Background: The relevance of the cancer immune cycle in therapy response implies that successful treatment may trigger the exposure or the release of immunogenic signals. Previous results with the preclinical GL261 glioblastoma (GB) showed that combination treatment of temozolomide (TMZ) + CX-4945 (protein kinase CK2 inhibitor) outperformed single treatments, provided an immune-friendly schedule was followed. Our purpose was to study possible immunogenic signals released in vitro by GB cells. Methods: GL261 GB cells were treated with TMZ and CX-4945 at different concentrations (25 µM–4 mM) and time frames (12–72 h). Cell viability was measured with Trypan Blue and propidium iodide. Calreticulin exposure was assessed with immunofluorescence, and ATP release was measured with bioluminescence. Results: TMZ showed cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effects, while CX-4945 showed remarkable cytotoxic effects already at low concentrations. Calreticulin exposure after 24 h was detected with TMZ treatment, as well as TMZ/CX-4945 low concentration combined treatment. ATP release was significantly higher with CX-4945, especially at high concentrations, as well as with TMZ/CX-4945. Conclusions: combined treatment may produce the simultaneous release of two potent immunogenic signals, which can explain the outperformance over single treatments in vivo. A word of caution may be raised since in vitro conditions are not able to mimic pharmacokinetics observed in vivo fully.


Monash University Science Teaching and Learning (STAL) professional development program, made Emily Dennis realize that students should be given the opportunity to make decisions, which can be done by involving them in doing work. Deciding the tasks that students will have to do is also a major responsibility.


This study aimed to examine the relationship between organizational climate, employee personality and their intention to leave an organization in the Malaysian context. Four organizational climate dimensions were chosen for this study, i.e. structure, responsibility, rewards and support. Dominance and sociability were the personality dimensions chosen and its moderating effects were on the relationship between organizational climate and intention to leave. Study results revealed that organizational climate has a significant association with employees' intention to leave. All the four organizational climate dimensions had significant negative correlations with employees' intention to leave. Meanwhile, both the dominance and sociability personalities were found significantly moderating the relationship between organizational climate and employees' intention to leave. This study was therefore able to prove the hypotheses proposed and provide support to the existing theories.


This paper traced back to the origin of humanism,analyzed its connotation,and finally discussed its characteristics,pointing out that it not only advocates and praises human nature,but also reflects on and criticizes it.


vi CHAPTER I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Role of adenylosuccinate synthetase in purine metabolism 1 Kinetic and chemical mechanism of adenylosuccinate synthetase 2 Substrate specificity of adenylosuccinate synthetase 4 Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthetase 5 Structures of adenylosuccinate synthetase 7 Dynamic elements of the active site 8 Substrate-induced conformational changes 9 Structural aspects of the synthetase catalytic mechanism 10 Dissertation Organization 11 References 12 CHAPTER 2. RECOMBINANT MOUSE-MUSCLE ADENYLOSUCCINATE SYNTHETASE: OVER EXPRESSION, KINETICS, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE 18 Abstract 18 Introduction 18 Experimental Procedures 20 Results and Discussion 22 References 3018 Introduction 18 Experimental Procedures 20 Results and Discussion 22 References 30 CHAPTER 3. IMP, OTP AND 6-PHOSPHORYL-IMP COMPLEXES OF RECOMBINANT MOUSE-MUSCLE ADENYLOSUCCINATE SYNTHETASE 37 Abstract 37 Introduction 37 Materials and Methods 39 Results 40 Discussion 46 References 4937 Introduction 37 Materials and Methods 39 Results 40 Discussion 46 References 49


This thesis studied the dynamic relationship between the soil orgenic matter and enzymatic activity in chernozem.The smallest value of soil organic matter is in June(3.9%),the biggest value is in May(4.3%) and August(4.2%),the year\|mean variation scope of organic matter is 0.16%.The Path analysis indicated:7 kinds of soil enzymes directly and indirectly affect the variation of soil organic matter.The urease,dehydrogenase,cellulose,protease and catalase of 7 enzymes are important effect factors.


Objective To observe the effect of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(ePTFE) combined with fibrin sealant(FS) in prevention of fibrous scar formation in the epidural space after laminectomy.Methods According to the scheme of Latin square design,wide laminectomv was performed at 4 sections of spine in healthy adult New Zealand rabbit.And the exposed duras were covered with nothing(group A),ePTFE(group B),FS(group C) and ePTFE+FS(group D) respectively.Gross,histological and MRI observation of the vertebral laminae involved were carried out at 4 weeks postoperatively,to compare the situation of scar formation and adhesion in different groups.Results In group A,great amount of scar tissues were observed,especially behind of dura mater with severe adhesion.Group B was bad to prevent adhesion.The prevention of adhesion in group C was superior to that in group A and B,but was bad to that in group D.In group D,use of ePTFE with FS not only could prevent the scar extension into the spinal canal but also could prevent the adhesion of scar tissue to dura after laminectomy.Conclusion Use of ePTFE cooperated with FS has a better effect on prevention of peridural adhesion after laminectomv than use of ePTFE or FS alone.


The secondary veratrum alkamine, veratramine, has an action upon the response of the isolated sartorius muscle of the frog to electrical stimulation, which is qualitatively and quantitatively very similar to the well known action of quinine. Veratramine increases the height of the single twitch in concentrations (w/v) of 1:300,000 to 1:100,000. In concentrations of 1:30,000 and 1:10,000, the increase in twitch height is transient; the twitch decreases progressively and eventually the muscle no longer responds to the electrical stimulus. The "veratrine response", caused by veratridine 1:10 million or 1:5 million, is antagonized by veratramine 1:100,000, and the normal twitch is restored in a large percentage of the experiments.

Attention is drawn to other substances which—like quinine, quinidine and veratramine—are capable of antagonizing the "veratrine response", for example, the cardiac glycosides, ouabain and digoxin, and the ergot alkaloid, dihydroergotamine.


Look at how that Lib Dem surge was reported during the election campaign. It shows how tough it is to rely on judgement alone when trying to balance significance. It looked like a surge. The polls said it was a surge. It became a self-fulfilling prophecy that changed the way the debate was reported. Suddenly Clegg got more than a mention, more than parity. He got the spotlight. The 2nd and 3rd TV debates reinforced the Lib Dems and Change as the main narrative of the campaign rather than, say, the economy. And then on polling day the Lib Dem vote disappeared. I think the media should have been much more sceptical about who was surging to the Lib Dems and why. If it wasn't for the relative Tory failure and the hung parliament we would no longer be speaking of Mr Clegg except in terms of who was going to replace him as Lib Dem leader.


Exhaled breath condensate has been analyzed for its ionic content by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductometric detection. Two devices for exhaled breath condensate collection were compared. These include a tube-in-tube cooled sampler and a simple zip-lock bag. The devices allow collection of small volumes (100-200 mu L) of exhaled breath condensate in less than 2 min. A method for quick (less than 3 min) simultaneous determination of inorganic cations, inorganic anions and organic anions from the samples using dual-opposite end injection principle with a short fused silica capillary (35 cm, 50 mu m i.d.) was optimized with final background electrolyte composition of 20 mM 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid, 20 mM L-histidine, 30 mu M cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and 2 mM 18-crown-6 was used. It has been shown that changes of nitrite could be observed in acute inflammation of upper airways and in person with diagnosed mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, while the changes of other ions could also be observed.


O NE of the most important economic developments in thirteenth-century Europe was the large-scale penetration into the countries of north-western Europe by Italian business men.2 Their success was partly due to possession of more advanced financial and trading technique and the efficiency with which their enterprises were organized, but in the case of the more important Italian firms operating in France, the Netherlands and England, drawn in the second half of the thirteenth century mainly from the Tuscan cities of Siena, Lucca, Florence and Pistoia, it was based above all on the possession of large financial resources. The original capital came from the merchants who founded the companies, but as each company grew, an ever-increasing proportion of its funds came from deposits of third persons. Most of these firms were chiefly preoccupied with trade from which much of their profits derived, and financial dealings, including deposit banking, formed only one side of their activities. This aspect of Italian business, though of fundamental importance, is still comparatively little known.3 We know some general facts about the reasons for which deposits were made: preoccupation with safe keeping of money, desire of investment for profit and the need to facilitate one's financial operations and to' make payments without actually having to transfer cash were all operative. The way in which deposits were made and the legal problems connected with them have been much discussed.4 But we remain largely. ignorant about the actual derivation of most of the deposits. Did the bulk of the funds come from merchants interested in facilitating their financial operations rather than seeking safe investment? Was the money chiefly derived from Italy, and within Italy from Tuscany? To what extent were the financial and trading operations of the Italian firms in the countries of north-western Europe financed by money raised in those countries? The scarcity of readily available evidence has led some historians to adopt the view that the medieval Italian companies were financed mainly with


In the Daoist biographical sketches of Zhuangzi handed down from the Tang and Song period, we find a few new episodes added to Zhuangzi's life story that was first crafted by Sima Qian =P] }~!~ (145-86 BCE) in his Shiji. Among them the most noticeable are Zhuangzi's ascension to the Daoist heavens and imperial sanctification in the year of 742, during the Tang dynasty.! The episode of Zhuangzi's ascension to the heavens can be traced back to the Daoist recount of his life in the fourth century CE, first revealed as a secret message from the Daoist immortals to Yang Xi t18_ (330-387), the second great transmitter of the Upper Clarity Daoist scriptures (shangqing jing l::1Fi#~) at the time.2 According to this revelation, Zhuangzi was lifted up after consuming an elixir, and he was thereafter granted a position as Librarian of the Heaven of the Great Ultimate (taiji weibianlang *f?ffil1lJ*i~~).He first became a Transcendent (xianren {LilA) and later was promoted to a Perfected Master (zhenren _A). In contrast, Zhuangzi's imperial sanctification in the Tang is more or less a historical event, marking the culmination of a secular respect for Zhuangzi that had been in existence since the Wei-Jin period (220-420). It also serves as an official reaffirmation of Zhuangzi's transcendental status with the titles conferred upon him and the book that bears his name-the Perfected Master of Nanhua (nanhua zhenren l¥f~_A) and Nanhua zhenjing l¥f~~#~ (True Scripture ofNanhua).


