Abstract 4148 Hematogones are B-lymphocyte precursors which reside in the marrow and undergo an orderly maturation sequence to give rise to mature B cells. (McKenna, Blood 2001) Recently, the percentage of hematogones detected in the bone marrow (BM) after induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been associated with improved leukemia-free survival and overall survival. (Chantepie, Blood 2011) Early after umbilical cord blood transplant (UCBT), patients show marked differences in BM hematogone percentages. Little is known about whether such differences are clinically relevant, which may explain why hematogones are not routinely reported in BM differential counts and are, instead, combined with other lymphocytes. We hypothesized that increased hematogones would be associated with superior transplant outcomes. Two independent reviewers assessed hematogone percentages in BM aspirates performed on day 21 and 100 post-UCBT (i.e. D21 & D100) from 88 patients with AML undergoing myeloablative UCBT at the University of Minnesota between 02/1999 and 07/2008. Patients with evidence of relapse at the time of the marrow analysis were excluded. Because of the morphological similarity between hematogones and leukemic lymphoblasts, only patients with AML were included in this analysis. The reviewers were blinded to clinical outcomes. Correlation coefficients for the morphologic assessment of hematogones at D21 and D100 were each >0.8, confirming good interobserver reproducibility (p Prospective outcome data for patients in the lowest marrow hematogone quartile (0% at D21 after UCBT and ≤0.9% at D100 after UCBT) were compared with those of patients in the upper three quartiles using a multivariate analysis (MVA) model. This model incorporated donor number (single vs. double), recipient age ( At D21 after UCBT, the percentage of marrow hematogones varied from 0 to 10.8% (N = 85). In MVA, a high percentage of hematogones at D21 was associated less aGVHD grade 3–4 (RR=0.3 [0.15–0.59], p=0.01). At D100 after UCBT the percentage of marrow hematogones varied from 0 to 29.8% (N = 69). In MVA, a high percentage of BM hematogones at D100 was associated with improved overall survival (p=0.02) and this was due to a lower treatment related mortality (p= This study shows that BM hematogone percentage may be a useful prognostic indicator in AML patients following UCBT. We propose that hematogones be routinely reported in BM differential counts. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Organized expression of genes within the genomes of microbes is a well-established concept under the name of operons. Similarly, the recent developments in the field of genetics and biochemistry has exposed operon-like genetic arrangements called Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in plants that has revolutionized the way we approach applied plant genetics for human use. Plant Gene clusters contain signature and tailoring genes. Signature genes are responsible for forming the backbone of the structure of the molecule. Tailoring genes are the group of genes that support these gene clusters to perform their functions. Recent genetics and chemical studies have shined light on an interesting aspect of plant metabolism, which is the accumulation of genes i.e. gene clusters involved in unique metabolic pathways in plants. Further utilizing the advanced genetic engineering tools provide opportunity to modify the plant genome at gene level for production of beneficial products for humans. In this review we have looked at the background, mechanism, discovery, significance, general methodology and techniques and current and future prospects of Biosynthetic gene clusters BGCs. Also, we shall be looking at some of the tools (examples like Blast and PlantiSmash) having applications in studying these gene clusters, their properties and their functions.


Melaleuca alternifolia contains terpineol-4, cineol, sesquiterpenes etc., and has a germicidal effect and skin moisturizing effect. It also has the characteristics of relieving acne inflammation, treating dandruff, relieving pain, and relieving depression. In this study, an antimicrobial substance extracted from tea tree using an organic solvent (methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate) and hydrothermal extraction method. And confirmed the antimicrobial activity of each extract. In order to verify the antimicrobial activity, nine pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) were used. The antimicrobial activity of each extracts were confirmed by the commonly used disc diffusion method. The results showed that the fraction extracts of ethyl acetate and methanol had antimicrobial effects against V. parahaemolyticus and S. aureus. Using these results, we confirmed the antimicrobial activity of each fraction extracts and hot water extracts against V. parahaemolyticus. After the treat of samples, we confirmed at over 99.9 % of antimicrobial activity. In case of antifungal activities, we confirmed of preservation effect during over 45 hours. Based on the results of this research, further studies will be conducted to confirm the possibility of development as a new antimicrobial agent.


In accordance with the first hand survey data of tourist decision-making behavior of foreign backpackers in Xian in September,2005,the paper makes a primary research on the effect of factors of environmental perception for tourist decision-making behavior of foreign backpackers to China from the angle of carving-up-space by behavior.The study reveals that at the present stage,their decision-making behavior is makinly affected by personal-related factors and the transmission of factors of the environmental perception of tourism destinations is affected by factors of environmental perception of tourism-generating countries.When a tourist fix on an international toum,the perception factors of tourism destinations are higher than those in tourism-generating countries.


A review of Marcie Frank's The Novel Stage: Narrative Form from the Restoration to Jane Austen by Kathleen E. Urda


AIM:To construct and prepare the recombinant adeno-associated virus(AAV) vector for expressing short hairpin RNA(shRNA) targeting VEGF165 mRNA.METHODS:By inserting the sequence that contained EGFP-U6-shRNA(targeting VEGF165 mRNA) into the EcoRI and SalI site of vector plasmid pSNAV2.0-lacz-α,we constructed the recombinant vector of plasmid pSNAV2.0-EGFP-U6-shRNA(VEGF165).The recombinant vector of plasmid,BHK cell lines and helper virus HSV1-RapCap/ΔUL2 were used for the package of the serotype 2 of recombinant adeno-associated virus(rAAV2) vector.The identity,viral purity,titer,EGFP activity of rAAV2 viral stock were analyzed by the methods of PCR,SDS-PAGE,dot-blot,and virus infection,respectively.RESULTS:The results of PCR and SDS-PAGE indicated that the shRNA fragment targeting VEGF165 was sucessfully packaged into rAAV2,and the viral purity of rAAV2 was above 98%.The titer of rAAV2 was approximately 3×1014 v.g.(vector genomes)/L,and the positive rate of rAAV2 infected cells was over 30%.CONCLUSION:The viral vector of rAAV2-EGFP-U6-shRNA(VEGF165)is successfully prepared.This viral vector will serve to interpret the role of VEGF in biological events after cerebral ischemic injury by specially inhibiting the expression of VEGF gene.


The seedlings of Lilium spp. can be rapid propagated on MS medium with BA 0.4 mg/L and NAA 0.5 mg/L or BA 0.2 mg/L, NAA0.5 mg/L and KT 0.1 mg/L by using the scale and stem apex of Lilium spp. as the explants for tissue culture. The problems of variety degeneration and virus-free may be solved by means of the tissue culture technique.


This paper compares education policies and outcomes during the periods of modernization in Turkey and South Korea. Though the modernization era in these countries occurred at different periods of time—in Turkey from 1923 to 1938 and in South Korea from 1963 to 1979—both were implemented under the centralized authoritarian leadership. Controversial leaders, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Turkey and Chung-hee Park in South Korea, each initiated that drastic reforms aimed at building a modern nation state, and new education policies acted as an important means for both to achieve their modernization objectives. However, despite a shared goal of modernizing society, the process and contents of education policy were strikingly different in Turkey and South Korea, and the outcomes also differed sharply. This paper argues that the religious context of Turkish society, and the conflict between secularism and Islam in particular, constitutes a major reason for slower progress in economic growth and development there compared to Korea.


The channel length dependence of the random telegraph signal (RTS) in a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The key result is that, for a given surface potential, the RTS amplitude is proportional to 1/L/sup 2/, where L is the channel length, provided the contribution of the mobility fluctuation is much smaller than that of the carrier number fluctuation. A special test structure, consisting of a series combination of MOSFET's, is used to experimentally determine this channel length dependence, and good agreement with our simple theory is obtained.<<ETX>>


The main purpose of this study is to identify teacher's perception towards staff development programme at 4 primary schools in Padawan District, Sarawak. The objectives of this study are to identify the teachers' perception i.e. suitability, planning, implementation, evaluation, support, and to study teachers' needs in development programme. 100 trained teachers have been chosen as samples of this study. This study used descriptive (Percentage and mean) and inferential methods (T test, One way Anova and Pearson Correlation) to analyze the data. Research findings showed levels of implementation of staff development is high
with mean suitability of the programme p=3.00 (male staff and p=38.41 female staff, whereby mean for implementation programme is p=.170, evaluation is p=.000, planning the programme is p=.000, support is p=.000, needs of the
programme is p=. 000 and impact of the programme is p=. 000. The finding shows there is significant in all criteria in all criteria tested. Based on the findings, it is suggested that school management especially headmaster to plan and implement staff development programme entirely. Besides, it is also suggested that
headmaster and senior assistants exposed to planning and implementation procedure of making the scheme of work of staff development programme. Also suggested, Padawan District Education Department and State Education
Department to hold more in service training to help the teachers to develop their knowledge.


The use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has grown enormously in the last decade. Energy efficiency is the most important issue in research of wireless sensor networks while the routing protocol plays an import role in achieving energy efficiency in WSN. Because of the limited energy storage capability of sensor nodes, Energy consumption is one of the most challenging factors of these networks and different strategies and protocols deals with this area. To support high scalability and better data aggregation, sensor nodes are often grouped into disjoint, non overlapping subsets called clusters. Today Cluster based routing protocol are well known approach for extending Wireless Sensor Networks. In this paper we introduce a new technique which is built upon some basic definitions such as mean and standard deviation. In other words the process cluster head selection, which is responsible on the energy consumption distribution, by using mean technique, is the main challenge. Simulation results and comparison with previous protocol ( LEACH ) prove that our new algorithm is able to extend the lifetime of the network.


