Cryogenic propellant combustion is investigated in this paper. It is shown that the mean e ame structure may be obtained by applying computerized tomography principles to oxygen‐ hydrogen (OH) emission images obtained from experiments on a shear coaxial injector. The data correspond to injection conditions typical of those found in rocket motors, but to lower operating pressures of 1, 5, and 10 bar. The transformed emission images yield the mean volumetric OH emission distribution. This quantity may be roughly interpreted as the mean volumetric rate of reaction. The data provide the location of the mean e ame zone and cone rm that stabilization takes place in the immediate vicinity of the injection plane. I. Introduction L IQUID oxygen ‐ gaseous hydrogen rocket engines have been used for a number of years because they yield the high specie c-impulse values needed in space propulsion applications. Cryogenic propellants thus diminish the cost per mass of payload in orbit, but pose specie c storage, handling, and operating problems. Current rocket motor design relies on extensive experience and technological expertise. The detailed processes involved in cyrogenic combustion are, however, not yet fully documented. An improved understanding of the mode of e ame stabilization and of the e ame structure in the near e eld of the injector head would be quite valuable. This information could be used to improve design methodologies and enhance reliability of operation. Such information would be useful for more accurate predictions of heat transfer rates to the engine walls. In this context, knowledge about whether the e ame is stabilized right on the injector lip or at a distance as a lifted e ame is of considerable interest. The stabilization region is specie cally investigated in this paper on the basis of experiments carried out on a cryogenic model scale combustor designated as Mascotte. This facility, operated by ONERA, is dedicated to basic research and technological studies. Data gathered at this facility include planar laser-induced e uorescence (LIF), planar laser light scattering, and emission imaging. Simultaneous recording of light elastic scattering and hydroxyl radical (OH) e uorescence images has allowed identie cation of the e ame stabilization. When the liquid oxygen (LOX) is injected by a central tube and is surrounded by an annulus of high-speed gaseous hydrogen, it is shown 1 that the e ame is established in the outer boundary of the LOX jet, where the hydrogen stream velocity is low. It is also found that the laser-induced OH ‐ e uorescence signal level remains in the same range over the zone visualized, with little change in the signal amplitude as a function of the axial distance. However, the emission images of the excited OH radical appear to yield a different picture of the e ame stabilization region. The emission amplitude is low close to the injector and increases rapidly at a distance. From these specie c features


The range of applications using microvibration isolation equipment is being extended to devices for which the influence of vibration had not previously been considered. As a representative example, the application of active microvibration isolation equipment using an air spring actuator, suitable for MRI and NMR that operate in a strong magnetic field, is examined. In order to be used in a strong magnetic field, the active microvibration isolation equipment needs to have an actuator made from a nonmagnetic material. The servo valve that controls the air pressure in the actuator, however, must be installed away from the strong magnetic field since it cannot be fabricated from a nonmagnetic material. This necessitates the use of a long air supply tube to connect the servo valve to the actuator. Since this long tube affects the actuator characteristics, adequate vibration isolation performance cannot be attained with a controller designed using the conventional equipment model. In this study, a new equipment model is proposed by analyzing the characteristics of the active microvibration isolation equipment, and the control system is designed for the model using the model matching technique. The equipment model and control technique are validated by simulation and experiment.


The concentrate of organic sulfur compounds is extracted from the Archangelsk oil in soft conditions by dimethylformamid. The structure of 60 individual organic sulfur compounds is established, nearby 70% from identified compounds are found out in оils for the first.


The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for detecting a trailer or Auflegers to a towing vehicle by means of a test signal which is passed from the tractor via an electric connecting line to a lighting function of the trailer or Auflegers in the off state, after which the current or the voltage of the test signal is measured in the light function, wherein when using a luminous body in the light function, which has a lower power consumption and a higher input impedance than a conventional incandescent lamp, a switched into the connecting line comparator circuit receives the voltage of the towing vehicle, and compares whether a test signal in the connecting line, or a power signal is present to the luminous element, wherein the comparator circuit derives the current flow over a short to ground when it detects a test signal, while it turns off the short-circuit at a power signal.


According to the problem of electronic jacquard in practical production,such as high energy consumption resulting in cost increase and low reliability of long distance transmission,a new electronic jacquard controller design method is introduced to reduce cost,improve efficiency and increase reliability of long distance transmission.The controller is based on MCU and modular design.In this controller,U-disk is used to store pattern files,and feedback-calibrated differential signals are used to drive solenoid value on needle -lifting mechanism.Keyboard and LCD provide a friendly interface for users.Meanwhile a design of signal transmission and drive based on optical fiber communication is introduced to lay a good foundation for electronic jacquard upgrade.In practical application, the controller has a good performance on stability,anti-electromagnetic interference and long distance transmission.With high cost-effective, the controller can reduce cost and increase revenue for small and medium textile enterprises.


Introduction. SMS neck syndrome is a problem that threatens the physical and mental health of modern mobile phone users. It is difficult for today's population to function without mobile devices, therefore the problem of using mobile phones concerns many aspects of a social, health and psychological nature. People who use phones excessively potentially increase the risk of developing musculoskeletal problems. Using smartphones contributes to incorrect body posture, which in turn causes neck and back pain. Objective. The aim of the study based on a literature review was to present the threats arising from the use of mobile phones, and to identify the main health problems of mobile

http://www.monz.pl/pdf-126848-54942?filename=Is the use of mobile.pdf


Another axiom has to be introduced to make the formalism given in Part I physically equivalent to the conventional Hilbert‐space formalism. Then it is shown that, given a certain fundamental set of observables, a B*‐algebra A can be built into which the set Ob of all bounded observables can be mapped injectively. The closure of the algebra generated by the image of Ob into A is A itself. A Hilbert space H exists into which the set O0 of all pure physical states can be mapped injectively. The closure of the subset of H which is the image of this mapping is H itself. The algebra A can be mapped in such a fashion into the C*‐algebra B(H) of all bounded observables that these mappings provide, essentially, just a translation of the original formalism in a Hilbert‐space formalism.


Decentralization in India has only recently gained momentum, particularly with the 73-super-rd and 74-super-th amendments in 1992, which extended constitutional recognition to local governments. Against this backdrop, this article examines the Leviathan hypothesis put forth by Brennan and Buchanan for the Indian economy. The hypothesis asserts that total government intrusion into the economy should be smaller when taxes and expenditure are decentralized. A caveat to the Leviathan hypothesis is the Collusion hypothesis, which suggests that the disciplining impact of decentralization can be nullified if revenue decentralization does not keep pace with expenditure decentralization and if there is an increase in dependence on intergovernmental grants. Empirical testing for the Indian federation vindicates both hypotheses, thus suggesting that a two-pronged strategy is required if government growth is to be checked. More effort must be made to strengthen local bodies. This must be accompanied by a close look at intergovernmental transfers and by an attempt to restrict their growth. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.


BF3/nano-sawdust was used as a readily available, inexpensive, biodegradable and environmentally benign heterogeneous solid acid catalyst for the one-pot cascade synthesis of highly functionalized dihydro-2-oxypyrroles. Four-component reactions (4CRs) of dialkylacetylenedicarboxylates, primary amines and aldehydes were used for the synthesis of these compounds under thermal conditions.


This work presents the results of investigations performed in order to determine the nature of structural transformations leading to the magnetic hardening. The observed changes of the parameters describing the magnetic properties (Br,Hc,(BH)max) and the results of the structural TEM examinations illustrate the dynamics of transformations


--MOOC is an ultimate way to give educational content in higher studies settings by providing good-quality educational material to the studentts throughout the world. If we take in the differences between traditional learning paradigm and MOOCs, a trend focusing on predicting and explaining dropping out of students and low completion rates in MOOCs has emerged. The quantity of students taking these courses is very high, still, the completion rate is very low. Factors affecting the completion of a course by a student such as interest in the subject, reason for taking the course, if the teacher is able properly make students understand or not. Nevertheless, because of varying problems specifications and evaluation metrics, undertaking a high level evaluation of state-of-the-art machine learning architectures isn't easy. This paper provides a complete rundownn of MOOCs student's dropout probability with the help of machine learning techniques. Moreover, we have highlyghted a few answers being used to solve the dropout problem, provide an examinationof the challenge of prediction models, and give some important overview and suggestions that may pave the way to develop useful ML solutions for overcoming the MOOCs dropout problem. Essentially, we got features from every learning behaviors and formed multi-view behavior features. Also, examining these features, we proposed a new multi-view semi-supervised learning model to use a large number of raw data to help inadequate labeled data to improve prediction. We have used KDD Cup 2015 dataset, from the results we see that our proposed model attains better prediction of a student leaving a course than state-of-the-art methods. Long Short-Term Memory neural network (LSTM) prediction model makes use of time-control units, the unit has the ability to model early learning behaveiour with varying time intervals. Formulated from the LSTM model, we designed time-controlled gates for capturing a good longand short term info and use the learning process info toget better forecast performance Keywords--MOOCs, Dropout Prediction, dropout problem, completion, Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM


ABSTRACT The effect of Nb and Cu on the microstructure and hardness of quenching–partitioning–tempering (Q–P–T) dual-phase steels was investigated. Nanostructured martensite and retained austenite were obtained when the steels were treated with a Q–P–T process. The hardness, volume fraction of retained austenite and final carbon content in austenite of the Nb + Cu-containing steel were higher than the Nb-containing steel. This was attributed to the promotion of Nb precipitation by the addition of Cu.