We explore how the expectation values 〈ψ|A|ψ〉 of a largely arbitrary observable A are distributed when normalized vectors |ψ〉 are randomly sampled from a high-dimensional Hilbert space. Our analytical results predict that the distribution exhibits a very narrow peak of approximately Gaussian shape, while the tails significantly deviate from a Gaussian behavior. In the important special case that the eigenvalues of A satisfy Wigner's semicircle law, the expectation-value distribution for asymptotically large dimensions is explicitly obtained in terms of a large deviation function, which exhibits two symmetric nonanalyticities akin to critical points in thermodynamics.


Previous studies of the electroencephalograms of patients with delirium have demonstrated a close correlation between changes in the electrical activity of the brain and the level of consciousness, but no correlation with the more personal aspects of behavior, such as the character or expression of anxiety, the nature of sense deceptions or the content of thought.1 The earliest changes in the electroencephalogram consisted of a progressive decrease in the frequency to the 6 to 8 per second range. In cases of more severe delirium there were increasing irregularity, disruption of synchrony with the appearance of low voltage fast activity and, finally, development of much high voltage irregular, slow activity with a frequency of 2 to 6 cycles per second. The severity of the electroencephalographic changes was related to the intensity, duration and reversibility of the noxious factors involved and to the premorbid status of the central nervous system, but was more or less independent of the nature of the noxious agents. The electroencephalographic changes were found to be reversible to the extent to which the clinical delirium was reversible. This was true whether there was spontaneous recovery or whether certain physiologic or chem¬ ical derangements were specifically corrected, as by changes in posture, by administration of oxygen, dextrose, insulin or adrenal cortex ex¬ tract or by blood transfusion. The administration of alcohol is an easy means of producing an acute delirium which is rapidly reversible. This affords an opportunity for further study of the relation between the electro


Abstract : This research focuses on the current regulations and policies of the Republic of Korea (R.O.K.) governing specified contract types. The objectives of this research are: (1) to review the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) related to contract types; (2) to identify major elements for the selection of appropriate contract type; (3) to evaluate current R.O.K regulations and laws which define contract type application; (4) to compare the FAR with that of R.O.K. regulation; and (5) to recommend a proposal to change the R.O.K. regulations for best value procurement.


Children are growing up in a Machine Learning infused world and it's imperative to provide them with opportunities to develop an accurate understanding of basic Machine Learning concepts. Physical gesture recognition is a typical application of Machine Learning, and physical gestures are also an integral part of children's lives, including sports and play. We present Scratch Nodes ML, a system enabling children to create personalized gesture recognizers by: (1) Creating their own gesture classes; (2) Collecting gesture data for each class; (3) Evaluating the classifier they created with new gesture data; (4) Integrating their classifiers into the Scratch environment as new Scratch blocks, empowering other children to use these new blocks as gesture classifiers in their own Scratch creations.


The global stability problem for a class of linear switched positive time-varying delay systems (LSPTDSs) with interval uncertainties by means of a fast average dwell time (FADT) switching is analyzed in this paper. A distinctive feature of this research is that all subsystems are considered to be unstable. Both the continuous-time and the discrete-time cases of LSPTDSs with interval uncertainties and all unstable subsystems (AUSs) are investigated. By constructing a time-scheduled multiple copositive Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (MCLKF), novel sufficient conditions are derived within the framework of the FADT switching to guarantee such systems in the case of continuous-time to be globally uniformly exponentially stable. Based on the above approach, the corresponding result is extended to the discrete-time LSPTDSs including both interval uncertainties and AUSs. In addition, new stability criteria in an exponential sense are formulated for the studied systems without interval uncertainties. The efficiency and validity of the theoretical results are shown through simulation examples.


AMOLED display system based on external compensation and image data correction allows for accurate compensation for initial non‐uniformity, TFT instability and OLED aging and thereby maintaining high image quality throughout display usage cycle. We discuss implementation of key components of the system including pixel circuit, sensing scheme and compensation algorithm along with application examples and evaluation results.


Archie Brown emphasizes the need to make a clear distinction between the transformation of the Soviet system and the end of the Soviet state and also holds that "reform" of the system does not do justice to the extent of the change in the polity. In contradistinction to Cohen, he argues that to regard the pre-perestroika system as "communist" rather than "socialist" brings out more clearly the extent of the transformation, whereby a communist system had been abandoned by 1989–90 even though the Soviet Union did not come to an end until December 1991. Brown also draws on recent evidence showing the large element of contingency involved in the dramatic changes of 1985–1991, including the opposition to Gorbachev's acquisition of power which, had it been successful, would have led to very different policies being pursued in the second half of the 1980s.


Co- and Cu-doped ZnO of nominal composition Zn0.95Co0.05O and Zn0.94Co0.05Cu0.01O were synthesized by a co-precipitation method in organic media. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data of the samples annealed at 725 K showed that they are single phase without any secondary phases. DC magnetization measurements of samples with Cu co-doping (Zn0.94Co0.05Cu0.01O) as a function of field at room temperature showed a ferromagnetic signature while the samples without Cu co-doping (Zn0.95Co0.05O) are paramagnetic in nature. Both the samples heated at 1075 K are found to be paramagnetic at room temperature. Resistivity measurements above room temperature clearly showed a semiconducting behavior with a decreased resistivity value for Zn0.94Co0.05Cu0.01O compared to Zn0.95Co0.05O and ZnO, confirming additional carriers in Zn0.94Co0.05Cu0.01O due to Cu co-doping. Our results are in agreement with a recent computational study that doping additional carriers are necessary for realizing room temperature ferromagnetism in Co-doped ZnO.


Characteristics of carbides, such as their shape, size, type, and structure, significantly affect the plasticity and toughness of D2 cold‐work die steel. The effect of variations in the cooling rate on characteristics of carbides during solidification of D2 cold‐work die steel is investigated. Characteristics of carbides solidified at various cooling rates are quantified by scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The quantity of M7C3 carbides increases, but their size and the layer spacing decrease as the cooling rate increases in the range of 0.3–4 °C s−1. The types of carbide are not affected by the cooling rate. The main type is M7C3, with small amounts of M23C6 and MC. The carbides mostly comprise hexagonal hollow bars. There are a few lamellar and curved bar structures. The formation mechanism of hexagonal hollow bar carbides is clarified. The growth of hexagonal hollow bar M7C3 carbides is primarily affected by the chromium content and temperature gradient. Carbides form planar shapes together with nucleation masses and subsequently grow within a lateral envelope of helical dislocations. The interior cavity of M7C3 bar carbides shrinks and becomes filled with austenite as the cooling rate increases, which results in thin hexagonal hollow bar carbides.


The low-frequency performance of advanced gravitational-wave detectors is limited by the seismic noise and the associated control noise. A six-degree-of-freedom seismometer has been proposed in (Mow-Lowry and Martynov 2019 Class. Quantum Grav. 36 245006) to improve the active isolation system. The standard readout scheme, which directly inverts the sensing matrix, gives dynamically independent but not statistically independent estimators for different degrees of freedom. This paper studies the optimal readout scheme by using optimal filters to combine the sensor outputs. The improvement is ultimately limited by the sensor noise and the ground motion, which decreases the correlation. For the real-time implementation, we have considered fitting the optimal filters numerically under the passive and causal constraint.


The campaign over rural construction in Jiangsu province formed an important part of the ru- ral construction during the period of Republic of China. This thesis states basic facts of the campaign over rural construction in Jiangsu province during the period of Republic of China. Meanwhile, there are some represen- tative rural construction zones, such as experimental units in Wuxi, rural improvement experimental units in Xugongqiao, rural church experimental zones at Chunhua town, rural improvement experimental zones at Wu- jin district and self- government Jiangning experimental county. Through an overall view of the characteristics of rural construction in Jiangsu province, Jiangsu rural construction could be summed up by four construction models, that is, public education, vocational education, church construction and political reform. At that time, the campaign brought about great influence on Jiangsu rural areas. It strengthened the cooperation between peasants and promoted rural democratic construction. The economy was well developed and farmers' income was greatly increased. What's more, the standard of education on peasants was sharply increased, which, to some degree, improved the backward rural education. Above all, it fairly changed the lifestyle of peasants and advanced the modern civilization in countryside.


This project involves investigating the response of a modular pontoon system when put under wave loading. In addition, this report also hopes to establish a point at which the movement of a pontoon due to waves will cause the pontoon to be considered unsuitable for use. This research draws upon previous work conducted within the field and expands upon it using physical modelling. In this case the modelling comprises of a modular pontoon being subjected to waves with a range of frequencies and amplitudes. Thorough analysis of results obtained from this determined that under higher frequency waves the movement response of a modular pontoon is less than that when under low frequency waves. In addition, a recommended value for the slope of a modular pontoon of 1 in 7.5m was defined as the steepest allowable gradient for a modular pontoon before it should be considered unsafe for use


The invention provides a shell manufacturing process. The shell comprises an aluminum alloy frame and an aluminum alloy bracket combined with the aluminum alloy frame, the shell manufacturing process sequentially comprises frame manufacturing, bracket manufacturing, welding, T processing, nanometer injection molding, first time CNC processing, second time CNC processing, third time CNC processing, thermal shaping and surface processing steps, and the surface of the aluminum alloy shell of the shell has metal luster. By means of the manner, the shell manufacturing process provided by the invention has the advantages of few manufacturing procedures, short period, raw material saving, higher yield and lower manufacturing cost. The invention further provides a mobile phone shell with metal luster and manufactured by the shell manufacturing process.


