We use an $s{p}^{3}{d}^{5}{s}^{*}$ tight-binding model to investigate the electronic and optical properties of realistic site-controlled (111)-oriented InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots. Special attention is paid to the impact of random alloy fluctuations on several factors that determine the fine-structure splitting in these systems. Using a pure InAs/GaAs quantum dot as a reference system, we show that the combination of spin-orbit coupling and biaxial strain effects can lead to sizable spin-splitting effects in these systems. Then, a realistic alloyed InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot with 25% InAs content is studied. Our analysis reveals that the impact of random alloy fluctuations on the electronic and optical properties of (111)-oriented InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots reduces strongly as the lateral size of the dot increases and approaches realistic sizes. For instance the optical matrix element shows an almost vanishing anisotropy in the (111)-growth plane. Furthermore, conduction and valence band mixing effects in the system under consideration are strongly reduced compared to standard (100)-oriented InGaAs/GaAs systems. All these factors indicate a reduced fine-structure splitting in site-controlled (111)-oriented InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots. Thus, we conclude that quantum dots with realistic (50\char21{}80 nm) base length represent promising candidates for polarization-entangled-photon generation, consistent with recent experimental data.


Functional organization units of the cerebral cortex exist over a wide range of spatial scales, from local circuits to entire cortical areas. In the last decades, scale‐space representations of neuroimaging data suited to probe the multi‐scale nature of cortical functional organization have been introduced and methodologically elaborated. For this purpose, responses are statistically detected over a range of spatial scales using a family of Gaussian filters, with small filters being related to fine and large filters—to coarse spatial scales. The goal of the present study was to investigate the degree of variability of fMRI‐response patterns over a broad range of observation scales. To this aim, the same fMRI data set obtained from 18 subjects during a visuomotor task was analyzed with a range of filters from 4‐ to 16‐mm full width at half‐maximum (FWHM). We found substantial observation‐scale‐related variability. For example, using filter widths of 6‐ to 8‐mm FWHM, in the group‐level results, significant responses in the right secondary visual but not in the primary visual cortex were detected. However, when larger filters were used, the responses in the right primary visual cortex reached significance. Often, responses in probabilistically defined areas were significant when both small and large filters, but not intermediate filter widths were applied. This suggests that brain responses can be organized in local clusters of multiple distinct activation foci. Our findings illustrate the potential of multi‐scale fMRI analysis to reveal novel features in the spatial organization of human brain responses. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


An overview is taken of the modern process of strategic marketing planning. It is concluded that it is more appropriate for larger companies. Indeed, its very complexity, especially in relation to the marketing audit, can be a demotivator for small and medium enterprise (SME) managers. Such SMEs require a simpler tactically based methodology. Research was undertaken amongst a sample of SME managers and their prejudices against marketing planning processes were confirmed. They were also questioned in terms of what type of marketing planning structure would most suit SME needs. This resulted in a proposal for a new tactically based methodology, that has now been successfully trialled and applied in three dissimilar SMEs.


An important aspect of an Earth Systems Science Prediction Systems (ESSPS) is to describe and predict the behavior of contaminants in different environmental compartments following severe accidents at chemical and nuclear installations. Such an ESSPS could be designed as a platform allowing to integrate models describing atmospheric, hydrological, oceanographic processes, physical-chemical transformation of the pollutants in the environment, contamination of food chain, and finally the overall exposure of the population with harmful substances. Such a chain of connected simulation models needed to describe the consequences of severe accidents in the different phases of an emergency should use different input data ranging from real-time online meteorological to long-term numerical weather prediction or ocean data.

One example of an ESSPS is the Decision Support Systems JRODOS for off-site emergency management after nuclear emergencies. It integrates many different simulation models, real-time monitoring, regional GIS information, source term databases, and geospatial data for population and environmental characteristics.

The development of the system started in 1992 supported by European Commission’s RTD Framework programs. Attracting more and more end users, the technical basis of of the system had to be considerably improved. For this, Java has been selected as a high level software language suitable for development of distributed cross-platform enterprise quality applications. From the other hand, a great deal of scientific computational software is available only as C/C++/FORTRAN packages. Moreover, it is a common scenario when some outputs of model A should act as inputs of model B, but the two models do not share common exchange containers and/or are written in different programming languages.

To combine the flexibility of Java language and the speed and availability of scientific codes, and to be able to connect different computational codes into one chain of models, the notion of distributed wrapper objects (DWO) has been introduced. DWO provides logical, visual and technical means for the integration of computational models into the core of the system system, even if models and the system use different programming languages. The DWO technology allows various levels of interactivity including pull- and push driven chains, user interaction support, and sub-models calls. All the DWO data exchange is realized in memory and does not include IO disk operations, thus eliminating redundant reader/writer code and minimizing slow disk access. These features introduce more stability and performance of an ESSPS that is used for decision support.

The current status of the DWO realization in JRODOS is presented focusing on the added value compared to traditional integration of different simulation models into one system.


We present, in this paper, some epistemological positions about quantum non-locality. Each position attempts to resolve philosophic questions raised by QM nonlocality.


Abstract. Comparative data on the species composition and species saprobic indicators of the psammon ciliates from Sumgait coast of the Caspian Sea are given. Methods. "Alive" samples were collected using a small clean plastic wide mouth bottles. Further processing was carried out under laboratory conditions. Small quantities of soil were examined under a binocular microscope MBS-9 . Ciliates detected microvessel caught and fixed castors for further impregnation kinetoma silver nitrate (Chatton et Lwoff, 1930) or silver proteinate. To determine the keys for ciliates used Foyssner's major publications (Foissner et al., 1991, 1992, 1999) and "Free-living ciliates Atlas" (Alekperov, 2005). Results. We observed 75 species of ciliates during the studies, which species composition and distribution of the collection points are shown in table 1. Diagrams with average data were made relations groups psammophilous ciliates indicators saprobity different zones for each of the sites investigated Sumgait coast. Main conclusions. Environmental analysis using benthic ciliates indicators saprobity different zones showed that as expected, the industrial zone of Sumgayit coast coast, despite the decline in recent years, the total amount of pollution that is still highly contaminated portion of the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea.


The most plausible hypotheses explaining the breakthrough of our distant ancestors to articulate speech and consciousness include: rituals of solidarity (singing, grooming, facial expressions, gestures), the role of "labor", teaching children, changes in gender relations, recruiting (mobilization for collective action), laryngeal transformation, brain growth, mirror neurons, neuronal overlap; dominance of coalitions over loners, self-domestication, the need to coordinate decisions; joint intentionality, development of normativity. The concretization of the principle of "cultural drive" leads to the following concept: new environmental, social and communicative challenges and concerns lead to multiple trials; successful behavior is consolidated in group practices, mental structures of participants, and hereditary inclinations with multilevel selection and change of many generations. Overcoming the "language Rubicon" took place in several steps, or stages, in which the structures that have developed to provide concerns lead to new concerns that require new structures. Such concerns as pacifying social order in the group, signaling general discontent, coordinating actions, etc., the following structures emerged: egalitarian coalitions with collective practices of intimidation, sound signals uttered in unison, training and self-training, self-domestication, shared intentionality, and normative rituals. The most plausible versions supplement this concept. Сhoral singing as a ritual of solidarity promoted the ability to imitate and articulate. Mirror neurons and neural overlaps have played the role of providing mechanisms for imitation and association processes. The connection between "labor" and speech was complex and interdependent, mediated by normativity. Recruiting as signals of mobilization for collective action also made its contribution but only under the already established normative order. Social learning is in fact a special ritual of constant trial and adjustment which has grown out of a normative ritual. The establishment of a new order of sexual relations also played a role: under the prohibition of violence and rape it was necessary to involve partners. Speech replaced grooming, and those who spoke clearly, convincingly and/or sang beautifully received benefits in sexual selection. The totality of all these processes reinforced the concerns of mutual understanding which were provided by the rituals of naming with the following multiplication of protowords and further growth of linguistic complexity.


A resilient state estimation scheme for uniformly observable nonlinear systems, based on a method for local identification of sensor attacks, is presented. The estimation problem is combinatorial in nature, and so many methods require substantial computational and storage resources as the number of sensors increases. To reduce the complexity, the proposed method performs the attack identification with local subsets of the measurements, not with the set of all measurements. A condition for nonlinear attack identification is introduced as a relaxed version of existing redundant observability condition. It is shown that an attack identification can be performed even when the state cannot be recovered from the measurements. As a result, although a portion of measurements are compromised, they can be locally identified and excluded from the state estimation, and thus the true state can be recovered. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


After three decades, a Europe partitioned into two opposing blocs has become a fact of international life, a division that the principal states have "normalized." Yet this east-west division of Europe, which solidified in the postwar period, was desired by neither the Soviet Union, nor Britain, nor by the United States. For, if the Big Three agreed on any postwar aim at all, it was apart from the obvious desire to prevent a resurgence of an aggressive Germany their aim to prevent the realignment of Europe into rival or hostile coalitions. Such a realignment, the Big Three leaders believed, would repeat the doleful history of pre-1914 Europe and make a third world war probable, perhaps inevitable. Each member of the Big Three had, in addition, his own special reasons for opposing a postwar partition of Europe. Stalin feared the formation of a non-Soviet bloc in Europe, believing that such a bloc would spearhead a global, anti-Soviet, united front that would haunt the Kremlin even as the Allies waged war in close unity. Churchill feared a division of Europe that would leave Britain alone to face the USSR on the continent, or one that would grind Britain between the US and USSR and strip Britain of empire. Roosevelt feared that separate blocs would shatter the "One World" the global "Open Door" Washington believed essential for America's postwar prosperity. More immediately, he feared that US recognition or acquiescence in British recognition of the Soviet Union's frontiers of 1941 and other Soviet claims in eastern Europe would shatter America's unity-forvictory campaign and reinforce isolationist sentiments. These concerns shaped the attitude of the U.S. government towards spheres-of-influence agreements. What more certain way to split the world into hostile coalitions than divide Europe into separate spheres? Washington's opposition to such agreements respecting Europe stemmed largely from the assumption that spheres of influence were synonymous with hostile blocs. This assumption was


