THERE is no more dangerous subject in hygiene than that concerned with the supply and distribution of milk in a large city. Those who advocate a particular method of control, start in the middle and end in the lap of a commercial concern aiming at a considerable profit. At times the question is examined from an hygienic point of view, but even in these circumstances there are pitfalls and traps intn which the reformer frequently precipitates himself. One of the chief difficulties lies in the fact that the legislative definition of pure milk is opposed to the laws of Nature. The standard according to the pure food regulations in the majority of the States of the Commonwealth is artificial, the percentage of fats and solids not fats being laid down in such a manner that. a substantial percentage of Australian cows ought to be prosecuted. It is, of course, necessary to guard against dilution of milk with water and against the abstraction of fats or other ingredients from milk. But it is not beyond the power of the analyst to detect adulteration or tampering by direct tests. Given the natural product of the cow's mammary glands, the important points to determine are whether it is reasonably clean, hy which is meant that the number of bacteria in each cubic centimetre does not exceed ten thousand, whether the number of coliform bacteria is so small that several cubic centimetres have to be used before their presence can be ascertained, whether the milk is free from. pus and the glands are apparently healthy, whether the milk is free from tubercle bacilli and the cow is free from all ascertainable traces of tuberculosis, whether the consumer receives the milk within twenty-four hours of the milking and whether the milk on delivery is still sweet. If all these questions can be answered in the affirmative, the richness or poorness of the milk, or in other words the so-called pure food standard. is immaterial.


Purpose: Cells receiving ionising radiation influence the survival of non-irradiated neighbouring cells through cellular communication (Bystander effects). The aim of this study is to identify conditions for bystander expressions at different doses and times after exposure to ionising radiation of therapeutic energies, using a medium transfer technique. Methods: Donor flasks plated with non-small lung cancer cells, NCI-H460, were exposed to 0 (control), 1, 4, 8 Gy using a 6 MV photon beam. Donor flasks were incubated for designated time periods, then the irradiated conditioned culture medium (ICM) was transferred to non-irradiated receiver cells. Receiver cells were incubated for 5-7 days to form colonies, which were then counted. The data were reported in the form of survival fraction (SF). Results: Proliferative bystander effects, corresponding to bystander effect Type II, were observed at 1 Gy and 8 Gy. At 8 Gy and 1 hour following irradiation a 21% increase in survival fraction was observed. At 4 Gy the ICM has a cytotoxic effect on the receiver cells, corresponding to bystander effect Type I, exhibiting a maximum response at 15 minutes after irradiation. Conclusion: Two types of bystander expression were established in a single cell line. The results provide in vitro evidence to suggest that when lethal doses of radiation are administered to a tumour volume, peripheral non-irradiated regions that contain subclinical disease may show a proliferative response.


Amidst the excitement about the success of novel anti-inflammatory strategies in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, it is important to keep in mind that inflammation also plays a critical role in regeneration and repair. In the setting of tissue injury, there is a need for an optimal level of innate and adaptive immune activation for an adequate response to injury. Whereas there is a clear rationale for anti-inflammatory therapy for patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, there remain unanswered questions. For example, what is the effect of anti-inflammatory therapy on physiological tissue repair and remodeling? This question follows logically from a consideration of recent findings about the role of inflammatory signaling in cellular plasticity and tissue regeneration.


A method for monitoring a rotating machinery group in a on-line condition and its corresponding applications was introduced.The system's inspection demand was achived.By using the important machinery group's on-line monitoring and the analystic system.The distributed architecture incorporated with SMT was adopted in its hardware design.In the software part,a universal Browser/Server module was used.The system,which implements a continuous monitoring,machinery remote scanning and data upload of the condition information.By using this system,avoid the limitation of manual inspection time and improve the quality of monitoring.


Objective To study the mutagenic action of hematopoietic stem / progenitor cells from human umbilical cord blood(HS / PCs-HUCB)in nude mice. Methods Male BALB / c nude mice were divided into three test, one negative control and one positive control groups randomly. The mice in three test groups were injected i.v. with HS / PCs-HUCB at dosages of 1. 25 × 109, 3. 75 × 108 and 1. 25 × 108 cells / kg respectively, while those in negative control group with 0.9% sodium chloride injection containing 1% human serum albumin at a dosage of 50 ml / kg. However, the mice in positive control group were injected i.p. with cyclophosphamide at a dosage of 50 mg / kg. The mice for micronucleus test were injected once a day for 2 d, and their bone marrow cells were smeared and stained with Giemsa 24 h after the last injection, based on which the micronucleated cells in every 12 000 polychromatic erythrocytes(PCE)in bone marrow of mice in each group were counted. However, the mice for sperm abnormality test were injected once a day for 5 d, and their epididymides were isolated on day 35 after the first injection for preparation of sperm smear which was stained with eosin, and the morphologies of 1 500 sperms of mice in each group were observed. Results The micronucleus and sperm abnormality rates of nude mice in the three test groups showed no significant difference with those in negative control group. The ratios of various types of teratosperms in various groups showed no significant difference. In the turn of number, the teratosperms were those with amorphous heads, without hooks, with double heads, with double tails, with double heads and with big heads. However, both micronucleus and sperm abnormality rates in positive control group were significantly higher than those in negative control group. Conclusion HS / PCs-HUCB showed no mutagenic action on nude mice.


Psychological outcome measures of Well‐being and Treatment Satisfaction have been designed and developed for people with tablet‐treated Type 2 diabetes. The Well‐being scale includes three six‐item sub‐scales to measure Depression, Anxiety, and Positive Well‐being. A prime consideration when selecting items for the psychological well‐being measures was to minimize the confounding of diabetic symptomatology with the somatic symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cronbach's alpha indicated that each of the Well‐being sub‐scales and the Treatment Satisfaction scale was internally reliable (alphas ranged from 0.70 to 0.88) and evidence for construct validity was provided by predicted associations with other variables collected at the time of the study. For example, lower Well‐being scores were associated with being overweight (Depression: p < 0.05; Anxiety: p < 0.001) while greater Satisfaction with Treatment was associated with lower HbA1 levels (p < 0.001) and lower percent ideal body weight (p < 0.01). These scales should prove particularly useful where measures of quality of life are required to complement metabolic variables when evaluating new treatments, education programmes, and other interventions, or in the routine auditing of established methods of treatment.


A new model of a hierarchical space with arbitrary transfer rates is introduced. The topology is determined by a self-similar coupling scheme. It is closely related to the topology of a corresponding ultrametric space. The model allows exact solutions to the random-walk problem, the intermediate scattering function, and the autocorrelation function. The solutions are identical in structure to the exact solution of the problem of energy transfer in disordered media which corresponds to parallel rather than to sequential coupling schemes.


Since the early 1980s, the need for collaboration between companies has intensified, in particular due to the increasing complexity of products, the accelerating pace of innovation and technology diffusion, and the expansion of investments and knowledge areas required for their development. Unlike a market transaction, a partnership is created when the customer and suppliers agree to share risks and responsibilities in developing and implementing a feature or subset of a complex product, coordinating their skills and resources. As for cooperation with a supplier in conditions of moderate intensity of competition, then, more often, this is due to the fact that in this context the need for resources and the required innovations is not so high. Collaboration strategies are an attractive way to manage resources when the firm's capabilities are insufficient to achieve the desired result.The paper notes that the intensity of competition favors horizontal cooperation strategies, but does not encourage the choice of vertical cooperation. It has been proven that the ideas of horizontal collaboration are formed during research and development, development of new products and improvement of existing technologies. In this context, they turn out to be the main source of radical innovation. This type of cooperation provides access to the resources most needed to compete in the market.


The caring burden of the relative caregivers of breast cancer covers many aspects which include physiology, psychology, social interaction and economy, and is a multidimensional and complex self-cognitive feeling, involving caregivers themselves, patient and family. In the process of care, there are a large number of physical and mental problems and nursing needs, and the burden of care is affected by a variety of mixed factors. However, effective nursing intervention can reduce the burden of care and negative emotions, improve their quality of life and physical and mental health.

Key words:
Relative caregivers for breast cancer; Burden of care; Psychological experience; Nursing intervention


Expanding the ideas of the author's paper "Nonexpansive maps and option pricing theory" [Kibernetica 34(6) (1998), 713–724] we develop a pure game-theoretic approach to option pricing, by-passing stochastic modeling. Risk neutral probabilities emerge automatically from the robust control evaluation. This approach seems to be especially appealing for incomplete markets encompassing extensive, so to say untamed, randomness, when the coexistence of infinite number of risk neutral measures precludes one from unified pricing of derivative securities. Our method is robust enough to be able to accommodate various markets rules and settings including path dependent payoffs, American options and transaction costs. On the other hand, it leads to rather simple numerical algorithms. Continuous time limit is described by nonlinear and/or fractional Black–Scholes type equations.


nis syndrome. BMJ Case Rep. 2015;2015:bcr2014207987. 26. Fassio F, Losappio L, Antolin-Amerigo D, et al. Kounis syndrome: a concise review with focus on management. Eur J Intern Med. 2016;30:7–10. 27. Lieberman P, Simons FE. Anaphylaxis and cardiovascular disease: therapeutic dilemmas. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015; 45:1288–1295. 28. Uluçay A, Aksoy MF. A case of Kounis syndrome aggravated by administration of morphine. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2012;12:190–191. 29. Ioannidis TI, Mazarakis A, Notaras SP, et al. Hymenoptera sting-induced Kounis syndrome: effects of aspirin and betablocker administration. Int J Cardiol. 2007;121:105–108. 30. Biteker M. Current understanding of Kounis syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2010;6:777–788.