To understand these different interpretations, the devil really is in the details. First, it is important to distinguish neuropathic from nociceptive pain. The latter has largely been unstudied, but the two have been conflated in a summary of findings from two widely publicized reports [1,2]. Second, the dosages and formulations of cannabis have varied across studies and do not closely approximate what is typically available to and used by consumers. Finally, the trial duration is important to consider because chronic pain is likely to require prolonged treatment. Among the studies that reported therapeutic benefit in neuropathic pain, most had very short follow-up, on the order of hours to days [2].


Purpose: Purpose of this paper. An intelligent control system is presented that uses a combination of feedforward and feedback for cutting force control in end milling. Design/methodology/approach: The network is trained by the feedback output that is minimized during training and most control action for disturbance rejection is finally performed by the rapid feedforward action of the network. Findings: The feedback controller corrects for errors caused by external disturbances. The feedforward controller is an artificial neural network (ANN) which approximates the inverse dynamics of the machining process. Research limitations/implications: The dynamic architecture of the neural controller is chosen, and the methods for delay time treatment and training network on line are investigated. The controller was designed and tested using a simulator model of the milling process that includes feed drive model and cutting dynamics simulator. Practical implications: An application to cutting force control in end-milling is used to prove the effectiveness of the control scheme and the experiments shows that the dynamic performance of the cutting force control is greatly improved by this neural combined control system. Originality/value: New combined feedforward and feedback control system of end milling system is developed and tested by many experiments. Also a comprehensive user-friendly software package has been developed to monitor the optimal cutting parameters during machining.


A methodology is proposed to evaluate the wellhead loads due to the drilling and completion phases for a subsea well. The loads transmitted by the drilling riser to the BOP stack at the flex joint are determined using a static approach without the need of performing a detailed riser analysis. The flex joint angle, as provided by the riser angle indicator at operation, is a key parameter in determining the shear and bending moment at the flex joint and it synthesizes the riser response when subjected to a variety of loading conditions, such as environmental loadings, top tension, mud, static offset, etc. The analysis takes into account the angle of the well with regard to vertical (as-installed) and the soil nonlinear behavior. An incremental-iterative analysis is carried out using the Newton-Raphson method and an updated Lagrangian beam element. Therefore the structure position is updated at each iteration, accounting for the heavy submerged weight of the BOP and LMRP. The accurate determination of wellhead loads can lead to the design of more efficient structures. The proposed approach lessens the number of variables involved in the problem. As a result, safety is improved. A parametric study is conducted using the proposed approachmore » and the corresponding wellhead loadings are obtained. Parameters to be varied are overpull, water depth, mud, flex joint angle and the angle of the well with regard to vertical. A rigid model is also developed and the results am compared with the flexible nonlinear model.« less


The Malay World has undergone several formative experiences in interacting with nature, the latest of which is influenced mostly by the Islamic civilization. In tandem with these changes, the view the Malays acquired in engaging with the cosmos is fundamentally shaped by their theological belief. In this paper, the author attempts to elucidate their concept of divinity, which is based on their theology, to the extent that it shapes their views about the cosmos.  Keywords: Divinity; Malay; cosmology; Islamic civilization


Authorsconclusions: montelukast does not represent an adequate alternative to corticosteroids after outpatient stabilization in mild to moderate acute asthma exacerbations. Reviewerscommentary: despite limitations in the selection and sample size, and based on the results, oral montelukast should not be used as treatment of mild-moderate acute asthma exacerbations.


In this article, the author explores the labels applied to state structures, more specifically the distinction between federalism and confederalism. Building on John Loughlin and Jan Velaers' work, she argues that the terms "federation" and "confederalism" have both been instrumentalized by Belgian politicians, contributing to the confusion and conceptual murkiness that surrounds these terms.The first part of the paper stresses the importance of reassessing our conceptual vocabulary to account for the "messiness" of Belgian institutions. The author suggests a distinction between (con)federal-ISM as a political ideology and (con)federat-IONs as concrete institutional design. She also reviews the interwoven federal and confederal character of Belgium's institutional design. The second part of the article seeks to decipher the nature of the Federation Wallonie-Bruxelles (FWB), a public (but not legal) entity of the French Community. The FWB combines elements of a constitutive unit of the Belgian federation with federal and confederal traits. The "re-branding" of this entity with a misleading name illustrates that Flemish parties who promote "confederal" solutions for Belgium do not hold a monopoly on strategic semantic confusion.


Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic viral infection caused by the Monkeypox Virus (MPXV), which may spread person-to-person directly. It is currently being treated with previously intended drugs for smallpox or other diseases caused by the orthopoxvirus, such as tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir. The smallpox vaccination is also the treatment for MPX, consisting of Immune Globulin (IG) combined with human plasma. However, this type of vaccine may cause several neurological adverse events such as headache, pain, vertigo, dizziness, and non-serious limb paresthesia. Up to the present, there are no available treatments, Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) may be a good choice for specifically targeting the MPXV because it is a non-invasive approach without side effects. The strategy is according to the principle of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and its photodynamic action of curcumin for the research process on MPX. Why do we apply PDT with "curcumin" as a Photosensitizer (PS) against MPX, and is this a possible choice?


In this paper, a data-driven approach has been used to identify and categorize fault in the electrical power system. The proposed methodology involves efficient analysis of the data with feature vectors including the area or zone of the bus. The training is done on machine learning models to classify and identify the location of the fault. Three-phase, line to ground, line-to-line to ground, line-to-line, loss of line with no fault and loss of load at bus faults are simulated to generate labeled data with type of fault and location of fault. Two algorithms have been proposed to choose the measurements selection strategy, and results have been stated. The proposed methodology proves its validity for identification of the fault without necessary measurement of the voltage of each node. The proposed approach works with a minimum number of buses required to be as few as 5-7% of the measured buses. The accuracy, capabilities, and limitations of the proposed algorithm are verified on IEEE 68 bus model. The highest classification accuracy attained on one of the test cases is 91%.


To evaluate recurrence and progression risk after simultaneous endoscopic surgery of bladder cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), as simultaneous surgery is not an unusual scenario and theoretically simultaneous transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) can lead to an increased risk of recurrence in the bladder neck and prostatic urethra (BN/PU).


This paper analyses coverage predictions in tunnels using radiating cables. It is demonstrated that cable data gained from free space measurements results are applicable to tunnel environments. Fading models used for radio communication in free space applied to tunnels explain effects of electrical behaviour of radiating cables in tunnels. A coverage prediction is performed by system loss calculations based on cable data. The coverage model for tunnels is similar to that of free space. Measurement results are presented from a typically equipped metro tunnel considering a rectangular concrete section and another consisting of a combination of a concrete section with a steel tube. The results show concurrence between theory and practice.


Seismic structure pounding between adjacent superstructures may induce the destruction of pier and bridge superstructures and cause local damage that leads to the collapse of the whole bridge system. The pounding problem is related to the expansion of joints, gap distance and seismic response of the abutments. In this research, methods of the contact element approach, the linear spring model, the Kelvin-Voigt model and the Hertz model were studied to analyse the pounding characteristics. The shaking table test for a model specimen such as a bridge superstructure with elastomeric bearings was performed to evaluate the contact element approach methods. Relationships between the time history response from the numerical analysis results and the measured response from the shaking table test are compared. The experimental results were not well matched with the numerical analysis results using the existing pounding stiffness models. Therefore, in this study, coefficients are proposed to calculate the appropriate pounding stiffness ratio.


Reconceptualizing pastoral care the emergence of pastoral care the discourse of pastoral care Elmfield School - case study of the pastoral and the academic pastoral and the academic - messages from the boundary Kings Marsh School - integrating the pastoral and the academic pastoral care and the academic curriculum - curriculum theory and professional practice.


Background: Cancer patients have a four- to fivefold greater risk of thrombosis than the general population. Recommended treatment for cancer-associated thrombosis is 3–6 months of low-molecular-weight heparin. The 'select-d' trial is an open-label, randomised, multi-centre pilot trial in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis, utilising dalteparin (low-molecular-weight heparin) versus rivaroxaban (a direct oral anticoagulant), to assess effectiveness and safety. Aim: To explore patient and informal carers' experiences of cancer-associated thrombosis and their experience and understanding of the risk–benefit of thrombosis treatment. Design: Qualitative substudy of the select-d trial, using semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis. Participants: Participants were purposively sampled (n = 37 patients; 46% male; age 40–89; 9 with carer present). Results: Three themes were found: experience of cancer-associated thrombosis, experience of anticoagulation and risk–benefit balance of the two modes of administration. Some were shocked by their thrombosis diagnosis (most were unaware of their risk), but others found it insignificant compared with cancer. Most patients found tablets more convenient, but injections were acceptable in the context of having cancer. While most were happy to follow medical advice, others weighed preference on the basis of effectiveness. Conclusion: Lack of awareness of thrombosis risk is concerning; cancer patients must be informed to enable prompt help-seeking. Tablets could provide a welcome choice for patients if there is equivalent risk–benefit to injected anticoagulants. Patients trust their clinicians to tailor their treatment. Future research could explore the effect of routine information giving about the risk of thrombosis.


