New research has uncovered a previously unnoticed 20-year increase in the incidence of rectal cancer in patients younger than 40 years. A team of researchers conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer-registry database of the National Cancer Institute. They identified a total of 7,661 patients with colon, rectal, or rectosigmoid cancer diagnosed before the age of 40 years, from 1973 through 2005. Analyzing this trend over time, they found that the incidence of rectal and rectosigmoid cancer began climbing 3.8% annually in 1984, while the incidence of colon cancer remained unchanged. The increase was independent of sex and race. Approximately 70% of the tumors were adenocarcinomas. Lead author Joshua E. Meyer, assistant professor in the Depart ment of Radiation Oncology at Fox Chase Cancer Center in Phil adelphia, emphasized that rectal cancer shouldn't be confused with anal cancer, which is most often a squamous cell carcinoma associated with human papillomavirus or HIV infection. Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancerrelated death in the United States, but it's often considered a disease of older adults. Younger patients often have more advanced disease on presentation, and their survival rate is lower than older patients', perhaps because of delayed diagnosis. "This research is very relevant to nurses, who see these patients frequently,'' Meyer said. "If clinicians see inflamed hemorrhoids or rectal bleeding, we suggest flexible sigmoidoscopy to rule out rectal cancer.'' The researchers don't yet recommend a change in current screening guidelines. Pamela J. Haylock, director of the Association for Vascular Access and former president of the Oncology Nursing Society, agreed, saying that nurses should keep this diagnosis in the back of their minds, "especially when young people have unusual sym ptoms. Nurses often complain about not having enough time, but we've got to be more aggressive in ruling this out and following up. It costs practically nothing to do a fecal blood test as a first step in ruling out rectal cancer.''—James M. Stubenrauch


Mechanisms underlying cocaine abuse liability in ADHD and the role of ADHD medications are not understood. The current study employed Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), an ADHD model, to evaluate methylphenidate and atomoxetine effects on cocaine self-administration, locomotor sensitization, impulsivity, and dopamine transporter (DAT) function in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and striatum. Compared to Wistar-Kyoto or Wistar, SHR rats acquired cocaine self-administration faster, with greater cocaine intake and reactivity to cocaine-cues during second-order reinstatement. Following discontinuation of methylphenidate (1.5 mg/kg/day), but not atomoxetine (0.3 mg/kg/ day) through adolescence, adult SHRs acquired cocaine self-administration even faster with upward shifts in fixed-ratio and progressive-ratio doseresponse functions compared to methylphenidateand vehicle-controls. Atomoxetine attenuated cue-reactivity in SHR compared to vehicle; methylphenidate had no added effect. Locomotor sensitization was greater in SHR compared to Wistar-Kyoto and Wistar, and not altered by methylphenidate. Under a differential reinforcement of low-rates schedule, methylphenidate increased burst responses in SHR compared to methylphenidateand vehicle-controls. Vmax and DAT cellular distribution in mPFC, OFC and striatum did not differ between vehicle-treated SHR, Wistar-Kyoto and Wistar. Methylphenidate increased Vmax in mPFC, while atomoxetine decreased Vmax and cell surface expression in OFC of adult SHR. Results reveal that greater cocaine sensitivity and cue-reactivity may mediate the greater cocaine self-administration in SHR. Further, increased DAT function in mPFC may underlie enhanced impulsivity and cocaine self-administration in methylphenidate-treated SHR. Atomoxetine treatment decreased DAT function in OFC and reduced cocaine cue-reactivity, which may explain the reduced cocaine self-administration relative to methylphenidate in SHR. Thus, methylphenidate treatment in ADHD adolescents may increase risk for cocaine abuse. Atomoxetine may represent a therapeutic alternative for ADHD teenagers at risk for cocaine addiction.


Liver scans were performed on 84 patients, using a new colloidal substance 99mTc-Sn-Antipyrine colloid, and compared with 36 liver scans with 99mTc-Sn-phytate under identical conditions. The following differences were found: 99mTc-Antipyrine uptake in the spleen was higher in comparison with 99mTc-phytate, renal excretion was twenty times lower. The tin content was less then one fifth in the Sn-Antipyrine preparation. Antipyrine yields simultaneous imaging of liver and spleen even in normal patients.


One of the leading causes of epilepsy is cerebral ischemia, also known as ischemic stroke. The brain is particularly vulnerable to ischemia due to the high rate of oxidative metabolism, which requires a continuous supply of oxygen and glucose. By initiating an excitotoxic glutamate injury, it is hypothesized to induce ischemic epileptic discharges in the rat neural stem cells in-vitro. Using the cell-type specific miRNA biochemical marker of normal brain function, it is possible to identify the pathology of stroke specific miRNAs. Signaling pathways, such as the MAPK pathways, have demonstrated participation in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. By observing the dysregulation of the target gene hsa-miR-106b-5p due to the glutamate injury, the MAPK pathway will be analyzed by targeting the MAPKK protein markers. It is hypothesized that the upregulation of hsa-miR-106b-5p will affect the tightly regulated signaling network of the MAPKK activity in the event of a stroke.


The present invention relates to a writing instrument having a stylus function; Wherein the front-end cap the front end cap and the simchok is fastened to the core member, and a front end of said base end portion, and that the simchok the retracting possible retracting ball formation which is provided on the cylindrical body, the front end simchok doedoe provided inside of the body be of the retracting ball-disappearance in the writing instrument consisting of a drive unit for lifting the core material, the outer surface of the front-end cap is characterized in that the energizing means to flow the current of the human body is further provided. Writing with the stylus pen function according to the present invention, the touch, while the optional use of available or used for writing the touch screen, resistive touch screen as well as can be used for the touch of a capacitive touch screen, the application range widely, the present invention its use is very convenient to have the same area, which is used for, while selectively using the functions of the stylus pen of the writing instrument on the exposed Dara whether choksim when writing and touch.


This paper deals with the design and enactment of a hybrid controller for the magnetic levitation system. This hybrid controller comprises of two types of controllers. One is based on mathematical model and other does not depend on it, so mathematical inaccuracy in the modeling of the system can be handled by other controller. Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) are used together in a hybrid manner. LQR is designed for improving the performance using full state feedback control and T-S fuzzy controller is designed for accommodating nonlinearity using IF-THEN rules. Based on the analysis of simulation results and real time response of magnetic levitation system, the hybridization of the FLC with LQR shows a superior result than FLC alone.


The invention provides an acquisition method and device of a channel quality indicator (CQI) and a user terminal, and belongs to the field of mobile communication. The acquisition method of the CQI comprises the following steps: calculating an SIR (Signal to Interference Ratio) estimated value and an SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) estimated value respectively; determining a final estimated value according to the calculated SIR estimated value and SNR estimated value; and determining the CQI by using the final estimated value. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the robustness of a CQI system can be enhanced, and the reliability of CQI feedback is enhanced.


Recent observations show dramatic changes of the Arctic atmosphere‐ice‐ocean system, including a rapid warming in the intermediate Atlantic water of the Arctic Ocean. Here it is demonstrated through the analysis of a vast collection of previously unsynthesized observational data, that over the twentieth century Atlantic water variability was dominated by low-frequency oscillations (LFO) on time scales of 50‐80 yr. Associated with this variability, the Atlantic water temperature record shows two warm periods in the 1930s‐40s and in recent decades and two cold periods earlier in the century and in the 1960s‐70s. Over recent decades, the data show a warming and salinification of the Atlantic layer accompanied by its shoaling and, probably, thinning. The estimate of the Atlantic water temperature variability shows a general warming trend; however, over the 100-yr record there are periods (including the recent decades) with short-term trends strongly amplified by multidecadal variations. Observational data provide evidence that Atlantic water temperature, Arctic surface air temperature, and ice extent and fast ice thickness in the Siberian marginal seas display coherent LFO. The hydrographic data used support a negative feedback mechanism through which changes of density act to moderate the inflow of Atlantic water to the Arctic Ocean, consistent with the decrease of positive Atlantic water temperature anomalies in the late 1990s. The sustained Atlantic water temperature and salinity anomalies in the Arctic Ocean are associated with hydrographic anomalies of the same sign in the Greenland‐Norwegian Seas and of the opposite sign in the Labrador Sea. Finally, it is found that the Arctic air‐sea‐ice system and the North Atlantic sea surface temperature display coherent low-frequency fluctuations. Elucidating the mechanisms behind this relationship will be critical to an understanding of the complex nature of low-frequency variability found in the Arctic and in lower-latitude regions.


We offer a possibility that the nuclear system with protons, Z = 8 has a large deformation at neutrons, N = 20; 28O that is beyond the neutron drip line. According to our previous works [arXiv: 1604.05013, 1604.02786, 1604.01017], it is expected that the ferro-deformation would occur at Z = 8, N = 20 through a shape phase transition at N = 18 out of N =16. The shape transition can be explained in terms of isospin dependent spin-orbital interactions between neutrons in the d3/2 orbital and protons in the d5/2 orbital, by yielding both the neutron and the proton pseudo-shell configurations built on each combined subshells. We argue that such a large deformation at N = 18 would be responsible for the 26O to be unbound, leading to a ground state neutron emitter. The ferro-deformation is mapped on the nuclear chart such that is around the following critical proton, neutron coordinates, (Z, N); (64, 104), (40, 64), (20, 40), (8, 20). This configuration depicts a beautiful pattern coming from a harmonious order in the microscopic quantum world.


enough counselling was available at the time of the crisis for prospective parents, many of whom were quite bewildered on meeting their sick, or handicapped, strange, foreign-looking child. They say that there should perhaps be some official move to form a network of communication between the adoptive parents so that they can share their own problems and those of the children who, as their differencesgrow more apparent, may one day question the wisdom of the rescue operation.


