Objective To investigate protective effect of Pinus sylvestris L. polyphenlols extracts on H2O2induced damage in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells( BPAECs). Methods Oxidative damage of BPAECs was induced by H2O2. The BPAECs were divided into control group,H2O2model group,and high-,midium-,and low-dose polyphenlols groups( 0. 5,0. 1,0. 05 mg / mL). The influence of Pinus sylvestris L. polyphenlols extracts on H2O2induced damage in BPAECs was assessed by measuring the cells' viability with 3-( 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrozolium bromide( MTT) assay. The superoxide dismutase( SOD); malondialdehyde( MDA),and glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px) content were determined with assay kits. Results The cell viability of BPAECs decreased( 0. 71 ± 0. 03%) in H2O2model group compared to that of the control group. The kinases activity of SOD,catalase( CAT),and GSH-Px decreased( 24. 67 ± 0. 69,41. 95 ± 0. 58,24. 38 ± 1. 67 U / mg / prot). Meanwhile,the content of MDA increased( 5. 83 ± 0. 04 mmol / mL). In highdose group( 0. 5mg / ml),the cell viability of BPAECs raised remarkably( 1. 64 ± 0. 03%) and the kinases activity of SOD,CAT,and GSH-Px improved obviously( 53. 62 ± 1. 24,61. 01 ± 1. 10,and 48. 62 ± 0. 82 U / mg / prot). The contents of MDA and protein carbonyl reduced markedly( 1. 96 ± 0. 00 mmol / mL,1. 13 ± 0. 08 U / mg protein) compared to those of the H2O2model group. The results showed a dose-effect relationship. Conclusion The Pinus sylvestris L. polyphenlols extracts possess protective effect on H2O2induced damage in EPAECs


This paper describes a comparative study of the partial composite action of wood floors with and without sheathing gaps. The beams investigated consist of plywood sheathing bonded to joists with elastomeric adhesive. Beams are considered to be simply supported and subjected to uniformly distributed loading. Results for continuous sheathing, open gaps at third and fourth points are compared and displayed graphically. It is shown that the influence of gaps on the partial composite action is drastic and can increase deflections by as much as 82%, compared to a system with continuous sheathing. Little difference is obtained when comparing a beam with gaps at third and fourth points.


Cation exchange equilibrium distribution coefficients (K) with the (Dowex 50W-X8) H/sup +/ form have been determined for 21 metal ions in media consisting of mixtures of 0.7 mol/dm/sup 3/ acetic acid and varying concentrations (0.16, 0.32, 0.48, 0.64, 0.96, and 1.28 mol/dm/sup 3/) of ammonium chloride. The distribution coefficients were determined by the batch technique for finding the conditions for the mentioned separations. The column chromatographic separations achieved were all quantitative. The results of the resolution of the synthetic binary and ternary mixtures along with the elution curves are presented. 3 figures, 4 tables.


This study investigates the discourse-pragmatic properties of ditransitive constructions in English, Mandarin Chinese (MC) and Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM) based on argument realization patterns of the ditransitive objects in discourse contexts. The specific focuses are on the conditioning factors of two linguistic phenomena: word ordering variation and argument omission. Three main corpus-based observations are developed. First, the favored positions of overt objects were found to be largely conditioned by the informational-statuses they carry. Second, contra to the traditional prescriptive view that English, which is a non-pro-drop language, does not allow zero pronominals in the argument positions of finite clauses, under closer observation, the data reveals that even in English, ditransitive arguments carrying Hearer-Old, Discourse-Old or Inferrable information can surface as zero anaphora, given that recoverability of unexpressed elements can be carried out by addressees provided with sufficient background or discourse information. This indicates the significant role that information structure plays in the surface argument realization of nominal objects.


Post Installation of Headed Anchors (PIHA) is an advanced technique proposed in this study for structural strengthening of R.C beam column joints (BCJ). Previous research work on seismic damage of joints are widely correlated with shear deformation and bond slip of anchored reinforcement in joint core. To mitigate complex issues of reinforcement congestion, anchorage, fabrication and placement of reinforcement in congested geometry of BCJ, this novel technique of ―Post Installation by Headed Anchors‖ (PIHA) is proposed in this paper. It is an effective measure contributing to enhance implicit properties of shear, stiffness, confinement and ductility of joint core. This method gives viable solutions to conventional design practice of Precast and Cast-in place joints .Headed anchors provides good supplement to hooked anchorage system for improved shear, anchorage and ductile properties by delay the ultimate failure of joint. The state of headed-bars considered in this study is of bonded and un-bonded conditions with concrete. This paper focused on analytical aspects of proposed PIHA system so as to evaluate its strength and parametric influence against seismic shear strengthening of BCJ. Principle observations made in this study are ―Theory behind post installation, Fastening techniques, Force transfer mechanism, Failure modes, Seismic suitability of anchors, and Implicit strengthening of joint core.


Backgrounds Bortezomib is an important drug in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), and peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a significant dose-limiting toxicity of bortezomib. No effective prophylaxis has been defined for PN. Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM), a nerve-protecting drug, is often used to promote growth of nerve and function restoration of damaged nerve. The role of GM in the prophylaxis of bortezomib-induced PN in MM patients has never been investigated. Methods A phase 2 clinical trial was conducted in newly diagnosed MM patients to evaluate the value of GM in the prophylaxis of bortezomib-induced PN. All eligible patients were treated with VD (bortezomib 1.3mg/㎡,subcutaneous injection, d1 ,8,15,22, and dexamethasone 40mg, po,d1 ,8,15,22, 4 weeks a cycle) or CyBorD (cyclophosphamide 300mg/㎡,po,d1 ,8,15, bortezomib 1.3mg/㎡,subcutaneous injection, d1 ,8,1 5,22, and dexamethasone 40mg, po,d1 ,8,15,22, 4 weeks a cycle) for at least 4 cycles. GM was used at a dosage of 100mg/day intravenously at d1 -2, 8-9, 15-16, 22-23. No other nerve-protective drugs or thalidomide-containing regimens were allowed. The primary endpoint was overall incidence rate of PN (the grade of PN was recorded according to CTCAE v3.0). The secondary endpoints included duration of PN, complete response rate after 4 cycles of treatment, 1-year PFS and OS rate. (This trial was registered in ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT02093910). Results From February 2014 to February 2015, 25 patients of newly diagnosed MM were enrolled. The median age was 55 years old (37-75), and male to female ratio was 19:6. 5 patients had ISS stage I disease, 6 patients with stage II, and the remaining 14 patients with stage III. All patients received a median of 4 cycles (range 2-9) of Bortezomibcontaining regimens. At the time of data analysis, 84% of patients had at least partial response, 48% had at least very good partial response, and 24% had complete response. 7 patients experienced PN after a median of 2 cycles (range 1-4) of treatment, resulting in the overall PN rate of 28%. Among these 7 patients, only 1 patient (4%) had grade 2 PN, leading to dose reduction of bortezomib, and all other patients had grade 1 PN. During treatment, 1 patient (4%) had grade 2 diarrhea, and another 1 patient (4%) had herpes zoster infection. The concurrent use of GM did not introduce new side effects and seemed not compromise the efficacy of bortezomib. At a median follow up time of 8 months, 1-year PFS rate and OS rate were speculated to be 69.8% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions The early-term analysis of this phase 2 trial found it feasible to concurrently use GM and bortezomib-containing regimens, and GM had the potential role of reducing bortezomib-induced PN rate and severity without compromising efficacy. This needs to be validated in future phase 3 randomized clinical trials. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


We investigate the effect of molecular ordering in the semiconductor of inverted staggered-type organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) on device parameters. Molecular ordering is controlled by modifying the gate insulator with self-assembled monolayers and clarified by X-ray diffraction analysis. The reduction in the density of free carriers in a semiconductor with the alkyl-modified surface reduces off-current (IOFF) and increases contact resistance (RC). In contrast, IOFF increases and RC decreases for a phenyl-modified surface. Ultraviolet photoemission studies revealed that differences in the molecular ordering and the surface dipole moment caused by the insulator surfaces are crucial for device parameters for OTFTs.


