This study is to understand the impact of operating condition, especially initial operation temperature (Tini) which is set in high temperature range, on the temperature profile of the interface between PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) and catalyst layer at the cathode (i.e., the reaction surface) in a single PEFC (polymer electrolyte fuel cell). A 1D multi-plate heat transfer model based on the temperature data of separator measured using thermograph in a power generation experiment was developed to evaluate the reaction surface temperature (Treact). This study investigated the effects of flow rate, relative humidity and type of supply gas as well as Tini on the temperature distribution on reaction surface. The results obtained in O2 supply case show that, the temperature rise at the segments near the outlet of cell decreases with increasing Tini irrespective of relative humidity of supply gas (RH), while it is not seen in air supply case. Regarding the segments except near the outlet in O2 supply case, Treact – Tini increases with increasing Tini for 40% RH. The temperature distribution on reaction surface in O2 supply case is wider with increasing Tini as well as decreasing RH, though that in air supply case is relatively even.


Meta‐analysis multiplicity, the concept of conducting multiple tests of statistical significance within one review, is an underdeveloped literature. We address this issue by considering how Type I errors can impact meta‐analytic results, suggest how statistical power may be affected through the use of multiplicity corrections, and propose how meta‐analysts should analyze multiple tests of statistical significance. The context for this study is a meta‐review of meta‐analyses published in two leading review journals in education and psychology. Our review of 130 meta‐analyses revealed a strong reliance on statistical significance testing without consideration of Type I errors or the use of multiplicity corrections. In order to provide valid conclusions, meta‐analysts must consider these issues prior to conducting the review. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


There has been a progressive increase over the years in the number of schools providing school health services. A survey of 3186 cities having populations of 2500 or more, conducted under the auspices of the U. S. Office of Education (64) , revealed that all 93 cities of 100,000 or more population had a school health service; 87 percent of the cities under 10,000 population reported such a service. A more recent survey conducted by the American Dental Association (4) found 87 percent of the cities of 100,000 or more population having school dental programs, while only 47 percent of cities under 5000 reported dental programs in schools. Based on a sampling of 187 school systems, Abrahamsen and others (2) found that some kind of mental hygiene service was available in 83 percent of the schools altho only 15 percent provided the services of trained mental hygiene personnel (psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatric social workers). The agency which finances the school health program ordinarily administers it also. Available evidence compiled in the Kilander report (64) indicates there is a trend toward joint board of education and board of health financing and administration. In 60 percent of the city schools, school health services were administered by the board of education; in 11 percent by the board of health; in 23 percent jointly by the boards of education and health; and in 6 percent by other authorities. One U. S. Office of Education survey (110) conducted in 1940 revealed that for all cities of 10,000 and above, 73 percent were administered by the board of education; 14 percent by the board of health; and only 13 percent by joint authority. At a lower level, various administrative plans were reported (64) . In 34 percent of the city schools, school health services, health instruction, and physical education were each under a separate head, while in 53 percent of the schools the three programs were under one administrative head. The three variations of the latter plan in order of frequency were: (a) physical education had administrative control over both the health service and health instruction, (b) the health service had administrative control


Geomorphic features of a gully is an important slowly varying factor in the processes of debris flow,which determine the driving forces of debris flow,restrict the surface runoff converge among water source conditions and influence the ways of solid material supply.Therefore,debris flow occurrence can be analyzed by the geomorphic features of a drainage basin.By taking a rainstorm-induced debris flow gullies in the middle of Zagunao River basin as the research object,the relationships among geomorphic information entropy in gully development stages,basin area,longitudinal channel bed gradient and debris flow disaster characteristics are analyzed.Geomorphic information entropy of the high frequency debris flow gullies is found to be 0.12~0.20 and the low frequency debris flow gully,0~0.12 and 0.20~0.30,respectively.When gully area is 15 km2 and longitudinal channel bed gradient is 300‰,debris flow is watery,and on the contrary,is viscous.


Abstract Background Patients with psychotic disorders have a reduced life expectancy compared to those without psychosis, and this is primarily due to differences in physical illnesses. We aimed to assess the risk of developing multimorbidity or multiple chronic physical health conditions, and quantify its prevalence among this clinical population. Methods We identified studies through MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO from 1990 to September 2019, and reference scanning of included studies. Quantitative studies were included if proportions of 2+ and/or 3+ chronic physical health conditions were evaluated for patients with psychosis. Findings from all studies were descriptively summarized, and estimates for risk and prevalence of multimorbidity were meta-analyzed using random effects models. Results Fourteen studies were included, eight of which were meta-analyzed to determine the risk of developing 2+ chronic conditions for patients with psychosis. The pooled meta-analytic estimate suggests that persons with psychosis have an increased risk of developing multimorbidity than those without psychotic disorders (Risk ratio, RR=1.69, 95% CI 1.37, 2.08). All studies employed different operational definitions of multimorbidity, with respect to both the number and types of included chronic conditions. Evidence from included studies suggests gender and age as potential risk factors for developing multiple chronic conditions. Discussion Patients with psychosis are 69% more likely to develop multimorbidity than those without psychotic disorders. Clinicians responsible for the management of patients with psychosis should assess their risk for somatic illnesses. Future research examining multimorbidity should employ consistent definitions to better enable cross-study comparisons.


In practice, real systems are sparse and nonlinear in nature. So, this paper proposes a structure where a convex combination of algorithms is used to identify those systems. The linear components and the nonlinear components are identified by Improved Proportionate Normalized Least Mean Square (IPNLMS) algorithm and Filter Proportionate Normalized Least Mean Square (FPNLMS) algorithm respectively. The output of both the filters is combined by using a mixing parameter. The proposed structure is compared with proportionate type algorithms pertaining to normalized mean square error (MSE) to show its superiority.


This paper extends Barth's concept of ethnic boundaries and boundary strength to include boundaries maintained by other groups, and to propose that various types of human groups may be related on a continuum through the quality or strength of their boundaries. Three different types of groups "simple" groups, subcultural groups, and ethnic groups-are used to examine this concept in greater detail. It is further suggested that the concept of a continuum of boundary strength may be used to identify various stages of ethnic development, and that the notion of boundary has important implications for studies of urban ethnicity and human identity processes.


Abstract : A review is made of the effectiveness of various chemicals in controlling weed growth in sugar beet plantings.


PURPOSE: A copolymer is provided to be able to be used as pie-conjugate copolymer with a low band gap for a photoelectric cell, and to show good solubility in general organic solvents. CONSTITUTION: A copolymer has a structure represented by chemical formula 1: *-[D1-A1-D2-X]n-. In the chemical formula 1: X is D3 or A2; D1, D2 and D3 are respectively selected from Chemical formulas 1-a, 1-b, 1-c and 1-d; R1 is C1-12 alkyl, C1-12 alkoxy, amine or phenyl; Y is C, N or O; A1 and A2 are respectively selected from chemical formulas 1-e and 1-f; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are respectively H, C1-12 alkyl, C1-12 alkoxy or phenyl; and n is an integer of 10-10,000.


It is contribute to development of self-directed learning skills,team skills,problem-analyseing and problem-solving skills by drawing on the advanced teaching method and exploring teaching model in different form and storey,at the same time the new teaching model can remain the systematicness,profundity and extent of knowledge.It play a role of promotion in teaching efficacy.


In surveying data processing,when the distribution of observational errors is symmetry and has only one peak value,we may assume that it is p _norm distribution.By choosing a specific value of p ,the p _norm distribution can be closer to the real distribution of the errors than a normal one.Equations about parameters of p _norm distribution could not be directly solved using average method,so the estimations of the parameters could not be obtained directly.In this paper,we try to discuss them under the conditions that the values of the parameter μ and p are known.The following results are derived. First,the estimator of parameter σ is given by the method of maximum likelihood.Second,because the expectancy and variance are very important to depict the statistical property of a random variance,we give the calculating formulas of the expectancy and variance of estimator p ,and prove that p is a unbiased estimator.Third,we derive that the estimate of npλ p pσ p is χ p distributed.Lastly,by using the above results,hypothesis testing about p is discussed.The testing method of hypothesis to the variance is concluded when the hypothetical universe is a p _norm distribution.


Saccharomyces cerevisiae antizyme (AZ) resembles mammalian AZ in its mode of synthesis by translational frameshifting and its ability to inhibit and facilitate the degradation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). In the present study we have purified yeast antizyme and ornithine decarboxylase and we have studied the biochemical and biophysical characteristics of the proteins, and the resulting ODC:AZ complex. The surface plasmon resonance analyses show association constant (KA) between yeast AZ to yeast ODC is 6x 107 (M−1), which is ~1/1000th as determined in case of mammalian ODC‐ AZ interaction. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the two individual proteins in different ratios and of the ODC:AZ complex show no significant change in the secondary or tertiary structure of either ODC or AZ after binding to each other. The CD spectra also show that the secondary structure of yeast antizyme is different from the published NMR structure of rat antizyme. Using purified His‐tagged AZ as a binding partner, we have purified the ODC: AZ heterodimer and show that it has no ODC activity. The native molecular weight of the complex is 90 kDa, which suggests a one is to one stoichiometric binding of AZ and ODC in vitro.