In the given work calculation crank rod mechanism of a four-cycle six-cylinder internal combustion engine of Mercedes-Benz M-115 has been carried out durability with application CAD/CAE systems. Calculation was spent at stationary statement of a problem and the account of distribution of temperature on piston height.


As semantic web use and research blossoms, automated online searches whether to answer a simple question, seek specific sensor readings, or investigate research in a particular domain has raised a number of issues. Simple search tools cannot handle context-specific search problems, but specialist search tools have a narrow domain and applicability. Some online tools circumvent these problems by putting more filter controls into the hands of users, but this leads to more complex interfaces which can raise usability barriers. A distributed approach, where specialised search agents act autonomously to find contextualised information, can provide a useful compromise between a simple, general search interface and specialist searches. This paper outlines work in progress on design and use of specialist search agents, with a case study to find public transportation bus stops within a spatial region. The approach is demonstrated with a case-study web interface, developed to interpret a text query to find and show bus stop locations within a named boundary by coordinating multiple online search agents. Search agents were designed to follow a common model to allow for future development of agent types, including specialist agents used in the case study to search standard open web services and extract spatial features.


A I generally agree with David Patrick and colleagues' article on the routine offering of prenatal testing for HIV in a low-prevalence setting, I am concerned about their emphasis on potential cost savings. Surely an HIV test should be mandatory in antenatal care, just as the Wassermann reaction test has been. To "offer" it is not good enough if the test result may well foretell a serious outcome and result in active treatment that benefits both mother and child. HIV testing must be done regardless of cost and should be followed by appropriate counselling. In my view, there should be no option for women to "exercise their informed choice as to whether the test should be performed." As doctors we are interested in reducing morbidity and preventing the spread of infection, even within the family. In such situations a degree of compulsion is sometimes necessary, even in a low-prevalence setting. There is too much at stake to forgo this test.


ZnO films with 110 orientation were grown on R-Al 2O 3 substrates by LP-MOCVD, and the growth temperature was optimized. The quality of crystal, surface morphology and optical characteristic of the samples were investigated by XRD, AFM and PL method. The experimental results show that the FWHM of the optimized sample is only 0.50°. Compared with that of the sample grown on C-Al 2O 3 material under the same conditions, the surface morphology of the first sample is denser and smooth, while the PL spectra indicate that the exciton emitting intensity of 110 oriented ZnO film in the ultraviolet range is lower. However, the deep-level emission related to the intrinsic defects disappears in the spectrum. All above indicate that the 110 oriented ZnO film is more suitable for fabrication of the film SAWF with a low loss and a high frequency than for fabrication of the emitting device in ultraviolet range.


In this article, we consider the Schrodinger system with power- type nonlinearities, i @ @t u j + uj + ajujj 2p 2 u j + m X k=1;k6j bjukj p jujj p 2 uj = 0; x2 R N ; where j = 1;:::;m, uj are complex-valued functions of (x;t) 2 R N+1 , a;b are real numbers. It is shown that when b > 0, and a + (m 1)b > 0, for a certain range of p, traveling-wave solutions of this system exist, and are orbitally stable.


The principle,process and conditions for the preparation of basic zinc carbonate,and In/Ge from purified sludge of zinc sulfate production are introduced.The method has the advantages of low manufacture cost and high recovery rate of metals(Zn 90.2%,In 85.9%,Ge 76.0%).The quality of basic zinc carbonate can rich the supergrade standard,and 50%~60% sponge Cd,4%~5% In-rich sludge and concentrated Ge of 8% can be obtained.


Multiplicative Autoregressive Random Field (MAR) based texture models have been identified as one of the most appropriate models for SAR intensity images to capture the stochastic spatial interaction among neighboring pixels. But very few studies have tested their viability particularly in disaster applications. In this paper, we analyse the MAR texture models for their advantageous in land cover change detection compared to the changes resulting from logarithm of SAR image intensity and speckle filtered SAR imagery. The paper shows that lognormal random fields with multiplicative spatial interactions in the form of MAR models can be an effective alternative to suppress speckle noise and model SAR image intensity in time series data analysis. The pre and post disaster observational data of the Tohoku earthquake, in the east coast of Japan, acquired by the Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS)/phased array type L-band synthetic aperture radar (PALSAR) were synthesized using MAR model based texture measures. Two of the main texture descriptors of the MAR model were considered primarily in this study. Those are the neighborhood weighting and the noise variance parameters. A 2nd order neighborhood configuration was used to estimate them. We present a variogram based analysis, structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and the mean ratio detector (MRD) as three different approaches to analyse the changes in land cover using radar texture. The change detection results of the MRD were further tested using area error proportion (AEP), root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (CC), keeping normalized ratio, principle component analysis (PCA) and adaptive Lee filtered polarimetric intensity based change as the references.


The Chinese government launched a series of science and technology research programs to keep pace with the latest progress in world sciences research and solve the key problems emerging in Chinas' rapid devel-opment.Climate change,land surface processes,land use and natural disasters are the academic domains which human-economic geographers mostly devoted themselves to further research.Some important progress in the hu-man-driven mechanism of land surface process and resource environment carrying capacity evaluation has of-fered a scientific basis for the governments' planning and environmental diplomacy.This paper reviews the ma-jor tasks undertaken by human-economic geographers and summarizes the major contributions and social impact of human-economic geography,such as the final consumption oriented research on carbon footprint,system dy-namics of human geographical processes,key issues in land use decision making,and resource environment car-rying capacity evaluation for disaster-hit areas.


Cancer can occur in every people and it can cause several psychological problems such as depression. Expressive writing therapy and art therapy are from of interventions that effectively able to overcome depression in reducing negative symptoms by expressing negative emotions in individual. Both of the two interventions have weaknesses so this study combinies expressive writing and art therapy to reduce depression in cancer patients. This research is quasi-experimental, the design used is nonrandomized pretest-posttest control group design. The instrument used in this study to do screening is Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). The criterion for the subjects in this study is cancer patients with depression. The data analysis method used with a non-parametric technique (Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney & Kruskal-Wallis). The results of the study prove that expressive writing, art therapy and a combination of writing & art therapy interventions can reduce depression in cancer patients, but the combination of intervention writing and art therapy is more effective in reducing depression in cancer patients.


BMI, age, sex). In con clusion, the administration of octreotide over a three month period to acromegalic patients is associated with a decrease in TG levels.


In this article original evolutionary algorithm with Xie-Beni fuzzy clustering criteria is used to perform fuzzy partitioning of iris Fisher data set


In machining parameters optimization of a chatter-free milling process, the inevitable surface location error (SLE) reflecting the machined workpiece dimension accuracy has been barely considered as one objective representing the machining quality, lowering the optimization accuracy. Therefore, this paper provides an approach to establish a multi-objective optimization model, where the material removal rate (MRR) represents the machining efficiency and the SLE predicted in time-domain represents the machining quality. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) method is used to solve the multi-objective model and provide pareto optimal solutions to first determine some ideal optimal solutions. Then the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey target decision (GTD) methods are combined to select one most satisfactory optimal solution which has a well balance between the MRR and SLE. A multi-objective model was established and taken as a case study to maximize the MRR and minimize the SLE. Comparison study was performed on this multi-objective model and two other mono-objective models for obtaining the optimal MRR and SLE respectively, which was combined with the influences of machining parameters on SLE to show the necessity of conducting a multi-objective optimization. Milling tests were conducted based on the solved optimal machining parameters, and the well consistence between the measured and predicted SLEs shows that the proposed multi-objective optimization method can provide an effective approach to balance the machining efficiency and quality when there are conflicts between different objectives.


In this paper,under barrier dividend is given,we consider optimal investment and optimal dividend for jump-diffusion risk process.We assume that the dividend paid policy is barrier strategy.That is,whenever the surplus exceed a constant barrier,the excess is paid out immediately as dividend;otherwise no dividends are paid.The insurer can invest in the money market and in a risk asset.When dividend barrier is given,we study the insurer's optimal investment policy and optimal dividend.In Yang and Zhang[1],they studied ruin probability for Jump-diffusion risk model with investment;obtain numerical results of ruin probability.In this paper,for special claim-size distribution,we had given the numerical calculation of the optimal investment policy and dividend.Meanwhile,we had given the affect of some parameters for dividend.


This is the third in a series of four articles devoted to parents and reading. The first article described typical school reading programs. The second article described different types, purposes, and scores of reading tests. This article will focus upon parental involvement in reading and will examine research and activities that can be beneficial at home and at school. PARENTS: AN UNTAPPED RESOURCE ELENE S. DEMOS ~dinboro University Edinboro, Pennsylvania This is the third in a series of four articles devoted to parents and reading. The first article described typical school reading programs. The second article described different types, purposes, and scores of reading tests. This article will focus upon parental involvement in reading and will examine research and activities that can be beneficial at home and at school.


Rectifying p-ZnSnAs2/n-InP heterojunctions have been successfully fabricated by growing p-type ZnSnAs2 epitaxial layers of different thicknesses on n-type InP(001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The growths were monitored by in-situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Electron Probe MicroAnalysis (EPMA) investigations have revealed that all the samples are nominally stoichiometric. Reciprocal space mapping of the ∼120-nm-thick sample suggests pseudomorphic growth with respect to the InP substrate. High-resolution x-ray diffraction (HR-XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies suggest high structural qualities of the epitaxial films.