Phase Change Material (PCM) based products represent an emerging technology for the building sector. For their application in the building envelope, they are usually macro-encapsulated in plastic/metal containers or placed in bags/pouches that allow an easier and safer installation. Unfortunately, most of the product data on PCMs are obtained by means of the differential scanning calorimetry method (DSC) applied to bulk PCMs. This method, even though accurate, can lead to results that are not fully representative of the complex behavior of PCM-based products. The results of an experimental laboratory campaign, aimed at characterizing the thermal properties of a full-scale PCM product, are presented in this paper. Tests were carried out on a commercial macro-encapsulated PCM considering three different melting temperatures. The obtained results show that the overall equivalent thermal properties of the macro-encapsulated PCM products maybe somewhat different from those of bulk PCMs. In a second step, two PCM products were selected and applied to a parallel roof testing room system, directly exposed to the outdoor environment. The results of the monitoring of this system have demonstrated the effectiveness of PCMs in reducing the peak heat gains through the roof components by up to 48%. Nevertheless, by comparing the laboratory results with the monitored data, it was also possible to observe that the latent heat capacity of the PCM was never fully exploited. Thus, greater benefits could be achieved in different monitoring periods, or if a PCM with a lower melting temperature were adopted.


We have studied conditions for metaprote extraction from water solutions with pH indices 1 – 12.45. We have also established that metaprote is maximally extracted with chloroform with pH index 6.86 – 9.19, with chloroform-acetone mixture 9:1 with pH index 4.01 – 12.45. We have determined the probability of UV spectrophotometry application for detection and identification of metaprote in extracts. The results received are recommended for use in development of method of metaprote isolation from biological liquids and its detection and identification with UV spectrophotometry for chemical and toxicological analysis


Operational amplifiers require regulated positive and negative supplies which may often be more complex than the amplifier circuits. A simplified dual supply is described which possesses adequate regulation, and details of components and test data are given.


The negative active material, a negative electrode and a lithium secondary battery employing the same are disclosed. The negative active material includes an oxide containing a lithium alloy and a lithium coating can muljilreul.


Tourism industry has ushered in a new era of high-speed development since China's accession to the WTO.All regions compete with each other in their tourism development,promoting ever growing need and supply with huge economic and social benefit.The present tourism planning system in China is far from being adaptive to the need of tourism as an emerging industry as the tourism conceptive planning advances.The status of tourism industry has also ascended in the national economy.As such trend becomes obvious nationwide,planning on the industry is also pushed forward.Conceptive planning yielded from both urban and regional planning is introduced into the field of tourism planning and helps to shape new ideas in the industry design.We may call it "conceptive tourism planning".Newly emerged in the circle of tourism planning,it sucks needy nutrients from the urban planning and also manifests the characteristics of tourism.This concept uncovers the limit of tourism planning for the sake of tourism planning and enlightens a systematic thinking among people in the tourism career on the matter of tourism planning optimization.This article,based on predecessors' research and the author's own knowledge and practices,will define conceptive tourism planning as one pattern that borrows the designing idea from both urban and regional planning when it developed into a certain stage.This pattern is also granted with the special characteristics of the tourism planning itself.It is conducted from a macro perspective that is generally controlling,strategic,prospective,innovative and practical.It lays emphasis on both planning and research leaving space for future growth.It eyes on a macro thinking,intermediate orientation and micro guiding on the key issues in the area to be planned with special idea,focused theme,stage target and the controlling strategy based on comprehensive analysis on the background and development premises of the to-be-planned area and finally provides a strategic and conceptive planning in terms of the entire structure of the tourism development in areas to be planned in the future.


Promoting the excellent course construction of medical functional experiment is the only way for improving the teaching quality of experiment.We should understand and hold the connotation of excellent course to improve the teaching quality.We have to realize resource sharing,teaching and learning based on network should be put into practice as well.


Subgrades across arid and semi-arid region are known for its random swelling, with high plasticity due to moisture infiltration of the pavement structures. Subgrades materials are significantly influenced by the cahnges in degree of saturation, which is unavoidable. Studies in the past, have reported several positive results on the stabilization of expansive soils with additives like lime, cement, fly ash, etc. In this study, resilient performance of expansive subgrades treated with 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% of nanosized and activated fly ash (NFA and AFA) is presented. Series of cation exchange capacity tests, zero swelling tests (ZST) and resilient modulus (M_R ) tests were performed to study the effects of NFA and AFA on resilient modulus (M_R) and swelling index of the subgrades material respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests was conducted to evaluate the morphological changes in the subgrades, and compounds responsible for resilient strength development. The result showed that, NFA and AFA inclusions in the treatment of expansive subgrades caused an increase in resilient strength and decrease in swelling stress to a limiting stabilizer content of 0.5% and 1.0% beyond which, the resilient modulus values increased triggering a significant decrease in swelling stress. The test result revealed that the reduction was caused by the pozzolanic reaction between the stabilizers and available moisture required for full completion of pozzolanic process. Based on the test result, nano-fly ash exhibite high potential in improving resilient strength and reducing swelling stress to 58.7% and 63% respectively on the average compared to activated fly ash. This study suggest a feasible solution to improve the quality and performance of expansive subgrades.


In their article, the authors announce the discovery of a new fragment of the Hebrew Book of Ben Sira in the Cairo Genizah, in the Taylor-Schechter collection of the Cambridge University Library: T-S AS 118.78. The fragment is a part of ms. D. After a brief introduction, a critical edition of the text of the fragment is presented, including variant readings from parallel sources and notes to the text.


In the August 1988 issue, Quality Assurance and Utilization Review introduced a new series in this column concerning mandated health data disclosure. There are currently at least 26 states that have passed legislation mandating the disclosure of data concerning the delivery and financing of health care. Statemandated health data disclosure is intended to inform, contain costs, and improve quality, pursuant to states' authority to protect the &dquo;health, safety and morals of their citizenry,&dquo; as provided for in the U.S. Constitution.


This paper provides an overview of the code, JENRE, developed for the computational study of supersonic jet noise reduction under the ONR Jet Noise Reduction project and the NRL Base program on Priority Issues in Naval Air Propulsion. It also presents representative simulations conducted using the code and comparisons of the results of the simulations to experimental data. The JENRE code using the Monotonically Integrated Large Eddy Simulation (MILES) approach is shown to be able to accurately and efficiently simulate the supersonic flows and noise from nozzles representative of military aircraft jets. A key objective of the research effort to reduce the computing time by an order of magnitude has been achieved. The capability of the computations to accurately simulate various potential noise reduction concepts is also demonstrated. These two factors (speed and accuracy) enables the effective use of the JENRE code to investigate potential noise reduction technologies in a cost-effective and timely manner.


The non-linear beam dynamics of a circular accelerator, such as the Large Hadron Collider, can have a significant impact on its operation. In order to avoid limitations on the performance reach of the accelerator, and ensure machine protection, it is vital that the beam dynamics are well understood and controlled. This thesis presents the results of studies of non-linear beam dynamics undertaken on the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, during the 2010 to 2013 period. It sets out to quantify the understanding of the non-linear beam dynamics through the comparison of beam-based measurements to simulation, and where able and appropriate seeks to explain deviations of measurement from the model, and define corrections for relevant aspects of the dynamics. The analyses presented in this thesis represent considerable advances in the understanding of the LHC beam dynamics which should allow for an improved operation of the machine in the coming years.


Abstract:  Propylaea japonica is an important predatory insect of common cotton pests. To assess the ecological effects of transgenic Bt cotton, expressing Cry1Ac toxin, on this predator, we examined the life history parameters of P. japonica for two generations by feeding them with Bt‐resistant Helicoverpa armigera. After ingesting Bt‐treated Bt‐resistant H. armigera larvae in the third and fourth instar, the body mass and body length of adult P. japonica decreased, a combined effect of poor prey quality and Cry1Ac Bt‐toxin may account for these effects. However, larval survivorship and development in these two instars, pupal mortality, fecundity and adult longevity of P. japonica were not affected in both the generations. These results suggest that ingesting Bt‐toxin Cry1Ac‐treated pests in advanced larval stage might have no significant effect on the fitness of predator P. japonica.


The increase of medical cost,which can be attributed to many factors,is inevitable in the world.The establishment of scientific payment means is the linchpin to controlling the irrational increase of medical expenditure.This article analyzes why the current payment means fails to control the irrational increase and approaches the restrict factors against the reform of current payment means and the corresponding strategies.


