Glass cinema Slides are similar to glass lantern slides. The slides are photographic images either created on an emulsion coated onto a glass plate or a section of photographic film sandwiched between two glass covers. The slides are intended to be viewed by projection onto a screen. The slides were used in many ways, such as advertisements and "sing-a-longs", during cinematographic performances from the dawn of cinema until the late 1970's. Typically slides are robust, with physical damage the most common form of deterioration. However the National Film and Sound Archive (NFSA) collection contains examples of slides with significant crystalline growths that have formed within the slide. Four slides from the 1930's, both black and white and hand colored, were made available to be deconstructed to closely examine the nature of the growths. The slides were deconstructed by removing the paper binding tape and separation of the glass plates. This was done in a way that permitted the slides to be reassembled with the original tapes intact. Raman Spectroscopy identified the substance as sodium sulphate. Further testing using FTIR Spectroscopy proved inconclusive. Previous research by Ishikawa had determined that the adhesives used were unlikely to be the source of the sodium sulphate. There was little technical information found on the paper used as the binding tapes. However based on the physical characteristics of the material required it was thought that kraft paper was possibly used. The limited information also indicated that kraft paper may be the source of the sodium sulphate. However, since the information is scant, further research is being conducted to follow this suggestion through. The simplest approach to removing the sodium sulphate by gently swabbing with water was followed. However due to the water soluble nature of the color dyes great care was needed, as was the requirement to avoid drying marks. Introduction Glass Lantern or Cinema Slides are positive transparent images on glass designed to be viewed by projection onto a screen. The process for manufacture of a lantern slide required a negative to be exposed onto a photographic glass plate to form a positive image for projection. Later processes used a gelatin plate process to develop the image and photographic manufacturers used plates coated with silver chloride or silver bromide plus other organic compounds for the process. The photographic image was produced in monochrome and could be tinted, chemically Yates, K. et al Crystalline Deterioration on Glass Cinema Slides Topics in Photographic Preservation, Volume Fifteen (2013) 210 toned or hand colored. As the 20 century moved on, lantern slides were also made on film supports that were then sandwiched between glass. Figure 1: Typical glass slide structure. Once the photographic image was produced on glass it was sandwiched with a cover glass and then sealed around the edges with binding tape. Binding tapes made of paper with the adhesive already applied were sold commercially. The adhesive was activated by moisture and was usually gum based. Research Aims The National Film and Sound Archive (NFSA) hold a large collection of Glass Lantern and Cinema Slides. Within this collection there were a small number of slides exhibiting a white crystalline deterioration. As the most common type of deterioration for lantern slides is usually breakage of the glass support or damage to the photographic image layer, the deterioration on these slides was uncommon. The aim of this research project was to identify the nature of this white crystalline deterioration. Once the nature of the crystalline substance had been confirmed, the information was to be used to develop a hypothesis of how and why this deterioration process occurred and to develop a treatment plan for the safe treatment of the deteriorated slides. Four glass cinema slides, two colored and two black and white, were chosen for testing. No provenance or documented history was found to provide information on the age, usage or the storage conditions of these particular slides prior to their acquisition by the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia. Investigation into the printed information on the paper binding tape of the pink colored glass slide, stating the glass slide manufacturer's name and address (Fig. 2), suggested that this slide was made in the early 1930's by Gunn's Slide, 9 Collins Place (Melbourne, Australia), between 1926 and 1938. Figure 2: Binding tape showing the name and address of the slide manufacturer. Yates, K. et al Crystalline Deterioration on Glass Cinema Slides Topics in Photographic Preservation, Volume Fifteen (2013) 211 This information, as well as research into the song lyrics reproduced on the slides, indicates that it is probable that the slides were made around the same time that the songs were released. This would date the slides to be around 70 to 80 years old. Methodology It was essential that all testing techniques conducted on the glass cinema slides had to be nondestructive. A treatment was sought to remove the aesthetically blemishing and potentially pernicious substance. It was also important that once the research had been conducted and any appropriate treatments carried out, the slides could be reconstructed and the original paper binding tapes re-adhered to the glass. Microscope Examination A microscopic examination of each glass cinema slide being used in the research was carried out using an Olympus SZX9 microscope. Images were taken at several locations on each slide to examine the physical characteristics of the crystalline formation. Examples of these are shown in Figure 3. Figure 3: Photomicrographs of deterioration. Yates, K. et al Crystalline Deterioration on Glass Cinema Slides Topics in Photographic Preservation, Volume Fifteen (2013) 212 Slide Deconstruction To access the white crystalline deterioration, the cover glass on each slide had to be removed. The paper binding tape was detached from the glass slide on one side only, leaving the tape adhered to the other side of the glass slide. This was accomplished using a preservation pencil to relax the adhesive and soften the paper tape. It was then possible for a septum lifter to be guided under the edge of the paper tape and the paper lifted up to detach it from the glass. This method of removal was generally straightforward except in a few areas which had an excess of adhesive. There were also some places where the tape was better adhered onto the vertical sides of the glass; it was hypothesized at the time that this may have been due to the deterioration process. Once the paper tape was removed, the cover glass of the cinema slide was separated using a scalpel to pry the edges of the slide apart and break the seal. After separation, the crystalline formation was evident on both parts of the deconstructed slide. Raman Spectroscopy Raman Spectroscopy was chosen as a testing technique because of its non-destructive quality and minimal sample preparation requirement. It was serendipitous that the cover glass of the cinema slides fitted perfectly onto the Raman microscope stage eliminating the need to remove samples from the glass. The Raman Spectrometer was set for testing using a 785 nanometer laser. This laser being closer to near infra-red, has lower energy than the alternative 653nm laser, thus reducing the potential for fluorescence in the test sample. Raman Testing was undertaken at the University of Canberra with the assistance of Alana Treasure, Paintings Conservator at the Australian War Memorial. The testing was carried out in two separate locations on each cover glass. Initially, two visibly different areas of deterioration were chosen. However the finer thread like deterioration was not picked up by the Spectrometer and results showed peaks only for glass in these areas, possibly because the deterioration was too thin. Therefore each testing area was chosen for its solid white appearance (see figures 4a & 4b). Fig. 4a: Threadlike deterioration. Figure 4b: Solid white deterioration as seen through the Raman microscope. Yates, K. et al Crystalline Deterioration on Glass Cinema Slides Topics in Photographic Preservation, Volume Fifteen (2013) 213 Binding Paper Test The initial examination of the slides indicated that the crystalline deposits appeared to have started at the edges of the slide and progressed towards the centre of the slide. This suggested that the source of the crystalline substance was possibly external to either the glass or photographic image. A test was conducted to see if any deterioration products could be extracted from the paper binding tape using a simple water extraction. A section of binding tape was removed from the black and white slide titled "My Shining Hour" (1) and the blue tinted slide titled "I'm Saying Goodbye with a Sigh" (2). Two test tubes were set up and the binding paper placed in the test tubes with 5mls of distilled water. After a week, the water in test tube 1 was slightly cloudy while test tube 2 was less so. The water from each test tube was qualitatively transferred to small beakers and the water was evaporated by heating (65-90C). After the liquid had evaporated a brownish residue remained in the bottom of each beaker. A sample of each residue was analyzed by FTIR Spectroscopy. Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) As a complimentary test and to confirm the Raman results, FTIR testing was undertaken at the National Archive of Australia. With the assistance of the Archives' Conservation Chemist, Ms Rajani Rai, analysis of samples of the crystalline substance was carried out using a Thermo Nicolet Nexus FTIR spectrometer in attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode. Samples from each of the cover glasses from the four cinema slides were tested individually and samples of the residue from the extract of the two binding papers were also tested. Crystal Growth Experiment The morphology


A MOUSE MODEL OF TOLUENE ABSTINENCE-INDUCED PATHOLOGY by Sean P. Callan December 2016 Advisor: Dr. Scott Bowen Major: Psychology Degree: Doctor of Philosophy The intentional misuse of volatile solvents is a persistent public health concern. Limited self-report data suggests that chronic inhalant abusers experience withdrawal symptoms including anxiety and seizure symptoms. However, these symptoms have never been explored in a preclinical model and are not considered part of the DSM-V criteria for an Inhalant Use Disorder. For this experiment, 76 young adult male Swiss Webster mice were exposed to either 5,000 ppm toluene vapor or air (0 ppm) for 24 consecutive hours beginning on postnatal day (PND) 30. Following the 24 hour exposure, mice were allowed to recover for 3 hours before behavioral testing began. In the 1st experiment, mice were tested for handling-induced seizure activity every hour for 6 hours (and again at 24 hours). As compared to controls, toluene-abstinent animals showed persistent clonic seizure activity throughout the 6 hour period. In the 2nd experiment, mice were given a single i.p. injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 42 or 48 mg/kg) to induce seizure activity. Mice were observed for 30 min and seizure activity was scored for severity using criteria adapted from the Functional Observational Battery. As compared to air controls, toluene-abstinent mice displayed a significant increase in seizure symptoms. In the 3rd experiment, previously exposed toluene mice were re-exposed to toluene vapor for 30 min following the three hour abstinence


This paper investigates the inhomogeneous behaviour of metal matrix composites subjected to micro-indentation by a spherical indenter, using 3D finite element analysis. This includes the effects on hardness of volume fraction of reinforced particles and (indenter):(particle diameter) ratio. It was found that increasing the volume fraction of reinforced particles and the (indenter):(particle diameter) ratio increases the resistance to deformation of the composite. The hardness varies in a complex way with the changes of load, volume percentage of particles and (indenter):(particle diameter) ratio.