Every year, the world is shaken by the passage of phenomena and events of natural origin whose effects change the daily life of human beings. and they often lead to the unpredictable loss of life and property. Various types of natural disasters, such as geophysical (earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, landslides, avalanches), hydrological (flash floods, debris flow, floods), climatological (extreme temperature, drought, forest fires), and meteorological (tropical storm, hurricanes, sand storms, heavy rains), among others, have caused losses of many lives in addition to increasing material losses.


A ninhydrin reagent for use in a method for analyzing nitrogen-containing compounds, in particular for visualizing nitrogen-containing compounds by a color-forming reaction, comprising reducing ninhydrin at a first temperature with ninhydrin, an aqueous buffer, and A ninhydrin reagent comprising a temperature-dependent reducing agent, wherein the ninhydrin has an activity to reduce ninhydrin to hydrin dantine at a second temperature, the second temperature being higher than the first temperature. Is done. This reagent is particularly useful in amino acid analysis.


The title compound, a potential DNA bis-intercalating agent, is synthesized from the novel bis-4H-furo[3,4-b]indole(7) by a double Diels–Alder reaction With benzyne followed by deoxygenation and desulphonation.


The material hoist is a new-type transport equipment of high-rise building for vertical materials.The current material hoist has no function of calling and leveling,and operator on ground operates it.This paper introduces the principle, software and hardware structure of automatic control system of material hoist for high-rise building construction,and analyzes the features of the system.


Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious complication of unrepaired congenital left-to-right shunts. The final consequence is right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction and reversal of shunt. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical course and paraclinical findings in a group of patients with PAH associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD). We also compared the results obtained by echocardiographic technique used for assessment of RV systolic function (Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion TAPSE) with parameters obtained by diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Patients and Methods: During a one-year period (2011-2012), all patients with confirmed diagnosis of PAH-CHD in pediatric cardiology ward of a teaching hospital enrolled in the study. They underwent through echocardiographic assessment and cardiac catheterization. Results: Forty-one patients (22 males, 19 females) with mean age of 5.5 ± 5.5 years (4 months to 18 years) entered in the study. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the most common (65.8%) underlying CHD. Patients ≤ 10 years old comprised 71, 8% of subjects. The higher level of Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was correlated with higher mean pressure of pulmonary artery (PAP), and greater resistance ratio (Rp/Rs) (P = 0.001, and P = 0.044 respectively). Indexed TAPSE (TAPSE/body surface area) had a significant reverse correlation with mean PAP (P = 0.015), and Rp/RS (P = 0.002). There was a significant reverse correlation between indexed TAPSE and TR (P = 0.032). Conclusions: TAPSE is an easy echocardiographic measurement and reflected RV systolic function. Indexed TAPSE has good correlation with hemodynamic data obtained by cardiac catheterization. TAPSE index is recommended for evaluation of RV systolic function in pediatric patients with PAH-CHD.


The majority of women in prison in Russia are held at considerable distances from home, often in remote places difficult for their relatives to access. The negative influence of distance on prisoners – its contribution to high rates of recidivism and poor prisoner mental and physical health – is recognised by the post-Soviet authorities. In reforms to the 'correctional code', Russia has pledged itself to holding prisoners near to home, but women are excluded from this provision.


The efferent connections of the posterior hypothalamus have been analyzed autoradiographically in a series of eight cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) brains with injections of 3H‐amino acids in different regions of the mamillary complex and the surrounding areas.


Three new approaches is presented to the simultaneous production planning and scheduling problem in automobile assembly workshops. First of all, an automobile assembly line is simplified into a flow shop, its mixed integer programming model is formulated to obtain a rough production plan by minimizing the overproduction, underproduction, set up and leisure time. On the basis of the obtained rough production plan, three different heuristic algorithms combining Tabu search with quick schedule simulation are used to optimize the production plans and schedules simultaneously, with more details of the assembly line being considered. The computational complexity of each algorithm is also given. Comparison between many computational examples of these algorithms is carried out, the result confirms their effectiveness and adaptability.


A method of reducing failure of the prosthesis load, comprising the steps of: providing a prosthesis for the spine, comprising at least one downwardly curved surface for connection to an upper vertebra and a lower vertebra of the lower link, the upper portion and having the lower portion having an upwardly curved surface, wherein the upper and lower curved surfaces having the same through the upper and lower vertebrae with respect to a central vertical axis of the center of the radius of curvature offset occurs, and the upper and lower portions of at least one centroid is located in the center of the radius of curvature on the vertical axis.


Recently, it was found that amorphization is induced in silicon by electron irradiation. By systematic examinations, it was clarified that MeV electron irradiation at low temperature below 100 K is necessary for the amorphization. The result means that the amorphization is caused by the accumulation of not point defects but small cascade damages. Moreover, from precise analysis of the dependence of the intensity of halo rings on irradiation energy and dose, it is concluded that the smallest cascade damage that contributes to amorphization includes only about four silicon atoms. Since amorphous silicon (a-Si) induced by electron irradiation is similar to a-Si created by other conventional techniques, there is a possibility that the new amorphization technique by electron beam is also applied to fabricating various artificial Si structures.


The presence/absence of androgen receptors is examined in two sexually dimorphic features of frogs: the nuptial pad and the external oblique muscle. Immunohistochemistry reveals that both males and females possess androgen receptors in these tissues. Males have a higher density of immunopositive nuclei in the oblique muscle than do females. The presence of androgen receptors in both male and female tissues is consistent with results from hormone experiments in which androgen supplements induce the expression of a nuptial pad and enlarge the external oblique muscles in castrated males and ovariectomized females.


In most accounts of the rural uprisings of 1857 the moneylender, whether described as 'sleek mahajan' or 'impassive bania', is cast as the villain of the piece. It is he who is seen as the principal beneficiary of the landed revolution that occurred in the first half-century of British rule in the North-Western Provinces and gave the non-agricultural classes of the towns a mounting share in the control of land. And his ascendancy is attributed directly to the institutional changes effected by British rule, among the most important of which were the transformation of the immediate revenuecollecting right {malguzari) into a transferable private property; the heavy, inelastic cash assessments; and above all, the forced sale of land rights for arrears of revenue or in satisfaction of debt. 'The public sale of land', says Professor Chaudhuri, 'not merely uprooted the ordinary people from their smallholdings but also destroyed the gentry of the country, and both the orders being victims of British civil law were united in the revolutionary epoch of 1857–8 in a common effort to recover what they had lost.'.


James Hinton reminds us that the development of 'good ideas' cannot be justified today without economic arguments. In this article he discusses, from his own experience, the levels of instrumentation which must be considered in designing a process plant and the relative cost and advantages of various meters.


A novel rotational internal combustion engine is invented and investigated as an auxiliary power unit (APU) of aircraft and range extension power unit for electric automobiles. For the intended applications, IC engines are required to have vibration-free characteristics. There are no reciprocating components in the present engine, resulting in vibration-free operation. This engine mainly consists of a rotor casing, a rotor and a crankshaft. The rotor is shaped in a single-lobe peritrochoid (S.L.P.) curve. The rotor is turned using a crankshaft eccentricity e and self-rotation in the counter-direction is achieved using phasing gears. The rotor casing shape has two cavities that define the envelope curve of the rotating single-lobe peritrochoid rotor. The space between the rotor and casing is where the processes for the working gas are performed: intake, compression, ignition, expansion and exhaust. The intake of premixed air/fuel gas and exhaust of burnt gas are controlled by rotary valves installed on the combustion recesses of the rotor-casing. The combustion recesses are equipped with spark-electrodes for ignition. One of the advantages of this engine compared to Wankel rotary engines and a previous engine invented by authors is easy and reliable sealing of the working gas. In this engine configuration, a sealing component is only installed on the waist section of the rotor-casing, instead of complex sealing system used for the rotor in the case of Wankel engines, resulting in higher efficiency by reducing the leakage of working gas. In this paper, first the configuration and geometries of this engine are described. Next a prototype engine is introduced and the cyclic behavior of the working process of the engine is explained. The performance of the prototype engine driven by an electric motor is also shown.


Two type of representative houses in the village and small town of Sichuan was selected in this paper,the computed model was established according to the details of seismic design of the 3.2.2 item in general rules[3] through ANSYS 8.0,according to the 7 degree seismic response spectrum,analysis of seismic response spectrum was taken to obtain the seismic response in X direction,which validated the reliability of this details of seismic design.


The eutrophication of 8 spare water resources in the main urban area of Chongqing was studied.The results showed that the values of CODMn,TN,TP of the drinking water resources were 3.93-8.13,0.778-2.86,0.039-0.067 mg/L respectively.The concentrations of TN and TP in these spare resources were up to eutrophic level.Concentration of TN and TP in sediment ranged from 0.940-1.898,486.6-691.0 mg/kg respectively.The eutrophic state of drinking water resources was evaluated by the comprehensive nutritive index.7 reservoirs weres eutropher and only 1 reservoir was mesotropher.


Peripheral inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dysregulations in circulating levels of different inflammatory mediators are detectable as early as the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage towards AD. Depressive symptoms, another risk factor of AD, are often found in individuals with MCI and associated with heightened levels of peripheral inflammatory mediators. Diminution in depressive symptoms and alterations of peripheral inflammation profiles have been observed following Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). In this pilot randomized-control trial, the impact of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) was compared to that of a psychoeducation-based intervention (PBI) on the peripheral inflammation profile and depressive symptomatology of participants with MCI. Plasma samples and scores on the Geriatric Depression scale (GDS) were obtained from 12 participants per group before and after the 8-week interventions. OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine 2020; 5(2), doi:10.21926/obm.icm.2002022 Page 2/24 Flow cytometry allowed for inter-group comparisons of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL)-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α levels. Post-MBI, two tendencies stand out regarding inflammation profiles: 1) a decrease of TNF-α for participants having higher initial levels of this cytokine, and 2) an increase of IL-6 levels for all participants. In the PBI group, the cytokine levels remained unchanged post-intervention. Regarding depressive symptomatology, no significant variations were noted for both groups. Moreover, variations on depressive symptoms and peripheral levels of cytokines were not correlated. MBI could exert a physiological effect on an important feature of AD, namely inflammation. Furthermore, action mechanisms behind physiological and psychological effects of MBIs could stem from independent sources. This remains to be demonstrated with more robust data.