Logistics outsourcing risk is emerging as a key challenge to logistics management in supply chain. The risk analysis is a critical first step in managing logistics outsourcing risk. The main purpose of this paper is to study the risk associated with logistics outsourcing using system dynamics theory. Firstly, we analyze the logistics outsourcing risk from the system thinking perspective. Secondly, based on the analysis of logistics outsourcing risk system's structure, inner mechanisms and relationships, a system dynamic model including input subsystem, risk subsystem, performance subsystem and benefit subsystem is built. Finally a detailed description of the model is presented from the viewpoint of system theory


The Corpus Callosum (CC) is a large white matter bundle that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres of the human brain. It is susceptible to atrophy as Alzheimer's disease progresses. The robust segmentation of CC allows quantitative investigation of its structural changes. However, deep learning-based CC segmentation is less explored. In this work, an improved UNet model is proposed for CC segmentation from two-dimensional T1-weighted mid-sagittal brain MRI. For this, mid-sagittal scans (n = 184) from the publicly available Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) brain MRI database are used. The images are fed to an improved UNet++ network. The architecture contains a fully convolutional network with two paths, contracting and extracting, that are connected in a U-shape to automatically extract spatial information. Leave one out Cross-Validation (LooCV) method is used to evaluate the robustness of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed approach is able to segment CC from MR images. The proposed method yields the Dice score of 98.43%, and Jaccard index of 98.53%. The improved UNet++ model obtained the highest sensitivity of 99.21% for AD conditions. Further, the performance of the proposed model has been validated against the state-of-the-art methods. Thus, the proposed approach could be useful for the segmentation of MR images in clinical condition.


In the Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment of risk factors for venous thrombosis (MEGA study), a large population-based case-control study, we investigated lifestyle factors as risk factors for venous thrombosis. Overweight, smoking and alcohol consumption were addressed and pregnancy and the postpartum period were evaluated in women. Due to the large sample size of the study it was possible to investigate the joint effect of these risk factors with important genetic risk factors for venous thrombosis such as the factor V Leiden and the prothrombin 20210A mutation. In addition to these lifestyle related risk factors, two polymorphisms within the promoter region of the protein C gene were studied as risk factors for venous thrombosis and the influence of genotypic variation on plasma protein C levels was assessed. Finally, we described our experience with the inclusion of two different control groups in the MEGA study.


Details exploration programs often include complicated data such as several huge heterogeneous data resources, user choices, and company impact. In such situations, only one method or one-step exploration is often limited in discovering valuable information. It would also be very time and space consuming and also impossible to join huge data resources for exploration styles made up of several aspects of data. It is crucial to develop effective techniques for exploration styles mixing information you need from several relevant company lines, catering for actual company configurations and decision-making actions rather than just providing only one line of styles. This paper develops on current works and suggests mixed exploration as a general approach to exploration for useful styles mixing elements from either several data sets or several features or by several techniques on demand. There are three paradigms, and basic procedures for mixed exploration they are multi-feature mixed exploration, multisource mixed exploration, and multi-method mixed exploration. Novel types of mixed styles, such as step-by-step group styles, which cannot be directly produced by the current techniques. A set of real-world case studies are to be performed in enterprise data exploration programs to discover the valuable information in complicated data.


In our daily life, we need certain expenses to ensure the survival and development of ourselves. These expenses can consist ofdaily food buying, medicine or education, etc., as well as direct investment into production to create income sources for individuals andfamilies, other expenses on creating and maintaining social relationships as expenses on special ceremonies like weddings or funerals, etc.In addition, there are expenses on buying houses, equipment and household facilities. Thus, how is the reality of Vietnamese households'expenses at current time? Based on the statistics from General Statistical Office in Vietnam in the period 2002-2008, we see that theaverage expense of Vietnamese households was significantly improved in recent years. Average monthly expense of households headed bywomen is higher than that of households headed by men. Average expense gap between urban and rural areas have decreased slightly butremained large differences of the expense rate. Nationally, the biggest expense of all the households is living expense and this rate tendedto decrease year by year. The rate of living expense in urban areas was always higher than rural areas from 2002 to 2008 and theinequality of quintile 5 (the richest) and quintile 1 (the poorest) in monthly per capita average living expense is clearly shown. It can besaid that with daily expenses, women have the highest right of deciding, most men do not take part in this duty. With other expenses likechildren's education and disease treatment, men play higher role in deciding. In buying expensive things, the rate of both wives andhusbands discussing on making decisions ranks highest.


Background Glioma is the most common intracranial primary malignancy, characterized by abnormal signal transductions caused by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators. Studies show the palmitoylation of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors participate in cancer progression, while studies of protein S-palmitoyltransferases in glioma are limited. A systematic analysis of zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferases (ZDHHC) in glioma is still lacking. Methods A prognostic heatmap and Kaplan-Meier overall survival plot of 24 members of the ZDHHC family in pan-cancer created. The expression and prognostic significance of ZDHHC12 was analyzed by using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and PrognoScan. DBTRG and U251 cells with silenced ZDHHC12 expression were constructed and used for cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell assay and wound healing assay in vitro. Results Here, we first conducted expression and prognostic analyses of 24 ZDHHCs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and other glioma datasets. We found ZDHHC12 to be the only unfavorable prognostic marker in glioma. The function of ZDHHC12 in glioma was then investigated with loss-of-function strategies and in vitro cell assays. Results showed that ZDHHC12 knockdown remarkably reduced the growth, migration, and invasion capabilities in DBTRG and U251 cell lines, suggesting that ZDHHC12 may contribute to malignant behavior in glioma cells. Finally, the molecular basis for ZDHHC12 expression in glioma was analyzed, and DNA hypomethylation was found to be responsible for increased ZDHHC12 mRNA expression and related prognoses. Conclusions ZDHHC12 positively promoted the proliferation and migration of glioma cells. Decreased DNA methylation may lead to increased ZDHHC12 expression in gliomas. This study may deepen the understanding of glioma progression and therapeutics.


The unit of fluence is m. The energy distribution of the fluence, FE, is the quotient dF by dE, where dF is the increment of fluence in the energy interval between E and E þ dE. There is an analogous definition for the direction distribution, FV, of the fluence. The complete representation of the double differential of fluence can be written (with arguments) FE,V(E,V), where the subscripts characterize the variables (quantities) for differentiation and where the symbols in the parentheses describe the values of the variables.


Spectroscopy Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) – Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) used to study the surface of polymeric materials on polymeric substrates using a sensitive technique for chemical profiling, study of reflection spectroscopy, and a non-invasive. In this study we will investigate of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) deposition in carbon composite paper without damaging its structure by FTIR-ATR. Carbon composite paper was prepared by mixing the carbon material from coconut fiber and polymer binder in xylen as solvent, casted on glass substrate, and then rolled to make a sheet. Coating process was done by dipped the carbon composite paper in the PTFE suspension with different content of 10 wt%, 20 wt% and 30 wt% for 30 minutes and dried at room temperature for one night and heated at 150°C for 30 minutes, and finally heated at 350°C for 30 minutes to melt the PTFE. All samples were analyzed by using FTIR-ATR and SEM-EDS. Deposition of PTFE with different content in carbon composite papers could be observed by FTIR-ATR. The peaks located at near 1205 cm-1 and 1154cm-1 with different intensity for each PTFE contents. FTIR-ATR could be used as a pre-detection method of PTFE deposition in carbon composite paper before using SEM-EDS, because FTIR-ATR would be reflected at the highly reflective surface.


The nature of interests in law is considered. The study draws attention to the fact that it is not possible to distinguish between objective and subjective factors in the development of social interest. This is explained by the fact that subjective (conscious and unconscious, automatic) factors depend on the external environment, but it is difficult to establish the degree of their influence on the need for a person to possess certain benefits. The differentiation and/or unity (rather, it is a relationship) of these factors is extremely complicated and can be constructed only in general terms within the framework of the analysis of the patterns of development of needs , motives, and the influence of incentives on a particular person. In this regard, the nature of social interest is intersubjective. The subject of work is the analysis of the nature of interests in law within the framework of an intersubjective approach, and above all from the standpoint of their coordination, competition, constant dynamics in law-making and law enforcement activities. The purpose of work is to determine the nature of interests from the standpoint of various approaches that are the starting point for the study of interests that have legal significance. The methodological basis of the study is: general and particular scientific methods, namely logical; such techniques as description, analysis, generalization, abstraction are used, a system-functional approach is applied. Considering interest from the point of view of subjective, objective, subjective-objective approaches, the study notes that none of these positions corresponds to the patterns of formation of interest, either social or legal. Also, subjectivity cannot be recognized as a characteristic of interest, as well as subjectocentrism, the subjective orientation of legal understanding. In this case, it is necessary to distinguish between the nature of law interests, law means, development mechanism (origins, patterns) and their implementation in social and law practices. It is concluded that common interests are determined by the need for certain benefits of socially significant necessity or social benefit, states, statuses, become legally significant in connection with institutionalization. Law interests, as a consequence, should basically have a special social significance and recognition of the provision of benefits, ways and means of obtaining them. The conclusion is formulated about the need to recognize intersubjectivity as the most important property of social and law interests in modern society.


The optimal time to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains one of the major unanswered questions in the current treatment era. One of the arguments


This work has investigated, using a packed-bed laboratory reactor, the steady-state behavior of a Pt-ZSM-5 catalyst for the NO + C{sub 2}H{sub 4} + O{sub 2} reaction under highly oxidizing conditions, typical of lean-burn gasoline engine exhaust. Results have revealed very unusual kinetic behavior near the reaction lightoff temperature. For the first time, The authors have observed sustained kinetic oscillations, induced by the presence of NO, in the steady-state rate of the NO + C{sub 2}H{sub 4} + O{sub 2} reaction. The pattern of the oscillation was found to be very sensitive to catalyst temperature and feed composition. The steady-state rate of the NO + C{sub 2}H{sub 4} + O{sub 2} reaction is inhibited by NO and exhibits a strong kinetic isotope effect; the inhibition effect of {sup 15}NO is much greater than that of {sup 14}NO. Possible mechanisms of the observed kinetic oscillations are discussed on the basis of both the kinetic inhibition effect of NO on the catalytic surface and the surface phase transition of Pt induced by adsorbed NO. 52 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.