The purpose of this research Is to reveal the infiuence of the environment to Maggie's behavior In Crane's "Maggie: A Giri of the Streets". In conducting this research, the writer uses qualitative research In which the data are in the form of words rather than numbers. In analyzing data, the writer uses objective and psychological approach. The data collected in this research from two sources, primary and secondary sources. Primary source is Crane's "Maggie: A Girl of the Streets" and secondary source are the other books and data from internet that related to this research. The result of the research shows that Maggie has a miserable life that caused by her bad environment. It caused by her family condition, her Job, her neighborhood, her love relationship with Pete, and all the problems that she has to face in everyday of her life. She has to survive by anything ways in order to get a better life. But the conditions make her depressed. At the end of the story, Maggie chooses a wrong decision. She kilis her self.


A layer stripping procedure for solving three‐dimensional Schrodinger equation inverse scattering problems is developed. This procedure operates by recursively reconstructing the Radon transform of the potential from the jump in the Radon transform of the scattered field at the wave front. This reconstructed potential is then used to propagate the wave front and scattered field differentially further into the support of the potential. The connections between this differential procedure and integral equation procedures are then illustrated by the derivations of two well known exact integral equation procedures using the Radon transform and a generalized Radon transform. These procedures, as well as the layer stripping procedure, are then reduced to the familiar Born approximation result for this problem by neglecting multiple scattering events. This illustrates the central role of the Radon transform in both exact and approximate inversion procedures.


Abstract: In this paper, we are concerned with mean hitting time 〈H〉 for random walks on recursive growth tree networks that are built based on an arbitrary tree as the seed via implementing various primitive graphic operations, and propose a series of combinatorial techniques that are called Mapping Transformation to exactly determine the associated 〈H〉−polynomial. Our formulas can be able to completely cover the previously published results in some wellstudied and specific cases where a single edge or a star is often chose to serve as seed for creating recursive growth models. The techniques proposed are more convenient than the commonly-used spectral methods mainly because of getting around the operations of matrix inversion and multiplication. Accordingly, our results can be extended for both many other stochastic models including BA-scale-free tree and random uniform tree as well as graphs of great interest consisting of line graph of tree and Vicsek fractal network to derive numerical solutions of related structural parameters. And then, the closed-form solutions of two extensions of Wiener index with respect to multiplicative and additive degrees on an arbitrary tree are conveniently obtained as well. In addition, we discuss some extremal problems of random walks on tree networks and outline the related research directions in the next step.


The last two chapters are especially important, as they represent a view of the current state of high art music in New England by a major scholar. They have an appealing, uncompromising, sometimes opinionated edge. Patrons, supporters, the politics of university music departments, composers, and conductors come under Tawa's scrutiny. As he presents it, the music establishment is its own worst enemy. Nicholas E. Tawa is professor emeritus at the University of Massachusetts, a major scholar in the field of American music and a leading musicologist who is helping bring a more inclusive, evenhanded, open look at American music. This book is arguably the best regional history ever written on high art music. It recognizes the many facets of high art music, sees its importance to the health of American society, and acknowledges the role institutions of higher education can play on its continued viability. It should be read by serious researchers in musicology and in the history of music education; it is an understandable book accessible also to nonspecialists. It is a cautionary tale, a contribution to understanding New England influence on high art music, and a commendable effort in defining regional music.


The present invention includes a first light source 110, second light source 210, to provide a lighting unit having a first wavelength conversion element 1100 and a second wavelength conversion element 2100, the lighting unit, the first light source, the 2 light sources, in addition has a first configuration or the second configuration the transport infrastructure 20 to place them by one or more transfer of the first wavelength conversion element and the second wavelength conversion element, have substantially the same color point, giving the lighting unit lights having different color rendering index. With such a lighting unit, it is possible to switch a high efficiency with low efficiency and low CRI with high CRI at a certain color temperature (or color point).


This study aims to analyze the growth of turnover from the three types of businesses in the fields of convection, food processing, and study, by comparing the application of the UMKM tax calculation based on PP No 46 of 2013 and PP No 23 of 2018. The sampling technique uses unproportioned stratified random sampling and is carried out in December 2018 until June 2019. Data analysis in this study uses descriptive qualitative analysis by socializing the UMKM tax calculation with the most recent simple calculation following government regulations, which is 0.5% of turnover which was previously 1% of turnover. The results showed in Bandung Regency, namely the type of convection business with the highest turnover of Rp. 3,000,000,000 and the lowest is Rp. 960,000,000; type of food processing business, the highest turnover is Rp. 600,000,000, and the lowest is Rp. 132,000. 000, -; and by the type of handicraft business with the highest turnover of Rp. 600,000,000 and the lowest Rp. 96,000,000 By using PP 46 of 2013 with a turnover rate of 1% per year, updated to PP 23 of 2018 at a rate of 0.5% per year, through this policy it has been generated that UMKM entrepreneurs will be lighter with payment of a 0.5% tax rate to be able to stimulate UMKM entrepreneurs to continue working and building new innovations in their industrial business. Related to this pandemic period for SMEs in Bandung regency still lacking understanding of UMKM tax incentives, from the Directorate General of Central and Regional Taxes to make publications and socialization efforts so that people follow this opportunity


To improve the adaptability of isolated microgrids (IMs) with uncertain renewable generation and load, an investigation of the sizing method for flexible resources (FRs) is of great significance. This paper proposes a sizing method considering the time division of the load response to determine the size of the FRs. According to probability density of the renewable generation and load response, a stochastic scenario set is generated. Power characteristic analysis and probability statistics methods are combined with the traditional fuzzy cluster method to divide the time of the load response. Then, a bilevel sizing model for FRs is established. The investment cost of the FRs is calculated in the upper level, and the operation cost and performance indicators are calculated in the lower level. A bilevel sizing algorithm for FRs that combines the pattern search (PS) algorithm and CPLEX is designed to obtain the optimal size and electricity price of different load response periods. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and improve the traditional time division method.


This chapter discusses the usage of Support Vector Machines (SVM) for business applications. It provides a brief historical background on inductive learning and pattern recognition, and then an intuitive motivation for SVM methods. The method is compared to other approaches, and the tools and background theory required to successfully apply SVMs to business applications are introduced. The authors hope that the chapter will help practitioners to understand when the SVM should be the method of choice, as well as how to achieve good results in minimal time.


In this paper, an immersed boundary algorithm is developed by combining the ghost cell method with adaptive tree Cartesian grid method. Furthermore, the proposed method is successfully used to evaluate various inviscid compressible flow with immersed boundary. The extension to three dimensional cases is also achieved. Numerical examples demonstrate the proposed method is effective. AMS subject classifications: 65M06, 65M50, 76J20


This invention relates to a tire suitable in a passenger car, particularly a tire being high in the resistance to hydroplaning on a wet road surface and low in the tire noise and having an asymmetric tread pattern. In such a tread pattern that at least two circumferential grooves extending along an equatorial plane of the tire are formed in a region of a tread surface at an axially inner side with respect to the equatorial plane in the mounting on the vehicle and at least one circumferential groove is formed in a region at an axially outer side thereof, a circumferential groove nearest to the equatorial plane of the tire among the circumferential grooves arranged in the axially inner side region has a width wider by 20% or more than an average groove width of the tire and a circumferential groove arranged toward a side of a tread end at the axially inner side region has a width corresponding to 90-110% of the average groove width, and the circumferential groove nearest to the equatorial plane of the tire at the axially outer side region has a width narrower by 10% or more than the average groove width, whereby the resistance to hydroplaning and the controllability of tire noise, which have a conflicting relation in the prior art, are established in a higher level.


Indonesia is a tropical country which cause so many types of herbs and spices can grow, such as Fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) and orange jessamine (Murraya paniculata). These two herbs are widely used in traditional medicines by Indonesian local inhabitants. Based on the literature studies that have been carried out on several scientific journals, it can be concluded that fingerroot plants possess functional properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-carcinogenic, anti-aging, anti-obesity, and inhibition of melanogenesis and tyrosinase activities, while orange jessamine leaves have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-nociceptive, and anti-diarrheal activities.


Abstract In this paper, the free energy based Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) which has been recently extended by the authors for modeling and simulation of Electrowetting (EW) phenomenon is applied to another application of EW, i.e., droplets merging. The results were compared with experimental data and the results show good accuracy of the numerical simulation. Also, the stability of a droplet in a finite system was studied analytically and numerically (by LBM) and it was shown that the droplet stability is a function of system size and droplet contact angle. The simulation results were in good agreement with analytical solution and it has been concluded that in the finite systems an unstable droplet can be stabilized by applying a voltage (i.e., using EW). Based on this observation, a new method for droplets merging in finite systems has been proposed.


Abstract: The real estate industry is seeing an increase in the use of data mining. The capacity of data mining to extricate helpful data from crude information makes it especially helpful for anticipating home estimations, essential housing characteristics, and a great many different elements. Homeowners and the real estate industry frequently feel anxious about price swings, according to research. The most useful models and important criteria for predicting home values are examined in a literature review. The adoption of Random Forest and XGBoost as the most effective models in comparison to others was confirmed by this study's findings. Additionally, our data suggest that locational and structural characteristics are significant forecasting variables for housing values. In order to identify the most effective machine learning model for conducting a study in this field and the most significant factors that influence home prices, this study will be very helpful, particularly to housing developers and academics.