In China, the monopoly industries of high-income problem has become the focus of society, the monopoly trades exacerbated the high-income inequality in income distribution, the impact of social harmony, interfering with rational distribution of resources and suppress social development momentum. Should be taken toimprove the anti-monopoly law, improve the price lawin the hearingsystem, and improve the individual income taxlawand soon, torestrict the monopoly industry monopoly profits and monopoly high-income earners.


This work was supported by Aurora Flight Sciences under the ONR Science of Autonomy program as well as the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Code 34 and MURI [grant number N00014-08-C-070].


This article takes a long, hard look at teachers' training and education at Universities and pedagogic training-focused institutions like "Normales" nowadays. Therefore, this is an analytical, interpretative and critical reflec tion around the ethical, political and social basis of teaching labor. Today, human condition is quite recognized in the teaching field and discourse. Then, teaching research is set into the dynamic dialogue between theory, educational affairs, reality and pedagogic background. Moreover, schools are valued as places where knowledge, thought and affectivity get together in order to build up and enhance the human potential.


It has thus far proved a considerable strain to fit the lethal power of nuclear weapons into some reasonable conception of political serviceability. Of the ratiocinations most generally advanced, two, the primordial fear of being defenceless before a surprise attack and the conviction that as the bombs' effects are made more ghastly their employment will be less likely, have made most of the running in the nuclear arms race. One is as pervasive as the other is fundamental. No country willingly stays long in a position where no risks need attend the opponent who would lay it waste; no country yields to the superpowers' conviction that if the risks are then made big rather than small, the odds are that one will take no risks at all. Even in a crisis where the alternatives to nuclear war might look bad but not, it has been noted, as bad as a nuclear war. Which ratiocination prevails is as much as anything a question of personal style. Robert McNamara, the former United States secretary of defense, once he had laid to rest the fear of a preemptive blow, chose to justify the expanding size of the nuclear establishment over which he presided on the grounds that the weapons' very destructiveness would determine their unemployment. His successors are fonder of the more atavistic view: they maintain and sustain an arsenal of a size and variety to ward off most, if not all, imaginable contingencies on the grounds that one side might yet achieve the capability to threaten or to launch with impunity a first strike such as would leave the recipient with no adequate response. They equally hold that much as the employment of nuclear weapons clearly could not be a rational act, rationality cannot be vouchsafed.


Purpose: This article presents national survey data related to the mental health of participants (N = 13,824) from every province in the People's Republic of China, in the period of early February, during the early days of the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus. The goal was to examine stress and anxiety levels, even as the virus was spreading across the country. This goal was facilitated by data collected specifically from Wuhan city, which was the geographical epicenter of the outbreak, Hubei, the province in which Wuhan is located, and the rest of China. Methods: The survey included a series of validated measures of mental health, as well as measured constructs such as stress and anxiety, depression, sleep, workplace wellness and social cohesion. To the extent possible, the measures had been previously validated in China and were available in Simplified Chinese, although some measures were created for the unique characteristics of the viral outbreak. The survey was distributed electronically through a network of researchers. Results: The measures were generally reliable, with expected inter-correlations. The factor structure of the Symptom Checklist-90 items was generally consistent with its conceptual dimensions. Mostly importantly, the study revealed a gradient of mental health outcomes, with participants from the city of Wuhan having the highest scores on most mental health measures, with the great Hubei province similar or slightly lower, and the rest of China having elevated, but lower scores on most outcomes. Sleep disturbance also revealed a similar gradient, with participants in the epicenter reporting the most sleep disturbance. Discussion: These results reveal the ability to capture the mental health of citizens during a viral outbreak, and the sensitivity of measures to the mental challenges such an outbreak brings. The gradient of responses revealed the spreading effect of the COVID-19 outbreak, and suggests that worse mental health is highly likely to be an outcome as a pandemic spreads. These results suggest that health officials need to attend to not only the physical and direct effects of a viral pandemic, but also to the importance of the mental health of their citizens.


Net assets value is the widely used techniques to know the fund's overall performance. NAV calculation of mutual funds in Bangladesh is guided by Bangladesh securities exchange commission (BSEC). Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio and Jensen's Alpha are the three popular indicators that are used by investor and researcher to know the performance of mutual fund. In this paper an attempt is made to evaluate the performance of 31 growth oriented mutual funds on the basis of weekly NAV and Weekly close price compared to benchmark returns. For this purpose, risk adjusted performance measures suggested by Jenson, Treynor and Sharpe are employed widely known as Treynor ratio, Sharpe ratio, and Jensen's alpha. This study found that over the research period selected mutual funds shows large negative return than and downward trend in comparison to market return.


By making comparison of either of the early federal statutes which submitted shares of national banking associations to taxation by authority of states with the existing federal statute in relation to the same subject, the conclusion is inescapable that in point of length, breadth, density and complexity, the statute in existence at this time ranks exceedingly high. If simplicity was an object which was sought to be attained when the present statute was enacted, a serious mistake was made. In the preparation of a state statute, designed to comply with the existing federal permissive law, strange and perplexing difficulties must be overcome, and innumerable legal pitfalls, most hazardous for cumbersome state legislatures to hurdle, must be seen and avoided. Attempts by many states to enact state laws to meet the in-


ARKANSAS'S UNIVERSITIES at Jonesboro, Magnolia, Monticello, and Russellville owe their existence to the Farmers' Educational and Cooperative Union. It struggled a century ago to have the legislature establish four agricultural schools in the state. These schools took many decades to flower into universities, an evolution that occurred in several stages and was by no means assured. But without the union's uncompromising demand from 1906 to 1909 for four schools, at least two of these institutions of higher education-Arkansas State University, Arkansas Tech University, Southern Arkansas University, and the University of Arkansas at Monticello-would likely not exist today. Agricultural education reform during the Progressive Era was part of a broader national impulse-the County Life Movement. It aimed generally to reverse the decline of rural America. Several approaches to spreading modern farming practices in a countryside still using traditional methods competed within the movement, including various models for agricultural education. In Arkansas, the views of the Farmers' Union triumphed with respect to the number, type, and management of agricultural schools. The union prevailed even against its allies-Arkansas educators, the General Education Board, and Gov. George W. Donaghey-who wanted fewer schools and different kinds of schools. When the Arkansas legislature in 1909 passed Act 100 to establish a "State Agricultural School" in each of four districts, the state joined the front ranks of progressive reform. Such schools at the secondary level had captured the imagination and won the support of many who worried about the widening economic and social gap between urban-industrial America and the agrarian countryside. It was made worse, they believed, by the drain of able, ambitious young people from farm to city. President Theodore Roosevelt declared in 1907: I am firmly convinced that most farmers' boys and girls should be educated through agricultural high schools and through the teaching of practical elementary agriculture in the rural common schools, so that when grown up they shall become farmers and farmers' wives. Education should be toward and not away from the farm. There must be an organized effort to restore or create the highest social condition in the country districts.1 Roosevelt favored legislation that Georgia congressmen introduced to provide federal funding for "instruction and home economics in secondary agricultural schools."2 Roosevelt's assistant secretary of agriculture, WiIlet M. Hays, confidently predicted in 1908 that soon there would be some "300 to 400 agricultural finishing schools-practically one in each country congressional district."3 The Commission on Country Life that Roosevelt established declared in 1909 that "redirected education" was of "paramount importance" and advocated three approaches: 1) the study of agriculture in "regular public school work;" 2) "specialized agricultural schools;" and 3) "extension teaching conducted by agricultural colleges by means of the printed page, face-to-face talks and demonstrations."4 A movement for agricultural schools was already underway in many states. Largely through philanthropic efforts, some agricultural and industrial schools had been built in the nineteenth century. By 1900, three states-Alabama, Minnesota, and Nebraska-had established public agricultural schools; within a decade fourteen more states had done so. The earliest agricultural schools in the South aimed their "practical" education at blacks, while the preferred educational path for whites remained a traditional liberal arts curriculum.5 Alabama, in addition to funding the Tuskegee Institute for African Americans, had, beginning in 1889, established white-only "agricultural" schools in each of its congressional districts, but these schools' curricula remained largely literary and did not emphasize agricultural training until 1908 or home economics until 1912. …