The Tuchel Heath (Tucheler Heide, Bóry Tucholskie) and Kashubia (Kassubei, Kaszuby), the two regions comprising the geographical region known as Pomerelia (roughly the area of the "Polish Corridor"), came into Prussian possession with annexations from Poland in 1772, when Friedrich II seized most of what would become the provinces of Poznania and West Prussia from the ailing Polish Republic. These territories, some liked to imagine, resembled the North American frontier. Friedrich II apparently compared it to Canada and "jokingly named the inhabitants his Iroquois." Gustav Freytag immortalized Friedrich's arrival on the frontier in his work Bilder aus der deutschen Vergangenheit, characterizing the place as "an abandoned land, without law, without authority; it was a wasteland." Certainly, the harsh climate, the sprawling pine forests and barrens, and the impoverished populace suggested a certain affinity. In one description of the region from 1879, the author depicted the Slavic game poacher "as a red Indian on the warpath."


Given the maturity of Internet standards, inter-organizational workflow is expected to be deployed in environments that are more dynamic and open than before. This paper addresses Inter Organizational Workflow (IOW) coordination in such a context, mainly investigating autonomic coordination managed at run-time. It is based on the idea that an agent-based approach is suitable to deal with this issue. More precisely, this paper introduces a framework for dynamic IOW in which involved processes are encapsulated into agents, called Process Agents (PA) in order to give them the capability to autonomously decide with whom, when and how to cooperate, and in which involved processes can access protocol components for their coordination needs. Our approach is based on the capability of PAs in playing different coordination protocols in order to take part in new business opportunities. This solution has numerous advantages. First, it provides extendable and reusable coordination components. Then, it supports run-time protocol integration. Finally, it eases openness since it imposes very few constraints.


Background: The use of the ratio of mitral inflow and annular velocity to stroke volume (E/E'/SV) has been reported as an index of diastolic elastance (Ed). However, its change during exercise has not been evaluated previously. We hypothesized that Ed during exercise would be abnormal in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM). Methods and Results: Operant Ed was estimated as E/E' divided by the volume of filling during diastole, assuming no aortic regurgitation (SV). SV was measured from the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract diameter and TVI obtained by the pulse wave Doppler signal. These parameters were measured at rest and during graded supine bicycle exercise (25W, 3 minutes increments) in 15 patients with ApHCM (12 male, mean age 57 years) and 15 age and gender-matched control subjects. E/E' at rest and during exercise were significantly higher in patients with ApHCM compared with control, whereas SV at rest and during exercise did not differ significantly between the groups. Ed was not significantly differ at rest and until 25 W of exercise (0.19 ± 0.05 vs 0.17 ± 0.05 cm/s at rest, p = 0.27; 0.21 ± 0.06 vs 0.18 ± 0.09 cm/s at 25 W, p = 0.31). However, Ed was significantly higher at 50 W of exercise in patients with ApHCM compared with that of control (0.21 ± 0.05 vs 0.15 ± 0.04 cm/s, p = 0.0059). Conclusion: Noninvasively-determined Ed was similar at rest and during mild exercise between patients with ApHCM and control. However, Ed was significantly abnormal during moderate exercise in patients with apHCM, suggesting dynamic change of LV stiffness during exercise in patients with ApHCM.


1. An exhaust system (100) for the flow direction of the gas turbine with twin flow comprising a flow guide nozzle and an exhaust pipe (110) for connecting the guide with the nozzle outlet the gas turbine, wherein said guide nozzle comprises a main nozzle (120) attached to the exhaust pipe (110) and a secondary nozzle (130) disposed around the main nozzle, characterized in that it further comprises means for attaching the secondary nozzle (130) directly to the exhaust pipe (110), wherein y seemed secondary nozzle supported by the exhaust pipe independently of the main nozzle (120). ! 2. The system of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of connecting elements (160) distributed around the upstream end of the secondary nozzle (130), wherein said connecting members are attached to the inner wall (133) of the secondary nozzle (130) and the flange (111) of the exhaust pipe (110). ! 3. The system of claim 1, characterized in that the main nozzle (120) is made of composite material with a ceramic matrix. ! 4. The system of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of flexible connecting elements (150) distributed around the upstream end of the main nozzle (120), said flexible connectors are attached to the outer wall (122) of the main nozzle (120 ) and the flange (111) of the exhaust pipe (110). ! 5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that at least a portion (1520; 1530) of the flexible connecting element (150) of the main nozzle (120) is brought into contact with the coupling member (160) of the secondary nozzle (130) thereby that the holes (152a; 153a; 1620) in said elements serving d


In order for neutralization to result in deviance, persons must (1) accept a technique of neutralization and (2) believe that they are in a situation in which the technique is applicable. Prior studies have confounded these two factors or ignored one of them. Employing a sample of college students, we examine the effect of both factors on cheating and shoplifting. Our central hypothesis is that acceptance of neutralizations will lead to deviance only when people believe that they are in situations in which the neutralizations apply. This hypothesis was supported for both forms of deviance. The consideration of both factors leads to an increase in the explanatory power of neutralization theory, allows us to better predict when the acceptance of neutralizations will lead to deviance, and sheds light on the mixed results of past neutralization research.


Objective: to investigate the prevalence of risk factors for diabetes mellitus type 2 among nursing students. Method: a cross-sectional study was developed in the first semester of 2009 with 99 nursing students, of both sexes, in a nursing college of Fortaleza/Ceara. Data were collected with a formulary regarding sociodemographic factors, anthropometric data, physical activity information, blood pressure levels and the capillary glycemia. The data was analyzed by the Statistical Software Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 16.0. The study was approved by the committee of ethics in research involving humans of the mentioned college through the protocol number 011/2009. Results: a large portion of the sample (46.5%) presented Overweight/obesity, 74,7% presented sedentaryism, 14.1% presented prehypertension, 14.1% presented hypertension and 1% had high capillary glycemia. Conclusions: the study showed that nursing students that participated in the survey presented different risk factors for diabetes mellitus type 2. It reinforces the importance of emphasize the prevention of this illness. Descriptors: diabetes mellitus; risk factors; students. RESUMO


To identify associations of other cancers with hereditary prostate cancer (HPC) we estimated relative risks (RRs) of 36 different cancers in relatives of prostate cancer cases in the Utah Population Data Base (UPDB), which combines genealogical and cancer data for Utah.


Fenugreek (Trigoneila foenum-greecum, L.) is an annual herbaceous plant commonly known as methi, belongs to the sub Family Papilionaceae, Family Fabaceae. it is used both as herb (the leaves) and as spice (the seed) (Basu et al., 2014).Fenugreek seeds contain many compounds belong to glycosides and flavonoids that give the plant pigment. They are important compounds for treating diabetes, liver diseases, eye pressure protection and anemia treatments, also contain vitamins such as (A, B1 and B2), as well as rich in some minerals, including K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn. Also, seeds contain hormone precursors that can increase milk production in nursing mothers (Muhammed, 2017 and Meena et al., 2018).


WGS raises different ethical issues than previous uses of genomics in newborns. In this article, I review some of the ethical issues that have arisen in the past when genetic testing has been done in newborns. I then suggest how whole genome sequencing may raise a new set of issues. Finally, I introduce a series of other articles in which the authors address different controversies that arise when whole genome sequencing is used in the newborn period.


IN the year 1896 I commenced visits to the western end of Port Stephens, where there was an aboriginal reserve occupied by several full bloods and many half castes. The headman, named "Tony," then about seventy years of age, was not only an initiate but was the ruling spirit of the "Keepara." They gave apparently to themselves a name which had not to that time appeared in print, and which I spelt "Kutthung," bu' Professor RadclitJeBrowne, and Rev. A. P. Elkin have given what now proves to be not the name of the tribe, but of the language, the title" Kattang," and by that name I shall in future refer to those who spoke that tongue. In the course of my enquiries I was given, what I believed through my ignorance of their social organizations, the names of various neighbouring tribes. Further investigations have clearly shown that the Gummipingal, Yeerung-gal, and Birroong-gal were but hordes of the Kattang-speaking ',tribe called the Worimi. The suffix "gal" or "kal" means a division, clan or horde. Thelkeld, whose work on the Awabakal of Lake Macquarie is the finest in existence concerning the language of any New South Wales Aborigines, was apparently unaware that those people were only part of a tribe. A. W. Howitt1 refers to a tribe he calls the Geawegai, as inhabiting part of the valley of the Hunter River extending to each lateral watershed and from twenty to thirty miles along the valley on each side of Glendon. On one of 'the maps illustrating his work he shows their territory as lying along the north bank of the Hunter from about Tomago to Glendon.


Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and specific gravity (SG) are important properties for determining the end-use and value of a piece of lumber. This study addressed the variation in MOE, MOR, and SG with physiographic region, tree height, and wood type. Properties were measured from two static bending samples (dimensions 25.4 mm × 25.4 mm × 406.4 mm) representing each wood type (corewood and outerwood) at heights 2.4, 7.3, and 12.2 m from three trees sampled from 135 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands distributed across the natural range of the species. An analysis of variance was conducted to detect the effect of physiographpic region, height, and wood type on each prop- erty. Significant regional variation was observed for MOE, MOR, and SG for both wood types with high values in the Gulf and South Atlantic Coastal Plains compared with other regions. A significant height-related trend in MOE, MOR, and SG within a tree was identified; MOE and MOR increased in corewood and decreased in outerwood with height. Maps showing regional variation in MOE and MOR at different heights by wood type were produced and showed significant variation for both properties.