Individuals with high‐functioning autism sometimes exhibit intact or superior performance on visuospatial tasks, in contrast to impaired functioning in other domains such as language comprehension, executive tasks, and social functions. The goal of the current study was to investigate the neural bases of preserved visuospatial processing in high‐functioning autism from the perspective of the cortical underconnectivity theory. We used a combination of behavioral, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional connectivity, and corpus callosum morphometric methodological tools. Thirteen participants with high‐functioning autism and 13 controls (age‐, IQ‐, and gender‐matched) were scanned while performing an Embedded Figures Task. Despite the ability of the autism group to attain behavioral performance comparable to the control group, the brain imaging results revealed several group differences consistent with the cortical underconnectivity account of autism. First, relative to controls, the autism group showed less activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal and inferior parietal areas and more activation in visuospatial (bilateral superior parietal extending to inferior parietal and right occipital) areas. Second, the autism group demonstrated lower functional connectivity between higher‐order working memory/executive areas and visuospatial regions (between frontal and parietal‐occipital). Third, the size of the corpus callosum (an index of anatomical connectivity) was positively correlated with frontal–posterior (parietal and occipital) functional connectivity in the autism group. Thus, even in the visuospatial domain, where preserved performance among people with autism is observed, the neuroimaging signatures of cortical underconnectivity persist.


Inspired by the application of tradtional national culture,it analyzed the content,category and symbol of Mon golian traditional culture.It discussed contemporary Mongolian furniture design must comprehend and grasp the national background data,integrate with modern design concept,to realize the heritage and development of traditional national cul ture,avoid simple imitation and plagiarism.According to that,it proposed to make Mongolian culture integrated with some ideas and approaches about modern furniture.


Lipscomb (1895-1976), the son of a slave, lived almost his whole life in Navasota, Texas, supporting his family by tenant farming cotton. Here Manse relates the hard times working for the bossman and good times playing the blues all over his patch of Texas--and eventually the world. Photos.


Abstract We propose a new mechanism of recrystallization of cold-deformed metals. During the cold deformation, some of the high-angle grain boundaries are moved by the applied stresses, producing low-curvature bulges and leaving almost defect-free regions behind. The driving force for this motion is very high and can be comparable to the yield stress of the material. Upon subsequent heating without applied stresses, such moved boundaries can continue to move without encountering an energy barrier (which is typical of most nucleation models) under the much smaller driving force arising from the stored energy difference across the boundary.


Rapid development and urbanization can increase ambient exposure to NO 2 and its health risks in individuals. However, the association between NO 2 exposure and outpatient visits of patients with psoriasis has rarely been reported, though psoriasis is a major skin disease in rapidly urbanizing areas with high population densities. This study applied a time-stratified case-crossover design to investigate the effect of short-term exposure to ambient NO 2 on outpatient visits for psoriasis from 2014 to 2020 in Guangzhou, China (n = 62,305). A subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate NO 2 impacts on vulnerable subpopulations. Our results showed that the NO 2 concentration during the study period was lower than that of the level II threshold from China (PRC) but higher than that set by the WHO, indicating moderate air quality. However, a 10-µ g m –3 increase in NO 2 concentration could still be associated with 3.1% higher outpatient visits for psoriasis (adjusted RR of lag 0 day:1.031 [CI: 1.025, 1.037]). NO 2 exposure can also pose long-term risks. Additionally, NO 2 impacts on psoriasis may be independent of other pollutants. Adjusting for PM 2.5 , SO 2 , O 3 , and meteorological factors, a 10-µ g m –3 increase in NO 2 was associated with RRs of 1.043 [CI: 1.033, 1.053], 1.022 [CI: 1.014, 1.031], and 1.022 [CI: 1.014, 1.031] at lag 0, lag 1, and lag 2 days, respectively. NO 2 risks were higher among older individuals (age ≥ 60 years) and those with medical insurance [adjusted RRs: 1.045 (CI: 1.023, 1.066) and 1.047 (CI: 1.036, 1.058)]. Being a major pollutant in rapidly urbanizing areas with high population densities, NO 2 emission could be a crucial factor in psoriasis, although the daily pollution level was not above the air quality thresholds. Challenges associated with air quality control and health disparity create a necessity for the enhancement of health and environmental policies to reduce local and regional emissions (e.g., traffic-related pollution), and vulnerable subpopulations should be targeted


When you consider saving energy in your home, business or farm, the first thought that comes the mind is solar and wind power. But then you start doing to math, only to realise that it is going to cost an arm and a leg to convert the entire operation to solar power.


Two-photon microscopy has been used to perform high spatial resolution imaging of spine plasticity in the intact neocortex of living mice. Multi-photon absorption has also been used as a tool for the selective disruption of cellular structures in living cells and simple organisms. In this work we exploit the spatial localization of multi-photon excitation to perform selective lesions on the neuronal processes of cortical neurons in living mice expressing fluorescent proteins. This methodology was applied to dissect single dendrites with sub-micrometric precision without causing any visible collateral damage to the surrounding neuronal structures. The spatial precision of this method was demonstrated by ablating individual dendritic spines, while sparing the adjacent spines and the structural integrity of the dendrite. The morphological consequences were then characterized with time lapse 3D two-photon imaging over a period of minutes to days after the procedure. Here we present the results of our systematic study of the morphological response of cortical pyramidal neurons to nanosurgical perturbations. Dendritic branches were followed after transecting distal segments, whilst the plasticity and remodeling of individual dendritic spines on a given branch was also followed after removing of a subset of spines.


The co-construction and sharing of the digital educational information resources,not only needs to paying much attention to copyright protection,information resource standardization,website design of educational information resource,building and management of educational information resources database.,but also needs to pay much attention to training the consciousness of co-construction and sharing,training the professional managers,improving the quality of the digital educational information resources,strengthening the convenience of using digital educational information resources,following proper sequence principle,pushing the co-construction and sharing of the digital educational information resources forward gradually.


We did a systematic review to understand: (a) the effects of integrated versus usual care on the developmental outcomes and nutritional status of children under five years; and (b) which intervention characteristics are associated with positive effects.

 We searched eight electronic databases for studies published between January 2013 and September 2019. Eligible studies were Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) and non-randomised controlled studies of integrated nutrition and stimulation interventions with child growth and developmental outcomes. We extracted data on intervention characteristics including delivery strategies, behaviour change techniques, intervention intensity and delivery personnel. We meta-analysed data for Length-for-age/Height-for-age Z scores (LAZ/HAZ) and cognitive, motor and language development scores, and conducted subgroup analyses by main intervention characteristics.

 Twenty-two unique RCTs met the inclusion criteria, of which 16 were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to the usual care, pooled Effect Sizes (ES) showed small to medium benefits of integrated interventions on cognitive (n = 15, ES 0.64; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.88) and language development scores (n = 10, ES 0.47, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.73) but heterogeneity was high (I2>75%). We found no significant effects of interventions on motor development scores (n = 12, ES 0.31, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.64) or LAZ/HAZ scores (n = 8, ES -0.03, 95% CI: -0.11, 0.03). The effects of interventions on developmental outcomes did not differ by intervention characteristics, and heterogeneity remained high in sub-group analyses.

 Integrated nutrition and stimulation interventions had significant effects on cognitive and language development, but no detectable effect on motor development or linear growth. Our ability to identify intervention characteristics linked to positive effects can be improved by standardising the reporting of implementation processes.

 More high-quality trials with longer follow-up duration are needed to examine the role of integrated nutrition and stimulation interventions on growth and developmental outcomes. Future research should map the characteristics of integrated nutrition and stimulation interventions following standardised guidelines to understand their influence on the outcomes reported.


We develop a method for reconstructing the three-dimensional (3D) trajectories of droplets in flight captured by multiple unsynchronized cameras. Triangulation techniques that underpin most stereo reconstruction methods do not apply in this context as the image streams recorded by different cameras are not synchronized. We assume instead a priori knowledge about the motion of the droplets to reconstruct their 3D trajectories given unlabelled two-dimensional tracks in videos recorded by different cameras. Our approach also avoids the challenge of accurately matching droplet tracks across multiple video frames. We evaluate the proposed method using both synthetic and real data.


The main reported solutions for the problem of multi-robot relative localization require synchronous communication between robots, where the network should communicate each time a relative measurement is logged in the team. This paper proposes a localization method, which can accommodate communication at a low predefined rate rather than forcing communication each time a measurement is logged. This is achieved without explicitly accumulating past measurements locally at each robot. This capability is necessary to support increasing number of robots in a team, under finite communication and computation resources. The design includes a novel fusion strategy, a consistent estimation method, and a state based initialization method, embedded in a distributed target tracking framework. The design is efficient in terms of computation demand, since it scales linearly with the number of robots. Additionally, the design is efficient in terms of communication demand, since communication is neither required to be synchronized with sensor readings, nor constrained to a specific network topology. The paper validates the proposed approach for its initialization capability, consistency of estimates, and robustness of performance, through several numerical simulations and using a publicly available multi-robot data set.


We present a case of septic shock that was unrecognized until the patient developed respiratory distress and severe sepsis. The patient's temperature, granulocyte count, anion gap, history of conns adenoma and renal function on presentation offered clues to the correct diagnosis. The final diagnosis of abdominal foreign body due to toothpick ingestion was discovered on exploratory laparotomy.


Objective
To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of Y-shaped jogged stent in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction.

Methods
During the period of January 2010 to June 2015, We retrospectively reviewed 98 cases of malignant hilar biliary obstruction who were received implantation of biliary tract stent. 17 consecutive patients who were treated with Y-shaped jogged stent were identified (group A) during January 2012 to June 2015. Group A was carefully matched according to patients' age, sex, type of tumor, stage, type of biliary obstruction, level of bilirubin at diagnosis, presence of metastasis and treatment, and 17 patients who were underwent unilateral stent placement alone with PTCD were chosen as control group (group B). Patients' baseline characteristics, stenting strategy, complications, stent patency time and survival rates were analyzed, and continuous variables of the two groups were compared using Student's t-test. Categorical variables were analyzed using the Fisher exact test.