A ring R is called a left (right) SF-ring if all simple left (right) R-modules are flat. It is known that von Neumann regular rings are left and right SF-rings. In this article, we study the regularity of left SF-rings and we prove the following: 1) if R is a left SF-ring whose all complement left (right) ideals are W-ideals, then R is strongly regular; 2) if R is a left SF-ring whose all maximal essential right ideals are GW-ideals, then R is regular.


This article explores the linkages between industrial energy use and hazardous waste generation. The U.S. manufacturing sector faces intense global competition. Production efficiency must be re-examine and, in some industrial sectors, boosted. But waste generation-air, solid,hazardous or water-and energy consumption are both inversely related to process efficiency


An unconventional approach for guaranteeing the nonexistence of zero-input limit cycles in fixed-point state-space digital filters using saturation arithmetic is presented. The approach is based on a 'passivity' property associated with the multiple saturation nonlinearities. Under certain conditions, the approach specializes to the known approach based on the sector information of the nonlinearities. >


BACKGROUND: The red blood cell (RBC) endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has been shown to regulate intrinsic RBC rheologic properties, such as membrane deformability, suggesting that a functional eNOS could be important in RBC viability and function during storage. This study examines the correlation between RBC eNOS deficiency and the propensity of RBCs to hemolyze under selected stress conditions including prolonged hypothermic storage.


A small series of substituted cinnamic acid amides was prepared and screened for their cytotoxic activity. As a rather astonishing and unprecedented result, compound 5 holding a triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) protecting group at position 4 of the aromatic ring was highly cytotoxic (EC50 = 3.2 mM for HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells) while analogs with a methoxy or hydroxyl group at this position were of low cytotoxicity or not cytotoxic at all.


Stable economic development of the socialist national economy in the eighties and beyond, as indicated by the decrees of the Twenty-Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, can only be ensured by accelerated utilization of the achievements of scientific progress in engineering and technology. With respect to industry, this means the need to produce an output which meets the requirements of society with regard to its range, quality and cost with a minimum expenditure of materials and labor resources. Society's requirements change, of course, with time and they are influenced both by specific historical conditions and by current resources. With the increase in requirements for quality of output and efficiency of production the tasks of industry are becoming more complicated. The successful solution to these problems depends in many ways on to what extent the system of economic indexes used to evaluate the results of the work of branch factories and the branch as a whole defines the actual contribution of the teams to the final production.


The knowledge conversation is the hinge link in the process of knowledge management,and it is also the most radical impulse in the process of innovation.A theoretical model between knowledge conversation and innovative performance was built,and SEM was applied to test assumptions and model by gaining data from 154enterprises,which revealed the effect and the micro path mechanism of knowledge conversation on improving innovative performance.


This paper examines how mothers negotiate the sometimes tricky waters of presenting
themselves as 'moral' given potential or actual breaches against social norms governing
motherhood. I look particularly at the case of divorce/separation and lone motherhood in
Finnish women's written life stories. The life stories offer insights into how individuals account
for their actions in situations where they face the moral dilemma of clashing ethical norms –
care for self and care for children – and how individuals with a (potentially) 'spoiled identity'
manage a moral presentation of self. The paper concludes by critically examining the
consequences of using written life stories rather than face-to-face interviews as data in a study
of the moral tales that individuals tell.


The LHCb detector is due to be upgraded for processing high-luminosity collisions, which will increase the load on its computation infrastructure from 100 GB/s to 4 TB/s, encouraging us to look for new ways of accelerating the Online reconstruction. The Coprocessor Manager is our new framework for integrating LHCb's existing computation pipelines with massively parallel algorithms running on GPUs and other accelerators. This paper describes the system and analyzes its performance. Document Status Sheet 1. Document Title: LHCb GPU Acceleration Project 2. Document Reference Number: LHCb-PUB-2015-021 3. Issue 4. Revision 5. Date 6. Reason for change Final 1 October 5, 2015 First version Final 2 October 12, 2015 Fixed a typo in batching performance numbers. Expanded acknowledgements.


Short wavelength infrared (SWIR) photovoltaic diode structures made of InGaAs material were grown on GaAs by means of molecular beam epitaxy. Growth quality and composition of the layers are determined by HRXRD. The electrical characterization is performed by Current-Bias characterization (proposal) and spectral resolved measurements to determine the resistance area product (R0A) and the spectral responsivity (R) of diodes. The processing is performed with standard photolithography and micro-structuring techniques aiming at the production of 1D and 2D infrared camera arrays. The diced IR sensor is flip chip assembled on a Silicon read out integrated circuit (ROIC). Linear arrays of 256 pixels with 25 μm pitch were fabricated as well as focal plane arrays (FPA) of 256 × 320 pixel with 30 μm pitch. Measures of electrical interconnection yield will be shown. Functionality is proven for different applications up to 2.5 μm wavelength.


This research early from fact in school that study method which is often used to explain Iesson items to student only using method deliver a lecture with blackboard and book print resulting study process only teacher centre on. To overcome the mentioned, in course of study can be used media study of which can improve the understanding of student one of them that is LCD Projector. This research aim to to know how big influence of usage of media of LCD Projector to study result Network Electrics and Electronics in vocational high school (SMKN) 5 Padang. This research use approach of Quasi Experimental Design using control group postest desain. This research subjek is class student of X TITL vocational high school SMKN 5 Padang academic year 2012 / 2013, consist of four class, then selected two class that is X TITL 2 consisting of 29 student as experiment class and X TITL 4 consisting of 29 student as control class. From result of research seen that class of quasi experiment using of LCD Projector have average value 77,51, higher in comparison with control class which not use of LCD Projector average value 71,31. Thereby can be concluded that there are influence which signifikan usage of LCD Projector to study result Network Electrics and Electronics in vocational high school SMKN 5 Padang . Keywords: Pengaruh, LCD Proyektor, Hasil Belajar


Resident participation and official management is a dialectical existence concerning community's development.The case study of the construction of a community work group in Jialian Street,Siming District,Xiamen,reveals problems of weak sense of participation of residents and poor age structure and educations of the community work group.It also suggests that efforts be made to enhance residents' awareness in participation and build variety of grass-root residential organizations in the community.


We utilize singular spectrum analysis based post-processing approach to reduce distance measurement uncertainty for moving targets in dual-comb absolute ranging.© 2019 The Author(s)


Investors need to observe all the factors in their total wealth allocations and adjust their portfolios accordingly based on nonfinancial assets.


Ethnopharmacological relevance: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted to collect information of medicinal plants on Arthritis relating to anti-inflammatory and Analgesia effect by Chaoshan-Shantou People living in Guangdong.
Aim of the study: This investigation was to document valuable knowledge represented as Chaoshan herbal medicine.
Materials and methods: Information was obtained from interviews and by reviewing studies of Chaoshan and Cantonese reported in the literature.
Results: Our data covered 86 species belonging to 82 genera in 52 families. In the search of the PubMed database, there are 28 herbs that have been studied, which have the most anti-inflammatory effects of the herb, followed by analgesia.
Conclusions: Due to the rapid disappearance of urbanization and industrialization of traditional culture and natural resources, indicating that the recorded information may be lost forever. Therefore, there is an urgent need to record the value of Chaoshan medicinal knowledge and encourage the transfer to the next generation.


Discrete resonance Raman scattering (DRRS) from the ground X 1 Σ g + (v g =0, J g =0-2) state of H 2 via excited intermediate states B 1 Σ u + (v i =0-3, J i =0-3) and C i Π u (v i =0-3, J i =1-3) was studied theoretically, applying the reduced density operator formalism. The Raman spectra for the pure rotational, fundamental and higher overotones are presented. The intensities of the Raman lines for O, Q and S branches were calculated branches were calculated using thermal Boltzmann factors for vibrational-rotational distribution at room temperature (300 K). The calculated DRRS cross-sections are found to be many orders of magnitude largers than normal (non-resonance) Raman cross-sections for H 2 or continuum resonance Raman cross-sections for molecular ions such as HD +


Currently there is a movement to reduce emissions, fuel consumption and noise, as well as to improve driveability and start ability in bus applications; therefore hybrid vehicles have been a highlight in this new market niche in the recent years. This paper describes the integration between Cummins engines and Siemens electrical motors and systems, which are being connected in serial to meet this challenge. The electric motors are powered by capacitors and provide power to the wheels. The controller system monitors the charge in the capacitors according to the usage demand, specific driving conditions and other factors. Based on these, it will operate the engine at the speed that will recharge the system with the best fuel consumption. The hybrid system would use 10–30% less fuel, even using the braking system which also provides charge for the capacitor bank. Another great advantage is the use of the braking regeneration and combustion engine to generate energy for the capacitors, thus the system is able to turn off the engine when the capacitors are charged, and consequently fuel and emissions will be zero. This additionally brings improvements in driveability while providing the expected levels of passenger comfort.


The global accounting convergence and the often discussed probable adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by U.S. regulators is a timely topic. We contribute to the literature by examining a more recent mandatory IFRS adoption by Canada. Canadian GAAP (CGAAP) is often considered a close substitute for U.S. GAAP. One key feature of this setting is that two earnings numbers are available for fiscal year 2010 since Canadian firms were required to reconcile earnings under CGAAP with earnings under IFRS. We run a "horse race" of earnings quality between earnings under CGAAP and IFRS. We find that on average, relative to IFRS-earnings, earnings under CGAAP have greater association with next period cash flows and higher degree of persistence. Further, when the difference between earnings under CGAAP and IFRS is large, IFRS-earnings are less value-relevant and less persistent. These results strongly support the notion that higher earnings quality is associated with CGAAP. Finally, the results also indicate that differences between CGAAP and IFRS with regard to accounting for financial instruments and investments significantly impair the quality of IFRS-earnings. Our findings are potentially informative to any revival of policy debates on the possible adoption of IFRS by U.S. firms.


