Infrared reflection‐absorption spectroscopic (IRAS) along with work‐function measurements are presented for carbon monoxide and deuterated water co‐dosed onto Pt(111) at 110 K in ultrahigh vacuum (uhv) in comparison with coverage‐ and potential‐dependent infrared spectra for the analogous in situ Pt(111)‐aqueous electrochemical interface. The twin objectives are to assess the manner and degree to which the former ''uhv electrochemical modeling'' tactic mimics the vibrational spectral properties of the latter interface, and to exploit the additional molecular structural information obtainable for the former surface configuration in elucidating solvation effects for the in situ electrochemical system.Postdosing water onto CO adlayers in uhv yields progressive attenuation of the C–O stretching (νCO) IRAS bands associated with atop and twofold bridging coordination on the clean Pt(111) surface, being replaced by bands at lower frequencies that are more characteristic of the CO coverage (θCO)‐dependent νCO fea...


Published Ahead of Print 12 May 2008. 2008, 76(8):3439. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00245-08. Infect. Immun. Nancy E. Freitag and Zheng W. Chen Huang, Yunqi Wang, Lijun Rong, Jody A. Melton-Witt, Lin Yan, Jin Qiu, Jianbo Chen, Bridgett Ryan-Payseur, Dan Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Immunogens and Enhance Vaccine-Elicited Strains Augment Expression of Foreign Listeria monocytogenes Attenuated * Mutations in Recombinant prfA Selected


Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single‐strand RNA virus. Approximately 170 million people around the world are persistently infected and are at risk of liver cirrhosis or cancer. There is an urgent need to develop both therapeutic and diagnostic modalities of HCV. One approach to achieve these goals would be to determine highly immunodominant HCV peptides which are recognized by both cellular and humoral immunities. This study reports one such peptide, HCV‐core protein at positions 35–44, having HLA‐A2 binding motifs. IgG specific to this CTL‐epitope peptide is consistently detectable in a majority of the patients with HCV infection regardless of the different HLA types, different disease conditions, and different HCV‐genotypes tested. The sequence LPRR at positions 37–40 is considered to be the fine epitope recognized by the IgG. These results may provide new insights for the development of both therapeutic and diagnostic modalities of HCV at lower costs.


Purpose: The study assessed the fresh fish farming process along the supply chain of Kola- Kisarawe, Tanzania. It further digs into understanding the contributions for conducting fresh fish farming in the context of preparation and construction of ponds, site location for farms, harvesting and packaging as well as marketing and distribution.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A qualitative research design was adopted and data were drawn from 5 keys informant interviewees from five ponds who were selected by purposive sampling technique. Key informant interviews, documentary review and non-participant observation were used in data collection. Thematic data analysis strategy was adopted where by data gathered were analysed by content analysis using MAXQDA 2020 software.
Findings: Findings showed that fresh fish farming is conducted through construction of ponds, site location, harvesting and packaging as well as marketing and distributions. Further, findings indicate that availability of fund, proper storage, handling and marketing to mention just a few are the processes for fresh fish farming.
Research Limitation: The study focused on the practices of fresh fish farmers along the supply chain of fish farming.
Practical implication: The study recommends stakeholders to participate actively on provision of capital, search for markets and build public awareness on contributions of fresh fish farming. These findings contribute to the existing knowledge in the sector, insist stakeholder's participation with regards to improvement of fresh fish farming process.
Social Implication: Clearing shortcomings in the sector will help in improving fish farmers and traders livelihood, country's economy and employment in general.


The Age-Related Macular Degeneration is an extremely serious health problem for the elderly people. The therapeutic options are not so effective, but there are a plenty of physiopathologic theories and hypothesis for logical epidemiology and etiology. We are looking through this theoretical aspects and try to identify what is necessary for clinical practice.


The connotation of structural tax reduction includes two parts: tax reduction effect and tax structure optimization. If the proportion of tax revenue declining in GDP is taken as a criterion of evaluation,the tax cut effect is not obvious. The latest structural tax reduction is inadequate. In terms of optimizing tax structure and the practice of value-added tax transformation and value-added tax taking the place of business tax,it is argued that there is still space for improvement. The Twelfth-Five-year Plan should see a constant structural tax cut by increasing the intensity of tax cut.


Cattle are visual animals that are motivated by fear. In the wild they are ever vigilant and any novel sight or sound is perceived as a possible danger. Their ears are more sensitive to high pitched noise than human ears and their wide angle vision enables them to scan the horizon for predators while they are grazing.
Novelty can be both fear inducing and attractive. Calm cattle in a corral will approach and sniff a paper cup on the ground, but that same cup will cause them to balk and turn back if one attempts to force the animals to walk over it. Cattle are most likely to panic when they are suddenly confronted with a novel sight or sound.


Dormant partnership belongs to the civil law system whereas limited partnership to the common law system.Both of them originated from the Commenda in medieval Europe.There exists many identical characteristics as well as some differences between them.Through the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of them,it may be known that,when their influences on our economic development are concerned,establishing dormant partnership is more harmful to our economy than not doing so.However,making China's Limited Partnership Act is advisable by transplanting American limited partnership into our legislation with reference to the situations of our country.


The vegetation of Odongdo island was surveyed over twenty-nine times from April, 1982 to August, 1983. This island is located at 127。46'05'∼127。39'37'E. longitude and 34。40'20'∼34。48'14'N. latitude. The vegetation of this island consisted of 94 families, 261 genera, 314 species, 53 varieties and 6 formae. And among them were 170 species of woody plants and 203 species of herbs. The community of evergreen broad-leaved trees comprised a total of 44 species including Sasa coreana Nakai and camellia japonica L. and the distribution of evergreen broad-leaved trees was good in this island as a whole. Sasa coreana Nakai, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii Nakai, Ficus erecta Thunb., Ficus nipponica Fr. et Sav, Stauntonia hexaphylla (Thunb.) Decne, Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb., Machilus thunbergii S. et Z., Lozoste lancifolia (S. et Z.) Bl., Ilex intergra Thunb., Camellia japonica Thunb., Hedera rhombea Bean and Ardisia japonica Bl. etc. in this island were autochthonous flora and their preservation is required.


In Chile, there exists limited knowledge about quantity and life conditions of old people living in nursing homes. Also, there may be insufficient supervision and directions on how to run a long stay residential. Lack of information may not facilitate the process of selecting a nursing home. Regarding this process, support and education for families attains great importance. As a way of providing information and promote the educative role of healthcare professionals, this document intends to provide general guidelines to considerate for an appropriate nursing home selection. SUMMARY


Order is the fundamental survival for a business,and it's the driving force of production and operation activities,thus it is one of the most important work of enterprise production management to order scheduling effectively. In the condition of fuzzy order delivery time and random processing time,considering order cost and customer satisfaction,this paper puts forward the two- side matching scheduling model based on genetic algorithm. The simulation result shows that compared with the single objective optimization,multi- objective optimization has the characteristics of integrity and global.


This paper presents initial findings of a new model of care that encourages the rehabilitation of relationships between carers, families and consumers of mental health services. Many models of care have been implemented to enable service providers to achieve better outcomes for the consumer. However, many carers continue to feel pathologised by the system that cares for their family member. Improving health outcomes and services for carers needs to be as important as improving health outcomes and services for consumers. This paper presents a new model, which is based on research conducted in the trauma and family therapy fields over the past decade. This model allows service providers to improve their services to carers by reconsidering the impact and possibilities of maximizing the health outcomes for the carer and the consumer who experiences mental illness. Specifically, this model uses a triadic/systems approach, which gives the carer and consumer an effective means of reformulating their relationships. Subtleties in the treatment provided to consumers of mental health services and the service provided to their carers are contrasted and highlighted. Initial statistical support has emerged into the improved emotional health and relationships for the carer and consumer following the implementation of this model. While a stable definition of this new model continues to evolve, the core theoretical tenets underpinning this approach have remained central to the model for over 10 years. The new model has provided an approach that enables carers and consumers to effectively restructure, and manage, both crisis and remission periods of the mental illness, resulting in better health outcomes for both. This paper presents the model, discusses the theoretical tenets, presents statistics from carers and consumers of mental health services, and case exemplars of the approach. Limitations of the approach are considered along with future recommendations for research.


Test retest is an important method to assess reliability of an examination. 1295 freshmen of the year of 2000 at Taiyuan Teachers' College were retested to evaluate their proficiency, with the college entrance examination paper of the same year. Analyzing the data, we find that approximately 10% of the freshmen scored lower than the first time and that about 65% of the students did not meet the English teaching requirements at high school. The English teachers and the administration at college should take these factors into consideration when they make plans.


When a pioneering study of the effects of regular exercise on health reached the ripe old age of 22, the primary investigator organized a reunion of his former graduate students and dusted off some equipment.


Humans may integrate the information of cues into target identification. We investigate how better the human brain identifies the orientation in the presence of the known reference. We first design a psychophysical experiment of orientation identification. The subjects estimate the orientation of a line which is intersected by a known oriented reference line. Four subjects performed the identification task. Estimates of the orientations exhibit the systematic increasing biases with the angle between the target line and the reference line increasing, and then the estimation precision of tilt orientations is obviously improved. We expound the identification process by Bayesian inference theory. We assume that the subjects first classify the stimuli and subsequently identify them. Then we put forward two classification Bayesian identification models: Directly Identifying Classification Bayesian Model (DCB) and Indirectly Identifying Classification Bayesian Model (ICB), in which the Equal-precision and Variable-precision encoding are considered. We compare our models' predictions to the experimental data. The results show that the variable-precision indirectly identifying classification Bayesian model fit better to the performance.


