generated projective A-modules has Serre duality in the sense of Bondal and Kapranov.


Effects of gamma radiation at various doses on eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of azuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) were studied. It was found that there were no significant differences between percent egg mortalities at 40 and 80 Gy and among 120, 160 and 180 Gy. As for the larvae, percent mortalities at all doses were significantly different from that of the control. Significant differences were also found among tested doses from that of the control in percent pupal mortality. After 4 and 7 days of irradiation, percent adult mortalities were found to be significantly different from those of the control at every dose. No significant differences were found among percent mortalities at all tested doses between 4 and 7 days. Percent sterilities at 100 and 120 Gy were not significantly different. When untreated male mating with treated female, there were significant differences in fecundity from the control and from among one another. In treated larvae at 100, 300 and 500 Gy, of all doses the degrees of melanization decreased with the increasing dose. The percent phenoloxidase (PO) activities of the treated larvae reduced compared with that of the control.


The political-administrative structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina is unique and extremely complex. Its administrative architecture has defined different teaching plans and programs at different level of state organization. This brings us to the fact that there are large numbers of textbooks that teach classes from different thematic areas. The textbook is still the most frequently and most widely used teaching tool for pupils to acquire knowledge and skills. As a compulsory source of knowledge in teaching and schooling, the textbook represents a fundamental point of encounter between the teacher's professional competence and student expectations and the privileged channel through which teaching communication is realized. Items like content, structure, graphic and visual artwork of the textbooks have undergone a considerable qualitative developmental path, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to choose a suitable textbook that would be culturally and scientifically valuable, methodically well-structured and adapted to the pupils' interests and abilities and the context in which they live. The subject of research of this paper is to consider the characteristics of the constructivist approach to the textbooks "My Environment" in the 4 th grade and "Society" in the 5 th grade of the elementary school with a focus on social content. Also, in this paper we will try to highlight all the elements that favour the pupils in order to be able to effectively use the textbook and self-directed learning. The focus analysis of the textbooks, in addition to the mentioned segments, will also focus on the didacticmethodical foundations of individual forms of teaching that are integrated within the same framework, and encourage pupils to stand alone research work and self-directed learning. This paper will analyse the possibility of creating textbooks and written materials that would support the selfdirected learning of pupils as well as the development of social and civic competencies. Through the outline of the results and findings of the action-based survey, there are guidelines for further improvement of the subject area.


The limiting nature cum the ever rising cost of feed ingredients of protein origin have orchestrated the need seek alternative source. Hence, the effect of defatted Moringa Oleifera seed meal (DMOSM) on growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings was conducted for a period of 7 weeks. The DMOSM was substituted from fish meal at 0% (control), 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion rate in different diets. Clarias gariepinus fingerlings of 2.4g mean weight were randomly distributed into plastic tanks at 10 fish/tank in four replicate treatments and were fed twice daily at 5% body weight. The growth parameters and nutrient utilization shows that fish fed with 10% DMOSM diet had the highest weight gained (3.05 + 0.04g) while least (2.98 + 0.04g) was recorded in the control. The other treatments 20%, and 30% gained 2.88 + 0.04g and 2.86 + 0.04g respectively. Similar trend was observed for other parameters such as feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and condition factors, where the best for each case (1.57 + 0.08, 1.82 + 0.06 and 1.46 + 0.07) recorded at 10% inclusion respectively. The highest survival rate 85 + 0.45 was however obtained at 30% inclusion level while the least 73 + 0.45 was obtained at 30% was obtained in 0% (control). Finding of this report proves the DMOSM to enhance growth and survival of fish with any deleterious effect, with the best inclusion ratio however at 10%. * Corresponding Author: Ogaga Augustine Aghoghovwia  email@example.com International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print), 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub.net Vol. 11, No. 5, p. 27-31, 2017


This paper discusses a receiving system employing sharp vertical-plane directivity, capable of being steered to meet the varying angles at which short radio waves arrive at a receiving location. The system is the culmination of some four years effort to determine the degree to which receiving antenna directivity may be carried to increase the reliability of short-wave transatlantic telephone circuits. The system consists of an end-on array of antennas, of fixed directivity, whose outputs are combined in phase for the desired angle. The antenna outputs are conducted over coaxial transmission lines to the receiving building where the phasing is accomplished by means of rotatable phase shifters operating at intermediate frequency. These phase shifters, one for each antenna, are geared together, and the favored direction in the vertical plane may be steered by rotating the assembly. Several sets of these phase shifters are paralleled, each set constituting a separately steerable branch. One of these branches serves as an exploring or monitoring circuit for determining the angles at which waves are arriving. The remaining branches may then be set to receive at these angles. The several receiving branches have common automatic gain control and thus provide a diversity on an angle basis. To obtain the full benefit of the angular resolution afforded by the sharp directivity, the different transmission times, corresponding to the different angles, are equalized by audio delay networks, before combining in the final output.