Agile development is being adopted by many leading software companies, such as those represented by this panel. Though many instructional resources exist to guide companies through a change to Agile Development, there are few resources available on the subject of Agile development and User Centered Design (UCD). As a result, user experience practitioners have had to develop their own tactics and strategies for maintaining sound UCD practices within their organizations when moving to Agile. This panel consists of six practitioners who actively work with development teams using Agile. Panel members will share the challenges and successes they face while championing UCD within their respective development organizations. Panelists will focus on adaptations to research methodology and strategy that make UCD possible to attain within Agile cultures.


Nonsubsampled contourlet transform(NSCT)provides flexible multiresolution,anisotropy,and directional expansion for images.Compared with the original contourlet transform,it is shift-invariant and can overcome the pseudo-Gibbs phenomena around singularities.Pulse coupled neural networks(PCNN)is a visual cortex-inspired neural network and characterized by the global coupling and pulse synchronization of neurons.It has been proven suitable for image processing and successfully employed in image fusion.In this paper,NSCT is associated with PCNN and used in image fusion to make full use of the characteristics of them. Spatial frequency in NSCT domain is input to motivate PCNN and coefficients in NSCT domain with large firing times are selected as coefficients of the fused image.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms typical wavelet-based, contourlet-based,PCNN-based,and contourlet-PCNN-based fusion algorithms in terms of objective criteria and visual appearance.


Data from the IMS stations are sent to the IDC, where the data are processed and analyzed. The results of this work, as well as the raw data from the IMS stations, are made available to States Signatories. Work done in these countries is most commonly performed at a National Data Centre (NDC), which is designated by the country for this purpose. The Treaty specifies that it is up to the member States to decide if a treaty relevant event has taken place, and to call for follow up actions, e.g., an On-Site Inspection. The data and products made available by the IDC are used by member states to assess compliance with the Treaty. Another aspect of capacity building involves training staff in member states on acquiring, analyzing, and synthesizing data and products in fulfilling their Treaty obligations. These data may also be used for civil and scientific application such as Tsunami warning. Capacity Building efforts include a wide range of training and workshop opportunities. Training courses include station operator training, which includes hands on training for the specific type of equipment installed at a station, as well as training on the reporting tools which are used to report station problems. Capacity building opportunities for NDCs include brief introductory course, as well as a longer, two week course, which focuses on accessing and analyzing data and products obtained from the IDC. Recently a capacity building initiative has started which focuses on providing training, expert services, and equipment in developing countries. Initially the needs of a country are assessed, to see how the project can be tailored to the existing needs and infrastructure. After the equipment is installed, on-site training is provided on how to use data and products in a national context.


Taking seven industries of equipment manufacturing field in Dalian for the research samples,quantitative evaluation and empirical analysis on their technological innovation capacity are conducted based on factor analysis.The results show that investment capacity of technological innovation and innovational internal and external collaboration capacity are the main factors.Technological innovation ability of general equipment manufacturing industry,special equipment manufacturing industry,communications equipment,computers and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry and transportation equipment manufacturing industry are strong.The countermeasures for improving their competitiveness are provided from the following aspects:increasing innovation investment;improving innovation efficiency;strengthening internal and external innovation support.


is the branch of astronomy that relates to precise measurements and explanations of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies. Although once thought of as an esoteric field with little useful application for the future, the information obtained by astrometric measurements is now very important in contemporary research into the kinematics and physical origin of our Solar System and our Galaxy, the Milky (...)


frame (or tightly stretched between hooks high above the foot of the bed), and into the lower hem the cane is to be inserted later. A strong hook having then been driven into each of the side walls, about 2 It. away from the front of the top of the window, and a cord stretched across the room, a sheet is slung over the cord without being attached to it. A length of Ia to 2 yards of wireless indiarubber gas tubing is then substituted for that part of the cord which supports the sheet. The cane is next provided at its middle with a cord sufficiently long to pass over the top rail of the bedstead and back into the patient's hand, and with this the punkah is ready for use. A cord and pulley may be subsequently provided to haul up the punkah when not required. One advantage of this exceedingly simple and light arrangement is that the elasticity of the indiarubber gives a maximum swing to the sheet with a minimum pull, the patient working the punkah for himself with zest and without fatigue. The medication of the air may be varied according to indications. Some time after this installation had been working satisfactorily I remembered the late Dr. Richard Neale's enthusiastic advocaey, long before the days of "open-air" treatment, of the "chemical lung " which he had invented for a different object. This was a punkah charged with an alkaline solution for the purpose of clearing the air of rooms and of tunnels of its SO2. Full references will be found in Neale's Digest, under the headings " Punkah " and " Chemical Lung." Although devised for pulmonary consumption, the bed-punkah will probably be found a useful sick-room appliance in a variety of other cases, and also during the summer, when it can be made into a cooling as well as a ventilating agent. But its chief office is during spells of stagnant air; and its chief use for the present is for the thousands of poorer consumptives living in small town tenements, for whom there is neither sanatorium accommodation nor any artificial ventilation system such as that achieved by Dr. Glover Lyon much less any artificial atmosphere, but who must be content with London air such as it is. It answers well in its rough original form, but I shall be glad to hear of any improvements likely to add to its usefulness.


The cross-strait economic and cultural exchange is growing all the time.Fujian Province,as the west side of the strait,takes the lead in starting the undergraduate university cooperation projects between Fujian and Taiwan,and carries out exchanges and cooperation in higher education on a pilot basis.However,the model of training students by the cross-strait institutions is still in run-in period,and hasn't formed any law that can be followed.Thereby,it has vital significance to further clarify the application-oriented undergraduate positioning and explore the establishment of cross-strait blended undergraduate personnel training and high quality education resource sharing mechanism for promoting cross-strait economic and cultural fusion.


ABSTRACT

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCABIES DISEASE WITH QUALITY OF LIFE LEVEL SANTRI IN PONDOK PESANTREN AL-MUAYYAD SURAKARTA

Naufal Faruq Purwanto¹, Ratih Pramuningtyas², Devi Usdiana
Rosyidah²
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Goal: This research have a goal to understand the correlation between scabies disease with level quality of life santri in Pondok Pesantren Al-Muayyad Surakarta.

Methods: Observational analytic with approachment cross sectional. Total sample of this research as many as 74 santris, with 31 santri suffered scabies and 43
santris unsuffered scabies. Technic sampling with simple random sampling technic. The research do at Pondok Pesantren Al-Muayyad Surakarta on November 2015. The data analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with SPSS program.

Result: The research showing the biggest of total sample there is suffered scabies are man, 26 santri and the biggest group of age is 14-16 years old. Santri who's suffered scabies with disruption quality of life have a number 10 santri, just enough quality of life is 9 santri, few disruption quality of life is 7 santri, and without disruption quality of life is 5 santri. Santri who's unsuffered scabies with a few disruption quality of life have a number 15 santri and without disruption quality of life 28 santri. The result showed value p=0,000 (p<0,05) and showing there is correlation between of two variables who tested.

Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is have correlation between scabies disease with level quality of life santri based on disruption of symptoms, pleasure and shy, social correlation, managing home, physical exercise, and study or work.
1Student of medical faculty Muhammadiyah Surakarta University
2Lecture of medical faculty Muhammadiyah Surakarta University


DNA can be put into mammalian cells in a process called transfection. If you wanted to make a mouse cell fluoresce green, you could transfect it with DNA carrying the EGFP open reading frame, a promoter directing transcription of EGFP and a signal sequence for polyadenylation of the mRNA. The promoter tells the cell that the EGFP sequence should be transcribed by RNA polymerase. The polyadenylation sequence assists in the export and stability of the mRNA so that it gets translated by the ribosome. The coding sequence tells the ribosome which amino acids should be joined together.


The invention provides a magneto-rheological smooth controller for a robot joint. The magneto-rheological smooth controller for the robot joint comprises a closed cavity, a first gear, a second gear and an electromagnetic coil; magneto-rheological liquid fills in the closed cavity; the first gear and the second gear are arranged in the closed cavity, wherein the first gear engages with the second gear; a first gear shaft of the first gear and a second gear of the second gear both extend out from the closed cavity; the electromagnetic coil for changing the magnetic field intensity in the closed cavity is mounted at the side edge of the closed cavity; the first gear shaft or the second gear shaft is connected with a driving mechanism which drives the first gear or the second gear to rotate. The magneto-rheological smooth controller for the robot joint integrates rigid, passive smooth, active smooth and rigid driving and smooth controlling, and is self-adaptive to the robot joint.


The pig lung, given its gross anatomical, histological and physiological similarities to the human lung, may be useful as a large animal model, in addition to rodents, in which to assess the potential of vectors for pulmonary airway gene transfer. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of the pig lung as a model of gene transfer to the human lung with a synthetic vector system.


The invention discloses a shared wavelength conversion device and a shared wavelength conversion method. The method comprises the following steps: when an optical packet encounters conflict after reaching an input port of a switchboard and requesting for being scheduled to an output port of the switchboard, constructing a wavelength conversion minimum weight matching bigraph and a bigraph conversion weight matrix; searching an available wavelength number according to the weight matrix, preferably selecting an available limited range multi-wavelength converter according to the wavelength number, converting the conflict optical packet, and multicasting the conflict optical packet to an expanded input port of the switchboard; and if the limited range multi-wavelength converter cannot be used, selecting an available full-range single-wavelength converter, and after the full-range single-wavelength converter executes conversion, outputting to the output port of the switchboard through a light splitter. By adopting the device and the method, the problem of wavelength conflict during light multicast is solved; the packet loss probability of light multicast is well reduced; and the utilization rate of the wavelength converter is improved.