Combining with the experiences of site operation in these years, lays emphasis on analyzing the welding cracks caused during manufacturing and installing titanium equipments and their forming mechanism, the measures of preventing and eliminating the flaws, increasing the welding quality, etc.. Some matters need attention are also summed up in this paper to raise the primary percent of pass and success rate of repair.


Summary form only given. This paper is the result of a comprehensive literature review of new information system implementations within the health care environment. An introduction to the healthcare industry, including current opportunities and challenges, is offered and common critical success factors and pitfalls of system implementations are identified and discussed. In addition, organizational roles and behavior during major system changes are analyzed within the context of healthcare organizations. Finally, recommendations for further study are provided and evaluated for their potential value toward improving outcomes in system implementations at healthcare institutions.


Due to the disadvantages of low size precision of billet,low efficiency and dependence on worker's technique during traditional blank making by open-die forging,a novel process of blank making by upsetting was adopted,Small-diameter bar was upset by die on scrape pressure machine.However,folding defect was apt to occur during upsetting process.With the control of upsetting ratio,blank with no defect and uniform size was obtained.The feasibility of the plan was verified by production practice.


Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication is an important technique to increase the transmission capacity, but the increased antenna number does not necessarily increase the throughput because of more antenna interference and decoding complexity. An iterative detector-and-decoder (IDD) can effectively improve transmission performance by exchanging reliability information such as log likelihood ratio between a MIMO detector and a error-correction-code decoder, but the IDD reduces the throughput because of the iteration loop. Therefore, this paper proposes a lattice-reduction-aided (LRA) soft-output K-best detector to eliminate the iteration loop and devises an effective method to calculate the reliable information. The proposed 8 × 8 LRA soft-output K-best detector achieves a better performance than the 8 × 8 MIMO detectors in the literature. The proposed detector was designed and implemented using TSMC 90nm 1P9M CMOS process. The post-layout results show that the detector chip achieves a throughput of 6.4G LLRs/sec at its maximum frequency of 133.3 MHz with 64-QAM modulation.


In one embodiment of the invention, a cooking hob (11) is provided with a glass ceramic plate (13) and a radiant heater (18) below. Two-color pyrometer (20a, 20b) are substantially the same place at the bottom of an established cooking utensil (15) directed. They are set to two wavelength areas in which on the one hand the transmission of the glass-ceramic plate (13) is close to zero and the other close to one. Thus, the radiation intensity of the glass ceramic plate (13) can be determined based on its own heating and from the temperature calculation of the underside of an established cooking utensil (15) are eliminated.


In this study multiphoton tomography, based on second harmonic generation (SHG), and two‐photon‐excited fluorescence (TPEF) was used to visualize both the extracellular matrix and tumor cells in different morphological and molecular subtypes of human breast cancer. It was shown, that quantified assessment of the SHG based imaging data has great potential to reveal differences of collagen quantity, organization and uniformity in both low‐ and highly‐ aggressive invasive breast cancers. The values of quantity and uniformity of the collagen fibers distribution were significantly higher in low‐aggressive breast cancer compared to the highly‐aggressive subtypes, while the value representing collagen organization was lower in the former type. Additionally, it was shown, that TPEF detection of elastin fibers and amyloid protein may be used as a biomarker of detection the low‐aggressive breast cancer subtype. Thus, TPEF/SHG imaging offers the possibility of becoming a useful tool for the rapid diagnosis of various subtypes of breast cancer during biopsy as well as for the intraoperative determinination of tumor‐positive resection margins.


This chapter addressed the cooperation among libraries. It explains the classic typology of cooperative activities, the international cooperation and the objectives and characteristics of cooperation among libraries. The various cooperation for libraries types -systems, networks and consortia- are studied.


Against the backdrop of a tight financial climate, a new method of funding mental health services is being rolled out in England's National Health Service. Called payment by results (PbR), it represents a fundamental change to the way providers of psychiatric services are paid for care of patients. The Mental Health Clustering Tool has been developed to capture activity which reflects the relative needs of patients, and cluster costs are being collected by service providers. The ultimate goal is the creation of a national tariff or fixed price for each cluster. This article describes the incentives generated by PbR and gives evidence on PbR in acute physical care services where it has been in operation for a decade, with respect to efficiency, quality, volume of activity, administrative costs, upcoding or gaming, equity of provision, and cross-subsidisation. It explores the challenges for mental health services as PbR is introduced.


Geography Journal, Geography Research, Geography Science and Natural Resources Journal are the four authoritative nuclear periodicals in China's geography research. This paper gives an overall retrospect of the development of tourism geography research in the four above-mentioned periodicals since 1980s from the aspects of general introduction, tourism destinations, tourism resources and development, tourism sights, tourists' behaviors and tourism market, tourism environment and ecological tourism, and theory and methodology research by means of counting and studying the time distribution of the amount of the papers published, regional distribution of the authors of the papers published, units from which the authors of papers come, research content, and research method. Conclusion of successful experiences in tourism geography research in these four periodicals is also drawn in this paper.


The CoNiCrAlY thermal barrier coating was prepared on the surface of TiAl alloy by plasma spraying technique. SEM observation shows that the bonding between thermal barrier coating and substrate is good. The surface hardness of TiAl alloy is improved, the microhardness of the coating surface is about 673HV after the oxidation test at 850°C. The oxidation tests at 850°C show that the oxidation resistance of the samples is improved remarkably. The surface morphology and microstructure of the thermal barrier coating are determined by SEM.


Ontologies are widely used in text technology and artificial intelligence. The need to develop large ontologies for real-life applications provokes researchers to automatize ontology extension procedures. Automatic updates without the control of a human expert can generate potential conflicts between original and new knowledge. As a consequence the resulting ontology can contain inconsistencies. On the other hand, even if the information extracted from the external sources automatically is consistent with the original ontology it can be generalized unsystematically and conceptually wrong. This in turn can lead to mistakes in applications of the extended ontology. We propose an algorithm that models the process of the adaptation of an ontology to new information and regeneralizes the resulting ontology in a more intuitive way inserting additional knowledge where this is possible.


Measurements of the reactions e/sup +/+e/sup -/ ..-->.. e/sup +/+e/sup -/, ..mu../sup +/+..mu../sup -/, and tau/sup +/tau/sup -/ at PETRA energies (s/sup 1/2/=13, 17, 27.4, 30 and 31.6 GeV) are reported. The results show that these reactions agree well with the predictions of quantum electrodynamics thus determining that all the known charged leptons are point like particles to a distance < approx. 0/sup -16/ cm.