This study was conducted to clarify the dry matter production of grain sorghum and growing behavior with relation to planting rate and amount of fertilizer in order to obtain high grain yield. The hybrid variety, GS76Y was seeded on May 24 in 1972. The dry weight of each organ of plant was measured at intervals about 2 weeks apart ranging from the early stages of growth to ripening time. Irrigation was applied at half bloom stage. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The maximum rate of dry matter production was 42 g per m2 of field per day with the high planting density and heavy manuring plot during 14 days near heading date. In this period, mean daily solar radiation was 502 cal per cm2 of field and mean daily temparature was 28.4°C. 2. The mean maximum value of net assimilation rate in heavy manuring plots and in light manuring plots were 17.7 and 14.2 g per m2 of leaf area per day, respectively. The value of net assimilation rate was high at the early stages of plant growth and decreased with grow. 3. Grain yield was significantly varied with the planting density. The highest grain yield per are was 82 kg on the basis of dry matter. lt was obtained at planting densities of 25 and 40 plants per m2 of field on heavy manuring plots. 4. Total dry matter produced in ripening period ranged from 62 to 81 kg per are and was equivalent to above 90 percent of grain yield. 5. Dry matter production was depended largely upon leaf area before heading, and net assimilation rate after heading. The value of net assimilation rate during the ripening period decreased with higher leaf area index. However, in case 4 and beyond that of leaf area index, net assimilation rate was increased as the percent of nitrogen content of leaf blade, namely, there was positive correlation between net assimilation rate and percent of nitrogen content of leaf blade in the ripening period. 6. It was recognized that the number of grains per unit field was closely related to the amount of nitrogen absorption of top at heading date. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium absorption at ripening time were in the range of 17.8 to 25.1, 3 to 4 and 26 to 34 kg per 10 are, respectively.


Superconducting quantum interference devices (dc SQUIDs) were fabricated from high‐temperature superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 thin films, using nanobridges as weak links. The weak link behavior in these devices caused by coherent motion of vortices was observed for bridges with dimensions smaller than the effective penetration depth, which was approximately 400–600 nm for the films. The dc SQUIDs consisted of two parallel nanobridges with widths of 100–500 nm. The size of the SQUID hole ranged from 2×2 to 2×10 μm2. The SQUIDs were operated in the temperature range from liquid helium up to 85 K and showed voltage modulations as a function of an applied magnetic field. At 75 K peak‐to‐peak values of 15 μV were observed. The flux noise at 4.2 K was determined to be smaller than 8×10−5 φ0 /√Hz.


A physical map of Campylobacter upsaliensis ATCC 43954 was constructed from DNA fragments generated by Sall(5' GlTCGAC), Narl(5' GWCGCC) and BssHll (5' GKGCGC) restriction digests separated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The size of the C. upsaliensis genome was approximately 2000 kb, providing evidence of the largest Campylobacter genome sized to date. Twenty-one fragments created from these restriction digests were assembled into a physical map using a combination of complementary met hods including cross-Sout hern hybridization, hybridization fingerprint analysis and hybridization with homologous and heterologous (from Campylobacter jejuni) gene probes. The position of ten genetic loci, including that of the iron-uptake regulatory (fur) gene, were localized to the physical map. A genomic library of C. upsaliensis ATCC 43954 was constructed in lambda Gem-I1 vector. Fifty thousand recombinants with an average size of 16 kb represent a library about 200 times the size of the genome. Using C. jejuni DNA probes, clones representing C. upsaliensis flaA, fur and &sZ genes were isolated and localized to the physical map.


This paper examines the effects of continuous security monitoring on the security of electronic health records in Tanzanian public hospitals. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design and quantitative research approach using a sample of 300 respondents from the six public hospitals in Tanzania. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the main users of EHRs such as medical doctors, IT officers, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory technologists, record officers and administrative officers. A multiple linear regression model was used to evaluate the effects of continuous security monitoring on the security of electronic health records in Tanzanian public hospitals. The findings revealed that continuous security monitoring is a significant predictor of the security of electronic health records in Tanzanian public hospitals, (B= .509, p< 0.001). This implies that, continuous security monitoring explains 50.9% of the variance in security of electronic health records in Tanzanian public hospitals. Based on this finding, is recommended that, to enhance effective security controls in electronic health records, public hospitals in Tanzanian should consider the adoption of continuous security monitoring by making security controls more automated


Sample frequency distributions are given of height and weight measurements of London elementary school children made during the period 1935–8. In addition these measurements have been analysed in order to determine the seasonal fluctuation in rates of growth. The rate of increase in height appears to reach a maximum in the latter part of spring and a minimum in the middle of autumn. The rate of increase in weight appears to reach a maximum in the latter part of autumn and a minimum in the middle of spring. Tables and graphs are given showing, for each sex, the variation in the rates of growth throughout the calendar year. I wish to thank the County Medical Officer of Health, W. Allen Daley, M.D., F.R.C.P., for permission to publish this paper and for encouragement in its preparation; Mr L. Coward, F.I.A., and Mr E. Lewis Faning, Ph.D., for statistical criticism; and Mr J. H. Farrar for drawing the diagrams. The London County Council takes no responsibility for the views expressed in this paper which are personal only.


We present a deep learning-based framework to synthesize motion in-betweening in a two-stage manner. Given some context frames and a target frame, the system can generate plausible transitions with variable lengths in a non-autoregressive fashion. The framework consists of two Transformer Encoder-based networks operating in two stages: in the first stage a Context Transformer is designed to generate rough transitions based on the context and in the second stage a Detail Transformer is employed to refine motion details. Compared to existing Transformer-based methods which either use a complete Transformer Encoder-Decoder architecture or additional 1D convolutions to generate motion transitions, our framework achieves superior performance with less trainable parameters by only leveraging the Transformer Encoder and masked self-attention mechanism. To enhance the generalization of our transformer-based framework, we further introduce Keyframe Positional Encoding and Learned Relative Positional Encoding to make our method robust in synthesizing longer transitions exceeding the maximum transition length during training. Our framework is also artist-friendly by supporting full and partial pose constraints within the transition, giving artists fine control over the synthesized results. We benchmark our framework on the LAFAN1 dataset, and experiments show that our method outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods at a large margin (an average of 16% for normal-length sequences and 55% for excessive-length sequences). Our method trains faster than the RNN-based method and achieves a four-time speedup during inference. We implement our framework into a production-ready tool inside an animation authoring software and conduct a pilot study to validate the practical value of our method.


UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are important Phase II metabolizing enzymes. This enzymes can conjugate with a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. The UGT 1A family contains many isofroms. The polymorphism or varient of different isofroms may involve with many diseases and abnormal drug metabolism. Polymorphism of UGT1A1 (UGT1A1 *28) is associated with Gilbert's syndrome, a deficiency in glucuronidation of bilirubin leading to mild hyperbilirubinemia. While two missense mutations on one allele of UGT1A6 (UGT1A6*2) results in the lower glucuronidation rates of several drugs. Previous studies revealed that there is strong association of hyperbilirubinemia and gallstone formation in β -thalassemia/Hb E and sickle cell anemia patients with the number TA repeats in the promoter of the UGT 1A1 gene. This communication is a report of our preliminary data of genetic polymorphism of UGT 1A in 260 Thai β-thalassemia/Hb E and 163 African American sickle cell anemia patients. Genomic DNA was obtained by standard methods from peripheral blood leucocytes. The promoter region of UGT 1A1 and coding region of UGT 1A6 were sequenced by automated sequencing. The frequencies of the TA repeats 6/6, 6/7 and 7/7 at the promoter of UGT 1A1 gene in β-thalassemia/Hb E and sickle cell anemia patients were 0.711, 0.277, 0.011 and 0.251 ,0.313, 0.135, respectively. However none of the β-thalassemia/Hb E cases have the following genotypes; 5/6, 5/7 ,5/8, 6/8 and 7/8, while it was found in 28.8% of sickle cell anemia cases. Co-occurrence of UGT1A1*28 and UGT1A6*2 was found in both groups. Sixteen haplotypes were revealed including a haplotype consisting of allelic variants of all two isoforms. This preliminary data suggest that the polymorphism of drug metabolism enzyme gene may involve in the drug use, individualized medicine in Thai patients.


Leaders in education are the school and college heads and administrators who are considered to be as the backbone of the society. Good education is the product of good administration and the administration is not simply a managerial occupation. It demands new dimensions of knowledge, techniques and skills. Today administrators are confronting a variety of problems in their respective organizations. In the past, administrators could control and manipulate more readily because organizations were less complicated and environments were more stable but now many complex forces have emerged like continuous changes and leadership authenticity, so the administrators and organizations both are under security. The complex ABSTRACT


This paper presents an efficient and scalable framework called Reliable and Energy Efficient Framework (REEF) for reliable data collection in Wireless Sensor Networks. REEF employs a distributed scheme which enables it to scale to large networks. It partitions the network in to clusters where the node with highest residual energy in a neighborhood become the cluster head. REEF forms a virtual backbone connecting the cluster heads and the sink by selecting some nodes from each cluster as gateway nodes. Sensor nodes report sensed data to their respective cluster heads which use an outlier detection algorithm to detect faulty data. REEF significantly cuts down on energy consumption by ensuring that a large number of sensor nodes can go into a deep sleep mode, in which the radio as well as CPU are switched off, for a major part of their life time. Simulation results demonstrate that REEF uses as low as 50% of the energy for the same accuracy when compared to a recently proposed scheme based on passive listening.


In this paper, we propose a method for recognizing the human s emotion using output data of image and speech. The proposed method is based on the recognition rate of image and speech. In case that we use one data of image or speech, it is hard to produce the correct result by wrong recognition. To solve this problem, we propose the new method that can reduce the result of the wrong recognition by multiplying the emotion status with the higher recognition rate by the higher weight value. To experiment the proposed method, we suggest the simple recognizing method by using image and speech. Finally, we have shown the potentialities through the expriment.