In recent years, the tango has become a quintessential artistic form that has achieved worldwide popularity due to the globalization of exotic music and dancing, the blooming of international entertainment economies, and the flourishing of worldwide tourism. Born in Argentina more than a century ago, the tango has also recently experienced a revival in its home land, encouraged by Buenos Aires' renaissance as the tango's capital, and the increasing number of Argentine artists, as well as amateur dancers and singers, trying fortune in the tango field either at home or abroad (Viladrich 2004). In this essay, I introduce the concept of dual lives to examine the contradictory lives of female tango artists as both tango performers and struggling immigrants in New York City (NYC). In particular, this article will explore the life history of Flor, whose personal career as an elderly tango singer in NYC conveys the multiple jeopardies faced by disenfranchised immigrants in the city. While most younger tango artists are dancers, older artists (both men and women) are singers and musicians. And contrary to the flamboyant images of tango performers as icons of perpetual youth and uncanny passionate embraces, immigrants like Flor embody the lives and hardships of many other older female immigrants, who still hope to


Heavy cannabis use (HCU) is frequently associated with a plethora of cognitive, psychopathological and sensorimotor phenomena. Although HCU is frequent, specific patterns of abnormal brain structure and function underlying HCU in individuals presenting without cannabis‐use disorder or other current and life‐time major mental disorders are unclear at present. This multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study examined resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) and structural MRI (sMRI) data from 24 persons with HCU and 16 controls. Parallel independent component analysis (p‐ICA) was used to examine covarying components among grey matter volume (GMV) maps computed from sMRI and intrinsic neural activity (INA), as derived from amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF) maps computed from rs‐fMRI data. Further, we used JuSpace toolbox for cross‐modal correlations between MRI‐based modalities with nuclear imaging derived estimates, to examine specific neurotransmitter system changes underlying HCU. We identified two transmodal components, which significantly differed between the HCU and controls (GMV: p = 0.01, ALFF p = 0.03, respectively). The GMV component comprised predominantly cerebello‐temporo‐thalamic regions, whereas the INA component included fronto‐parietal regions. Across HCU, loading parameters of both components were significantly associated with distinct HCU behavior. Finally, significant associations between GMV and the serotonergic system as well as between INA and the serotonergic, dopaminergic and μ‐opioid receptor system were detected. This study provides novel multimodal neuromechanistic insights into HCU suggesting co‐altered structure/function‐interactions in neural systems subserving cognitive and sensorimotor functions.


An approach for the optimisation of maintenance intervals is introduced, incorporating several distinct elements. First of all, Weibull analysis provides a generalisable means to estimate reliability of non-repairable products. Next, an optimisation model has been developed that employs maintenance interval length to optimise for cost under specific reliability and operational constraints. These constraints are derived from historical data to assure validity of the method for assistance in practical maintenance decision-making. The developed approach accounts for different types of failure regimes and incorporates the main three maintenance policies identified in literature (failure, preventive, and predictive), in contrast to existing methods. The applicability of the developed approach has been tested in three case studies, each describing application and results for a different type of industry and associated product. The results notify the user on the optimum interval time for inspection, where costs are minimised within an acceptable reliability range.


The increase in global energy demand has directed researchers towards making low-quality coals into an environmentally friendly energy source by reducing their high moisture content. Drying coal is a high-energy and time-consuming process, so reducing the required energy and drying time is crucial for drying technology. Coal drying increases the thermal value of coal and makes it easier to transport. In this study, a coal drying system was designed using waste heat recovery systems, R-134a refrigerant as working fluid, air source heat pumps, and vacuum tube solar collectors to provide hot air. Firstly, the moisture content of the coal and the desired moisture content after drying were determined, and then the heat required to dry the coal was calculated. Next, the capacity of the solar collector required to provide the necessary heat to the heat pump was determined, and the type and capacity of the heat pump that could produce the required heat were selected. Finally, the coal dryer was designed based on the specific requirements of the power plant and the type of coal used. As a result, the coal drying system designed with solar-assisted heat pumps and waste heat utilization can increase the efficiency of coal-fired power plants by reducing the moisture content of coal before combustion.


The present study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extract of a seaweed, Gracilaria corticata. Extremely stable AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, XRD, TEM and EDS analyses. The nanoparticles exhibited maximum absorbance at 424 nm in the UV spectrum. The presence of proteins was identified by FTIR. TEM micrograph revealed the formation of polydispersed and spherical shaped nanoparticles with the size range of 10-50 nm and the presence of elemental silver were confirmed by EDS analysis. These nanoparticles showed cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cells.


Oxidation ditcb systems for waste water treatment at various demands for effluent quality with regard to BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus are presented. Simple design for only BOD-removal and nitrification as well as designs for advanced treatment including biological nitrogen and biological phosphorus removal are presented, and full scale results from more than 15 years of operation are shown. The simple design and price competitive construction can none the less produce effluent qualities below 15 mg BOD/l, 8 mg N/l and 1.5 mg P/l if the right oxidation ditcb combination is used.


We calculate the Casimir forces in two configurations, namely, three parallel dielectric slabs and a dielectric slab between two perfectly conducting plates, where the dielectric materials are dispersive and inhomogeneous in the direction perpendicular to the interfaces. A renormalization scheme is proposed consisting of subtracting the effect of one interface with a single inhomogeneous medium. Some examples are worked out to illustrate this scheme. Our method always gives finite results and is consistent with the principle of virtual work; it extends the Dzyaloshinskii-Lifshitz-Pitaeveskii force to inhomogeneous media.


DR. HIRAM C. POLK, JR. (Moderator): The subject of the panel this morning is obviously a paraphrase and derivative of what I talked to you about yesterday.1 If you listened to any part of the scientific program, you now are aware that there are a dozen or more people in this Association who are directly and personally involved in this quality issue. They are doing all that they can as individuals and as group leaders to make quality and safety center-stage for us.


Objective To observe the effects of gemfibrozil on serum free fatty acid(FFA) concentration and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein(AFABP) secretion by adipose tissue from hypercholesterolemia rabbits.Methods Fifteen male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups.①Control group was fed with normal diet for 12 weeks;②high cholesterol group was fed with high cholesterol group diet for 12 weeks;③gemfibrozil group was fed with same cholesterol diet for eight weeks supplemented with gemfibrozil 200 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 4 weeks.Each group had five rabbits.FFA and AFABP concentrations in serum and adipose tissue culture supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Adipose tissue was harvested for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) studies.Results After 8 and 12 weeks,rabbits from high cholesterol group and gemfibrozil group showed higher serum levels of total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol and FFA than those of control group(P0.01).Gemfibrozil treatment significantly decreased body mass of rabbits in the twelfth week than in the eighth week(P0.05).AFABP concentrations in serum and in culture supernatants of adipose tissue were decreased in gemfibrozil group compared with high-cholesterol group at the end of the twelfth week(P0.05).The mRNA levels of AFABP in adipose tissue were increased in high cholesterol group and gemfibrozil group compared with control group(P0.05);but the mRNA levels of AFABP in adipose tissue was decreased in gemfibrozil group compared with high-cholesterol group(P0.05).Conclusion The study indicated that gemfibrozil reduced body mass and reduced FFA and AFABP serum concentration and adipose tissue secretion of hypercholesterolemia rabbits.These effects might be of significance for the treatment of atherosclerosis and of obesity prevention.


Preparation of double metal cyanide catalyzed polyols is carried out by an improved method, in this method, the starting material is continuously added during the polymerization of epoxides. This method comprises continuously added starter (S


The glycerol production by fermentation in flasks by Candida glycerinogenes was studied.Dissolved oxygen(DO)was one of the most important factors in the cultivation of the strain by influencing cell growth and metabolites generated.Based on this result,batch fermentation of glycerol under diverse DO levels in a 5 L stirred fermentor was investigated.The metabolic flux analysis explained the phenomenon that sugar consumption was fast and glycerol synthesis was relatively less under low dissolved oxygen levels,mainly due to generated ethanol.Metabolic flux analysis also showed that HMP pathway played an important role in glycerol synthesis.Analysis of carbon metabolization and energy metabolization(oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation)of C.glycerinogenes in the process of glycerol fermentation showed that a high level of ATP synthesis at high dissolved oxygen levels to a certain degree inhibited substrate level phosphorylation so that more carbon flowed to glycerol synthesis.The intracellular redox balance(NADH/NAD+ ratio)reflected the competition between glycerol production and ethanol synthesis.


Objective To investigate the effect of phospholipid on the enhanced coagulation activities and gallstone formation in gallbladder bile of calculous patients.Methods P Selectin was measured in the protein abstracts of gallstone and the bile of patients with gallstones(n=25)compared with those without gallstone(n=15).Purified phospholipid was subjected to activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) as the coagulation phospholipied surface.Paraffin embedded gallstone sections(n=15) were stubjected to Peroxymethlic Acid Schiff's staining.The gallstone formation and F1+2 were sudied with the gallbladder bile exposed to PLA 2 in a hamster model.Result The concentration of P selectin antigen was very low in the bile of the two groups patients,there was no significant difference between the two groups(P0.05),P selectin level was also very low in the gallstones.There was no significant difference between the two groups in APTT with normal standard plasma exposed to phospholipid purified from the bile of two groups patients(P0.05),the white gel clots were also found after phospholipid of bile subjected to APTT test in two grpups.The sections of gallstones(4μm thick) were Peroxymethylic Acid Schiff's positive network.The gallstone formation was reduced and the level of prothrombin fragment 1+2 was significantly lower after the bile exposed to PLA 2 in the hamster model.Conclusion There was no platelet or activated platelet in gallbladder bile and the gallstones of calculous patients.The phospholipid surface of coagulation activation maybe come from the cholesterol/phospholipid vesicles in the gallbladder bile.Phospholipid played a role in the gallstone fromation.