Abstract : This project equipped an existing opto-mechanical planetarium with new multimedia technology derived from flight simulation systems. This upgrade allowed for fully interactive and immersive programming to be projected onto the planetarium's dome screen. Additionally, the planetarium was equipped with a wireless polling and control system allowing for audience participation, feedback and content evaluation. Using this technology, audience members have been presented a variety of show content in both real-time rendered and pre-recorded formats. Data has been collected from audiences on this content and collated for content retention, statistical analysis, and audience demographics. Additionally, portions of this data have been cross referenced with data collected via traditional evaluation methodology. Finally, the new system technology has been leveraged as a content creation system for multimedia assets used in areas external to the planetarium.


The vacancy of labor force property will not only show the incompletion of property system but also seriously restrain the state enterprise reform. The demarcation of labor force and recognition of its existence must be done in order to deepen the state enterprise reform and speed up the establishment of system of modern enterprises.


Pension funds have become the largest class of investors in many markets and, given their size, the allocation of their assets has important implications for the relative prices of financial assets. There may be a trend shift of private (defined benefit) pension fund asset allocation strategies away from equity to bonds, especially to government bonds, given their limited credit risk. The potential demand for such bonds could, in principle, be very substantial, sufficient in fact to result in a scarcity of such bonds in circulation. Many debt managers have taken advantage of current bond market conditions and issued long-term to ultra-long-term bonds. But whether they should follow a strategy of maturity-lengthening with the express aim to facilitate the task for pension fund managers is a different matter. Most policy makers would not recommend that governments undertake to issue long-term debt with the express intent of meeting this demand, not least because they expect the price mechanism to clear apparent imbalances in asset markets.


Similarly, Randall grounds the task of documenting Santamarı́a's role in cultural history in the echoes of her testimonial sources. Her interviews with Santamarı́a's nieces and filmmaker Rebecca Chávez recall her "motherly role," rather than simply narrating Santamarı́a's defense of the nueva trova musicians in the repressive early 1970s (118). How she wore a guayabera (men's dress shirt) to a Communist Party meeting reifies her gender consciousness in her role as head of Casa de las Américas (181). Interviews with both international intellectuals and the Casa's cleaning staff testify to Santamarı́a's class-consciousness. Likewise, a complete translation of a letter Santamarı́a wrote to Che Guevara on the news of his death, discursively equates Santamarı́a's role in the Casa de las Américas's resistance to US cultural imperialism to Guevara's ideological struggle.


Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the change trends in the educational contents of low birth rate and population aging in Middle School textbooks of social studies with the revision of subject curriculum.
Methods First, quantitative changes of educational contents such as the number of units, activities, and pages dealing with the contents of low birth rate and population aging were analyzed, and second, qualitative changes of educational contents regarding low birth rate and population aging were analyzed.
Results First, as the curriculum was revised repeatedly, the number of units, activities, and pages dealing with the educational contents of low birth rate and population aging increased significantly. Second, the educational content of low birth rate and population aging has changed from the presentation of fragmentary backgrounds, causes, or abstract countermeasures to the presentation of systematic explanations including various causes and economic, social and cultural measures.
Conclusions it is still problematic whether educational contents of low birth rate and population aging account for an appropriate portion of the entire textbook, and it needs to be studied further whether all the relevant causes and solutions are sufficiently dealt with in the school textbooks.


This guide is for students in Juliet Hill's Honors class, and covers both IDH 4200 (Geographical Perspectives) and IDH 4000 (Major Works)


In this paper,the reflectance over complicated terrain is computed using remote sensing image in visible and near-infrared bands and DEM,then the surface albedo is computed with combining spectral reflectance of narrow bands.In computing the reflectance the following two problems are considered: the effects of microscopic terrain such as altitude,slope,aspect and shadow on higher resolution of images;and the effects of atmosphere on images.Considering fully the effects of terrain and atmosphere on images,a model of computing reflectance and albedo over complicated terrain is developed using Landsat TM image and DEM in this paper.At last,taking the upper reaches of the Heihe Rive as an example,the albedo is computed using Landsat TM image and DEM.Testing the computed results of surface albedo,it is believe that the model is reasonable and feasible.


This guidebook presents guidance for state agencies and tribal leaders in effective crash reporting. The guidebook is developed based on best practices, success stories, lessons learned, published literature, and data from tribes and states that were involved in the data collection and analysis phase of this project. Part 1 of the guidebook provides self-assessment tools for state agencies and tribes. The self-assessment tools are designed to provide a quick assessment of the effectiveness of existing crash data collection and management, and the current level of communication and collaboration between tribes and state agencies. Part 2 of the guidebook provides information to both states and tribes to help identify solutions to issues associated with (1) establishing and maintaining communication and relationship between tribes and states; (2) building tribal crash data collection system; (3) implementing state-tribal crash data sharing; and (4) improving tribal traffic safety with crash data. Part 3 contains reference and source materials. The guide is accompanied by a CD (CRP-CD-155) containing a supplemental report documenting the research approach and findings, as well as color PDF copies of case study flyers meant to be used as handouts and reference material at meeting, conferences, and events. The CD also contains a double-sided three-fold flyer designed to promote the use of this guidebook via graphical presentation of function and summary of the guide. This guidebook and accompanying CD will provide valuable knowledge to both tribal law enforcement and state transportation agencies to better understand the extent and causes of crashes on tribal lands in order to develop more effective safety programs and countermeasures.


Introduction: Severe sinusoidal obstruction syndrome is a potentially fatal complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that can only be pharmacologically treated with defibrotide. The present study was aimed to determine cost-effectiveness of defibrotide as a treatment of severe sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in clinical practice, since some studies suggest that we lack of large randomized trials which can provide evidence to manage this disease in adult patients. Method: This is an observational, retrospective cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with severe sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The effectiveness endpoints evaluated were overall survival and survival rates by days +100 and +180 after transplantation. Overall survival was described using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cost-effectiveness was described using the median-based cost-effectiveness ratio and a bootstrap procedure was performed as a sensitivity analysis. Twenty adult patients were included in this study. The median overall survival was 56 (95% CI: 15-NA) days. Nine (45%) patients were alive by day +100 after transplantation and three (15%) were alive by day +180. The median-based cost-effectiveness ratio was €800 per life-day gained (95% CI: €365-€2,753.6/day, calculated by bootstrap procedure). Conclusion: Data obtained favor the use of defibrotide for the treatment of severe sinusoidal obstruction syndrome since it has shown a good profile of effectiveness and safety and acceptable acquisition costs compared to the overall transplantation costs


We report on the implementation of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes method into the JuKKR code [https: //jukkr.fz-juelich.de], an implementation of the relativistic all-electron, full-potential KorringaKohn-Rostoker Green function method, which allows a material-specific description of inhomogeneous superconductors and heterostructures on the basis of density functional theory. We describe the formalism and report on calculations for the s-wave superconductor Nb, a potential component of the materials platform enabling the realization of the Majorana zero modes in the field of topological quantum computing. We compare the properties of the superconducting state both in the bulk and for (110) surfaces. We compare slab calculations for different thicknesses and comment on the importance of spin-orbit coupling, the effect of surface relaxations and the influence of a softening of phonon modes on the surface for the resulting superconducting gap.


The major drawback of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem. Some PAPR reduction methods have been proposed in the literature, and clipping and filtering (CAF) has been recognized as the simplest one. However, the CAF method introduces in-band distortion. In this paper, weighted fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) is utilized to enhance the CAF method to improve the PAPR performance and mitigate the in-band distortion, which is called WFRFT-CAF method. The proposed WFRFT-CAF method is compared with existing PAPR reduction methods, based on computation complexity, PAPR reduction capacity, power spectral density (PSD), and bit error rate (BER) performance. Through simulations, it is validated that the WFRFT-CAF method can obtain better PAPR and BER performance than existing PAPR reduction methods considering the transmit power gain and path loss.


Abstract
Purpose – Studies have described how migrants progressively transform extraneous spaces into familiar, meaningful environments, turning them into 'homes'. However, in some contexts the opposite process occurs: what once felt like home becomes alien, unrecognizable and extraneous. Building on ethnographic vignettes on the everyday life of immobile young Eritreans, this chapter explores the paradox of 'not feeling at home' while being physically there.

Methodology – The chapter builds on three months' ethnographic fieldwork in Eritrea and extended participant observation among Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia, Sudan and Italy from 2012 to 2014.

Findings – I show how the youth, in a pervasive context of migration culture, articulate a sense of belonging towards what they imagine as the 'outside world', while being unable to make sense of their lives in their own homeland. Using the notions of 'estrangement' and home-unmaking, it is possible to account for the feelings of those living in conditions of protracted crisis and explore the subjective worlds of prospective refugees.

Originality/Value – The chapter's originality lies in the uniqueness of the ethnographic material and in the innovative approach to the debate on home-making and refugee studies. Instead of considering refugees' home-making processes in other countries, this chapter analyses the experience of losing home without moving. By using the concept of estrangement, it investigates the manifold meanings of immobility while adding to the theoretical discussion on home-making/unmaking processes. Moreover, it contributes to the empirical investigation of determinants of asylum flows by investigating the case of Eritrea, a major refugee-producing country.