The title compound, C(22)H(22)O(4), is the product of the Diels-Alder reaction of anthracene with fumaric acid diethyl ester. The molecular C(2) symmetry is nearly fulfilled in the crystal. Only the terminal torsion angles about the O-CH(2) groups show significant differences.


Gossamer inflatable structures have been identified as a technology that can provide enhancements in the performance characteristics of many space deployable systems such as large antennas, solar arrays, and sunshields. These structures provide significant packed volume and mass advantages over conventional structures in many cases because of their flexibility during packing and use of high strength and stiffness materials. These advantages are possible through the use of rigidizable composite materials that enable the inflatable structure to become rigid post inflation, therefore eliminating the reliance on inflation gas to provide structural support. Several classifications of rigidizable materials have been identified over the last several decades that provide a wide range of performance characteristics. Among these are thin metal foil and polymer film laminates, thermosetting and thermoplastic composite laminates. Each of these classifications of materials have sub-groups of materials that become rigid from exposure to a specific influence such as heat, cold, radiation, etc. These rigidizable materials, being composite in nature, are compiled of various matrix materials (the materials responsible for the rigidization), reinforcements, and supporting polymer film layers. Variations in combinations of these materials provide a wide range of performance characteristics to optimize the design of large Gossamer structures. This paper will examine system requirements for rigidizable materials, performance characteristics of several materials, and provide examples in use.


Abstract : This study was designed to determine the merit of computer-assisted food labeling education for adults with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The study included both the development and evaluation of a tutorial computer lesson designed to provide education on the Nutrition Facts food label. The independent variables in this study included gender, age, education, duration of diabetes, computer experience, and characteristics related to food shopping and selection. The dependent variable was knowledge as measured by changes from pretest to posttest. Subjects were recruited from five U.S. Air Force outpatient medical clinics. Fifty one participants completed the study. Each participant was given a written questionnaire designed to collect information about them, their computer experience and characteristics related to food shopping and selection. They also completed a food label knowledge pretest. Once finished with the written portion, each participant completed the 'Nutrition Facts' computer lesson, and finally completed a knowledge posttest. Fifty seven percent of the subjects were male. Ages ranged from 25 to 76 with a mean age of 55.5 and a SD of 10.7 years. Forty three percent had a high school education with another 51% having completed further education after high school. Duration of diabetes ranged from one month to 25 years, with a mean duration of 4.5 and a SD of 6.3 years. Approximately half of the participants could be classified as computer users, with 47% using a computer daily or weekly, and 53% rating


In combination with the recognition of wide and narrow azimuth 3D observation systems both from the home and abroad, a design software is used to analyze different 3D observation systems. The design and implementation of a 3D seismic exploration and observation system used in Fanjiatai Area in Jiangling Depression is emphatically introduced. The geologic effects of old and new profiles are contrasted.


Abstract Phytase is the most widely used feed enzyme in the world. This enzyme inactivates under pelleting conditions such as temperatures above 80 °C. The present study reported covalent attachment of phytase onto functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (F-MWNT). The optimum enzyme loading and immobilization efficiency were 110 µg/mg of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 62%, respectively. Characterization, structural changes and immobilization of phytase were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), circular dichroism (CD), zeta potential measurement and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Immobilized phytase exhibited improved stability towards temperature than the free phytase. The free phytase retain 3% and 27% of relative activity at 90 and 80 °C, respectively after 2 min of incubations. While immobilized phytase retained about 33% and 51% at the same condition. Also the results showed that the presence of small quantities of NaCl (<1 M) in the reaction media increased enzyme activity of immobilized phytase up to 78% but free phytase activity was not significantly changed until 1 M NaCl which increased by 30%. Higher concentrations of 1 M NaCl drastically reduced both free and immobilized phytase activities. Graphical Abstract


This paper reports on an investigation of children's (aged 3;5–9;8) comprehension of sentences containing ambiguity of prepositional phrase (PP) attachment. Results from a picture selection study (N=90) showed that children use verb semantics and preposition type to resolve the ambiguity, with older children also showing sensitivity to the definiteness of the object NP as a cue to interpretation. Study 2 investigated threeand five-year-old children's (N=47) ability to override an instrumental interpretation of ambiguous PPs in order to process attributes of the referential scene. The results showed that while five-year-olds are capable of incorporating aspects of the referential scene into their interpretations, three-year-olds are not as successful. Overall, the results suggest that children are attuned very early to the lexico-semantic co-occurrences that have been shown to aid ambiguity resolution in adults, but that more diffuse cues to interpretation are used only later in development. [*] This research was supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award to the first author while a PhD student at La Trobe University, and a postdoctoral fellowship to the first author from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig. We would like to thank Rosy Colville for help in testing for Study 2 and Keith Brown for doing the drawings for Study 1. Thanks also to Jesse Snedeker for helpful comments on the thesis on which some of this paper is based. Address for correspondence : Evan Kidd, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. tel : +44 161 275 2594; fax : +44 161 275 8587; e-mail : evan.j.kidd@ manchester.ac.uk J. Child Lang. 32 (2005), 855–876. f 2005 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S0305000905007051 Printed in the United Kingdom


Two methods of measuring UV radiant flux are introduced.The Keitz formula is used to calculate the 254 nm radiant flux of low pressure mercury lamp (LPM).The difference between linear lamp approximation, cylinder lamp approximation and Keitz formulas is discussed.The results show that the Keitz method and gonioradiometry result in the error less than 1 % for the distance between UV sensor and LPM 2.5-4 times of the lamp length.The radiant efficiency of 254 nm line is about 40% for LPM with outer diameter 16 mm,length 0.8 m, and power 120 W.


—Eriocnemis dyselius Elliot, 1872 is hypothesized to be a mehinistte specimen of Eriocnemis cupreoventris (Fraser. 1840). a put'Heg hummingbird restricted to the Andes Mountains of Colombia and Venezuela. Among the families of birds, the systematic of the Trochilidae are the most confused, in absolute numbers, by hybrids, genetic variants, and the problems associated with tax a described from unique specimens (e.g.. Berlioz & Jouanin 1944: Banks & Johnson 1961; Greenway 1978; Bleiweiss 1988; Graves I WO. 1993. 1996, 1997a. 1997b; Hinkelmann el al. 1991). One such questionable tax on is Eriocnemis dyselius BUiot. 1872 a puffleg hummingbird of indeterminate origin. Salvin (1892:369) suggested thai the hlack-plumaged specimen was "perhaps a melanism of E. cupreiventris." an inhabitant of forest borders and shrubby slopes (1950-3000 m) of the Venezuelan Andes and the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes (Hilty & Brown 1986. Fjeldsa & Krabbe 1990). Salvin did not elaborate on this proposal. Subsequent authors (Cory 1918, Berlioz & Jouanin 1944. Peters 1945. Greenway 1978. Fjeldsa & Krabbe 1990) agreed with Salvin but likewise provided no further support for this hypothesis. Consequently, the taxonomy of E. dyselius is still uncertain. Here 1 present evidence that supports Salvin's (1892) conjecture that the holotypc of E. dyselius is a melanistic specimen of Eriocnemis cupreoventris (Fraser, 1840). Materials and Methods The unsexed holotypc of Eriocnemis dyselius (Fig. 1), a partially relaxed taxidermy mount with glass eyes, is adult as judged by the lack of striations on the maxillary ramphothecum (see Ortiz-Crespo 1972). Previously housed in both the Bourcier and Elliot collections (see Greenway 1978), the specimen is now catalogued in the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH 38452). I studied the specimen taking the approach outlined in Graves (1990) and Graves & Zusi (1990). In determining the scope of the species pool to be investigated, Elliot's (1872: 294) description offers little guidance: "Four specimens, precisely alike, were, as I was informed, contained in the small collection of birds from which my example was taken: and. although no locality was given, it is supposed that Ecuador is the habitat of the species." The existence of four similar specimens of unknown origin should not be interpreted as evidence of a differentiated population. Millinery dealers in the 19th century sorted and high-graded shipments of hummingbird skins for unusual specimens to otter to collectors of natural history specimens. Although the circumstances of Elliot's acquisition of E. dyselius are unknown, the four black-plumaged specimens could have been gleaned from commercial lots consisting of tens ol thousands of specimens (Doughty 1975). For the purpose of analysis, the holotype of E. dyselius may have originated anywhere in northwestern South America (see Berlioz & VOLUME111. NUMBI-R 2 421 Fig I. Hototype of Eriocnemis dyssiitu Ulliot. 1872 (AMNH ,1X452). Jouanin 1944). a region inhabited by more than 150 species of hummingbirds (Hilty & Brown 1986, Graves 1990). I considered Salvin's hypothesis as the most likely, a priori. The possibility of hybridization was judged to be negligible because the plumage ol" E. dyselius is substantially darker and less reflective than that of any potential parental species in northwestern South America (i.e., Coettgeaa prunellei, Eriocnemis nigrivestis, Heliangelus zusii, H. regalis). The downy tibia) puffs and body proportions of E. dyselius clearly mark it as a member of Eriocnemis. I took standard measurements (rounded to the nearest 0.1 mm) of adult male and female specimens of Eriocnemis cupreoventris. E. nigrivestis, and E. vestiius (the three species most similar in size and shape to the holotype of E. dyselius) with digital calipers: wing chord; lengths of rectrices (from point of insertion of central rectrices); and bill length (from anterior extension of feathers) (Table 1). Color comparisons were made under natural light; the plumage was examined under 10x magnification (Appendix). I used principal components analysis 422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Table I,—Ranges and means (± standard deviation) of measurements (nun) of Eriocntmis cuprepvtntris, E. irififn.v. and the type specimen oi Briocngmii dy$*Bia Elliot, l%7J-