Results
Y-shaped jogged stent implantation group and control groups were closely matched in terms of patients' age, sex, type of tumor, stage, type of biliary obstruction, level of bilirubin at diagnosis, presence of metastasis and treatment (P>0.05). The bilirubin decreased rate in the two groups was 88.2% and 53.0% respectively (P<0.05). The median time of stent patency after stent implantation was (7.3±1.0) months and (5.7±0.9) months respectively (χ2=4.04,P=0.044), and the median survival time was (9.1±1.5) months and (7.2±1.1) months (χ2=4.60,P=0.032), with significant difference according to Kaplan-Meier analysis. There were no severe complications such as massive hemorrhage, perforation, biliary fistula and severe pancreatitis, which were associated with stent implantation.

Conclusions
The application of Y-shaped jogged stent is safe, feasible and effective in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction. It can relieve the clinical symptoms of biliary obstruction effectively with prolongation of stent patency time and survival rate significantly.

Key words:
Jaundice, obstructive; Neoplasms; Radiology, interventional; Y-shaped jogged stent


This paper presents an external analog readout circuit based on frequency response analysis implemented on PCB for the specific use of embedded carbon nanotube (CNT) sensors. The readout architecture based on analog coherent detection technique allows to extract resistance and reactance on a 400 kHz bandwidth with a range of sensor impedances from 8 kΩ to 181 kΩ range, a fixed 30 kΩ transimpedance gain, and a precision of 0.6 %. This readout is composed of 216 inputs to 2 outputs multiplexer network allowing to use a single impedance extraction circuit to monitor a test vehicle with 108 CNT sensors. The embedded sensors aim at studying temperature, humidity and strain inside a flip chip package to improve assembly processes.


In this work, we describe the design and test of a new piece of equipment, developed in order to enhance speed, gas consumption and safety during the manual asphalt roofing process. The novelty of the equipment is based on the use of a set of five parallel gas burners located in front of the roll to maximize heat transfer. The equipment is light and can be used by any worker on any type of roof. It also includes a thermal insulation cover to significantly reduce gas consumption and, thus, to reduce CO2, SO2, and other non-eco-friendly emissions. In this paper, we present the mechanical and thermal design and analysis of the equipment, Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations for heat transfer calculation, a description of the manufacturing and assembly, a preliminary thermal test, and an operational test. The results demonstrate an installation speed of 1.75 m2/min, for 3 kg/m2 rolls, which translates to around 700–735 m2 per person per day, more than twice the usual manual roofing rate. Nevertheless, some issues need to be resolved, such as the nonuniform heat distribution and the low heat transfer at the end of the roll installation.


This work investigates the static corrosion and removal rates of copper as functions of H2O2 and FA/OIIconcentration,and uses DC electrochemical measurements such as open circuit potential(OCP),Tafel analysis,as well as cyclic voltammetry(CV) to study H2O2 and FA/OIIdependent surface reactions of Cu coupon electrode in alkaline slurry without an inhibitor. An atomic force microscopy(AFM) technique is also used to measure the surface roughness and surface morphology of copper in static corrosion and polishing conditions. It is shown that 0.5 vol.% H2O2 should be the primary choice to achieve high material removal rate. The electrochemical results reveal that the addition of FA/O II can dissolve partial oxide film to accelerate the electrochemical anodic reactions and make the oxide layer porous,so that the structurally weak oxide film can be easily removed by mechanical abrasion. The variation of surface roughness and morphology of copper under static conditions is consistent with and provides further support for the reaction mechanisms proposed in the context of DC electrochemicalmeasurements.Inaddition,inthepresenceofH2O2,3vol.%FA/OIImaybesignificantlyeffectivefroma surfaceroughnessperspectivetoobtainarelativelyflatcoppersurfaceinchemicalmechanicalplanarization(CMP)process.


In recent years, phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) has become a popular method to measure the shapes of specular surfaces. However, the inherent slope-height ambiguity problem, which indicates the phase of the recorded fringe pattern is determined by both the height and slope of the test surface, causes considerable ambiguity errors in the measurement results. Existing error reduction methods usually require the initial shape information of the test surface or additional equipment to assist the measurement. These requirements make measurement inflexible in some situations. In this paper, the slope-height ambiguity problem in PMD is modelled and analyzed analytically for the first time, and the system geometry requirements of minimizing the ambiguity error are carried out accordingly. To meet these requirements, a co-axis optical path setup with a telecentric imaging system is proposed. In our simulation and experiment, this system reduces the phase and height errors by up to two orders of magnitude, compared to those from the normally employed system geometry setup.


The main contribution of this work is to apply Tabu search based algorithms for solution of scheduling of jobs in CMS environment. An attempt has been made in this work to vary the job sequencing so that optimal sequencing of jobs can be achieved. The idea behind this work is to perturb sequences in the search of better results. More the number of sequences higher will be the degree of the optimization of objective (COF). This algorithm is suitable to explore number of job sequences from a fixed job sequence and its ability to come out from local optima. The main objective, which is the combination of maximizing the machine utilization by keeping penalty cost nil is achieved by this method. A scheduling procedure is developed for a specific FMS to maintain its flexibility and thereby the intended performance measures. The mechanism operates based on Tabu search and optimizes two contradicting objectives simultaneously. The problem in this research is considered as each processing step of job has a processing time with specific operation. Set up times of machines and intercellular movement times can be considered while solving the scheduling problem in future.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the growing problem of cross‐border fraud, assess the structures that have emerged to deal with it, identify weaknesses and make the case for a new international body to lead the fight against cross‐border fraud.Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews various primary and secondary resources drawn from around the world to assess the current infrastructure for addressing cross‐border fraud.Findings – The paper finds various gaps as well as examples of good practice in the fight against cross‐border fraud. However, to have a meaningful impact it is concluded a new international body is required.Research limitations/implications – The paper is largely focused upon the English speaking world and the European Union and does not explore the nature and response to the problem beyond these areas, other than in current international led responses.Practical implications – The findings have implications for national and international bodies in considering ...


Six pharmaceutically relevant reactions were assessed for scale-out in an automated stop-flow microwave reactor. Daily through-puts of between 50 and 250 g were achieved at typical reaction concentrations; for more concentrated reactions, or with 24 h processing, productivity of 0.5−1.5 kg per day was achievable. This study confirms that the stop-flow approach in combination with rapid microwave heating can be equivalent to conventional continuous flow technology with comparable productivities.


Review. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation has seen a large-scale reform including the planned introduction of the concept of ownership into the legal «fabric» of civil law, thus making possible to consider one of the ways to protect the actual ownership possessory action. The paper defines the possessory action, analyzes its structure, focuses on controversial statements, and deals with the consequences of satisfaction of a possessory action.


In this review on the basis of published data shows some unresolved, controversial issues for diagnosis and treatment of erysipelas. Currently rarely possible to distinguish hemolytic streptococcus from the blood and the source of inflammation in patients with erysipelas. Treatment with antibiotics has led to steel sow of wounds and inflamed skin staphylococci or association of microbes. In this regard, was again hypothesized polyetiology erysipelas and leading role in the etiology takes aureus. This has led to a wide and usually futile purpose antistaphylococcal Immunopreparat for prevention and treatment of relapses erysipelas. The article focuses on the ability of large streptococci transformed into an L-shape and principles of causal treatment.


The paper investigates the importance of an all-optical packet router with QoS capabilities logical performance simulation. The objective of the work is to study in detail the role of all important factors to be taken into account when designing a computer model of optical packet router performance. The hardware general architecture of an all-optical packet router is presented, and QoS and performance improvement mechanisms are reviewed. The functions of router control unit and aspects of control algorithms are discussed. Simulation conditions and objectives and directions of performance examination are presented as well.


Abstract This study explored the transactional association between anxiety symptoms and risk‐avoidance in Dutch elementary schoolchildren (N = 1200; 50% girls) across ages 8–12. Anxiety symptoms were obtained using self‐, peer‐, and teacher‐reports. Risk‐avoidance was measured using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task—Youth Version. Random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel models showed that, across informants, increases in anxiety symptoms predicted decreases in risk‐taking. Apart from minor exceptions, this effect was similar across sexes. For peer‐reports, the reverse path from decreases in risk‐taking to increased anxiety was also found. Overall, this study gives insight into the developmental link between symptoms of anxiety and risk‐avoidance which is important for early signaling and prevention as well as for our understanding of the consequences of childhood anxiety symptoms.


Ni‐Mn disordered alloys in the bulk form are known to have a reentrant phase for a range of Mn percentages that are <24 at. % Mn [W. Abdul‐Razzaq and J. S. Kouvel, Phys. Rev. B 35, 1764 (1987)]. By a sputtering technique, we have synthesized thin films of Ni–Mn (22.2 at. % Mn) of different thicknesses that undergo a transition from a ferromagnetic state to a spin‐glass (reentrant) state with decreasing temperature. After initial cooling in zero field from room temperature to 5 K, the magnetization M was measured in an applied field of 100 G as the temperature was raised to 200 K. A peak in the magnetization was observed for all the films at about the same temperature. We found that this temperature represents the transition from a ferromagnetic‐like state to a spin‐glass state. The magnetic hysteresis loop obtained by cooling from 200 to 5 K in a 10‐kG field was also measured and found to be asymmetrical and displaced from the origin for every film. The displaced loops indicate that these films have a uni...


State responsibility, consisting of both subjective and objective aspects, refers to the international responsibility assumed by a state owing to its international wrongful acts. That the state shoulders the principal responsibility is determined by the principal position which a state holds in the international law. The subjective side of state responsibility refers to the subjective basis on which a state commits the international illegal acts.Its also means the awareness and intention a state has when conducting the wrongful acts. The objective side refers to the objective characteristics of a state's illegal behaviors.