Response surface method,radial basic function,artificial neural network,and kriging method.etc,which based on experimental design,are commonly employed in the reliability calculation.In addition,they are also widely applied to structural dynamic response prediction,optimal design of complex structures and MDO.This objective of framework design is to achieve system's openness and expansibility.The software framework of experimental design and approximate models has been designed using Object-Oriented methods and the UML language.Interfaces of main classes and function definitions are proposed.The software system is developed with C++ programming language and Qt package.Four experiments design methods and two approximate models are implemented.In the software design, several common software design patterns are employed;therefore the system facilitates integration of new experimental design approaches,approximate model methods and other new models.The software system has been extended to conduct structural reliability analysis and has been verified by some benchmarks.And then it is successfully applied to design optimization of dynamic response for an engineering structure.


A feature extraction algorithm using double window is proposed for getting stable and accurate object feature.Two windows are set around the object.The small window is regarded as the initialized curve of the proposed improved snake model.The boundary of the object is fitted by an iterative algorithm based on the moving rule of the snake model,which is the inner window.The features in the inner window and outer window are extracted using the weighted histogram.The object feature is gotten based on the rule.The experiment proved that the algorithm can get better result than traditional feature extraction algorithm.


Radiationinduced modification of characteristics and parameters of the GaP junctions emitting in reds green and yellowgreen spectral regiosi are st udied. A dissociation of the ZnO complexes in redemitting juntons under neutron radiation was shown for the first time. Deep level spectrum Df the gree1i and yellowgreenemitting junctions was investigated. Ionization ene rgies and capture crosssection of six donors and two acceptors centers were determine.


The success of foreign direct investment (FDI) from developing countries to developed countries is critically dependent on managing the differences in the knowledge bodies of the regions and players involved. The theories that at least partly explain successful FDI of this kind use the terms cognitive distance and embeddedness. Most of the empirical research takes the perspective of regions and has addressed the problem of becoming embedded in the host regions. This paper takes the firm perspective and examines cognitive distance regarding not only the host region, but also the knowledge of the firms involved. It uses qualitative information from an extensive study of Chinese affiliates in Germany. In contrast to many other studies, this paper shows that a fast and successful process of becoming embedded in the host region can hamper the subsidiary's success, as it may cause conflict with the parent firm.


This article presents a basic current-mode building block for analog signal processing, namely current controlled current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCCCTA). Its parasitic resistance at current input port can be controlled by an input bias current. It is very suitable for use in current-mode signal processing, which is becoming more popular than voltage mode. The proposed element is realized in a bipolar technology and the performances are examined through PSPICE simulations, displaying usabilities of the new active element. The CCCCTA performs tuning over a wide current range. The description includes some examples as a current-mode universal biquad filter, voltage-mode universal biquad filter, a grounded inductance simulator, a current-mode multiplier/divider and an oscillator. They occupy only a single CCCCTA.


The article, based on an analysis of data obtained empirically, are the results of the formation of a military-professional competence of students at various levels in accordance with the pre-base criterion. The authors substantiate the relevance of such work, consider the results


Background: The use of herbal extracts could represent an advantageous approach for treating sleeping disorders, especially in mild-to-moderate conditions, before the onset of a specific therapy with first-line drugs. Specifically, the focus was posed about the use of extracts from Valeriana officinalis, Ziziphus jujuba, and Humulus lupulus. Multiple studies demonstrated the efficacy of these medicinal plants to positively manage insomnia symptoms. Additionally, their efficacy in the treatment of sleeping disorders could also be improved by their pharmacological association. In the present study, extracts from Valeriana officinalis, Ziziphus jujuba, Humulus lupulus, melatonin, and their pharmacological association, Vagonotte® MEL, were studied for potential application in the treatment of insomnia. Methods: The extracts and melatonin were tested on hypothalamic neurons and tissue for evaluating biocompatibility and protective and neuromodulatory effects. The neuromodulatory effects were evaluated as orexin A gene expression and serotonin steady state level, in the hypothalamus. Results: The extracts and melatonin, although with evident differences, were effective as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents; additionally, they were also able to reduce the hypothalamic gene expression of orexin A and the steady state level of serotonin, playing master roles in wakefulness. It is noteworthy that the formulation displayed all the effects of the single ingredients, without any sign of toxicity and pharmacological interference in the hypothalamus. Conclusions: Concluding, the present study explored the biological effects of melatonin and herbal extracts with phytotherapy interest in V. officinalis, Z. jujuba, and H. lupulus. The study demonstrated their intrinsic scavenging/reducing activity, together with protective and neuromodulatory effects in the hypothalamus, with a significant reduction of both orexin A gene expression and serotonin steady state level. Additionally, the study also considered their pharmacological association, which displayed an overall pharmacological spectrum mirroring, including all the effects of the single ingredients, without showing any sign of toxicity in the brain and interference between the extracts and melatonin.


Examines the Finance Act 1988, which introduced significant reforms to the calculation of capital gains tax (CGT). Briefly outlines the nature of the main changes concerning the taxation of transactions in land and assesses their likely impact on property valuation and valuers.


Following the annexation of Crimea earlier this year, the EU has implemented escalating sanctions against Russia. Borja Guijarro-Usobiaga writes on the impact the sanctions are having on both Russia and Europe. He argues that with neither Russia nor the West willing to make unilateral concessions to solve the crisis, the most likely result is a lasting political deadlock until the costs experienced by both sides provide incentives to normalise relations.


THE IMPETUS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RHEUMATOLOGY Many years ago, I had a brief meeting with Frank Dudley Hart, a pioneer in the field of Rheumatology who was responsible for classifying the disease and introducing modern therapies. That 'brief' meeting instilled my interest in 'Rheumatology'. I gradually became more and more interested in the field mainly because it runs right through the field of general medicine, and presents immense clinical, therapeutic, social, and research challenges. In many countries, including Singapore, rheumatology was not recognised a specialty until the 1970s. Slowly, but eventually, it was acknowledged that rheumatic disorders are prevalent in all countries but strikingly different in different races and countries, and in most countries, the area is virtually untapped and the disorders are an unopened book. The management and treatment of rheumatic diseases calls for a combination of psychology, pharmacology, occupational medicine, and general medicine1. With the recognition of all these aspects, the field slowly started getting needed attention.


This research textbook, designed for young Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) researchers beginning their careers, surveys the research models and methods in use today and offers a general framework to bring together the disparate concepts. HCI spans many disciplines and professions, including information science, applied psychology, computer science, informatics, software engineering and social science making it difficult for newcomers to get a good overview of the field and the available approaches. The book's rigorous 'approach-and-framework' response is to the challenge of retaining growth and diversification in HCI research by building up a general framework from approaches for Innovation, Art, Craft, Applied, Science and Engineering. This general framework is compared with other HCI frameworks and theories for completeness and coherence, all within a historical perspective of dissemination success. Readers can use this as a model to design and assess their own research frameworks and theories against those reported in the literature.


The invention discloses a method for producing low-methanol purple sweet potato liquor. The method mainly comprises the steps of: cleaning and peeling purple sweet potatoes, crushing, adding organic acid acidified water, grinding, and carrying out residue-liquid separation so as to prepare potato residues and pigment liquid for standby; adding an appropriate amount of water to the potato residues, carrying out pectinase enzymolysis, and separating to remove a water phase; and carrying out gelatinization, liquefaction and saccharification on the enzymatic potato residues, adding the standby pigment liquid, carrying out vacuum concentration until the saccharide content is 18-23%, inoculating and fermenting so as to obtain purple sweet potato fermenting sediment liquor, and carrying out filtering, aging and sterilizing processes, thereby obtaining the purple sweet potato liquor. According to the purple sweet potato liquor produced by the method, the color is bright, the anthocyanin content is higher than 200 mg/L, and the methanol content is lower than 100 mg/L.