In the past, Faraday based optical polarimetry approaches have shown considerable potential for the measurement of optical activity with application towards the noninvasive measurement of physiological glucose concentration. To date, most reported closed-loop systems incorporate separate Faraday components for modulation and compensation requiring two optical crystals. These systems have demonstrated significant stability and sub-millidegree rotational sensitivities; however, the main drawbacks to this approach are the optical materials (e.g., terbium gallium garnet) can be quite expensive and often custom fabricated induction coils are required. In this investigation, we propose a new design for the Faraday components capable of achieving both modulation and compensation in a single crystal device. The design is more compact and is capable of achieving similar performance with low cost commercially available inductive components. To facilitate prototype optimization, our group has developed a finite element model (FEM) that can simulate various physical parameters such as geometry, inductance, and orientation with respect to the optical rod in order to minimize power consumption and size while maintaining appropriate field strength. Performance is comparable to existing nonintegrated approaches and is capable of achieving modulation depths < 1° under similar operating conditions while attaining sub-millidegree linear polarization sensitivity. There is also excellent correlation between the FEM and experimental prototype with operational performance shown to be within 1.8%. The use of FEM simulations allows for the analysis of a vast range of parameters before prototypes are fabricated and can facilitate custom designs as related to development time, anticipated performance, and cost reduction.


Preliminary data are reported on time-resolved measurements of photosensitized phosphorescence of singlet molecular oxygen (λ = 1270 nm) excited by pulses of a copper-vapor laser in aqueous buffer solutions (pH 7.4) containing water-soluble porphyrins and bovine blood plasma. Reliable phosphorescence kinetic curves were detected after 100-500 s signal accumulation that corresponded to (1-6) x 106 laser shots. With no plasma and no oxygen purging the phosphorescence kinetics comprised the rise and decay phases with a maximum at 2.5 μs after a laser shot. Addition of 1% bovine blood plasma (vol/vol) caused ten-fold decrease of the phosphorescence intensity. With higher plasma concentration the phosphorescence was not detected. When oxygen bubbled through the plasma-containing solutions during laser irradiation and the solution flowed at a rate of 1.5 ml/s through the spectrophotometric cell, the phosphorescence intensity increased and was observed at plasma concentration up to 20%. The phosphorescence intensity of a 20% plasma solution was about eight fold less than that of a porphyrin solution containing no plasma. With 20% plasma the phosphorescence rise-time was in a range of 1-1.5 μs, the phosphorescence decay-time was 7--8 μs. Further experiments are in progress in order to optimize our experimental set-up for measurements in whole blood serum and plasma.


Music classification is a useful technique that enables automation of labeling musical data for searching and browsing. One method for music classification is to label the sequence based on the labels of individual frames. This paper investigates the performance of using confidence measures to select only the most "useful" frames to make the decision of the whole sequence. Confidence measures for Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Predictive Automatic Relevance Determination by Expectationpropagation (Pred-ARD-EP) are particularly examined. Experimental result shows that selecting frames based on confidence significantly outperform selecting frames randomly and the confidence measures do, to some extent, capture the "usefulness" of musical parts for classification.


Size fractionated particulate matter (PM) was collected in summer and winter from Beijing, China for characterization of an expanded list of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and evaluation of air pollution metrics. Summertime ΣPAHs on PM was 14.6 ± 29 (PM1.5), 0.88 ± 0.49 (PM1.5-7.2 ) and 0.29 ± 0.076 (PM7.2) ng/m 3 air while wintertime concentrations were 493 ± 206 (PM1.5), 26.7 ± 14 (PM1.5-7.2 ) and 5.3 ± 2.5 (PM7.2) ng/m 3 air. Greater than 90% of the carcinogenic PAHs were concentrated on PM1.5. Dibenzopyrene isomers made up a significant portion (~30%) of the total carcinogenic PAH load during the winter. To our knowledge, this is the first report of dibenzopyrenes in the Beijing atmosphere and among the few studies that report these highly potent PAHs in ambient particulate matter. The World Health Organization and Chinese daily PM10 standard was exceeded on each day of the study, however PAH limits were only exceeded during the winter. Lifetime risk calculations indicate that 1 out of 10,000 to over 6 out of 100 Beijing residents may have an increased risk of lung cancer due to PAH concentration. Over half of the lifetime risk can be attributed to Σdibenzopyrenes. The outcomes of the risk equation were highly dependent on the individual PAHs measured and seasonal variation.


Malaria is one of the health problem in Indonesia caused by the
infection of red blood cell due to parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The
problem of antimalarial drug resistance encourages the discovery of new
antimalarial drugs, mainly derived from plants. This study is carried out to
investigate the antimalarial activity in vitro of two plants, the hexane,
dicloromethane, and methanol extract of leaves and stembarks of Melicope
glabra Blume. and Luvunga scandens (Roxb.)Wight. (Rutaceae), which
obtained from the exploration in Botanical Garden of Balikpapan, East
Borneo. Phytochemical screening from the extract is performed to
determine the presence of the phytochemical constituent such as alkaloids,
terpenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and anthraquinone. This study used the
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method with histidine-rich
protein II (HRP II) measurement and microscopic method with giemsa for
screening the in vitro antimalarial activity. Based on the clustering
percentage of inhibition, There are nine active extracts on ELISA and
microscopic method that are dichloromethane and methanol extract from
Melicope glabra leaf, n-hexane and dichloromethane extract from Melicope
glabra stembark, n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extract from
Luvunga scandens leaf, n-hexane and dichloromethane extract from
Luvunga Scandens stembark. There are two active extracts on microscopic
method but not active on ELISA method that are n-hexane extract from
Melicope glabra leaf and methanol extract from Melicope glabra stembark.
Also there is one inactive extract on both methods that is methanol extract
from Luvunga scandens stembark. Based on the results of phytochemical
screening, extract which has the highest activity on ELISA and microscopic
method that is n-hexane extract from Luvunga Scandens stembark contains
compound of terpenoids.


We aim to review the kinesiotherapeutic programs that have been used in therapies for patients with an eating disorder, focusing on the programs that are based on body-oriented therapies, body movements and sports. To this end we have collected and analysed the results of all the programs that have been documented and tested on clinical populations, and that were published in or before 2008. For our methodological framework we used the Systematic Review method.


Informed agreement to participate in research is a critical element of ethical practice. When researching with children, opportunities to provide informed agreement are often afforded to adult gatekeepers, yet not necessarily extended to the children involved. This paper reports an approach to engaging with children in research, emphasising strategies to facilitate their informed, and ongoing, assent. As part of a research project seeking children's perspectives of their local community, researchers developed assent and information forms for children and young people. The aim of these forms was to promote discussion of children's research rights, including the right to choose whether or not they engaged in the research. Within the broader research project, 130 children aged 4–12 years provided feedback about the forms and discussed how the forms influenced their participation in the research project.


Several models that estimate the probability of successful vaginal birth after Cesarean section (VBAC) have been published and many achieve reasonable predictive performance in terms of discrimination and calibration1. Naji et al.2 presented an innovative and interesting prediction model by introducing novel predictors derived from sonographic measurement of the Cesarean scar. This model was developed within a cohort of just 131 women with one previous Cesarean section. The final model consists of four variables: maternal age, prior VBAC, residual myometrial thickness (RMT) and change in RMT from the first to the second trimester. It is notable that the presented model has extraordinary results regarding discriminative performance, with an area under the receiver–operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.94, close to the theoretical maximum of 1. These positive results can be attributed to the introduction of the Cesarean scar variables, since their addition leads to a remarkable improvement in the AUC from 0.62 to 0.94. However, the introduction of Cesarean scar variables deserves further attention. The association of these variables with the probability of successful trial of VBAC was reported by Naji et al. in an earlier study using the same data3. There is no plausible mechanism that explains why these variables have such an impact on the probability of success. Furthermore, rather than choosing predictors based on observed significant relations to outcome variables in the same dataset, contemporary methodological guidelines for prediction research state that predictors should be chosen based on preselection4, a method that results in higher external validity and less overfitting. Therefore, we would like to emphasize the importance of external validation of these predictors in other data. Additionally, the need for external validation is shown when looking into studies on interand intraobserver validity of the RMT measurements. These studies use cut-off values of 2.4–3.5 mm for evaluating reproducibility and state that overall interobserver differences are ≤ 1 mm for 77.5–88% of observers5,6. However, in the model RMT is entered in millimeters while predicted probability increases per millimeter with a coefficient (beta) of 1.44. Therefore, a variability of 1 mm between measurements compromises the model's performance. To be more explicit, the 32-year-old patient without a previous VBAC, with an RMT of 2.7 mm and an RMT decrease of 1.5 mm, has a predicted probability of successful trial of VBAC of 36%; however, if 3.7 mm instead of 2.7 mm had been measured for the RMT, the predicted probability would have increased to 71%.