Turbocharged CNG engines produce high NOx emission due to the fuel type and high combustion temperature. In this research, the effects of lean-burn and waste gate opening pressure threshold on NOx emission are studied theoretically and experimentally at WOT condition as well as 13-mode ECE-R49 test cycle. A code is developed in MATLAB environment for predicting engine NOx and the results are validated with the research experiments. Simulations show that NOx increases by increase of excess air ratio and reaches at most to 2486ppm at excess air ratio of 1.1 and then decreases. It is also experimentally found that changing waste gate opening pressure threshold from 165mmHg to 200 and 265mmHg decreases total bsNOx at a rate of 6% and 12% respectively. Increase of the threshold to 323mmHg increases total bsNOx. Therefore, to minimize the cycle bsNOx, the threshold of 265mmHg is the optimum threshold for the engine between the four pressure thresholds experimented.


In this thesis, we focus on the study and presentation of the empirical Bayes estimation methods, which borrows elements, both form classical and Bayesian statistics. These methods allow the modelling of complicated problems using Bayesian techniques, but employ classical statistics methods for obtaining parameter estimates. The main difference between classical and Bayesian statistics, is the definition of the statistical model's unknown parameters. In the first case, the parameters are considered to be unknown fixed quantities, whereas in the second one, they are random variables. It is that difference that has led to the dispute between classical and Bayesian supporting statisticians. On one hand, the classical statistics supporters, do not agree with the lack of objectivity in the results obtain using Bayesian methods and on the other hand, the Bayesian statistics supporters believe that if there is any further information regarding the parameter beforehand, it must be utilized.
Initially, the Bayes approach is presented, which makes use of the same basic methodology and hypotheses as the empirical Bayes approach. Then the parametric and non-parametric empirical Bayes is also presented, ending with the credibility theory and its connection with the Bayes and empirical Bayes approach.


The German /r/ sound is one of the most difficult sounds for American English (AE) speakers learning German as a foreign language. Part of this difficulty may be due to its rich phonetic variation. The standard German /r/ variant [R] and dialectal variant [R′] are achieved by varying the tongue constriction degree while keeping place of articulation constant [Schiller and Mooshammer (1995)]. The close articulatory proximity of these allophones provides an opportunity for testing the relationship between perception and production in L2 sound acquisition. The aim of this study is to investigate how well experienced AE speakers and naive AE speakers can discriminate and produce the difference between the uvular fricative [R] versus the uvular trill [R′]. Two groups of AE subjects who participated in an imitation study were prompted to produce single words beginning with either [R] or [R′]. Subjects also participated in a discrimination and categorization test. Preliminary results suggest that inexperienced AE can discriminate [R] versus [R′] well. They often perceive the sounds as /h/ and are more successful at producing [R′] than [R]. Experienced speakers also discriminate the two sounds well, perceive both sounds as the German /r/ and struggle more with producing [R′] than [R].


This paper describes laboratory and field tests conducted using a new fiber stabilization technique for sands. Laboratory unconfined compression tests using 51 mm long monofilament polypropylene fibers to stabilize a poorly graded (SP) sand showed an optimum fiber content of 1% (by dry weight). Field test sections were constructed and traffic tested using simulated C-130 aircraft traffic with a 13,608 kg tire load at 690 kPa tire pressure and a 4,536 kg military cargo truck loaded to a gross weight of 18,870 kg. Test results showed that sand-fiber stabilization over a sand subgrade supported over 1,000 passes of a C-130 tire load with less than 51 mm of rutting. The top 102 mm of the sand-fiber layer was lightly stabilized with tree resin to provide a wearing surface. Based on limited truck traffic tests, 203 mm thick sand-fiber layer, surfaced with a spray application of tree resin, would support substantial amounts of military truck traffic.


Design–build (DB) projects have become increasingly popular for construction projects in developing countries due to the cost and scheduling advantages and their design optimization ability. As a result, much research has been conducted on improving DB efficiency in terms of cost, scheduling, risk management, etc. However, the existing studies have mainly focused on the owner's roles, whereas general contractors (GCs) must also take many risks on behalf of owners in DB projects. The adequate identification and assessment of risks before engaging a contractor can increase the likelihood of a project's success, at least from a DB contractor's perspective. Therefore, this study interviewed procurement experts to conduct a survey at the local level, then analyzed, developed, and proposed an additional risk management process (RMP) for use by GCs during the bidding process of DB projects. A case study was conducted with a large Vietnamese GC to evaluate the effectiveness of the process and find ways to optimize it in the future. The results of the study showed that risk management during a DB project is imperative. Nevertheless, preparing bids is time-consuming and increases the contingency costs, reducing the competitiveness of the bid prices for contractors. Therefore, depending on the specific project and risk management objectives, an RMP is recommended for adjusting the risk management target to reduce the risk, while still maintaining the competitiveness of the bid prices.


Detection of incipient looseness in structural is a very important issue among the practicing engineers, especially in civil, mechanical and aerospace structure. In Railway track system various mechanically fastened joint are available which subject to complex in service stress and ensuring structural safety of such joint is a vital task. Safety is one of the major challenges for railway engineers in the 2st century. Although various non-destructive techniques available for maintenance and monitoring, but most of this human intervention with subjective decision. It clearly indicates the urgent need for improving and to provide an efficient monitoring approach. This paper presents a structural health monitoring (SHM) approach with AD5933 impedance converter using electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique for monitoring mechanically fastened joint. In this investigation, experiments are conducted on tin material strip, a piezoelectric circular diaphragm surface bonded with the structure for damage detection based on EMI method. The experimental results report that the technique successfully measures the impedance signal from bolted joint and good repeatability using AD5933. These experiments basis for electromechanical impedance technique applied in railway safety application.


Objective To compare the behavioural side effects associatedwith twocommonlyused antiepilepsydrugs — phenobarbital and carbamazepine — in children in Bangladesh. Design Prospective randomised controlled single centre trial.


A set of extensions of the Satellite Orbit Analysis Program (SOAP) enables simultaneous and/or sequential presentation of information from multiple sources. SOAP is used in the aerospace community as a means of collaborative visualization and analysis of data on planned spacecraft missions. The following definitions of terms also describe the display modalities of SOAP as now extended: In SOAP terminology, View signifies an animated three-dimensional (3D) scene, two-dimensional still image, plot of numerical data, or any other visible display derived from a computational simulation or other data source; a) "Viewport" signifies a rectangular portion of a computer-display window containing a view; b) "Palette" signifies a collection of one or more viewports configured for simultaneous (split-screen) display in the same window; c) "Slide" signifies a palette with a beginning and ending time and an animation time step; and d) "Presentation" signifies a prescribed sequence of slides. For example, multiple 3D views from different locations can be crafted for simultaneous display and combined with numerical plots and other representations of data for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The resulting sets of views can be temporally sequenced to convey visual impressions of a sequence of events for a planned mission.


e15019 Background: Many clinicians adopt a nihilistic approach to the management of APC. Delivery of 2L-Ctx is relatively uncommon and no recognized standard exists. We sought to examine the publis...


We study the problem of discovering a team of experts from a social network. Given a project whose completion requires a set of skills, our goal is to find a set of experts that together have all of the required skills and also have the minimal communication cost among them. We propose two communication cost functions designed for two types of communication structures. We show that the problem of finding the team of experts that minimizes one of the proposed cost functions is NP-hard. Thus, an approximation algorithm with an approximation ratio of two is designed. We introduce the problem of finding a team of experts with a leader. The leader is responsible for monitoring and coordinating the project, and thus a different communication cost function is used in this problem. To solve this problem, an exact polynomial algorithm is proposed. We show that the total number of teams may be exponential with respect to the number of required skills. Thus, two procedures that produce top-k teams of experts with or without a leader in polynomial delay are proposed. Extensive experiments on real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed methods.


Morphological properties of fruit bearing shoots: length, number of flower
 buds and vegetative buds and their ratio were studied in 11 cultivars of
 European plum and 11 cultivars of Japanese plum during a two-year period.
 Fruit bearing shoots were divided into two groups: long (shoots) and short
 (spurs). For all studied traits, statistically significant differences
 between plum cultivars were found. Japanese plums had lesser thickness and
 shorter internodes of shoots in relation to European plums. They also had a
 significantly higher number of flower buds both on shoots and spurs. Based
 on obtained results, recommendations for pruning can be made. Cultivars with
 a higher number of flower buds per 1-m length and in relation to vegetative
 buds, like most varieties of Japanese plum and some varieties of European
 plum ("Stanley", "Topper", "Top", "Topking"), require severe pruning. On the
 other hand, cultivars with lower density of flower buds, such as "Cacanska
 rana" and "Golden Plum", can be pruned slightly.


The invention concerns embryonal (cardiomyocytary and cardiomyoblastary) cardiac muscle cells, their preparation and their use, in particular for cell-mediated gene transplant. The areas of application of the invention are medicine and genetic engineering. The embryonal cardiac muscle cells according to the invention contain two gene constructs comprising: a) a regulatory, 2.1-kb long DNA sequence of the ventricle-specific myosin light-chain-2 (MLC-2v) promoter, the selectable marker gene beta -galactosidase in fusion with the reporter gene neomycin; and b) a regulatory DNA sequence of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter and the selectable marker gene hygromycin. and optionally immortalising genes and/or optionally genes inactivated by homologous recombination and/or optionally one or a plurality of therapeutic genes. The cells can advantageously be used for cell-mediated gene transplant, in particular for constructing healthy tissue and assisting contractile functions, for investigating substances, in particular for pharmacological investigations and for the transfer of therapeutic genes into the myocardium.