Previously circulated under the title \Banks and credit derivatives: Is it always good to have more risk management tools?" Abstract We model the eeects on banks of the introduction of a market for credit derivatives; in particular, credit default swaps. A bank can use such swaps to temporarily transfer credit risks of their loans to others, reducing the likelihood that defaulting loans trigger the bank's nancial distress. Because credit derivatives are more exible at transferring risks than are other, more established tools such as loan sales without recourse, these instruments make it easier for banks to circumvent the \lemons" problem caused by banks' superior information about the credit quality of their loans. However, we nd that the introduction of a credit derivatives market is not necessarily desirable because it can cause other markets for loan risk-sharing to break down. If so, the existence of a credit derivatives market will lead to a greater risk of bank insolvency. We thank George Fenn, Jeremy Stein, staa at J. P. Morgan, and participants at Wharton's Conference on Risk Management in Banking for helpful discussions and comments. All errors are our own. The analysis and conclusions of this paper are those of the authors and do not indicate concurrence by the Board of Governors or the Federal Reserve Banks. The authors can be reached at 202-452-3055, email@example.com (Duuee) and 202-452-3328, email@example.com (Zhou).


Some recent papers have demonstrated the usefulness of failure rate methods in the evaluation of data from recidivism studies and other programs involving behavioral change. We extend the discussion to show the applicability of recently developed failure rate regression techniques Such methods allowing for covariates are important for construct validity, adjusting for bias in observational studies, and in identifying factors associated with successful outcomes One technique presented here allows for time varying covariates and does not require any particular parametric assumption about the time-to-failure distribution. Recidivism data from a Connecticut parolee study are used as an example


A multimodal analysis of picture books for children: A Systemic Functional approach is part of a book series entitled Discussions in functional approaches to language designed to provide a forum for scholars to address theoretical issues of functional approaches to language. The book's range extends beyond the exploration of the creation of reality, interaction and textuality in language. Not only is there "an exploration of the roles that language and images play, both by themselves and through their interaction" (Jia & Zhang 2014: 342), but there is also an analysis of nine picture books intended for children at different stages of cognitive development to exemplify the three metafunctions in Systemic Functional Grammar (henceforth SFG) and their counterparts in Visual Social Semiotics. There are nine chapters. After an introductory chapter and literature review, Chapters 3 to 8 make up the body of the book and can be grouped into two parts. The first part, Chapters 3 to 5, explains and exemplifies the three streams of meaning proposed in SFG and Visual Social Semiotics, respectively. The second part, Chapters 6 to 8, analyzes the nine picture books from the three theoretical perspectives in relation to age. Chapter 9 offers a conclusion. The introductory chapter lays out the aims, scope and structure of the book and offers a detailed description of the data of the study. It states that the book attempts to reveal how the verbal and visual modes in picture books for children create reality, interaction and textuality. By way of justification, the author claims to have identified certain gaps in the research by reviewing classic studies of picture books for children. For instance, "the intersemiosis between verbal and visual aspects has been neglected"; "the meaningful exegetical possibilities afforded by a purely linguistic analysis" have been disregarded; and the age of the targeted children has not been reckoned with (pp. 1–2). The aims of the book are threefold. Above all, it seeks to explore the choices available to the writers and illustrators of picture books for conveying the three streams of meaning through verbal and visual modes. Secondly, it aims to contribute to the classification of picture books


Purpose: This study aimed to quantitatively assess the color vision in patients with relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis with and without visual symptoms using D15. Methods: In this study, 100 eyes of 50 patients with Multiple Sclerosis including 30 patients with visual symptoms and 20 patients without visual symptoms were compared with 50 eyes as the control group. Patients were divided into 4 groups: An involved eye of the patient with unilateral visual symptoms (group 1), fellow eye of the patient with unilateral visual symptoms (group 2), patient's eye without visual symptoms (group 3), and eyes of the comparison group (group 4). Visual acuity was measured in log MAR. Color vision was evaluated using D15. The results were quantitatively recorded based on Color Confusion Index (CCI). Results: The meanCCI of color vision was 131.17±19.69 in the first group, 126.39±15.31 in the second group, 123.62±10.03 in the third group, and 117 in the fourth group. There was a significant difference between three groups and the control group. (p<0.0001, pConclusion: Color vision disorder has been observed in patients with and without visual symptoms; however, the severity of the defect was different between groups. Quantitative assessment of the color vision test provides useful information of the natural history of the disease for examiner. In addition, there are appropriate clinical criteria to identify subclinical defects along with other diagnostic methods in patients with MS.


Hole bipolaron band structure with two flat anisotropic bands is derived for oxide superconductors. Strong anisotropy leads to one-dimensional localization in a random field which explains the metal-likevalue of the Hall effect and thesemiconductorlikedoping dependence of resistivity of overdoped oxides. Doping dependence ofTc andlH(0) as well as the low-temperature dependence of resistivity, of the Hall effect, Hc2(T) and robust features of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of several highTc copper oxides are explained.


The views expressed in this Editorial do not necessarily reflect the views of this journal or of ASM.

mSystems® vol. 3, no. 2, is a special issue sponsored by Janssen Human Microbiome Institute (JHMI) .

Early-career scientists, especially those just stepping into their first independent roles,


This paper reports a simulation study on a focused microwave (frequency 9.4 GHz, pulse width 2.5 μs, and peak electric field 1.2 kV/cm) discharge in 200 Pa nitrogen. A one-dimensional (1D) fluid model is based on the wave equation for the microwave field propagating through the gas breakdown plasma, the continuity equations for electron, ion and neutral particle densities, and the energy balance equations for mean electron temperature, and nitrogen vibrational and translational temperatures. These equations are numerically solved in a self-consistent manner with a simplified plasma chemistry set, in which the reaction rates involving electrons are calculated from the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) using a two-term expansion method. The spatial and temporal characteristics of the focused microwave breakdown in nitrogen are demonstrated, which include the amplitude of the microwave electric field, and the densities and temperatures of the plasma components. The temporal evolution of the plasma...


Speech pathology services have not been traditionally provided within school classroom settings. This chapter will describe the service-delivery options for provision of speech pathology services in classroom settings. A review of select research related to the efficacy of these services is included as applied examples for educators.


. We study the diffusion of Brownian particles in a Gaussian random velocity field with short memory. By extending the derivation of an effective Fokker– Planck equation for the Lanvegin equation with weakly colored noise to a random velocity-field problem, we find that the effect of thermal noise on particles is suppressed by the existence of memory. We also find that the renormalization effect for the relative diffusion of two particles is stronger than that for single-particle diffusion. The results are compared with those of molecular dynamics simulations.


Abstract Nanoparticle-based technologies have played important roles in providing opportunities for the development of a new generation of sensing tools. Because of their unique optical, chemical, electrical, and catalytic properties, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively studied for biological and chemical detections as well as analytical applications. AuNP-based sensors are expected to change the foundations of sensing and detecting biomolecules and metal ions. The ease of surface functionalization of AuNPs allows chemists to create the desired functionalities for specific applications. In this review, we will discuss the use of surface-functionalized AuNPs for fabricating smart sensors that are capable of detecting heavy metal ions, glucose, and specific biomolecules such as protein and DNA.


Survey on the usage of commercial poggi Kimchi was run and consumer's acceptance test of the Kimchi in the various regions of Korea including Seoul(SE), Kyonggi Province(KG), Kangwon Province(KW), Kyungsang Province(KS), and Jeonla Province(JL) were investigated. Survey result of 34% of consumer showed that they eat Kimchi very much, and 19% answered they ate Wimchi whenever they had chance to eat. The most desired points of improvement in commercial poggi Kimchi were as following; Taste and degree of fermentation should be standardized. Order of preferences of minor ingredients of Kimchi were radish, hot pepper, welsh onion, and leek, respectively. Consumer acceptance test of KS sample group showed higher preference in whole color, salted condition, spicy hot flavor and crispness than the others. In whole color and pickled seafood properties, KG sample group showed significantly higher values than the others. In salty flavor, SE sample group showed lower preference than the others.


The more hand-held computing and nomadic systems become popular and significantly address the market, the more the design of applications based on such systems need new metaphors and interaction paradigms to fit user needs in new contexts of use. On the one hand emerging technologies like Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) offer new opportunities of use, on the other hand the applications that they can support require new methodologies and design approaches to be successful.


Abstract There is a paucity of information regarding the feeding habits of the Southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans. We investigated dietary preference of G. volans by computing the mean daily rate of ingested energy for five food resources: fruits of flowering dogwood Cornus florida; acorns of white oak Quercus alba, water oak Q. nigra, and black oak Q. velutina; and nuts of pignut hickory Carya glabra. The preferred food of G. volans was Q. alba, constituting 49.7% of their mean daily diet. Q. velutina and Q. nigra were ranked next in dietary preference. The least preferred food types were the fruits of C. florida, and nuts of C. glabra. There was no significant difference when comparing sex with food preference and sex with caloric intake.


Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of magnetic-laser therapy in complex treatment of patients with zygomatic fractures accompanied by the infraorbital nerve damage.
materials and methods: The study included 32 patients with single fractures of the zygomatic bone accompanied by infraorbital nerve injury. Patients were divided into two groups: the main group (n=17) and the control one (n=15). In both groups the complex treatment was used, which included: the fragment reposition operation, broad-spectrum antibiotic, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, anti-edematous therapy, vitamin B complex. In the main group of patients in the postoperative period the magnetic-laser therapy was applied. Assessment of qualitative and quantitative indices of pain was carried out on the 1st, 7th and 14th days of treatment.
Results: In the main group of patients the magnetic-laser therapy significantly reduced the intensity of nociceptive pain, led to moderate regression of all types of neuropathies associated with infraorbital nerve damage. When comparing 2 groups the best pain relief had patients of the main group. At the end of treatment a significant positive dynamics of improving the electrical sensory of infraorbital nerve has been noted, as indicated by recovery of sensory threshold, pain threshold and pain tolerance almost to the level of intact contralateral side.
Conclusions: The use of magnetic-laser therapy in the combined treatment of infraorbital nerve damage allows to improve the recovery of infraorbital nerve sensory changes following zygomatic fractures, reduce the pain, increase the effectiveness of treatment and provide rapid postoperative rehabilitation of patients.


Introduction: Small dome, mound and pitted cone features observed on Mars may represent volatile release from the subsurface by processes such as mud volcanism or mound spring formation [1-4]. Spring deposits have a wide range of morphologies yet, there are few published accounts on their characteristics and formation. This inevitably limits our ability to accurately detect these features on Mars from either satellite or lander perspectives. Clarke and Stoker [1] brought attention to the analog potential of the Dalhousie Mound Complex (DMC) in Australia. Here we report the results of two field expeditions to DMC to document the range of spring deposit morphologies, sediments, their formation and preservation. Study Area: The DMC is a major groundwater landform system fed by a discrete geothermally heated groundwater source. The study area is located at the margin of the Great Artesian Basin [5] in the northern part of semi-arid South Australia. The complex consists of a cluster of more than 60 active springs and numerous fossil spring deposits. The water is carried in the Late Jurassic Algebuckina Sandstone beneath the aquaclude of the Bulldog Shale. Subsurface strata dip up in the mid-Cenozoic Dalhousie anticline and water is brought near the surface in focused flow, along a series of faults that breach the anticline's crest. Active spring mound and channel morphology: We identified a range of morphologies associated with spring deposits.


The Terrestrial Planet Finder Coronagraph (TPF-C) is a NASA pre-phase-A orbiting telescope with the goal of detecting and characterizing visible and near-IR light reflected from terrestrial planets. We use observational completeness, defined as the fraction of potentially observable planets that are detected, to determine how well the proposed telescope meets the mission goals. Single visit completeness is optimized by selecting the length of observation per target that maximizes the completeness for the ensemble of stars. In this memo we describe the integration time calculations and two approaches to single visit optimization. We also compare the results for different choices of coronagraph sensitivity.


Robert L. Tignor is one of the few Middle East specialists who reads the primary papers of the major international businesses operating in the region. He is among the very few not hypnotized by the boundaries created by area studies and therefore he draws examples from both African and Middle Eastern countries. Capitalism and Nationalism at the End of Empire synthesizes his earlier research, with some recent material added. It gives one much to think about. If one comes into economic history through the writings of Samir Amin and others like him in political economy, one picks up clear expectations about corporate logic and the logic of capitalist states. If one reads the standard works in U.S. foreign policy by the revisionist school, which is actually the dominant school, these views are further reinforced. Yet, in reading Tignor, one finds a surprising level of timidity in terms of corporate behavior in the political field. Often US corporations did not get their way during the era of decolonization and they were not always especially aggressively trying to undermine the British. In addition, policy seemed driven by context and the forces of the moment more than by any broader capitalist logic. This may not explain how the United States did in fact gain such overwhelming ascendancy by the time the British Empire passed away but it does persuade the reader that this is what the primary documents are reporting. Tignor cites John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson and others who figure in decolonization studies; in some respects, he is a part of their tradition. He is more technically competent than many in that tradition, finding his way skillfully through the Arabic-language journalism that dominates the period and not simply relying on western sources as some ultimate arbiter. Tignor's study is important; I hope it sparks some debate. I find myself reluctant to give up the idea of American imperialism quite so quickly. I never worked with his sources but my strong sense in all archival work is to doubt the surface meaning and to look for some implied logic beneath the surface that holds a bunch of reports or letters together. Gallagher and Robinson and I believe Tignor would resist such an approach. One last observation. If the business history of these countries is so similar, do we learn something about the possible broader comparability of these countries?


Approximate matching functions are suitable tools for forensic investigators to detect similarity between two digital objects. With the rapid increase in data storage capacity, these functions appear as candidates to perform Known File Filtering (KFF) efficiently, separating relevant from irrelevant information. However, comparing sets of approximate matching digests can be overwhelming, since the usual approach is by brute force (all-against-all). In this paper, we evaluate some strategies to better perform KFF using approximate matching tools. A detailed analysis of their operational costs when performing over large data sets is done. Our results show significant improvements over brute force and how the strategies scale for different database sizes.


High resolution solid state 1 3C NMR measurements were performed for nylon 66 samples crystallized under various conditions, using the cross polarization/high power decoupling/magic angle spinning (CP/DD/MAS) and DD/MAS techniques. The 1 3C spin-lattice relaxation times (T 1 C) were measured, using Torchia's pulse sequence. The structure and dynamics of nylon 66 in the solid state are discussed on the basis of the results


Like quite a few people in his native region, Federico Chabod, who was born in French-speaking Val d'Aosta, Italy, had little sympathy for BenitoMussolini's fanatic dream of an "Italian Italy." Nationalism, one might suspect, was not exactly his cup of tea. No great admirer of universalism—which he used to associate with the worst imperialist tendencies of French classicism (Chabod 1979)—either, Chabod cultivated instead an idea of "Europe" as alternative to both nationalism and universalism. As he offered a course on the history of Europe at the University of Milan in 1943, talks about Europe were quite in fashion. Already in 1932, the Reale Accademia d'Italia had coordinated, with all pomp and circumstance, a well-publicized symposium on the theme. The success had then prompted the Istituto Nazionale di Cultura Fascista to organize, in 1942, a new Roman conference on "The Idea of Europe." Yet in those circumstances, as in the debates that would follow, "contingent political reasons had prevailed upon scientific ones" (Chabod 1995, 8–9). TheNeue Ordnung of a newEurope united under the Aryan identity of swastika and fasciowasnot, in otherwords,whatChabodhad inmind when he thought about Europe.Not that his Europewas an entirely "scientific" one, however. The abundance of imperatives in his eager definitions of it seems rather to suggest that "Europe" had to be, for Chabod, an essentially ethical category: "European consciousness means . . . differentiation of Europe, as a political and moral entity, from other entities. . . . The concept of Europe must form itself in contraposition to something that is not Europe" (Chabod 1995, 23). The implied questionwas to see howmuch the new thinking of Europe had deviated from that "moral" imperative and


Persisting Wet Events (PWEs) and Persisting Dry Events (PDEs) over the Central India (CI) as defined by rain spells lasting for 5-days or more, above (below) climatology represent an important component of the Indian Summer Monsoon's intraseasonal variability. However, half of such PREs and PDEs that do not overlap with conventionally defined 'active' and 'break' spells over Central India (CI) while contributing about 20% to the seasonal mean remained poorly studied. Here we find that, in contrast to more abundant longer (> 5-days) wet and dry spells over the CI, the intra-seasonal rainfall variability over the Northeast India (NEI) is characterized by higher abundance of intense shorter spells (<5 days). Physically, the difference is linked to the fact that Monsoon Intra-seasonal Oscillations with a 30-60 day time scale dominate sub-seasonal variability over the CI, whereas the 10-20 day Quasi-biweekly Mode dominates sub-seasonal variability over the NEI. While non-overlapping PDEs are associated with large-scale but lower intensity 'breaks,' non-overlapping PWEs are associated with synoptic events with relatively smaller spatial scales rather than large-scale 'active' events. Here, a percentile-based definition of 'active' and 'break' spells as daily rainfall in excess (below) 90 (30) percentile persisting for more than 3-days is proposed that encompasses almost all non-overlapping PWEs and PDEs and is expected to be more useful to the users. Contributions of the sub-seasonal fluctuations to the seasonal mean and their association with predictable drivers indicate that the seasonal mean rainfall over the NEI is significantly less predictable than that over the CI.


A method that detects the visibility of road and displays the max allowed driving velocity is introduced. A general design using this method is illustrated, the key technology and corresponding solution methods are discussed and studied.