The public use doctrine in eminent domain seemed so sedentary, quietly resting on a bed of firm precedent. Then, in July 2004, the Michigan Supreme Court prodded this ugly critter to its feet when it reversed its 23-year-old, pro-government precedent established in a case known simply as "Poletown." Poletown had been the polestar decision for those who favored government having the power to take private property to support private economic development. The 1981 Poletown decision was the most expansive decision on eminent domain after the U.S. Supreme Court's bedrock ruling in Herman v. Parker in 1954. For the most part, Poletown put the public use issue into a somnolent state.


The bewildering succession of archaeological discoveries in Western Europe' especially since the establishing of the Institut of de Paléontologie Humane, has so far resulted in little more than confusion in the lay mind. Facts were abundant in the fields of geology, anthropology, archaeology, climatology, paleobotony, zoology, etc., for a synthetic study of gigantic proportions. This task the author has undertaken and performed. How well he has succeeded we can determine only after a scrutiny of the work has been made by specialists in the several fields covered. The author recognizes the difficulties involved in any attempt &dquo;to place this long chapter of prehistory on an historical basis,&dquo; but is convinced of its value, hence this work. Further study and criticism of material, and especially


In the past 20 years, NAND flash has un der gone dramatic scaling, with 2D NAND feature size going from 400 nm in 1998 to 15 nm in 2012 and 3D NAND increasing from 24 layers to 128 layers in just the past seven years. NAND density, expressed in terms of gigabits per square millimeter, has increased 100,000 times in the past 22 years [1]. Aside from physical scaling, NAND logical scaling has also undergone a transformation, evolving from singlelevel cell (SLC) to two bits per cell (MLC) to triplelevel cell (TLC) and now four bits per cell (QLC), which has been incorporated into many products. NAND die capacity has grown from 128 Mb in 2000 to 1.33 Tb in 2020.


A new nanoparticle-containing imaging agent for visualising the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that will permit the performance of non-invasive and real-time functional studies of the intestine, has been described by Zhang et al.1 Current non-invasive imaging approaches tend to involve exposure to radiation, or suffer from lack of appropriate contrast, thus limiting studies that require the visualisation of dynamic gut processes. However, the development of a family of nanoparticles that provide good optical contrast for photoacoustic imaging, while simultaneously being able to withstand degradation in the GI tract and to avoid systemic absorption, will improve investigations. Furthermore, as FDA-approved agents were used to produce the nanoparticles, they are safe for use in humans. In order to obtain as much information as possible non-invasively, the team combined two techniques — photoacoustic imaging, to acquire high-definition images, and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, to visualise deeper tissues. The authors hope that their approach, with the ability to produce images of deep inside the body and a view of the intestine in relation to the body, could potentially induce a paradigm shift that allows for the much more routine examination of intestinal function.2


It is widely believed that DC, but not macrophages, prime naïve T cells in vivo. Here, we investigated the ability of CD68‐expressing cells (commonly defined as macrophages) in priming autoreactive T cells and initiating collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) in the mouse. For this purpose, a transgenic mouse was developed (MBQ mouse) where macrophages exclusively expressed the MHC class II H2‐Aq (Aq) on an H2‐Ap (Ap) background. Aq, but not Ap expression mediates susceptibility to CIA through presentation of type II collagen (CII) to T cells. CIA severity is enhanced by a mutation in the Ncf1 gene, impairing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2) complex. Expression of functional Ncf1 on macrophages was previously shown to protect from severe CIA. To study the effect of ROS on macrophage‐mediated priming of T cells, the Ncf1 mutation was introduced in the MBQ mouse. Upon CII immunization, Ncf1‐mutated MBQ mice, but not Ncf1 wild‐type MBQ mice nor Ncf1‐mutated Ap mice, activated autoreactive T cells and developed CIA. These findings demonstrate for the first time that macrophages can initiate arthritis and that the process is negatively regulated by ROS produced via the NOX2 complex.


We treat the calculation of gravitational radiation using the mixed timelike-null initial value formulation of general relativity. The determination of an exterior radiative solution is based on boundary values on a timelike world tube $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ and on characteristic data on an outgoing null cone emanating from an initial cross section of $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$. We present the details of a three-dimensional computational algorithm which evolves this initial data on a numerical grid, which is compactified to include future null infinity as finite grid points. A code implementing this algorithm is calibrated in the quasispherical regime. We consider the application of this procedure to the extraction of waveforms at infinity from an interior Cauchy evolution, which provides the boundary data on $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$. This is a first step towards Cauchy-characteristic matching in which the data flow at the boundary $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ is two-way, with the Cauchy and characteristic computations providing exact boundary values for each other. We describe strategies for implementing matching and show that for small target error it is much more computationally efficient than alternative methods.


Putting the right information security architecture into practice within an organization can be a daunting challenge. Many organizations have implemented a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) to comply with the logging requirements of various security standards, only to find that it does not meet their information security expectations. According to a recent survey, more than half of respondents say they are not satisfied with their organization's SIEM. The following case study deconstructs these logging requirements and the assumptions that lead to a typical SIEM implementation, and discusses an alternative approach focused on improving the organization's return on investment, decreasing security risk, and decreasing mean time to detection of a potential security breach. © 2 01 8 T he SA NS In sti tut e, Au tho r R eta ins Fu ll R igh ts © 2018 The SANS Institute Author retains full rights. Generating Anomalies Improves Return on Investment 2 Wes Earnest, email@example.com


NGOs Communication : Are States to be Concerned ?
Governments frequently complain that their international and diplomatic agenda is partially determined by Non-Governmental Organisations' (NGOs) priorities and the media pressure that usually goes along with it. However, is there a general NGOs agenda towards governments ? Or even a media-related NGOs pressure ? On the other hand, NGOs communication campaigns, initially intended to fund raising, tend more and more to supervise journalists and the information they convey. Could it be said then that NGOs have established a favourable media framework related to their priorities ?


Youth-centered health services have become a global practice and South Africa is no exception. This paper describes a project conducted in Mangaung in 2018 using cultural consensus modeling. We conducted 25 interviews and used a combination of hermeneutics, phenomenology theory, and thematic analysis. Our research found that girls in our sample have confidentiality concerns associated with the stigma of attending a clinic and cannot talk openly about sex and HIV. Themes related to negative experiences included the lack of confidentiality, the stigma of HIV, the lack of professional neutrality, failure to understand adolescents, poor service, systemic problems (long queues), and administrative problems. Positive themes included believing that clinics could help prevent pregnancy, provide information, create a safe space, and help with moral support. Moreover, some interviewees reported that services were good and that they provided products and support that were not available from home. However, many said they had to attend public clinics because they could not afford private alternatives. Some said the clinics offered a safe space and staff have positive attitudes. In the absence of discussions about sex at home, the clinics ultimately perform an important function, but systemic problems remain. More can be done by schools and households to reduce the stigma associated with sex and HIV.