Introduction To review the sputum bacteriology and its in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a state tertiary-referral Hospital (Penang hospital, Malaysia) in order to determine the most appropriate empiric antibiotics. Patients and Methods From September 2006 to May 2007, 68 immunocompetent adult patients [mean age: 52 years (range 16-89); 69% male] admitted to respiratory wards for CAP with positive sputum isolates within 48 hours of admission were retrospectively identified and reviewed. Results 62 isolates were Gram(-) bacilli (91%) & 6 were Gram(+) cocci (9%). Two commonest isolated pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=20) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=19) which together constituted 57% of all positive isolates. Among the Pseudomonas isolates, 84.2% were fully sensitive to cefoperazone and cefoperazon/sulbactam; 95% to ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, ciprofloxacin and amikacin, and 100% to gentamycin, netilmycin, imipenem and meropenem. Among the Klebsiella isolates, 5.3% were fully sensitive to ampicillin; 84.2% to amoxicillin, ampicllin/sulbactam, cefuroxime and ceftriazone; 89.5% to piperacillin/tazobactam; 93.3% to cefoperazon/sulbactam and 100% sensitive to ceftazidime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, all aminoglycosides and carbopenems. Conclusion In view of the high prevalence in respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ampicillin/sulbactam, currently the most prescribed antibiotic to treat CAP in our respiratory wards, may not be the most appropriate empiric choice. Higher generation cephalosporins with or without beta-lactamase inhibitors, ciprofloxacin or carbapenem may be the more appropriate choices. The lack of information on patients' premorbidities such as recent hospitalization and prior antibiotic exposure, limits the interpretation of our findings and may have biased our results towards higher rates of Gram negative organisms.


Aptness is an umbrella term that covers a multitude of issues in the interpretation and generation of creative metaphor. In this paper we concentrate on one of these issues --- the notion of lexical systematicity --- and explore its role in ascertaining the coherence of creative metaphor relative to the structure of the target concept being described. We argue that all else being equal, the most apt metaphors are those that resonate most with the way the target concept is literally and metaphorically organized. As such, the lexicon plays a key role in enforcing and recognizing aptness, insofar as this existing organization will already have been lexicalized. We perform our exploration in the context of WordNet, and describe how relational structures can be automatically extracted from this lexical taxonomy to facilitate the interpretation of creative metaphors.


The reuse of knowledge acquired by operators to diagnose failures in Information Technology (IT) infrastructures has potential to decrease the recurrence of failures and, consequently, reduce possible losses and maintenance costs. Nevertheless, existing solutions to support failure diagnosis lack of flexibility to adapt to a constantly changing IT environment. As a result, diagnostic is performed in an ad hoc and static fashion, which hampers the reuse of knowledge to solve similar failures affecting different elements of an IT infrastructure. To bridge this gap, in this paper we propose an extension of Common Information Model (CIM), supported by a conceptual solution for the identification of the root causes of problems, adaptable to changes in the target infrastructure and applicable to similar failures. Experiments carried out considering typical failures during the deployment of IT changes provide evidence about the efficacy of the proposed solution1.


Triolein was hydrogenated under various operating conditions. Five types of catalysts were employed. Platinum and palladium catalysts were used at 50°C and each of three types of nickel catalyst was used at 160°, 180°, 200° and 220°C. The hydrogenated products were subjected to lipase hydrolysis (lipolysis) to remove a portion of the acyl groups on the α, α'-positions. The hydrogenated products and fatty acids liberated by lipolysis were analyzed for fatty acid compositions and for content of the trans isomers. In case of nickel boride catalyst, the results showed that the oleoyl groups on α, α'-positions of triolein molecule are hydrogenated slightly faster than that on β-position. The other catalysts have not shown the selectivity of hydrogenation toward the position of acyl groups. There was no relation to be discussed between the position of acyl groups and the formation of trans isomers during hydrogenation with each nickel catalyst. Upon comparison at the same iodine value, trans isomer content in hydrogenated products was the most in case of nickel boride catalyst.


Behcet's syndrome (BS) is a chronic disease characterized by
the presence oral and genital ulcers, skin, eye,
gastrointestinal, vascular, and central nervous system
involvement; the etiology of the disease is not fully
understood. While it is known to be frequent in Mediterranean
countries, the highest prevalence is in Turkey. In BS, various
types of vascular involvement are identifiable. BS generally
leads to venous thrombosis with more frequent involvement at
lower extremities, and majority of cases are men. While
thrombophlebitis is often observed, thromboembolic diseases are
rarely found, because the venous thrombi adhere to the walls of
the veins tightly. Our case is a 19-year-old male who developed
massive hemoptysis in his sister's house where he was visiting
for vacation and was brought to the hospital by emergency
service. Despite aggressive cardiopulmonary resuscitation the
patient deceased. His was classified as suspicious and the
patient transferred to our service for autopsy. Upon reviewing
the hospital documents we found that he was followed up for BS
for about two years, and was treated with anticoagulants for
pulmonary embolism in the last 5 months after being admitted in
a chest clinic for hemoptysis. During external examination in
bloody foams were detected in the mouth and nose. During the
internal examination we found a pulmonary artery aneurism of 6
cm in diameter with a thrombus inside, a 20 cm long thrombus
that was blocking almost the whole lumen of the popliteal vein
and a macroscopic infarct and blood aspiration areas in the
left lung. We discuss the autopsy findings of this case along
with the literature in this field.


Code-switching (usage of different languages within a single conversation context in an alternative manner) is a highly increasing phenomenon in social media and colloquial usage which poses different challenges for natural language processing. This paper introduces the first study for the detection of Turkish-English code-switching and also a small test data collected from social media in order to smooth the way for further studies. The proposed system using character level n-grams and conditional random fields (CRFs) obtains 95.6% micro-averaged F1-score on the introduced test data set.


The utility model relates to a reel preventing impression on the inner layer of a hot-rolled sheet, comprising a reel axis, a draw rod, a rectangular pyramid sleeve, a sector plate out of the rectangular pyramid sleeve and a jaw sector plate which are arranged in the reel axis. The reel is characterized in that one end of the draw rod is provided with a spring seat sheathed with a spring whose other end is provided with a spring press cap. The spring seat is provided with a lug; the jaw sector plate is provided with an axial slot the lower part in which is provided with a jaw wedge strip; an axial jaw wedge strip is connected with the lug; the wedge face of the jaw wedge strip matches with a bevel on a lower jaw strip bottom on the jaw sector plate slot. The inside of the slot is fixedly connected with an upper jaw strip. The opposed face between the upper and lower jaw strips is a bevel with an included angle. The top cambered surfaces of the upper and lower jaw strips are smoothly connected with the jaw sector plate. Extension lines of the top cambered surfaces of the upper and lower jaw strips have a height difference in the radial direction. The utility model has the advantages that the reel reduces or does not generate inner ring impression in the steel belt coil.


In this paper, a new scheme of designing pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) based on a 1D discrete chaotic system is presented. Firstly, a new 1D compound discrete chaotic system, Logistic-Tent map, is proposed. The Logistic-Tent system emerges chaos phenomenon in a wider range of parameters. Moreover, the chaotic array produced with this Logistic-Tent map has higher randomness. Secondly, a pseudo-random number generating algorithm is proposed. The pseudo-random numbers geberated by this algorithm are uniformly distributed and can successfully pass the randomness tests with NIST SP800-22 software package. Furthermore, histogram test, information entropy analysis, and sensitivity test confirmed that the proposed approach can generate pseudo-random number sequences with good cryptographic performance.


NMR spin–lattice relaxation times (T1) for nucleus D of D2O in deuterated formamide (FA-d3)–D2O mixtures were measured up to 80 mol % of FA-d3 at 25 °C under pressure up to 196.1 MPa. To discuss th...


The conformational properties of a,a-dialkylated amino acid residues possessing acyclic (diethylglycine, Deg;' di-n -propylglycine, Dpg; di-n -butylglycine, Dbg) and cyclic (l-aminocycloalkane-1 -carboxylic acid, Acnc) side chains have been compared in solution. Thejive peptides studied by nmr and CD spectroscopy are Boc-Ala-Xxx-Ala-OMe, whereXxx = Deg ( I ) , Dpg (II), Dbg ( H I ) , Ac6c (IV), and A c , ~ (V) . Delineation of solvent-shielded NH groups have been achieved by solvent and temperature dependence of NH chemical shijis in CDC13 and (CD3),S0 and by paramagnetic radical induced line broadening in peptide III. In the Dxg peptides the order of solvent exposure of NH groups is Ala(1) > Ala(3) > Dxg(2), whereas in the Acnc peptides the order of solvent exposure of NH groups is Ala(1) > Acnc(2) > Ala(3). The nmr results suggest that Acnc peptides adopt folded @turn conformations with Ala(1) and Acnc(2) occupying i + I and i + 2 positions. In contrast, the Dxg peptides favor extended C, conformations. The conformational differences in the two series are clearly borne out in CD studies. The solution conformations of peptides I-III are distinctly diflerent j-om the &turn structure observed in crystals. Low temperature nmr spectra recorded immediately after dissolution of crystals of peptide II provide evidence for a structural transition. Introduction of an additional hydrogen-bonding function in Boc-Ala-Dpg-Ala-NHMe ( VI) results in a stabilization of a consecutive &turn or incipient 3,,,-helix in solution. 0 I995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


A study of the fractional Lagrangian of the so-called Caldirola-Kanai oscillator is presented. The fractional Euler-Lagrangian equations of the system have been obtained, and the obtained Euler-Lagrangian equations have been studied numerically. The numerical study is based on the so-called Grunwald-Letnikov approach, which is power series expansion of the generating function (backward and forward difference) and it can be easy derived from the Grunwald-Letnikov definition of the fractional derivative. This approach is based on the fact, that Riemman-Liouville fractional derivative is equivalent to the Grunwald-Letnikov derivative for a wide class of the functions.