As a result of discussions which one of us (B.H.J.McK.) has had with B. Desplanques and H. J. Pimer, we have discovered an error in sign in some of our results: all numerical values of As, At, C, Py and Q( are of the wrong sign: This error is due, in part, to a misunderstanding of Danilov's (1965) paper, in which his relative momenta are defined as


The study aims to establish a method for simultaneous determination of 16 pesticide residues which are Aldicarb-sulfoxide, Aldicarb-sulfone, oxamyl, Methomyl, Hydroxycarbofuran, toxic metabolite,Aldicarb, Tsumacide, Propoxu, Carbofuran, Carbary, XMC, Isoprocarb, Fenobcarb, Methiocarb,Thiodicarb, Promecarb in cabbage by ultra fast high performance liquid chromatograph column derivative fluorescence detector. Meanwhile, the study also aims to the comparison of the composition of mobile phase, wavelength selection, gradient elution at different levels. Samples were ectracted by acetonitrile and purified by SPE-NH2-dispersive solid phase extraction. The colleted solution was analyzed by UFLC-FLD with post-column derivation and quantified by external standard method. The wavelengths were set at 339 nm and 445 nm. The result indicates that the calibration curves of 16 pesticides showed good linear relationship in the concentration of 0.025~1.0 mg/ L with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The detection limits ranged from 0.002 ~0.010 mg/L. The recoveries ranged from 73.0% ~103.0% with the relative standard deviation(RSD) range of 1.5% ~8.8%. The method is characterized as wide range of detection, rapid, sensitive, accurate, repeatable and ease of deployment.


Experimental methods to determine minimum sintering temperatures of a variety of granules such as polymers, glass, coal, inorganic salts, etc. are presented. These methods include the use of a dilatometer in which the contraction-dilation characteristics of a small sample is measured, a differential scanning calorimeter test and an Instron machine by which yield strengths are measured. It is clearly shown that for the majority of materials studied, the different methods give similar values for the minimum sintering temperature but that the dilatometer experiment is the simplest as well as the most reliable method. Since the minimum sintering temperature is always less than the solid's melting point, an efficient method of measuring this temperature is very important for all fluidizable granules subjected to high temperatures. The danger of agglomeration during fluidization increases tremendously at temperatures higher than minimum sintering and therefore special precautions must be taken to avoid defluidization under these conditions.


In 1994 a Canadian Immigration and Refugee Board panel granted asylum to a mother and daughter who fled Somalia to protect the 10-year-old girl from female genital mutilation. The mother recounted the horror of her own mutilation at age 10 and asserted that she would have offered her daughter for adoption in Canada if her petition had been denied. In 1993 in France a migrant from Mali accused of mutilating her 3-month-old daughter became the first person to face criminal charges related to female genital mutilation. The chair of the Canadian panel noted that Canadian officials do not expect this ruling to lead to a flood of petitions for refugee status because women lack the mobility enjoyed by men. France was the first country to establish that female genital mutilation is a form of persecution carrying sufficient grounds for refugee status but no one has received refugee status for this reason in France. In March of 1993 Canada adopted guidelines to make it easier for women to claim refugee status but new claims declined to 22000 in 1993 from 30000 in 1992. Also in 1994 a US judge ruled that an illegal Nigerian immigrant would not have to return to Nigeria because her two young daughters would likely face mutilation if deported. This ruling merely annulled an expulsion order rather than granting asylum.


Use of topical drops after cataract surgery may be associated with a number of drawbacks. Alternative strategies for intraoperative drug delivery can be highly effective and more economical, as well as offer better safety, convenience, and efficacy.


ABSTRACT This work valorizes bio-hardeners from the Far North region of Cameroon, such as the exudates of Senegalia senegal, Vachellia seyal, Acacia siebteriana, and Vachellia nilotica. They were used to manufacture particleboard based on Maritime pine tannin resin, marketed to find a palliative solution to the environmental problems posed using synthetic hardeners such as paraformaldehyde. The rigidity values of the tannin resin vary from 4337 MPa at 154°C for the lowest to 5341 MPa for the highest at pH =  3.5. The behavior of the manufactured 13 mm thick particleboards of medium density was determined by calculating the variation of the bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bond (IB) as a function of densities. The values of MOE vary between 1960.20 MPa and 3067.93 MPa and those of MOR between 13.17 MPa and 20.39 MPa. The maximum values of IB and Brinell hardness (HB) are 0.60 MPa and 3.78 daN/mm2 respectively. These physical and mechanical properties increased with increasing densities. The particleboards made with these bio-hardeners had better properties than those made with paraformaldehyde as hardener. The particleboard made with Vachellia nilotica exudate had the best physical and mechanical properties.


Significance: Various substituted chalcones underwent ytterbium-catalyzed epoxidation reactions in good yields and high enantioselectivities in the presence of a combination of the ytterbium amide [(TMS)2N]3Yb(μ-Cl)Li(THF)3 with the prolinol-derived ligand L as catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. For a previous report, see: Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 4516. Comment: A 1:1.5 molar ratio of the Yb amide to ligand L was necessary to achieve maximum enantioselectivity in this reaction. Although the exact structure of the catalyst remains unclear, a preliminary mechanistic study indicated that lithium chloride has a beneficial effect. The heterobimetallic Yb–Li system might provide a synergistic effect. [(TMS)2N]3Yb(μ-Cl)Li(THF)3 (4 mol%) L (6 mol%) t-BuOOH (1.2 equiv) THF, r.t., 4 h


Road networks may be still considered, as a whole, one of the more expensive assets for each Country to develop and maintain; nevertheless, there is usually not enough attention to the management and optimization of the expenditures related to it. The reason for this comes from multiple factors, including the higher attention to the development of the road networks (opposed to rational management and maintenance) and to the overall complexity of the technical and economic evaluation. In the past 40 years, several attempts to rationalize the management of such complex systems (asset management) has been started, but only in the last 20 years, with the widespread availability of cheap and powerful computing tools allowed to efficiently manage the problem.


The authors studied the antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory effects of the known antiarrhythmic agents and the new Soviet coronaroactive drug phenicaberan exhibiting an antiarrhythmic action. All the drugs were examined for side effects and the action on the central and intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Recommendations have been given as to the choice of effective drugs for the prophylaxis of arrhythmias depending on the pattern of heart rhythm abnormality and the hemodynamics.


The intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and its human host have long co‐evolved. Although the host cellular immune response is critical to the control of the bacterium information on the specific contribution of different immune cell subsets in humans is incomplete. Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a prevalent and unique T‐cell population in humans with the capacity to detect intracellular infection with bacteria including Mtb. MAIT cells detect bacterially derived metabolites presented by the evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility complex‐like molecule MR1. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of this T‐cell subset and address the potential roles for MR1‐restricted T cells in the control, diagnosis, and therapy of tuberculosis.


The relationship between global citizenship and education quality was established almost a decade ago, when it was described as a target under United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4.7 – to 'ensure all learners acquire knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development.' Despite efforts to define and frame global citizenship education (GCED), systems continue to grapple with understanding, enacting, and measuring it in ways that reflect changing local and global conditions for students, teachers and schools. This study responds to an identified need for tools and resources for systems to enact, monitor and evaluate GCED, particularly in primary school in the Asia-Pacific region. Presented here is a draft framework for monitoring effective GCED, which is relevant to systems, schools, and staff supporting upper primary school students. This was developed through a review of existing instruments and literature, consultation with experts, and data collected through questionnaires and focus group workshops with teachers from Australia, South Korea, and the Philippines.


Wetland mitigation banking is the practice of creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving large, off-site wetlands to compensate for authorized impacts to natural wetlands. By 2002, there were 219 active mitigation banks in the United States, encompassing 50,000 hectares in 29 states. This study is the first systematic analysis of the ecological quality of these ecosystems; the objective is to determine if mitigation banks are successfully supporting native wetland vegetation and if success differs by mitigation method (created, restored, or enhanced), geomorphic class, age, or area. I obtained monitoring reports from 45 randomly selected mitigation bank wetlands in 21 states to evaluate three measures of ecological status: the prevalence of wetland vegetation, the pervasiveness of non-native species, and plant species richness. Sites range from less than one ha to over 560 ha and include 17 created wetlands, 19 restored wetlands, and 9 enhanced wetlands. Prevalence Index scores (PI; 1.0 for obligate wetland vegetation to 5.0 for upland vegetation) do not differ by wetland area but are significantly lower in created wetlands and significantly decrease from one- and two-year-old created wetlands (PI=2.37±0.15; mean±SE) to those five to seven years old (PI=1.96±0.12). Created and restored wetlands support 12.4 and 12.2 species per 10 m2 respectively, nearly four times more than the 3.2 species in 10m2 of enhanced wetland. This is in part attributable to a greater incidence of non-native species in created and restored wetlands. The vegetative cover in created mitigation bank wetlands is 18.9±2.8 percent non-native-statistically similar to that of restored (17.6±2.9) but significantly greater than that of enhanced systems (8.7±2.7). Within mitigation methods, there are clear differences among geomorphic and vegetation classes. Depressional systems with a single vegetation class support highly hydrophytic, highly non-native communities with low species richness, while restored and enhanced riverine systems have a greater prevalence of native species. For mitigation bank wetlands in this study, the prevalence of wetland vegetation, the representation of native species, and the plant community homogeneity increase with age, indicating a period of self-organization and a potential trend toward vegetative equivalence with natural wetlands.