The use of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) has increased significantly over the world and is a globally widespread phenomenon. Although measures can be taken to anticipate and prevent the opponent's ability to deploy IEDs, detection of IEDs will always be a central activity. There is a wide range of different sensors that are useful but also simple means, such as a pair of binoculars, can be crucial to detect IEDs in time. Disturbed earth (disturbed soil), such as freshly dug areas, dumps of clay on top of smooth sand or depressions in the ground, could be an indication of a buried IED. This paper brie y describes how a field trial was set-up to provide a realistic data set on a road section containing areas with disturbed soil due to buried IEDs. The road section was imaged using a forward looking land-based sensor platform consisting of visual imaging sensors together with long-, mid-, and shortwave infrared imaging sensors. The paper investigates the presence of discriminatory information in surface texture comparing areas with disturbed against undisturbed soil. The investigation is conducted for the different wavelength bands available. To extract features that describe texture, image processing tools such as 'Histogram of Oriented Gradients', 'Local Binary Patterns', 'Lacunarity', 'Gabor Filtering' and 'Co-Occurence' is used. It is found that texture as characterized here may provide discriminatory information to detect disturbed soil, but the signatures we found are weak and can not be used alone in e.g. a detector system.


Radial accelerations in galaxy dynamics are now observed over an extended range in redshift that includes model calculations in $\Lambda$CDM. In a compilation of data of the {\em Spitzer} Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) catalogue, the recent sample of Genzel et al.(2017) and the McMaster Unbiased Galaxy Simulations 2, we report on self-similarity expressed in the variable $\zeta = a_N/a_{dS}$, given by the Newtonian acceleration $a_N$ based on baryonic matter content over the de Sitter scale of acceleration $a_{dS}=cH$, where $c$ is the velocity of light and $H$ is the Hubble parameter. At $\zeta=1$, smooth galaxy dynamics in $\Lambda$CDM models is found to be discrepant from the observed $C^0$ galaxy dynamics, marking the transition to anomalous dynamics in weak gravity $(\zeta<1)$ from Newtonian gravity ($\zeta\ge1$) by baryonic matter content. At a level of confidence of $6\sigma$, this poses a novel challenge to cold dark matter distributions on galactic scales models, here identified with a causality constraint on inertia imposed by the cosmological horizon.


Being considered to be sweet and crisp,sweel bamboo shoot contains many kinds of nutriments like Vc.、Vb 、Va 、microfibre and so on.,which is one of the greatest traditional food with its health-care value.This paper shows the results of experiment in technological process of eating-silk of sweet bam-boo shoot for practicing.


Abstract The purpose of this paper is describing cyclic codes of length pn over (ℤ p ) m . We partition ideals of into two general forms and calculate the annihilator of these two forms. In this way, we can introduce an explanation of cyclic codes and the dual code of an arbitrary cyclic code of length pn over (ℤ p ) m .


Symmetrized DMRG calculations on long oligomers of poly- para-phenylene (PPP) and poly-para-phenylene vinylene (PPV) systems within a `U-V' model have been carried out to obtain the one-photon, two-photon and singlet-triplet gaps in these systems. The extrapolated gaps (in eV) are 2.89, 3.76 and 2.72 in PPP and 3.01, 3.61 and 2.23 in PPV for the one- photon, two-photon and spin gaps respectively. By studying doped systems, we have obtained the exciton binding energies. The larger exciton binding energies, compared to strongly dimerized linear chains emphasizes the role of topology in these polymers. Bond orders, charge and spin correlations in the low-lying states bring out the similarities between the lowest one-photon, the lowest triplet and the lowest bipolaronic states in these systems. The two-photon state bond orders show evidence for strong localization of this excitation in both PPP and PPV systems.


The Gel casting method was used to fabricate the microwave dielectric ceramics in this study.It includes the preparation of the ceramic slurry,the forming technology and preparation of the microwave dielectric rod resonators.The microstructure patterns of the samples were observed,and it's microwave properties were tested.The comparison between two kinds of samples which fabricated by pressing forming and Gel casting were made.The results shown that the dielectric constant of the microwave ceramics(Ba_(6-3x)(Sm_(1-y)Nd_y)_(8+2x)Ti_(18)O_(54))made by Gel casting was similar with that made by pressing forming,and it's unloaded quality factor was slightly higher.It's microstructure was more homogeneous,compact and less defects.


Africa is caught between the birth of her modern nationalism and the quest for nationhood. Her nationalism is a reality that played a part in ending territorial colonialism but nationhood itself is an ambition rather than a reality. The agonies of Africa in the second half of the twentieth century have been ultimately derived from the pains of intermediacy between nationalism and nationhood. We shall discuss in this article the rise of the new political consciousness in Africa, its potential, and its limitations. We shall also examine the fortunes of political parties in the continent across that historic divide between colonialism and formal independence. We shall grapple with the emergence of new social classes in Africa, and the impact of civil-military relations on this system of stratification.