In their letter, Kaplan et al. offer an opportunity to grapple with a yet-to-be-answered question: Does suicide prevention include efforts to prevent or treat alcohol misuse and related disorders when affected persons are not now suicidal? Alcohol certainly plays an exacerbating and corrosive role in the downhill slide (often lasting years or decades) of many persons who ultimately die by suicide. And intoxication surely is a permissive or facilitating factor for large numbers of individuals who attempt suicide, as the authors emphatically remind us. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print July 18, 2013: e1. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301444). Language: en


GenArch + is a model-based tool that supports the engineering of framework-based software product lines (Cirilo et al. 2009, Cirilo et al. 2011a). This tool implements the ideas discussed in previous Chapter. Figure 4.1 presents an architectural overview of the tool.


Although much research has been carried out to examine various contextual issues and moderating factors for successful R&D investments, very little research has been conducted to explore the role of a firm's operational and process characteristics. In this study, we explore how firms could possibly enhance the financial returns of R&D investments through quality management, using Six Sigma implementation as an example, and efficiency improvement, using the stochastic frontier estimation of relative efficiency as a proxy. Based on data from 468 manufacturing firms in the United States over the period 2007–2014, we construct a dynamic panel data model to capture the effects of R&D investments on firms' financial returns in terms of Tobin's q. Using the system generalized method of moments estimator, our results indicate that the financial returns of R&D investments are significantly enhanced when firms adopt Six Sigma and improve efficiency in operations. Our additional analyses further suggest that such an enhancement effect through quality and efficiency improvements is more pronounced under high operational complexity as approximated by labor intensity and geographical diversity. Instead of considering innovation activities and process management as contradictory functions, we show that quality and efficiency improvements indeed support firms' R&D investments, leading to higher financial returns.


Despite extraordinary scientific advances over more than twenty-five years, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to exact an enormous toll worldwide. Given the limitations of current HIV treatment and prevention interventions and the finan- cial and logistical impediments to delivering them, new and potentially transforming inter- ventions are needed if the HIV/AIDS pandemic is to be significantly slowed. Serious scien- tific challenges remain in the realm of developing potentially curative therapies and a safe and effective HIV vaccine, and in developing, assessing, and validating other new preven- tion modalities. Substantial funding of the research enterprise must be maintained. (Health Aff (Millwood). 2009;28(6):1629-41)


Synchrotron radiation tomography as one of the most sophisticated non-destructive imaging methods has been shown to be perfectly suited for investigating metallic foams [1]. High resolution studies can be performed on foams in early and late expansion stages. Using monochromatic radiation one can collect information not only about the mass distribution within the sample, but also about the element distribution.


The cordycepin in the deserted solid medium of the cordyceps militaris were extracted by microwave treatment.And the orthogonal test design L9(34) was used to optimize the conditions of microwave trea-tment.After being concentrated and purified primarily,the extracting solution was further purified with a prepared-type HPLC.The results showed that the optimum conditions of microwave treatment were as follows: microwave irradiation power 50 W,solid-liquid ratio 1 ∶20,extracting time 2 min,and being extracted for 2 times.And the purity of the prepared cordycepin can reach to 95.2% only with two times of prepared-type HPLC were implemented.


We ported the firmware of the ARTIQ experiment control infrastructure to an embedded system based on a commercial Xilinx Zynq-7000 system-on-chip. It contains high-performance hardwired CPU cores integrated with FPGA fabric. As with previous ARTIQ systems, the FPGA fabric is responsible for timing all I/O signals to and from peripherals, thereby retaining the exquisite precision required by most quantum physics experiments. A significant amount of latency is incurred by the hardwired interface between the CPU core and FPGA fabric of the Zynq-7000 chip; creative use of the CPU's cache-coherent accelerator ports and the CPU's event flag allowed us to reduce this latency and achieve better I/O performance than previous ARTIQ systems. The performance of the hardwired CPU core, in particular when floating-point computation is involved, greatly exceeds that of previous ARTIQ systems based on a softcore CPU. This makes it interesting to execute intensive computations on the embedded system, with a low-latency path to the experiment. We extended the ARTIQ compiler so that many mathematical functions and matrix operations can be programmed by the user, using the familiar NumPy syntax.


CdTe quantum dots were modified to the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using Nafion, and the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behavior of CdTe quantum dots immobilized in Nafion was investigated. Compared with ECL of CdTe quantum dots on the bare GCE, the ECL intensity of CdTe quantum dots modified into the Nafion film was obviously enhanced. Moreover, the ECL behavior of CdTe quantum dots in Nafion films had significant size dependence. CdTe quantum dotsNafion could generate strong ECL signals in the presence of tripropylamine as the co-reactant in the phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 7.0. A new method for the detection of hemoglobin was established based on hemoglobin could efficiently quench the ECL intensity of CdTe quantum dots. The results showed that the detection signal lg [(I0I)/I] and the logarithm of hemoglobin concentration lgC had a good linear relationship between 1.010 -9 mol/L and 5.010 -6 mol/L. The detection limit was 2.6×10 10


Generative models such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) are widely utilized to model the generative process of user interactions. However, they suffer from intrinsic limitations such as the instability of GANs and the restricted representation ability of VAEs. Such limitations hinder the accurate modeling of the complex user interaction generation procedure, such as noisy interactions caused by various interference factors. In light of the impressive advantages of Diffusion Models (DMs) over traditional generative models in image synthesis, we propose a novel Diffusion Recommender Model (named DiffRec) to learn the generative process in a denoising manner. To retain personalized information in user interactions, DiffRec reduces the added noises and avoids corrupting users' interactions into pure noises like in image synthesis. In addition, we extend traditional DMs to tackle the unique challenges in recommendation: high resource costs for large-scale item prediction and temporal shifts of user preference. To this end, we propose two extensions of DiffRec: L-DiffRec clusters items for dimension compression and conducts the diffusion processes in the latent space; and T-DiffRec reweights user interactions based on the interaction timestamps to encode temporal information. We conduct extensive experiments on three datasets under multiple settings (e.g., clean training, noisy training, and temporal training). The empirical results validate the superiority of DiffRec with two extensions over competitive baselines.


Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube is a device which enables separation of hot and cold air as compressed air flows tangentially into vortex chamber through inlet nozzles. This separation process of cold and hot air by using principle of vortex tube has got wide range of applications in cooling equipment in CNC machines, refrigerators, cooling suits, heating processes, etc. Its popularity is mainly due to reliability, lack of maintenance and simple inexpensive construction. In general, a vortex tube is constructed to obtain maximum temperature separation. Main design parameters to be considered during vortex tube designing are length and diameter of vortex tube, diameter and location of inlet nozzle, diameter of cold nozzle etc. any of the design parameters which effect flow field within the tube will also affect the performance of vortex tube. Main objective of this present work is to conduct a numerical study on effect of length on temperature difference in vortex tube. A two-dimensional axisymmetric CFD model has been developed. Simulation of turbulent, compressible, highly swirling flow inside vortex tube is performed using RANS approach using ANSYS fluent 16.2 software. The second-order numerical schemes were used to carry out all the computations. In this numerical study, performance of Ranque-Hilsch vortex tubes, with length to diameter ratios of 3,5,6.915,8,9,10 and 15,18 were analyzed. It was found that the best performance was obtained when the ratio of vortex tube length to the diameter was 15.


This paper analyses stock-picking and style-timing abilities through comparative analysis of an extensive sample of conventional and socially responsible (SR) mutual funds in the US market. Our results show that there is a little difference between conventional and SR fund managers, and even less so when we control for the presence of atypical observations. Both types of manager show negative stock-picking skills, correct size and book-to-market style-timing skills, and an absence of ability to time the market as a whole and the momentum style. Other notable findings are that the size of the fund does not affect the style-timing abilities of both conventional and SR mutual fund managers. In terms of the age of the fund, we observe that the results obtained for conventional funds are driven by older funds, while younger funds, both conventional and SR mutual funds, show perverse market-timing skills. Finally, we observe that both conventional and SR mutual fund managers make use of superior information to time the book-to-market style.


This article analyzes the connectivity of multihop radio networks in a log-normal shadow fading environment. Assuming the nodes have equal transmission capabilities and are randomly distributed according to a homogeneous Poisson process, we give a tight lower bound for the minimum node density that is necessary to obtain an almost surely connected subnetwork on a bounded area of given size. We derive an explicit expression for this bound, compute it in a variety of scenarios, and verify its tightness by simulation. The numerical results can be used for the practical design and simulation of wireless sensor and ad hoc networks. In addition, they give insight into how fading affects the topology of multihop networks. It is explained why a high fading variance helps the network to become connected.


Introduction : COVID-19, a disease that can lead to death quickly, has caused health professionals, particularly nurses, a great moral and psychological impact. Within this context, nursing presents itself, more than ever, as the front line of care, because nursing deals with patients 24 hours uninterruptedly, in addition to the lack of Personal Protective Equipment in several places. Development : Given this reality, this theoretical reflection aims to reflect on the COVID-19 pandemic and its implications for the nursing work process, under the focus of analytical psychology from the theoretical framework proposed by Carl Gustav Jung. Final Considerations : This reflection contributed so that nursing heroes, often unknown and little valued, can reflect, based on the theoretical framework presented, about their professional role. They must seek their rise and recognition before society, in the face of the current world catastrophe, coincidentally in the year in which the profession seeks, worldwide, empowerment through the worldwide campaign called Nursing Now.