Data mining analyses the massive data in the CRM system of commercial banks effectively, by turning the information into knowledge, data mining benefits the banks with making better business decision. Based on the introduction of data mining technology and the main mining targets, this paper summarizes that the customer cluster character analysis, buying model research and fraud detection are the main application fields of data mining in CRM system, and then introduces its application in these research fields in detail.


The new generation of connected devices is transforming the manufacturing industry, making it more data-driven than ever. Various technologies, from IoT sensors to data modelling and predictive engineering, need to be integrated into the production process to optimise the process and increase productivity. The success of manufacturers will depend on how they integrate and orchestrate these technological ecosystems into their business. In this paper, we address the challenge of the ever-increasing demand for digital transformation in the manufacturing industry by proposing Falcon as a business framework. This framework identifies and implements the key concepts and components for the factories of the future, using the aerospace manufacturing industry as a use case. Falcon is designed to integrate multiple data sources to extract and visualise key production indicators while securing the overall information flow. The validation of the proposed framework is done by implementing an instance of the Falcon architecture at Embraer, Portugal.


Some practical peculiarities of random signals recognition methods are considered for non-traditional cases when the signals with unknown probabilistic characteristics are presented for recognition along with the signals predetermined in a probabilistic sense. The data on decision problems of recognition signals for radio control, recognition of any types of targets by signals features using narrow-bend signals and recognition signals for medical diagnostic are considered.


Objective To compare the critical thinking ability between the baccalaureate nursing students in the four-year nursing program and the five-year nursing program and provide a basis for these schools with different school systems to strengthen the cultivation of critical thinking ability. Methods The Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version (CTDI-CV) was adopted to investigate baccalaureate nursing students from four colleges and universities in Sichuan Province who had completed 10 ~ 12 month clinical practice. Results The overall mean score of critical thinking ability of baccalaureate nursing students in Sichuan Province was (287.37 ± 32. 52). The overall mean scores of critical thinking ability of students in the four-year nursing program and the five-year nursing program were (295.32 ±29. 76) and (282.63 ±33.23 ) respectively and a difference existed between them ( P < 0. 01 ). Except the dimension of self-confidence, the differences between the two programs showed a statistical significance in the other six dimensions (P <0. 05). Conclusions Differences in critical thinking ability exist between baccalaureate nursing students in different school systems and the nursing education of four-year nursing program is more beneficial to the cultivation of critical thinking ability than that of five-year nursing program.

Key words:
Critical thinking; Nursing education; Baccalaureate nursing students; School system


Four trials were conducted in the South Burnett to test the efficacy of three new insecticides (DPX-MP062, RH 2485 and Tracer) and Dipel SC for Soybean Looper, Thaysanoplusia orichalcea (Fabricius), in soybeans. Effects on beneficial insects and arthropods were also assessed. Helicoverpa armigera control by DPX-MP062, Tracer and Dipel was assessed in trials 1 and 2. DPX-MP062 at all rates showed dual looper/Helicoverpa activity and the lower rates showed potential as they had little effect on beneficial species. All insecticides were trialed at several different rates. Cost is an important aspect in chemical application. If loopers can be controlled by insecticides at lower rates application costs can be kept down. Tea Tree Oil was trialed to ascertain its benefits as a moth deterrent. However, there was no further infestation in trial 3 so further investigation is necessary.


Burn-In test equipment usually owns extensive memory capabilities to store pre-computed patterns to be applied to the circuit inputs as well as ad-hoc circuitries to drive and read the DUT pins during the BI phase. The solution proposed in this paper dramatically reduces the memory size requirement and just demands a generic microcontroller unit (MCU) equipped with a couple of embedded processors, some standard common peripheral units, and a few KB memories. Moreover, the proposed Burn-In tester could be integrated into a System Level Test equipment which is typically based on MCUs to communicate functionally with the DUT. This paper provides full details about the architecture of such a low-cost innovative tester, which can supply the DUT with unlimited pseudo-random patterns created autonomously by the MCU firmware from any selected seed. The tester prototype developed to collect experimental results includes a low-cost System-on-Chip based on a multi-core MCU and a set of peripheral cores, encompassing timers and Direct Memory Access modules. The tester prototype is used to stress an automotive chip accounting for about 20 million gates, 700 thousand scan flip-flops, and several scan modes. The combination of pseudo-random pattern generation with the ability to control different scan and Design for Testability (DfT) modes, including LBIST, permits to reach a higher coverage of stress metrics than by the application of a limited set of pre-computed ATPG patterns. The toggle coverage level reached is up to 95.89%. The application speed achieved by the tester with non-optimized connections is up to about 10MHz.


RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRECIPITATION, SURFACE RUNOFF, AND SHALLOW WATER-TABLE by Manoj Patel In this study, a model was developed to describe the relationship between precipitation, surface runoff, and shallow groundwater table in a watershed that is subjected to groundwater extraction and urbanization. Regression analysis of fourteen years (1976-1989) of time series data for precipitation, stream discharge, ground water elevation, and groundwater extraction yielded good correlation between these parameters. Analysis of the data associated with groundwater recharge and discharge events that occurred in the watershed from 1976 to 1989 yielded a high correlation between the above cited parameters. Regression analysis utilized to predict monthly variations in groundwater elevations showed a fair correlation between precipitation, stream discharge, shallow groundwater elevation, and groundwater extraction. The Toms River watershed was utilized because it represented a hydrogeologic framework that suited this study. It is overlain by a surficial aquifer which has been exploited heavily for water supply. Also, the region has experienced substantial urbanization during the period of study. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRECIPITATION, SURFACE RUNOFF, AND SHALLOW WATER-TABLE


Smart microimplants are playing increasing roles in modern medicine. Wireless power transfer (WPT) and data communication are essential components in microimplants. In order to minimize device size, a preferred design is to share the wireless power channel with the data communication links consisting of a downlink and an uplink. While the implementation of the downlink is relatively easy, the uplink from the implant to the external unit is difficult to implement due to the limited power supply and small transceiver coil available within the implant. In this work, we present a new design of the data uplink that utilizes a special tapped coil and a simple passive circuit to produce a strong pulsed magnetic field (PMF) for signal emission. The strong PMF, which is oscillatory at the same resonant frequency as the WPT carrier, allows wireless data transmission over a longer distance through the WPT channel. Our new design is studied analytically, and the function of our circuit is confirmed by a computer simulation. A prototype is constructed, and its performance is compared with the existing load shift keying (LSK) method. Our experimental result showed that the design produced more than 15 times stronger signal strength at the receiving end.


Domestic and international exploration has long been an area of interest for academicians and industry professionals alike. However, these travel journeys have historically been plagued with significant barriers for blacks in the United States. "No Negros allowed...We serve whites only...No coloreds allowed...Coloreds must sit on the balcony...." These are just a sampling of some of the well-documented captions that blacks had to endure during the segregation-era of Jim Crow. During this time, blacks in the United States faced major roadblocks while traveling, and continued threats of violence induced by the deeply embedded history of racism in the country (Green, 1936). Fast-forwarding 30 years, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended legal discrimination against blacks in public spaces, including travel venues. In fact, according to Mandala Research firm, 17% of black people take one or more international trips a year and account for $48 billion of the US travel market. Although this market continues to experience upward growth, the relationships black people have with travel remain multi-faceted. Amongst the small archive of research on African American tourism, some important studies to note include that of Phillip (1994), Carter (2008), and most recently Tucker (2015). Both Phillip (1994) and Carter (2008) conducted studies highlighting the differences between black and white travelers using household travel survey data. Unfortunately, both studies found that black travelers continue to participate in many of the travel behaviors established during Jim Crow segregation. For example, both studies found that black travelers are more likely (than white travelers) to visit destinations solely based on recommendations from family and friends (Carter, 2008; Phillip, 1994). Additionally, Carter (2008) found that blacks travel more frequently in large groups in comparison to whites. Black travelers have also been considered to be less adventurous when it comes to trip itineraries, activities, and accommodation choices (Philipp, 1994). In 2015, Tucker conducted a qualitative study amongst 12 African American tourists which provided information suggesting that marginality, ethnicity, and issues related to discrimination impact their travel attitudes and behaviors. The African American travel market is rapidly growing, with much room for future development. Despite this trend in growth, many major hospitality and tourism companies continue to steer clear of specifically targeting the black community. In response to this, many black travelers are taking the initiative to clear their own paths to travel the world. For example, numerous black-owned start-up companies and blogs including "Travel Noir," "Innclusive," and "Nomadness Travel Tribe" have been created to fill this gap. Additionally, social media trends such as the popular hashtag #travelingwhileblack have brought to light some of the modern-day experiences of black travelers. The presence and growing popularity of networks like these confirm the fact that black American travel experiences are uniquely rooted in the history of race in America, making them vastly different than white travel experiences. Although the emergence of this trend is evident, research in this area is severely lacking. Therefore, the goal of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the black American travel 1 Dillette and Benjamin: Traveling while Black: Storytelling through Twitter Published by Digital Commons @ TRU Library, 2017 experience from both a traveler's perspective and a marketing perspective. Analyzing over 3000 tweets using the hashtag #travelingwhileblack, qualitative content analysis was used to answer these research questions: 1. In what ways do black travelers use Twitter to express their travel experiences? a. In what ways do black tourists express negative traveling experiences through Twitter? b. In what ways do black tourists express positive traveling experiences through Twitter? 2. What differences exist, if any, between the lived experiences of black travelers and the marketing materials used to target black travelers? Results from the qualitative analysis reveal both positive and negative experiences of black travelers specifying emergent themes discovered within the data. During the presentation, results from this study will be discussed within the context of black history, as well as Critical Race Theory and whiteness studies. This work extends previous research on the black travel experience by adding depth and breadth of understanding. It is our goal that the findings from this research will aid in stimulating discussion about this sensitive but critical travel and tourism issue. References: Carter, P.L. (2008). Coloured places and pigmented holidays: Racialized leisure travel. Tourism Geographies, 10(3), 265–284. Green, V.H. (1936). The Negro motorist green-book. Philipp, S. F. (1994). Race and tourism choice: A legacy of discrimination? Annals of Tourism Research, 21(3), 479–488. Tucker, C.N. (2015). Embedded and exposed: Exploring the lived experiences of African American tourists. 2 Critical Tourism Studies Proceedings, Vol. 2017 [2017], Art. 110 http://digitalcommons.library.tru.ca/cts-proceedings/vol2017/iss1/110