The marketing strategy is a strategy to serve markets or market segments that are targeted by an entrepreneur.Therefore, the marketing strategy is a combination of marketing mix implemented by entrepreneurs to serve its market.Based on the formulation of the problem, this study aims to determine the marketing strategies of cake entrepreneurs in increasing cake business income.The type of research is empirical, as in this study, researchers describe a situation or phenomenon of the research object studied by developing the concept and collect reality.The research method is descriptive qualitative.From the research results, the marketing strategy applied in increasing the entrepreneur's income is by implementing a marketing mix system; product, price, place and promotion.Viewed from an Islamic economic perspective, cake entrepreneurs also apply the practices of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, namely shiddiq (true and honest), amanah (trustworthy), fathananh (intelligent), and tabligh (communicative).


The utility model provides a battery connecting component which comprises a first component, a second component and a third component. The first component, the second component and the third component are detachably assembled together, and a plurality of welding areas are distributed on the surfaces of the components according to the arrangement positions of battery electrodes. After a plurality of batteries are connected in series or in parallel, compared with the prior art, the battery connecting component has the advantages that the overall size of the batteries is small, and an electronic product applying the battery connecting component tends to be miniaturized and portable.


Purpose
This study aims to examine the relevant but overlooked intervening role of knowledge sharing and innovation capability between digital leadership and open innovation. This study hypothesizes that top management knowledge value (TMKV) can strengthen the relationship between digital leadership and knowledge sharing. In line with the resource- and knowledge-based views, the serial mediation model explains how organizations can achieve open innovation through knowledge sharing and innovation capability development under digital leadership.

Design/methodology/approach
The research hypotheses were tested with survey data collected in four different rounds, separated by three to four weeks each, from 250 employees working in telecom and IT companies. The statistical analyses relied on the PROCESS macro, which enabled a simultaneous estimation of the direct, mediation and moderated mediation effects that underpin the proposed theoretical framework.

Findings
Results showed good support for the serial mediation model. TMKV was found a significant factor to improve knowledge sharing among employees.

Practical implications
The role of leadership is inevitable in the journey of organizational performance, and digital leadership has become a significant phenomenon in this regard. To achieve open innovation, organizations need digital leadership that induce knowledge sharing and innovation capability.

Originality/value
This study contributes to extant research by explaining how digital leadership induces knowledge sharing and innovation capability to achieve open innovation that is highly important to compete and outperform the rivals.


Although the inadmissibility of polygraph evidence in the course of a criminal trial has been well-established law in Tennessee for almost fifty years, the quandary presented itself two years ago in State v. Pierce.' This case forced the Tennessee Supreme Court to balance the need to protect state citizens against sexual predators with the wellestablished rules of evidence which hold that "polygraph evidence is inherently unreliable, and therefore irrelevant and inadmissible. ' 2 In Pierce, the issue before the court was whether polygraph test results, which were performed as part of a sex offender risk assessment and encouraged by leading psychosexual analysts and researchers, were admissible in the non-capital sentencing hearing of a convicted sex offender.3 By refusing to admit polygraph evidence in sentencing hearings, the Tennessee Supreme Court has drawn the proverbial line in the sand and refuses to breach well-established rules of evidence in favor of additional proposed safeguards against sexual predators. As our society attempts to combat the seemingly growing occurrence of sex crimes, especially those committed against children, we must not let our fear of this devious behavior circumvent the fair application of our laws. We must recognize that manipulation and perversion of legal


Disease caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. One mechanism of severe disease is thought to be a cytokine storm in a subset of patients, where a hyper-inflammatory state characterized by elevated levels of circulating cytokines and chemokines is thought to portend a poor prognosis. We report on our experience in clinical laboratory assessment of cytokine levels in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We demonstrate alarming discrepancies in levels of cytokines reported by different vendors. Our findings provide a basis for the ongoing debates surrounding the relevance of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Moreover, they prompt caution when comparing cytokine levels in patients with COVID-19 and other disease entities due to potential variations in assay platforms and temporality. Our results underscore an urgent need for standardizing such tests that guide prognostication and therapeutic intervention.


Drawing on in-depth interviews with research managers, this paper argues that academic research management is ideologically close to knowledge management. The research followed a grounded theory approach. This method appears particularly suited for this inquiry, due to the absence of a dominant theoretical framework, the consequent need for extra theorizing, and the appeal to develop a theoretical account that relies on the most privileged sources of this knowledge, namely research managers. The data analysis shows that competing conceptualizations of knowledge and associated management models provide the playground for academic research management. Owing to the impact of cultural and behavioural aspects in the dynamics of knowledge creation, shaping collectively crafted courses of action—rather than managing them—aptly represents the essence of academic research management.


A wide-beam quadrifilar helical antenna (QHA) loaded with a parasitic cross dipole is presented in this paper. This antenna is designed especially for BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), which requires broad beamwidth and high gain at low elevation angle. Additionally, an optimized structure of the antenna is proposed. In this way, the size of antenna won't increase. The final results demonstrate that the proposed antenna behaves a hemispherical radiation pattern with high gain (over 0.4 dB) at the elevation angle of 0°, broad 3-dB beamwidth (over 190 degree) and wide axial ratio bandwidth. This antenna can work normally at any elevation angle, which is feasible for application when the carrier of antenna is unstable and slant.


On a theory based on insights from Plato's Republic, justice is the virtue of character, shared by individuals with their communities, that is necessary for the survival of communities against the threat of civil strife. It is a cultured response to a need arising from human nature. Justice requires the free consent of community members and depends on the wisdom of the community's leaders. It is an ideal to be approached but not to be fully achieved at the human level. An individual can grow toward justice best in a community that offers good examples to follow, is willing to improve with respect to justice, and offers opportunities for the free exercise of justice. In growing toward justice, one must seek self-knowledge and practice other virtues, especially wisdom. One must also learn to communicate (listening and speaking) so as to secure a workable consensus on one's decisions regarding justice.


This paper introduces the application of ARM controller LPC2131 in AC servo system for industrial sewing machine.Control scheme based on ARM of PMSM servo system and its simulational results are presented.


Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice worldwide. Several algorithms have been developed to detect atrial fibrillation, which either rely on atrial activity analysis or are based on the irregularity of RR intervals. This paper is addressed to study the latter type of algorithms. The main question is whether there is sufficient information in the sequence of RR intervals for reliable detection of atrial fibrillation and whether the atrial fibrillation can be diferentiatedfrom other significant ECG arrhythmias. We have tested various types of algorithms existing in the technical papers utilizing MIT-BIH databases. Except the atrial fibrillation all other arrhythmias have some regularity, self-similarity and some degree of predictability. Consequently, algorithms utilizing only the values of RR intervals without their order may misclassifY other irregular rhythms as atrial fibrillation. The best algorithms use the scatter plot of successive RR diferences or Sample Entropy. The error rate was about 5%. It is possible to create a robust atrial fibrillation detection algorithm relying only on RR intervals considering their places in the sequence.


SUMMARY A total of 120 local hens at the point of lay were randomly assigned, 2 per cage, with 10 replicates per diet in a completely randomized design, to 6 palm kernel cake (PKC)-based layer diets that contained 20% CP and 2,700 kcal of ME/kg of feed. The PKC was included at levels of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% in diets 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Diet 1 without PKC served as the control. To make the diets isocaloric, 0.5, 1.48, 3.35, 5.22, 7.11, and 8.98% palm oil was added to diets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Feed and water were offered ad libitum for 12 wk. The hen-day production (53.8 to 63.3%) peaked at dietary PKC levels of 20 to 40%. Feed conversion ratio was also the lowest in hens fed the 20 to 40% PKC-based diets, but it was poorer than the control diet for those fed 50% PKC. The least hen-day production was obtained for birds on the 50% PKC-based diet. The albumen height (3.16 to 3.73 mm) was highest for eggs laid by hens fed the control and 10% PKC diets. The egg yolk indexes obtained for hens fed 0 to 10% dietary PKC (0.2) were significantly higher than those obtained for hens fed 20 to 50% PKC (0.13 to 0.15). The yolk color score increased significantly (P


We discuss the determination of the lowest Form Factors relative to the trace operators of N = 1 Super Sinh-Gordon Model. Analytic continuations of these Form Factors as functions of the coupling constant allows the study of interesting models in a uniform way, among these the latest model of the Roaming Series and a class of minimal supersymmetric models.


The technology of depositing SiO_2 films by ECR-CVD at substrate temperature ≤100 ℃ was developed. Variations of deposition rate and refractive index under different experimental conditions were discussed. Film uniformity about 96% within Φ6 inch silicon wafers and repeatability about 97% are achieved. FTIR spectra of the thin film show a large absorption due to Si-O-Si stretching vibration near 1 050 cm~(-1) in the regular interference pattern caused by the film thickness. Absorption peaks caused by Si-H and N-H stretching vibration are beyond detectable limit, which reveals very low hydrogen content in the film.