The invention discloses a packing case paperboard slitting device, comprising a frame, a driving shaft, a motor, a cutting shaft, cutter heads, and limiting discs; the driving shaft is horizontally mounted on a lower portion of the frame by means of a bearing; the motor is fixedly mounted on a right side surface of the frame; an output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with a right end of the driving shaft; the cutting shaft is horizontally mounted on an upper portion of the frame by means of a bearing; a plurality of cutter heads are arranged uniformly and fixedly from left to right on the cutting shaft; a cutting edge of each cutter head is in contact with a circumferential surface of the driving shaft; the limiting discs are fixedly on left and right portions of the driving shaft, respectively, and all the cutter heads are positioned between the left and right limiting discs. The packing case paperboard slitting device has the advantages of convenience for use, labor saving, time saving, and the like.


Zhang Huangyan is a famous poet of late Ming dynasty.Although his remaining Ci are not much today,these Ci present his emotion truly.Some of his Ci are passionate,while others are depressing.His language is featured with its enrichment,refinement and elegance.


Ideas and discourses are back. During the last two decades, scholars frequently have argued that they are key variables in explaining political change. Despite his intense and well known "Americanization", Latin American political science has not had a similar ideational turn. In this context, discursive institutionalism, the latest of the "new institu tionalisms", must play an important role.


The specifics of the causal relationship between road accidents and the resulting negative consequences (serious harm to health, death of a person) have long remained debatable. Doctrinal approaches to the disclosure of causality in transport crimes seem in some cases too theorized or appear to be fragmentary special cases that are not part of a certain system. This situation is due to objective reasons, a variety of types of transport accidents associated with violation of traffic rules. Violations of security requirements by several persons are of increased interest. The law enforcement officer needs clear and applicable rules for assessing the causality of an accident. The analysis of law enforcement practice made it possible to assess the behavior of road users from the moment the danger occurred until the onset of an emergency, to determine the objective and subjective parameters of traffic that are causally related to the consequences that entail the onset of liability under Art. 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. When classifying the act in accordance with this regulatory provision, the analysis shall include not only the actions of the subjects who created a danger to traffic, but also those who have ignored the legal obligation to prevent the occurrence of negative consequences.


Objectives: Endoscopic medial maxillectomy has now become the gold standard surgical treatment
for the majority of inverted papillomas that involves the maxillary sinus. However, this approach sacrifi ces
the inferior turbinate which is responsible for conditioning of the nasal airfl ow. This study was done to
assess the effectiveness of preservation of inferior turbinate in endoscopic medial maxillectomy.


Therapeutic interventions induce cell stress to trigger apoptosis in tumor cells. Specific cellular stressors, including those initiated by radio-chemotherapy, activate distinct pro-death proteins through a multitude of mechanisms. Apoptosis consists of highly regulated pathways involving post-translational modifications and cleavage of proteins leading to sequential inactivation of the main cellular processes e.g. cell cycle progression. Recently, we demonstrated that apoptotic bodies/ApoEVs in GBM transfer spliceosomal machinery components to neighboring cells, which are subsequently internalized and confer survival advantage through changes in mRNA splicing. Following the validation of the role of RBM11, a spliceosomal component in the said intercellular communication, we extended our findings in the characterization of spatially distinct clonally derived sphere lines from tumor edge and core-located tissues from GBM patients. We analyzed the expression of spliceosomal genes in edge and core-derived clones and found spatially distinct splicing capabilities and that the genes that were affected by alternative splicing events in edge and core cells have different splicing of genes that are involved in ubiquitination and regulate cell cycle progression. Downstream analyses revealed that the most promising target is MDM2. Importantly, this gene regulates cell cycle via ubiquitination. Further, western blot revealed differential expression of both RBM11 and MDM2 in egde and core-derived clones.Collectively, the data so far provides motivation for the possibility of finding cellular vulnerabilities in the splicing machinery and thus actionable targets for intervention that accounts for the bearings of spatial heterogeneity.


Striking that perfect balance between career and family has always been a challenge for college level teachers. Our schedules are getting busier than ever before, which often causes our work or personal lives to suffer. Work-life balance involves juggling workplace stress with the daily pressures of family, friends, and self. Modern teachers demand greater control over their lives and a bigger say in the structure of their jobs. A high quality of Work life balance (WLB) is essential for all educational institution to continue, attract and retain teachers for a long tenure which will ensure the growth of any educational institution. When teachers feel a greater sense of control and ownership over their own lives, they tend to have better relationships with students, management and are able to leave work issues at work and home issues at home.


1. Introduction Sustainable Consumption: A Short List of Contradictions Part 1: Consumption: What Kind of a Problem for Sustainable Development? 2. Sustainable Household Consumption: Fact, Future or Fantasy? 3. Epistemological Approach of Consumption: How to Attribute Power to the Consumers? 4. Unsustainable Consumption in Social and Psychological Context 5. Sustainable Consumption and Sustainable Welfare 6. What's Wrong with Consumption: Overconsumption, Underconsumption, Misconsumption? 7. Consumption: A Field for Resistance and Moral Containment 8. Fair Trade and Economic Growth Part 2: Who Are the (Ir)responsible Consumers and Why? 9. Belgian Households and Sustainable Consumption: Capacity and Incapacity of Action 10. The Dynamic of Sustainable Consumption: Results of Qualitative Surveys 11. What Justifications for a Sustainable Consumption? 12. Consumption as a Solidarity-Based Commitment: The Case of Oxfam Worldshops' Customers Part 3: How Can (or do) Consumers and Citizens Influence Producers? 13. Marketing Ethical Products: What Can We Learn from Fair-Trade Consumer Behaviour in Belgium 14. Can Fair Trade be Extended to Massive Sales? 15. Impact of the Construction of Quality Networks at Farmer's Level: The Example of Fair Trade Cotton 16. Changing Companies for Changing the Consumer's Behaviour, Application of the Actionalist Theory


Ferric oxide synthesized through annealing route. The present research work deals with ferrite composite prepared using chemical reactions. Ferric nitrates and ammonium chloride doped with sisal fiber has been prepared. The structural behavior of aluminum oxide was studied in XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR & dielectric measurement. This behavior showed ferrite nature of the sample.


Seven combinations of NPK with P applied as P-32 tagged superphosphate were studied for their effect on yield and uptake of phosphorus by four rice varieties viz., CO. 33. CO. 34. CO.35 and Pusa 221. N: POs: KO ratio of 120: 60: 60 (2:1:1) appeared sufficient among the ratios tested for all the varieties studied.


One kind of water-based paint wall wallpaper, consisting of water, a dispersing agent, a mineral oil defoamers, biocides, coalescents, ethylene glycol, acrylic emulsion, pearl powder, anion powder, thickener, and large white powder. Advantage of the present invention is that: the wall wallpaper adding the aqueous anion powder coatings, clean air and played the role of sterilization, nontoxic; pearl powder by adding aqueous coating wallpaper wall may be arbitrary as required the aqueous coating color configuration; the use of the present invention is an aqueous coating and a mold wall wallpaper production, can be achieved not only beautify the environment, to reduce the felling of forest resources; wallpaper wall using the aqueous coating of the present invention, produced wallpaper low cost.


Noise is something which is unwanted. Today, the problem of noise has been increasing day by day. From taking household equipment's like music systems, washing machines to Transportation like AIRCRAFTS, noise pollution has reached its topmost level. The main purpose of this research is to review how noise can be suppressed in aircrafts. The main reasons which are producing noise in aircrafts are high turbulence structure created in the jet shear (aerodynamic noises), noises from the aircraft engines and various other mechanical noises. Here in this paper we will mainly focus on the noises generated by the aircraft engines. Various methods of suppressing this noise has also been discussed like: By changing the shape of the nozzle, larger bypass ratio, introduction of some special kind of liners and many more.


A design strategy that including N atoms, N-oxides, and nitro groups into a cage azaadamantane at the same time was used to design 10 polyazaoxyadamantanes (PAOAs) and eight polynitroazaoxyadamantanes (PNTAOAs). First, four stable azaadamantanes were built by replacing the tertiary C atoms of an adamantane with N atoms. Then, 10 PAOAs were designed by introducing one to four N-oxides into the four azaadamantanes. After that, eight PNTAOAs were formed when the H atoms of four N-oxide-substituted azaadamantanes were replaced with different numbers of nitro groups. Finally, their heats of formation, densities, detonation properties, and impact sensitivity were estimated by using density functional theory. Among the eight PNTAOAs, seven compounds had better detonation performances than CL-20, the outstanding, novel, high-energy, and relatively insensitive cage explosive. Two compounds had higher detonation performance and lower sensitivity than CL-20 and HMX, suggesting that their overall performances are out...


In this paper, the problem of predicting far fleld magnitude from near fleld measurements of an equipment under test (EUT) is studied. Firstly, a multiple magnetic dipole model is developed to simulate the magnetic behavior of the EUT. The parameters of the model (dipoles positions and magnetic moments) are calculated using the values of the near fleld applying the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. For the evaluation of the method, extended simulations were conducted, producing theoretical values and distorting them with noise, and then the developed algorithm was used to create the proper model. Finally, the theoretical results are compared to the fleld assessments the proper models produced.