The composition of the essential oil of anise hyssop [Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze] plants grown at Bangalore (India) was investigated by GC and GC–MS. The essential oils obtained from hydrodistillation of aerial parts of plants harvested at two plant growth stages, at the end of the vegetative stage and at full bloom, were found to contain methyl chavicol (91.7% and 95.2%) and limonene (3.6% and 3.9%) as the major constituents. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper provides an extensive literature review concerning at-risk students and their needs, identifies the essential components necessary for effective at-risk programming, and describes successful at-risk programs and recommendations for administrators and teachers at the middleand high-school levels. The literature review presents research findings on parenting styles, students' perceptions of change, school attendance, grade retention, and e aluation of programs for at-risk learners. Essential components of programs for at-risk students include a recognition of the importance of school climate, a comprehensive and balanced curriculum, an effective and caring staff, energetic and experienced teachers trained in various counseling skills, using a preventative and remedial approach to enhance the at-risk students' self-esteem, and an inclusive decision-meting process. Appendices contain samples of various at-risk programs' objectives, activities, and curricula. (LMT) ********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** AT-RISK PROGRAMS FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL AND HIGH SCHOOL: ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADMINISTRATORS AND TEACHERS


The Cherenkov field charge passing parallel to the axis of a waveguide partially filled with a dielectric was analyzed. Approximations were developed for complete energy loss by the charge in passing in the proximity of a dielectric layer on the waveguide surface. Evaluations are made of the coherent losses in changed particle clusters. (tr-auth)


In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first two novel cellular immunotherapies using synthetic, engineered receptors known as chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah) and axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta), expressed by patient‐derived T cells for the treatment of hematological malignancies expressing the B‐cell surface antigen CD19 in both pediatric and adult patients. This approval marked a major milestone in the use of antigen‐directed "living drugs" for the treatment of relapsed or refractory blood cancers, and with these two approvals, there is increased impetus to expand not only the target antigens but also the tumor types that can be targeted. This state‐of‐the‐art review will focus on the challenges, advances, and novel approaches being used to implement CAR T‐cell immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors.


The ease of in-the-wild speech recording using smartphones has sparked considerable interest in the combined application of speech, remote measurement technology (RMT) and advanced analytics as a research and healthcare tool. For this to be realised, the acceptability of remote speech collection to the user must be established, in addition to feasibility from an analytical perspective. To understand the acceptance, facilitators, and barriers of smartphone-based speech recording, we invited 384 individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) from the Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse – Central Nervous System (RADAR-CNS) research programme in Spain and the UK to complete a survey on their experiences recording their speech. In this analysis, we demonstrate that study participants were more comfortable completing a scripted speech task than a free speech task. For both speech tasks, we found depression severity and country to be significant predictors of comfort. Not seeing smartphone notifications of the scheduled speech tasks, low mood and forgetfulness were the most commonly reported obstacles to providing speech recordings.


Under the background of a company which is developing CONFORM engineering,an integration manage-ment information system including most departments such as scientific research,production,purchasesale,fi-nance and stock has been developed.The demarcation of the equipments management subsystem has been described in details.The division of the system function structure,software development and application environment have also been discussed.This system has many merits including novel design,various function,friendly interface,convenient operation,realizing more scientific and efficient management of scientific research and production.


Styrene/butyl acrylate (SBt) was prepared using in-situ seed emulsion polymerization and precipitated in an excess of methanol. The prepared (SBt) was utilized as modifier additive for acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) in different dosage i.e. 5 phr, 10 phr, 15 phr and 20 phr. The rheometric and the physicomechanical characteristics of the vulcanizates include tensile strength, elongation at break, and swelling in toluene and motor oil were studied at room temperature before and after aging at 90 oC for up to 7 days. Moreover, morphology and dielectric properties of the modified (NBR) vulcanizates were investigated as well. It was discovered that 20 phr of the Styrene/butyl acrylate (SBt) that incorporated with (NBR) has the highest physicomechanical characteristics as well as dielectric parameters.


This study aims to examine the effect of tax training on MSME taxpayer compliance in the city of Jambi. Then, this study also examines the effect of tax knowledge on the compliance of MSME taxpayers in Jambi City. This study uses a moderating variable of tax sanctions on the relationship between tax training and tax knowledge on taxpayer compliance. The population and sample in this study used compulsory taxation for MSMEs in Jambi City, with the data collected utilizing a questionnaire. The results of this study show that tax training affects SME taxpayer compliance and tax knowledge also affects the compliance of MSME taxpayers, and tax sanctions can moderate the relationship between tax training and tax knowledge on MSME taxpayer compliance in Jambi City.


This article describes a blog designed to be a source of unbiased information about the ACA for the general public and as a tool for Extension educators to help them understand the intricacies of the ACA so that they could be more conversant about ACA's opportunities and challenges in their communities. Some current blog posts, including the recent Supreme Court decision, Medicaid Expansions decisions, and a reflection on the first 5 years of the ACA, are noted to showcase how the blog is being used to inform about ongoing policy issues.


The chrysanthemum image in TAO Yuan-ming's poems reveals that his plain and bold style does not separate sharply. His description of the countryside betrays bold and unconstrained flavor, while his bold and unconstrained flavor embodies in the rural landscape. Both of them combined together wonderfully.


HISTORICAL AND SOCIOPEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF FITNESS AEROBICS E.A. Fonareva, postgraduate student Kama state academy of physical culture, Naberezhnye Chelny Key words: history, role and value of fitness aerobics, comprehensive school. The purpose of the present research was to consider historical and sociopedagogical aspects of fitness aerobics. Aerobics (in the wide sense) - is a system of exercises directed top development of aerobic abilities of energy supply of motor activity. The means of impact include walking, running, swimming, gymnastic exercises, dances, cardiotrainings etc. (Cooper, 1970); Aerobics (in the narrow sense) - is one of directions of fitness programs, constructed based on different gymnastic exercises (step-aerobics, slide-aerobics, dance aerobics etc.). Fitness aerobics is a complicated coordinating, aesthetic, team sport from the class of «Aerobics», differing by certain organic combination of sport and art, creative component and novelty factor, unity of motor actions and music. Aerobics promotes: 1) solution of task associated with personal perfection and training (moral aesthetic, mental, labor); 2) mastering special motor skills and abilities; 3) development and perfection of such physical qualities as power, integrated velocity manifestations, endurance, dexterity - directly associated with dexterity morphological body features - flexibility etc.; 4) developing interest in occupations of sports culture; 5) formation of motor school and motor culture; 6) inculcation of organization skills; 7) perfection of sensor body systems; 8) increase of body stability to unfavorable environmental factors.


Explores the experience of the e´lite, private social clubs of London and suggests that they are a flourishing sector of the hospitality industry. The paper suggests that the traditional gentlemen's club is being joined by a new type of e´lite private social club with more modern conceptions of the "clubbable". The paper analyses the differences and similarities between the two types of clubs in the areas of gender, value for money, concepts of "e´lite" and the function of a club. The paper contends that private clubs are an increasingly‐significant sector of the hospitality industry, because of the way they fulfil the needs of the late twentieth‐century consumer. They provide high status "niches" for a fragmented social "e´lite" and they fill the space between automated work and leisure.