Analytic expressions for the cutting line number $\ensuremath{\mu}$ of a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) which gives van Hove singularities for optical transitions are found to exist around $\ensuremath{\mu}=N∕3$ for most SWNTs, where $N$ is the number of cutting lines of the SWNT. However, for metal-2 SWNTs, the cutting line number shows an irregular dependence on $(n,m)$. In this paper a classification is proposed for metal-2 nanotubes which are classified as either metal-$2p$ or metal-$2m$ SWNTs. The appearance of metal-1, metal-$2p$, and metal-$2m$ SWNTs in a two-dimensional $(n,m)$ plot is not regular.


The process of creating an innovation strategy is a complex process. The contribution deals with the process of creating an innovation strategy. It gives new insights in analysis of environment and strategy formulation. The contribution provides a comprehensive look at the creation of innovative strategies using elements of the proposed expert system. Part of the article is also recommendations for successful implementation of innovative strategy in the enterprise.


Optical cryptosystem based on phase-truncated-Fourier-transforms (PTFT) is one of the most interesting optical cryptographic schemes due to its unique mechanism of encryption/decryption. Conventional learning-based attack method need a large number of plaintext-ciphertext pairs to train a neural network and then predict the plaintexts from subsequent ciphertexts. In this work, we propose an alternative method of attack on PTFT-based optical asymmetric cryptosystem by using an untrained neural network. We optimize the parameters of a neural network with the help of the encryption model of PTFT-based cryptosystem, hoping to get the ability of retrieving any plaintext from the corresponding unknown ciphertext but without help of the decryption keys. The proposed untrained-neural-network-based attack approach eliminates the requirement of tens of thousands of training images and might open up a new avenue for optical cryptanalysis.


Abstract : Extensive investigations of the starting characteristics of several hollow cathode designs have revealed that this is a random process, dependent on temperature, mercury vapour flow rate, voltage, geometry, and the availability of a low work function material. For a given cathode and fixed conditions, the voltage necessary to start a discharge falls at random within a certain range. As temperature or flow rate are increased, the maximum value and width of this voltage range both decrease until, at high values, starting is reproducible at potentials often below 20V. This behavior appears to be strongly influenced by the site and rate of dispensation of the low work function material. A qualitative explanation of the results at high flow rate is proposed in terms of collisional ionisation of the vapour by thermionically emitted electrons. At lower flow rates, it is necessary to include electron reflection from the keeper electrode and perhaps, at the lowest flows, a vacuum arc mechanisms. Success was achieved in initiating discharges using internal electrodes, employing either low positive voltages or much higher negative potentials. In the former case, it was difficult to transfer the internal discharge through the cathode orifice to the keeper. (Author)


Among Clostridia , an extracellular enzyme complex called the cellulosomes produced by Clostridium species are particularly designed for efficient degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides , Clostridium cellulovorans 743B , an anaerobic and mesophilic bacterium , produces the cellulosomes on the cell surface and free extracellular enzymes called noncellulosomes. Recently , we have reported the whole genome sequence of C. cellulovorans comprising 4 , 220 predicted genes in 5.10 Mbp. As a result , the genom 巴 sizeof C.cell ル 1 叫 d ωoω v ωj 岬 ora 仰 n 川 IS was about 1 Mbp la 創 rg 詐巴 rt 出 hant 山 ha 叫 tof 0 悦 t 泣出 h 巴 rc 巴 ellulosωome-producingclos 紋 tridω Ia, me 岱 sophi 孔 liκc cell ル ul 山 loly 加 yμ )ti た cum and tl 出 hermophi 江 lic C. thermocellum. A total of 57 cellulosomal genes were found in the C. cellulovorans genome , in addition to two novel genes encoding scaffolding proteins CbpB and CbpC. C. cellulovorans genome included not only cellulosomal genes but also a large number of genes encoding noncellulosomal enzymes , the genome expansion of C. cellulovorans included genes more related to degradation of polysaccharides , such as hemicelluloses and pectins , than to cellulose.


PurposeCrowdworkers' sustained participation is critical to the success and sustainability of the online crowdsourcing community. However, this issue has not received adequate attention in the information systems research community. This study seeks to understand the formation of crowdworker sustained participation in the online crowdsourcing community.Design/methodology/approachThe research model was empirically tested using online survey data from 212 crowdworkers in a leading online crowdsourcing community in China.FindingsThe empirical results provide several key findings. First, there are two different types of sustained participation: continuous participation intention (CPI) and increased participation intention (IPI). Second, extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation positively influence crowdworker CPI and IPI. Third, community commitment negatively moderates the effects of extrinsic motivation on CPI and IPI, while it positively moderates the effects of intrinsic motivation on CPI and IPI.Originality/valueThis study has significant implications for research on online crowdsourcing community and provides practical guidance for formulating persuasive measures to promote crowdworker sustained participation in the community.


The effects of teflon harness-attached 30-g satellite transmitters on the activity patterns, and body mass of captive whitefaced ducks Dendrocygna viduata were investigated. The diurnal activities of transmitter affixed birds (TAB)(140 h) and control birds (CB)(140 h) were monitored in captivity over a period of 14 weeks. There were no within-week differences in the behavioural patterns between TAB and CB (p > 0.05). However, TAB spent a larger portion of the day preening (10.6%) than CB (7.1%), (p 0.05). Increases in body mass were higher for TAB (56.92 g) than CB (12.80 g) (p = 0.006). Teflon harness-attached 30-g satellite PTTs have a minor effect on activity patterns and do not adversely influence the body mass, skin or feathers of captive whitefaced ducks.


In order to improve the design efficiency of crane lifting mechanisms,the visualization conception can be introduced to the design computerization.By applying data visualization technology and component object model (COM) interface,the VC++TM-based programming is used for mechanism design.In this manner,design parameters and criteria are integrated into a single interface.As such,this design process tends to be open and tailor-made via collaborative design.Accordingly,design parameters and criteria are transparent to final users.To this end,parametric design specifications are automatically formed.Therefore,this approach can be used for lifting mechanism design of universal bridge cranes.


Despite Evelyn Waugh's success as a novelist, his work was criticised in England for his political, religious and moral views. The purpose of this paper is to study the reception of Waugh's novels in two countries governed by totalitarian regimes—Franco's Spain and communist Romania—where culture was controlled by severe censorship systems. The methodology employed is based on Hans Robert Jauss's aesthetics of reception. The research conducted at the General Archive of the Administration in Alcala de Henares and the National Archives of Romania in Bucharest shows that the reception of Waugh's novels in both countries was conditioned by the censorial apparatus.


The recipes of electroless copper plating with cupric sulfate as essential ingredient and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate(Na_2EDTA)or sodium citrate(Na_3C_6H_5O_7.2H_2O)as complexing agent were studied.Through pretreating finish to substrate surface with chemical glossing agent and analyzing the curve of UV-Vis spectrophotometry in electroless copper plating solution,the changes between absorption spectrum curve,deposition rate and stability of electroless copper solution were determined.It was showed that the red shift or blue shift of absorption spectra curve was represented by aquated copper ion and cupric hydroxide coordination number its amounts.Positive correlation between deposition rate and the red shift of spectra curve was obtained,and negative correlation on absorbance and the number of absorption spectra as well as stability of electroless copper solution was got.And the electroless copper plating system with Na_2EDTA was more stabilizer than with Na_3C_6H_5O_7.2H_2O.Moreover,the reaction of plating copper was only producted within the stabile spectra curve and a certain concentration range of electroless copper solution.


The authors discuss the analysis of two-step densification curves, observed in the constant-rate heating of ZnO-Zn/sub 7/Sb/sub 2/O/sub 12/ composites, in correlation with the effect of inclusion particles (Zn/sub 7/Sb/sub 2/O/sub 12/). In the presence of these inclusion particles, the ZnO matrix is divided into two regions with different densification characteristics depending on the interaction with the particles. The linear shrinkage at the end of the first step depends on the inclusion size as well as on its volume fraction. The fractional volume of the region influenced by the inclusion particles has been estimated from the densification curve, and the size of the region influenced by an inclusion particle is found to increase with increasing inclusion size.


The Oak Ridges Moraine Conservation Plan is intended to direct land use and resource management to protect the ecological integrity of the Oak Ridges Moraine. A key challenge in developing the Plan was reconciling appropriate boundaries for water resources management with the Moraine's landform-based, administrative boundary. During the Plan's development, the approach to water resources management evolved from one that was feature-focused and issue-based to one that better recognized the three-dimensional and dynamic nature of aquatic ecosystems. Preventive and mitigative "water provisions" within an integrating framework of watershed planning and adaptive management, are key elements for protection of the Moraine's ecological integrity.


This paper studies a class of optimizing, no-arbitrage models in which the term structure of interest rates depends on the maturity structure of assets held by investors. The key assumption is that the stochastic discount factor is a function of the return on wealth. Portfolio choice matters for asset prices because it affects the distribution of this return. Such models are inherently nonlinear, and I propose a numerical algorithm for solving them. As an illustration, I solve and estimate a model in which investors price inflation and consumption risk in addition to wealth risk. The equilibrium duration of investors' portfolio is treated as an unobserved factor. This factor is largely responsible for the nominal term premium and is correlated with the quantity of Treasury debt held by the public. Shocks to the factor that are roughly equivalent to the Federal Reserve's largescale asset purchases reduce the ten-year nominal yield by about 50 basis points on impact. However, the model suggests that the macroeconomic effects of such shocks are modest. ∗230 S. LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60604. Phone: 312-322-5957. Email: email@example.com. This paper developed jointly with its companion, King (2015). For helpful comments on both papers, I thank Stefania D'Amico, Robin Greenwood, Sam Hanson, Philip Mueller, Dimirtri Vayanos, Andrea Vedolin, and seminar participants at FRB Chicago, the Federal Reserve "Day Ahead" Conference, and the 2018 Banque de France Workshop on Monetary Policy and Asset Prices. Roger Fan and Zachry Wang provided excellent research assistance. The views expressed here do not reflect official positions of the Federal Reserve.