Oral cancers are one of the most common cancers worldwide today. They are usually neglected by the common population when compared to systemic cancers such as the lung cancer, colon cancer etc. However, they also may be extremely fatal if left untreated even at a very initial stage of the lesion. Dental health care workers have a duty to detect benign and potentially malignant oral lesions such as oral cancer and are generally the best trained health care professionals in this field. Prompt referral to an appropriate specialist allows for the best management but, if this is not feasible, the dental practitioner should take the biopsy which should be sent to an oral/head and neck pathologist for histological evaluation. The purpose of this review article is to discuss the various advanced diagnostic aids in the diagnosis of oral cancer.


Concerning the new module, the paper briefly describes its numerical method for trajectory scomputations. The numerical method itself (a scheme ascribed to Sverre Petterssen) is a standard second order method and applied in many other trajectory packages. The main technical contribution of the present paper is the implementation and parallelization of the method for online use in the COSMO-model (presumably with some portability to other NWP models which employ a similar domain decomposition strategy and grid staggering as the COSMO-model).


This article presents part of a study that sought to illuminate a Brazilian tradition of research in Social Psychology, based on Theodor Adorno's theory. Its aim was to identify and discuss references and appropriations of Adorno's theory, particularly its proposal for Social Psychology, by Brazilian researchers between 1984 and 2015. Through the analysis of scientific literature, 197 articles were found, and a thematic analysis was carried out in 87 of those, characterized as belonging to Psychology, based on the categories: studies of social domination and violence (24); studies on the individual and cultural formation (14); studies on cultural industry, advertising and consumption (11); studies on science, methodology and theoretical debates (17); studies on education (13); and studies on art and aesthetics (8). The results indicate a significant and growing presence of this perspective in Social Psychology in Brazil and the expansion, by the researchers, of its scope of reflection and action.


The feasibility of an electric power generation system utilizing a sun-tracking parabolic concentrator and a Stirling engine/linear alternator is being evaluated. Performance predictions and cost analysis of a proposed large distributed system are discussed. Design details and preliminary test results are presented for a 9.5 ft diameter parabolic dish at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Caltech) Table Mountain Test Facility. Low temperature calorimetric measurements were conducted to evaluate the concentrator performance, and a helium flow system is being used to test the solar receiver at anticipated working fluid temperatures (up to 650 or 1200 C) to evaluate the receiver thermal performance. The receiver body is designed to adapt to a free-piston Stirling engine which powers a linear alternator assembly for direct electric power generation. During the next phase of the program, experiments with an engine and receiver integrated into the concentrator assembly are planned.


Paradigm Wars: Indigenous Peoples Resistance to Globalization examines current economic, political and social impacts on Indigenous Peoples. This book offers a critical analysis of conditions in Indigenous communities throughout the globe. The editors incorporate both Indigenous and non-Indigenous authors, allowing the reader to gain a perspective on forces of domination on Indigenous peoples. The title is an accurate description to a struggle between two opposing paradigms. The International Forum on Globalization (IFG), established in 1994, is a research and educational institution composed of leading activists, scholars, economists, and other researchers who provide analyses and critiques on cultural, social, political, and environmental impacts by economic globalization. IFG was established to address the impact of restructuring global politics and economics by the corporate sector. There has been virtually no public debate of the global free market or neoliberal model, or of the institutions and agreements enforcing this system. In response, the IFG has stimulated new thinking, public education, and activities about global governance structures such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and other such bureaucracies. IFG's work is linked to social justice and environmental movements, providing critical understanding for civil society. IFG works with a leading edge international board of leaders – a net-


Editors and editorial page editors remain positive about the role of the editorial in today's newspapers. They believe editorial pages provide information, analyses, benchmarks, and public forums to assist readers in making decisions and taking action on issues. This study provides comparative data about editorial page features for similar studies conducted in 1975, 1983, and 1992. In this survey most editors reported increased reader involvement in the editorial page, especially in letters columns.


A single particle obeys the Dirac equation in d≥1 spatial dimensions and is bound by an attractive central monotone potential that vanishes at infinity. In one dimension, the potential is even, and monotone for x≥0. The asymptotic behavior of the wave functions near the origin and at infinity are discussed. Nodal theorems are proven for the cases d=1 and d>1 , which specify the relationship between the numbers of nodes n1 and n2 in the upper and lower components of the Dirac spinor. For d=1 , n2=n1+1, whereas for d>1, n2=n1+1 if kd>0, and n2=n1 if kd<0, where kd=τ(j+d−22), and τ=±1. This work generalizes the classic results of Rose and Newton in 1951 for the case d=3. Specific examples are presented with graphs, including Dirac spinor orbits (ψ1(r),ψ2(r)),r≥0.