This article discusses possible challenges and potentials in the use of digital geomedia in the context of written and oral argumentation in higher education by examining the perspectives of students and lecturers, especially for the subjects of geography in general and primary school science. To this end, potentials and challenges, as well as competences that have to be promoted among pupils and students in dealing with digital geomedia in the context of written and oral argumentation are first discussed. In the following, we present the results of a mixed methods approach in which we surveyed student teachers with a questionnaire (n = 150) on the one hand and, on the other hand, reflected their view of the issue by analysing qualitative expert interviews (n = 17) with lecturers who teach at the same universities in the corresponding degree programmes. In this way we contextualise the student's self-assessment in the respective location's teacher training. Our results show that there is a high degree of commonality between lecturers and students with regard to the importance of argumentation with digital geomedia. At the same time, the assessment of the students' abilities differs greatly; most students feel capable of dealing with these topics, while lecturers see deficits here.


In view of the deficiency of the traditional education mode of passive acceptance of students in college classrooms, this paper introduces OBE teaching concept and PBL teaching method. On the basis of understanding the current and future professional development needs, the teaching design is conducive to the cultivation of students' ability. Through the determination of training goals, the teaching goals is set and the PBL discussion based on practical engineering problems is introduced. The new teaching method can not only cover the teaching knowledge points, but also mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of students, which is conducive to the cultivation of students' cooperative ability and innovation ability, and achieve better teaching results.


On the restoration and reuse of the former Dominican convent of S. Maria sopra Minerva, Rome, for the Biblioteca della Camera dei Deputati. Includes chapters on the earlier architectural history and on the frescoes in the cloisters, by Francesco Allegrini and others. Appendix of documents, 1237-1974.


This report includes an assessment of the network performance in terms of lost observing time for the 2012 calendar year. Overall, the observing time loss was about 12.3%, which is in-line with previous years. A table of relative incidence of problems with various subsystems is presented. The most significant identified causes of loss were electronics rack problems (accounting for about 21.8% of losses), antenna reliability (18.1%), RFI (11.8%), and receiver problems (11.7%). About 14.2% of the losses occurred for unknown reasons. New antennas are under development in the USA, Germany, and Spain. There are plans for new telescopes in Norway and Sweden. Other activities of the Network Coordinator are summarized.


Lworld is a computer graphics animation system based on L-systems, a parallel rewriting technique used primarily in computer graphics for plant modeling. Because rule-based programming is a powerful technique, we use it as a basis for a general-purpose animation system called Lworld (LSystem world). We describe the architecture, the features, and the programming language of the animation system. Examples of fractal curves, plants, fractal landscapes, group animation, visualization, and evolutionary optimizations illustrate its capabilities. Lworld allows users to create real-time animations as well as raytraced image sequences for further movie production. It is freely available, and runs on PCs.


The article justifies the feasibility of attributing knowledge and emotional intelligence to the objects of administration in the management system. It characterizes the main functions of knowledge and emotions, which gives rise to determining their place in the system of general management functions. The work indicates that knowledge and emotional intelligence give new meaning to managerial and organizational activity, becoming both the subject's resource and management object. It develops the theoretical approach to displaying the contentfunctional form of manifestation of the knowledge and emotions' components in the general and personnel management systems. The article systematizes personnel management challenges that need to be addressed using emotional intelligence in managerial practice. It highlights and argues that knowledge and emotional management are concrete and entirely autonomous functions in the system of general management functions, however, they share some common characteristics which qualitatively deepen their semantic content. The study compiles common characteristics of knowledge and emotional management and extracts specific challenges of each. It notes that the common denominator of knowledge management and emotional management is the human factor that prejudges both the unity of the aim of achieving the competitive advantage and succeeding and the choice of motivational methods regarding the interest which is the best incentive for each individual. Therefore, the higher management task is to find the common interest that would correspond to the organizational mission and facilitate the fulfillment of every person's needs and wishes. The article points out that not only the stimulative factor but also self-management are important as the high level of awareness of the need for individual development and acquisition of professional and emotional competency. Consequently, the interaction of both factors leads to the synergetic effect of accumulating intellectual and social capital. The article indicates that in the context of emotional management, emotional activity is, in the first place, aimed at the optimization of an organization's emotional atmosphere, which is one of the manager's responsibilities and one of the main competencies. It marks the important role of emotional management in the knowledge community due to the combination of group intelligence, collective thinking and organizational knowledge, and the combination of human intellectual and emotional maturity.


It is pointed out that the model order selection criterion proposed is not applicable in all cases for which Davison's model simplification technique can be employed. A modification of the criterion is proposed to improve its applicability.


In a recent discussion in my Party Branch on the class nature of the spate of school shootings in the USA over the last few years, it was pointed out that a prevalence of guns in a community does not necessarily mean a prevalence of shootings. (Shootings of people, that is. It generally means the wildlife will be pretty well massacred.)


Abstract The increase in urbanization and climate change brings new challenges to the cities' sustainability and resilience, mainly related to flood and drought events. Among these challenges, it can be highlighted the physical and health damage to the population, interruption of water, energy and food supply services, damage to basic infrastructure, economic losses and contamination of urban rivers. To contribute to the increase of resilience in urban centers, LID practices have been used as a new approach of mitigation and adaptation within urban drainage systems, aiming at runoff retention, peak flow attenuation, pollutant removal and ecosystem services restoration (e.g., resources recycling, carbon sequestration, thermal comfort and landscape integration). These different mitigation purposes and complementary benefits provided by LID practices can be related to the different Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) presented by the United Nations (UN), to achieve countries' systemic sustainability. The identification of local techniques that contribute to the different SDG helps to achieve their territorialization and application as public policy. Therefore, this paper presents a literature review, categorizing the studies into different generations based on their main application purpose and presents a linkage of the LID benefits to different SDG. Some challenges were identified requiring further investigation, such as the need to identify and quantify the energy demands for LID practices maintenance and their incorporation in the system final energy balance, identification of processes that contribute to carbon sequestration and emission, and risks of emerging pollutants for human health from water reuse and nutrient cycling for sustainable agriculture. Graphical abstract


Treating leachate is one of the most important challenges in designing and operating a sanitary landfill. Anaerobic treatment u-sing a mixture of leachate and domestic sewage represents a suitable treatment option having good potential applicability in developing countries. The influence of adding leachate from a domestic sanitary landfill on the anaerobic biodegradability of domestic sewage has been evaluated in this paper. Five samples were evaluated for the study: 100% domestic sewage (DS), 100% leachate (L) and three leachate mixtures (L) with domestic sewage (DS) as follows: 10%(L):90%(DS), 20%(L):80%(DS) and 30%(L):70%(DS). The samples anaerobic biodegradability was monitored for 30 days using methane production accumulation and variation in volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and composition. A detailed analysis of chemical oxygen demand (COD) composition was performed at the end of the monitoring period. The results of the study showed that a 10%(L):90%(DS) mixture provided the maximum leachate (L) domestic sewage (DS) combination mixture which could be anaerobically biodegradable with no significantly inhibitory effects. Mixtures using a higher percentage of leachate showed significantly potential inhibition effects on the anaerobic biodegradation of domestic sewage.


This paper presents the optimum design approach of the low speed, high torque permanent magnet motors. The approach is divided into two steps; the first step is a rough estimation of torque by linear analysis and the second is the optimization of motor configuration based on the non-linear FEM analysis. Under the restricted specifications of dimensions and electrical requirements, the 16-pole, 18-coil permanent magnet motor with 600 Nm, 300 rpm rating has been designed and constructed.


Freshly isolated rabbit popliteal lymph node cells synthesize and secrete principally immunoglobulin G (IgG) together with a relatively small amount of immunoglobulin M (IgM). After incubation of such cells in tissue culture for 48 hr, [3H]IgG production decreased markedly and approached zero, in most experiments. On the other hand, [3H]IgM production increased 5- to 10-fold. Thus, at 48 hr and thereafter τ;90% of the [3H]Ig was accounted for as [3H]IgM. In contrast, lymphoid cells derived from rabbit appendix do not show enhanced [3H]IgM production although such cells predominantly secrete [3H]IgM when freshly isolated and in decreasing amounts during tissue culture incubation. The enhanced [3H]IgM production observed with popliteal lymph node cells is dependent on the presence of fetal calf serum during tissue culture incubation. This requirement cannot be replaced by serum from the same rabbit that was the source of the cells and, indeed, such autologous serum in the presence of fetal calf serum inhibited enhanced [3H]IgM production. Serologic techniques, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Bio-Gel chromatography, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to distinguish IgM from the other classes of Ig. Fluorodeoxyuridine, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, abolished the emergence of enhanced [3H]IgM production when added to cells during the latent period, but the inhibitor was without effect on Ig secretion when incubated with cells after enhanced [3H]IgM production had already emerged. The results indicate that the cellular source for the enhanced IgM secretion cannot be the original IgG-secreting cells but may be derived from some of the original IgM secreting cells or, alternatively, may be derived from cells that are quiescent in the freshly isolated population.


In this paper, we investigate the approximations of stochastic \begin{document}$ p $\end{document} -Laplacian equation with additive white noise by a family of piecewise deterministic partial differential equations driven by a stationary stochastic process. We firstly obtain the tempered pullback attractors for the random \begin{document}$ p $\end{document} -Laplacian equation with a general diffusion. We secondly prove the convergence of solutions and the upper semi-continuity of pullback attractors of the Wong-Zakai approximation equations in a Hilbert space for the additive case. Thirdly, by a truncation technique, the uniform compactness of pullback attractor with respect to the quantity of approximations is derived in the space of \begin{document}$ q $\end{document} -times integrable functions, where the upper semi-continuity of the attractors of the approximation equations is well established.