Present communication deals with new distributional record of Indigofera prostrata Willdenow (Fabaceae) in Himachal Pradesh, India. Previously this species was considered under Indigofera trifoliata Linnaeus.


he Internet is a compelling channel for selling garments. Several recent initiatives by companies such as Nordstrom, Macy's, and Lands End focus on made-to-measure manufacturing and shopping via the Internet. Current Web technologies fuel these initiatives by providing an exciting and aesthetically pleasing interface to the general public. However, until now, such Web applications have supported only basic functions such as viewing apparel items in 2D or 3D, combining different items together, and mixing and matching colors and textures (and sometimes using a mannequin adjusted to the shopper's proportions). The most common problems customers experience when they try on the clothes are poor fit, an unpleasant feeling while wearing the item, and surprise at the gar-ment's color. As a result, high product return rates persist, and most consumers are still either hesitant to purchase garments online or are unsatisfied with their online shopping experience. 1 Here, we present a Web application that provides more powerful access to and manipulation of garments to facilitate garment design, pattern derivation, and sizing. (You can visit the virtual Try-On application at http://virtual-try-on.miralab.unige.ch.) We apply 3D graphics technology to help create and simulate the virtual store. In this article, we discuss various relevant research problems, the creation of the shopper's body and garments, simulation of body and garment movement , and online sizing. Our system supports many efficient and interactive operations such as automatically adjusting the 3D man-nequin according to the shopper's body measurement, selecting different garment items, online fitting and resizing of the garment to the mannequin, and simulating garment movement in real time. We ultimately hope to develop and integrate several key technologies into a distributed, interactive virtual clothing store where customers can choose garments, use 3D man-nequins that are adjusted to their body measurements, and receive assistance during their online purchase. An online clothing store designed as a Web application requires flexible manipulation, fast transmission, and efficient storage of the display content. In particular, because of the relatively huge database of garments and the simulation of complex graphical objects such as skin and cloth needed for such an application, the most critical limitation is the real-time performance constraint. When we simulate garment movement using a physics-based model, the results must be prerecorded to display the animated garment at an interactive rate because it's impossible to achieve real-time performance. 2 Although this approach simplifies the online computation , it requires us to transfer, …


On-line electric conductivity instrument was applied t o the measurement of rate constant of saponification for ethyl acetate.The exper imental data were dynamically collected and the curves of electric conductance v arying time were shown on the screen by means of on-line.This method has many a dvantages such as simple operation,etc..All of the experimental values were stor ed on the disk,and were output by a printer.The results of many examinations sho wed that this method of on-line,in the accuracy of measurement and the automate d degree,were more excellent than the one of conventional electric conductance.T he experimental results were in accordance with the reported one.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the existence of bias in beta values in the Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) that is a developing capital market and have a significant number of stocks that illiquid. Therefore, the measurement of beta is likely bias. The existence of bias beta values is caused by nonsynchronous trading. This study replicates the previous study from Hartono and Surianto (2000). It uses 88 samples of listing firms in the JSX from January 1997 until March 2002. The hypothesis testing concludes that during the-interval period beta values in the JSX are bias. The bias of beta values can be corrected with Scholes-Williams model, Dimson model, and Fowler-Rorke model. The Fowler-Rorke model gives the best result to reduce the bias than others.


This Note argues that, of the tests currently used by circuit courts to determine who constitutes an "employee" under the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Supreme Court should clarify that the totality of the circumstances test is most consistent with its decision in Walling v. Portland Terminal Co. This issue calls for clarity in light of the influx of litigation surrounding unpaid internships — most prominently, the recent decision in Glatt v. Fox Searchlight Pictures Inc. With this growth in litigation, employers and interns alike deserve a uniform approach in determining "employee" status under the Fair Labor Standards Act.


We introduce a facile and straightforward approach for the fabrication of uniform elastomer microcapsules with shells comprising a polyurethane thin elastomer membrane. Controlled adhesion of the inner and outer interfaces of the W/O/W double emulsion drops and consecutive polymerization of polyurethane precursors between the interfaces lead to the production of a mechanically resilient complex microshell.


Biochar is a relatively stable carboncious material converted from organic waste.Currently more and more attention and efforts are being given worldwide to development of technologies of converting agricultural waste into biochar and field experiments are being carried out on effect of its use on expansion of carbon pool in and mitigation of carbon emission from farm fields.A brief introduction is presented to the background of the development of biochar technologies as well as the progresses worldwide in the study on production and application of biochar.Meanwhile discussions are carried out on potential effects of the application of biochar on crop productivity and sequestration/release of carbon in agriculture and hence on climate change,and analyses are done on the possibility of including the use of biochar into the world C trade and the country's independent C emissions trading market.Eventually suggestions are brought forth for research on production and application of biochar in agriculture of the country.


This research aims to propose an innovative smart system we developed for early failure detection of Automatic Tool Change (ATC) systems. Input data is the system's tool magazine door open/close signals. Then, 41 indicators from 26 machines are obtained from statistics-based feature extraction methods. Under the guidance of predefined risk levels, nine high-ranking top level indicators are selected using correlation and regression analysis. In addition, some lightweight supervised learning algorithms are used to build and train the model to solve the classification problem of the system states, such as Normal, Caution, and Danger. The experimental results confirm that the high-ranking indicators can achieve the most prominent and stable performance under a series of tests. Under 10-fold cross-validation, the average accuracy is 89.43 %, which is 19~38 % higher than those of other feature groups. Among them, the Naive Bayes algorithm obtains the best accuracy of 94.2 %. This proves that the proposed smart system can effectively grasp the health status of the ATC systems.


Emotions are integral in conveying information in a particular context. For example, the most basic questions can have multiple answers, and the only way to pinpoint the correct answer for a particular question is by understanding the proper context behind it. Therefore, emotion detection plays a crucial part in a deeper understanding of the subject, whether in conversation or text. In this paper, the proposed approach EmoRoBERTa is an attempt to build a more robust emotion detection model, which can be implemented in various NLP tasks such as semantic and propaganda analysis, that involve the heavy usage of emotions. The approach involves combining a pretrained, fine-tuned RoBERTa model, and fitting it on a GoEmotions dataset, which includes twenty-seven different emotions and a neutral one, the most detailed taxonomy currently present. The model was then tested on three different emotion taxonomies and rendered desirable results, a higher MARCO-F1 score than the state-of-the-art model currently being used.


We propose an educational itinerary in which identify the different physical elements that make up the landscape to discover the existing interconnections among them and to perform a set interpretation. We will investigate furthermore in the role which, since last year till nowadays, man has played as a modifier of geographical space.


AbstractBackground: Physical restraints applied at psychiatric emergency services are infrequent but concerning. Such measures are deleterious to the health of the individual and to the working alliance that exists between the individual and service providers. Aims: To juxtapose service users' experiences of restraints at a psychiatric emergency service in Singapore with staff's intention. Methods: Three qualitative interviews were conducted over a year with 44 frequent service users to query their experiences with services. The views of 26 emergency department staff were also obtained. We took a descriptive phenomenological approach to analyse the data.Results: Sixteen of 44 frequent service users report being restrained at emergency services. Service users' experiences are incongruent with the staff's meaning of restraints, which relates to safety. The experience of being restrained began with confusion, followed by fear and irritation, ending with embarrassment. Importantly, these emotions were unaddressed during debriefing, when service users were released. Conclusions: Staff must be mindful that their actions are not perceived as intended. Additional staff training may help staff better understand the way in which service users perceive the phenomenon of restraint. De-escalation must not be done in a way that introduces anger into situations where it had previously been absent.


For comprehensive hazard assessment of environmental water samples with lower toxicity, simple bioassay using three human cell lines in combination with brief vacuum condensation have been developed. Based on the toxicity recovery test using 2 model compounds, it was shown that loss of the toxicity during the condensation process was negligible.Then this bioassay system has been applied to environmental water samples from Lake Kasumigaura, Ayase River and Shinano River. With the condensation process, the cytotoxicity of the samples can be detected much more sensitively. The samples from Lake Kasumigaura showed the highest cytotoxicity in August and showed spatial variations depending on sampling points. In case of river water samples, higher cytotoxicity was associated with higher osmolarity. No significant correlation between the cytotoxicity and water quality data except osmolarity was observed.These results indicate that this bioassay system is quite useful for toxicity assessment of environmental water with lower toxicity. However, to integrate this kind of indices in environmental management process, systematic and continuous accumulation of bioassay data on water samples with authentic water quality data must be essential.


It is an important task for the grass-root level organization construction of the Party to recruit Party members among college students. Recruitment of Party members among students calls for the emancipation of the mind, advancing with the times, advocating scientific views of quantity and quality and constructing a new platform for a harmonious unity of quantity and quality. Party construction workers should not only introduce students into the Party, but also control the quality of new recruits.


Statistical inference in communication research has been dominated by the frequentist theory of statistics for decades. The alternative Bayesian approach to statistical inference promises to give a more appropriate statistical answer by incorporating a prior state of scientific knowledge. Although the Bayesian approach is rapidly gaining popularity in the American social sciences, communication scholars have not (yet) made much use of it. In this paper, we address the benefits of Bayesian statistics for applied research, focussing on methodological and empirical rather than purely statistical issues. We present findings of a short case study where we examined the handling of prior scientific knowledge by German communication scholars. We conclude with a rather personal view of the future of Bayesian statistics in the discipline of communication research.


A pathway for helical membrane proteins Membrane proteins are inserted into cell membranes while they are being translated and may fold concurrently into their secondary and tertiary structures. Choi et al. describe a single-molecule force microscopy technique that allowed them to monitor folding of helical membrane proteins in vesicles and bicelles. Two helical membrane proteins, the Escherichia coli rhomboid protease GlpG and the human β2-adrenergic receptor, both folded from the N to the C terminus, with structures forming in units of helical hairpins. In the cell, this would allow these proteins to begin folding while being translated. Science, this issue p. 1150 Single-molecule experiments reveal that translation, insertion, and folding can be coupled during membrane protein biogenesis. To understand membrane protein biogenesis, we need to explore folding within a bilayer context. Here, we describe a single-molecule force microscopy technique that monitors the folding of helical membrane proteins in vesicle and bicelle environments. After completely unfolding the protein at high force, we lower the force to initiate folding while transmembrane helices are aligned in a zigzag manner within the bilayer, thereby imposing minimal constraints on folding. We used the approach to characterize the folding pathways of the Escherichia coli rhomboid protease GlpG and the human β2-adrenergic receptor. Despite their evolutionary distance, both proteins fold in a strict N-to-C-terminal fashion, accruing structures in units of helical hairpins. These common features suggest that integral helical membrane proteins have evolved to maximize their fitness with cotranslational folding.