Organ-specific autoimmunity frequently affects the endocrine system, including pancreatic islets. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) derives from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-secreting β-cells that is triggered by environmental factors (1, 2). Genetic predisposition accounts for 36–50% of disease susceptibility as demonstrated in monozygotic twin studies (3–5). Approximately 90% of new cases lack a family history of T1D indicating a large contribution of exogenous factors to pathogenesis. A variety of associations with viral infections have been reported for human diabetes including rubella, mumps, and cytomegalovirus. However, among investigated agents, human enteroviruses (HEVs) appear to play a prominent role (1). HEVs are extremely common RNA viruses that spread mainly through the fecal-oral route. Overall, these agents cause millions of new infections per year worldwide (6). The enterovirus genus comprises over 100 antigenically different virus types (7). The single-stranded 7.5 kb RNA enteroviral genome encodes for capsid proteins and other proteins involved in viral infectivity and replication. Capsid proteins are highly variable among HEV species and types. Neutralizing antibodies raised against capsid proteins are highly type specific but may also cross-react with related types (8). So far, there are no means for preventing T1D. Sets of well-defined autoantibodies have a strong predictive value (9, 10), but the costbenefit ratio of periodical determinations appears not to justify screening programs at the population level. At the diagnosis of T1D, a small fraction Oscar Diaz-Hortaa,c, Andreina Baja, Giuseppe Maccaria, Alessandro Salvatonib and Antonio Tonioloa aDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; bDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; and cDepartment of Immunology and Genetics, National Institute of Endocrinology, Havana, Cuba


This paper addresses the linear propagation of an electron wave in a plasma whose distribution function, at zero order in the wave amplitude, may be chosen arbitrarily, provided that it is not strongly peaked at the wave phase velocity, and that it varies very little over one wave period and one wavelength. Then, from first principles is derived an equation for the wave action density that allows for Landau damping, whose rate is calculated at first order in the variations of the wave number and frequency. Moreover, the effect of collisions is accounted for in a way that adapts to any choice for the collision operator in Boltzmann equation. The wave may also be externally driven, so that the results presented here apply to stimulated Raman scattering.


A derivation is presented of the complete orthonormalized spectrum, under LSA/LSM (longitudinal-section electric/magnetic) assumptions, for image line waveguiding structures by using a so-called method of partial wave phase shifts. The analysis is developed for the even LSM (TM/sup y/) polarization, having H/sub y/=0 and E/sub y/ as the main electric field component: the LSE analysis proceeds along dual lines. An arbitrary radiation field is described as a superposition of the LSM and LSE continua. >


133Background: In 2016 ASCO updated its guideline for early integration of palliative care (PC) into standard oncologic care for all "inpatients and outpatients with advanced cancer." PC has been shown to improve quality of life, align care at the end of life with patient preferences, and reduce health-care utilization. In preparation for the expansion of our palliative care service into ambulatory disease-based practices at Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale-New Haven, we sought to create a decision support tool (DST) in the EPIC Electronic Health Record (EHR) that would identify patients for PC referral. Methods: This DST identifies patients with a GI or thoracic malignancy who have had an ICD-10 diagnosis of metastatic or stage IV disease, have not had a palliative care visit in the last 6 months, and are not enrolled in hospice. If the patient meets criteria, the DST will remind providers that "this patient meets ASCO and IOM criteria for concurrent palliative care with oncologic care " and offers a one-c...


Assessment of sleep-stage patterns and sleep disorders with the conventional sensor system uses many electrodes and straps to record the physiological body parameters. This causes inconvenience to the person who undergoes the sleep study. Thus a contactless measurement system would be ideal for measurement of body parameters for sleep-stage pattern analysis. We propose a contactless measurement system called Smart Bed, to detect heartbeat, breathing pattern and body movements using load sensors installed on four legs of the bed. This method uses cardio ballistic force near the thorax region when blood is being pumped out of heart by the left ventricle, known as Ballistocardiography, to measure a heartbeat. A slightly slower frequency variation in the same thorax region caused by breathing effect is measured to get respiration signal. The body movement patterns are also detected along with the other parameters. These parameters have direct influence on sleep disorders & sleep-stage patterns. Conventional sensors are used to correlate the accuracy of detected parameters from load sensors. The Smart Bed can be used in home environment for long term monitoring without any supervision from trained professionals.


In work studies of phase composition, hardness and density of materials based on AlMgB14 synthesized by hot pressing method at temperatures of 1300 and 1400 °C under pressure 50 MPa from aluminum, magnesium and boron powders (E1 mixture), as well as from original powder of aluminum-magnesium alloy (E2 mixture) were conducted. AlMgB14 phase content of obtained bulk samples is ~ 95 wt. %. The maximum hardness of 14GPa and density of 2.1 g/cm3, respectively, has a sample, marked as E1, synthesized at a temperature of 1400 °C.


Background: Mental disorders have been emerged as a major threat to human health. Covid pandemic causes fear globally and due to covid lockdown the people find themselves isolated in their homes due to which chances of developing psychological disorder have been increased in significant figures. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental state in which the patient originates compulsion of repetition of tasks due to uncontrolled thoughts and fears. In this study, we have tried evaluate the chances to develop OCD among the Indian population due to various factors associated with covid. Method: A set of questions are formatted to form a questionnaire. The questions related to impact of pre and post covid breakdown on the mental health of people and evaluated the frequency of developing OCD among population. The survey was conducting using digital online platform of "Google form" and "Google docs". Total 134 subject population was taken for the survey. Result: After evaluating responses, it was found that 43.2 c /o people still hesitate touching goods after lockdown while the frequency is 78.6c /o during lockdown, 18.2c /o people felt depression during lockdown and 0.8c /o people use hand sanitizer in more than 50 times a day frequency. 19.7c /o people lost their loved ones due to covid pandemic, 40c /o pharmacists lost their job due to covid. 78c /o people still prefer social distancing while in a public meeting with new people. Other frequencies in table 1 and 2 also supported that the chances of developing mental disorders such as OCD. Conclusion: Form the distribution analysis it was found that covid crises play a major role in developing various psychological disorders among population across worldwide. Due to lockdown imposed on the population globally the people feared more about covid pandemic and developed more precautions nature and behavior. Therefore, after descriptive analysis of the data collected in survey which is presented in table 1 and 2 it can be concluded that there is an increase chances of developing OCD and other mental disorder due to covid pandemic.


The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of Chinese customer coffee sought benefits on satisfaction with, and attachment and loyalty to Korean coffee shops. Based on a total of 200 samples obtained for empirical research from 10 Mar. to 25 July, 2015, of self-administrated questionaries completed by patrons in Beijing, Shanghai, Haerbin in China, data were analyzed forfrequency, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, it was found that Chinese customer sought pursuits (functional & experimental benefits, symbolic benefit) had an effect on satisfaction of Korea coffee shop. Second, satisfaction influenced Korean coffee shop attachment and loyalty. Third, Korean wave attitude had a mediating effect between satisfaction, attachment and loyalty. From the results, we can conclude following implications: First, by providing atmosphere of South Korea, menu, barista service, we can predict that Korean coffee brands can prevail in competition through active promotions of their brands. Second, Korean coffee brands can make a strategy that includes providing full service from trained South Korean baristas and hosting talk shows between baristas from South Korea. Third, providing the opportunity to visit South Korea for local cafe tours is a good social event. These results will help control marketing strategies in China. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.


In this paper, we describe a methodology of user computational modeling and our activity to use this model in the real-world situations. One promising approach to user modeling is the concept of a persona, which is a fictional image of user that contains not only his/her demographic information, but also deep information regarding his/her daily lifestyle, concerns, and other related factors. A persona is explained in a narrative story style, so it is not easy for computers to automatically construct a meaningful persona. In this paper, we show the data driven persona model which is made by combining probabilistic clustering method with Bayesian network. We also show implementation trials to use this user model.


A jack is a mechanical device used as a lifting device to lift heavy loads or apply
great forces. Jacks employ a screw thread or hydraulic cylinder to apply very high
linear forces. The most common car jack used is screw car jack. The significance
purpose of car jack modification is due to health risks especially back ache problems
associated with doing work in a bent or squatting position during changing tyres
process for a long period of time. With high-end technologies, an automatic car jack
should be produced to help reduce body fatigue that lead to health problems.
Conceptual automatic car jack can be developed by using total design approach
where Pugh's method is fully applied. This product development integrate with
market need, product specification, concept design and detail design comply with
each other. In this project, final conceptual design of car jack has been developed
using total design approach. The result of FEA analysis shows the upper part of the
car jack is in safety region. From these analyses, Von Mises Stress, Strain, Stress and
Displacement detail of the car jack is determined.


The dynamic changes of resin droplets and starch grains in resin duct cells at different developmental stages of resin duct of secondary xylem were studied by histochemistry.At the initial stages, few resin droplets and starch grains observed in the cytoplasm.At formative stages,the number of starch grains gradually increases while their volume enlarges.Resin droplets charge with a same trend.At the mature stage,the volume of starch grains obviously decreases,no great charge take places in the number of starch grains.The volume of resin droplets enlarges while the number decreases.