THIS exceedingly rare condition has been variously designated as agenesis of high or low degree, aplasia, absence or defect in whole or in part of either lung, the choice of a descriptive term having depended largely upon whether or not a rudimentary bronchus or aplastic lung could be demonstrated. Accordingly, in 1912, Schneider (1) proposed a classification of pulmonary anomalies of this type upon that basis. Although it occurs most commonly in newborn infants, many of them non-viable, since duration of life is in such case very brief, the anomaly has been encountered in individuals ranging in age from eight to seventy years. In fact, Heerup (2), in 1927, reported a case in a woman of 72, believed to have been the oldest patient with the condition thus far observed. The left side especially is affected, according to an analysis of 22 cases conducted by Levy (3), in the proportion of approximately two to one, a preference which cannot be accounted for on anatomical grounds. Except for one instance of bil...


With pot experiment,the effects of different soil water at 3 levels of W1、W2、W3 and two Zn solution(Z0、Z1) on the leaf potential,photosynthetic characteristics,transpiration efficiency of tomato fruit were studied.The results indicated that tomato leaf potential increased with the increase of soil water,leaf potential of W3 was-1.52 MPa at 12:00 in the midday of fine day.The LAI、photosynthetic rate、transpiration efficiency and stomatal conductance of W3 were 25.7%,10.0%、19.6%,4.2%、20.7%,9.3%、26.6%,15.8% higher than W1 、W2.Spraying Zn on leaves improves the photosynthetic rate、transpiration rate and stomatal conductance differently,that is 9.1%,2.9%,7.3% higher in treatment of W2.The transpiration efficiency of the plants increased efficiently with the improvement of soil water,spraying Zn on leaves increased transpiration efficiency efficiently in the treatment of W1 and W2.


Dear Sir: EEG provides a very reliable prognostic tool in comatose patients. Several years ago I devised a comprehensive EEG coma scale in adults.'.'This coma scale is based on the traditional five abnormality grades as defined in Hockaday et a13 and in Prior's text.' The basic five EEG grades in coma are illustrated in Figure 1. Recently I have lectured at Clinics of Neurosciences in the USA, Great Britain and Europe, and my grading system was very well received. However, I have been asked two important questions. First, are there any additional EEG abnormalities that should be included in the complex revised grading scale? Yes, there are. After having studied all available literature and reading EEGs in coma in 4.000 cases, I found that two further EEG abnormalities should be included. First, Triphasic Waves, should be noted in EEG coma patterns. According to one excellent retrospective study, in coma they are associated with avery high mortality of approximately 77O/0.~ Second and more rare, bilateral PLEDs (Periodic Lateralized Epileptiform Dis-


The calculation of fluctuation corrections to the electromechanical coefficients of ferroelectrics is analyzed in a range of temperatures T close to the phase transition point T c . Special attention is concentrated on the striction and piezoelectric coefficients. The analysis is concerned with the «intrinsic» coefficients, i.e., those which are temperature-independent in the absence of nonlinear interactions. The corrections to the striction coefficients can have the following anomalies: g ∞ ln(T − T c ) −1/2 for a triaxial ferroelectric, g ∞ ln(T − T c ) for a uniaxial ferroelectric that does not exhibit piezoelectricity in its high-symmetry phase, and g ∞ (T − T c ) −1/2 in the presence of piezoelectricity. These anomalies occur for lower-order of nonlinearities


This paper deals with secular trend of height spanning 1979 to 2010 and also morphological growth patterns for Korean. It also investigates the comparison of the growth pattern between male and female based on the anthropometric data samples of KATS taken from the 1979 to 2010 surveys. The great rates of change in height occurred during 1979-1997 with 2-3 cm increase in both sexes at each surveys. After 1997 the change rate of height while increasing is remained within less than 1 cm till 2010 survey. This pattern is consistent with recent Korean cultural emphasis on health and physical fitness according to the economic development. The causes of the observed trends, insofar as they have been identified, are related to cultural processes.


It is a well-established fact that the age at which a girl should attain menarche is dependent not only on hormonal factors of that particular female but a number of genetic, nutritional as well as environmental factors play significant role in the age of onset of the event. Often in our clinical set-up, we observe the similar age of onset of menstruation among girls of the same family. Now in this crosssectional observational study with a study population of 260 pregnant women of varying age groups, we try to make an attempt to establish a relationship between the age at Menarche of this randomly selected study population with incidence of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension in the same population, though it is a well-known fact that all the three entity pregnancy induced hypertension, preeclampsia & eclampsia have a multi factorial etiology. It has been found out from the present study that there is a statistically significant association between menarche at an early age with occurrence of pregnancy induced hypertension especially in cases of the primigravida.


Chromosome counts from root tip cells showed 2n=33 for Hippeastrum equestre. This species therefore, is a natural aneuploid. The odd chromosome is not considered to be a B-chromosome. Its length differed from any of the other 16 homologues and its origin is not yet unravelled. Examination of PMC showed the presence of laggards and bridges at both AI and AII, typical of inversion material. Many PMGs produced more than 4 cells at the tetrad stage and this was reflected in the very low percentage (23%) of viable pollen grains. It would seem that Hippeastrum has not arisen by simple doubling of chromosome but additionally by some internal chromosome rearrangements like inversion. These factors have resulted in complete infertility and necessitated reproduction purely by vegetative means.


Some of the most notorious hacks during the past few years have been, and most likely will continue to be, perpetrated by a shadowy group of computer wizards known as Anonymous.


Inmate misconduct creates problems for other inmates as well as correctional staff. Most empirical assessments of the correlates of inmate misconduct have been conducted at the individual level; however, a facility's level of misconduct may be of equal importance to prison management and state officials because these numbers can reflect order, or lack thereof, within an institution. Prior prison research also has typically been cross-sectional and conducted at one time point. In this study, the relative contributions of facility-and state-level predictors of misconduct, considered elements of the social organization of a prison, are examined across two time points for 512 state-operated prisons housing adult men. Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings reveal that predictors such as the racial composition of the inmates and staff, measures of administrative control, and state-level factors have both static and dynamic effects on levels of violent misconduct.


We are pleased to present this special issue on recent doctoral research in Computer Science Education. Doctoral research in any field is important. Students gravitate toward the interesting or hot questions of the field, so a review of the latest theses gives one a sense for what the field is currently thinking hard about. Doctoral research in Computer Science Education is particularly noteworthy because so many of us are researcher-practitioners—we study our own classes, and we interleave research with our teaching. Doctoral students have the opportunity to be more reflective. The common theme in all four of these papers is the challenge of introducing computing and programming to new students. Two of the four papers grapple with the challenges of starting object-oriented programming. Ventura's paper looks at an innovative ''objects-first'' introductory course, and asks what the predictors for success are for students taking this course. Ragonis and Ben-Ari conduct a long-term, ethnographic analysis of high school students learning object-oriented programming for the first time in order to catalog the kinds of misconceptions encountered. The other two papers deal with more general issues of learning programming. Lane and VanLehn's paper uses a natural language tutoring system to get students to grapple with the planning processes of programming. Their results present some important strategies addressing the well-known problem of helping students compose their programs successfully. Postner and Stevens present a fascinating ethnographic analysis of where introductory computing students get help with their programming assignments—emphasizing the importance of peer-to-peer collaboration in the students' learning process. These four papers represent less than a quarter of the papers submitted by the newest researchers in our field. Their papers went through a rigorous double-round of review and revision. The result is a special issue with four interesting and challenging papers that contribute to our field. We are proud to present them.


A novel reversible data embedding scheme is proposed, which makes use of the repetitive pixels in a digital medical image to conceal information. The scheme doesn't need the binary location map that is often employed in many reversible data embedding schemes. Performing in the spatial domain without location map compression stage makes the proposed scheme very efficient. Most of information is embedded into the Region of Non-Interest (RONI) and few changes are made to the Region of Interest (ROI), so some preliminary diagnosis can be made without restoration of the original medical image. Experimental results show our scheme can achieve a high data-hiding capacity in many medical images.


This study conducts a performance analysis of a 20 MW grid-connected PV plant in desert climatic conditions. Energetic and exergetic analyses of the PV plant have been performed. The results show that the annual energy produced by the PV system was 35892.2 MWh, ranging between 2725.16 and 3447.54 MWh in July and March, respectively, which is close to the expected theoretical value of 36414 MWh. The annual average performance ratio of subsystems 1 and 2 and the PV plant are 72.6%, 70.83% and 71.71%, respectively. The annual average energy efficiency of subsystems 1 and 2 and the PV plant are 10.95%, 10.69% and 10.82%, respectively. The capture losses of the PV plant were higher and more than 1 h/d around the year. The annual monthly average exergy efficiency and thermal exergy were 4.96% and 5.32 MW, respectively. The decrease in exergy efficiency values was matched by an increase in the values of thermal exergy loss, solar radiation, wind speed, and ambient temperature, where the thermal exergy loss has the highest effect. Similarly, solar radiation is the most influential environmental parameter on thermal exergy loss, with a determination coefficient of 80%.