The purpose of this research is to examine spatial clustering of obesity and physical activity and their relationship to specific aspects of the built environment. Background and Relevance The purpose of this research is to examine spatial clustering of obesity and physical activity and their relationship to specific aspects of the built environment. The prevalence of obesity in Canada has increased since the 1980's to the point that nearly 60% of adults are obese and overweight, and over a quarter is obese (Tjepkema, 2006). In order to understand the increase, researchers have attempted to construct linkages between obesity trends and the built environment (Papas et al., 2007). Several environmental variables have been cited as potential determinants of physical activity and obesity such as: presence of sidewalks, neighbourhood aesthetics, mixed land-use, street connectivity, access to recreational facilities, access to food, etc. (Frank, 2008). Assuming that the built physical environment does affect physical activity and obesity, then it would be expected that individual occurrences of high or low physical activity and obesity will be clustered. (Schuurman et al., 2009). However, a remaining challenge is to determine the optimal methods for detecting clusters of both obesity and high/low physical activity.


Tectonic uplift in active mountain belts narrowly controls the rate and tempo of valley incision, with additional modulation effected by climatic change. There is no consensus over whether the Pyrenees still is an active orogen, even though surface uplift rates based on modern land levelling techniques register values of up to 1 mm/yr. Clarifying matters for the longer term should rely on opportunities to measure and date the vertical displacement of landforms of known initial geometry. Fluvial terrace systems in the Pyrenees have so far not yielded any dated sequences that reach further back in time than the latest Middle Pleistocene. Subterranean karstic networks, however, provide a fruitful alternative, with potential for obtaining coupled 26Al and 10Be burial ages for fluvial sediment which became trapped in limestone cavities while being conveyed through the catchment during valley incision. Suitable subhorizontal, gravel-filled phreatic cave galleries cross-cut by limestone canyon sidewalls occur in the Tet valley. These can effectively be treated as a bedrock straths correlatable with subaerial terrace treads situated further up- and downstream. Such markers also provide information about karstic base levels, which in this setting connect directly to the regional marine base level. The Tet valley exhibits a succession of cave levels spanning 300 m of vertical relief, two of which have been dated. Quartz-rich sediment samples were collected from of each system but also replicated among sand-sized and gravel-sized clasts, dated separately. Initial results reveal a continuous process of canyon incision throughout the entire Pliocene and Quaternary, with relatively steady mean incision rates. Nuclide inheritance in the samples provides added information about catchment-wide mean denudation rates. These rates are found to triple after 2 Ma, clearly reflecting a climatic signal linked to the onset of the Pleistocene glacial-deglacial cycles


The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea is attempting to codify international law for the use of ocean space. While the process of negotiations continues and many political‐legal problems remain to be solved, certain issues appear to be at, or near, a stage of general agreement. A major element of the emerging consensus involves the "baseline," the line from which all claims to zones of sovereignty or jurisdiction are measured. In addition, the Conference has generally accepted a breadth of 12 nautical miles for the sovereign territorial sea and 200 nautical miles for a coastal state zone of economic competence. An acceptable definition, in a legal sense, of the continental shelf seems to be provided. A major problem in the division of ocean space among States involves the delimitation of boundaries between adjacent States—those sharing a common land boundary—and opposite States—those situated so as to face each other across bodies of water. The issue remains divisive. The final treaty o...


The Namibian College for Open Learning (NAMCOL) is a fully fledged institution mandated by Government to address the needs for open learning. It mainly focuses on learners who did not successfully complete their grade 10 or 12 in the formal education system. Unlike conventional educational delivery methods, there are limited structured face-to-face contacts between the students and the tutor. Instead, high quality, self-directed, learner-centered instructional materials are made available to students with blocked contact time with teachers. Many of the learners enrolled range between 15 and 18 years and are still under the care of their parents or guardians. This study explored the perceptions of parents towards open and distance learning (ODL) as well as their involvement in the education of their children. A mixed method approach was adopted for this study. 200 questionnaires were distributed and 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents or guardians of grade 10 learners. Random sampling was used. Frequency analysis for quantitative data and thematic analysis for the qualitative data were developed. The study revealed that parents are inherently interested in the education of their children regardless of the mode of instruction. There are barriers such relationships between the institution and parents, lack of knowledge about where to get such facilities as well as a lack of initiatives on the part of the parents. There is a need to establish a more structured platform for engagement between NAMCOL and parents to effectively manage the process of ODL. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n3p325


Two different forms of relativistic dynamics, the instant and the light-front form, for the pure SU(2) Yang-Mills field theory in 4-dimensional Minkowski space are examined under the supposition that the gauge fields depend on the time evolution parameter only. The obtained under that restriction of gauge potential space homogeneity mechanical matrix model, sometimes called YangMills classical mechanics, is systematically studied in its instant and light-front form of dynamics using the Dirac's generalized Hamiltonian approach. In the both cases the constraint content of the obtained mechanical systems is found. In contrast to its well-known instant-time counterpart the light-front version of SU(2) Yang-Mills classical mechanics has in addition to the constraints generating the SU(2) gauge transformations the new first and second class constraints also. On account of all of these constraints a complete reduction in number of the degrees of freedom is performed. In the instant form of dynamics it is shown that after elimination of the gauge degrees of freedom from the classical SU(2) Yang-Mills mechanics the resulting unconstrained system represents the ID3 Euler-Calogero-Moser model with a certain external fourth-order potential, whereas in the light-front form it is argued that the classical evolution of the unconstrained degrees of freedom is equivalent to a free one-dimensional particle dynamics.


Summary Nucleated but not non-nucleated body cells added to normal milks were found to produce typical California Mastitis Test (CMT) positive reactions. Treatment of mastitie milks with commercial 5×recrystallized deoxyribonuclease but not ribonuclease or trypsin was shown to prevent the formation of gels characteristic of a positive CMT. Treatment of gels formed by the reaction of mastitic milk with DNAase but not RNAase or trypsin resulted in almost instantaneous dissolution of the gel. A level of 1.65 μ g DNAase/ml of markedly mastitic milk (CMT-3+) was found to be sufficient to abolish the CMT reaction completely. These observations suggest that polymerized DNA originating from cells of the inflammatory exudate in mastitic milk is the component responsible for positive California Mastitis Test reactions.


To determine the flash point of carbon-phosphate agent in microwave fields at processing is required to be not exceeded temperature 68 °C over the entire surface of the material being processed. The methods of correction of geometric noise with usage of one certificated thermal field and two not certificated fields are offered. These methods are simple for hardware representation and may be utilised for correction of thermovision map in real time, that is, directly during activity of thermovision device.


Suddendorf & Corballis (S&C) argue that episodic memory is the most flexible and recently evolved memory system, and point to the reorganization of prefrontal cortex throughout human evolution as the neuroanatomical substrate. Their approach, however, fails to address the unique role that the hippocampus, a primitive brain region, plays in creating and recalling episodic memories, as well as future event construction.


4 cases of hepatic lesions associated with oral contraceptive (OC) use treated at the University Hospital of Caracas and the Faculty of Medicine of the Central University of Venezuela are presented. Patient ages ranged from 21-30 years and duration of OC use in the 3 cases in which it was known were 6 7 and 9 years. 2 of the tumors were hepatocellular adenomas 1 of them comparable in volume to the largest case described in the literature. 1 tumor was a hepatocellular adenoma that possibly resulted from malignant transformation of an adenoma. The final case was a focal nodular hyperplasia. The clinical symptoms diagnostic procedures treatments and postoperative course are described for each case and sonograms X-rays and other illustrations are provided for each tumor. In the case of the focal nodular hyperplasia the tentative diagnosis was ruptured ectopic pregnancy and emergency surgery was performed. In all other cases it was known before surgery that a hepatic lesion was present and surgery was planned in advance. Although not all the tumors occurred in OC users the etiologic link to OC use was not established in the case of the carcinoma. The patient at an initial intervention 7 months before the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma presented with a condition diagnosed as hepatocellular adenoma. It is not definitively known whether the original lesion was actually a well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma or whether malignant transformation of an adenoma in fact occurred. The cases described did not differ from those reported in the literature.


Subtitle: Something's going on in the transmission world when even sports cars such as the Mitsubishi Lancer Evo and Nissan GT-R have gone full automatic.


In the southern part of Sanur Beach in Bali, beach erosion has occurred between groins after extensive beach nourishment, resulting in shoreline rotation between the groins. The cause of shoreline changes was investigated by field observations, including a bathymetric survey and the sampling of seabed materials, and numerical simulations of beach changes were carried out using Noshi et al.'s model. It was concluded that the shoreline rotation was triggered by the dredging of the reef flat, which caused a change in the wave direction on the reef flat due to the diffraction of waves.


A series of studies has been made in an attempt to determine the selection of the proper independent variable that will allow for the prediction of the distribution of internal friction in mechanical vibrators of various geometries. Previous studies of cylindrical vibrating bars have indicated that the loss is a sole function of the longitudinal strain. The choice of a material for use in a generating or receiving system based upon its internal friction, can be misleading when practical geometries are used rather than the cylindrical geometry used for laboratory measurements. Impedance discontinuities caused by the selection of shape or the use of disimilar materials can lead to internal friction, in addition to that anticipated on a longitudinal‐strain basis. The results of numerous measurements of losses and corresponding theoretical calculations are presented to indicate the complexity of the problem. Preliminary conclusions are presented to indicate the application of these findings.