Objective To evaluate the validity of transurethral incision of prostate (TUIP) for the treatment of BPH. Methods TUIP was carried out for 83 patients with BPH and the therapeutic efficacy was studied. Results The operation time was 10~25 min. The patients have been followed up for a mean of 3.2 years. The maximum flow rate (MFR) has been elevated from 6.7±2.4ml/s to 13.6± 3.5 ml/s( P 0.05) ,IPSS and RU being dropped from 26.9±4.8 to 11.3±3.4( P 0.05) and from 98.5 ±45.3ml to 26.6±17.9ml ( P 0.05) respectively.The incidence of retrograde ejaculation after the operation was 7.7%(4/52). Conclusions TUIP for small volume BPH is as effective as transurethral vaporization of prostate. The procedure is especially good for prostate less than 35g and its advantages are lower incidence of retrograde ejeculation,impotance and contraction of bladder neck.TUIP is a simple, effective and safe procedure to treat BPH patients with a relatively small prostate causing marked obstructive symptoms.It is especially indicated in the relatively young patients or the high risk elderly.


We report here the first published case of inverted duplication of the distal long segment of chromosome 1 (46,XX,inv dup(1)(q44q32.3)) carried on 1q in a female infant. Antenatally the infant was diagnosed with moderate pulmonary stenosis. Postnatal phenotypic features included large fontanelles, wide sagital suture, broad forehead, triangular face with pointed chin, long philtrum, thin upper lip, short palpebral fissures, posteriorly rotated ears, bilateral single palmar creases, short halluces and deep-set toe nails. Subsequently, she developed hypotonia, marked developmental delay and ocular abnormalities. The features of this case and those reported previously provide further support for the distal 1q trisomy phenotype.


This chapter explores the unspoken roles of Toyota production system in the context of program/course delivery process. These rules are; how people work, how people connect, how the workflow is organized, how to improve and who does the improvements. These four unspoken rules of Toyota production system are strict guidelines from the shop floor to the top-level management. Toyota production system emphasizes learner's philosophy to improve the value-added activities by understanding the root cause of a given problem. Under these four rules, further, this chapter will look into the different tools that could be applied for the continuous improvement in course/program delivery process. This paper will define the lean principles and waste in the context of the delivery process.


The purpose of the National Conference poster competition is to stimulate research by medical students and family medicine residents, to provide a venue to share innovative and effective educational programs, to showcase unique community projects, and to encourage networking among medical students and residents with similar interests. This year's authors offer valuable information in the categories of clinical inquiry, community projects, educational programs, and research.


Abstract Emphasis is largely associated with the expression of emotional involvement in speech acts in general. In the fictional dialogue, the relevance of emphasis is multiplied due to several considerations. Firstly, the emphatic utterances impact the emotional content of the text and affect its style and reception. Secondly, it is the compromises and the careful linguistic and stylistic choices that authors have to make in order to effectively render the emphasis typical of speech in the written mode. Thirdly, if a work of literature is translated, the emphasis that the dialogue displays is to be equally forceful in its target language version. With these considerations in view, the study sets out to examine the possibility of obtaining a similarly emphatic content of an English source text in translational Romanian by means of lexical items. To this end, a relevant number of emphatic dialogic instances have been depicted for analysis from John Fowles's novel Mantissa and from its translation into Romanian. The objectives of this study are to identify the level of equivalence in the two versions of the novel and to shed a comparative light on the lexical means that lead to the realization of emphasis in English and Romanian.


A brief guide to help you use the Mendeley Reference Management System with links to supporting videos and guides Working with groups


are weakened, new states come into existence, and barriers are raised against the movements of people, of trade, and of capital. The other group of forces tends to draw together all parts of the world. Dependence is growing. In all phases of life the people of each region of the earth are increasingly dependent upon every other part. Improved means of transportation and communication have in effect lessened the size of our earth. For economic and other purposes it is a smaller globe. We who live on it are brought more closely into contact with one another, with the result that our problems are more numerous and more intricate.


The Pennsylvania Regeneration Study was initiated in 1989 because of concerns about a long history of stress on oak/hickory (Quercus/Carya) forests from herbivory and other factors. The study, which addresses the need for landscape-level information about regeneration quality and abundance, comprises a suite of regeneration indicator measurements installed on a subset of Forest Inventory and Analysis monitoring plots. The State's oak/hickory forests have been under increasing stress because aging stands that originate from large-scale disturbances from more than 100 years ago are inundated by herbivory of preferred plants and invasion of native and nonnative invasive plants. Maintaining oaks in young stands is difficult because of herbivory, invasive plants, climate change, lack of fire, and other factors. This paper summarizes the Pennsylvania Regeneration Study results, offering a look at likely challenges faced by managers and policy makers, as well as by inventory specialists who design forest inventories for stressed forests.


Leprosy is an ancient disease of mankind that has persisted for generations across various continents. The disease is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis with humans acting as the natural reservoir. The transmission of Leprosy is still poorly understood, however it is widely accepted that the inhalation of aerosol droplets from cases with high mycobacterial loads is the most common mechanism. Leprosy affects the skin and peripheral nerves and has been a focus of a worldwide eradication campaign by the World Health Organisation which has been largely successful. Treatment is with the use of a multi drug therapy with Dapsone, Rifampicin and Clofazamin for 6 to 12 months depending on the type of leprosy.


Inocula of rumen fluid from sheep were grown on a medium of low nitrogen content under an oxygen-free atmosphere containing N2. The cultures produced methane and carbon dioxide. Hydrogen gas was utilized and the partial pressure of N2 decreased by 24% in 48 h. Assuming this N2 to have been reduced to metabolically available nitrogenous compounds, these account for about 0.2% of the sheep's daily need.


Morphology of soils situated in the zone exposed to the impact of Karabashsky copper-smelting plant in the South Urals has been studied. The soils have been diagnosed according to the up-to-date substantial soil classification of Russia. It is shown that among the soils, most transformed as result of the chronic pollution impact, are the sandy loam soils. There have been observed technogenic surface formations on the waste lands exposed to pollution.


Background
MYC is a well-established cancer driver gene regulating the expression of numerous genes, indicating that polymorphisms in MYC response elements could affect tumorigenesis through altering MYC regulation. We performed integrative multistage study to evaluate the effects of variants in MYC response elements and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk.

Patients and methods
We systematically integrated ChIP-Seq, DNase-Seq and transcription factor motif data to screen variants with potential ability to affect the MYC binding affinity. Then, we conducted a two-stage case-control study, totally consisting of 4830 CRC cases and 4759 controls in Chinese population to identify risk polymorphisms and interactions. The effects of risk variants were confirmed by functional assays in CRC LoVo, SW480 and HCT15 cells.

Results
We identified a novel polymorphism rs11777210 in KBTBD11 significantly associated with CRC susceptibility (P = 2.43 × 10-12). Notably, we observed a significant interaction between rs11777210 and MYC nearby rs6983267 (P-multi = 0.003, P-add = 0.005), subjects carrying rs6983267 GG and rs11777210 CC genotypes showing higher susceptibility to CRC (2.83-fold) than those carrying rs6983267 TT and rs11777210 TT genotypes. We further demonstrated that rs6983267 T > G increased MYC expression, and MYC bound to and negatively regulated KBTBD11 expression when the rs11777210 C risk allele was present. KBTBD11 was downregulated in tumor tissues, and KBTBD11 knockdown promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis.

Conclusion
The rs11777210 is a potential predictive biomarker of CRC susceptibility, and KBTBD11 functions as a putative tumor suppressor in tumorigenesis. Our study highlighted the high CRC risk of people carrying rs6983267 G and rs11777210 C alleles, and provided possible biological mechanism of the interaction.


Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment modality which has great clinical implications, especially in head and neck oncology. Post‐operative swelling is a well‐documented consequence of PDT. It is paramount the airway remains patent for these patients. A tracheostomy remains the gold standard treatment modality for base of tongue tumours susceptible to post operative PDT inflammation, which can lead to a compromised airway. We have carried out a retrospective study to outline the airway management strategies employed for head and neck cancer patients treated with PDT and suggest recommendations for future management.


Raman microscopy is recognized as a powerful tool but not yet practical for live cell imaging because of long acquisition times. Using a slit-scanning Raman microscope, we demonstrate realistic applications in live cell imaging.


The election of Barack Obama as President of the United States in 2008, revocation of the results of the fraudulent elections in Moldavia in 2009.


In a context of increased primary school enrollment rates, secondary education is appearing as the next big challenge for Latin American and East Asian countries. This report seeks to undertake a detailed diagnostic of secondary education in these two regions, understand some of the main constraints to the expansion and improvement of secondary education, and suggest policy options to address these constraints, with focus on policies that improve the mobilization and use of resources.


We investigate the heat release of Li- and Mn-rich NCM (LMR-NCM) and NCA half-cells during cycling at different C-rates and quantify the individual contributions to the overall heat flow using a combination of isothermal micro-calorimetry and electrochemical methods. We focus in particular on the open-circuit voltage (OCV) hysteresis of the LMR-NCM material, which results in a significant reduction in energy round-trip efficiency (∼90% for LMR-NCM/Li cells vs. ∼99% for NCA/Li cells at C/10) and therefore in an additional source of heat that has to be considered for the thermal management of the cell. The total heat release of the LMR-NCM/Li cells is found to be nine times higher than that of the corresponding NCA/Li cells (at C/10). In the case of the LMR-NCM cathode, the heat due to OCV hysteresis is responsible for up to 55% of the total energy loss. Using the applied approach, the OCV hysteresis heat is separated into its share during charge and discharge and is furthermore presented as a function of SOC. Additional sources of heat, such as reversible entropic heat, parasitic effects, and measurement limitations are discussed in terms of their contribution to the overall energy balance of the two cell chemistries.


BACKGROUND
Previous studies have reported that polymicrobial peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with poor outcomes, but recent data from European cohorts are scarce.

METHODS
We included from the French Language Peritoneal Dialysis Registryall patients ≥ 18 years who started PD between January 2014 and November 2020. We compared microbiology and patient characteristics associated with mono- and polymicrobial peritonitis. We assessed patient outcomes after a first polymicrobial peritonitis using survival analysis with competing events. We differentiated microorganisms isolated from dialysis effluent as enteric or non-enteric pathogens.