BACKGROUND
Lymphedema is an iatrogenic complication after breast cancer treatment in which lymph fluid in the affected limb progresses to fat deposition and fibrosis that are amenable to liposuction treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for lymphedema can differentiate fat tissue from fluid, but estimating relative volumes remains problematic.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Patients underwent routine bilateral arm MRI both before and after liposuction for advanced lymphedema. The threshold-based level set (TLS) segmentation method was applied to segment the geometric image data and to measure volumes of soft tissue (fat, muscle, and lymph fluid) and bone. Bioimpedance testing (L-Dex®) to detect extracellular fluid was also used. Volumes derived by using TLS or girth measurement were evaluated and showed consistent agreement, whereas L-Dex showed no significant reduction between pre- and postoperative measures. The percentage median volume difference between the affected and unaffected sides was 132.4% for girth measures compared with 137.2% for TLS (p = 0.175) preoperatively, and 99.8% and 98.5%, respectively (p = 0.600), postoperatively. MRI segmentation detected reductions in fat (median 52.6%, p = 0.0163) and lymph fluid (median 66%, p = 0.094), but the volumes of muscle and bone were relatively constant.

CONCLUSIONS
MRI imaging with TLS technology may be a useful tool to quantitatively measure fat tissue and fluid for patients with advanced lymphedema and may assist in the selection of eligible liposuction candidates at initial assessment and follow-up of patients who proceed with surgery.


Namdang Han Wonjin is the savant of Hohak (the school of Chungcheong-do Province) which genuinely inherited Neo-Confucianism of Giho (Chungcheong-do Province), the leader of the in-law government of the late Joseon period Han emphasized Hua-Yi distinction (Sino-barbarian dichotomy) and Cheoksa (the theory of rejecting heterodoxy) in particular. His ideology spreaded throughout Hongju culture area (South Western Chungcheong-do Province), and it had a great influence on the development of the Wijung Cheoksa (defending orthodoxy and rejecting heterodoxy) movement and the emergence of the righteous armies, or Uibyeong since the late 19th century, when the imperialist pillage moved into high gear with the western powers occupying Asia and forcing to open ports. As Han"s works on Neo-Confucianism affected the late Joseon period, Han's portrait is also noteworthy in that it delineates how Sim-ui Bok-geon (attired in formal Confucian dress, with a top for exalted personage and a formal bandana) portrait - the most beloved form of Yuhyeon (eminent Confuscian scholar) portraits, including those of Song Siyeol and Gwon Sangha - was inherited and proliferated since Neo-Confucianism became indigenous in the late Joseon era. The Sim-ui Bok-geon portrait of Han Wonjin was first drawn by Jin Eung-hoe in 1740, through the good offices of Han"s pupil Gim Geun-hang. Afterwards, in the late 18th century and the early 19th century, Han's students, admirers and descendants enshrined and revered his portraits in private, resulting in the diffusion of the paintings. Furthermore, the Confucians of the early 19th century proposed to build the shrines and private Confucian academies, or set up Han's memorial tablets and portraits in shrines and private academies of footholds, "where key figures of same school or Action with Han are enshrined. When both ethnic and national existence of the country was threatened by the invasion of the Western powers and the Empire of Japan since the late 19th century, Joseon shedded light on Han's ideology that emphasized Hua-Yi distinction and Cheoksa theory to uphold orthodoxy and eradicate heterodoxy,and also on his portraits as visual representation which symbolized his ideology. During its repeated succession and proliferation, Han's portrait was replicated in creative ways in order to enshrine the optimal form of the portrait according to each period. Not only the icon but even the appearance of the portrait were modified, but not to the extent of marring the original countenance. Contrary to the common misconstruction that the portrait of late Joseon period pursued "naturalistic realism" under the slogan "Ilho Bulsa (One different hair, whole different person)", the variations of Han's portraits demonstrate the "ideal realistic" tendency in the Joseon portrait, ameliorating the features not to such an extent that these alterations did not impair the essence of the model's appearance.


PPS/SiO2 composite was studied to enhance the thermal oxidation stability of PPS. In order to improve the dispersity of SiO2 in PPS matrix, the SiO2 was modified by silane coupling agent, KH-570. The fractured surface morphologies, thermal properties and rheological property of PPS/SiO2 composite were researched. The high thermal oxidation stability PPS/SiO2 fibers were prepared by melt spinning. The thermal ageing treatment was carried out, and the strength and retention strength, before and after ageing treatment, of two kinds of fibers (PPS fibers and PPS/SiO2 fibers) were compared. The results of SEM showed the good dispersity of the modified SiO2 in PPS matrix. After adding modified SiO2, the initial decomposition temperature increased. At the same time, the fiber strength and retention strength were improved, which can be found by comparing. Compared with pure PPS, after adding 1.0 wt%, which was proved to be the optimum dosage by the research, modified SiO2 into PPS, the initial decomposition temperature was increased by 15.3°C, the retention strength was increased from 60.3% to 85.1% after ageing treat.


Objectives: identify the incidence and characterize pressure injuries in an adult intensive care unit regarding the occurrence, locations and risk factors, and verify whether there is an association between these and the appearance of the injuries. Method: observational, cohort, prospective study, developed in an intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital, from October to December 2019. The population consists of adults on the first day of admission to the unit, without pressure injury at admission. Participants were monitored during hospitalization, sociodemographic and clinical variables, and risk assessment of developing a pressure injury, skin assessment and Braden scale were collected daily. Pearson's chi-square tests and student's t-test were used to assessing the relationship between variables and injuries. For the analyzes, a significance level (α) of 5% was considered. Results: 40 participants were included, 20% had pressure injuries with a predominance of stages 1 and 2; the main affected sites were the sacral region followed by the calcaneus. The average hospital stay was 23.38 days for the injured group and 5.77 days for the non-injured group; time showed a significant relationship with the appearance of lesions (p = 0.002). Conclusion: it was concluded that the most affected site was the sacral region and grade 1 was the most frequent staging; length of stay was the variable that influenced the appearance of injuries.


To test a simulation code,the multi-shell assemblies were established, which were made of beryllium,stainless steel and polyethylene from the interior to the outer.The symmetry axes are all in the line of the D~+ beam.The neutron energy spectra above 1 MeV were obtained in medium by the detector of stilbene crystal ofφ18 mm×20 mm.The distance between source and the spherical surface was 30 cm and 50 cm.The measurement channels are in the angle 0°and 120°relative to D~+ beam direction.The measurement positions are 0 cm, 9.7 cm,12.8 cm and 17.3 cm away from the center of the assembly in both directions. The spectrum in different positions of the multi-shell assemblies in medium were compared and analyzed.


This is not a sentimental book designed to warm the hearts of old grads, but it tells an important and useful story about people and programs that have had an impact on the world. -- Indiana Magazine of History


Landscaping project is a practical subject,and the maintenance and management is long-term and periodical.After planting,good maintenance and management is needed to ensure survival and healthy growth in order to achieve the effect of planning and design.The paper analyses the importance of maintenance and management and its characteristics,and according to the characteristics of different seasons in Beijing,the specific methods of maintenance and management are introduced.


The issues raised by the ASBM 2013 prescribers survey relate to the interchangeability of follow-on products. Dr Hans C Ebbers and Mr Paul Chamberlain in their review of the interchangeabilty of monoclonal antibodies present a somewhat opposing view. These authors suggest that 'it will be highly challenging to establish interchangeability' and 'question whether the 'higher' standard required for designation of interchangeability adds to the benefi t of patients'.


Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of Tc-99m pertechnetate planar, dual-phase MIBI and MIBI-SPECT images in the determination and localization of parathyroid lesions. Materials and Methods: In this study, 38 patients who underwent operation for primary hyperparathyroidism were included. Tc-99m pertechnetate planar-pinhole imaging of the neck and then MIBI planar and SPECT images in supine position was performed. Late SPECT images were acquired 120 minutes after the injection. Early and late MIBI images were quantitatively evaluated. Results: Of the 38 patients, 30 of them had adenoma, 2 patients had hyperplasia and 6 of them were normal on planar images. Thirty-four of 38 patients were positive on SPECT images. SPECT images of the patients with positive results were matched with pathology results. Conclusion: As a result, Tc-99m pertechnetate planar-pinhole, Tc-99m MIBI planar and SPECT images are useful for localization of parathyroid lesions especially in multinodular thyroid gland. However, US or CT images are necessary for more accurate localization and Tc-99m pertechnetate images are useful for interpreting and comparing with the early and late MIBI images.


PURPOSE: A device for generating the braille is provided to enable a blind person to read the braille without moving a finger by continuously generating and indicating the characters of a text document in a braille window and to transfer more information by linking with the network such as the Internet. CONSTITUTION: The device includes a text data input part(2) inputting the text document converted into the braille, and a phoneme separator(4) separating the phoneme of the text document inputted from the text data input part(2). Each phoneme separated by the phoneme separator(4) is converted into a Braille code by a braille coding part(6). The braille code data is displayed on a braille generator by a braille generator driving part(8). A controller(12) controls the phoneme separator(4), the braille coding part(6) and the braille generator driving part(8), and includes a key part(14) for controlling a function of the device.


Although reinforcement learning (RL) can provide reliable solutions in many settings, practitioners are often wary of the discrepancies between the RL solution and their status quo procedures. Therefore, they may be reluctant to adapt to the novel way of executing tasks proposed by RL. On the other hand, many real-world problems require relatively small adjustments from the status quo policies to achieve improved performance. Therefore, we propose a student-teacher RL mechanism in which the RL (the "student") learns to maximize its reward, subject to a constraint that bounds the difference between the RL policy and the "teacher" policy. The teacher can be another RL policy (e.g., trained under a slightly different setting), the status quo policy, or any other exogenous policy. We formulate this problem using a stochastic optimization model and solve it using a primal-dual policy gradient algorithm. We prove that the policy is asymptotically optimal. However, a naive implementation suffers from high variance and convergence to a stochastic optimal policy. With a few practical adjustments to address these issues, our numerical experiments confirm the effectiveness of our proposed method in multiple GridWorld scenarios.