Depth estimation is an essential component in understanding the 3D geometry of a scene. In comparison to traditional depth estimation methods such as structure from motion and stereo vision matching, determining depth relation using a single camera is challenging. The recent advancements in convolutional neural networks have accelerated the research in monocular depth estimation. However, most technologies infer depth maps using lower resolution images due to network capacity and complexity issues. Another challenge in depth estimation is ambiguous and sparse depth maps. These issues are caused due to labeling errors, hardware faults, or occlusions. This paper presents a novel end-to-end trainable convolutional neural network architecture – depth transverse transformer network (DTTNet). The proposed network is designed and optimized to perform monocular depth estimation. This network aims at exploring the multi-resolution representation to perform pixel-wise depth estimation more accurately. In order to improve the accuracy of depth estimation, different kinds of ad hoc networks are proposed subsequently. Extensive computer simulations on NYU Depth V2 and SUN RGB-D dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DTTNet against state-of-the-art methods. DTTNet can potentially optimize depth perception in intelligent systems such as automated driving and video surveillance applications, computational photography, and augmented reality. The source code is available at https://github.com/shreyaskamathkm/DTTNet


This paper is all about the advanced technology of 3D printing, their implementation in the respective fields and its significant contribution in the global world of science and medical. In this paper we will deal with the term Additive Manufacturing or 3D Printing and a little bit of its history. Its various applications along with the type of materials used in the 3-D are also described. We shall also throw some light on the numerous opportunities provided by this emerging technology as well as the risks and challenges related to it. Its environmental aspects are also shown in the paper. Lastly the scope and scenario in future potential of 3D printing is also evaluated.


The invention provides a mechanism used for cutting off a side gate in a mold automatically and suitable for an injection mold. The injection mold comprises a front mold and a rear mold. The front mold and the rear mold are matched to form a matching body, and the matching body is provided with a mold cavity for plastics to be manufacture into a product. The mechanism comprises the side gate arranged in the matching body and a gate insert. The side gate comprises a gate and a runner, the gate is in a shape of a corner, one end of the corner is inclined to the mold cavity, the gate insert and the gate are matched with each other, and the gate insert is provided with a separating portion for separating the gate and the product. By arranging the gate in a shape of a corner and the gate insert matched with the gate, the separating portion on the gate insert is easy to separate the gate and the product in cutting mode during mold releasing, cutting precision is high, and cutting marks are avoided effectively. In addition, the mechanism is simple in structure and synchronous with mold releasing operation and guarantees machining efficiency of injection molding well.


Highway culture is an important symbol of the comprehensive power of highway industry.This paper tries to expound the cultural implications of Hubei highway industry and its development through discussing the implications of "culture","highway culture" and culture of highway industry in Hubei province.


We review briefly the electrodynamics of a superconductor to show that experimental magnetic penetration depth data could be compared directly to theory in studying the pairing symmetry of a superconducting state, in bothlocal and nonlocal limit of electrodynamics. The superfluid density could be used only in the local limit.


Significance We show CD1d-restricted natural killer (NK)T cells have distinct metabolic profiles compared with CD4+ conventional T cells. Mature NKT cells have poor fatty acid oxidation and exhibit reduced mitochondrial respiratory reserve in the steady state. In addition, NKT cell development is more sensitive to alterations in mitochondrial electron transport chain function than conventional T cells. Using T cell-specific mitochondrial complex III ablation in mice, we further demonstrate that mitochondrial metabolism plays a crucial role in NKT cell development and function by modulating T cell receptor/interleukin-15 signaling and NFAT activity. Collectively, our data provide evidence for a critical role of mitochondrial metabolism in NKT cell development and activation, opening a new avenue for NKT cell-based immunotherapy by manipulating NKT cell metabolism. Conventional T cell fate and function are determined by coordination between cellular signaling and mitochondrial metabolism. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are an important subset of "innate-like" T cells that exist in a preactivated effector state, and their dependence on mitochondrial metabolism has not been previously defined genetically or in vivo. Here, we show that mature iNKT cells have reduced mitochondrial respiratory reserve and iNKT cell development was highly sensitive to perturbation of mitochondrial function. Mice with T cell-specific ablation of Rieske iron-sulfur protein (RISP; T-Uqcrfs1−/−), an essential subunit of mitochondrial complex III, had a dramatic reduction of iNKT cells in the thymus and periphery, but no significant perturbation on the development of conventional T cells. The impaired development observed in T-Uqcrfs1−/− mice stems from a cell-autonomous defect in iNKT cells, resulting in a differentiation block at the early stages of iNKT cell development. Residual iNKT cells in T-Uqcrfs1−/− mice displayed increased apoptosis but retained the ability to proliferate in vivo, suggesting that their bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands were not compromised. However, they exhibited reduced expression of activation markers, decreased T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and impaired responses to TCR and interleukin-15 stimulation. Furthermore, knocking down RISP in mature iNKT cells diminished their cytokine production, correlating with reduced NFATc2 activity. Collectively, our data provide evidence for a critical role of mitochondrial metabolism in iNKT cell development and activation outside of its traditional role in supporting cellular bioenergetic demands.


1) The decomposition of both ammonia and hydrazine were carried out under high frequency discharge and the effects of frequency on the chemical reactions were investigated. The frequencies of electric current were 100 and 250 MC. 2) The effects of frequency appeared clearly on the decomposition of hydrazine: under 100 MC frequency discharge the decomposition was a 1st order reaction, while under 250 MC it was approximately zero order reaction, and the overall reaction was retarded moderately by the hydrogen produced in the course of the reaction. 3) As for the decomposition of ammonia, in any case, the reactions were retarded by hydrogen. Under 100 MC frequency discharge the reaction was 1st order, while under 250 MC it was a fractional order reaction.


The C-axis of the Co-based permanent magnet films tends to grow gradually toward perpendicular direction as the film thickness increases. Reported here is a novel way to solve this problem. That is to laminate the Co-based hard magnet films with thin soft magnetic films. The effects of soft film underlayer and lamination, on the magnetic properties of CoPt films has been studied and reported here. Three types of soft magnetic material NiFe, NiFeRe and FeAlSi were chosen to conduct the experiments. Amorphous thin soft sendust film was found to meet the goal. It is found that there was a dramatic improvement of the in-plane loop squareness by inserting a 100 /spl Aring/ amorphous FeAlSi film into the 1200 /spl Aring/ CoPt film. The squareness (S) and the remnant magnetization thickness product (MrT) of the CoPt film (1200 /spl Aring/) without soft FeAlSi film lamination are 0.27 and 3.0 memu/cm/sup 2/, respectively, while the S and the MrT of the CoPt film (1200 /spl Aring/) with soft FeAlSi lamination are 0.60 and 6.32 memu/cm/sup 2/, respectively. Multi-lamination is possible if thick CoPt film is required in applications.


Testing of thick sandwich composite structures is an important and challenging issue. Standard nondestructive testing (NDT) methods are not always capable of testing these structures for the presence of thin disbonds and delaminations. However, near field microwave NDT methods have shown great potential for this purpose. Although these methods are very sensitive to the presence of thin disbonds and delaminations, they are also very sensitive to changes in the standoff distance. This change can be produced as a result of the scanning procedure, surface roughness or slowly changing undulations associated with a composite specimen. This paper presents the results of an investigation in which complex sandwich composites with authentic anomalous regions were used, as well as the development of a microwave testing system capable of automatically eliminating the adverse influence of standoff distance and surface roughness changes. Results produced at a frequency of 23.8 GHz showed many of the indications to be easily detected including a very thin disband, delamination in foam core and impact damage. In addition, the versatility of this system to be successfully applied to very thick and relatively thinner composite structures is also demonstrated. The overall approach and its subsequent results are presented in this paper.


Starch is the major storage carbohydrate in higher plants, with many important functions. In photosynthesizing leaves, starch accumulates during the day and is remobilized at night to support continued respiration, Suc export, and growth in the dark ([Geiger and Servaites, 1994][1]). In this context


In this day and age of advance innovation, we are running over different new standards of innovation. IOT is one of the most discussed among them in the business. Web of Things is affecting our way of life and is getting quickest developing innovation. IOT give framework to ongoing items and furthermore help in keeping track about these articles. In IOT gadgets are associated keenly so they can share information, assets with different machines. IOT utilizes different sorts of sensors implanted in different gadgets which transmit information. These sensors share information utilizing IOT regular stage. These stages gathers information from different sources and afterward further investigation are performed on information and fundamental data is extricated at long last the outcome is shared. This examination article involves significance of IOT, attributes, fundamental necessities of IOT and its applications. The principle objective of this paper is to give review of the advancement and use of Internet of Things (IOT), its models and advantages just as hindrances.


Methionine production by a mutant strain of Corynebacterium lilium was studied at different dilution rates and different dissolved oxygen concentrations, based on a statistical central composite design. The effect of dissolved oxygen levels between 2 % and 60 % and dilution rate levels between 0.04 to 0.29 on continuous production of methionine was studied. The process is described by the Leudeking‐Piret model. The experimentally obtained maxima for methionine and biomass productivities, observed at the same dilution rate of 0.17 h–1, also corresponds to the theoretical prediction based on this model. This experimental observation is further supported by the surface response prediction of a dilution rate of 0.16 h–1 for maximum methionine productivity and 0.15 h–1 for cell mass productivity. Also, beyond the critical value of 30 % dissolved oxygen, the apparent benefits of oxygen transfer become less significant.


Two adsorbents for fluoride ion removal were developed from dried orange juice residue (DOJR) after loading Ce(III) and Ce(IV) in this study. The characterization of adsorbents was done by an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopy and chemical analysis. The experimental results indicated that the fluoride removal efficiency of both the adsorbents was influenced significantly by pH and the optimum operating pH was found to be 4. The equilibrium data were well fitted with Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity of Ce(III)-DOJR and Ce(IV)-DOJR for fluoride were evaluated to be 0.67 and 1.22 mmol/g, respectively. Leakage of cerium from Ce(IV)-DOJR was negligible for trace concentration of fluoride but it was significant for high concentration of fluoride at pH below 3 resulting fluoride precipitation. Therefore, cerium-loaded DOJR investigated in this study can be considered as an efficient, environmentally benign and promising alternative for the treatment of fluoride contaminated with trace amount of fluoride ion.