RESULTS
8848 patients contributed 13 023 patient-years of follow-up and 3348 culture-positive peritonitis, including 251 polymicrobial ones. This corresponded to rates of 0.32 and 0.02 episodes/patient-year, respectively. For most patients (72%) who experienced polymicrobial peritonitis, this was their first peritonitis episode. Enteric pathogens were more frequently isolated in poly- than in monomicrobial peritonitis (57 vs 44%, P < 0.001). In both cases of peritonitis with or without enteric pathogens, the poly- versus monomicrobial character of the peritonitis was not associated with mortality in patients who did not switch to hemodialysis (adjusted cause-specific hazard ratio, a.cs-HR, 1.2 [95% CI, 0.3-5.0], P = 0.78 and 1.1 [0.7-1.8], P = 0.73, respectively). However, the risks of death and switch to hemodialysis were higher for monomicrobial peritonitis with enteric pathogens, compared to those without (a.cs-HR, 1.3 [1.1-1.7], P = 0.02 and 1.9 [1.5-2.4], P < 0.0001, respectively).

CONCLUSION
Isolation of enteric pathogens, rather than the polymicrobial character of the peritonitis, is associated with poorer outcomes.


Background: Most women are diagnosed in advanced stages of breast cancer initially find a lump in the breast but it is considered as an ordinary thing. Therefore, an effort to increase the knowledge level and attitude of young women in order to prevent the occurrence of advanced breast cancer is very necessary. Seeing the prevalence of the facts, it is then necessary to have an observation about the behavior of breast cancer early detection for young women. This is in the form of attitudes and knowledge that have an important impact to raise their awareness in improving personal health. Objective: To find out the application of health education on breast selfexamination for adolescent women by using AVA (Audio Visual Ads) method to increase their knowledge level about breast self-examination in independent midwifery clinic of Sri Rejeki Wahyuningsih at Karanggayam, Kebumen. Method: This scientific paper is an analytical descriptive with a case study. The writer describes the facts of the assessment obtained through interviews, direct observation, and documentation. The respondents were 5 young girls. Result: After having health education on breast self-examination using AVA (Audio Visual Ads) method, the knowledge level about breast self-examination of 4 participants were in good category. Only 1 participant was still in fairly category because she did not pay attention during the intervention. There was 10% -40% increase in knowledge level of all participants after using the AVA (Audio Visual Ads) method in the implementation of health education. Conclusion: The application of AVA (Audio Visual Ads) method in health education can increase the knowledge level of young women about breast selfexamination.


Delirium is an acute cerebral disorder syndrome with mean features of fluctuating course, attentional deficits, disorganization of thinking and consciousness change. The biggest difference between delirium and restless is cognitive function. Hypoactive delirium and mixed delirium are usually ignored for their inconspicuous clinic feature, while intensive care unit (ICU) delirium is paid more and more attention by clinicians. Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) IPAD guidance suggests that only recommended prevention of delirium is early mobilization, which the article will further discuss.

Key words:
Delirium/PC; Motor activity; Intensive care units; Review


In an optimal pricing system road users should bear the marginal social cost of their travel. The main problem is that it is not possible to identify the producers of these costs in advance to charge them a price for their travel. All trips are associated with certain risks of accidents. In addition, there are traffic law offenders whose risk taking behaviour generates social costs to all road users as well as to other members of society. The paper identifies the issues and analyses the possibility of internalising some of the costs through a pricing system. It also discusses the options for minimising the social costs which cannot be internalised by a pricing system due to the problem of non-identification before the actual occurrence of social costs. (a) For the covering record of the conference, please refer to IRRD abstract number 849497.


Abstract:  In general, a strain gauge embedded in a model is subjected to a stress normal to the grid, whereas a gauge on the external surface is free from such a stress. This paper concerns the effect of the stress normal to the grid on the output of the strain gauge; usually, the influence of such a stress has a negligible effect, however, in some cases a notable influence has been noted. Therefore, the output of the strain gauge is determined in function of the strains in the plane of the gauge, ɛl and ɛt, and of the stress, σn, normal to the grid. The analysis shows that the output of the strain gauge is influenced by the coupled effect of transverse sensitivity and pressure sensitivity of the strain gauge. In particular, the analysis shows that, for Constantan gauges compensated for steel, the influence of the transverse sensitivity is in general prevailing on that one due to the pressure sensitivity. The results reported in this paper explain the experimental data obtained by various researchers.


Aim: The goal of this work was to find out if the variation in breathing flow pattern alone (without change in tidal volume and respiratory rate) changes the end-tidal CO2 tension (EtCO2) enough to affect the health of a patient. The influence of I:E ratio on EtCO2 was also investigated. Method: Four breathing flow patterns belonging to different individuals diagnosed with COPD were collected from the literature. These were scaled to the same tidal volume, respiratory rate and I:E ratio, leaving shape as the only varying parameter. A programmable piston pump was used to reproduce the breathing flow patterns in an anatomically correct adult upper airway model (3D printed in acrylic, Visijet Ex200). CO2 was simultaneously bled into the pump chamber at steady rate to mimic metabolic CO2 production, followed by the measurement of EtCO2 with and without 30 L/min of nasal high flow therapy. Results: Breathing flow patterns varying in shape but not in tidal volume, respiratory rate and I:E ratio can produce statistically significant differences in EtCO2. The variability in EtCO2 was however found to be small (1 2%) and unlikely to be physiologically relevant. A 35% fall in I:E ratio corresponded to a 2% rise in EtCO2. 30 L/min of NHF reduced EtCO2 by approximately 20%. Conclusion: Shape alone can cause a statistically significant difference in EtCO2 however the difference in EtCO2 is small. A 35% reduction in I:E ratio results in a 2% rise in EtCO2. Correspondence to: Mark C. Jermy, Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, E-mail: mark. email@example.com


Three-dimensional X-ray crystal structure analyses have been carried out on the compounds [C14H19N2]+[(CF3·CO·CH·CO·CF3)3M]–(M = Mg or Cu). Both have Z= 4 in a monoclinic unit cell with space group P21/n and dimensions: (M = Mg)a= 12·775, b= 21·268, c= 13·594 A, β= 99° 10′; (M = Cu)a= 12·878, b= 21·00, c= 13·620 A, β= 98° 44′. A full-matrix refinement gave R values of 0·095 for 1998 observations (Mg) and 0·108 for 2478 observations (Cu).In the cation the proton lies in the plane of the naphthalene ring between the two nitrogen atoms which are slightly displaced on opposite sides of the ring, and are 2·60(1)(Mg) and 2·65(2)(Cu)A apart; the proton appears closer to one nitrogen in the magnesium and the other nitrogen in the copper complex. With a standard deviation of 0·15 A it is not possible to distinguish between a proton in a double potential well and a proton equidistant from the nitrogen atoms.In the anions all six chelate rings show delocalisation. The magnesium ion is octahedrally co-ordinated by oxygen atoms, mean Mg–O 2·06(2)A. For copper there appears to be a tetragonal distortion, four short bonds, mean Cu–O 2·01 (2)A, and two long ones at 2·16(3) and 2·20(3)A. The evidence for accepting the significance of this is discussed.


Dear Prof. Noah, The Sampedro et al. [1] publication addresses an important issue in Salmonella control. It is very relevant today, given the renewed efforts by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) to reduce Salmonella illnesses attributable to poultry (https://www.usda.gov/media/pressreleases/2021/10/19/usda-launches-new-effort-reduce-salmonella-illnesses-linked-poultry). However, we have found significant errors in the modelling methods that will affect the validity of the manuscript. We do not attempt to provide an exhaustive review of the manuscript, so we will focus only on two key issues that will significantly affect the authors' findings, as they relate to the implementation and integration of the dose-response models used to predict salmonellosis resulting from exposure to the pathogen:


Malicious node identification is always an interesting research issue in the field of network security. Various approaches like statistical, distance and density based techniques (trust measures, SVM Base approaches, classification mechanisms) introduced by the various researchers. In this paper we are proposing a novel cluster based approach for detecting the anomaly or outlier node while communicating to the destination node, by initially computing the clusters and followed by the positive and negative probabilities.


Cloud computing became one of the major research areas recently. The interest in cloud computing increases day by day because of the features provided by cloud providers. Pay-as-you-go is one of these features that attract customers to adopt this idea. Another feature is providing different levels of services to the customers; Software, Platform, and Infrastructure as a Service are the major services provided by clouds.


Starting from the complete anisotropic Eliashberg equations valid for a layered compound, we compute the temperature variation of the London penetration depth ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{L}}$(T) parallel and perpendicular to the planes. In our model we use a free-electron approximation in the planes with a hopping probability for interplane motion. The anisotropy in the pairing is expanded in Fermi-surface harmonics. It is found that anisotropy can strongly influence the temperature dependence of ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{L}}$(T) but that its effect is suppressed with increasing coupling strength.