Recent technologic advances have permitted a variety of laboratory manipulations that have made possible the selection and study of several variants of each of the three types of poliomyelitis virus. Such studies are not only revealing new and important information on the biologic and genetic constitution of the viruses, but are also responsible for the development of methods by which variants with specifically selected characteristics may be more readily isolated and "fixed." Among the many possible applications there is, of course, the desire to isolate highly antigenic but a t the same time avirulent or nonneurotropic variants of poliomyelitis virus for use in the development of live virus vaccines, following a pattern similar to that so successfully demonstrated in yellow fever. Much of the effort that has been cast in this direction by us and others has resulted in the derivation of highly promising The information presented in this report includes portions of a continuing study concerned with the experimental production of variants of poliomyelitis virus, using in vivo techniques in rodents, monkeys, and chick embryos. The spontaneous appearance of variants following the in vitro cultivation of virus will also be described. That the passage of poliomyelitis virus through rodents may result in a reduction of its virulence for monkeys has previously been observed.*! 7 , Recently, Li and SchaefferO have shown that strains of virus, types 1 and 3, may lose their virulence for monkeys following passage in monkey testicular tissue culture. Simultaneously, these variants may acquire other biologic characteristics. A further variation in type 1 virus was also noted after several alternate monkey skin passages in vivo and monkey kidney tissue cultures.s Additional possibilities for the adaptation of viruses to different tissues exist in the application of tissue grafts on the CAM of chick embryos.1° Initial experiments were begun with a number of strains of type 1, including the Mahoney strain. The latter, after a few passages in monkey testicular tissue culture, exhibited newly acquired characteristics. Two characteristics that became apparent somewhere between the 6th and 11th passages were the ability of the variant to infect mice via the intraspinal route and its loss of infectivity for monkeys via the intracerebral route. Further passage lines were carried out with this variant. These lines are shown in TABLE 1. Line I, therefore, is the direct derivative of the highly virulent Mahoney strain that no longer infects monkeys following inoculation by any route, except in an occasional monkey when groups of 6 or 12 are inoculated directly


This paper explores the process of defining an aesthetic philosophy and criteria of Timeless architecture, and using it to enhance building effect on users. An argument is made for the justification of the concepts manifested for a timeless architectural aesthetic over the continuation of the current paradigm. The various factors that influence the development of a timeless aesthetic are also discussed, including architectural concept, varying style references, and the moral and social obligation that timelessness represents. By the end, principles of a timeless aesthetic architecture are established: that timelessness represents a practical philosophy, that timelessness serves as the concept generator in the design process, and that timeless architecture is universally specific to the constraints of its concepts and style. Two case studies are also examined in relation to these principles as well as more qualitative and quantitative evaluation factors.


A long-term replicated farm systems study (1997-2005) examined changes in the biology of mixed-livestock systems associated with the shift to organic production. Two farmlets were managed using conventional farm practices (Con) and two low chemical (LC) farmlets complied with the organic production standards of BIOGRO New Zealand. The Con farmlet had higher (P<0.01) lamb, hogget, 2TH and mixed-aged ewe (P<0.01) performance than the LC farmlet due mainly to differences in the parasite challenge between the two systems. There was no evidence that the use of the Ivermectin bolus for 8 consecutive years in the Con system led to Ivermectin drench resistance. Lamb liveweight at weaning was 1.77 kg lower (P<0.001), in LC than in Con. Post-weaning, high parasite burdens (FEC) reduced (P<0.001) LC lamb growth rate. LC systems had smaller 2TH's (P<0.001) and mixed aged ewes (P<0.001) than Con systems, despite similar feeding levels, leading to lower ovulation rate and numbers of lambs born. Lamb mortality rates between lambing and weaning were similar between systems. Until production losses in young stock following weaning in LC systems are reduced, the ability of the organic industry to expand will continue to be constrained. Performance differences between systems did not change over the 9-year trial, suggesting that this study provides a good insight into the relative performance of these two systems at the stocking rate at which they were compared. Pasture composition and production, and soil biophysical and biological characteristics were similar in the two farm systems.


The purpose of this paper is to provide an adequate conceptualization of the phenomena indiscriminately referred to as "plea bargaining" or "plea negotiation." I shall move inductively from the problems associated with existing definitions in order to devise one that meets as many objections as possible. My purpose is to explore the full scope of the phenomenon at issue and ensure that the artificialities of language have not unwittingly imposed a premature cloture upon the scope of the subject.'


Little is known about the accuracy of procedural coding in the National Inpatient Sample, in part because it is challenging to validate population‐level estimates.


The word, "Alienation" is used in Psychology to refer to the condition in which a person is cut off from his own real or natural self, from reality, and from the society and other fellow beings. In context to the student population, alienation is a term used to used to describe student estrangement in the learning process (Brown, Higgins, & Pulsen, 2003). Mann (2001) defined alienation as, "the state of experience of being isolated from a group or an activity to which one should belong or in which one should be involved. Newman (1981) identified four fundamental aspects of student alienation: Powerlessness, normlessness, meaninglessness and social isolation.Powerlessness: Powerlessness refers to student perception of absence of personal control in learning.Normlessness: Normlessness reflects lack of appropriate rule-governed behavior (e.g., academic dishonesty).Meaninglessness: Meaninglessness describes alienated student's interpretation of curriculum as irrelevant to their current and future needs.Social Isolation : Loneliness and separation from peers and teachers characterizes social isolation.Alienation is a useful construct for understanding the mechanisms associated with undesirable learned outcomes and in developing strategies to circumvent student's academic failure (Redden, 2002; Taylor, 2000; Thorpe, 2003). The causes of student alienation are multifaceted including curricular, institutional and socio-cultural factors (Brown et al, 2003; Huffman, 2001; Redden, 2002; Rokach, Bauer, & Orzeck, 2003; Taylor, 2000,). Alienated students feel incongruent with curricular activities and devoid of opportunities to establish meaningful connection which results in apathy in the learning process (Parish & Parish, 2000).In higher education, the learning is largely removed from the content to be learned; individual opinion is devalued and reliance on personal perception is dismissed as unscientific. Slater (2003) identified aggression manifestations in a variety of forms as a consequence of student alienation. A range of psychological and emotional problems characterize students who are alienated from the learning process and estranged from the instructional environment (Redden, 2002). According to Brown and her colleagues (2003), the consequences of student alienation are gang activity, violence, vandalism, absenteeism, truancy and other forms of deviant behavior. Alienated students experience an inability to cope with unfulfilled social and learning expectations.According to Brown, Higgins, and Paulsen (2003) alienation in context to high school students, "signifies a separation or distance them and it is likely that some students will feel that the college is fragmentary and incomplete unless they find others in the campus environment that they can relate to until then their feelings of alienation may prevent them from fully enjoying their experience at university.Emotional Intelligence, despite the controversy regarding its conceptualization as an aspect of intelligence or that of personality, has emerged recently as a construct to be considered in context to its role in influencing the relationship between stress and mental health. Emotional intelligence (El) refers to an ability to recognize the meanings of emotions and their relationships and to reason and solve problems on the basis of them. Emotional intelligence is involved in the capacity to perceive emotions, assimilate emotion related feelings, understand the information of those emotions and manage them. The El involves the ability to monitor one's own and other's emotions, to discriminate among them and to use the information to guide one's thinking and actions (Mayer & Salovey, 1993). Thus, emotional intelligence refers to an ability to recognize the meaning of emotions and their relationships to solve problems on the basis of them (Mayer, Caruso, & Salovey, 2000).Researchers conducted since 1977 have clarified the contribution of emotional intelligence skills to academic achievement, retention, career effectiveness and personal well-being (Nelson & Low, 1981, 2003b, Nelson, Low & Vela, 2003, Low, 2000) Parker, Summerfeldt, Hogan and Majeski (2004) found that successful group scored significantly higher than the less successful group on several dimensions of EL Emotional intelligence skills such as assertiveness, communication, self-management, stressmanagement and positive change are especially important, in the transition from high school to college (Low & Nelson, 2004). …


Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of food insecurity score with the status of Covid-19 infection. Design: An online cross-sectional study. Demographic and socio-economic information were collected by questionnaire. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) was used in assessing household food security status. The analysis data was done by IBM SPSS 22.0, using Chi-square test, ANOVA test and Multinomial logistic regression model. Setting: Iran Participants: 2871 Iranian adults (over 18 years old) Results: findings indicated that men [OR=0.60, CI= (0.41, 0.87), P<0.05], and healthcare personnel [OR=3.66, CI= (1.90, 7.05), P<0.001] were at higher risk for Covid-19. It was also shown that the food insecurity score is significantly higher among infected people compared to not-infected [OR=1.03, CI= (1.00, 1.05), P<0.05]. The comparison between suspected and not-infected individuals only indicated the significant differences in perceived COVID-19 prevention score, which was higher among not-infected people [OR=0.88, CI=(0.84,0.93), P<0.001]. Conclusion: Based on the results, in addition to long-term policies to improve food security, policymakers and planners need to plan and implement short-term policies (financial or food assistance) to reduce society vulnerability to the Covid-19.


A number of different organisations are involved -public, private and voluntary -where often transport is only a small part of their activities. There are three broad bands of coordination: cooperative, consolidation of services, and integration. The paper attempts to show that coordination is not necessarily synonymous with improved services and greater efficiency; like most other transport and social policy initiatives, it should be considered in terms of both its benefits and costs. Instances where the potential for coordination is high are identified such as between schools in the use of minibuses and between social services departments, voluntary organisations and health services. This is especially the case where emergency and non-emergency ambulance services operate separately. There is considerable scope for using vehicles that would otherwise be idle at off-peak periods to provide services for people unable to use public transport as shown by the example of Coventry. Brokerage schemes can offer a degree of flexibility but require relatively large financial backing. It seems sensible to start in a small way and build up the degree of coordination. (TRRL)


The structural energy, the phonon dynamics, and the stability condition in quasi one-dimensional (1-D) conductors are discussed with the pseudopotential model including the Coulombic interchain interaction. The following cases are considered; (A) single kind and (B) two kinds of chains in crystal. For case (A), the type of mode coupling and the phonon dispersion are investigated in various states ( T > T p with and without QLRO and T < T p with LRO), and the relation of the structural energy to the phonon dispersion is indicated. When only one kind of chains is in the ordered state in case (B), the mode coupling also takes place in the disordered chain by the effect of the ordered chain and the nature of the phonon modes is clarified. The sliding motion of CDW in individual chain in 3-D crystals is also discussed.