Microstrip Inset Guide [M.I.G.] offers interesting possibilities as either antenna feed or / and millimetric transmission media for the purpose of source integration. The use of multiple dielectric layers and the positioning of the strip at any interface provides additional control if the guide is to be operated in either mode. We present a rigourous hybrid analysis of a typical structure with buried strip between two different dielectrics, with details of dispersion, characteristic impedance, conduction losses and field distribution. Numerical and experimental data are in excellent agreement.


A spray chrysanthemum 'Amber' was bred by the Flower Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2010. The cultivar 'Amber' was initially derived from the cross in 2006 between 'Delmont', a spray chrysanthemum cultivar with single type bi-color flower, and 'Moulin Rouge', a spray chrysanthemum cultivar with vigorous and single type bicolor flower. After the evaluation of the characteristics under shade culture in summer and retarding culture in spring and consecutive selection from 2007 to 2009, 'Amber' was selected finally. The natural flowering time of 'Amber' is October 31st, and it is possible to flower all year-round by shading or lighting treatment. It has single type flower with bi-color petals (GP185A/YO15B). The growth of the plant is very vigorous and the color of the petals is stable even though the variety is cultivated under high temperature condition in summer season. The diameter of flower is 5.5 cm. The number of flowers per stem is 11.2 in autumn and the preference. Days to flowering under the short day treatment are about 49 in spring and its vase life is 26.8 days in autumn season. This cultivar is resistant to white rust and the consumer's preference is higher than the control.


As the source of Chinese Poetry,The Book Of Song not only has influenced the formation of the tradition of Chinese Poetry,but also influenced the method of expressing feelings. "Bi Xing",as the main expressive method,always embodies the poets's intention with the help of outside things.This method is not good at objective expression,but good at the expression of feelings.Readers's understanding process is equal to the "re-creative" process of acceptance.Therefore,Chinese Poetry often express poets'feelings with the help of the scene.As a result,an implicit expressive effect is formed.


Introduction: During the puerperium there is a sudden drop in hormones, which facilitates greater emotional instability with a predisposition to develop mental problems.
Objectives: This research work aims to analyze the degree of satisfaction in the emotional field that women present after giving birth, related to the assistance in the emotional aspects that they have received during the postpartum period.
Methodology: A questionnaire was distributed to women who have given birth in less than a year in order to obtain information on their emotional situation and the care they have received in the puerperium.
Results: There was a direct relationship since the more information the midwife received, the better they felt after giving birth. The women in the survey did not receive any tests for the early detection of depressive or emotional pathology.
The women who have felt most informed and accompanied are the ones who have received most emotional and affective support from health professionals.
Most of the women who did not give importance to their mental health report that their midwife did not give it either.
Conclusions: Most believe that healthcare professionals have shown no interest in their emotions and that an emotional support assessment would be necessary. This work is taken as a proposal to solve deficits and routinely implement the early detection of mental problems in this population.


In this paper, the multi-scale finite element model (FEM) of a composite cable-stayed bridge, Guanhe Bridge, was established based on the Arlequin method firstly. Then a two-step multi-scale FE model updating method was proposed. Furthermore, based on structural health monitoring (SHM) system of Guanhe Bridge, support vector regression (SVR) method was employed to analyse the uncertainty quantification and transmission. It was shown that the errors between the calculated frequencies from the updated multi-scale FEM and the measured frequencies from SHM were less than 3%. In the procedure of inverse uncertainty propagation, the coincidence indexes of the structural parameters were larger than 65%. The deviations between the optimal values of the updated parameters and the corresponding statistical mean values were very small (<5%). Finally, the analysis results indicate that the distributions of the parameters agree well with the assumed normal distribution.


A proactive patient safety approach to identify no-harm incidents in home healthcare : a cohort study using trigger tool methodology.


2-phenyl ethanol (2-PEA) and 2-phenylacetaldehyde (PAA) are important perfumery chemicals which are prepared by hydrogenation and isomerization of styrene oxide (SO) respectively. Activities of Ni, Co and Cu supported on a set of zirconia-alumina supports with varying ZrO2:Al2O3 molar ratio are compared for these reactions. Zirconia was deposited on γ-alumina by deposition-precipitation. All catalysts were characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR, N2 physisorption, XPS and Raman spectroscopy. Increasing the zirconia content significantly influenced catalyst characteristics. These are correlated with reactivity: i) surface concentration of Ni, Co and Cu (XPS) decreased, which affected conversion of styrene oxide and selectivity to 2-PEA ii) 1 1 1 plane of Cu (XRD) was suppressed which enhanced selectivity of styrene by-product relative to 2-PEA iii) acidity (NH3-TPD) decreased, which adversely affected yield of PAA. Product space time yields (STY) of 2-PEA and PAA correlated well with surface concentration of active metals (XPS) and acidity (NH3-TPD) respectively. Various by-products were identified. Styrene appeared to form by deoxygenation of SO. TPR and Raman spectroscopy indicated strong interaction of Co and Ni with alumina while Cu showed strong interaction with zirconia. This reflected in their XRD crystallite size. Cu has different electronic properties than Co and Ni, which reflected in differences in their behavior. This study directly compares the performance of these transition metals in continuous flow studies and correlates catalyst characteristics with reactivity.


Two homotetrameric lactate dehydrogenase isozymes from Fluta alba and one from Ophicephalus argus were purified by combination of gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatogrphy. The final preparations were isozymically pure and used to elicit antibodies in rabbits. The immunochemical reactivities demonstrated that the amino acids of active site is not to be included in the antigenic determinants, that antibodies or unknown component of immunized rabbit serum might be responsible for the electrophoretic abnormality and that two subunits share common antigenic determinants, reflecting that these polypeptides have a common evolutionary origin.


In the paper an approach for investigating asymptotic stability of nonlinear interval timedelay system is proposed on the base of Lyapunov's direct method and interval analysis. A sufficient condition of asymptotic stability is obtained using the concept of Lyapunov-Krasovsky functional.


Software composition defines the interaction betwe n two or more modules. Advanced programming techniques, such as a spect-oriented programming and feature-oriented programming, support a wide ra nge of expressive composition mechanisms that promote a shift in the structure of pr grams: while complexity is presumably factored out of software modules, their composition code becomes more complex. In many cases, even a single composition s pecification tends to affect the structure and behavior of multiple modules. In this context, there is an increasing need for metrics that support the quantification of c mposition code properties. Without them, developers will not be able to analyz e and predict the impact of composition properties on key quality attributes, s uch as stability and reuse. This work proposes a suite of metrics which aims at supp orting the computation of composition code properties. Our preliminary evalua tion revealed that the proposed composition metrics were more indicative of reusabl e and stable modules than the existing modularity metrics. The superiority of com position metrics was observed from both global and module perspectives.


Glibenclamide treatment of hypophysectomized rats augmented insulin, somatomedin, and skeletal growth. It is unknown if the sulfonylurea can directly enhance skeletal growth. Therefore chondrocytes from normal or hypophysectomized rats and from human nose septal cartilage were isolated and cultured in a semisolid medium for 14 days at 37°C with or without glibenclamide. Colony formation was determined. Results: Colony formation (20-50 colonies) without glibenclamide was designated as 100% (M±SEM).Glibenclamide increased clonal growth. CelTs from hypox. rats formed less colonies than cells from normal rats. Therefore chondrocytes from human nose septal cartilage were cultured with and without an IGF I-receptor antibody ( IR-3, courtesy of Dr.S. Jacobs) in two dilutions: 1:50 and 1:1000. Glibenclamide (25-100 ng/ml) stimulated colony formation was completely blocked with both AK-dilutions, while in control experiments with 25 ng/ml IGF I, clonal growth was abolished with the IgF I-Ak dilution 1:50 but not 1:1000. Glibenclamide appears to be the first non-hormonal agent to augment growth of chondrocytes. The somatomedins may be involved in its action.


Received 10/4/2013 Accepted 19/3/2013  ABSTRACT This work involves the synthesis of three new chalcones (4-6) derived from saccharin. Also, preparation of pseudo chlorosaccharin (PSCl) (7), by the reaction of saccharin salt (1) with 10% (HCl) to convert it to saccharin (2) then the result reacted with (PCl5). The reaction of compound (7) with glycine, in two steps, produced the saccharin derivatives (8-9). Moreover, the reaction of compound (10) with benzaldehyde in presence of acetic anhydride and acetic acid lead to ring closure and gave the new heterocyclic derivative compound (11) of saccharin.


In this study, the removal of phenol and 2-chlorophenol using soybean seed-hulls in the presence of hydrogen peroxide is demonstrated. The performance of a stirred membrane reactor containing soluble purified SBP was compared with a batch stirred reactor containing raw soybean seed-hulls. The purified enzyme reactor proved to be ineffective while excellent results were obtained with the crude seed-hulls for the removal of phenol and 2-chlorophenol. Four sequential batch reactors containing raw seed-hulls achieved greater than 96% removal of phenol with a retention time of 20min in each reactor. A single batch reactor containing raw seed-hulls was effective in removing greater than 98.5% of 2-chlorophenol (initially at 1000 ppm) in less than 15 min. The performance of these reactors is comparable to existing HRP-based technology. The stability of the soybean peroxidase (SBP) enzyme was also examined in the presence of detergents (SDS, Tween 20 and Triton X-100). Low concentrations of the detergents significantly increased the enzyme activity and higher concentrations of detergents (up to 20% w/v) did not inactivate the SBP enzyme. These results demonstrate that SBP has good potential for the treatment of phenol contaminated solutions.