The review is a rather bold attempt to reduce the problem of chronic muscle pain to one single mechanism, namely, hypoperfusion of muscle caused by agonist-induced desensitization of 2-adrenoreceptors. The authors are correct in emphasizing the fact that many of the published studies on chronic muscle pain have serious flaws in that they do not define the inclusion criteria for patients and control subjects (if control subjects are included at all) and do not evaluate the data double-blind. I am glad that this message was put so clearly in the review, even though it may not be of big help to the reader. Considering the different (partly contradictory) results of many of these articles, it is hard to imagine that the same phenomena were studied. The authors of the review weigh carefully all possible pros and cons of a particular hypothesis or mechanism, but often it is impossible to give a conclusive answer, because the data on the same subject are too different. The authors try to find a way out of the dilemma by looking for a unifying factor that appears to be relatively constant in the majority of the studies, and they offer muscle hypoperfusion as a general causal mechanism for chronic muscle pain.


Let D ⊆ Rd, d ≥ 2 be the unbounded domain above the graph of a bounded Lipschitz function. We study the asymptotic behavior of the transition density pD(t, x, y) of killed Brownian motions in D and show that limt→∞ t d+2 2 pD(t, x, y) = C1u(x)u(y), where u is a minimal harmonic function corresponding to the Martin point at infinity and C1 is a positive constant.


Fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs) have gained rapid acceptance in aerospace and automotive structural health monitoring applications for the measurement of strain, stress, vibration, acoustics, acceleration, pressure, temperature, moisture, and corrosion distributed at multiple locations within the structure using a single fiber element. The most prominent advantages of FBGs are: small size and light weight, multiple FBG transducers on a single fiber, and immunity to radio frequency interference. A major disadvantage of FBG technology is that conventional state-of-the-art fiber Bragg grating interrogation systems are typically bulky and heavy bench top instruments that are assembled from off-the-shelf fiber optic and optical components integrated with a signal electronics board into an instrument console. Based on the need for a compact FBG interrogation system, this paper describes recent progress towards the development of a miniature fiber Bragg grating sensor interrogator (FBG-TransceiverTM) system based on multi-channel integrated optic sensor (InOSense) microchip technology. The hybrid InOSense microchip technology enables the integration of all of the functionalities, both passive and active, of conventional bench top FBG sensor interrogators systems, packaged in a miniaturized, low power operation, 2-cm x 5-cm small form factor (SFF) package suitable for the long-term structural health monitoring in applications where size, weight, and power are critical for operation. The sponsor of this program is NAVAIR under a DOD SBIR contract.


Traditional watershed algorithm' ability to inhibit noise is not that strong, so causing regional minima and leading to over-segmentation. So a watershed image segmentation algorithm based on the nonlinear combination morphology filter has been put forward. First of all, we define the nonlinear combination morphology filter with opening-closing operators and closing-opening operators for image filtering; Secondly, we design a new morphology watershed algorithm with inner and external marks, and also define the regional minima to inner marks from the low frequency components of the gradients and external marks between the region, the inner and external marks changes along with the image information, thus has realized the adaptive image segmentation. Simulation results show that the new algorithm can reduce over-segmentation arising from false local minima in a gradient image which is caused by the noise, which could accurately realize the image segmentation.


1 HIS NUMBER of t h e REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH i s t h e f o u r t h t o be devoted to finance and business administration; previous issues appeared in April 1932, April 1935, and April 1938. This number follows the same general plan as previous numbers, but there are changes in the title and contents of some of the chapters. This is the first number in which a chapter has been devoted to the administration of school transportation (Chapter IX) . A separate chapter has been set aside for the legal aspects of finance and business administration (Chapter X I I ) . Chapter VII, for the first time, attempts to cover fully the important field of school credit regulation including the management of school securities. In Chapter X an effort has been made to treat supply management more comprehensively than previously. Material relating to higher education has been included in various chapters instead of in a separate chapter. The chapter on salary scheduling, which has appeared in previous numbers of this series, is omitted from this number since it is now included in the issue of Teacher Personnel (June 1940). The literature cited, as in previous numbers, includes significant related researches by other than educational authorities, particularly when there appeared to be conflicts in the findings and conclusions.


Abortion in sheep and goats is one of the most important reproductive problems that affect small ruminants breeding. Non-infectious factors and infectious agents such as bacterial, viral, mycotic and parasitic infectious agents can cause abortion in sheep and goats. A high rate of abortion (43.75%) was observed in two sheep flocks in Niğde Province in Turkey during the lambing season in 2016. To determine the reason of abortion, aborted sheep foetuses (n = 3) and EDTA whole blood samples (n = 3) from mother of the foetuses were collected from two sheep flocks. Aborted foetuses and buffy coat cells of the EDTA whole blood samples were used for total nucleic acid extraction. Extracted nucleic acids were analysed for akabane virus (AKAV), bluetongue virus (BTV), peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), pestiviruses, Schmallenberg virus (SBV), Brucella spp., Chlamydophila abortus (C. abortus), Coxiella burnetii and Listeria monocytogenes. Border disease virus (BDV) RNA and C. abortus DNA were detected in three aborted sheep foetuses whereas other investigated infectious agents were not detected. Additionally, EDTA whole blood samples from mother of the foetuses were also found BDV positive. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report on BDV and C. abortus co-infection in aborted sheep foetuses.


According to the published nucleotide sequence of potato virus X (PVX), the non-translational movement protein gene (681 bp in length) and the non-translational PVX coat protein (CP) gene (714 bp in length) of PVX were synthesized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The synthesized cDNAs were then introduced into the plant expression vector pROKⅡ. The recombinant binary vectors of pROKⅡ-p25 and pROKⅡ-CP were introduced into (tobacco) (NC89) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. The transformed tissues were selected in the presence of Kanamycin, and the regenerated plants were screened by PCR. Seventy-eight and eighty-three plants transformed with PVX-p25 and PVX-CP, respectively, were obtained. Resistance test indicated that 31 and 11 of the plants transformed with PVX-p25 and PVX-CP, respectively, were highly resistant to PVX infection. The proportions of disease resistance were 39.7% and 13.3%, respectively. Molecular evaluation and disease resistance assay demonstrated that the resistance mediated by both cDNAs was RNA-mediated virus resistance. The results also imply that PVX-p25 is more effective in evoking RNA-mediated resistance than PVX-CP in transformed plants.


The present invention relates to a method for producing a substrate having a surface with improved water repellency and water repellent durability surface. In detail the present invention by after coating the water-repellent layer on the substrate by etching the water-repellent layer to form a nano projection, to give a water-repellent layer with an anti-reflective and water repellent property to the surface without the coating according to Nano projection shape of the substrate surface It can be characterized in that. According to the present invention can maintain the water repellency to the water-repellent layer formed when the projection is fully nano wear can greatly improve the durability of the water repellent surface.


In our previous reports, Wuzhi tablet (an herbal preparation of ethanol extract of Wuweizi (Schisandra sphenanthera)) can significantly increase the blood concentration of tacrolimus and paclitaxel in rats by inhibiting the CYP3A‐mediated metabolism and the P‐gp‐mediated efflux. Cyclosporin A (CsA), a well‐known immunosuppressant agent, is also a substrate of CYP3A and P‐gp. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether and how WZ affects pharmacokinetics of CsA in rats. The AUC0–48h and Cmax of CsA were increased by 40.1% and 13.1%, respectively, with a single oral co‐administration of WZ and high dose of CsA (37.8 mg/kg). Interestingly, after a single oral co‐administration of WZ and low dose of CsA (1.89 mg/kg), the AUC0–36 h and Cmax of CsA were dramatically increased by 293.1% (from 1103.2 ± 293.0 to 4336.5 ± 1728.3 ng.h/mL; p < 0.05) and 84.1% (from 208.5 ± 67.9 to 383.1 ± 92.5 ng/mL; p < 0.05), respectively. The CL/F was decreased from 1.7 L/h/kg to 0.5 L/h/kg. Thus, the effect of WZ on high dose of CsA was not significant, but pharmacokinetic parameters of CsA at low dose were significantly influenced by co‐administration of WZ. The herb–drug interaction should be taken into consideration at this situation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The sublimation of chromic oxide, Cr2O3, has been observed in vacuum by the Langmuir technique using induction and solar heating. Extensive sublimation did not yield any new phases on the basis of X-ray powder studies, and condensates of Cr2O3 were always obtained. Flash vaporization and flow experiments in CO or O2 atmospheres and in vacuum indicated no appreciable differences in rates of sublimation. Weight-loss experiments showed that the rate of sublimation was slightly higher than predicted for decomposition to the elements and suggested that small amounts of complex molecules, e.g. CrO and CrO2, were also present in the equilibrium vapor.