Abstract This paper presents a robot control system using force control on a redundant industrial robot. The control system is based upon an active force feedback system using six axes force sensor attached to the robot's end effector. The redundancy is used to explore a model for singularity avoidance based on different states of redundancy. The system is implemented and tested experimentally for one of the described states on a NACHI MR20 seven axes robot. The experimental results demonstrate the possibility to control a redundant industrial robot by force control.


A global value chain (GVC) comprises the whole sequence of production stages and business processes that are organized across different countries. Upgrading in GVCs is the process of shifting to activities, products or economic sectors, which generate a higher level of value-added. In the light of selected bibliographic sources, improved competitiveness is viewed as the result of upgrading and we begin with the assumption that a growth in marketshare is a gauge of both competitiveness and upgrading. The primary goal of this paper is to evaluate the proposition that upgrading in global value chains is a result of increasing GVC participation and of a rise in the share of domestic services value-added included in gross exports. A random effect regression model of panel data was the research method applied to verify this hypothesis in the manufacturing sector in Central and Eastern EU member states. The main results lead to a positive impact of both GVC participation and share of domestic services value-added in gross exports on GVC upgrading. This allowed for the option of making a few recommendations for a more widespread and intense involvement in GVCs, where the knowledge transmission can be exploited. The possible practical implications of the paper are that the learning effects coming from other partnersin GVC should be nurtured and used to improve market share or evolve to higher value-added activities. Servicification of manufacturing can lead to a more competitive position along the GVC, especially if the included services lead to innovation and increased productivity. The investigation of the interaction between GVC participation and service inclusion in production and their effects on upgrading and competitiveness constitutes the paper's novel contribution.


Ultrasound scanning is one of the main methods of instrumental examination of patients after allogenic transplantation of kidney. The main reasons of dysfunction of the kidney transplant in long posttransplantation term are acute or chronic rejection, as well as acute and chronic nephrotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors. The study includes an analysis of the medical history of 130 children with end-stage chronic renal failure who underwent 130 allogeneic kidney transplants from a posthumous donor. There were analyzed the results of 231 percutaneous puncture biopsies and ultrasound studies of renal transplants. The analyzed data of morphological studies are divided into 4 groups:1st group — there are no morphological changes affecting graft function;2nd group — morphological signs of calcineurin toxicity;3rd group — borderline damage of the graft;4th group — acute and chronic graft rejection;5th group — non-specific tubulointerstitial sclerosis and tubular atrophy.Indices of resistance and pulsation measured at the level of the renal artery and interlobular arteries tended to decrease in the kidneys with immunological influence and remained stable in other morphological groups. This means that, the higher the degree of hyalinosis of the arteries, the lower the indices of resistance and pulsation indices measured at the level of the common renal artery and interlobular arteries. The revealed tendency of a decrease in the values of the resistance index and the pulsation index at the level of the common renal artery of the interlobular arteries can be considered as one of the initial ultrasound signs that allow to speak of a decrease in the elasticity of the vascular wall. Normal indices of renal hemodynamics do not exclude the presence of pathological processes leading to graft dysfunction.


Serum antibodies develop upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 and are currently used to stratify donors of convalescent plasma and assess the prevalence of COVID-19. This study examines the use of serum antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the diagnosis of COVID-19.


This brief paper deals with realization and partial realization results for timeinvariant systems with, in general, incommensurate delays. The results are obtained based upon the use of formal Laurent expansions whose coefficients are polynomial matrices of appropriate orders and which also integrated within truncated and infinite block Hankel matrices. The above mentioned polynomial matrices arise in a natural way from the transcendent equations associated with the delayed dynamics.


United States Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Chief Scientist: Rob Thieler. Data (Sidescan-Klien, EM3000 multibeam) of field activity 03047 (F-1-03-NR) in Raleigh Bay, North Carolina, United States, North America, North Atlantic from 01/01/2003 to 01/01/2003, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/f/f103nr/html/f-1-03-nr.meta.html.


The Jalak Bali is a species endemic to the island of Bali. One of PT Pertamina (Persero) Ngurah Rai's CSR pro- grams is the conservation and breeding of Jalak Bali bird. The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze community behavior towards the existence of PT Pertamina (Persero) Ngurah Rai's CSR, in Sibang Kaja village, Abiansemal district, Badung regency. The selection of this research location used a purposive method. The po- pulation in this study amounted to 235 families while the probability sample purposive technique used the slovin formula. So that the number of samples taken was 73 people. Data analysis in this study used descriptive analysis and Chi Square. Based on the results of research on community behavior towards the existence of PT Pertamina (Persero) DPPU Ngurah Rai's CSR in Sibang Kaja village, it can be seen from the attitude of the community that they are in the agree category, while the level of knowledge and skills is in the high category. The results of the Chi Square analysis show that there is a real relationship between attitudes and knowledge from the calculated X2 value (18.21) > X2 (0.05) = 3.841. When viewed from the relationship between attitudes and skills from the calculated X2 value (13.18) > X2 (0.05) = 3.841 there is a real relationship. As well as the relationship between knowledge and skills with a calculated X2 value (7.08) > X2 (0.05) = 3.841 there is also a real relationship.


The present lack of knowledge concerning the oral and dental importance of magnesium is mainly the result of the inadequacy of methods for determining accurately the concentration of this metal. Such difficulty of estimation is further complicated by the very low concentration which is present in the teeth, soft tissues, and saliva. However, the advent of atomic absorption spectrosCopyl1 2 has greatly facilitated accurate estimation of this metal. This paper describes the successful application of atomic absorption spectroscopy for the determination of magnesium in the saliva of 183 subjects.


In this paper the thermal system behavior of a glow plug is examined based upon its thermal impedance. The glow plug is a passive and low ohmic device as well as a rather slow sensor this is accounted for by the presented measurement setup and the modality of the system excitation to determine the transfer functions. The impact of the ambient temperature and the surrounding conditions on the thermal impedance is addressed as well. Since the glow plug is directly exposed to the combustion process it can be used as a sensor, e.g. for misfire detection. The combustion causes measurable changes of the temperature dependent resistance. The amplitude of this small signal is influenced by occurring aging processes. They can be compensated by determining the thermal impedance.


There are complete differences in the degree of treating difficulty and effects obtained at different stages and on different times for the same disease. A well chosen time for administration is especially important. Doctors should seize the opportune moment and give prompt treatment to patients when the best condition arises. The choice of such moment should base on the development and progress of illness. Emergency treatment should be carried out for critical illness, with doctors conscientiously leading it to the best condition. Only when the whole process of treatment is permeated with such idea can delightful results be achieved clinically.


So as to evaluate TV lenses, large test pattern (2 m×2 m) was constructed. Throughout the pattern, the period of sine charts is 5 mm and the direction of stripes is vertical. Imaged by 1/50, its spatial frequency is 10 lines/mm. By adjusting the uniformity of brightness, the decrease of mean illumination at the corner of the image plane can be measured simultaneously. By scanning the intensity distribution of the image horizontally, OTF at the cut off frequency of TV cameras were measured on a image plane. A temporary standard was obtained by using an area weighted average of OTF, R̄, and a distortion factor, K, which is the rms value of the variation of OTF devided by R̄. That is; R̄ should be larger than 90%, or if R̄ is between 80 and 90%, K should be smaller than 10%.


I am particularly happy for this opportunity to express the warm appreciation which all feel who know what Milton Winternitz has contributed to the Yale School of Medicine and to the advancement of American medical education. Many have derived inspiration from his example, but for the most part it is unrecorded. Various aspects of the growth of the School come to mind as we turn memory back to the time when Dr. Winternitz, or Winter, as we now call him affectionately, first came to New Haven. How much of the "blood, sweat, and tears" that went into the first years of rebuilding the School along the lines of Winter's vision will find their way into this volume, it is hard to say. But one knows that those were stirring years, filled with battles, hopes and disappointments, and phenomenal progress. I regret that I arrived too late to witness the thrilling metamorphosis which took place during the 1920's, for it was not until much had already been accomplished that the opportunity to join the Yale faculty came to me. Since many doubtless will draw-appropriately-on personal reminiscences on this occasion, I turned to my diary to refresh my memory on the details of my first visit to the Yale School of Medicine. There appeared in the New York Times of April 6th (1950) a column on diaries and diarists. It was sent to me by a friend who knew that I had begun the practice, often tedious, as a means of keeping a widely scattered family supplied with the details in which families are interested. The Times editorial concluded that "perhaps the best diarist is he who keeps a diary out of curiosity, for the pleasure of removing occasionally from a dusty shelf his record of some past year and of reading there what he wrote when he was younger; how wise was he then, or how foolish, and what beliefs tenaciously seized on then have stood the tests of time and experience ?" In regard to the present excerpts, I shall have to-let the reader answer these questions for himself. Dean Winternitz is a very attractive and young pathologist who has great dreams and ideals for the Yale Medical School. He talked to me for the first half hour concerning


I consider kinetic equilibrium of the $\beta$-processes in the nucleonic plasma with relativistic pairs. The nucleons $(n,p)$ are supposed to be non-relativistic and non-degenerate, while the electrons and positrons are ultra-relativistic due to high temperature $(T>6\cdot 10^9$K), or high density $(\rho>\mu 10^6$g/cm$^3$), or both, where $\mu$ is a number of nucleons per one electron. The consideration is simplified because of the analytic connection of the density with the electron chemical potential in the ultra-relativistic plasma. Electron chemical potential and number of nucleons per one initial electron are calculated as functions of $\rho$ and $T$.