This paper reports the results of a survey conducted at a paediatric low vision clinic, of all children examined in the eight year period 1974 to 1981. The data provide a unique opportunity to identify the ophthalmic characteristics of children with low vision.

The major cause of low vision in these children has been identified, examined and compared with the results of similar studies. Other characteristics studied are distance and near vision, the type of low vision aids used and the nature of primary education undertaken by the children. The results are discussed to provide information to improve paediatric low vision care.


Realistic models have a larger number of parameters than simple models do. In such realistic models some of the parameter values will be less realistic because of the availability and the difficulty in estimation. On the contrary, a simple model with a smaller number of parameters of which reliable values are available can make reliable prediction if the simple model has involved the essential structure of phenomena. In this paper we propose a simple pair formation model for HIV spread by heterosexual transmission. By setting the parameters involved in the model as close as the actual situation in Japan, we examined whether the outcome is consistent with the observation. The outcome suggested plausible range for some unknown parameters. How to deal with inevitably ambiguous parameters is discussed. The model is ready to be used for other countries than Japan and the validity of such an analysis is also discussed.


AbstrcatSpray pyrolysis(SP) method had some advantages in control of the synthesis material composition, morphology and particle size, especially when preparing LiO_2 and LiO_2, the effect was good.The process of SP method was reviewed, the characteristics of cathode materials for Li-ion battery prepared by SP method were introduced. The shift of stoichiometry ratio was little, the material had homogeneous structure and composition, the degree of crystallinity was high.


Mingtang Xu introduces his system of healing, diagnosis and treatment, and also its context within the Taoist cosmological view. He discusses his 15-year ongoing research with treatment of cancer and the process of constantly refining his protocols. This includes inner sight and changes over healing sessions.


The influence of uniform and nonuniform heating of wall(s) on natural-convection flow in a square cavity filled with a porous matrix has been studied numerically by using the penalty finite-element method with biquadratic rectangular elements. In the present investigation, the left vertical wall and the bottom wall are uniformly and nonuniformly heated, while the right vertical wall is maintained at constant cold temperature and the top wall is well insulated. The Darcy-Forchheimer model is used to simulate the momentum transfer in the porous medium. The present numerical approach yields consistent performance over the range of parameters (Rayleigh number Ra, 103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106, Darcy number Da, 10−5 ≤ Da ≤ 10−3, and Prandtl number Pr, 0.71 ≤ Pr ≤ 10) in order to obtain the solutions in terms of stream functions, temperature profiles, and Nusselt numbers. Nonuniform heating of the bottom wall produces greater heat transfer rate at the center of the bottom wall than the uniform heating case for all Rayleigh numbers, but average Nusselt number shows overall lower heat transfer rate for the nonuniform heating case. Critical Rayleigh numbers for conduction-dominant heat transfer cases have been obtained. For convection-dominated regimes the power-law correlations between average Nusselt number and Rayleigh numbers are presented.


Abstract When assessing the strength of sawn lumber for use in engineering applications, the sizes and locations of knots are an important consideration. Knots are the most common visual characteristics of lumber, that result from the growth of tree branches. Large individual knots, as well as clusters of distinct knots, are known to have strength-reducing effects. However, industry grading rules that govern knots are informed by subjective judgment to some extent, particularly the spatial interaction of knots and their relationship with lumber strength. This case study reports the results of an experiment that investigated and modeled the strength-reducing effects of knots on a sample of Douglas Fir lumber. Experimental data were obtained by taking scans of lumber surfaces and applying tensile strength testing. The modeling approach presented incorporates all relevant knot information in a Bayesian framework, thereby contributing a more refined way of managing the quality of manufactured lumber.


To achieve more accurate algae concentration prediction models for satisfying with the needs of water bodies with different nutrients' characteristics,the algae prediction models were modified by introducing related correction factors under controlled initial conditions in the microcosm environment.Results showed that the prediction model was more precise by introducing total nitrogen(TN) as the correction factor when the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was 5∶ 1,while the model was more accurate by introducing total phosphorus(TP) when the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was 15∶ 1 and 25∶ 1.The algae concentration prediction models under controlled initial conditions in the microcosm environment were helpful to predict algae concentration accurately for water plants.


IS researchers' assessment of blockchain's business value varies considerably, resulting in diverging recommendations on how companies should apply the technology. To develop a more uniform understanding of the potential of blockchain, we propose an affordances perspective to identify action potentials of blockchain. We apply a critical realist perspective to analyze blockchain applications of the thirty largest financial institutions globally, resulting in a three-layered affordances model. While the model comprises technical, design, and business affordances, we assert that business affordances determine the idiosyncrasy of blockchain technology. By shifting the focus on business affordance, we contribute to a shared understanding and thereby bridge the chasm between different assessments of the blockchain's impact on companies and pushing full-fledged applications of the technology forward.


Objective To observe the effect of intrafascial hysterectomy by abdominal transverse skin incisions.Methods There was a contrast in intrafascial hysterectomy with 90 cases following traditional hysterectomy in comparison with the time of operation,bleeding amount,recovery situation after operation. Results Time of operation was short and bleeding amount was significantly less in intrafascial hysterectomy.There was significant difference. Conclusion There is less complication and quick recovery in intrafascial hysterectomy.It is an operation method of choice.


In the present work, a strong magnetic field was applied near the outlet of the water jet nozzle to promote the generation of multifunction cavitation bubbles. Because these bubbles contained charged species, the bubbles experienced a Lorentz force due to the magnetic field and collided with greater force. As such, the internal bubble pressure exceeded the threshold value required for fusion to occur. The expansion of these charged bubbles in response to ultrasonic irradiation affected adjacent charged bubbles so that the energy density of the atoms in the bubbles was greater than the fusion threshold. The results of this work strongly suggest that the formation of bubbles via the UTPC process in conjunction with a strong magnetic field may result in bubble fusion.


People generally consider money a necessary evil because it invokes dual effects. On one hand, it increases people's productivity and performance, but it also decreases people's sensitivity to others. I conducted three experimental studies with an attempt to reduce the negative effects of money. Results indicated that when money was framed as a social incentive, its negative effect was attenuated and people exerted more helping behavior in both hypothetical and real-life scenarios. However, when a social incentive was framed in monetary terms, the negative effect of money prevailed in hypothetical but not in real-life scenarios. Results suggested that money itself is not the root of evil or good, but rather its effects are influenced by our perceptions of its role.


Abstract This research explored the relation of endogenous testosterone levels to behavior in brief social encounters. In four studies, 358 college students whose testosterone levels were known entered a room and (1) stood and spoke to a video camera, (2) stood and talked with an experimenter, (3) sat and talked with an interviewer, or (4) sat and talked with a peer. High-testosterone students entered more quickly, focused more directly on their targets, and displayed a more forward and independent manner. Results were similar for men and women. Correlates of testosterone are visible in thin slices of everyday behavior lasting only a few seconds. The effect of this behavior on a social interaction partner remains to be determined.


An ABC guide for different Medical, Nursing, and Public Health database on how to export references into the different citation management tools: Refworks, Endnote Web & Endnote Client.


Nigeria is a developing country with severe housing deficiency. The quality of housing is particularly poor, and there is a high magnitude of housing needs while the vast majority of the populace does not have the wherewithal to make effective demand.  There has been public sector intervention to ameliorate the appalling situation over the years, beginning from the pre-independence era. Public housing schemes have been embarked upon by government in various locations nationwide. This paper appraises public housing schemes in Ado-Ekiti, the capital city of Ekiti State, Nigeria in terms of their qualitative adequacy and hence their livability. Twenty-five (25) variables were examined in 146 buildings comprising 243 cases.  Quality indices were derived for the variables which enabled the determination of a numerical value for the qualitative adequacy for each of the housing schemes studied. The qualitative adequacy values obtained indicate that the estates are barely above average in livability and thus are deserving of critical attention by the authorities concerned (the Federal Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, and the State Housing Corporation). Keywords: development, housing, public, quality, variables.


Is given the analysis of the situation which has been in a mineral-raw complex. Is given of the concept of development of mineral resources lithosphere, her basing may be on such principles as the preliminary geochemical preparation of deposits, artificial formation of deposits, controllable change of a condition a mineral waste.


Received: 23/Mar/2018, Accepted: 19/Apr/2018, Online: 31/Dec/2018 AbstractThe present investigation represents the study the role of Non-Viscous and Viscous Holographic Dark Energy (HDE) and Dark Matter (DM) for a homogeneous anisotropic Bianchi type-II, type-VIII and type-IX cosmological models within the frame work of a maximal coupling between geometry and matter represented by ) , ( T R f theory of gravity proposed by Harko


The story of the Canaanite woman within the Gospel of Matthew has received a lot of scholarly exegesis over the last century in an attempt to understand its harsh language and dismissive premise. While some scholars have attempted to highlight Matthew's seemingly positive attitude toward Gentiles and thus draw the conclusion that Matthew's community was actively involved in a mission to them, others have noted the more negative tones used by Matthew in relation to the Gentiles. This is a study of Matthew's intentional and strategic redaction of Mark's story of the Syrophoenician woman. It will examine the theological use of the Rahab story from within the Hebrew Scriptures and the problematic dialogue exchanged between Jesus and the Canaanite woman, in an attempt to reconstruct the nature of the Matthean community's suspicion, fear, and exclusion of Gentiles barring exceptional displays of faith and submission.