Effective pain management in the perioperative period is important morally for the welfare of the animal, and also because it is likely to improve clinical outcomes. Pain is an emotional experience with multiple underlying physiological components and factors beyond traditional concepts of analgesia affect its severity. This article considers the techniques available to provide perioperative analgesia and how to best deploy them.


Procedural interface testing is a complex task since it requires in-depth knowledge in more than one domain. In particular, testing procedural interfaces (PI) to HDL simulators require knowledge of both programming and HDL modeling. This paper describes a methodology to automatically generate a test suite from a formal model specification of a HDL procedural interface. Since this test program is generated automatically from the formal model, it is correct by construction. Therefore an error encountered during the testing indicates either a problem in the PI implementation or in the formal model specification.


Control systems and other dynamic systems may lose stability at critical points from which bifurcations take place. However, due to the existence of small disturbances or imperfections, the dynamic behaviour of a system-in particular, the stability conditions-may change drastically. This paper is concerned with the imperfection sensitivity of dynamic bifurcations (degenerate or generalized Hopf bifurcations) arising in nonlinear autonomous systems. The analysis is carried out via the unijicalion technique coupled with the intrinsic harmonic balancing procedure. lt has been observed that the sensitivity properties associated with dynamic bifurcations are inherently different from those associated with static bifurcations. However, some similarities concerning the sensitivity curves do exist. A nonlinear feedback control system is analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the analytic results.


This paper discusses the performance of a single-phase induction motor drive under nominal load in a closed-loop vector-controlled system. The control strategy to be applied is known as indirect field oriented control. Single-phase induction motor when operating as two-phase motor has its dynamic performance increased. With the use of a standard three-phase voltage-source inverter, space vector pulse width modulation can be implemented. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the control system.


We discuss the proximate phases of a three-dimensional system with Dirac-like dispersion. Using the cubic lattice with plaquette $\ensuremath{\pi}$-flux as a model, we find, among other phases, a chiral topological insulator and singlet topological superconductor. While the former requires a special ``chiral'' symmetry, the latter is stable as long as time reversal and SU(2) spin rotation symmetry are present. These phases are characterized by stable surface Dirac fermion modes, and by an integer topological invariant in the bulk. The key features of these phases are readily understood in a two dimensional limit with an appropriate pairing of Dirac nodes between layers. This Dirac node-pairing picture is also shown to apply to ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ topological insulators protected by time-reversal symmetry. The nature of pointlike topological defects in these phases is also investigated, revealing an interesting duality relation between these topological phases and the Neel phase.


As a result of high cure rate and organs function presevved, the early diagnosis and treatment for malignancies have been paid more attention. In recent years,the microlaryngoscopic technique had created essential conditions to early diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment for early glottic cancer and vocal cord dysplasia.However at the moment,there is yet an enormous amount of confusion surrouding the concept as defined and management for early glottic cancer and vocal cord dysplasia.In this review,the clinical and pathologic diagnosis and results of the minimally invasive treatment for early glottic cancer and vocal cord dysplasia from 1986 to 1996 in China-Japan Friendship Hospital were investigated.


We have used the 8π spectrometer at the Chalk River TASCC facility to study superdeformed rotational bands in 146,147,148,149Gd. Various options are discussed for the occupation of single‐particle orbitals at 2:1 deformation. We address the related problem of spin assignments for superdeformed states, and present recent measurements of the relative population of superdeformed bands in 147Gd as a function of excitation energy.


Wireless sensor network WSN coverage completeness is an important quality of service QoS. It is frequently assumed that events occurring in the sensor field can always be detected. However, this is not necessarily the case, particularly if there are holes in the sensor network coverage. This paper introduces a novel centralised method for detection and relative localisation of WSN coverage holes in coordinate-free networks. We identify sensor nodes that surround or bound coverage holes, called 'hole boundary-nodes', by processing information embedded in a communication graph, which is non-planar in general. We create a hole-equivalent planar graph that has the same number and position of holes as the original sensor network graph while preserving the embedding. Finally, we build a plane simplicial complex, called maximal simplicial complex, which contains the information regarding coverage holes. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the proposed method and evaluate its accuracy and run time.


Optical and magneto-optical properties of Fe x Ag x superlattices with thickness (x) of 1, 2, and 3 atomic-layers were investigated from first-principles calculations by using full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method and Kubo formula. Based on the calculated optical conductivity tensors, the characteristic features in dielectric functions, refractive indexes, absorptions, electron loss functions, and magneto-optical constants in the Fe x Ag x superlattices were systematically elucidated. We found that the optical properties can be controlled by tuning the hybridization of d-orbitals between Fe and Ag due to changes in the thickness of superlattices.


A former Parisian courtesan, bare-back-rider, and polka dancer, Celeste de Chabrillan scandalized Melbourne when she arrived in 1854. Her vivid account of years spent in diplomatic circles and on the goldfields reveals her great energy and will.


~T~ HE placing of an elaborate irrigation system in a semiarid region already homesteaded by dry-land farmers in the American fashion creates a special problem in the study of pioneerbelt settlement. It is a special problem because of the tendency, on the one hand, to overestimate irrigation as an agency of change and, on the other, to minimize the vitality of a well established dry-land culture.


Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is an extremely rare and life-threatening disorder. Typical HUS is often caused by Shiga toxin-positive Escherichia coli , while aHUS is caused by dysregulation of the alternative pathway of the complement system in association with genetic abnormalities or development of autoantibodies. Eculizumab, a humanized anti-complement 5 monoclonal antibody, is recommended for the treatment of aHUS, but its long-term safety and efficacy in pediatric patients remain under review. In this paper, we report a pediatric case of aHUS with anti-complement factor H autoantibodies, who was treated successfully with eculizumab.


Wisdom literature in the OT has two answers in the face of the increasing poverty of its time. The first is the encouragement to the poor to take responsibility for their situation and accept poverty as a consequence of sin and laziness. The second is an appeal to others to help the poor as God's creatures.


As a faculty member at a private university in Thailand, it is noticeable that the majority of doctoral students substantially delay writing their dissertation or drop out . It is to be emphasized that the program under discussion is a part - time program for students who work full - time with completion of their doctoral program scheduled over 3 to 5 years ( i . e . semesters 6 to 10 ). Discussions with colleagues and friends from other doctoral programs both in Thailand and abroad, reveal that it is common for such programs to have slow or a low completion rate .( Mournier and Tangchuang,2010 ).  A review of the literature confirms that low completion rates ( 30 %) are also common locally and internationally . ( Dunn, 2014, Marshall and Green 2007, Phillips and Pugh, 2000, Atkinson and Parry, 1997 ).  The purpose of this study is to identify ( through a review of the literature and through anecdotal evidence ) the nature of the problem; the impacts on the several parties involved and to propose an educational management solution to the problems of drop - out or delay completion of a PhD .


Poster: "ECR 2012 / B-0421 / Intra-arterial infusion of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells for critical limb ischaemia and foot ulcers safety and efficacy" by: "B. J. J. Abdullah, S. S. Dhillon, A. Das, A. C. Roslani; Kuala Lumpur/MY"


:This study concerns the melt-free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto high-density polyethylene (HDPE). We studied the effect of two initiators (tert-butyl cumyl peroxide and di-tert-butyl peroxide) onto HDPE. Crosslinking of polymer was observed in the presence of 0.3 wt % tert-butyl cumyl peroxide but not with 0.3 wt % di-tert-butyl peroxide. The grafting was carried out in a Brabender batch mixer at 190 °C. The grafting yield of GMA onto HDPE (determined by infrared spectrometry) is weak (<1 wt % for an initial concentration in monomer of 6 wt %). Moreover, it was noted that the degree of grafting did not vary with the concentration and the nature of peroxide used. To increase the grafting yield of GMA, we added to the HDPE/peroxide/GMA system an electron-donating monomer, such as styrene. Adding this comonomer multiplied the rate of grafted GMA 3- or 4-fold, resulting in a ratio [styrene]i/[GMA]i = 1 mol/mol with [GMA]i = 6 wt %. So, the copolymerization is favored compared with the homopolymerization. This kind of copolymer presenting reactive functions is very attractive in the field of compatibilizing immiscible polymers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 581–590, 2001


we have explored the sub-picosecond nonlinear response of metals in the extreme ultraviolet. Focusing high-fluence beams into submicrometric foils, we have shown how to exploit nonlinear optical effects for driving self-induced modulation of pulse spectra.


Polymer bound palladium (Pd) complex catalysts with grafting acrylonitrile on inorganic compound(MgO,Y-molecular sieve and SiO2) by pre-radiation method were studies.The palladium-grafting polymers have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectrscopy(XPS).It is indicated that peak width of C1s and O1s spectra of MgO-g-PAN-Pd(radiation-induced graft) is wider than that of MgO-PAN-Pd(chemical method) and Peak numbers of former are one more than later.According to the report in reference,this peak is attributed to -O-C group.Thus,the graft acrylonitrile on MgO may complete through oxygen atoms im MgO and β-carbon atoms in acrylonitrile.The polymer catalyst obtained by radiation grafting is a higher active hydrogenation catalyst for olefines and better antioxic than that of one obtained by chemical method,and it has selectivity for hydrogenation catalyst.