This paper describes a unified VLSI architecture which can efficiently realize some popular two-dimensional discrete trigonometric transforms (2-D DTT). The computation of the 2-D DTT is based on the row-column decomposition approach. However, in contrast to previous schemes, efficient and unrestricted Clenshaw's recurrence formula along with the inherent symmetry of the trigonometric functions are adequately employed to render efficient recurrences for computing both of the row and column transforms. As such, the resulting VLSI architecture not only provides substantial hardware savings as compared with previous works, but it can also be applied to the 2-D DTT of arbitrary size. An input buffer along with a bidirectional circular shift matrix are addressed as well to enable the architecture to operate in a fully-pipelined manner.


Purpose – This paper proposes discussing the growing supply chain pressures, both legal and commercial, the background to them and their implications for countries with large consumer markets, such as the UK and for countries, such as the Republic of China, which are suppliers, but themselves increasingly important as consumer markets.Design/methodology/approach – Having regard to the multi disciplinary nature of the readership the paper does not focus too narrowly on legal regulation: nevertheless the legal perspective is important in at least one respect. The imposition of law and penalties provides a powerful incentive to behavioural change, and is very effective in focussing attention.Findings – The paper reveals that plainly it will be a challenge for supplier countries, as it will be for industry in the West, to meet new regulatory standards, particularly those which aim to force technology, like the vehicle emission standards referred to above, or standards relating to supply chain management, whic...


This 6.9 mile long subsea pipeline is designed to deliver 60 MMSCFD of sour natural gas from Exxon's ''Hondo A'' platform, which stands in 850' of water in the Santa Barbara Channel, to an onshore gas processing plant in Las Flores Canyon, 20 miles west of Santa Barbara, California. This 12'' pipeline is the deepest water line from a platform to shore off the U. S. West Coast and is believed to be the third deepest line ever installed from a platform to shore. This paper covers details of the final pipeline design and also describes the installation of the offshore portion of the pipeline.


Agilent 5973 GC-MS instrument was modified so that the capillary direct interface was removed and that a silicone membrane was installed between GC and MS. Feasibility study of the membrane interface GC-MS has been carried out. Vacuum of the mass spectrometer was not affected by the carrier gas flow rate up to . As the carrier flow rate was increased, peak tailing was reduced and chromatogram peaks appeared earlier. Chromatogram peaks showed better separation and higher sensitivity as the membrane thickness was reduced from to , and also as the interface temperature was increased. However, the membrane interface GC-MS had drawbacks such as background ions at 73 and 147 m/z and poor peak separation due to peak tailing.


In order to examine the influence of water-soil interactions on coefficient of permeability of soil,soil samples have been tested in laboratory with different chemical solutions,including deionized water,solution with different pH,and Na2SO4,NaHCO3,CaCl2,TP,TN solutions with different concentrations.The results indicate that the coefficient of permeability are changed,and there exist both positive and negative effects on the specimens in this test.The SEM photos show that dissolution and deposition of water on soil composition and ion-exchange adsorption of water with soil can affect the soil microstructure and pore characteristics,and change the permeability of soil.


Excerpt Although Hodgkin's1disease was described by him as early as 1832, the blood picture in this disease was not seriously considered until 1910. At that time Fabian,2after a critical survey of ...


Alternate Managed Care Approaches to Disease Management of Allergic Rhinitis Research in this issue of the Journal calls into question several claims for cost-effective disease management of allergic rhinitis. Szeinbach, Williams, Munterdam, and O'Connor found that nearly two thirds of users of low-sedating antihistamines (LSAs) with a medical diagnosis of allergy did not test positive for serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) specific to allergens for allergic rhinitis. Of the 66% of patients defined as frequent users of LSAs (3 or more LSA prescriptions in the 1-year study period), the proportion who tested negative for serum IgE was 62%. Allergic rhinitis is the fifth most common chronic disease in the United States, affecting 10% to 30% of adults annually and up to 40% of children and contributing to sleep interruptions, lower quality of life, and reduced productivity. Disease-specific patient surveys have been developed and marketed to help measure the magnitude of adverse effect on quality of life and productivity and to guide disease management interventions for allergic rhinitis; the SF-36 and short form SF-12 have been criticized as imprecise for this disease. It is fairly easy to make a case for the use of LSAs or nasal steroids to reduce the social burden of allergic rhinitis, but what is the optimal approach to obtain the most favorable clinical and service outcomes at the lowest cost? The advent of over-the-counter (OTC) loratadine reduced by more than 90% the average cost to treat allergic rhinitis symptoms with an LSA, now as little as $6.50 per month of therapy with OTC loratadine. Yet, many drug benefit plans have not realized the full value of this dramatic price reduction because they have not implemented managed care tools to steer members to this cost-effective alternative. Most prescription drug benefit plans do not cover OTC drugs, and most drug benefit plans in 2004 included coverage of either fexofenadine (Allegra) or cetirizine (Zyrtec) as a formulary drug (i.e., tier-2 copayment). Therefore, the work of Szeinbach et al. remains relevant for several reasons. A reasonable argument could be made that unnecessary exposure to any drug, no matter how safe in the incidence of side effects, should be avoided. The use of a serum IgE test to rule out a false diagnosis of allergy would appear to be important if the test is not expensive. Examination of the usual and customary (U&C) charges of a private third-party administrator for Common Procedural Terminology code 86005 (allergen-specific IgE) in March 2004 revealed an allowed price of $140.65 in zip code 80262 (Denver, Colorado) and $121.65 in zip code 30606 (Athens, Georgia). Adding a physician office visit would push the allowed charge to more than $200 to test a patient for serum allergy, more than the net plan cost for 3 LSA prescriptions. However, a countervailing argument would count the costs of repeated physician office visits plus LSA costs for as many as two thirds of patients who may not benefit from LSAs due to the absence of true allergy. One is left pondering the value of a placebo response in patients without true allergy, but the conclusion is clear for disease management of allergic rhinitis. Stratification of patients by severity of disease, including persistent symptoms, would seem to help define when a serum IgE test to determine true allergy may be warranted and prove to be cost effective when clinical, humanistic, and cost outcomes are considered in total.


ABSTRACT Yogurt is a milk product that is fermented by microbial bacteria. Fermentation of lactose produces lactic acid which acts on milk protein, making yogurt denser and has a distinctive texture, flavor and aroma. Generally yogurt is made using cow's milk, but with advances in yogurt biotechnology can also come from vegetable milk, for example soyghurt raw material for milk (soybeans) and cocoghurt (coconut milk). Data is taken from all research units, in the form of fermentation time (with treatment 0 - 24 hours). The length of time for fermentation is the length of time needed when fermentation of milk to yogurt using Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. The parameters measured in this study are the physical and organoleptic qualities of yogurt. Based on the fermentation time resulting from the fermentation of soy bean milk into yogurt 0 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours.After doing research on the treatment of soybean milk with a treatment of 0 - 24 hours with 24 research units in getting results that there is no significant effect on fermentation treatment at 0 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours. Obtained t value is 0.847<t. table 2.086 and sig value. 0.406> 0.05. Then it can be concluded that H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected, which means the treatment of fermentation time does not significantly affect the organoleptic quality of yogurt.Keywords: Organoleptics, Soy Beans, Soy Bean Milk, Fermentation, Yoghurt.


Type of funding sources: None.

 In 2012, coronary heart disease and stroke are the leading causes of death worldwide, accounting for more than 31% of deaths from all causes. In 2020, PH statistics showed that ischemic heart diseases were the leading causes of death in the Philippines (PH), responsible for 17.3% of the total deaths.

 To determine the knowledge, perceptions, insights and attitudes on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, personal health-related lifestyle practices, and lifestyle counseling practices of selected female physicians who are practicing or training in the PH through an online survey.

 A descriptive ambispective cross-sectional study where the survey questionnaire of Ameh, et al. (2019) was modified with the authors' permission, was conducted online and answered by consenting female physicians. 484 participants' data were collated and analyzed.

 Majority had accurate responses for the CVD prevention knowledge items (Figures 1 and 2). Among the participants, 36.98% had hypertension, 32% were obese, 28.5% had dyslipidemia, and 17.2% had diabetes mellitus. Sleep of 6-8 hours is practiced by 60.33%, 53.51% eat vegetables and fruits daily, 55.79% prefer fish and seafood, 89.05% do not smoke, 61.2% take coffee or black tea daily, 84.51% have no regular exercise, and 30.79% of those who do only exercise for 10-20 minutes. Moreover, 67.98% add salt, soy or fish sauce to their meals, and 72.73% do not drink enough water daily. In addition, 44.42% do not undergo annual general check-up and 58.06% do not have a personal physician. Limitations due to COVID-19 pandemic, lack of education, and expensive screening tests are perceived to be major barriers to CVD screening. More than 90% of our participants practice health teachings on diabetes mellitus prevention, high blood pressure screening, cholesterol screening and management, nutrition, and weight management. Counseling on regular exercise, smoking, and alcohol abuse are being practiced by 88.02%, 85.74%, and 83.88% of our respondents, respectively.

 There are female physicians who are not aware of the World Health Organization's recommendations on the prevention of CVD, who do not do health teaching and counseling, and who practice unhealthy lifestyle. Changing physicians' knowledge and behavior towards CVD prevention is a great challenge to improve standards of CVD prevention. Improvement and enhancement in education of both physicians and patients, together with more consultation time, financing for CVD prevention, and comprehensive, multidisciplinary preventive cardiology programs supported by government and societies in favor of prevention are some of the best ways to improve management of CVD risk factors and prevention.


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The method of measuring the density of rivers and lakes on topographic maps is

discussed in this paper. By the practice of measuring, the authors provide, herewith, the

direction and some methods for investigative, and regard the work on quantitatively com-

parison and investigation of differences of the distribution of regional waterbodies as

useful references to national economic construction.