In our laboratory, a hydrocarbon-degrading strain of Aspergillus japonicus was found to produce extracellular lipase. Induction of lipase was possible on an easily available and cheap carbon source, like latex of Calotropis gigantea. Keeping in view the extensive applications of lipases, and to further its industrial applicability, we report the immobilization of latex-induced lipase from A. japonicus and the properties of the immobilized enzyme


After release in the rattery the digging activity of the male M. hurrianae was more (P < 0.001) than that of females...


Mapped wave-envelope elements of variable radial order are presented for the computation of time-harmonic, unbounded, three-dimensional acoustical fields. Their application to transient problems is described in a companion article (Part II). Accuracy is assessed by a comparison of computed and analytic solutions for multi-pole fields generated by a vibrating sphere. Solutions are also presented for plane wave scattering. Elements of radial order m+l are shown to be capable of modeling multi-pole components of order m, although the provision of adequate transverse resolution is shown to be a stringent requirement, particularly at high frequencies. Ill-conditioning of the coefficient matrix limits the practical implementation of the method to elements of radial order eleven or less. The utility of the method for more general geometries is demonstrated by the presentation of computed solutions for the sound field generated by the vibration of a cylindrical piston in a plane baffle and of an idealised engine ...


In order to study the application effect of the specific herbicides in flax field.We conducted plot experiments for two years and regional contrast tests for one year in four areas of Heilongjiang.The results showed that in the period of 2-5 weed leaves,the specific herbicides quantity for use was 1050ml/hm2,and the sprayed quantity was 405kg/hm2.It could completely control the damage of the weeds in flax field.The yields of flax stems and seeds were increased by 28.41% and 39.59% over the yields of the no-weeding fields,Which increased the industrial and agricultural output of 5865.35yuan/hm2.And the yields were increased by 9.16% and 25.28% over the fields sprayed with the usual herbicides.Which increased the industrial and agricultural output of 3000 yuan/hm2.It was no harmful for the flax and no poisonous.


Renewable Energy Sources are a viable solution to reduction carbon footprint and pollution. To front the high variability of the energy demand storage system must be added to RES to avoid energy curtailment.To coordinate the energy production with the demand and the storage an ICT platform operating over several levels is necessary to optimize the system behaviour.In this paper the implementation of a possible control system is described with specific reference of the PLANET project for two pilot sites located in France and Italy


Switching patients' medication to provide better value for money for the NHS is common, although very little research exists on patient satisfaction with this approach. Here, the authors present the results of a survey evaluating patient response to a number of brand changes. Copyright © 2006 Wiley Interface Ltd


The fundamental idea behind the project is to develop an automated car that can sense its environment and move without human input. This paper proposes Car automation, which is accomplished by recognizing the road, signals, obstacles, stop signs, responding and making decisions, such as changing the course of the vehicle, stopping red signals, stopping signs, and moving on green signals using Neural Network. Self-driving car processes input, tracks a track and sends instructions to the actuators that control acceleration, braking, and steering. The software tracks traffic by means of hard-coded rules, preventive algorithms, predictive modeling, and "smart" discrimination on objects, helping the software to follow rules on transport.


The authors should be commended for their efforts. Their revised manuscript is much improved and, after a few additional issues are addressed, is suitable for publication in BMC International Health and Human Rights. Most notably, the contribution of the paper to the literature – which is of great importance has been refined and clarified. The manuscript now tells an interesting and compelling story.


The paper shows that Apollon Grigoryev's lyrics is characterized by various deviations from the common stanza model. A typology of such deviations is suggested. They fall into three basic types. Type I, varying rhyme scheme, has several forms. In the first form, one or two stanzas do not fall in line with most others, which share a common structure. Stanza length is more often stable, but it may also vary. The graphic stanza break is not always present. In the second form, none of the stanza schemes is predominant; in addition, stanza length varies. Free rhyme may be viewed as the third form. In type II, metre varies, altering line length, anacrusis and adding hypercatalectic lines. In type III, rhyme scheme, stanza length and metre vary simultaneously. Perhaps Grigoryev associates this poetic device with heightened expression typical of his lyrics. At the same time, this feature of Grigoryev's stanzaic form may be interpreted as one of the steps towards the renewal of Russian poetry in the Postromantic period.


Abstract Diels-Alder cycloaddition of furfural to C60 in toluene has been realised. UV-VIS, FTIR and 1H-NMR investigations suggest that the conjugated structure of furfural was changed into a non-conjugated structure in the product.


In this paper, a high-performance current control for the single-phase PWM converter under distorted source voltages is proposed using a composite observer. By applying the composite observer, the fundamental and high-order harmonic components of the source voltage and current are extracted without a delay. The extracted fundamental component is used for a phase-lock loop (PLL) system to detect the phase angle of the source voltage. A multi-PR (proportional-resonant) controller is employed to regulate the single-phase line current. The high-order harmonic components of the line current are easily eliminated, resulting in the sinusoidal line current. The simulation and experimental results have verified the validity of the proposed method.


The composition, characteristics of the braking system of the C 32 coal hopper wagon exported to Australia are described, and the functional principles of main braking parts are analyzed.


Investigation of the lipid contents of Ocimum basilicum L. herb revealed the presence of &  amyrins,  -sitosterol, stigmasterol and ursolic acid besides nine fatty acids, the majorswere oleic, linoleic, palmitic and Linolinic acids. Forskolin diterpenoid was isolated andidentified from the semipurified extract. The hypotensive and cardiovascular effects of bothethanolic and the semipurified extract of the herb was similar to that of Forskolin.


A Survey Comparison of Virtual and In Situ Leadership Competencies by Christopher Wesley Wells MS, Florida Institute of Technology, 1996 BS, Florida Institute of Technology, 1989 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Applied Management and Decision Sciences Walden University November 2017


The strategies evaluation of E-Commerce platform has affected the platform progress and development. The quality evaluation system framework of E-Commerce platform strategy indicator is established. Fuzzy evaluation index system is put forward to consider various factors. As to indexes system, comprehensive fuzzy evaluation (CFE) model and methods are setup and used to check for practical case. Through CFE model and case study, it is concluded that, based on strategies of E-Commerce platform evaluation index system, CFE is applied to evaluate and solve the unclear boundary of E-Commerce platform strategy indicators and inaccurate fuzziness.


A building drainage system is an essential facility for building construction. The faulty performance of drainage equipment invalidates the entire system and threatens people's health. A comprehensive tool for diagnosing the drainage systems of existing buildings, based on an empirical approach and levelling methodology was validated by studying 53 building drainage systems. Drainage system faults or problems were explicitly detected for facilitating decision-making regarding retrofitting. This paper proposes a comprehensive strategy and diagnostic tool that involves using a personal computer and mobile device application to diagnose faults in existing buildings. The proposed diagnostic tool can enable applying building information modelling in managing the performance and infection risk of building drainage systems.


This article presents the findings of a home based parents support program that focuses on the human environment surrounding children. In collaboration between a health service, a public health unit and a university school of nursing in Perth, Western Australia, a three year (1995-1998) health promotion pilot project has been implemented. The program model is based on the Child Development Program developed in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in the early eighties. This empowerment program is comprehensive, rather than targeting particular issues and focuses on the family's child-rearing environment in holistic terms. Raising the self-esteem of parents is a priority on the grounds that people lacking self-esteem and confidence often struggle to cope with life events and the demands of child rearing. The program, a partnership between community child health nurses and the community, recognises and builds on the skills of experienced mothers. Through semi-structured home visits, these women provide peer support and encouragement for new parents in their fundamental role of parenting. Evaluated through the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data, the outcomes of the pilot project have demonstrated an increase in the self-esteem of mothers, and gains in child development, immunisation, breast-feeding and family nutrition. In addition there is evidence of parents 'looking out for each other' and indications of a strengthening of social cohesion in the local community.


AbstractThis article reports the results of a status survey of computer facilities currently available to education faculty and students. Specifically, the survey sought to identify the organization and management of computer labs, classrooms, and other facilities provided to support teacher training activities. Such information is helpful to those involved in planning and organizing educational computer facilities. The article then recommends directions for further studies to address questions suggested by the findings reported here.


Objective To establish HPLC determination of two-salicylic ester related substances.Methods The waters C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran-acetic acid-water(20 ∶ 5∶ 5∶ 70) as mobile phase,flow rate 1.0 mL/min,a wavelength of 303 mm.Results Two-salicylic acid ester free of impurities concentration in the range of 2.97~29.7 μg/mL have a good linear relationship(r=0.997).Conclusion This method is simple,fast,accurate and suitable for double-free salicylic acid ester impurities in the determination of the film.


Despite decades of research in Optical Music Recognition (OMR), the recognition of old handwritten music scores remains a challenge because of the variabilities in the handwriting styles, paper degradation, lack of standard notation, etc. Therefore, the research in OMR systems adapted to the particularities of old manuscripts is crucial to accelerate the conversion of music scores existing in archives into digital libraries, fostering the dissemination and preservation of our music heritage. In this paper we explore the adaptation of sequence-to-sequence models with attention mechanism (used in translation and handwritten text recognition) and the generation of specific synthetic data for recognizing old music scores. The experimental validation demonstrates that our approach is promising, especially when compared with long short-term memory neural networks.