The genetic variations of rohu (Labeo rohita ,H amilton) sampled from ¢ve hatchery populations (Arabpur, Brahmaputra, Comilla, Kishorganj and Natore) and three major river populations (the Halda, the Jamuna and the Padma) were analysed by allozyme electrophoresis. Ten enzymes encoded by 11 loci were screened, and six were polymorphic. Alleles at three loci (Est-1, Gpi-1 and Gpi-2) proved variable for hatchery and river populations, and the Mdh-2 locus exhibited heterozygous genotypes for river populations only. Polymorphic loci per population (27.3 5.3%), heterozygous loci per individual (15.5 1.2%) and relative gene diversity (0.27 0.08) in river populations were higher than those for hatchery populations (25.5 1.8%, 10.7 1.6% and 0.25 0.01 respectively). Also, the observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He )( 0.09 0.03 and 0.14 0.04 respectively) in river populations were higher than those in hatchery populations (0.08 0.01 and 0.11 0.01 respectively). The lower levels of genetic variability in hatchery populations suggested the occurrence of inbreeding and/or genetic drift. The pairwise population diierentiation (FST) values showed a lower level of genetic diierentiation between hatchery and river population pairs. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram of Nei's genetic distances showed a relationship between the genetic distance and geographic distance. The populations were clustered into three groups: the Padma in one group, the Halda in second group and the Jamuna, including ¢ve hatcheries, in the third group. Highly diversi¢ed rohu individuals were observed in the Padma and Halda Rivers, whereas less genetically variable individuals were found in the Jamuna River and ¢ve hatcheries. These ¢ndings can be useful for rohu hatchery propagation to enhance the sustainable aquaculture production.


ontrolling the motions of humanoid robot when interacting in external environment, requires an exact estimation of joint torques. Therefore, this paper suggests a technique to estimate the maximum surplus torque for each joints using a genetic algorithm (GA) when the robot is pushing an object. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested method, a multi degree of freedom humanoidrobot carrying a pushing motion is considered, and a number of simulations are conducted. The results of the simulations show that the suggested technique can be applied to the control of joints' torques for the humanoid robot interacting with external environment.


Phytophthora blight is an emerging threat in pigeonpea. This article briefly discusses diagnosis of Phytophthora blight on pigeonpea including the symptoms and signs, taxonomy, and geographic distribution. Methods of isolation, identification, and storage of Phytophthora cajani (causal organism of Phytophthora blight) are also discussed. This information will be useful to all researchers involved in the diagnosis and management of Phytophthora blight of pigeonpea.


Abstract Biometric systems aim to provide reliable authentication and verification of users. The behaviour of the users may alter the authentication performance when accessing these systems. Therefore, clustering users based on their actions is crucial. A biometric menagerie defines and labels user groups statistically according to their variability. However, determining groups is a fuzzy process and it may lead to inconsistencies. In this work, a novel and flexible approach is introduced based on the classification performance of the users data collected in a database without imposing any other restrictions. According to the performance measures obtained from the confusion matrix of the classification algorithms, users are ranked and then clustered. Additionally, the norm of a confusion matrix is offered augmenting the state-of-the-art performance metrics. The proposed scheme is evaluated using the behavioural biometrics modality on two benchmark keystroke databases. The performance results successfully illustrate the alternative way of grouping and identification of users sharing the same behaviour irrespective of the chosen classifiers or performance metrics.


The demonstration of a three‐dimensional tapered mode‐selective coupler in a photonic chip is reported. This waveguide‐based, ultra‐broadband mode multiplexer was fabricated using the femtosecond laser direct‐write technique in a boro‐aluminosilicate glass chip. A three‐core coupler has been shown to enable the multiplexing of the LP01, LP 11a and LP 11b spatial modes of a multimode waveguide, across an extremely wide bandwidth exceeding 400 nm, with low loss, high mode extinction ratios and negligible mode crosstalk. Linear cascades of such devices on a single photonic chip have the potential to become a definitive technology in the realization of broadband mode‐division multiplexing for increasing optical fiber capacity.


According to the unique public and private law division standards in Roman law, the concept of theft in Roman law has a dual nature of public and private. Ordinary theft is considered to reflect private legal relations and is a delictum, while aggravated theft reflects the legal relations dominated by the will of the state and is a public crime. The duality of this theft also affected the development of the concept of theft in the Middle Ages, both Canon law and Germanic law distinguished between ordinary theft and aggravated theft, but ordinary theft was no longer regarded as delictum. Germanic law upheld the idea of "public peace", while Canon law legitimized the criminalization of theft based on the idea of "atonement" and finally integrated the concepts of theft in Roman law, Canon law and Germanic law through the promulgation of the Constitutio Criminalis Carolina at the end of the Middle Ages. Ultimately, Germanic jurists reinterpreted the conception of theft expounded by classical jurists and transmuted the notion of theft into one invested with the character of a public crime. This thereafter constituted the prototypical paradigm of modern German theft legislation.


............................................................................................................................. ii Preface ............................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. vi List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... x List of Figures ................................................................................................................... xi List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... xiii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ xiv Dedications........................................................................................................................ xv 1.
   Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1
   Excitation-contraction coupling ......................................................................... 1 1.2
   Myocyte architecture ......................................................................................... 4 1.2.1
   Ryanodine receptors .................................................................................... 7 184.108.40.206
   The macromolecular complex of RyR within the SR .......................... 8 1.2.2
   L-type calcium channel ............................................................................. 10 1.2.3
   The sodium-calcium exchanger ................................................................ 11 1.2.4
   Caveolin 3 ................................................................................................. 12 1.2.5
   Junctophilin ............................................................................................... 13 1.3
   Ryanodine receptor's structure and function ................................................... 15 1.3.1
   Ultrastructure of the RyR .......................................................................... 16 188.8.131.52
   Movements associated with channel gating and coupled gating ....... 16 1.3.2
   RyR arrays ................................................................................................ 19 vii 1.3.3
   Regulation of RyR2 .................................................................................. 20 18.104.22.168
   Calcium, magnesium and ATP .......................................................... 21 18.104.22.168
   FKBP 12 ............................................................................................ 23 188.8.131.52
   Calmodulin ......................................................................................... 24 126.96.36.199
   Phosphorylation ................................................................................. 25 22.214.171.124.1
   RyR2 phosphorylation and cardiac disease ................................ 27 126.96.36.199.2
   Mechanisms underlying different effects of PKA and CaMKII on RyR2 gating........ .................................................................................................... 29 1.4
   Research hypotheses and aims ......................................................................... 31 1.4.1
   Chapter 2 ................................................................................................... 31 1.4.2
   Chapter 3 ................................................................................................... 31 1.4.3
   Chapter 4 ................................................................................................... 31 2.
   Axial tubules of rat ventricular myocytes form multiple junctions with the SR .............. 32 2.1
   Synopsis ........................................................................................................... 32 2.2
   Introduction ...................................................................................................... 32 2.3
   Methods............................................................................................................ 34 2.3.1
   EM tissue processing ................................................................................ 35 2.3.2
   Preparing sections for single-axis tomography ......................................... 36 2.3.3
   Image acquisition and tomography ........................................................... 36 2.3.4
   Fluorescence microscopy .......................................................................... 37 2.4
   Results .............................................................................................................. 37 2.5
   Discussion ........................................................................................................ 52 3.
   The structure and functioning of the couplon in the mammalian cardiomyocyte ............. 57 viii 3.1
   Introduction ...................................................................................................... 57 3.2
   Hypotheses ....................................................................................................... 61 3.2.1
   Couplons are diverse and some are variable amplifiers of ECC .............. 61 3.2.2
   The RyR2 within a couplon form a disordered array ............................... 64 4.
   Non-uniform and variable arrangements of ryanodine receptors within mammalian ventricular couplons .................................................................................................................. 71 4.1
   Introduction ...................................................................................................... 71 4.2
   Materials and methods ..................................................................................... 72 4.2.1
   Experimental protocol ............................................................................... 73 4.2.2
   Identification and placement of ryanodine receptors ................................ 73 4.2.3
   Statistical analyses .................................................................................... 74 4.2.4
   Supplemental method ................................................................................ 74 126.96.36.199
   Calcium sparks in permeabilized myocytes ....................................... 75 184.108.40.206
   Phosphorylation ................................................................................. 76 126.96.36.199
   Confirmation of RYR2 phosphorylation ........................................... 77 184.108.40.206
   In situ fixation .................................................................................... 78 220.127.116.11
   Preparation for tomography ............................................................... 78 188.8.131.52
   Image acquisition and tomography .................................................... 78 4.3
   Results .............................................................................................................. 79 4.4
   Discussion ...................................................................................................... 105 5.
   General discussion .......................................................................................................... 111 5.1
   Overview ........................................................................................................ 111 5.2
   Merging the finding of this thesis work and its significance to the field ....... 112 ix 5.2.1
   Cellular architecture and calcium release units ...................................... 112 5.2.2
   Dyadic clefts are not filled with RyR2 ................................................... 117 5.2.3
   RyR2 do not occur in regular arrays ....................................................... 119 5.2.4
   Non-uniform arrangements ..................................................................... 121 18.104.22.168
   Cytoplasmic magnesium ........................................................... 122 188.8.131.52
   The effect of phosphorylation on channel distribution ............. 123 5.2.5
   Channel movement ................................................................................. 128 5.3
   Significance .................................................................................................... 128 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................129


We present a methodology for FPGA datapath precision optimization subject to user-defined area and error constraints. This work builds upon our previous research which presented a methodology for optimizing for dynamic range--the most significant bit position. In this work we define the problem of least significant bit optimization and propose optimization techniques that provide finer control of area-to-error tradeoffs than more traditional methods. We present some preliminary results describing the effectiveness of our techniques on typical signal and image processing kernels.


In the article the results of investigating the biochemical mechanisms of adaptation in the dependence on the degree of severity of hemorrage are presented.


Since the end of the Shogunate Era and the Meiji Restoration of 1868, Western culture has become increasingly influential in Japan. Elements of Western music were introduced to Japanese music, resulting in the emergence of various classical, serious and popular genres as well as performance practices. To the other end of the spectrum are those traditional music genres rooted in royal court and local communities that have been nourished for generations.