Indexes used for showing the density of the network of river systems are generally

as follows:

1. The number of rivers in a unit area.

2. The lengths of rivers in a unit area.

3. The area occuppied by the rivers in a unit length.

4. By composing a series of squares and rectangular netblocks, eath being equal

in area, with the total lengths of rivers for a region as their sides, thus taking the length

of the sides or the area of each block as the density index.

5. The number of land blocks dissected by river-nets in a unit area.

Indexes for representing the density of lakes are:

1) The number of lakes in a unit area.

2) The ratio of the area occuppied by lakes to the total area.

3) The area occuppied by each lake.

As to the concrete measuring works, the following notions are given:

1. Waterbodies of special large size should be listed separately.

2. The measuring area for calculating density index could be classified according

to the width of rivers and the size of lakes in order to obtain the area of waterbodies.

An index of different bearing will be yielded for density measuring if waterbody areas

are excluded from the measuring area.

3. In order to reveal fully the distribution character of drainage networks in dif-

ferent regions, one should find out not only the numerical differences of rivers and lakes,

but also the ratio of the area of waterbodies to the total area of the region.

4. Since the rivers and lakes are usually mixed up, one should be able to find

out some combined index.

In addition to the large amount of measuring and calculating work, one should de-

limit beforehand the density area of the region and decide whether the measuring is to

be carried out for the whole region or only for the example area. Detailed regulations

for measurement index cards and tables should be laid down after the careful study and

experimental work.

The compiling of the density map based on the measuring results will be the final

work.


Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a common consequence of diabetes and associated with mitochondrial pathology. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) as an in vitro model of diabetes, we sought to understand the role of mitophagy, a process that selectively degrades mitochondria through the autophagy-lysosome pathway as a crucial quality control pathway against diabetic cardiomyopathy. We first showed that iPSC-CMs exposed to a diabetic milieu demonstrated increased hypertrophy, impaired calcium signaling, and higher oxidative stress. Flow cytometry analysis of iPSC-CMs subjected to diabetic conditions revealed two distinct population of cells (normal and hypertrophied), suggesting a heterogeneous response to hyperglycemia. In these cells, hypertrophied iPSC-CMs were found to have reduced mitophagy compared to normal cells when exposed to hyperglycemia. In addition, we showed that mitochondrial fragmentation was also decreased in the hypertrophied iPSC-CMs compared to normal cells upon exposure to hyperglycemia, demonstrating a link between mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy. Surprisingly, pretreatment of iPSC-CMs with a non-selective antioxidant, N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine, not only failed to limit the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia, but actually led to increased hypertrophy and cell death. We found that mitophagy was significantly reduced in iPSC-CMs following antioxidant treatment, suggesting the need of mild oxidative stress as a trigger for mitophagy. Future studies are warranted to further investigate the association between oxidative stress, mitochondrial fragmentation, and mitochondrial fission as targets against diabetic cardiomyopathy.


Executive Summary 1 1.0 Introduction 2 1.1 Company Background and ARC Project 2 1.2 Columbia Metropolitan Airport 3 2.0 Project Implementation 4 2.1 Project Objectives 4 2.2 Schedule 4 3.0 Data Acquisition and Processing 5 3.1 IKONOS Imagery 5 3.2 ERDAS Software Modules 5 3.2.1 Other Software Modules and IKONOS Support 6 3.3 Ground Control Data Acquisition 7 3.4 Comparison of Terrain and Obstruction Elevations 8 4.0 Results and Metrics 10 4.1 Results and Discussion 10 4.2 Metrics 11 4.2.1 Enhanced Market 11 4.2.2 Costs 12 5.0 Conclusion 12 6.0 Bibliography 14


Using a model of postpneumonectomy (PNY) compensatory lung growth in mice, we previously observed an increase in numbers of a putative endogenous distal airway progenitor cell population (CCSPpos/pro‐SPCpos cells located at bronchoalveolar duct junctions [BADJs]), at 3, 7, and 14 days after pneumonectomy, returning to baseline at 28 days post‐PNY. As the origin of these cells is poorly understood, we evaluated whether bone marrow cells contributed to the pool of these or other cells during prolonged post‐PNY lung regrowth. Naïve and sex‐mismatched chimeric mice underwent left PNY and were evaluated at 1, 2, and 3 months for numbers of BADJ CCSPpos/pro‐SPCpos cells and presence of donor‐derived marrow cells engrafted as airway or alveolar epithelium. Nonchimeric mice were also examined at 12 months after PNY for numbers of BADJ CCSPpos/pro‐SPCpos cells. Notably, the right accessory lobe (RAL) continued to grow disproportionately over 12 months, a novel finding not previously described. Assessment of lung mechanics demonstrated an increase in lung stiffness following PNY, which significantly diminished over 1 year, but remained elevated relative to 1‐year‐old naïve controls. However, the number of CCSPpos/pro‐SPCpos BADJ cells ≥1‐month following PNY was equivalent to that found in naïve controls even after 12 months of continued RAL growth. Notably, no donor bone marrow‐derived cells engrafted as airway or alveolar epithelial cells, including those at the BADJ, up to 3 months after PNY. These studies suggest that lung epithelial cells, including CCSPpos/pro‐SPCpos cells, are not replenished from marrow‐derived cells during post‐PNY lung growth in mice. STEM Cells2013;31:1330–1339


Development of a measuring unit for air flow volume within a natural ventilation system with the results of laboratory test and on-site measurement is described. As it was considered necessary to make a continuous, simultaneous multi-point measurement of a fluctuating air flow within the vertical shafts towards solar chimney in a natural ventilation system of a school building, a simple measuring system was devised. This system consists of pressure detector and data logger to be installed at several locations on site. The results of the field measurement agreed quite well with the laboratory test results so that the effects of the natural ventilation system with solar chimney could clearly be estimated. This measuring system could be used for measuring air volume in general multi-story buildings with natural ventilation system.


The characterization of new materials for enabling gear design is definitely a fundamental objective in the gear industry and research. Single Tooth Bending Fatigue (STBF) tests can be performed to speed up this process. However, it is well known that STBF tests tend to overestimate material strength compared to tests performed directly on meshing gears (MG) which, in turn, require an excessively long test time. Therefore, it is common practice to use a constant correction factor fkorr of 0.9 to translate STBF results for designing actual MG (e.g., via ISO 6336). Recent works involving a combination of Finite Element Models (FEM) and multiaxial (non-proportional) fatigue criteria based on the critical plane concept have highlighted that the assumption of considering fkorr as a constant independent of the gear design parameters leads to inaccurate results. However, in previous studies, no correlation between fkorr and gear design parameters has emerged. In the present paper, the influence of the normal pressure angle (αn), the profile shift coefficient (x*), and the normal module (mn) on fkorr was investigated by analyzing FEM simulations with the Findley fatigue criterion. 27 gear geometries were studied by varying the above 3 parameters in 3 levels (full factorial DOE). These geometries were simulated in both MG and STBF configurations. The results of the 54 FEM simulations were analyzed by applying the Findley fatigue criterion and the corresponding fkorr were calculated. The correlation between fkorr and αn, x* and mn was investigated using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique. The results show that the only gear design parameter influencing fkorr is x* hence, a regression model for fkorr including x* has been developed. This latter has been then adopted for calculating and comparing fkorr values from other combination of the parameters found in literature, giving good correspondence.