Abstract: Amami tip-nosed frog (Odorrana amamiensis) is an endangered species endemic to Amami-Oshima Island and Tokunoshima Island, in Japan. This species is threatened by invasive species and habitat destruction. Although action is needed to protect them, the breeding ecology of O. amamiensis is poorly understood. A better understanding of its breeding ecology would contribute to conservation efforts. This study reports temporal changes in number of O. amamiensis breeding individuals in Kinsakubaru area, Amami-Oshima Island from the 28 Nov. 2015 to the 5 Dec. 2015. A 20 m transect line was set at a stream to count the number of O. amamiensis individuals at night and during daytime for eight days. Over 200 individuals were observed and many of them were breeding with lively mating calls around the small stream at night for three days. The high density of individuals decreased rapidly afterwards. This is the first report quantifying the temporal changes in number of breeding individuals of O. amamiensis. The species is usually nocturnal, but some individuals were observed at breeding sites during the daytime as well. Field research on O. amamiensis is usually conducted at night, but it can be risky because the nocturnal poisonous snake Habu (Protobothrops flavoviridis) also inhabits Amami-Oshima Island. The results suggested that field research during daytime was relatively safer and perhaps an easier approach to find breeding sites of O. amamiensis compared to searching at night.


7 Abstract—During the manufacturing and montage process of cardan transmissions, at the component elements may inevitable appear technical (geometrical) deviations. These deviations lead to the changine of kinematic parameters of the mechanism.For the determination of these changes it is first necessary to identify these deviations and give them a geometrical interpretation. By having as a purpose the identifying of both angular and axis deviations, over the kinematic parameters of the cardan joint mechanism, it is necessary to consider the cardan joint, not as a spherical quadrilateral but as a particular case of RCCC mechanism where by C, R was noted the cylindrical kinematic pair respectively the rotation kinematic pair.


Serge Gauthier talks to Charlotte Barker.Serge Gauthier is director of the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Research Unit, at the McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, and a Professor of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Medicine at McGill University (Quebec, Canada). He has authored numerous peer-reviewed papers, as well as editing several major textbooks. He has been instrumental in the development of consensus guidelines on the approval and use of antidementia drugs.


Summary. The long wavelength radiation patterns of P- and S-waves are determined for an elastic prestressed earth model. The prestress is treated as a perturbation of an isotropic medium. Non-zero first-order corrections are found to the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the deviatoric seismic moment tensor. The radiation pattern given by a purely tangential dislocation is equivalent to a double couple contaminated by a dipolar term linear in the perturbation.


: To evaluate the usefulness of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen for screening, prognosis, monitoring the response to surgical treatment, and early detection of recurrence and metastases from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we investigated the time course of serum levels of SCC antigen in 156 patients with OSCC. Elevated serum SCC antigen levels were detected in 35 of the 156 patients with OSCC. Preoperative positive rates were low (22%). The higher the serum SCC antigen level, the larger was the primary tumor, and the clinical stage and cervical lymph-node metastasis were also more advanced. In patients who tested positive for serum SCC antigen before operation, the serum SCC antigen levels significantly declined after surgery. The SCC antigen level in the recurrent or metastatic group was significantly higher than that in the non-recurrent and non-metastatic group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified the optimal cut-off value (1.34 ng/mL) of the preoperative serum SCC antigen to predict recurrence or metastasis of OSCC. The SCC antigen level immediately before the detection of recurrence or metastasis was significantly higher than the mean value after surgery. The optimal cut-off value (1.40 ng/mL) of the postoperative serum SCC antigen level for suspecting recurrence or metastasis of OSCC was identified by ROC curve analysis. Our results suggested that the SCC antigen level is related to an increase in tumor volume, metastasis to cervical lymph nodes, and clinical stage. SCC antigen might be a useful prognostic factor. The SCC antigen level might be a useful for evaluating the efficacy of treatments in SCC antigen-positive cases and may facilitate the early detection of recurrence, metastasis, or both. However, because the clinical value of serum SCC antigen as a screening factor for OSCC is low, it might be an auxiliary tool for the screening of OSCC.


The study area located in Bucakk›flla region in Central Taurides consists of rock units of the melange which form Bozk›r unit of the Tauride units and the overlying cover rocks. There are volcanic, ophiolitic and sedimentary rocks which generated in different environmental conditions. These rock groups comprise units which formed in Middle- Upper Triassic-Paleocene periods in Inner Tauride Ocean that had been opened between Tauride - Anatolide continents. Within the scope of this study, lithostratigraphic characteristics of Hulu, Boyal› hill, Korualan nappes and cover rocks which form Bozk›r Unit and tectono sedimentary evolution of the study area was built up by paleontological and structural features. Due to rifting, which started in Middle Upper Triassicin the region, the products of the rift volcanism in rifting center and the carbonate deposition on margins of basin have occurred. The continuation of extension which initiated rifting caused collapse in the basin in Middle Upper Triasic - Lower Senonian. Deep marine deposition has occurred at the center of basin, however pelagic and neritic limestones were deposited in basin margins during this time. The region has become compressed by the effect of a new tectonical regime which had been effective starting from Santonian. This compression caused new melanges to take place due to reverse faults and thrust. The formation of these melanges has continued until the end of Paleocene period. However, there has not been observed any formation depending on the compression in post Paleocene. The nappes have moved southward by the effect of compression until Eocene. But then, these nappes could not advance forward anymore so, northward back thrusts took place as basin was closured andreached the collisional stage. Sequences which had become imbricated structures by back thrusts were subjected to collapsing by the stop of compression and the gravitational effect. All sequences in the imbricated structure were cut by dip slip normal faults and lacustrine basins were formed on fallen blocks. The formation of Early Oligocene terrestrial deposits in these lakes indicates that the collapse occurred in Oligocene or immediately before this time, and this allows the dating of new tectonical period. Early Oligocene deposits to become tilted by dip slip faults show that new tectonic period in the region has also continued after Oligocene.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the ultrasound biomicroscopic (UBM) characteristics seen in patients who have undergone deep phaco-sclerectomy with a new acrylic implant (Esnoper).

SUBJECTS, MATERIAL AND METHODS
UBM exploration was performed 12 months after deep phaco-sclerectomy in three patients with chronic open angle glaucoma.

RESULTS
One year after surgery, all three patients had intraocular pressure levels under 15 mmHg and were on no treatment. All of them had an intrascleral space in UBM, in which the hyperechogenic implant was visible.

CONCLUSIONS
The new non-absorbable implant has proven to be effective in these cases. Information provided by UBM is useful and assists in understanding the mechanism of action of deep sclerectomy.


A low-voltage wideband downconverter along with an integrated transformer RF balun using the 2 mum GalnP/GaAs HBT technology is demonstrated. This transformer is a symmetric type and plays a role as a single-to-differential balun. Without the parasitic between the transformer and the substrate, the transformer can work at higher frequencies. This transformer downconverter operates from 1.5 to 14 GHz with around 20 dB conversion gain and 1.8 GHz IF 3 dB bandwidth. The frequency range of the mixing operation is wide and covers the digital video broadcasting via satellite (DVB-S) bands. This mixer is therefore useful for DVB-S applications.


Objective To search the method,clinical effect of visible cryocoagulation by microscope in external retinal detachment surgery.Methods 131 cases(133 eyes)of retinal detachment were performed extern retinal operative approach and visible cryocoagulation by microscope during the operations.Results 129 eyes were silicon buckling accurately,the retinal dislocation were corrected,without abnormal inflammation.Conclusions Visual cryocoagulation locate accurately;operate simply and the effect is sure.