: Amazon's fictional representation, from a foreign or native perspective, is expressed through a complex semiotic network that combines the allegorical literary discourse with the common sense's fanciful imaginary. In some cases, the fictional representation can contribute to build and reinforce preconceptions and stereotypes about the Amazon and its people, hiding or restricting the complex Amazonian's natural and social realities. The first literary works that focused on the Brazilian Amazon, in an attempt to 'unveil and explain its mysteries', are based on positivist principles and related to realist-naturalist literary tradition in vogue in the 19th and 20th century. Rangel's "Inferno Verde" (1908) is part of that tradition. The book, by proposing to offer a realistic representation of the Amazon, may have contributed to spread an 'infernal vision about the region and a somewhat diminishing idea of its inhabitants. We discuss "Inferno Verde" taking into consideration the ideological basis of its paratextual organization (Genette, 2009), which support this so-called 'topophobia' towards the Amazon. In addition, we reflect on how a misinterpreted fictional world (Stierle, 1980; Schmid, 2010) may have allowed the permanence of misconceptions and stereotypes about the region. do


The sections in this article are

1
Preliminaries

2
More Basic Concepts

3
Basic Linear-Algebra Concepts

4
Least-Squares Curve Fitting

5
The General Linear Least-Squares Problem

6
Solving the Linear Least-Squares Problem

7
Weighted Least Squares

8
Polynomial Fitting and Spline Interpolation

9
Nonlinear Least Squares

10
Sequential Least Squares

11
Predictive Least Squares

12
The Bootstrap Method


The authors of this paper who have contributed to the extensive monograph Diex - Sonnendorf auf der Saualpe, Celovec/Klagenfurt, 1995, have drawn on its findings and the literature quoted in it, also including the findings of Slovene scholars and the results of the 1994 project by Graz students who have minutely measured and sketched the Djekse fort complex with the presbytery, and the mill on the Djekse brook near Zgornji Lobnik. The Djekse commune is located at the edge of the Slovene-German language border and is made up of villages. The demographic picture in all its segments shows a dramatic slide downward. Djekse displays all the features of an agrarian commune in a border area: an above average decline of births coupled with strong migration. In 1890 the commune had 2077 residents; in 1995 there were only 958. In this century the language picture in Djekse has also undergone radical changes. According to 1880 statistics 96% of the population (or 1702 people) was Slovene-speaking, and only 4% (or 75 people) German-speaking. By 1991 the percentage of German-speaking villagers had risen to 85.9%; Slovene is the language of communication for only 11.2%, while 2.9% opted for the windisch variant. Djekse, on the southern slope of Svinska planina, is a treasure trove of old folk songs, both Slovene and German. In the old days, mostly Slovene folk songs were sung. Some ancient handicrafts have been preserved in the villages. While in the old days farmers in remote mountain villages used to make with their own hands whatever was needed on the farm, nowadays only shinglers still practice their trade. Lately there has been a revival of milling. An example, complete with drawings and blueprints, is the Zgornji Lobnik mill, which was renovated in 1995 and 1996. This is a structure in which precious elements of folk farm architecture have been preserved. The architectural descriptions focus on the fort, a first comprehensive presentation of the measured fort complex i


OF THESIS DUAL LOX/COX INHIBITION: A NOVEL STRATEGY TO PREVENT NEUROVASCULAR LEAKAGE IN EPILEPSY Epilepsy affects 3.4 million patients in the USA and is characterized by recurring seizures. The blood-brain barrier is leaky in epilepsy and may contribute to seizure progression but the mechanisms which cause this leakage are not fully understood. We hypothesized that seizures trigger LOXand COX-mediated blood-brain barrier leakage and that dual LOX/COX inhibition prevents barrier leakage in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we administered either the dual LOX/COX inhibitor licofelone or a combination of the 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton and the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib to rats that experienced status epilepticus (SE). Serum and brain capillaries were isolated 48 hours after SE and serum S100β levels were measured and Texas Red leakage rates were determined. Dual inhibition of 5-LOX and COX prevented serum S100β elevations observed in SE rats in a dose-dependent manner with licofelone. Inhibition of 5-LOX and COX-2 with zileuton and celecoxib completely prevented serum S100β elevation. Texas Red leakage rates for SE rats were also reduced in a dose-depended manner with licofelone and reduced to control rates with zileuton and celecoxib. These data support our hypothesis that seizure-induced blood-brain barrier leakage is mediated by LOX and COX, and inhibition of these enzymes prevents barrier leakage.


Since December 2019 the world has known about a
viral pneumonia in a populous city in China, and by
the first month of 2020 the outbreak of COVID-19
had been recognized, a viral disease produced by
a coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, a month later it was
declared a global pandemic. On March 13, 2020,
the presence of COVID-19 was officially declared in
Venezuela. This investigation includes the analysis of
the main epidemiological characteristics of this disease
in Venezuela, breaking down the information from the
variables of time, space, and person. It concludes
the study with comments on how an epidemiological
outbreak control program should work.


In this work, we present a study on the magnetic properties of Joule-heated CoFeSiB glass-covered amorphous microwires under applied stress. A comparison between the magnetic properties of four samples is made: (i) as cast, Joule-heated under (ii) dc current or ac current of (iii) 100 Hz or (iv) 500 Hz. The stress modifies the anisotropy and the domain structure in such a way that it can be studied through magnetoimpedance measurements and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) dispersion relations (DR) extracted from them. From the fitting of the FMR DR, the magnitude and the orientation of the transverse anisotropy field, as well as an insight into the micromagnetic structure of the microwires were obtained. It was concluded that longitudinal anisotropy dominates the microwire behaviour under zero stress. By applying an increasing stress to the microwires, the inner core with longitudinal anisotropy is surrounded by two concentric outer shells with almost circumferential anisotropies. These magnetic configurations can be explained in terms of the residual stress arising from the wire's manufacturing procedure and the additional applied stress.


In article questions of a reconstruction of system of preventive maintenance of offences in the country are considered, the basic directions of preventive activity are analyzed, problems of functioning of system of preventive maintenance of offences reveal.


Hydroids in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, were studied on five hard-bottom transects along gradients of environmental conditions from the glacier at the fjord's head to the fjord's mouth at depth-range 0–30 m. Hydrozoa colonies are widely distributed on rock and gravel substrata in Kongsfjorden. In general, however, hydroids are not dominant or subdominant in zoobenthic communities. The exception is Symplectoscyphus tricuspidatus var. acuminatus, colonies of which were sometimes abundant enough to determine the community structure and characteristics of benthic diversity. Of the 23 species recorded in this study, Laomedea flexuosa, Phialella quadrata and Halecium tenellum as well as representatives of family Stylasteridae were recorded from Svalbard waters for the first time. Hydroid diversity was highest in the zoobenthic community structured by branched bryozoans. The abundance and distribution of hydroids were reduced, to some extent, in the inner part of the fjord compared to the outer fjord. Species richness of hydroids was high at shallow depths, decreased at around 15 m and then increased again to 30 m depth. Species with Low-boreal–Arctic and Panoceanic distributional ranges were the most frequently occurring species. Depth, type of background substratum and amount of silt on its surface were the main factors influencing hydroid distribution. Description of all recorded taxa distributions together with data on their habitat and associations in zoobenthic communities are presented in an Appendix.


Identification of a novel post-translational modification (PTM) for a target protein, defining its physiologic role and studying its potential cross-talk with other PTMs is a challenging process. A set of highly sensitive tools termed as Signal-Seeker kits was developed, which enables rapid and simple detection of PTMs on any target protein. The methodology for these tools utilizes affinity purification of modified proteins from a cell or tissue lysate, and immunoblot analysis. These tools utilize a single lysis system that is effective at identifying endogenous, dynamic PTM changes, as well as the potential cross-talk between PTMs. As a proof-of-concept experiment, the acetylation (Ac), tyrosine phosphorylation (pY), SUMOylation 2/3, and ubiquitination (Ub) profiles of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR)–Ras–c-Fos axis were examined in response to EGF stimulation. All ten previously identified PTMs of this signaling axis were confirmed using these tools, and it also identified Ac as a novel modification of c-Fos. This axis in the EGF/EGFR signaling pathway was chosen because it is a well-established signaling pathway with proteins localized in the membrane, cytoplasmic, and nuclear compartments that ranged in abundance from 4.18 × 108 (EGFR) to 1.35 × 104 (c-Fos) molecules per A431 cell. These tools enabled the identification of low abundance PTMs, such as c-Fos Ac, at 17 molecules per cell. These studies highlight how pervasive PTMs are, and how stimulants like EGF induce multiple PTM changes on downstream signaling axis. Identification of endogenous changes and potential cross-talk between multiple PTMs for a target protein or signaling axis will provide regulatory mechanistic insights to investigators.


Objective To discuss a minimally invasive surgical method to treat unstable tibia fracture.Methods Minimally invasive percutaneous plate technique(MIPPO) was used to treat 46 cases of unstable tibia fracture assisted with self-designed distractor.Results According to AO classification,5 cases were type A,11 cases were type B and 30 cases were type C.All the patients were followed up for 4 to 18 months(average 12 months).X ray test showed osteotylus was presented after 4-8 weeks(average 6 weeks);the time of bone union was 2 to 10 months(average 4 months).No infection occurred.Conclusion Minimally invasive plate percutaneous osteosynthesis assisted with distractor can reduce disturbing vascularization of bone fragment,accelerate bone healing and reduce complication,which more accords with biological osteosynthesis.