Precession (SOMOCO Diffu-prep bSSFP) with prospective navigator-based free breathing Christopher Nguyen, Zhaoyang Fan, Behzad Sharif, Rohan Dharmakumar, James Min, Daniel Berman, and Debiao Li Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States Introduction: Cardiac diffusion MRI (CDMRI) has the potential to identify acute myocardial ischemia and assess the chronic change of myofiber orientation after a myocardial infarction [1, 2]. Cardiac motion and SNR limitations have been the primary challenges for the application of the technique in vivo. A few previous in vivo studies have demonstrated the feasibility of CDMRI in humans using diffusion-weighted (DW) EPI. However, these approaches suffer from inherently poor SNR efficiency in the case of STEAM DW encoding [3] or require the use of a reduced field-of-view (FOV) [4]. In addition, they employ a first order motion compensation (MOCO) to account for cardiac motion, while limiting diffusion encoding duration to less than 30 ms to avoid non-constant velocity motion. This severely hinders the ability to achieve an acceptable b-value for CDMRI with clinical hardware limitations. We propose a novel application of diffusion-prepared balanced steady-state free precession (Diffu-prep bSSFP) [5] to include second order MOCO (SOMOCO). This not only allows for sufficiently high b-values, but also takes advantage of the higher SNR efficiency and image quality of bSSFP while ensuring a large FOV. Materials and Methods: In vivo volunteer experiments were performed at 1.5T (MAGNETOM Avanto, Siemens) with SOMOCO Diffu-prep bSSFP (TR/TE=233.2/1.3 ms, FOV=256x256 mm2, 128x128 matrix, 8 mm short axis slice, δ1=9.9 ms, Gdiff=40-56.6 mT/m, TEprep = 60-90 ms, b=0, 200-323 s1mm-2, timing diagram shown in Fig. 1). Healthy volunteers (n=11) were imaged during the quiescent cardiac phase of diastole. Diffusion encoding was prescribed along readout and/or phase encoding direction(s) for all experiments and multi-shot readout was used to avoid blurring from cardiac motion. ADC maps were calculated offline assuming a monoexponential fit in Matlab. Manual segmentation of the left ventricle (LV) was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the ADC values for each volunteer. Results: The mean ADC values of the LV myocardium for the 11 volunteers were 2.21 ± 0.45 x 103 mm2s-1. Fig. 2 shows a typical b=0 s1mm-2 (Fig. 2a), b = 200 s1mm-2 (Fig. 2b), and accompanying ADC map (Fig. 2c). In the case of acquiring outside of the quiescent phase (mid systole, Fig. 2d), SOMOCO was able to yield appreciable signal (Fig. 2e) while uncompensated prep resulted in complete signal loss of the myocardium (Fig. 2f). Notice the full FOV and excellent image quality attributed to the bSSFP readout chosen for the diffusion preparation. Conclusion: We have shown the feasibility of using diffusion-prepared acquisitions to derive in-vivo ADC maps of human hearts by employing SOMOCO Diffu-prep bSSFP. ADC values acquired from the 11 volunteers are consistent with prior in vivo human cardiac diffusion studies [1,3,4]. The unique use of a multi-shot bSSFP readout could potentially yield 3D undistorted whole-heart DW images, which can better characterize myofiber architecture derived from current EPI based methods. [1] Wu, et al. Circ 114:10 (2006). [2] Hsu, et al. Am J Heart Physio 275:697 (1998). [3] Dou, et al. MRM 48:105 (2002). [4] Gamper, et al. MRM 57:331. (2007). [5] Jeong, et al. MRM 50:821 (2003).


Abstract The authors consider a fourth-order boundary value problem with a p-Laplacian appearing in both the equation and the boundary conditions. Upper and lower estimates for positive solutions to the problem are proved. Sufficient conditions for the existence and nonexistence of positive solutions to the problem are obtained and illustrated with an example.


The cycloaddition reaction between tetracyanoethylene and vinyl alcohol has been studied by means of the MNDO method with CI. Catalytic and solvent effects have been simulated. It has been found that in the gas phase the mechanism is non-concerted with a biradical intermediate. In protic solvents, the intermediate has zwitterionic character and leads to the formation of an acetal.


Transient stability analysis become the main focus in this paper because of the importance of generator protection scheme. One of many methods to obtain CCT is critical trajectory method which can be used to determine rotor angle trajectory through a simulation before the generator loss of synchronism. Moreover, this method has a faster calculation due to the number of variables are equal with number of equation. In order to improve transient stability, Super Capacitor Energy Storage (SCES) is installed in the system. This unit stores energy in energy kinetic form that will injected in the system. IEEE 3-machine 9-bus system is used to tested this proposed method. From simulation result, the installment SCES can give higher CCT which leads to more robust systems operation in average range time 0.016 second faster. It can be concluded that the propose method can improve transient stability by installing SCES in the system.


The relationships between telomeric heterochromatin on rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomes, the occurrence of aberrant endosperm nuclei early during endosperm development, and kernel characteristics as seen at maturity were investigated in hexaploid spring triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack). A positive relationship was established between the presence of telomeric heterochromatin on the short arms of rye chromosomes 4R/7R and 6R, and the production of aberrant endosperm nuclei. The removal of telomeric heterochromatin blocks from either 4R/7R or 6R significantly reduced the occurrence of nuclear instability in endosperm, and the effect of losing more than one block of telomeric heterochromatin was additive. A strong relationship was also noted between the absence of telomeric heterochromatin blocks on the short arms of rye chromosomes 4R/7R and 6R, and both higher thousand kernel weight and test weight at maturity. This relationship was also additive depending on whether one or two blocks of telomeric h...


In the population in general, breast cancers are today the most frequently mentioned malignant disease. Therefore, it is necessary to develop certain psycho-educational systems for the female population, with the purpose of preventing breast cancer. The original data have been analysed by multivariant methods of extraction of the major components i.e. trends of changes. In the field of latent existential anxiety it was thus possible to condense 11 most frequent associations – . An evaluation of the obtained results confirmed the importance of the preventive psycho-educational program "BREAST AWARENESS / CORPUS MYSTICUM" for the development of habits and concern for one's own body in the female population.


Abstract Due to their particularly good mechanical and self-healing properties combined with exceptionally efficient cation adsorbents and exchanger capacities, clay minerals and clay rock formations are considered as suitable geological barriers for radioactive waste disposal. The Middle Jurassic Opalinus Clay Formation has been identified as a potential host rock. Logging data were measured at the Benken borehole drilled through this formation in northern Switzerland. This paper presents a statistical methodology to improve the description of the physical properties of the clay rock based on the well-log data. The methodology involves the classification of a set of local statistics, calculated from a reduced number of principal components computed from well-log properties. The use of a kernel-based method to calculate local statistics allows an analysis of spatial variability to be carried out at different scales, and with different scale effects. The first-order layering was found to be robust and independent of kernel size (i.e. observation scale), while preserving small-scale heterogeneities that are useful for further interpretation. The log units can be more clearly interpreted in terms of stationary or transitional log units, depending on the behaviour of local statistics. Finally, the derived spatial variability of the log-units properties are compared with earlier lithological descriptions and stratigraphic data.


In the paper first the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation to human beings are pointed out. The sources of electromagnetic energy encountered in occupational and general public environment are revealed and the thermal and nonthermal influences of their electromagnetic fields are briefly discussed. A survey of exposure limits adopted in different national and international standards and recommendations is given. A beneficial application of pulsating magnetic fields of extremely low frequencies is presented at the end. Introduction Facing a vast amount of devices that radiate electromagnetic waves in our environment, we are often wondering whether they have harmful effects to our health. The public awareness over this issue has been increasing in recent decades, while for a long time there had been little concern shown in this area even in the professional community. The interest has grown along with the multitude of man made electromagnetic fields. The overflow of electromagnetic fields and radioand microwave beams that nowadays surround the earth can be clearly illustrated by the following analogy: "If the electromagnetic radiation would be visible, today an observer from space would see the earth shining while at the beginning of the century the globe would be completely dark." Quite often the allegation of electromagnetic pollution of the environment is encountered. It is therefore not surprising that the questions have arisen concerning the potential health hazard from inevitable radiation produced by a number of devices in occupational and general public use beginning with HF-generators, through HV lines and radar transmitters, as well as radio-receivers, TV-sets and domestic appliances.


By summarizing ancient peoples experiences in studying classical works, LIU Da-kui produced the studying method of "Comprehending Spirit from Reading Aloud", which focuses on reading aloud the classical literature works to comprehend the spirit of the ancient people. The method is an embodiment of "connotation theory" and has made some contribution to the development of the theory of Chinese ancient prose. On the basis of studying LIU Da-kui , Yao Nai developed and made systematic the theory of " Comprehending Spirit from Reading Aloud " , and raised " Literal " and "Connotative" methods in studying ancient prose, which closely combined the poem writing with grammar and made the theory more operational.


This paper represents the designing, building, and testing of a self-stabilizing platform mounted on a self-balancing robot. For the self-stabilizing platform, a servo motor is used and for the self-balancing robot, two dc motors are used with an encoder, inertial measurement unit, motor driver, an Arduino UNO microcontroller board. A PID controller is used to control the balancing of the system. The PID controller gains (Kp, Ki, and Kd) were evaluated experimentally. The value of the tilted angle from IMU was fed to the PID controller to control the actuated motors for balancing the system. For the self-stabilizing control part, whenever the robot tilted, it maintained the horizontal position by rotating that much in the opposite direction.


In this article we prove two main theorems. Let's have a resolution graph $\mathcal{T}$ and a corresponding normal surface singularity with resolution space $\tX$, furthermore let's fix a Chern class $l'$ and an effective cycle $Z$. Then our first main theorem states that the possible values of $h^1(Z, \calL)$, where $\calL \in \pic^{l'}(Z)$ form an interval of integers.
Similarly let's have a resolution graph $\mathcal{T}$ and let's fix a Chern class $l'$ and an effective cycle $Z$, such that if $l' = \sum_{v \in \calv} b_v E_v$, then $b_v <0$ for every vertex $v \in |Z|$. The second main theorem we prove states that the possible values of $h^1(\calO_Z(l'))$ form an interval of integers if we consider any possible surface singularity with resolution graph $\mathcal{T}$ and $\calO_Z(l')$ is the natural line bundle. As a corollary it yields that the possible values of the geometric genus $p_g(\tX)$ form an interval of integers.


The introduction in the 1880s of women in the junior classes of secondary schools for boys, and rising female claims after the establishment of corporative organizations in the early 20th century, raised masculinist and anti-feminist feelings among male teachers in secondary education. The men emphasized the gap in education, while most of them also refused to consider equal education. They expressed the same feelings in situations at the same educational level, which ran counter to the meritocratic principles they defended in other circumstances.


Abstract : Status of projects related to directional solidification of peritectics, segregration of nickel base supperalloys, and casting of NITINOL are summarized. A paper is included which describes work done and needed on modelling of casting processes. (Author)