About 90% of NTDs occur without a history of an affected sibling or parent. From available data, routine screening of all 2nd trimester maternal sera has the potential of early prenatal detection of 60-80% of anencephaly and 30-50% of spina bifida. Me have done radioimmunoassays on 1608 maternal sera collected mainly from patients attending for routine antenatal care in early-mid pregnancy. Among 1060 women (pregnancy outcome known in 399 thus far) between 10-24 weeks gestation, there were 48 with fetal loss or major malformation. Of these, 16 had AFP levels > +3 S.D. above the mean (anencephaly (8), fetal loss (4), encephalocele (1), cong. nephrosis (i), fetal growth retard. (1), myelomeningocele (1). Raised AFP levels were noted in twins (2) and 5 normal pregnancies. Pregnancies with an untoward outcome which were not signaled by a raised serum AFP conc. included an open myelomeningocele (1), fetal death (1), Siamese twins (10), spontaneous abortion (18), fetal growth retard. (1), chromosomal abnormalities (2), and others. Assays were done on a research and not a clinical basis, while normal ranges were established. Even in retrospect the number of unnecessary amniocenteses because of falsely elevated serum AFP appears small. Maternal serum AFP screening warrants continuing evaluation.


There is a close connection between Riemann differentiable function and continuous function.The essay tries to prove that Riemann differentiable function on closed interval [a,b] is continuous function on density set of [a,b],and one related example is given as well.


The paper is a discussion of D.R. Peacock's lexicographic resource
―Original Vocabularies of Five West Caucasian Languages‖ and provides
information about the author and his work. The English headwords are
accompanied by their translations in the languages spoken in Georgia:
Georgian, Megrelian (―Mingrelian‖), Laz (―Lazian‖), Svan (―Swanetian‖),
and Abkhazian. With a number of positive aspects, Peacock's ―Vocabularies‖
should be considered a significant vestige in the history of English-Caucasian
lexicography which can yield much valuable information as a result of the
thorough investigation of individual entries and their translation equivalents in
the five Caucasian languages spoken in Georgia.


Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, diminishing the body's ability to produce insulin. Currently, over 1.2 million people are affected by this disease in the United States with the only treatment being exogenous insulin. The ideal preventative treatment of diabetes would be to target the interventional window during the critical pre-diabetic stage to inhibit the complete loss of pancreatic β-cells. Cornus officinalis (CO) is considered a source of novel therapeutics for this purpose due to prior reports and work from our laboratory (Mol. and Cell. Endo.2019:494:110491) demonstrating that CO may protect β-cells from autoimmune mediated cytotoxicity and enhance function. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of how CO may be biologically impacting a human pancreatic β-cell line (1.1B4), we previously performed a global and phosphorylation mass spectrometry analysis revealing an increased phosphorylation of p62, which is an important regulator of autophagy. To validate the mass spectrometry results and determine if CO is truly capable of inducing pancreatic β-cell autophagy, we examined LC3 expression which serves as a typical marker for autophagic membranes. 1.1B4 cells were treated with CO for 6 and 12 hours with at concentrations of 500 and 1000 µg/ml, respectively. Cells were fixed with formaldehyde and permeabilized with Triton X-100 followed by fluorescent detection with an LC3 antibody along with DAPI nuclear staining. The cells and nuclei were then imaged using a florescent microscope and it was discovered that upon treatment of CO, an increase in cytoplasmic LC3 puncta was markedly observed as compared to untreated controls. Western analysis also demonstrated increased expression of intracellular LC3 upon CO induction. We then went on to confirm the autophagic process by immunoblotting of p62, which is a cargo receptor for autophagy. Immunoblotting demonstrated increased expression of phosphorylated p62 in a concentration and time dependent manner after treatment with CO. Altogether, CO appears to increase expression in the critical markers of autophagy and suggests that CO may have potential as a T1D interventional therapy by promoting protective autophagy in the pancreatic β-cells.


Abstract : Straightforward application of object oriented design to standard algorithms in numerical linear algebra improves clarity and expressiveness, without sacrificing speed or accuracy.


T HE Church today is faced with its perennial problem of clerical and religious vocations in a more than usually acute stage. The problem itself, with its consequent problems of fostering and promoting vocations, has theological roots, the study of which goes far towards concentrating effort on the heart of the problem; and, indeed, goes to the depths of much of modern disorder within the family, the nation, and society. It is the purpose of this study to expose those theological roots to plain view. Such an aim must not be interpreted as in any way a reflection on the highly intelligent attention the problem of ecclesiastical vocations has been receiving in this country. Under the auspices of The Missionary Union of The Clergy, conferences have been held in different parts of the country year by year, and studies have been made from almost every angle of the question of vocations.1 The acute needs of the Church for


In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method includes creating a plurality of data packets. Each data packet of the plurality of data packets includes a cellular signal having a plurality of coded. A plurality of data packets are transmitted over a data network associated with at least one sector serviced by a plurality of transceivers (RRH), at least one of the plurality of transceivers broadcasts the data packet . Position of the mobile station (120) is determined based on multipath received in connection with the response from the mobile station for at least one broadcast of a plurality of data packets.


Abstract The incorporation of urea nitrogen into protein and other nitrogenous compounds by mixed cultures of rumen bacteria grown on cellulose was studied in vitro, using trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and tungstic acid (TA) as protein precipitants. Tungstic acid precipitated more protein from the in vitro rumen fermentation than did trichloroacetic acid. TCA was shown to precipitate mainly cellular debris, whereas tungstic acid precipitated the soluble cellular and extracellular proteins as well. Total nitrogen in the in vitro fermentation mixture was accounted for in the following nitrogenous fractions: protein, peptide, amide, ammonia, and a trace of residual urea. Nitrogenous fractions precipitated by tungstic acid gave a better estimate of bacterial growth. Synthesis of this fraction followed more closely the build-up of total cell nitrogen and was more highly correlated with bacterial activity than the nitrogenous fraction precipitated by trichloroacetic acid. The growth-limiting effect of low valeric acid fermentations was reflected in the amounts of cytoplasmic proteins synthesized, but the build-up of cellular debris was not restricted.


A fascinating case for the study not only of late fifth-century Athenian politics; but also of social history and social anthropology is that of Dieitrephes from the deme Scambonidae. Members of his family feature prominently in the narratives of Herodotus and Thucydides; they assumed high offices under the Athenian democracy throughout the fifth century. The family's aristocratic origins are beyond dispute, yet Dieitrephes participated in the oligarchy of the Four Hundred and seems to have followed the lowly occupation of wicker flask manufacturer.


ABSTRACT The civil war that occurred in China between the Communists and the Nationalists won by the Communists controlled mainland China as well. Nationalists were defeated, out of China and Taiwan as well as occupying three islands off the coast that Jinmen, Mazu, and Dazhen. Communist China tried to invade Taiwan and the third island away from the other coast to complement China. Conflict occurs when crossing the Communists attempted to occupy Taiwan, while Taiwan wants to be independent. Since going on the Taiwan Strait conflict, China and Taiwan are closed to each other each "opponent" they are. This of course results in China and Taiwan as it were a separate region. China does not want Taiwan to be its own country (independent) so that invade Taiwan to be able to invade Taiwan back. However, be aware that through the invasion of China, Taiwan is not going back to China. Plus, the encouragement of international conflict between the two countries so that this can be resolved by peaceful means. To that end, China's approach to Taiwan through "initiatives Beijing" as an attempt reunification of Taiwan. At that time, the conflict in the Taiwan Strait was a quiet period. Peace of the Taiwan Strait period circa 1962-1994. Taiwan reunification efforts can be evaluated from the activity of the Taiwan Strait, especially in economic relations. Keywords : Taiwan Strait conflict, foreign policy, China-Taiwan reunification


PURPOSE: A cathode active material and a manufacturing method thereof, and a secondary battery and a super capacitor with the same is provided to improve a charging/discharging rate and improve cycle properties by manufacturing a composite cathode active material and carbon nano tube of which conductivity is excellent. CONSTITUTION: A cathode active material comprises a lithium titanium oxide(115), a silicon(120), and a carbon nanotube(130). The lithium titanium oxide is inserted into the carbon nanotube. The diameter of the lithium titanium oxide is 20nm-100nm. The silicon is inserted into the carbon nanotube. The silicon is a single-particle. A manufacturing method thereof comprises: a step of preparing the carbon nanotube, a mesophase of the lithium titanium oxide, and the silicon; a step of inserting the silicon into the carbon nanotube; a step of inserting the mesophase of the lithium titanium oxide into the carbon nanotube; a step of heat-treating the inserted silicon and mesophase of the lithium titanium oxide.