IN 2006, THE ARGENTINE JOURNAL LA INTEMPERIE PUBLISHED A LETTER BY THE philosopher Oscar del Barco in which he condemns the use of violence by Leftist groups in the 1960s and 1970s in Argentina. An avowed Leftist himself, del Barco proposes that the political Left should accept responsibility for the violence perpetrated by armed revolutionary groups in the 1960s and 1970s. He invokes Emmanuel Levinas's appeal to the Biblical imperative "Thou shalt not kill," and claims that this imperative forms the basis of every community:


: Micro and small business is an entity that is privately owned and operated, with a small number of employees and relatively low volume of sales. The term MSE incorporates firms in both the formal and informal sectors. The main purpose of this study is to critically evaluate the loan repayment performance of privately owned small-scale enterprises financed by Omo Micro Finance Institution and to investigate the major determinants behind their loan recovery record and to examine the impact of the identified factors on the loan repayment performance of Micro and Small Enterprises credit scheme. In this study both descriptive and causal type of the Research design is used Population comprised of Borrowers of 278 Micro and Small Enterprises of Omo micro finance in Wolaita Sodo town. Stratified Random sampling is used. the first stage, by stratified sampling 164 MSEs were selected based on the pre-determined scientific method from five different sectors of enterprise organization in the sector from the town. For the study Primary as well as secondary data had been used. Structured questionnaire had been used to collect first hand data from small and micro enterprises through field survey. The data collected from the field were analyzed using the descriptive statistical tools like percentages, mean and standard deviation. In addition, the regression model (multiple regression models) had been used to analyze the loan repayment performance of the micro and small enterprises. The variables are Beneficiary size of the enterprises, business related experience, loan size, loan supervision, loan initiation and suitability of repayment situation. The evidences of both descriptive analysis and multiple regression show that business related experience is found to be one of the major determinants adversely affecting the loan repayment performance.The informal sector will benefit from the study findings by understanding the reasons why financial institutions are not able to meet some of their financial demands whilst having pending loan repayment cases from their sector. The study is expected to stimulate more research on factors that influence loan repayment in other sectors of the economy and develop ways in which loan repayment rates can be improved


Classical and quantum mechanical treatments of the work function of metals are reviewed and compared. The complex quantum mechanical treatment of Wigner and Bardeen is shown to reduce to our simple semiclassical result W = ~ (1/2) V where W is the work function and V is the ionization energy of the corresponding atom. Our simple result has many desirable features: (1) The direct proportionality between the ionization energy of atoms and their corresponding metallic crystal is explicitly established. (2) This simple ex- pression is surprisingly accurate. (3) A generic dependence of the ionization energy upon the size of particles has been established, which has been subsequently confirmed by experiments. (4) More subtle effects such as the dependence of the work function on crystallographic orientation can also be described within this simple framework. (5) The results have been extended to insulators. (6) The results have been used to describe various charge exchange phenomena.


Medical research and health care delivery is in a state of transition—and uncertainty. The initial disquiet following the introduction of evidence-based decision making almost two decades ago [1,2] has given rise to a more profound angst as researchers, health care analysts, and insurers all struggle with the imperative of defining which treatments are simultaneously efficacious, effective, and efficient. Vaguely defined terms such as health utility indices, together with a dazzling array of initialisms—ICER (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio), HRQoL (health-related quality-of-life), SCB (substantial clinical benefit), and CEACs (cost-effectiveness acceptability curves)—leave most of us numb. Meanwhile, the cry for evidence grows louder.

Traditionally, placebo randomized controlled trials (P-RCTs) have been held as the gold standard for determining if a particular treatment is efficacious . However, by necessity, placebo controlled trials often involve short-term follow-up, and are costly and difficult to perform, particularly with invasive treatments. RCTs are also criticized as representing an idealized patient population—one that is rarely, if ever, seen in routine clinical practice.

On the other hand, despite being currently fashionable, comparative effectiveness research (CER) is far from ideal. Comparative effectiveness research attempts to prove whether or not a particular treatment is effective in the "real world." But CER is heterogeneous, running the spectrum from data mining of existing databases (Medicare, Ingenix, and others) to observational studies to formal registries. The most legitimate method involves using large registries; however, collecting registry data is particularly difficult and expensive, and the resulting datasets are often incomplete [3].

Most recently, the concept of value in spine care has been touted [4–6]. Commonly defined as quality/cost, value attempts to go beyond mere proof of efficacy and effectiveness, to examine the efficiency of a treatment. Despite being discussed for decades, this field is still …


Background: MRI is the imaging modality of choice for diagnosing brain infarction. Because of few or atypical clinical symptoms and a relatively low sensitivity of CT scans, many cerebellar infarctions may be detected only with MRI. With adequate recognition of cerebellar infarction on MRI and prompt initiation or optimisation of preventive therapeutic measures, more dramatic strokes may be avoided in selected cases. Summary: We first briefly review the clinical presentation of cerebellar infarctions, followed by a short refresher on cerebellar anatomy and pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebellar infarcts. Then, we review the arterial cerebellar perfusion territories recently made visible with territorial arterial spin labeling (ASL), followed by a discussion and illustration of the MRI appearance of cerebellar infarcts in different stages. Similar to large cerebellar infarcts, recent studies investigating volumetric MRI datasets have now shown that small cerebellar infarcts occur in typical spatial patterns, knowledge of which may help in the diagnosis of even the smallest of cerebellar infarcts on MRI. Key Messages: MRI is the modality of choice for diagnosing cerebellar infarction. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)-territories can be visualised with super-selective territorial ASL MRI. The Received: October 10, 2016 Accepted: December 17, 2016 Published online: January 18, 2017 Laurens J.L. De Cocker Department of Radiology, Kliniek Sint-Jan Kruidtuinlaan 32 BE–1000 Brussels (Belgium) E-Mail laurens_de_cocker @ hotmail.com © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel


Description of Procedure or Service Populations Interventions Comparators Outcomes Individuals:  With signs and symptoms of bladder cancer or a history of bladder cancer Interventions of interest are:  Urinary tumor marker tests Comparators of interest are:  Cytology  Cystoscopy  Biopsy Relevant outcomes include:  Overall survival  Disease-specific survival  Test accuracy  Test validity  Resource utilization Individuals:  With no signs or symptoms or history of bladder cancer Interventions of interest are:  Urinary tumor marker tests Comparators of interest are:  No bladder cancer screening Relevant outcomes include:  Overall survival  Disease-specific survival  Test accuracy  Test validity


Biopesticides are mainly regulated within the conventional pesticide regulatory system. In the United States, pesticides are regulated by federal and state authorities, but largely undertaken at the federal level-EPA where a division dedicated to biopesticide is established. In the European Union, with the pesticides registration involving both European Commission and state member governments, the complexity of registration retarded the commercialization of products, yet new regulations are expected to promote the industry development. In Japan, the regulatory system is a relative simple than the other two. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries coordinates the approval of pesticides registration, while related standards are provided by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) and the Ministry of the Environment. In this article, the biopesticides regulatory systems in the US, EU and Japan are introduced for the reference of the public sector and industry.


A prospective longitudinal study relating obstetric factors to persisting heart rate alterations in infants was performed. 101 mature AGA infants were examined at two weeks, two months, four months of age. Basic heart rate and short-term heart rate variability were assessed at each appointment. Infants delivered by caesarean section did not differ psychophysiological from infants delivered spontaneously. Infants with lower umbilical pH. however, showed a consistently higher heart rate (p=0.01) at 4 months postnatal, also, they had a lower short-term heart rate variability (RMSSD) (p=0.006). The results are discussed in view of the data existing for chronic placental dysfunction causing persistent alterations in infant heart rate, indicating that not only infants small for gestational age, but also infants suffering from acute perinatal hypoxia may be at risk of developing a metabolic syndrome or developmental alterations associated with persisting psychophysiological disturbances.


The effects of replacing concentrate with soybean curd residue silage on the plasma leucine (Leu) and glucose turnover rates (LeuTR and GluTR) of sheep were evaluated using an isotope dilution method of [113 C]Leu and [U- 13 C]glucose. The ruminal characteristics and nitrogen (N) balance of the sheep were also determined. The sheep were fed two diets in a crossover experiment for 21 days. The first diet consisted of 80% mixed hay and 20% commercial concentrate (CON diet), and the second diet consisted of 80% mixed hay and 20% soybean curd residue silage (SCRS diet), on a dry matter basis for both diets. The primed-continuous infusion method of [1- 13 C]Leu and [U- 13 C]glucose was performed on day 21. The N absorption, N retention, and N digestibility did not differ between the diets. Furthermore, the ruminal total volatile fatty acid concentration did not differ, but the molar concentration of propionate was significantly higher (P=0.02) in the sheep fed the SCRS diet than the CON diet. The plasma LeuTR and GluTR were comparable between the diets. The results showed that soybean curd residue silage could be comparable with commercial concentrate on ruminal fermentation as well as on the plasma Leu and glucose kinetics. Thus, soybean curd residue silage could be used to replace commercial concentrate in the diet of sheep.


The article reveals succession of steps for modeling of discharge development process within a discharge block of a rotor ozonizer for the purpose of determining of stationary ozone concentration.


Traditional social group analysis mostly uses interaction models, event models, or other social network analysis methods to identify and distinguish groups. This type of method can divide social participants into different groups based on their geographic location, social relationships, and/or related events. However, in some applications, it is necessary to make more specific restrictions on the members and the interactions between members of the group. Generally, Graph Pattern Matching (GPM) technique is used to solve this problem. However, the existing GPM methods rarely consider the rich contextual information of nodes and edges to measure the credibility between members. In this article, first, a social group query problem that needs to consider the trust between members of the group is proposed. Then, to solve this problem, a multi-fuzzy-constrained strong simulation matching model is proposed based on multi-constrained simulation, and a
 Strong Simulation
 GPM algorithm (NTSS) based on the exploration of pattern
 Node Topological
 ordered sequence is proposed. Aiming at the inefficiency of the NTSS algorithm when pattern graph with multiple nodes with zero in-degree and the problem of repeated calculation of matching edges shared by multiple matching subgraphs, two optimization strategies are proposed. Finally, we conduct verification experiments on the effectiveness and efficiency of the NTSS algorithm and the algorithms with the optimization strategies on four social network datasets in real applications. Experimental results show that the NTSS algorithm is significantly better than the existing multi-constrained GPM algorithm, and the NTSS_Inv_EdgC algorithm, which combines two optimization strategies, greatly improves the efficiency of the NTSS algorithm.