Objective: To determine association between satisfaction with oral health and demographic conditions in Mexican elderly. Methods: A randomized cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the Survey of Health, Welfare and Aging. Project coordinated by the Pan-American Health Organization. This study included 1547 participants, men and women cognitively healthy 60 years and over living in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara City. Data were col-lected by examiners trained and calibrated at participants' homes and included an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire with items on socioeconomic variables, etc. To measure satisfaction with oral health, the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index [GOHAI] validated and trans-lated in Spanish language was applied. This questionnaire is a Likert scale of 12 items, is scored: Always, often, some-times; rarely and never. The total score ranges from 12 to 60 points. A score below 57 is considered as an indicator of dissatisfaction with oral health. The GOHAI values Oral health-related quality of life in the context of older people. Descriptive statistics and Chi square test was applied to analyze data for sex, age and GOHAI. Two age groups of 60–74 and 75–102 years were created. Results: 983 women (63.6%) and 564 men (36.4%). (Mean age 72.5 ± 8.4years). The sample had an average value of GOHAI (53.32 ± 7.3) which means a moderate satisfaction with oral health. No significant differences were observed in relation to sex and GOHAI p> 0.05, but if for age, showing less satisfaction with their oral health the group of 60–74 years old; p = 0.0001 with 95% confidence. Conclusions: The participants perceive a moderate dissatisfaction of their oral health. The youngest group (60–74 years old) had less oral health satisfaction. number of teeth, is an important factor in main-taining chewing ability among community-dwelling elderly people. A growing number of elderly will be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and although AD is recognized as a debilitating illness with no cure, limited attention has been paid to the implications of poor oral health for those with cognitive impairments such as AD. Oral health care is often not appropriately assessed by carers for those with AD and as such those with AD are at greater risk for oral diseases. A scoping review was conducted to synthesize the avail-able literature on AD and oral health. With the assistance of a professional librarian, an exhaustive database search using keyword strings yielded 6000+ articles. Abstracts were manually curated and 110 studies which fulfilled inclusion criteria were fully analyzed. Studies of AD and oral health identified outcome and quality-of-life differences between community dwelling patients versus those in long-term care (N=34), implications of tooth-loss (n=13), influence of medications (n=11), assessment strategies (n=22), and mortality risk (n=30). Findings indicate that those in institutional settings have poor oral health; that the severity of AD may lead to deterioration of oral health and that the reverse association may also exist; that individuals with the fewest teeth had the highest risk of AD; and that women with AD had better oral health then men. The findings from this scoping review highlight that poor oral health for AD sufferers may have far-reaching implications and that greater research and practice focus on assessment in institutional settings will be needed in this area. Purpose: There are few studies that have reported the prospective change of Oral diadochokinetic (ODK) rate. We studied the association between the 1-year change of ODK and dental status among the elderly living in rural Japan. Subjects and Methods: A total of 268 Japanese residents aged >65 years (mean age = 74.5) participated in this study. ODK was measured by having subjects repeat the phonetic sounds /pa/, /ta/, /ka/, and /pataka/ for 5 s each. The tooth and periodontal status as well as intraoral cleaning habits were assessed. We analyzed the change in ODK rate over 1 year and compared tooth and periodontal status and intraoral cleaning habits between subjects that had declining ODK and those that had maintained their ODK rates. Results: The number of subjects that showed decreased ODK by 5 points in score was 58 (21.6%) in /pa/, 49 (18.3%) in /ta/, and 46 (17.2%) in /ka/. In total, 64 subjects (23.9%) had decreased ODK by 2 points of /pataka/ over 1 year. Subjects in the declining /pataka/ group had a significantly higher number of untreated teeth than those in the maintained /pataka/ group (p < 0.05). The decline of /pa/ was significantly associated with the presence of periodontal diseases and low awareness in oral cleaning habits (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Decreasing ODK for 1 year was found in approximately 20% of Japanese elderly residents. Furthermore, the results suggest that poor oral conditions and cleaning habits have been closely related to the decline of ODK. Our hypothesis tested the efficacy and safety of standard formulation of Brazilian propolis extract gel compared to miconazole oral gel for the treatment of denture stomatitis due Candida spp infection in older adults. A total of 40 older patients were randomly allocated in a non-inferiority clinical trial (NCT02818803) into two groups. The control group (MIC) received 20 mg/g miconazole oral gel and the study group (PROP) received mucoadhesive formulation contain-ing standardized extract of 2% propolis (EPP-AF®) during 14 days. Patients were examined by a dentist on days 1, 7 and 14. The Newton's score was used to assess the denture stomatitis. The colony forming unity count (CFU/mL) was quantified and compared before and after the treatment (days 1 and 14). Age, gender, duration of complete denture's use, baseline Newton's score, and baseline CFU/mL did not dif-fer between groups. Both treatments reduced the Newton's score (P<0.0001). Miconazole, but not propolis, reduced the CFU (6.2x103 vs. 10 CFU/mL, D1 vs. D14; P<0.001). The candidiasis cure rate, defined as both absence of oral lesions and a negative culture for Candida, was only 30% for miconazole and 20% for EPP-AF® group. Both treatments resulted in improvement of the clinical symptoms of candidiasis, showing a clinical cure rate of 0.60 for miconazole and 0.50 for propolis. No serious adverse events were observed in neither group. The EPP-AF® appears to be non-inferior to miconazole considering the clinical cure rate and could be recommended as an alternative treatment for oral candidiasis in older patients. Finantial support: FINEP(Brazil)/CNPq Saliva possesses many important functions including anti-microbial activity, pH balance, lubrication, remineralization and mechanical cleansing of the oral mucosa. Xerostomia results from reduced or absent saliva flow. Its prevalence increases with age and is approximately 30% in patients over 65 years. Numerous medications include xerostomia as side effect. Dry mouth has multiple oral health consequences and affects quality of life. Oral candidiasis is one of the most common oral infections seen in association with xerostomia.


Distribution of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Sr and ash has been reported in 24 reaweeds of Virakhapatnam coast. The order of abundance of the elements in reaweeds (Ca>K>Mg>Na>Sr) differs from that of seawater (Na>Mg>Ca>K) indicating preferential accumulation of K over Na, and Ca over Mg in reaweedr resulting in higher K/Na and Ca/Mg ratior unlike in seawater. The extent of accumulation of elementr differs in each class of algae and also from one species to the other in the same class


Using micro data from Duke University quarterly survey of Chief Financial Officers, we show that corporate investment plans as well as actual investment are well explained by CFOs' expectations of earnings growth. The information in expectations data is not subsumed by traditional variables, such as Tobin's Q or discount rates. We also show that errors in CFO expectations of earnings growth are predictable from past earnings and other data, pointing to extrapolative structure of expectations and suggesting that expectations may not be rational. This evidence, like earlier findings in finance, points to the usefulness of data on actual expectations for understanding economic behavior. 1 We are deeply grateful to John Graham and Campbell Harvey for providing data from the CFO survey, and to Joy Tianjiao Tong for helping us to access the data. We thank our discussants Monika Piazzesi and Chris Sims, as well as Gary Chamberlain, Martin Eichenbaum, Carlo Favero, Robin Greenwood, Luigi Guiso, Sam Hanson, Chen Lian, Jonathan Parker, Fabiano Schivardi, Jim Stock, and Mirko Wiederholt for useful suggestions. We also thank Yang You for research assistance.


This guide will help you find library sources for your papers in Comp II. Help identifying sources with a political bias


Poisson regression is a regression model which often used to analyze the count data. In this study, poisson regression has been used bivariate poisson regression where the regression is a method which is used to model a pair of correlated count data with multiple predictor variables. The model is used covariance which has a function of the independent variable. The purposes of this study is obtain parameter estimates, test statistics of bivariate poisson regression, and determine the factors that influence of infant mortality and maternal mortality. The data is used from the infant mortality and maternal mortality in Central Java 2015. Based on the result, the parameter estimation of poisson bivariate regression model using maximum likelihood (MLE) method. The results obtained from the parameter estimation are not close form so it needs to be done by Newton-Raphson iteration method. In testing the hypothesis using the Maximum Likelihood Ratio Test method (MLRT) by comparing the value between likelihood below H0 and likelihood below population. Partial of parameters model λ1 (infant mortality) there are six independent variables that have significant influence, namely, delivery by health personnel (X1), pregnant women carry out the program K4 (X3), pregnant women who get Fe3 tablet (X4), handling obstetric complication (X5), exclusively breastfed infants (X7), and households living a clean and healthy life (X8). While for model λ2 (maternal death) only variable handling of neonatal complication (X6) which have no significant influence to response variable.


HE ESSENTIAL role of intracellular folates in ef-T fecting one-carbon transfers in critical enzyme systems for DNA synthesis is well This has led to extensive application of various synthetic folate analogues as therapeutic and investigative tools in a variety of infectious, immunologic, and neoplastic diseases, as well as in developmental, transplantation, and tumor b i o l ~ g y. ~ , ~ While the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), the major target for the antifolate, methotrexate (MTX), is a paradigm for many aspects of biologic chemistry and molecular b i o l ~ g y , ~ ~ ~ the use of MTX is also prototypical in clinical medicine. However, cells develop resistance to MTX by DHFR gene amplification/generation of a form of DHFR with an altered affinity (K,,,), failure to polygluta-mate MTX, and a transport defect in intracellular e n t ~. ~-l ~ Whereas the advanced understanding of DHFR and the first two resistance mechanisms is archetypical in oncology, understanding the mechanism of the transport defect for MTX can only be made once details on the cellular uptake of folate is known. Another compelling reason to study folate transport arises from the potentially unique properties of folates as small M,-500, hydrophilic, anionic molecules that must transverse the hydrophobic barrier of the external plasma membrane; from a teleologic point of view, it appears reasonable to speculate that specific mechanisms must exist to assure a constant availability of folates for DNA synthesis. Clinical observations wherein folate-deficient mothers deliver infants with normal folate stores and the existence of a 30-to 100-fold higher red blood cell (RBC) folate content than serum supports a physiologic role for folate transport across the placenta and into RBCs, respecti~ely.~~~J5 In contrast, the syndromes of congenital folate malabsorption16 and familial aplastic anemiaI7 are " experiments of nature " that indicate a congenital and acquired failure in physiologic folate transport, respectively .'~~ Thus, folate transport into cells for intrinsic cellular utilization is to be distinguished from transcellular folate transport across cellular barriers, and the mechanisms involved in these two transport processes will not necessarily be identical. Significant recent advances on the components and mechanism(s) of the cellular uptake of folates in human and primate cells promise to shed new light on these and related clinical observations and form the focus of this review. Other related reviews with a different focus have been published.18-Z4 Oxidized-folic acid (pteroylmonoglutamic acid, PteGlu) …


In October 1986 the UK government implemented a new policy aimed at encouraging competition amongst urban bus operators, and at transferring to the private sector those passenger transport undertakings owned by the state and by local government. This report evaluates the effects of that policy after the first nine months, and comments on the implications for transport authorities in South Africa. (a)


We study quantum algorithms implemented within a single harmonic oscillator, or equivalently within a single mode of the electromagnetic field. Logical states correspond to functions of the canonical position, and the Fourier transform to canonical momentum serves as the analogue of the Hadamard transform for this implementation. This continuous variable version of quantum information processing has widespread appeal because of advanced quantum optics technology that can create, manipulate and read Gaussian states of light. We show that, contrary to a previous claim, this implementation of quantum information processing has limitations due to a position–momentum trade-off of the Fourier transform, analogous to the famous time-bandwidth theorem of signal processing.