Nineteen malnourished chronic peritoneal dialysis patients who were ingesting a low protein intake underwent metabolic balance studies to test whether a dialysate that contained amino acids would improve their protein nutrition. Patients lived in the hospital for 35 days while they ate a constant diet and underwent their usual regimen of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The first 15 days served as a Baseline Phase. For the last 20 days, the usual dialysate was substituted with a dialysate of essentially the same composition except that it contained 1.1% essential and nonessential amino acids and no glucose. Patients received one or two dialysate exchanges with amino acids each day depending on the amount necessary to bring the individual's dietary protein plus dialysate amino acid intake to 1.1 to 1.3 g/kg body weight/day. During Baseline, patients were in neutral nitrogen balance; net protein anabolism was positive, as determined from 15 N-glycine studies. After commencing intraperitoneal amino acid therapy, nitrogen balance became significantly positive, there was a significant increase in net protein anabolism, the fasting morning plasma amino acid pattern became more normal, and serum total protein and transferrin concentrations rose. Patients generally tolerated the treatment well, although some patients developed mild metabolic acidemia. These findings indicate that a dialysate containing amino acids may improve protein malnutrition in CAPD patients ingesting low protein intakes. (Kidney Int 1995;47:1148-57) COMMENT: This strong piece of research overcomes the limitations of previous studies of the effects of amino acidbased dialysate for CAPD patients by (1) selecting a population of patients who clearly were malnourished and (2) following them metabolically for an extended period. The definition of malnutrition included evidence for muscle wasting, body weight < 90% desirable or serum albumin < normal, and inadequate dietary protein intake. The population thus selected should represent patients with existing malnutrition and no expectation of correction of protein deficits by dietary means alone. In fact, the mean body weight relative to desirable body weight was 91 +/13%, and 11 of the 19 patients were < 86% of desirable body weight. The mean albumin concentration was 3.6 g/dL with a range of 2.3 to 3.9. All but one of the 19 patients had multiple objective signs of malnutrition. The patients received a stable dietary intake and their usual CAPD regimen for 15 days, and then followed with the amino acid treatment regimen. It is not clear that either the patients or the investigators were blinded to the treatment given. Unfortunately, all patients received Baseline Phase treatment first followed by Treatment Phase, leaving the results open to confounding by time-treatment interactions. The small sample size also leaves the possibility of a Type II statistical error in some results, and no power statistics are calculated. The increases in transport proteins are not unexpected. Albumin, with its 21-day half-life, did not change significantly over the treatment period, while transferrin, with its 14-day half-life, did. The nitrogen balance studies covered 9day periods at the end of each phase, and allowed 6 to 11 days for adjustment to the level of protein intake before nitrogen balance began. The mean nitrogen balance during the Baseline Phase was +0.5 g/day and + 1.71 g/day in the Treatment Phase, a significant difference. Nitrogen intake increased from 8.32 g/day duringBaseline to 13 g/day during Treatment as a result of the l.l% amino acid dialysate. Sixteen of the 19 subjects underwent protein turnover studies, which showed no difference in protein degradation but a significant increase in net anabolism. In general, the amino acid solutions were well-tolerated by patients. One undesirable side effect was a mild metabolic acidosis (decrease in the serum carbon dioxide concentration from 25 to 21). Arterial blood gas measurements on seven patients, however, documented normal pH. This study represents an important treatment option for clinically stable but malnourished end-stage renal disease patients with CAPD as their dialysis treatment modality. While the increase in protein intake may appear limited (mean of 29 g/day) relative to usual TPN levels of intake, malnourished subjects responded favorably over a timeframe of 20 days. Charlene Compher, MS, RD, CNSD Small bowel necrosis associated with postoperative jejunal tube feeding CD SCHUNN, JM DALY University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia ABSTRACT: Background: Postoperative enteral nutrition using jejunal tube feeding is widely practiced and usually well tolerated. Functional intestinal complaints occur frequently but generally respond to alteration of the infusion rate or tube feeding formula. Occasionally, however, nonspecific signs of intestinal disturbance progress to a syndrome of abdominal distention, hypotension, and hypovolemic shock resulting in extensive small bowel necrosis. Study design: During a six-year period, four patients have been identified retrospectively who had this complication among 1,359 patients receiving jejunal tube feeding. Their clinical course was evaluated critically and compared with 11 cases described in the literature. Results: Small bowel necrosis is a rare but highly morbid complication associated with postoperative jejunal tube feeding. Of 14 patients who had small bowel necrosis develop, 12 succumbed to Background: Postoperative enteral nutrition using jejunal tube feeding is widely practiced and usually well tolerated. Functional intestinal complaints occur frequently but generally respond to alteration of the infusion rate or tube feeding formula. Occasionally, however, nonspecific signs of intestinal disturbance progress to a syndrome of abdominal distention, hypotension, and hypovolemic shock resulting in extensive small bowel necrosis. Study design: During a six-year period, four patients have been identified retrospectively who had this complication among 1,359 patients receiving jejunal tube feeding. Their clinical course was evaluated critically and compared with 11 cases described in the literature. Results: Small bowel necrosis is a rare but highly morbid complication associated with postoperative jejunal tube feeding. Of 14 patients who had small bowel necrosis develop, 12 succumbed to at American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) on July 8, 2016 ncp.sagepub.com Downloaded from


Book Review. The main focus of the book is putting the reforms that have been taking place in Cuba, which have gone further in terms of economics than politics, into a comparative perspective. The book aims to analyze the potential directions for change and the costs and limitations in implementation. It examines aspects of Cuba's economy, investment, political leadership, its foreign policy, and the impact of the post-Soviet collapse. But departing from earlier literature that has mainly focused on political issues and Cuba-U.S. tensions, this collection gives a voice to racial identities and inequalities, social security reform, and other aspects of Cuban society and culture.


The paper outlines the concept of penalties in tax law and the fundamental notions and terms, and focuses on the ne bis in idem principle in respect to the coexistence (co-application) of the tax code and the criminal code. The goal of this paper is to support or reject the hypothesis that the ne bis in idem principle is breached if the state imposes both the tax penalty and criminal penalty on the offender. Authors believe that the penalty imposed under the tax proceedings is not of the nature of punishment. However, since the plenum of SAC took a different stand (although they only assessed the nature of the penalty, not application of the ne bis in idem principle), such a decision could have immense consequences as for sanctioning tax wrongdoings.


2-(5-Oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzoic acid was synthesized using a new effective method – thermal heterocyclization of 3-(hydroxyimino)isoindolin-1-one, which occurs as a result of its interaction with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and subsequent base-promoted cycleopening of the obtained intermediate 3H,5H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[3,4-a]isoindole-3,5-dione.

Direct cyclization of 3-(hydroxyimino)isoindolin-1-one by the reaction with diethyl carbonate in the presence of sodium ethylate in ethanol at room temperature and under heating was unsuccessful. The same result was observed when using triphosgene in the presence of triethylamine in dichloromethane. Treating 3-(hydroxyimino)isoindolin-1-one with methyl chloroformate gave 3-(((methoxycarbonyl)oxy)-imino)isoindolin-1-one which was thermally stable and was not cyclized into the desired acid by boiling in toluene and o-xylene for 24 hours.

The reflux of the excess of CDI with 3-(hydroxyimino)isoindolin-1-one in anhydrous ethyl acetate and subsequent alkaline hydrolysis gave the desired 2-(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzoic acid in a total yield of 90%. An attempt to stop the process at the stage of formation of the intermediate 3H,5H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[3,4-a]isoindole-3,5-dione by carrying out the reaction in the absence of a base failed. Its partial hydrolysis took place during the reaction, and especially at the stage of isolation, and as a result a mixture of 3H,5H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[3,4-a]isoindole-3,5-dione and 2-(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzoic acid was formed in a ratio of about 2:3. The obtained substance after mixing with aqueousmethanolic NaOH solution and subsequent acidification with 1M HCl was quantitatively converted into the pure desired acid.

The developed method allows the use of 3-(hydroxyimino)isoindolin-1-ones as convenient starting materials for the preparation of vic-(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)aromatic acids and subsequently related compounds, in particular isomeric vic-carbamimidoyl(hetero)aromatic carboxylic acids, which cannot be obtained by other currently known methods. All the compounds obtained during the development of the method were studied by means of NMR spectroscopy.


In China , the number of the power station increases quickly. According to the information from the Internet, From 2001 to August 2005, State Environmental Protection Administration has approved 472 thermal power projects, and the installed capacity is as much as 344382MW.In which , 135 thermal power projects are approved in 2001, the installed capacity is as much as 107590MW, 207% more than last year; 213 thermal power projects are approved From January to August in 2005, the installed capacity is as much as 168546MW, 420% more than last year.If these power stations all come online, Chinese installed capacity will be as much as 5.82 billion KW, 145% more than 2000. In December 2006 , the growth of the power stations keeps high levels.The same month, the whole country's generating capacity was 2266 billion kilowatt-hour, 15.5% more than last year.As the rise of the winter electricity consumption, the generating capacity of power projects increased quickly.The genearating capacity of power projects in December was 10.9% more than last month.From January to December in 2006 the whole country's generating capacity was 23009 billion kilowatt-hour, 15.08% more than last year.From January to October in 2007 the whole country's generating capacity was 21756 billion kilowatt-hour, 16.04% more than last year.The generating capacity in August had the largest number, which was 2390 billion kilowatt-hour, 10.19% more than last year.


The wet picking and wet resistance of offset papers and art papers were studied by using IGT-gst2 printability tester according to change printing conditions as printing speed and the amount of fountain solutions.It was shown that the phenomena of wet picking and wet resistance occurred in turn on the surface of offset papers with increased printing speed and the amount of fountain solution,but not found on the surface of art papers in the gave printing conditions,mostly wet resistance trend existing.In addition,in contrast with fountain solutions,printing speed had greater influence on the phenomena of wet picking and wet resistance of offset papers or the trend of wet picking and wet resistance of art papers.


During the 1970's the Peel-Harvey Estuary experienced severe symptoms of nutrient enrichment. There were large inputs of nutrients to the system, and only limited oceanic flushing occurred, via the long, narrow Mandurah Entrance Channel. In 1994 the Dawesville Channel was constructed to increase oceanic flushing within the Peel-Harvey Estuary; reduce the occurrence of toxic phytoplankton blooms (eg. blue-green Nodularia spumzgena) and decrease macroalgal growth. The present paper compares the benthic invertebrate fauna in the Peel-Harvey Estuary before and after the Dawesville Channel was constructed. One hundred sediment cores were collected during early autumn and late winter 2000, yielding a total of 17,443 benthic invertebrates, comprising 52 species. Polychaetes, molluscs and crustaceans dominated species richness and density in both seasons. There was a clear difference in benthic invertebrat~ species richness and density between seasons. During early autumn, benthic invertebrate communities in the Peel-Harvey Estuary had a low species richness (27 species), but this increased substantially (46 species) in late winter. Total mean density guadrupled from 6397m·2 in early autumn to 26,180m·2 in late winter. The increased species richness was due to increases in small crustaceans with a short lifespan and, to a lesser extent, chironomid insect larvae. With the exception of one site, the increased density was general throughout both Peel Inlet and the Harvey Estuary. There was no apparent correlation between increased densities and proximity to the entrance channels. Pre-Dawesville Channel data on benthic invertebrates are few. Molluscs provided the best comparisons between pre and post Dawesville Channel benthic invertebrates. In the late 1970's mollusc diversity was low and was dominated by two small estuarine species: the bivalve Arthritica semen and the gastropod Hydrococells brazieri. A two-year study at one site in Peel Inlet recorded a maximum density of 45,491 m 2 for A. semen and 19,959m 2 for H. brazieri. By the 1980's the de~sity of both species had declined; H. brazieri had nearly disappeared from the Peel-Harvey Estuary. In 2000, the mean densities of A. senzen and H. brazieri remained low. Several marine species that were recorded in the post Dawesville Channel samples were not recorded in the 1970's. Data suggests that the Peel-Harvey Estuary has become more marine, and that increased recruitment of planktonic larvae through the short, narrow Dawesville Channel and improved water guality has probably enabled these species to establish themselves. All of these species were recorded in very low densities, and they have not established the dense populations previously attained by H. brazierz and A. semen.