The article analyzes motivation and demotivation factors affecting the work of the public sector. The study determines the essence and nature of motivation. Modern motivation types and theories are considered. The concepts of motivation management in public administration are studied.The main motivation and demotivation factors affecting labor productivity and efficiency in the public service are identified and analyzed. Modern concepts of public administration in terms of education management, training of public administrators are studied. With the help of comparative analysis tools, the basic components of motivation management systems in the public administration sector are studied on the example of EU countries. Changes in motivation systems (including those related to restructuring salary) are analyzed on the example of civil servants of the EU countries. The relationship is revealed between career models of civil servants in Western Europe and the size of their payment.A model is developed for assessing the influence of motivating and demotivating factors on the results of a civil servant's work. Such a model is based on the experience of developed countries of the EU and the USA, as well as on the basic principles of the social exchange theory. The results of the study are universal in nature and may be applicable while studying methods and tools of motivation management in the public administration sector.


The maximum independent set problem is a classical NP-hard problem in theoretical computer science. In this work, we study a special case where the family of graphs considered is restricted to intersection graphs of sets of axis-aligned hyperrectangles and the input is provided in an online fashion. We prove bounds on the competitive ratio of an optimal online algorithm under the adaptive offline, adaptive online, and oblivious adversary models, for several classes of hyperrectangles and restrictions on the order of the input. We are the first to present results on this problem under the oblivious adversary model. We prove bounds on the competitive ratio for unit hypercubes, $\sigma$-bounded hypercubes, unit-volume hypercubes, arbitrary hypercubes, and arbitrary hyperrectangles, in both arbitrary and non-dominated order. We are also the first to present results under the adaptive offline and adaptive online adversary models with input in non-dominated order, proving bounds on the competitive ratio for the same classes of hyperrectangles; for input in arbitrary order, we present the first results on $\sigma$-bounded hypercubes, unit-volume hyperrectangles, arbitrary hypercubes, and arbitrary hyperrectangles. For input in dominating order, we show that the performance of the naive greedy algorithm matches the performance of an optimal offline algorithm in all cases. We also give lower bounds on the competitive ratio of a probabilistic greedy algorithm under the oblivious adversary model. We conclude by discussing several promising directions for future work.


We study properties of quasihyperbolic geodesics on Banach spaces. For example, we show that in a strictly convex Banach space with the Radon-Nikodym property, the quasihy- perbolic geodesics are unique. We also give an example of a convex domain in a Banach space such that there is no geodesic between any given pair of points x,y ∈ . In addition, we prove that if X is a uniformly convex Banach space and its modulus of convexity is of a power type, then every geodesic of the quasihyperbolic metric, defined on a proper subdomain of X, is smooth.


The report is devoted to the problem of spiritual and moral value's translation during religious communication from sociological perspective. Specificity of religious communication in the translation of spiritual and moral value orientations which can be revealed through the identification of its features. We considered religious communication on the example of Christian preaching. Christian preaching, from a sociological point of view, is a specific type of religious communication. The sermon differs from the usual communication between believers (for example, story of faith or other "advertising" practices such as religious public dancing). These form of religious communication is localized in a certain space-time continuum. In the Christian religion, the locus is the church, where the religious professional start the communication with the believers. Specificity of the value-normative system of Christianity is determined by doctrinal statements, moralizing and ritual rules. The whole system of Christian activity is determinated by the main religiously justified goal - the salvation of the soul. The meaning of the basic Christian value is implemented at the level of religious organizations and concrete religious communications. The sermon, like any communicative system, has a set of meanings and themes, connected with some religious festivals or other events included in sacred calendar. The understanding of preaching is achieved at the level of religious interaction due to the fact there is a resource of sacral knowledge in the communicative system. Specificity of the communicative level of the sermon is based on the meaning fixed in the unchanged sacral text, which has inviolable status. An appeal to the authority of the sacred text, was named by N. Luman "third subject who are not present". It the main characteristic of preaching as religious communication.

Thus, on the example of religious communication in Christianity we made the conclusion that the sermon is one of the communicative means of spiritual and moral value's translation.


In 1913, Niels Bohr developed an accurate model for the hydrogen atom. The mathematics involved and the simplicity of this model is easily understood. The intention of the paper is not to replace Bohr's model, but to find a similar model for all atoms. The model discussed, which was developed on the same basis as Bohr's model for the hydrogen atom, calculates the radii and the energies of the orbits. The wavelength of an emitted photon when an electron makes a 'jump' from a higher state to a lower state can also be calculated from the model. Finally, the paper demonstrates that the model obeys the de Broglie's hypothesis that the moving electron exhibits both wave and particle properties.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the issue of assessing the value of social design research. It locates the emergence of social design practice and research against a background in which public and social organisations are increasingly bureaucratised as a result of New Public Management and shifts to New Public Governance. Within universities, too, organisational processes and structures require research to demonstrate impact within an audit culture. Through the study presented in this paper, we claim that the bureaucracies found in contemporary academia are ill-equipped to adequately assess generative, impactful, and multi-sited research in which value is co-produced with diverse participants. This presents challenges when attempting to understand the value of social design research. Building on social research and studies of innovation policy, sustainable human-computer interaction and evaluation, we define social design research as inventive, contingent, and political. To address the issue of its evaluation, we propose two-stage social design research. In the first stage, research issues, questions, methods, data, and 'proto-publics' are assembled, which reveal the conflicting framings and ways that value is assessed. These are re-assembled in a second stage during which the research is stabilised. The findings have implications for research managers, academics and their partners, and university administrators.


Cyclopropenes are small and highly reactive compounds; however, their synthesis poses significant challenges. This study presents a novel synthetic route for producing a stable and versatile cyclopropene precursor. This approach...


In this paper, we present work on control of autonomous vehicle formations in the context of the coordinated stando tracking problem . The objective is to use a team of unmanned aircraft to fly a circular orbit around a moving target with prescribed inter-vehicle angular spacing using only local information. We use the recently introduced Lyapunov guidance vector field approach to achieve the desired circular trajectory. The contributions of this paper involve both single vehicle path planning and multiple vehicle coordination. For single vehicle path planning, we complete a proof of heading convergence using feedback, which has thus far not been fully addressed in the literature, and also oer a novel approach for heading convergence that does not require continuous feedback in the ideal case (no wind, stationary target), taking advantage of an analytical solution to the guidance field. Further, we use a variable airspeed controller to maintain the circular trajectory despite unknown wind and unknown constant velocity target motion. Adaptive estimates of the unknown wind and target motion are introduced to ensure stability to the circular trajectory. A novel feature of our results is rigorous satisfaction of vehicle specific kinematic constraints on heading rates and airspeed variations. For multiple vehicle coordination, we again use a variable airspeed controller to achieve the prescribed angular spacing. In an eort towards a unified framework for control of autonomous vehicle formations, we make a connection with some recent work that addresses information architecture in vehicle formations using graph theory. Specifically, we utilize two types of information architectures, symmetric and asymmetric, and implement decentralized control laws. The information architectures are scalable in the sense that the number of required communication/sensing links increases linearly with the number of vehicles. The control laws are decentralized in the sense that they use only local information.