Provisional outline of the discussions

I—Address of President: Trends of Research in Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity (Friday, September 8, at 14.30)

II—Report of Secretary and Director of Central Bureau

III—Report of Dr. van Dijk on the publication of numerical magnetic character of days

IV—Finances

V—Election of officers of the Association

VI—National reports

VII—Reports of Committees and Reporters appointed at the Edinburgh Assembly

VIII—Polar Year 1932–33—(1) Report on the activity of the Polar Year Commission of the International Meteorological Organization; (2) Discussion of International Polar Year results

IX—Communications on miscellaneous subjects

X—Subjects for discussion during the Assembly

XI—Subjects for joint discussion with the Association of Meteorology

XII—Subjects for deliberation by Committees (subjects requiring world-wide cooperation in work being done or planned)

XIII—Appointment of Committees and Reporters

XIV—Resolutions


One component in evaluating the need for or the result of a fishing regu- lation is an angler survey. In recent years, efforts have advanced the way an individ- ual survey is designed, conducted, and analyzed. However, managing approxi- mately 30-40 on-site angler surveys each year led Missouri to develop and imple- ment stringent data processing guidelines. These guidelines ensure survey objectives are addressed; appropriate survey methodologies are used; clerks are properly trained; survey forms, questions, and coding are standardized; and data entry and analysis results are completed in a timely manner. The standardization techniques used in Missouri and the improvements generated as a result of these guidelines are discussed. Proc. Annu. Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Fish and Wildl. Agencies 49:69-77


Fermenter of a biogas plant with a fermenter Fermenterwandung and an interior and an inclined to the horizontal and flexibly formed fermenter roof and with a stirring device to stir an existing in the fermenter interior substrate. The stirring device has a guide unit, a support unit and a guide unit recorded on the adjustable stirring unit. The support unit is fixed to support the guide unit at the Fermenterwandung. The stirring unit is adjustable in height provided and there is a setting for adjusting the stirring unit provided. The upper end of the guide unit extends above an upper end of the Fermenterwandung and ends below the roof fermenters within the fermenter interior.


The temperature field of 16MnR stack cold plate was simulated by using ANSYS analysis software, and the thermal parameters of 16MnR plate were calculated by the software of JMat-pro. The model was corrected through the test block temperature drop curve. The results showed that: the test block simulation results were in good agreement with experimental results. The difference between the calculated value and the measured value was less than 12 ℃ . The corrected model and the parameters were used on the actual production process of stacking prediction. When plate 16MnR stacking is 1 m, the ambient temperature is 25 ℃ and the center temperature of finishing and striking plate is below 200 ℃, the required time for the reference stacking is more than 33 h; when the stacker is 1.5 m, it is more than 43 h.


This article revises and improves on a Dual Type Method (DTM), developed by Prékopa. (Prékopa, A. (1990). Dual method for the solution of a one-stage stochastic programming problem with random RHS obeying a discrete probability distribution, ZOR-Methods and Models of Operations Research , 34 , 441-461), in two ways. The first one allows us, in each iteration, to perform the largest step toward the optimum. The second one consists of exploiting the structure of the working basis , which has to be inverted in each iteration, and updating its inverse in product form, as it is usual in case of the standard dual method. The improved method has been implemented. A report on its performance on the solution of some stochastic programming problems is also presented.


Zhang Yimou is one of the most critically acclaimed Chinese film directors and he has touched upon a wide range of themes in his more than two decades of film directing. In 2009, his A Woman, a Gun and a Noodle Shop (or Zhang's Blood Simple) was a new experiment and adventure. Adapted from the Coen brothers' directorial debut, this film stands out as a dark film noir as well as a comedy. Humour is one of the most dominant features of this film. Subtitling the humour is considered challenging and thus multiple humorous conversations are deleted in the English version. Explicitation is a strategy frequently resorted to in the humour subtitling of this film. However, the humorous effect is not satisfactorily reproduced or is weakened or even eliminated in the English version given that certain weak subtitles are provided. Apart from verbal humour created with language, non-verbal humour is prominent in this screwball and slapstick comedy and mise-en-scene is very well applied to convey the visual jokes. This paper will discuss explicitation as a primary strategy in subtitling, with a focus on omitted scenes, and will investigate non-verbal humour with two aspects of mise-enscene.


Identity can be established in a number of ways, and one of the most pervasive ways of doing so, both in modern and ancient times, was through the construction of cultural communities which are defined by a number of codes, such as language and dress. In the Roman world, an individual's outward appearance, especially their clothing choices, were given a high degree of significance and helped establish social, gender, and ethnic identities. The wardrobe choices of indigenous Syrians2 allowed for the establishment of a Syrian identity on Syrian terms. This identity was also received by Roman viewers of the Syrians and, filtered through a Roman lens, created a Roman version of Syrian identity, so that Syrian individuals were sensationalized in Roman literature as "perverts with a proclivity for receiving anal penetration, performing oral sex, and engaging in bizarre acts of sacred eunuchism."3 Syrians were thus described by Roman authors as everything which Romans were not (at least in theory). This exotification is apparent in descriptions of the clothing and actions of Syrian priests, both the Galli in Rome and others in Syria, and also is seen in the biography of the emperor Elagabalus. The clothing choices and actions against Roman gender and sexuality paradigms of both the Syrian priests and Elagabalus are described in great detail by contemporary and later authors. Roman reception of Syrian identity was largely based on stereotype and exotification, and Roman concerns about the degenerate East served to place Syrian individuals


ABSTRACT In recent years, there has been a growing number of mommy blogs and other social media sites where mothers air their negative feelings about motherhood. Analysing four posts of two Finnish mommy blogs and their comments, the article explores the affective power of a "bad mom" figure in relation to the contemporary experience of parenting in Finnish settings; settings which have become increasingly child-centred. The article investigates how these popular blogs mobilise their readers through self-reflective yet ambivalent confessions and ironic criticisms of normative motherhood. The article argues that while the emotional work of the bloggers might not be able to dismantle the myth of the perfect mother, the figure of a bad mom can be seen as an attempt to make sense of the frictions and contradictions triggered by the exhausting nature of the gendered, intensive parenting culture. It further argues that in this process the figure of the bad mom transforms into a new "normal" while the notion of motherhood remains both affective and polarised.


This article presents a study of the backward bending mode of a simply supported rotating Rayleigh beam with internal damping. The study analyses the natural frequency behaviour of the backward mode according to the internal viscous damping ratio, the slenderness of the beam and its spin speed. To date, the behaviour of the natural frequency of the backward mode is known to be a monotonically decreasing function with spin speed due to gyroscopic effects. In this article, however, it is shown that this behaviour of the natural frequency may not hold for certain damping and slenderness conditions, and reaches a minimum value (concave function) from which it begins to increase. Accordingly, the analytical expression of the spin speed for which the natural frequency of the backward mode attains the minimum value has been obtained. In addition, the internal damping ratio and slenderness intervals associated with such behaviour have been also provided.


The author makes available in an intelligent format and with crisp illustrations a large mass of cult objects of interest to art historians, students of religion, museum curators, and the larger public. The volume is essentially a catalogue of pectoral cross-reliquaries in bronze (pp. 187-390) preceded by a lengthy introduction and followed by a supplement. The catalogue section essentially consists of two parts: cross-reliquaries cast with relief decoration (nos. 1-197) and cross-reliquaries with engraved decoration (nos. 221-651). There is also a small section listing cross-eliquaries with niello decoration (nos. 206-20). A typical entry begins with identification of the collection in which the object is conserved and its inventory number. Such data are then followed by a far more subjective description, namely, the cultural milieu in which the object was produced (for example, "Constantinople," "Constantinople or Anatolia") and at what general date. The entry continues with specification of the item's dimensions, next its provenance, and then its state of preservation. In the introduction to the catalogue the author clearly defines the principles behind the catalogue's structure. It unfolds according to "groupings of related pieces" (p. 187). At the base of such groupings is chronology. In pinpointing dates the author has employed considerations of the technique behind an object's decoration and its iconography, elements, the author asserts, that provide, along with archaeological considerations, the required chronological clues. A goal of the exercise is to try to isolate individual workmen. To achieve this, one would begin with materials that fall into the same time period and proceed from there to peculiarities (or outright mistakes) in epigraphy, iconography,or style. The author fully admits that a number of unknowns might enter into play. For example, although two crosses might be very similar, this could be the result of one workshop copying the style of another. Still, it seems to this reviewer that in the final analysis the author has proceeded to organize the catalogue in a proper, time-honored manner: placing like with like.


The article studies the category of justice in law from the point of view of the value criterion. Purpose: to analyze  justice in law from the point of view of the axiological approach in legal studies revealing the content of this category, to determine the value of justice, which is the basis of legal norms, legal relations, principles of law, that are relevant to regulating relations between the state, society and the individual. Methods: the authors apply descriptions, comparisons, dialectical logic, comparative-legal method. The category of justice is analyzed from the point of view of various approaches in law; it is shown that the axiological approach highlights the essence of justice and its importance for regulating relations between the state, society and the individual, the need to find a balance in regulating these relations. Results: it is concluded that the category of justice implies a direct examination of the attitude of society to the norms of law, to the real equality of different subjects of law, to law enforcement practice, the level of legal awareness of citizens and officials, implementing and enforcing laws. The study of justice in law touches all historical eras, the entire evolutionary path of law itself, is a method for creating legal reality and legal norms.