The aim of the article is to analyze the national identity of the Polish politicians active in a self-governing Galicia who were supporters of the so-called Austro-Polish solution. This political idea was based on a plan to reconstruct Polish sovereignty in cooperation with the Habsburg monarchy. The majority of followers of the Austro-Polish solution were members of one political party: the Cracow conservatives. After the outbreak of World War I the idea was promoted by the Supreme National Committee, an organization that was created as a political and logistic background of the Polish Legions, the semi-independent Polish troops that fought as a part of the Austro-Hungarian military.
The research is primarily focused on the question whether it is possible to describe the identity of these politicians as Polish or Austrian, or was it a kind of combination of the two? The paper analyzes the attitude of Wladyslaw Leopold Jaworski, Leon Bilinski and Michal Bobrzynski, three politicians who, between 1914 and 1918, played a crucial role in all attempts to realize and promote the Austro-Polish idea. Their dilemmas were precisely examined on the basis of memoires, speeches and historical studies as well as the archives. The author claims that the attitude of the three politicians towards the Austro-Hungarian Empire undoubtedly contained an emotional component. It means that describing these politicians as Austro-Polish patriots seems to be absolutely justified.


BACKGROUND
Genetic predisposition and ultraviolet (UV) exposure are the most important risk factors for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Recent reports have demonstrated an increasing incidence of BCC among younger patients. We investigated potential risk factors for sporadic BCC in a subset of young German patients.

METHODS
Twenty-five patients with BCC at the age of 19 to 40 years (mean 34.4 years) were included in the study. They were selected from a total of 2,058 patients who received surgical treatment for BCC between December 2004 and November 2008. Patients were contacted by telephone interview and asked about sun habits, associated medical conditions, and lifestyle-related variables. Data were compared with interview results from sex-, age- and skin type-matched controls.

RESULTS
We found 1.4% (29) of 2,058 BCC patients to be ≤40 years of age. Four patients had Gorlin-Goltz syndrome and were excluded from further analysis. Multivariate analysis showed tanning bed use (OR= 25.0; IC95%: 2.26-277.36) and smoking (OR=13.34; IC95%: 1.56-113.8) to be the most significant independent risk factors for BCC, while sunscreen use had a protective effect.

CONCLUSION
BCCs in young patients were only rarely related to hereditary syndromes, but were associated with environmental carcinogens, i.e. UV radiation and smoking.


To break the bottleneck of the financing for small and medium enterprises with hi-tech property, we can take the advantage of the available financing codes for the small and medium companies and hi-tech enterprises and industrial policy for environmental protection as well. Furthermore, we should develop our legal system of the financing for environmental protection, so as to guarantee the financing for the small and medium environmental enterprises with hi-tech property.


A pulsed ruby laser, equipped with a frequency‐doubling crystal, has been used to make two‐wavelength holographic interferograms of exploding‐wire events. For selected times after initiation, estimates of electron density have been made by noting the dependence of the phase index of refraction on wavelength. Once the electron contribution to refractivity is known, the heavy‐particle contribution to refractivity can be isolated. With an estimate of specific refractivity from oscillator strengths, the concentration of heavier particles has been calculated.


Abstract Background: Tubulointerstitial damage is a final common pathway of most renal diseases. Whether urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), a biomarker for renal tubular damage, is of prognostic value for clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients has not been well investigated. Methods: The uNGAL and proteinuria levels were measured among a cohort of 473 advanced CKD patients of various etiologies recruited during 2002–2009. Results: The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 32.3±22.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 with a urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) 680 (255–1248) mg/g and 132 (27.9%) participants had diabetes. The baseline uNGAL level was significantly associated with male gender, eGFR, UPCR, and hemoglobin. The hazard ratio (HR) of the highest uNGAL tertile for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was 3.44 (95% CI 1.47–8.06, p=0.004). With the adjustment of urine creatinine and urine protein, HR of the highest urine NGAL-to-creatinine ratio (UNCR) tertile and the highest urine NGAL-to-protein ratio (UNPR) tertile was 3.06 (95% CI 1.19–7.90, p=0.02) and 2.10 (95% CI 1.13–3.89, p=0.02), respectively. UNPR increased the prediction of survival model for ESRD. HR of the highest UNCR tertile and UNPR tertile for cardiovascular (CV) events was 2.21 (95% CI 0.81–5.98, p=0.08) and 2.79 (95% CI 1.25–6.26, p=0.01), respectively. None of these were associated with all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Elevated uNGAL in CKD patients is associated with risks for ESRD and probably CV events. UNPR could improve the prediction for ESRD.


The study focused on the income generation performance of MOSCAT Business Affairs Unit. It specifically aimed to study the income generation of the unit's on-farm and off-farm enterprises. The descriptive research design was used. The study showed that the administrators were perceived as to great extent performers in terms of their leadership capabilities. The respondents moderately agreed that they were committed to their present jobs and perceived that to a great extent the human, financial and physical resources were available for the unit's use. As to average annual income, the enterprises that were producing and offering more than one product, and have produced in bulk were expected to earn greater annual income. Almost all of the off-farm enterprises earn a positive return on investment from 2005 to 2009, while on-farm enterprises had both negative and positive ROI. The system factors identified had nothing to do with the ability of the unit to earn profit, which means that there are other factors that influenced profitability. The administrators considered Leadership as the best predictor of profitability, while the staff identified organizational commitment as its significant predictors. Keywords - Leadership, organizational commitment, resource management, income generation performance, profitability, on-farm enterprises and off-farm enterprises.


This article describes the conversion of the two-dimensional Primordial Particle System into a threedimensional model that exhibits comparable features. We present the transformed model here in the form of a pseudocode implementation and detail the modifications required for this conversion.


Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is widely used to simulate free surface flows. There are various interface tracking and capturing schemes available with this model. The explicit interface tracking scheme based on geometrical reconstruction of the interface is the most accurate but computationally expensive. On the other hand, there are interface capturing schemes based on algebraic formulation that are comparatively more diffusive but computationally less expensive. These interface capturing schemes can be used with implicit and explicit volume fraction formulations. For industrial strength cases, the use of implicit schemes is increasing as it is a good compromise between speed and accuracy. In meshing such complex geometries, there is a tradeoff between the cell count and the quality of mesh. While resolving the key areas with good quality mesh and keeping the cell count within acceptable limit, sometimes quality of mesh in certain regions suffers. Such regions may contain highly skewed cells, cells with high aspect ratio or high cell-jumps. Such mesh can have issues in convergence, worsen the issue of interfacial diffusion and lead to inaccurate results. In the present work, two numerical treatments called interfacial anti-diffusion and poor mesh numerics are developed and implemented in ANSYS Fluent R16. Interfacial anti-diffusion treatment helps reduce the numerical diffusion and sharpen the interface. Poor mesh numerics treatment identifies cells with bad quality and applies appropriate numerical treatment to help stability and convergence. Results of test cases and an industrial strength case are reported with and without these treatments. It is shown that using these treatment results in improvement of stability and accuracy. For the industrial strength case, the results are in good agreement with the experimental data.


This volume offers a new and detailed look at the 'golden age' of American philosophy. Its focus is upon the activities of the American philosophical associations - the Western Philosophical Association and the American Philosophical Association - that were founded at the beginning of the twentieth century and that merged in to the present APA in 1927.


This systematic review with meta‐analysis aimed to determine the effects of exercise and motor training on the performance of balance‐related activities and falls in people with Parkinson's disease. Sixteen randomized and quasi‐randomized controlled trials that assessed the efficacy of exercise and/or motor training against no intervention or placebo intervention were included. The primary outcome measures were balance‐related activity performance (15 trials) and falls (2 trials). The pooled estimate of the effect of exercise and motor training indicated significantly improved balance‐related activity performance (Hedges' g, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.11–0.55; P = .003), but there was no evidence of an effect on the proportion of fallers (risk ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–1.58, P = .94). Balance‐related activity performance improved to a greater extent in the trials of programs involving highly challenging balance training, but the difference in effect sizes was not statistically significant (P = .166). Exercise and motor training can improve the performance of balance‐related activities in people with Parkinson's disease. However, further research is required to determine if falls can be prevented in this population. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society


The article is devoted to one of the most important aspects of psychological and pedagogical support of the process of educating younger schoolchildren, namely, the formation of an emotional component in the structure of a developing personality. Emotional responsiveness of children, its content and features of manifestation depend on many factors and conditions, among which a special place is occupied by the emotional intelligence of the teacher as the central subject of educational activity, managing and controlling the entire course of pedagogical communication, which, in turn, affects the mental development, behavior and further socialization of students. The authors of the article, based on the results of an empirical study, analyze the psychological and pedagogical resources of the emotional intelligence of a teacher, whose creative and cognitive components directly and indirectly determine the ability of a younger student to empathy, empathy, responsiveness, empathy.
In the proposed material, the emphasis is placed on the fact that the emotional intelligence of a teacher is an active motivating condition for the personal development of schoolchildren, and therefore requires a deeper study in the context of education in the educational environment of the school.


Propylene epoxidation catalyzed by cuprous oxide in the presence of oxygen species is important in both technology and scientific fields, and the active species—lattice oxygen (O2–), adsorbed atomic oxygen (O–), or adsorbed molecular oxygen (O2–)—plays a significant role in the catalytic reaction. In the present work, the mechanism of propylene epoxidation and dehydrogenation on a Cu2O(111) facet with different oxygen species has been studied through density functional theory (DFT) calculations with a Hubbard U correction in detail. The whole reaction processes of propylene oxidation includes two different routes: allylic hydrogen stripping (AHS) reactions and propylene epoxidation reactions. Acrolein can be generated by two H-stripping reactions in the AHS path, and propylene oxide (PO) is formed through the oxametallacycle propylene (OMP) intermediate. The calculated results show that the adsorbed atomic oxygen (O–) is the most active oxygen species for the selective oxidation of propylene because it ha...