The effects of vortex generators, in the form of small delta-shaped tabs or thin tapes at an axi-symmetric supersonic nozzle exit, on the characteristics of supersonic jet flowfields are investigated by Schlieren images and Pitot-tube measurements. Small tabs as small as 1 % of the nozzle exit area can introduce streamwise vortices and produce a significant effect on the jet flowfield downstream of the nozzle. The effect is stronger for the cases of under-expanded jet than over- and perfect-expanded cases, introducing a larger flow entrainment. The effects of the angle of tabs with respect to the flow direction are also investigated, and for over-expanded jet cases, it is found that the tabs bended toward upstream can weaken the interaction strength and remove the Mach disc in the jet flowfield. Introduction of small proturbances inside the nozzle surface by attachment of thin tapes is also found to change the pressure distribution in the circumferential direction of the flowfield. Its effect is also found to be dependent on the jet expansion ratio.


33 Background: Anterior T wave inversion (ATWI) on an EKG in young white adults raises the 34 possibility of cardiomyopathy, specifically arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy 35 (ARVC). While the 2010 European consensus recommendations for EKG interpretation in young 36 athletes state that ATWI beyond V1 warrants further investigation, the prevalence and 37 significance of ATWI has never been reported in a large white asymptomatic population. 38 Objective : This study investigated the prevalence and significance of ATWI in a large cohort of 39 young, white adults including athletes. 40 Methods: 14,646 individuals aged 16-35 years were evaluated with a health questionnaire, 41 physical examination and 12-lead EKG, including 4,720 (32%) females and 2,958 (20%) 42 athletes. ATWI was defined as T wave inversion in ≥2 contiguous anterior leads (V1-V4) and 43 was investigated comprehensively to elucidate cardiac pathology. 44 Results: ATWI was detected in 338 (2.3%) individuals and was more common in females than 45 males (4.3% vs. 1.4%; p<0.0001), and among athletes compared with non-athletes (3.5% vs 46 2.0%; p<0.0001). TWI was predominantly confined to leads V1-V2 (77%). Only 1.2% of 47 females and 0.2% of males exhibited ATWI beyond V2. None of the individuals with ATWI 48 fulfilled diagnostic criteria for ARVC after further evaluation. During a mean follow-up period 49 of 23.1 ( ±12.2) months none of the individuals with ATWI experienced an adverse event. 50 Conclusions: Anterior T wave inversion confined to V1-V2 is a normal variant or physiological 51 phenomenon in asymptomatic white individuals without a relevant family history. Conversely, 52 ATWI beyond V2 is rare, particularly in males, and may warrant investigation. These results will 53 have a significant impact on EKG interpretation in young white adults. 54


This  study aimed to evaluate the effect on pregnancy rate in buffaloes submitted to FTAI with D22 protocol and use of 2.0 mL IM of BE with the intravaginal device P4 in resynchronization. The study was conducted in farms located in lowland area, the ebb station of the Amazon River in the state of Amapa . They used 96 multiparous buffalo, Murrah, kept on native pasture without mineral supplementation. The FTAI protocol was an intravaginal device introduction of P4 of first use (Primer®, Tecnopec, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and 2.0 mg BE (Sincrodiol®, Ouro Fino, Sao Paulo, Brazil), the D0 (zero-day) one afternoon. In D8 (day eight) also the afternoon, the removal of the device and application of 0.5 mg of PGF2a (Sincrocio®, Ouro Fino, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and 400 IU eCG (Synchro eCG®, Ouro Fino, Sao Paulo, Brazil). In D9 (ninth day) afternoon, was administered 1.0 mg BE and made two inseminations, the D10 (afternoon) and D11 (in the morning), 58 and 70 hours respectively after removal of the P4 device. In D22, after the first FTAI, intravaginal device was used to P4 (2nd use) and 2.0 mg BE IM. Eight days after, D30 was performed in the ultrasound diagnostic for pregnancy. In non-pregnant buffaloes was applied 0.5 mg of PGF2a and 400 IU eCG at D32 the second FTAI 54 and 70 hours after removal of the device. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used, adopting the significance level of 5%. The pregnancy rate of the first FTAI was 47.91% (46/96) a result satisfactory to the kind of extensive farming of this species in the region. The 2 mg dose of BE in the D22, despite being twice the recommended, did not interfere in pregnancy rate. However, the result was 12% resynchronization (6/50) (P < 0.05), which we attribute to the fact that the FTAI be performed only once, after the withdrawal of progesterone 50hs of second use. Studying the efficiency of the Protocol nelores tested cows D22 re-synch with 1.0 mg of BE, the authors obtained result of 53.0% of pregnancy in first FTAI and 38.9% in the second (GUERREIRO, Anais do XXIX SBTE, 273, 2015). Therefore the resynchronization in D22 with 2.0 mg of BE, can be a good alternative to management in the FTAI in buffaloes created extensively in lowland area.


As part of an ongoing effort to determine partition coefficients, D, for relevant planetary materials, we have determined Ds for REE and Sc, V, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Hf, Th, and U between fassaitic pyroxene and melt. We have focused on both equilibrium and kinetically controlled partitioning and the application of the data to the petrogenesis of angrites. We used the synthetic ADOR starting material studied by [1], which was doped with trace
elements at levels of 2 to 600 ppm The experiments were conducted in 1-atm, gas-mixing furnaces with the O fugacity fixed at 1.2 log units above the iron-wustite buffer.


A large number of wheel and rail profiles with different wear stages were tracked and measured using the wheel / rail profile admeasuring apparatus on DaTong-QinHuangdao heavy-haul line,and the models of C80 heavy-haul freight wagons were established with the multi-body dynamics software SIMPACK to analyze the influence of wheel / rail profiles on dynamics performance of the heavy-haul freight wagons. The results show that the dynamics indexes including stationarity and stability of the standard wheel profiles( i. e. LM) are the best. The indexes are gradually reduced with the abrasion of wheels. When passing the curve,the dynamic indexes of the wheel profiles in each stage reach the evaluation standard. With the abrasion of the wheel,the derailment coefficient and wheel unloading rate gradually decrease. With the abrasion of wheel / rail,the lateral force between the wheels and rails gradually decrease as well. The abrasion power for the standard profile LM and the profile of type II are smaller,and the abrasion rate of wheels and rails can be reduced relatively when wheels are matched with the worn rails in the stable stage.


WHEN ALLEN DRURY DIED LAS YEAR on his 80th birthday, the thoughts of editors and obituary writers naturally turned to Advise and Consent, the book that made him famous, that gave a memorable last film role to Charles Laughton, and that in many ways invented a genre in fiction. Henry Adams and John Dos Passos had written novels on politics in Washington. But the use of a racy intrigue, if possible involving both sex and foreign policy, is what characterizes the contemporary form. Forty years on, Advise and Consent is the only book of this genre that a literary-minded person really ought to read. Indeed, as Saturday Review noted in August 1959, "It may be a long time before a better one comes along." Forty years so far. The plot of Advise and Consent revolves around a showdown between the president of the United States and the senior senator from South Carolina, the memorable Seabright Cooley. They belong to opposing wings of the same party and disagree on most things, and specifically, in this case, the president's nomination of one Robert A. Leffingwell - slick, popular with the media, devious, liberal (he was played by Henry Fonda) - to be secretary of state. The president of the United States has the right - everyone in this book agrees - to his policies. But the Senate has the duty to protect the higher interests of the nation, in this case its basic security, since the nominee may be a communist and is certainly a liar. The first question is how the senators should use their prerogatives and their oversight responsibilities to block Leffingwell's nomination or so circumscribe him that he will be ineffectual if confirmed in the position. The next question is to what ruthlessly manipulative lengths the president and his allies are willing to go to get their man in. The final question is how much the men of character in the novel will grow from the awful dramas resulting from the confirmation fight - notably the rather bumbling vice-president, who will soon find himself, when the president dies, with the ultimate responsibility of facing down the Soviet Union. Loosely inspired by the Hiss case, the plot of Advise and Consent unfolds against the double background of nasty domestic politics and an ominous international situation. The story, set contemporaneously, was written in 1958 - Drury said he had started it several years before and returned to it - and published in 1959. The date is noteworthy, because it evokes a time when Washington really was a simpler place than it is today ("a sleepy southern town," the saying went). Also, the great political forces set in motion by the New Deal, regarding the power of the federal government in relation to the states, and the power of the executive in relation to the other branches, had not entirely resolved themselves. The immense power of the presidency was a fact, but it was not quite a custom yet. The Senate still had prestige, and Drury loved - and taught millions of readers to love - its grand traditions of oratory and parliamentary politics. These protected the states and the republic against the excesses of the executive's grasp for power. Drury understood perhaps as well as anyone in his time that executive power was corrupting, in the manner Lord Acton said it was. Transcending the immediate issue - whether the president should jeopardize national security by placing an appeaser, and possibly an agent, of the Soviet Union at the helm of American diplomacy when the Soviets (this too dates the story in the late 1950s) seemed to be pulling ahead of the U.S. in the arms race with the successful testing of a moon rocket - the question was whether the president should be able to run foreign policy without waiting for, as the Constitution has it, the Senate to Advise and Consent. This is a question, as the next decades would amply confirm, that transcended ideological or partisan differences, as every president, conservative or liberal, found himself in bitter disputes with the Senate over foreign policy questions. …


This study aims to examine the effect of the Altman (Z-Score) Revision model and the Springate (S-Score) model and determine the better and more precision model in predicting financial distress in the manufacturing company on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis technique used is logistic regression to prove the study hypothesis. Based on the results testing, can be concluded: 1) Altman Model (Z-Score) Revision :Working Capital to Total Asset, Retained Earning to Total Asset, and EBIT to Total Aset no effect on the Z-Score, while Book Value of Equity to Book Value of Debt and Sales to Total Asset affect the Z-Score. Overall variable factors model at Altman model revision simultaneously affect the Z-Score. 2) Springate Model (S-Score):  Working Capital to Total Asset and EBIT to Total Aset affect S-Score, while Earning Before Tax to Current Liabilities and Sales to Total Asset have no effect on the S-Score. All variables factors at Springate model simultaneously affect the S-Score. The conclusion, the better and more precision model in predicting financial distress based on the Nagelkerke R Square testing, is the Revised Altman (Z-Score) model with a value of 82.5%.