Abstract Transformational (TFL) and transactional leadership (TAL) are foundational leadership styles in sales practice and have been intensively studied by past sales research. However, prior research conflicts on the effectiveness of TFL and TAL to help salespeople cope with the persisting changes of a global pandemic, such as COVID-19. Combining leadership theory with perceived uncertainty theory, we develop and test a longitudinal growth model explaining how TAL and TFL affect sales performance during the emerging COVID-19 pandemic. Using transactional and survey data of 16,275 customers and their respective salespeople during the first months of the pandemic, we show that sales performance declined and that TAL was more effective than TFL at mitigating the drop of sales performance. We ascribe this finding to salespeople's uncertainty resulting from the persisting changes brought about by the pandemic, which requires leaders' continuous feedback rather than a focus on long-term visions. To substantiate our findings, we conducted a second study confirming that an increase in TAL is more effective at mitigating the performance decline and that salespeople's perceived effect uncertainty and response uncertainty moderate this effect. Our findings offer timely and valuable implications for leadership theory and practice how to manage pandemic challenges.


Introduction: Anxiety is a generalized and extremely unpleasant feeling of vague dread of unknown origin which is accompanied by physical feelings like exhaustion, chest tightness, palpitations, sweating, headache, sudden desire to urinate, restlessness, and a desire to move. Anxiety is one of the most common psychiatric disorders which lead to problems in many aspects of individual, family, and social life. According to some studies, one out of every four people experiences a type of an anxiety disorder in lifetime. Medicinal plants play an important role in treating the disease and they cause milder symptoms in comparison with chemical drugs. Hence in this research, the anxiolytic effect of the extract of winter cherry (Withania somnifera) was compared with the effect of diazepam which is a chemical drug. Materials and methods: After extraction of essence from the roots of the plant, the collected root extract was injected intraperitoneally with doses of 150, 100, 75, 50, and 25،mg/kg. Diazepam was injected with a dose of 1 mg/kg and the same volume of saline was also injected 30 min before assessing anxiolytic effects. Plus-maze apparatus was used to study animal behavior. Results: The largest and the smallest amount of OAT were attributed to doses of150 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. The best dose of root extract was 75 mg / kg,becausehigher amounts of the root extract did not result in a significant difference. Conclusion: Winter cherry root extract reduces anxiety, and a dose of 75 mg/kg generated an effect similar to that of diazepam. However, it reduced locomotor activity.


Based on the quantitative research of newspapers and periodicals in the Qing Dynasty,this paper reveals the amount,the category and the development track of these newspapers and periodicals..


We examine the value relevance of voluntary versus mandatory independent director appointments based on market reaction. Our analytical model proposes that the market expects voluntary appointments to bring more positive value than mandatory appointments since voluntary appointments signal the integrity of the firm, and this signaling effect is more obvious for firms in which the market recognizes the existence of severe agency problems. Using a unique empirical setting in Taiwan, we find that voluntary appointments are associated with higher abnormal returns from appointment announcements, particularly for firms with severe agency problems, as indicated by the deviation between ownership and control.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the contextual work factors in Ethiopia and to evaluate the relative influence of each of these factors on job satisfaction (JS) of employees.

Design/methodology/approach
The study draws on a sample of shop floor workers from the leather products manufacturing industry in Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured survey questionnaire and focus group discussions. After testing scale reliability and validity, multiple linear regression was used for the analysis.

Findings
The study results suggest that the JS is mainly explained by extrinsic factors. Pay is found to influence overall job satisfaction (OJS) at least four times of other work factors. Training opportunity and ethnic diversity showed unexpected negative relationship with OJS.

Originality/value
Given the importance of understanding JS in labor-intensive industries, and paucity of research on the topic in Ethiopia, the study provides practical insights and groundwork that can guide practitioners to understand the drivers of JS in the region. Moreover, the study adds to the empirical literature that may yield important insights on organizational behavior for under-researched emerging economies, particularly for the eastern part of Africa, where nations share similar cross-cultural norms, economic and ethnic settings.


Mobile wireless sensor networks are made up of resource-constrained sensor nodes.The nodes in Mobile wireless sensor networks tend to move wirelessly from one location to another. In physically unattended and insecure areas, these networks are installed where they are vulnerable to numerous security threats, including physical security threats.Clone node attack is a physical attack in which the adversary physically compromises legitimate nodes and copies their data onto fake nodes to create clones of captured nodes. In static wireless sensor networks, comprehensive work isalready done to mitigate and detect the underlying attack. Mitigating and detecting this assault on mobile wireless sensor networks, however, remains a critical issue. To our knowledge, there is no framework-based method for bolstering multiple attacks onmobile wireless sensor networks.Consequently, this article proposes a framework-based approach that mitigates multiple attacks on mobile WSNs. To provide proof-of-concept for the framework, along with clone node attacks solution to jamming attacks is alsoincorporated in the framework. The implementation of the framework is done with the COOJA simulator and Contiki OS.


The modes and activities of the interaction of DNA and water-soluble polymer bound Schiff base nickel complex, which has been prepared by polymer analogous reaction, have been discussed according to fluorescent probe method. It indicates that polymer matrix effect and increasing solubility in water can increase the interaction of this polymer complex with DNA.


The last decades have seen an increasing trend of high-growth firms and established multinationals looking across country borders to find the optimal location for their headquarters. This thesis investigates where international firms locate their headquarters using a unique dataset of 168 headquarters' cross-border relocations to urban areas in Europe from anywhere in the world between 2009 and 2019. The theoretical background builds from not only economic geography but also international business literature to take advantage of the multi-disciplinary perspectives on the research topic. More specifically, this study enriches the understanding of which locational characteristics of agglomerations, urban environment, and country environment are central when international firms choose a location for their headquarters. Owing to these three geographical levels, this study offers an extensive and unique view of these location choices. Headquarters of international firms are prone to locate in urban areas that are close to other units of the same firm and have low taxes on especially corporate income but also on labor income, high-quality institutions and stable political environment, large airports, small population, many headquarters or other activities in the same industry sector and good availability of support services. Airports are particularly important for intermediary headquarters whose operations between the corporate center and subunits of their firm are crucially dependent on good airline connections. The importance of locational characteristics at all three geographical levels shows that a broader view across these levels contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of headquarters' location choices. The results exhibit insightful differences to previous studies in terms of country conditions, wages, airports, and distance to other units of the same firm. While few other studies focus on country conditions embodying institutions and political stability, the increasing prevalence of technology-intensive operations is likely to make them more and more important for headquarters. Measuring headquarters-specific wages instead of the general wage level suggests that, contrary to what many previous studies conclude, wages are not a central consideration in headquarters' location choices and their influence is positive when it exists. Wages thus manifest the high skills required from employees working in headquarters. Lastly, the focus on cross-border relocations of international firms' headquarters in Europe highlights the importance of airports and minimized distance between the headquarters and other units of the same firm.


Module E1 of Sanral's Gauteng freeway improvement project (GFIP) - like most projects, once you get down into the detail - reveals a number of sizable challenges. The Elands Interchange, just one aspect of this project, presents its own set of unique challenges, one of which is the relocation of a strategic water pipeline.


Inspired by the POLYMOD study, an epidemiological survey was conducted in June 2021 in one of the most densely populated and socially vulnerable sectors of Belo Horizonte (Brazil). A sample of 1000 individuals allowed us to identify, within a 24-hour period, the rates of social contacts by age groups, the size and frequency of clique in which respondents participated, as well as other associated sociodemographic factors (number of household residents, location of contact, use of public transportation, among others). Data were analyzed in two phases. In the first one, results between two SIR models that simulated an eight-day pandemic process were compared. One included parameters adjusted from observed contact rates, the other operated with parameters adjusted from projected rates for Brazil. In the second phase, by means of a log-lin regression, we modeled the main social determinants of contact rates, using clique density as a proxy variable. The data analysis showed that family size, age, and social circles are the main covariates influencing the formation of cliques. It also demonstrated that compartmentalized epidemiological models, combined with social contact rates, have a better capacity to describe the epidemiological dynamics, providing a better basis for mitigation and control measures for diseases that cause acute respiratory syndromes.


Over the last 5 years our research group has developed a range of microcapsule and particle designs adapted to the characteristics of the ingredient to be encapsulated. In this presentation, I will give examples of core-shell particles for use in electrophoretic display applications and semi-permeable and impermeable microcapsule shells for the encapsulation of large and small molecular weight species.


The State Council's 1980 decision to implement a fiscal system based on "dividing revenues and expenditures" among different levels in which each level "assumes financial responsibility for its own level" [lit., "setting up separate financial households (fenzao chifan)] has become the foundation for all reform measures relating to planning, investment, materials, distribution, and enterprises. The system has concentrated local financial interest and ultimately transformed the economic management system from one primarily characterized by vertical (tiao-tiao) divisions to one primarily characterized by territorial (kuai-kuai) divisions, or from what might be called a "strip economy" to a "block economy."


In this paper we suggest that transmit of the knowledge from one person to the other and develop of certain capacities of the students during the teaching terms can be achieved by employing certain elements that already exist within the religious background of students as long as the target student population has that sort of background, and they are willing to incorporate that into their educational development. In our case, this is especially valid for certain parts of Turkey, where our studies took place and where religion plays an important role in daily life. However, the general universal concepts that we promote here can be applied to other parts of the globe by adjusting the terminology and concepts based on the student background.