During the summer of 1973 the rain reflectivity environment in three-dimensional space was routinely recorded on digital tape at Wallops Island, Va. A mode of operation consisted of sampling periodically 60\deg azimuth intervals over regions in which the rain activities were most intense and widespread. A series of plan-position indicator (PPI) sweeps over these intervals were implemented at a sequence of elevation angles starting from 0.5\deg up io an angle above which the reflectivity values were below a designated threshold level. Approximately 500 such raster scans were acquired in which each scan was obtained in less than 4 min and covered a range interval of 10 to 140 km. Using the above data base, reflectivity profiles along representative earth-satellite paths were determined from which attenuation and space diversity statistics were calculated at the frequencies of 13 and 18 GHz. Specifically, the form k = aZ^{b} was used to deduce the total path attenuation, where k is the attenuation coefficient (dB/km), and Z is the reflectivity factor (mm6/m3). The constants a and b were calculated using the raindrop distribution for thunderstorm activity as proposed by Joss. Probabilities that the attenuations exceed given fade depths, diversity gain as a function of fade depths, and diversity gain as a function of site separation distances are characterized and compared at the various frequencies. For the space diversity mode, a site spacing of 15 km is shown to give rise to a near optimum condition for the diversity gain. Furthermore, the diversity gain has been demonstrated to be minimally influenced by the transmitter frequency.


After the military coup of 1926 that gave birth to the Second Portuguese Republic (1926-1974), some sectors of the Portuguese society believed that a new period of the Portuguese History was about to begin. They expected that a new political, economic and social order could put the country on the path of national resurgence, towards which the agency of the First Republic (1910-1926) had failed to lead the country. The main expectation was the recovery of the Portuguese economy, which was weak, open and dependent on foreign goods and capitals. Thus, to achieve national resurgence, the country and its colonies needed to be integrated into the world economy in a more advantageous way. Its presence at international exhibitions was carried out in order to exhibit the importance of Portugal and its territories in the international context. At that time, some Portuguese social actors realised the importance of the telegraph and the radio for the creation of international and national networked societies. They clearly perceived that those technologies were strategic resources for the peripheries, linking them to the centres. The radio also showed how a new technology could be quickly adopted for specific purposes by a society technologically underdeveloped but motivated by a peculiar hierarchy of values.


Purpose – To review opportunities for use of digital printing in the printed circuit board (PCB) industry and to introduce background to ink jet printing, process development and applications in order to reduce costs, enhance efficiency and to enable PCB producers to operate in a more sustainable and flexible manner.Design/methodology/approach – This paper has been written to provide a review of ink jet printing applications in the PCB industry. Ink jet print technology background, ink development and the processes made possible by ink and print head improvements have been described together with a description of the benefits available through digital printing.Findings – It was found that there have been significant developments over recent years in both hardware technology (print heads and accurate print platforms) as well as improvements in the design of inks both for ink jet print performance and functional characteristics. These improvements have been integrated to provide an exciting new technology w...


It is estimated that 30 million people will gain access to medical care beginning in 2014, with implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Administratively, the federal government and most states have not worked out the details of how patients will gain access to the healthcare system, let alone receive care. Primary care providers (PCPs) are ill-prepared to accept this enormous influx of new patients, which will place an even greater strain on the already strapped primary care workforce. Estimates are that an additional 17,000 PCPs are currently needed, and another 40,000 PCPs may be needed by 2025 to care for the nation's aging population. How best to handle this large influx of patients into the healthcare system is at issue.


A magnificent bunch of flowers is brought to my office, paraded through the waiting room of afternoon patients, a glorious ensemble of delicate tulips and petals overflowing with thanks. Pride swells as I receive them.

I am a new registrar to the practice, and I have stumbled my way through my first few months. My trainer is always encouraging, but this …


6 English translation © 2004 M.E. Sharpe, Inc., from the Russian text © 2003 "Svobodnaia mysl'-XXI." "Islam, politika, i bezopasnost' Tsentral'noi Azii," Svobodnaia mysl'-XXI, 2003, no. 3, pp. 26–35. Aleksei Vsevolodovich Malashenko, Doctor of History, is vice-president of the Research Council at the Moscow Carnegie Center and leading research fellow at the Institute for Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences. Notes renumbered for this edition.—Ed. Russian Politics and Law, vol. 42, no. 4, July–August 2004, pp. 6–20. © 2004 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN 1061–1940/2004 $9.50 + 0.00.


This paper discusses mechanical stress measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy in the silicon substrate near Cu-Through Silicon Vias (TSV). A discussion of the relation between the observed Raman shift and the various stress tensor components is given, showing that this relation is often wrongly applied, and that in many cases the compressive stress along the vertical axis of the TSV, dominates the Raman results and hides the tensile axial component which is of most relevance for its impact on CMOS devices. The effect of measurement depth, TSV depth and density, and an oxide cap is shown. Both surface and cross-sectional results are discussed. Also a direct correlation between results from Raman measurements and electrical results from FET-arrays near a TSV is given.


Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problemcaused by a lack of nutritional intake for a long time and not caused by hormonal disorders or diseases. Malnutrition in children can cause children to become sick easily, not optimal body postures, intelligence below normal and increase mortility in infants and children. Stunting can result in long-term economic losses for Indonesia. The purpose of this activity is to provide insight to the community to  prevent stunting to thrive in children. This activity is carried out online with the target audience of the general public participating in the webinar. To determine of participants education, an evaluation was conducted using pre test and post test questionnaires to participants, then analyzed descriptively. The result of this activity is that the level of community knowledge based on results of the pre test and post test has increased significantly, which is almost 86,42%. This can be seen from the discussion and questions given to the speakers and the highest score obtained. The highest score after the pre test was obtained up to 100 points while the lowest was 15 points. The highest score after the post test is obtained up to 100 points while the lowest is 30 points.


FIELD: automatic equipment. SUBSTANCE: device uses computer card- shaped data carriers for each participant of tournament, and control data for each tournament type. Device has at least one reader of card-shaped data carriers, which provides input of data about participants and control data into computer. In addition device has indication board, which is connected to computer in order to display tournament data. Separate stages in running tournament correspond to sequence of reading of data carriers into reader. EFFECT: prevention of deliberate and unintentional service errors. 16 cl, 1 dwg


This paper deals with "Organizational Memory Systems" (OMS) which are seen as a new kind of information systems supporting organizational information processing. OMS result from the application of advanced database and network technologies to support organizational learning and knowledge management approaches. The paper outlines the research model of an empirical study currently in progress. The results of this study will provide an overview of the state-of-the-art of the use of OMS in large organizations. A classification of OMS is suggested which distinguishes between partial and dedicated OMS. A model of organizational information processing (OIP model) is described. The OIP model integrates organizational learning, organizational intelligence and knowledge management approaches and contains a set of information processes. With the help of this model the use of both, partial and dedicated OMS in large organizations is investigated. Key preliminary result of this analysis is that there are already many partial and also a number of dedicated OMS available. Their use requires the appropriate organizational design and culture (= OMS concept) and can create considerable potential when applied to organizational information processing.


The paper proposes a closed-form empirical MESFET model incorporating exact charge and energy conservation constraints. Charge storage in the intrinsic device is described in terms of an energy fuunction explicitly depending on gate and drain voltages, from which the capacitance coefficients and the displacement currents are generated by differentiation. It is shown that this simultaneously ensures the full physical consistency of the model in large-signal operation, and makes the parameter extraction process neater and better defined. In particular, the extraction naturally suggests a well conditioned and accurate model for the voltage-dependent channel delay.


Abstract Spatial motion of an ideal inextensible thread is described by six first order partial differential equations with one space variable and one algebraic equation that has to be valid at each point. In the paper, new formulation of the problem without an algebraic equation is suggested. It is proved that the new problem is equivalent to the original one and an efficient numerical method for its solution is developed.


Objective To study the clinicopathologic features and significances of small bowel metastasis of lung giant cell carcinoma with neuroedocrine differentiation.Methods The clinical and pathological data in a case of multiple small bowel metastases of lung giant cell carcinoma with neuroedocrine differentiation were observed and analyzed by light microscopy,electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining.Results There were three separated tumors in the jejunum.Microscopically,all tumors showed same histological pattern and consisted almost exclusively of poorly cohesive,polymorphic giant cells,some of which were multinucleated.Diffuse and mild infiltration with neutrophilic cells were seen in all tumors.Tumors infiltrated the whole intestinal wall and focal mucosa was affected.Immunohistochemically,tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin-low,CK7,vimentin,TTF-1,NSE and CgA,while negative for CK20 and villin.Electron-microscopically,there were cell connections on the surface and neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells.The pathologic diagnosis of the left upper lobe tumor was lung giant cell carcinoma instead of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.According to the histopathological structure,immunohistochemical labeling results and the clinical history,we made the diagnosis:jejunal metastasis of lung giant cell carcinoma with neuroedocrine differentiation.Conclusion Metastases from lung cancer to gastrointestinal tract are rare;when lung cancer patients have abdominal symptoms,metastases from bronchial and pulmonary carcinoma to the small bowels should be first considered.The histologic type of metastatic tumors to jejunum most commonly is giant cell carcinoma or large cell carcinoma.


In the context of globalization,as a new kind of urban spatial and functional form,global city regions are submerged into the global economic network through global and sub-global cities,and are showing increasingly important functions in the global city system.Through the analysis of the globalization process of the Yangtze River Delta and incorporation of cities and towns in this area,the authors point out that this region is the most probable region to become the global city region in China.Then,from the angle of reorganizing and upgrading the spatial and functional structure of the global city region,it is proposed that Shanghai should enhance its function as a global city;Nanjing,Hangzhou,Suzhou and Ningbo should function as sub-global cities;the interrelations among cities should be strengthened;and the regional supporting network of traffic,communication and market etc should be constructed.Thus,the polycentric,network integrative global city region can be established.In addition,the paper suggests several strategic districts to promote the construction of the global city region in the Yangtze River Delta.