The authors discuss the significance of the electroluminescence vs. AC voltage characteristic of different polymer films prepared with metallic electrodes (PE, XLPE, polyethylene naphthalate-PEN, and PET).


Register file access falls on the critical path of a microprocessor because large heavily ported register files are used to exploit more parallelism. In this paper, we focus on reducing register file complexity by reducing the number of register file read ports. The goal of this paper is to explore the limits of read port reduction in a centralized integer register file i.e. how few read ports can be provided to a centralized integer register file, while still maintaining performance? A naïve port reduction may result in significant performance degradation and does not give a true measure of the limits, while clever techniques may be able to further reduce the number of ports. Hence, in this paper, we drastically reduce the number of ports and then investigate techniques to improve the performance of the reduced-ported register file. Our experiments show that the techniques allow further port reduction by improving the performance from reduced-ported RFs. For instance, with our experimental parameters, the naïve port reduction method requires at least five read ports to maintain a performance impact of less than 5%, whereas, our techniques require only three ports.


The Kagome antiferromagnet Mn3Sn has garnered much attention due to the presence of exciting properties such as anomalous Hall and Nernst effects. This paper discusses the synthesis of crystalline Mn3Sn thin films, prepared on Al2O3 (0001) substrates at 453±5°C using molecular beam epitaxy. The growth is monitored in situ using reflection high energy electron diffraction and measured ex situ using x-ray diffraction, Rutherford back-scattering, and cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy. Our analysis shows the in-plane lattice constants of a1,M=4.117±0.027 Å and a2,M=4.943±0.033 Å, which is a very unexpected result when compared to the bulk a-plane Mn3Sn. This indicates a strain in the film and makes it challenging to provide a straightforward explanation. In an effort to explain our results, we discuss two possible orientation relationships between the Mn3Sn films and the sapphire substrates. Samples prepared under these conditions appear to have smooth surfaces locally, but overall the film has a 3D island morphology. First-principles calculations provide atomic models of the Mn3Sn (112¯0) lattice on Al2O3 (0001) high symmetry sites, indicating that the L3-R90° is the most stable configuration. A detailed discussion of the experimental data and theoretical results, as well as strain effects, is provided.


Introduction: There is a great debate in the literature about the potential risks or benefi ts of TF introduction: There is a great debate in the literature about the potential risks and benefi ts of TF used in children and adolescents. Such activity, with heavy loads, has always been used over time in children and adolescents. Such activity, with heavy loads, has always been used as a sport, with higher incidence among young adult or middle-aged men. Presently, the scope also includes children and adolescents. Coupled with the new public target, there is also the concern about injuries and failure in the growth of children caused by high stress osteomioarticular loads through the TF in them. Methods: This is a literature review of the analytical type, which we use in national and international authors to discuss the benefi ts or harms of TF for the group in question. Objective: Bring scientifi c subsidies for the decision to use, or not to use, TF in children. Conclusion: Finally, it is possible to conclude that the TF, if well directed, does not bring any risk to the health or growth of children and adolescents.


Thank you very much for reading the transformation of wall street a history of the securities and exchange commission and modern corporate finance. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen novels like this the transformation of wall street a history of the securities and exchange commission and modern corporate finance, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.


The effect of pretilachlor on nitrate reductase activity and protein content in rice leaves and its relation to grain protein is reported. Pretilachlor @, 0.75 kg ha−1 led to an increase in nitrate reductase activity and protein content of rice leaves over the other treatments. In general, a positive correlation was observed between leaf nitrate reductase activity and grain protein content and leaf and grain protein contents.


Supply chain management has emerged as one of the major areas for companies to gain a competitive edge. Managing supply chains effectively is a complex and challenging task, due to the current business trends of expanding product variety, short product life cycle, increasing outsourcing, globalization of businesses, and continuous advances in information technology. Because of shorter and shorter product life cycles, the pressure for dynamically adjusting and adapting a company?s supply chain strategy is mounting. In this project are compared two important companies :Zara and Benetton, a spanish and an italian one. These companies have different approaches that enable at the same result : satisfy customer?s demand. ECR is an important suggest to supply chain management that had produced substantial results in other industry and that can be adopted as well in the clothing industry.


In recent years, in order to alleviate the problem of the population structure imbalance brought by the family planning policy, and cause a series of social problems such as employment, pension, and state level proposes "the universal two-child policy", and increase the policy education and guidance efforts of the broad masses of the people. Under this background, family education has become a topic that many two-child families can hardly ignore. However, we find that the education of many two-child families is not successful, and there are many misunderstandings in real life. This paper discusses the misunderstandings and improvement strategies of family education under "the universal two-child policy" background, and hope the theoretical research can help high quality and efficient promotion of family education.


Motivation of this study is development of environmentally conscious machining technologies with minimal lubrication. Besides experimental research, simulation techniques are available to predict scalar, vector and tensor fields of physical quantities, and their evolution during the process of metal cutting. In this paper results of numerical studies are demonstrated on how the temperature and stress state depends on time of machining in orthogonal metal cutting.


Introduction: Benign anastomosis strictures are frequently seen in anastomoses performed after upper gastrointestinal system resections. Although the first step in treatment is the preferred endoscopic procedures, surgical treatment is also an option. Mortality and morbidity of surgical treatment is at a very high rate compared to endoscopic approaches. Materials Methods: 523 surgical operations, which underwent UGI resection and anastomosis between 31 December 2014 and 31 December 2019 at the surgical oncology clinic, were retrospectively scanned from the hospital database. All patients were those who had surgery for malignancy. Results: The median age of the patients was 55 ± 12 (32-78) and 55% (n = 10) patients were male and 44% (n = 8) patients were female. When the patients were evaluated in terms of their current symptoms at the time of admission, the most common symptom was reported as dysphagia with 83% (n = 15) of the patients. 66% (n = 12) nausea was present. Original Research Article Erşen et al.; JAMMR, 33(1): 29-35, 2021; Article no.JAMMR.65048 30 Discussion: Indication should be selected by considering the indications in stent and balloon dilatation in anastomosis strictures. Balloon dilation can be considered as the main procedure. Stricturotomy, cauterization are also among the options of treatment. Endoscopic treatment can be done safely in qualified hands


Review on TTL (twelve-thirteen translocation leukemia), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.


The global second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic peaked in midJanuary 2021, and the spread of COVID-19 then increased again starting in March, cumulatively causing approximately 136 million cases and about 3 million deaths. This third wave of the pandemic has been continuing to spread throughout Europe and Southwest Asia. During and after the second wave of the pandemic, immunizations in Israel, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States of America significantly reduced deaths and incident cases [1,2]. In Israel, where 58.9% of the population received more than 10 million vaccinations using the Pfizer vaccine—allowing the population to reach the level of herd immunity in a specific group—the mortality rate was markedly reduced. On the one hand, this example provides a good model of a vaccination campaign, but on the other hand, imported South African variants have led to reinfections, and there is a cautious outlook regarding the possibility that the number of infections will increase due to fatigue with non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in the young [3]. In the United States of America, more than 189 million doses have been given, with 2-dose vaccinations covering over 74 million individuals, or 22.3% of the total population. However, since NPIs have been lifted in some states, cases seem to be on the rise once more. Owing to the incidence of unusual blood clot events, the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine was recently withdrawn for urgent use, but it still may be a successful and effective 1-shot vaccine. In the UK, about 48% of the population has been vaccinated at least once, and the number of cases and deaths has decreased. However, a recent report described deep vein thrombosis with thrombocytopenia linked to the AstraZeneca (AZ) COVID-19 vaccine. When the intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization rate was compared between individuals who received the AZ vaccine and a group without vaccination, the AZ vaccine group showed lesser favorable outcomes than the unvaccinated group with a low rate circulation of coronavirus (2 cases per 10,000); therefore, the AZ vaccine is currently not recommended for those under 30. Still, it seems to be a promising vaccine [4]. Chile has vaccinated 12 million people, and 39% of the population has been vaccinated more than once, but the incidence of cases and deaths remains high, unlike in other countries. Altogether, the uncertainty in the vaccine supply around the world, the hesitation about vaccination due to severe side effects, and the decrease in vaccine efficacy due to the spread of mutant strains mean that it may be difficult to return to normal daily life this year in USA [5,6]. What countermeasures can be taken by our country (the Republic of Korea) in this situation? First of all, we must rapidly increase the vaccination rate. Out of Korea's 79 million contracts for Received: April 15, 2021 Accepted: April 20, 2021


Hapalogenys mucronatus is a bottom associated fish generally found in warm temperate seas.It is mainly distributed in the western North Pacific Ocean,including the coasts of China,Korea,Japan and Philippines.As an excellent food fish,Hapalogenys mucronatus is highly valued in the local markets,and has a great potential for farm rearing and reproduction.To provide the genetic information of this species,the genetic diversity of 46 individuals from the wild stock of Hapalogenys mucronatus in Xiamen bay was investigated by using the inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) and randomly-amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) markers.Of the random primers screened,31 primers produced highly reproducible RAPD bands.A total of 235 discernible DNA fragments were detected,of which 106 being polymorphic.The percentage of polymorphic loci was 45.11% and Shannon′s index was 0.243 0.Of the primers screened,16 primers produced highly reproducible ISSR bands.A total of 119 discernible DNA fragments were detected,of which 76 being polymorphic.The percentage of polymorphic loci was 63.78% and Shannon′s index was 0.348 9.Compared with other fishes,the genetic diversity of H.mucronatus in Xiamen is above the middle level,with a higher genetic diversity.