The Golden Ratio is a number that has fascinated people for centuries, from artists and mathematicians to architects and biologists, partially due to its aesthetic appeal when showcasing symmetry. Also known as phi (cp), the Golden Mean, Golden Section, Golden Number, or Divine Number, the Golden Ratio has been categorized as beauty personified, arguably incorporated into esteemed works such as Katsushika Hokusai's The Great Wave off Kanagawa (Fig. 1A), Phidias's Athena Parthenos (Fig. 1B), Salvador Dali's Sacrament of the Last Supper , Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man , and Frank Lloyd Wright's spiral staircase in the Guggenheim Museum (Livio 2002, Atlas 2003). The Golden Ratio even starred alongside Donald Duck, pi , and a tree with square roots in the educational film Mathmagic Land (Disney 1959).

Fig. 1.
Representative cultural examples of the Golden Ratio. Here, the Golden Ratio spiral is overlaid on (A) The Great Wave off Kanagawa, an ukiyo-e woodblock print made by the Japanese artist Hokusai between 1830-1833; and (B) the …


Crowdsensing leverages human intelligence/experience from the general public and social interactions to create participatory sensor networks, where context-aware and semantically complex information is gathered, processed, and shared to collaboratively solve specific problems. This paper proposes a real-time projector-camera finger system based on the crowdsensing, in which user can interact with a computer by bare hand touching on arbitrary surfaces. The interaction process of the system can be completely carried out automatically, and it can be used as an intelligent device in intelligent transport system where the driver can watch and interact with the display information while driving, without causing visual distractions. A single camera is used in the system to recover 3D information of fingertip for hand touch detection. A linear-scanning method is used in the system to determine the touch for increasing the users' collaboration and operationality. Experiments are performed to show the feasibility of the proposed system. The system is robust to different lighting conditions. The average percentage of correct hand touch detection of the system is 92.0% and the average time of processing one video frame is 30 milliseconds.


The research was conducted at Haramaya University with a group of in‐service teacher trainees in the Department of English with the aim of helping the trainees learn about the construction of reading comprehension questions. The data for the study were collected from the trainees' reading comprehension exercises and their analyses of the cognitive categories of the questions collaboratively designed in the classroom. A reflective diary was kept to record events and to reflect on them. The study resulted in three major findings. The first is that trainees develop better understanding of the pedagogical values of reading comprehension questions when they have the chance to design, evaluate and use hierarchically ordered questions themselves. The second major finding is related to the use of small‐group learning as a strategy to promote collaborative learning. The study found that a community of learning does not happen just by putting trainees together into a group. Thirdly, the study demonstrated that acti...


Based on the construction management experiences in many years,discusses the cause of the deficit of the project from the natural deficit and the artificial deficit,puts forward the measures of preventing the project cost management deficit,to ensure the steady growth of the economic benefit of the enterprise.


The article analyzes the education and teaching press as a testimony of the methods and pedagogical concepts of time and the moral, political and social ideology of a professional group. Discusses the initiatives of the Secretaria de Educacao do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, through the publication of the Revista do Ensino (1951-1978) and children's magazine Cacique (1954-1963), as an example of the educational purposes of a group of technicians, primary school teachers, which marked the teacher training and students in the state. The study of the place of press in social discourse and editorial strategies are revealed rich information about the pedagogical discourse, educational practices, the school routine, the degree of submission of teachers to programs and official instructions, the official ideology and the teachers thought, innovation strength and continuity that is, the contradictions of speech.


We have constructed an atomic beam of metastable helium atoms He(2 3S) with a mean velocity of 300 m/s (15 K) and a yield of 3×1012 atoms/s sr. The metastable atoms are produced in a dc discharge in a cryogenic environment cooled by liquid helium. Using a hexapole magnetic lens, we have increased further the beam intensity by focusing the metastable atoms. Initial studies show a factor of 2.5 increase in the beam flux but more is expected when the hexapole is constructed from permanent hexapole magnets. The He(2 3S) atoms are subsequently loaded into a magneto-optical trap.


The paper presents the assessment of the impact of local protection of degraded forest stands for 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 20 year periods in the Koraput region of Odisha, India on the structural characters of the herbaceous vegetation. The pooled number of all plant species in all the stands was 173 under 151 genera and 57 families. Total individuals of all herbaceous species recorded were 84, 62, 65, 66, 58, and 53 plants m -2 in 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 20 year stands, respectively. Herbaceous stand basal area was 3.4, 1.83, 1.83, 1.86, 1.62, and 1.45 cm 2 m -2 in 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 20 year stands, respectively. Importance value index (IVI) revealed that Chrysopogon aciculatus, Desmodium triflorum, Vicoa indica, Capillipedium assimile, Jasminum arborescens and Ageratum conyzoidis predominated in 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 20 year stands, respectively. Dominance-diversity curve for the six herbaceous stands showed lognormal distribution. Shannon's diversity index (H') and Simpson's dominance index (C) for the six herbaceous stands were almost same in all the six stands. The shift in dominance of herbaceous species with longer protection age suggests the initiation of stabilization process and establishment of shade tolerant species.


The invention discloses a hybrid plug connector, which comprises a plug body, a row of signal terminal assemblies and a row of power supply terminals, wherein each power supply terminal comprises two conducting plates which are independent and symmetrical and are combined together; each conducting plate comprises a first fixed bulge and a second fixed bulge; each second fixed bulge is located at the lower part of the corresponding first fixed bulge; and when the power supply terminals are arranged on the plug body, the first fixed bulges and the second fixed bulges clamp beams which are located in corresponding power supply terminal fixing channels along the vertical direction, so that the power supply terminals are prevented from shaking up and down to fall off.


Petrol being loaded or unloaded from camels at Hamilton Bore, South Australia, during a motor trip from Oodnadatta to Darwin by Neville Fraser, Lord Stradbroke and others.
Comments: In 1924 Neville Fraser accompanied the Governor of Victoria Lord Stradbroke and others on a motor sight-seeing trip from Oodnadatta, South Australia to Katherine and Darwin, Northern Teritory. Hamilton bore is approximately 120kms north of Oodnadatta.
Inscription: "Camels carrying petrol, Hamilton Bore" is written in white ink underneath the photograph.
Previous Control Number: UMA/I/6057
Previous Control Number: PA/118


A important compete in bone tissue engineering is the development of constructs serving as scaffolds to fill bone defects and promote bone regeneration. In this study, highly porous almost (75%) nanostructured hardystonite/biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds (BCPS) with inter-connected porosity was developed using various hardystonite (HT) contents via space holder technique. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques was employed to evaluate different samples. In addition to, the agents of scaffold composition on mechanical behavior, bioactivity and biodegradability was studied. Also, the results showed that the produced scaffolds had an average pore size and density between 250-350 μm and 2.2±0.4-1.7±0.2 gr/cm3, respectively, depending on the hardystonite (HT) with different contents. Furthermore, increasing the hardystonite content of scaffolds from 0 (control) to 30 wt. % enhanced the bioactivity test, biodegradability and compressive strength from 1.1±0.1 to 3.1±0.2 MPa, respectively. Besides, MTT assay also confirmed that the BCPS30 (containing 30 wt. % of hardystonite) significantly promoted cell viability and cell adhesion compared to BCPS 0. Totally, our project suggests that nanostructured hardystonite/BCPS with improved biological and mechanical behavior (properties) could potentially be used for biomedical engineering such as bone tissue engineering application.


Abstract : Over half of active duty military personnel are overweight (Bray et al., 2006). Compared to non-overweight status, overweight status is associated with greater health risk, poorer health status, and lower physical fitness. Although much research to date has examined individual factors associated with overweight, the role of environmental factors has received less attention. The purpose of the proposed study was to examine the extent to which objective and perceived food proximity to base food outlets is associated with both military base food consumption frequency and body mass index among military personnel. Participants were 192 Air Force personnel stationed at Andrews AFB who worked in buildings with different proximity to base food outlets.