We consider a thin oxide film on the surface of a molten metal during induction melting. The alternating electromagnetic field excites eddy currents in the metal volume, which heat it, and Lorentz force, which causes the forced convection of the melt, the heating and the flows in the metal are discussed briefly. The contribution to the mechanical stresses in the film that gives the alternating electromagnetic field, the thermal expansion of the film, and the melt motion are considered in detail. The equations system describing magnetic field diffusion, equations of motion and heat transfer in the melt are written in the axisymmetric formulation. The corresponding boundary conditions are described, the governing dimensionless criteria, which determine the structure and intensity of the melt flow, including those at the surface where the film is located, are given. The film elastic deformation equation is derived from Hooke's law and written in terms of displacement in dimensional and dimensionless forms. On the base of literature review, the values of physical characteristics of the film, which are not available for direct measurement, are proposed. The verification of the mathematical model is given. Possible flows in the melt are calculated, taking into account the action of dynamic and thermal action of the film on the surface. The unambiguous relation of the film stress state with these flows is shown. The influence of the magnetic field diffusion parameter and the Hartmann number, which determine, respectively, the structure and intensity of the forced flow, on the film deformations is demonstrated. The mode map of regimes is constructed that relates the integral deformation of the film to the parameters of the magnetic field and the initial size of the film. It is found that the situations are possible when the film in the stress-strain state does not change its total size and remains in stable equilibrium on the surface of the moving melt. Recommendations for the usage of the presented results are given.


Radioactive liquid waste tends to produce hydrogen as a result of the interaction of gamma radiation and water. In tanks containing organic chelating agents, additional hydrogen gas as well as nitrous oxide and ammonia can be produced by thermal and radiolytic decomposition of these organics. Several high-level radioactive liquid waste storage tanks, located underground at the Hanford Site, contain waste that retains the gases produced in them until large quantities are released rapidly to the tank vapor space. Tanks filled to near capacity have relatively little vapor space; therefore, if the waste suddenly releases a large amount of hydrogen and nitrous oxide, a flammable gas mixture may result. The most notable waste tank with a flammable gas problem is tank 241-SY-101. Waste in this tank has occasionally released enough flammable gas to burn if an ignition source had been present inside of the tank. Several other waste tanks exhibit similar behavior to a lesser magnitude. Administrative controls have been developed to assure that these Flammable Gas Watch List tanks are safely maintained. Responses have also been developed for off-normal conditions which might develop in these tanks. In addition, scientific and engineering studies are underway to further understand and mitigate themore » behavior of the Flammable Gas Watch List tanks.« less


question of the use of tamoxifen therapy in this group of patients. The survival advantage is approximately 4% at 10 years, but less than 50% of the patients are at risk at 10 years at the time of this article. It appears that at 8 years there is no survival advantage. Thus, it is conceivable that with further follow-up the survival advantage that is seen at 10 years may change. Furthermore, the subanalysis of women who are 50 years of age or older, and who represent the majority of the patients in the study, demonstrates that there is no survival advantage over the 10-year follow-up [Fig. 3 survival curveP 4 .13 (1)]. Are we to conclude that the use of tamoxifen in women greater than or equal to 50 years of age with node-negative estrogen receptor-positive operable breast cancer is not useful in prolonging survival or is it necessary that further follow-up be obtained to see the survival advantage? Although tamoxifen is a relatively benign form of treatment, there are side effects associated with it, including hot flashes and an increased incidence of thrombosis. Furthermore, many gynecologists, because of the increased risk of endometrial cancer, are performing routine endometrial biopsies that are quite painful for the patient. Thus, it is critical to know whether the use of this drug is truly improving the survival of such patients as reported in this study.


Metallic RF-Microwave components fabricated using additive manufacturing are continually being demonstrated as viable solutions in terms of cost and performance when compared to components fabricated by traditional methods such as machining. In this work, binder jetting is used to fabricate a Ka-Band pyramidal horn antenna, as a test structure to evaluate the performance of this metal 3D printing technology. The measured parameters (S11 and radiation pattern) have good agreement with the simulated ones. The measured return loss is >20 dB across the band. The simulated antenna gain is 8.43 dBi (at 26.5 GHz), and simulations show that the performance degradation due to the finite conductivity and surface roughness is less than 0.1 dBi.


The design and environmentally-safe synthesis of magnetically recoverable solid-supported metal nanoparticles with remarkable stability and catalytic performance has significant industrial importance. In the present study, we have developed an inexpensive bioinspired approach for assembling gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in magnetic chitosan network under green, mild and scalable condition. AuNPs were well loaded on the surface of the magnetic support due to the presence of hydroxyl (-OH) and amino (-NH2) groups in chitosan molecules that provided the driving force for the complexation reaction with the Au(III) ions. Reduction of the Au(III) to Au(0) is achieved by using Melicope ptelefolia aqueous leaf extract. The synthesized magnetic chitosan supported biosynthesized Au nanocatalyst was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen (CHN), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) analyses. FTIR spectrum of magnetic chitosan shows peaks at 1570 cm-1 indicative of N-H bending vibration and at 577 cm-1 which designates the Fe-O bond. CHN analytical data further supported the coating of chitosan onto the magnetite. TEM analysis shows an amorphous layer around the magnetite core which supported the coating of chitosan on the magnetite surface and the average particle size of AuNPs calculated was 7.34 ± 2.19 nm. XRD analysis shows six characteristics peaks for magnetite corresponding to lattice planes (220), (311), (400), (422), (511) and (440) in both the magnetite and magnetic chitosan samples (JCPDS file, PDF No. 65-3107). Meanwhile, XRD analysis of catalyst shows characteristic peaks of AuNPs at 2q (38.21°, 44.38°, 62.2°, 77.32° and 80.76°) are corresponding to (111), (200), (220), (311) and (222) lattice plane (JCPDS file, PDF No.04-0784). AAS analysis shows the loading of AuNPs as 5.4%. The rate constant achieved for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the presence of hydrazine hydrate using 10 mg of catalyst is 0.0046 s-1. The magnetic chitosan supported AuNPs is effective as catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol.


According to the current situations and development trends of higher vocational and technical education of our country at present, the discussion incorporates the necessity , feasibility and way to realize of the modeling content of mathematics in higher vocational and technical education.


The first section of this paper addresses the commonalities of terminology and legal interpretation. Since courts often grapple with the meaning of concepts, from a terminological perspective it is interesting to explore just how courts resolve the task of unravelling meaning. Our starting presumption is that terminology studies can prove useful in this respect and provide more clarity to the mysterious ways in which courts do things with words. The second section briefly maps out the discipline of terminology, outlining areas of interest for legal interpretation. The third section exemplifies legal interpretation by analyzing selected case law with a view to elucidating terminological implications of courts' interpretative methods and case-law reasoning. Finally, the fourth section reflects on the similarities between the terminological and the legal approach to the meaning of concepts.


Managerial decisions have certain aspects that are different from the analyzed perspective. From the point of view of human resources to be hired, the management of the entity takes decisions based on the amounts investes in resources and exploitation transactions as well as a proper financing mix. These are the reasons for which accuracy and the level of detail in information has to be at a higher level in order to support the business and it increase its value. The quality of decision-making is dependent to a large extent on the amount and quality of information upon which the decision is based on, which, once adopted is considered the most important process that takes place in the management of an entity. This, more so today, as IFRS generated changes in the conceptual sense of fundamental elements of financial reporting and results, as well as increased volatility of indicators results, leading to consolidation of the interest for information, analysis and decision making.


Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are designed to increase driver's situational awareness and road safety by providing essential information, warning and automatic intervention to reduce the possibility/severity of an accident. Of the various types of ADAS modalities available, camera based ADAS are being widely adopted for their usefulness in varied applications, overall reliability and adaptability to new requirements. But camera based ADAS also represents a complex, high-performance, and low-power compute problem, requiring specialized solutions. This paper introduces a high performance front camera ADAS based on a small area, low power System-on-Chip (SoC) solution from Texas Instruments called Texas Instruments Driver Assist 3x (TDA3x). The paper illustrates compute capabilities of the device in implementation of a typical front camera ADAS. The paper also introduces key programming concepts related to heterogeneous programmable compute cores in the SoC and the software framework to use those cores in order to develop the front camera solutions. These aspects will be of interest not only to the ADAS developers but for computer vision and compute intensive embedded system development.


Background & Objective: Prediction of preterm delivery can reduce a large number of its complications. The present study aimed to compare vaginal and plasma fibronectin concentrations in the diagnosis of preterm delivery.Materials & Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 105 women at 24-36 weeks of gestation. However, only 40 women gave permission to collect vaginal samples. Fibronectin concentration was measured using the ELISA technique. Then, plasma and vaginal fibronectin levels were compared in term and preterm deliveries.Results: The mean plasma fibronectin level was 6226.43±7174.97 ng/ml among the mothers with term infants and 7724.01±1143.82 ng/ml among those with preterm infants (p=0.667). The mean fetal fibronectin level was 156.61±126.42 ng/ml among the mothers with term infants and 127.71±43.14 ng/ml among those with preterm infants (p=0.241). The cut-off point of plasma fibronectin level was 1750 ng/ml with a sensitivity of 80.25% and specificity of 85.17%. Additionally, the cut-off point of vaginal fibronectin level was 158.98 ng/ml with a sensitivity of 94.62% and specificity of 22.08%.Conclusion: Plasma fibronectin analysis had lower sensitivity and higher specificity compared to vaginal fibronectin analysis. This implies that plasma testing has lower false-positive cases and can identify a more significant number of true positive cases of preterm delivery.


s from Reports ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BENGAL BRANCH OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE LEPROSY RELIEF ASSOCIATION FOR THE YEAR 1946 The main, activities of the Bengal Branch consist in carrying out surveys, doing leprosy propaganda, training medical officers in the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy, giving lecture-demonstrations in leprosy to the senior students of the medical institutions of the Province, and inspecting leprosy clinics run by the district boards, etc. The Bengal Government set up a Committee to report on the future organization of anti-leprosy work in Bengal, with the Director of Public Health as Chairman and Dr. Dharmendra as Secretary. The Committee considered the existing leprosy problem and anti-leprosy work in the Province, and made recommendations for the improvement and the extension of these activities. A summary of the recommendations of the Committee is given below :? 1. The Government should accept the principle that the control of leprosy in the Province is its direct


Three new species of the uncommonly encountered insect order Zoraptera are described and figured from Peninsular Malaysia--Zorotypus magnicaudelli sp. n., Zorotypus cervicornis sp. n., and Zorotypus impolitus sp. n. Another species from the region, identified as Zorotypus caudelli Karny, 1927, was also collected and is reevaluated herein based on new material. A brief discussion of characters used in zorapteran systematics is provided, and a key to the species of Peninsular Malaysia provided. This is the first report for the order Zoraptera from Peninsular Malaysia.


Today, the fanaticism of activists, the ambitions of elite political operatives, and the passive passions of an apolitical public combine to determine our nation's immigration policy.


Abstract : Flexural and direct stress low-cycle fatigue results for six materials are compared. The materials are HY-100 and HY-140 steels, Monel-400, cast and wrought 70-30 cupronickel, and Ni-Al bronze. It is concluded that the two methods of test give equivalent results within the life range investigated when correlated on a total strain range basis. Correlations based on nominal stress are not as good because of differences between the cyclic stress-strain relationships for the two types of tests.


A heat-treated AISI304 austenitic stainless steel has been studied in a 1N H 2 SO 4 + 0.2N NaCl solution at constant load and at room temperature and80°C. The SEM examination has been used to ascertain the morphology and evolution of attack, initiated at preformed pits having critical dimensions, owing to the effect of polarization in the imperfect passivity zone and subsequently, alternatively in the regions of perfect passivity, active-passive transition, activity and in freely-corroding conditions. Reverse and direct polarization sequences have been investigated. It has been observed that in some cases the integranular mode of attack changes to transgranular. In other cases it is intensified. While in yet others it is depressed. Attack that is initially transgranular cannot be modified to intergranular. With the methodologies applied it has been possible at will to induce the appearance of various stress-corrosion cracking forms or to ensure the degeneration thereof into other forms of attack.


Photothermal radiometry (PTR) is shown to yield optical absorption spectra in the visible region of untreated and strongly scattering material, using Nd2O3 powder, blood, and a green leaf as test samples. A conventional high pressure Xe lamp/monochromator combination was employed for illumination at power levels below 1 mW, with a PbSnTe infrared detector for recording the thermal reradiation. Calculated PTR signals and signal‐to‐noise ratios are found to compare well with those observed.


The objective of this article is to investigate the controlled release characteristics of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) loaded microspheres prepared from the blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and Pluronic F68/127 by the oil-in-water emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. Formulations were prepared by taking different ratios of individual polymer components to achieve a maximum 79% encapsulation and extending the release time up to 24 h. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) suggested reduction in crystallanity of PHB after blending with Pluronic F127. The absence of chemical interactions between 6-MP and the blend matrix was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, while the size of microspheres measured by optical microscopy ranged between 30 and 47 μm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline nature of 6-MP even after encapsulation and surface morphology of the microspheres was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro release of 6-MP at 37°C in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer media indicated a dependence on the composition of Pluronic in the blend. The release data have been fitted to empirical equations to understand the release profile of 6-MP. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40196.


The tempered fundamental group of a p-adic analytic space classifies coverings that are dominated by a topological covering (for the Berkovich topology) of a finite etale covering of the space. Here we construct cospecialization homomorphisms between (p') versions of the tempered fundamental groups of the fibers of a smooth family of curves with semistable reduction. To do so, we will translate our problem in terms of cospecialization morphisms of fundamental groups of the log fibers of the log reduction. In particular, we will have to study invariance of the geometric log fundamental group of saturated log smooth log schemes over a log point by change of log point.


Editor's note: MGMA-ACMPE strives to improve the payer-provider relationship through ongoing efforts, including discussions and meetings with the top national payers and engaging them in collaboration with other physician organizations. As part of this effort, the Association conducts an annual Payer Study, which explores member perceptions of payer interactions, sheds light on practical issues and provides a framework for improvement. We reached out to payers to gather information about issues critical to successful payer-provider partnerships. Their answers and feedback will be featured as a series of articles in upcoming issues of MGMA Connexion, and a deeper analysis will follow. This second installment of the series features Cigna.


Less than half of the problems that patients present to their GP can be understood in terms of recognised disease processes.1 The growing propensity to reward — and therefore preferentially place value on — the management of well-defined diseases only partially reflects the nature of what GPs do. Rewarding what can be easily measured has resulted in a number of significant changes to how GPs work: they have become more structured in the ways that they deliver care, more focused on the scientific evidence, and more willing to engage with systematic improvement interventions, such as guidelines, incentives, and performance management.2 It does, however, have unintended consequences that are beginning to have a negative impact on quality of care.

The problem is the failure to recognise the essential role of GPs in dealing with the large proportion of presentations that are uncertain, ambiguous, or frankly paradoxical. The complexity and multi-dimensionality of general practice has long been recognised3–6 and is enshrined in popular working definitions of the discipline.6 Nevertheless, the incentives to focus narrowly on technical dimensions of quality, such as clinical effectiveness, accessibility, safety, and efficiency, are becoming more pronounced. Even though GPs spend much of their time operating at the margins of well-defined problems, this role is too often regarded as discretionary. As a consequence it is being crowded out in a system that barely has the capacity to deliver the established 'must-dos'.

I am going to explore the importance of the role of the GP in dealing with uncertainty. Drawing on a case study I will illustrate how the problems that people present often operate at the boundaries between conventional categorisations;4 I will then suggest ways of improving the understanding and raising the profile of these activities so that their contribution to …


The terms solar heat gain coefficient, total solar energy transmittance or g-value are used to describe the same quantity of glazing. This paper describes testing this quantity for the centre of glazing in laboratory. Testing procedure involves two stages. The first stage is to measure the density of heat flow rate through glazing with solar radiance. So density of heat flow involves solar heat gain and thermal transmission. The second stage is to measure the density of heat flow rate through glazing without solar radiance. Only thermal transmittance is assumed. The solar heat gain coefficient measuring apparatus in this paper includes solar simulator, climatic chambers (hot-box) and metering box.


The purpose of the article is to conduct a historical and pedagogical analysis of the process of global digitalization of education, to determine the stages of this phenomenon, and to highlight the features of online learning. The objectives of the study are the analysis of sources on the digitalization of education, the definition of the "global digitalization of education" concept, the classification of the stages of this digitalization, and the definition of the main aspects of online learning. The methodology is the use of a comparative analysis of theoretical and practical sources of global digitalization of education. The lack of attention in modern research to the disclosure of the historical and pedagogical subject of this phenomenon was identified. The method of theoretical analysis was used to identify new realities in the educational process. The main aspects of the global digitalization of education were identified by applying the method of deduction and historical and pedagogical analysis. These aspects were classified to positive and negative lists by their impact on the participants of the educational process
The global digitalization of education is the technical and technological development of civilization, as a result of which there was a change in informational social development according to the scheme: informatization-digitalization-artificial intelligence. It led to the new forms of thinking and socialization of the individual in the digital educational environment.
The phasing is from the 60s of the last century and to the present, due to the rapid technological progress.


The existing results on the leader-following consensus problem for linear continuous-time multi-agent systems over jointly connected switching digraphs rely on the assumption that the system matrices do not have eigenvalues with positive real parts. In this paper, to remove this assumption, we first establish a stability result for a class of linear switched systems. Then, we show that the leader-following consensus problem for linear multi-agent systems with general system modes over jointly connected switching digraphs is solvable if the digraphs are acyclic. Moreover, the leader-following consensus can be achieved at a pre-assigned but arbitrarily fast convergence rate. A numerical example is provided to illustrate our design.