level, leaving little room to maneuver toward a compromise. The authors' conclusion that they were able to achieve the objective of demonstrating the feasibility of key members of state political and administrative leaders, is strongly endorsed. While learning that mail surveys fall far short of providing an efficient mechanism for assessing the knowledge and beliefs of state elites, the authors found that such individuals were not only willing to participate, but that they also seemed to enjoy it. Thus, others interested in projects along similar lines should be encouraged since the authors here did get responses from the right people and those responses seem reasonable. The authors also claim that they met the objective of assessing the potential for corrections reform. While noting that they may have made their assessment at a time when liberal approaches were at their highest, they maintain that key leaders will continue to support the liberal stances evidenced at the time of the study. But "potential" can only be determined after an act has occurred and here the authors misread the sentiment of the late 1970's that deterrence and punishment are in the ascendence and the liberal elite have not been able to stand their ground. It would appear that the statement presented by the authors as speculation at the time, now may be close to representing reality. If the liberal climate of 1973 was mainly a shallow reflection of what were the then current "in" criticisms of the criminal justice system, then we can expect that some of the elites have changed to mirror the new fashionable views (at 147). While one may complain about theinability of the authors to use their techniques and findings to predict the future, one can only applaud the quality of the effort and admire the unique approaches to analysis that translates complex statistical interactions into understandable insights. It may well be that this work has provided us with the tools to develop sufficient understanding of this special area of decision making such that we can intervene and shape the future. Indeed, if bold individuals had been on the scene in 1973 to apply the knowledge now available, perhaps the "potential" for liberal reform could have been transformed into improvements in the system, making the return to punishment and deterrent models much more difficult. LAWRENCE A. BENNETT Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois THE CANADIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM. By Alice Parizeau and Denis Szabo. Lexington, Ma.: Lexington Books, 1977. Pp. 240. $16.00. As Lloyd Ohlin has indicated, it is rare indeed to find criminologists who are more than superficially acquainted with systems of criminal justice other than their own. One reason for this is the lack of adequate descriptive material within comparative criminology. The authors of this volume have made one step toward alleviating this problem by presenting a concise yet thorough overview of the Canadian criminal justice system. This book was written for two purposes: "One was to summarize and present in a single volume all the information that could be obtained from the study of many documents and official reports. The other was to compile a source of data that could be used to facilitate comparative studies with other criminal justice systems . ... " Within the limits of a short volume, I believe the authors have been quite successful. This volume has, however, one major drawback. Despite the avowed intentions of the authors, they do not simply provide a non-analytic description of the Canadian criminal justice system. In the introductory chapter, the philosophy of social defense is presented as an analytic framework which, it is purported, has guided Canadian criminal justice legislation. This analysis is inaccurate: the formal precepts of social defense are quite alien to Canadian criminal justice. Parizeau and Szabo are correct when they state that, "the philosophy of [Vol. 69


The 2212 phase formation during annealing of melt textured Bi–2212 (Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_ x ) was investigated using differential thermal analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. After zone melting, the material is multiphase consisting of 2212, 2201, Sr_1− x Ca_ x CuO_2, and the eutectic. The 2212 phase formed is highly perfect with less than 5% intergrowths of 2201 layers; the 2201 phase shows no intergrowth of 2212 at all. In the first period of the annealing, remelting of the eutectic leads to fast oxygen diffusion and a high 2212 formation rate. The 2201 → 2212 transformation proceeds via intermediate states of high defect density. The 2212 grains contain up to 30–70% 2201 intergrowths. Further heat treatments lead to an annihilation of the great majority of intergrown 2201 layers. We propose a model for the formation of 2212 grains with a low planar defect density, based on frequent stacking faults, that allows diffusion of Ca- and Cu-atoms over a short distance. The model provides a schematic description of this solid-state process and correlates it to the characteristic microstructural features of melt-processed Bi–2212.


This study analyzed fans' knowledge and acceptance of baseball statistics portrayed on regional broadcasts, with a particular emphasis on modern/advanced statistics. By way of Major League Baseball (MLB) team subreddits, fans were surveyed and quizzed on their knowledge of a variety of baseball statistics; they were also surveyed regarding how new or old school they are as a fan, as well as their levels of Schwabism and mavenism. Results indicated that MLB team broadcasts placing greater emphasis on modern statistics produce fans who are more accepting of and knowledgeable about advanced statistics. While new-school fans and those high in Schwabism and mavenism were found to be more favorable towards modern statistics, controlling for those attributes strengthened the association between team broadcast and modern statistical acceptance and knowledge. Through the lens of social cognitive theory, potential ramifications for statistical portrayals and the influence on both learning and unlearning are discussed.


Chinese word segmentation is a fundamental problem in natural language processing. CRFs (Conditional Random Fields, CRFs) is an undirected graph model. It can work well with a variety of features, full use of the text information. Thus, this article adopts CRFs based Chinese word segmentation. This paper first gives the definition of CRFs model, the model parameter learning methods and reasoning algorithms. Then, it introduces the word tagging system which is widely used in Chinese word segmentation. The Bakeoff 2005 corpora are used in Chinese word segmentation experiments, and we achieve an excellent result on both MSRA and PKU corpora. The F-Measures on both corpora are 0.964 and 0.943, while the ROOV Values are 0.705 and 0.765.


The paper has the information about the model and working of electromagnetic rail gun. The basic idea of study is Lorentz Principle and applications of this principle. The model can be translated as the simple model of a loop which is made from a current carrying wire and studying the loop properties in an external magnetic field. Although applying this idea on a practical system has its own difficulties and necessities. These necessities and difficulties are discussed in this paper. The concept of launching the projectile using the electromagnetic field under the influence of external magnetic conditions is a new concept. this type of concept is a future development concept but however It has been demonstrated how this concept is effective.


Tracking and detection of moving target is very popular in the domain of current computer vision technology.A detection method about moving objects based on adaptive threshold and a method of track-association to follow up the scent of multiple objects are introduced.The results of the experiment show that this method has solved the problem of multiple targets tracking very well.It meets the request of practical application better.


The invention provides an integrated heat absorption, storage and exchange device, which mainly comprises a tank body (1), a heat absorption structure (2), a heat insulation structure (3), a heat storage medium and a heat exchange structure (4), wherein the heat absorption structure (2) is arranged on the tank body (1), the heat insulation structure (3) is arranged outside the tank body (1), the heat storage medium is arranged in the tank body (1), the heat exchange structure (4) is arranged in the heat storage medium, the tank body (1) is positioned on a focal line or near to a focus of a solar gathering system, the heat absorption structure (2) is directly arranged on the whole surface or the partial surface of the tank body and is used for transforming received solar light into heat and transforming to the heat storage medium in the tank body, and the heat exchange structure (4) is used for transmitting and regulating heat in the integrated device by a heat exchange medium flowing through the heat exchange structure (4). By the system, complicated pipeline arrangement and management of a heat transfer system are reduced; and the system is simple to manufacture, has higher reliability and lower construction cost than those of the ordinary system.


e) User education and the changing role of the librarian It was recognised that user education was essential to overcome resistance to technology and other developments in information storage, such as microform. The Group also noted the changes these developments were bringing to the role of the librarian: traditional card catalogues and printed retrieval tools were widely used directly by the researcher; databases, at present, were most commonly used through a trained intermediary, whether librarian or computer specialist.


Four different categories of metallic complex colloids were prepared by chemical reduction,and studied on their absorption spectrum,formation mechanism and SERS-activity.


The colour reaction of zirconium(IV) with xylene orange and 2,4-dihydroxy- acetophenone benzoylhydrazone in the media of HCl has been studied. Zirconium(IV) reacts with xylene orange and 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone benzoylhydrazone to form a complex with maximum absorption at 552 nm when HCl concentration is 4.0 mol/L. The apparent molar absorptivity is 9.2×10~(4) L·mol~(-1)· cm~(-1). More 20 coexistence ions are not disturbance to determined. This method has been applied to determinate zirconium(IV) in mixture containing coexistence ions, the result is satisfactory.


T-joints of 1.6 mm thick 6013 sheet were produced using a 3 kW Nd:YAG laser and different aluminium filler powders. Pores were observed in the fusion zone exhibiting a dendritic microstructure with interdendritic regions rich in silicon and copper. Using highlyalloyed filler powders, microhardness measured in the fusion zone exceeded that of the base alloy 6013-T4. A post-weld heat treatment to the T6 temper increased the hardness, indicating precipitation of strengthening phases in the fusion zone. Tensile strengths of Tjoints in the as welded T4 condition were in the range from 65 to 80% of the ultimate tensile strength of the parent sheet 6013-T4. Increase in strength due to post-weld heat treatment was moderate. The corrosion behaviour of welds exposed to an intermittent acidified salt spray fog was similar to that observed for the base material.


In this paper, a mathematical model which describes the explicit time dependent quasistatic frictional contact problems is introduced and studied. The material behavior is described with a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive law with time-delay and the frictional contact is modeled with nonlocal Coulomb boundary conditions. A variational formulation of the mathematical model is given, which is called a quasistatic integro-differential variational inequality. Using the Banach's fixed point theorem, an existence and uniqueness theorem of the solution for the quasistatic integro-differential variational inequality is proved under some suitable assumptions. As an application, an existence and uniqueness theorem of the solution for the dual variational formulation is also given.


Research Question: What is the influence of maternal nutritional status during pregnancy on the birth weight? Objective: To assess the effect of maternal nutritional status during pregnancy on the birth weight of the baby among tea tribe women in Dibrugarh district. Study Design: Field-based cohort study. Setting: Five tea estates in Dibrugarh District, Assam. Period of Study: One year (April 1998 to April 1999). Participants: A cohort of non-pregnant currently married tea garden women of reproductive age group (15-44 years) from similar socio-economic background. Materials and Methods: Oral questionnaire for age, family structure, obstetric history, annual income, and period of gestation. Anthropometric measurements of weight and height were recorded using bathroom scales and the anthropometric rod. Measurements of weight were repeated during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Birth weight of the baby was recorded at delivery, irrespective of the period of gestation and mode of delivery. Statistical Analysis: Correlation co-efficient, standard deviation, and regression analysis. Results and Conclusions: Of all, 88% mothers had pre-pregnant weight of <45 kg, and 61% babies had birth weight <2500 gm. Subjects with better pre-pregnant weight had corresponding favorable total weight gain, resulting in better birth weight of the babies. Pre-pregnant weight had direct positive linear relationship with the birth weight. There is a need to improve the nutritional status of the adolescent girl in order to build up her pre-pregnant weight for a favorable birth weight.