Abstract : Despite new testing circuitry, it proved impossible to obtain the desired data showing the effect, if any, of crystalline anisotropy on the I-V tunneling characteristic. This resulted fromA COMBINATION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF TUNNELING RESISTANCE LEADING TO VERY HIGH VALUES AT LOW TEMPERATURES AND EFFECTS ATTRIBUTED TO PICKUP ACROSS THE HIGH RESISTANCE THAT RESULTED. Further work with aluminum appears unlikely of success and attention has been turned to the use of single crystal tin. The performance of superconducting tunneling assemblies as detectors at low radio frequencies has been examined both experimentally and analytically. A description is given of the circuit and the manner in which data were taken. Results are presented typical of the two types of behavior obtained, square law and linear. The effect of the presence of radio frequency on the I-V characteristic is analyzed in detail. The analysis is particularized to the case of superconducting tunneling by use of an equivalent circuit formalism. Expressions are obtained giving the rectified current and voltage in terms of the parameters describing the I-V curve of the device. (Author)


Some ideas of the philosophy which should be applied when developing our future transport systems are presented. An idea is explained for an integrated transport scheme and a parallel-connected linear motor (PCLM) which will be used in the proposed scheme is described.


The title says it all: CPAs have to stay in touch. Whether they are in public accounting and serving clients or employed by a company and dealing with colleagues, customers or vendors, accountants must be able to access a wide range of information from many locations and share it with others near and far. We've come a long ways since Alexander Graham Bell blurted out to his assistant on the first experimental telephone, "Come here, Mr. Watson, I need you." This article will explore where communications technology is today, where it is going and how CPAs can harness some of the new applications to stay ahead of the curve. Let's look at an array of communications vehicles--hardware, software and services--designed to help CPAs stay in touch. CALLING UP INFORMATION Take note of the abbreviation CTI. You'll be hearing it often and from many different sources-clients, suppliers and customers. And surely your competition will be aware of CTI. The letters stand for computer-telephone integration, and it's revolutionizing communications in general and telephones in particular. The easiest way to describe CTI is through this scenario: Your phone rings and your computer instantly recognizes the incoming number, associates it with a client, customer, vendor or colleague, for example. Before you lift the telephone handset a file that includes all the essential information about that person and his or her business flashes on your computer screen. While you're talking, you can add, subtract or edit the data. In fact, if the caller rang you from a different phone--a home phone, say--that new number can be added to the profile so that in the future your computer will recognize it. If the call must be forwarded to another person in your organization, a touch of an icon on the screen transfers not only the call but also the data file. And, as if that's not enough, add these dividends: * You pick up any phone in your office or outside, dial your computer server and your e-mail (not voice mail) is read to you. * You're on the phone when a second call comes in and a screen tells you immediately who it is. If you choose not to take it, with the push of button you can activate one of your many customized outgoing messages--not the canned message that most callers get. * You want to add two other colleagues to a conversation. Without getting off the line, you click on an icon and add the others. What makes all this possible? Telephones (and entire PBX systems) are increasingly being connected to office computers. It's likely that business telephone systems of the future will have CTI systems built in or offered as an option. Every major player in the computer industry is targeting CTI as the next big push. Intel, Microsoft, Novell and AT&T are each taking a slightly different approach to what they see as a pot of gold for them and a wondrous new technological tool for their customers. In the meantime, scores of smaller companies are trying to get a foot in the door with products that perform one or several of the functions mentioned above. See the sidebar on page 59 for product names and phone numbers. Some companies, especially large telemarketers, already use some form of CTI. Can you install it? Sure, but for a comprehensive system be prepared to pay a hefty price--running into the six and even seven figures. However, for a look at CTI on a limited scale, acquire a copy of any sophisticated contact management software, such as ACT!. When linked with caller ID, it uses that identification to bring to the screen any previously stored contact management data. Until recently the growth of CTI was handicapped by very high prices and a lack of standards for the hardware and software. Thus few CTI elements were interchangeable. To upgrade your system or add options, you probably had to stay with the same hardware manufacturer or software vendor. That is changing: Within the past few months a set of standards has been hammered out by the computer and phone industries, making it easier to mix and match software, computers and telephone systems. …


Based on Sr and Pb isotopic records of polymetallic nodules and ferromanganese crusts from the Eastern Pacific Basin and the Central Pacific Ocean, Sr and Pb isotopic relationship in water of the Pacific Ocean is discussed. The study suggests that δ 87 Sr ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) does not relate with 206 Pb/ 204 Pb, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb, because the residence time of Sr is 5 Ma, over three orders of magnitude longer than the ocean mixing time of 1.5 Ka or so, and Pb has a residence time about 100 a. As a result, strontium isotope ratios are uniform in the oceans, and are useful for tracing changes occurring in the whole ocean over timescales of 10 5~10 6 years, whereas lead isotopes are more sensitive than strontium to variation in local inputs and changes through time.


The Electrical Asymmetry Effect (EAE) provides control of the mean ion energy at the electrodes of multi-frequency capacitively coupled radio frequency plasmas (CCP) by tuning the DC self-bias via adjusting the relative phase(s) between the consecutive driving harmonics. Depending on the electron power absorption mode, this phase control affects the ion flux in different ways. While it provides separate control of the mean ion energy and flux in the α-mode, limitations were found in the γ- and Drift-Ambipolar modes. In this work, based on experiments as well as kinetic simulations, the EAE is investigated in the striation-mode, which is present in electronegative CCPs driven by low frequencies. The discharge is operated in CF4 and is driven by two consecutive harmonics (4/8 MHz). The simulation results are validated against measurements of the DC self-bias and the spatio-temporally resolved dynamics of energetic electrons. To include heavy particle induced secondary electron emission realistically, a new computationally assisted diagnostic is developed to determine the corresponding secondary electron emission coefficient from a comparison of the DC self-bias obtained experimentally and from the simulations. Based on the validated simulation results, the EAE is found to provide separate control of the mean ion energy and flux in the striation mode, while the axial charged particle density profiles and the number of striations change as a function of the relative phase. This is understood based on an analysis of the ionization dynamics.


which a tourniquet has been applied. He found that in laboratory animals the application of a tourniquet to a severely injured extremity for a five-hour period resulted in a higher mortality rate than when no tourniquet was used. However, if the traumatizedextremity was cooled with ice, the ill effects of shutting off the blood supply to the injured part were lessened. These findings are probably explained by the local ischremiaplus the trauma resulting in more deleteriouschangesthan are causedby the trauma alone. In addition, when the part is cooled the slowing of the metabolic processeslessensthe importance of the ischremia. In practicea tourniquet should be used only when unavoidable and should be released at intervals. These experimentsconfirm the undesirability of a tourniquet in the treatmentof shockedpatients. Also, if a tourniquet is essentialfor more than a few minutes it would seem advisable to cool the traumatized limb. When a patient is admitted to hospital in a shocked condition, an erudite discussion of shock, its causesand treatment,are not required by the patient. The practical aspectsof the subject are then more important, and he will benefit most if antishock measuresare readily available and are applied. In most well-equipped hospitals theseantishock measuresare at hand; but only too often is time lost in performing the pathologicaltests which are supplementaryto a careful history and physical examination in determining the details of treatment to be employed. This delay is most easily obviated by the maintenance of a "shock cart" as suggestedby J. Scudder.' The "shock cart" should contain sufficient apparatusto determine the hremoglobin value, the total protein of the plasma, the specific gravity of the plasma,the hrematocrit readingon the venousblood, and the specific gravity of the peripheral blood (it is in the capillaries that hsemoconcentrationwhich foretells of the approachingfall of blood pressurefirst appears). Some of thesetests may be thought superfluous,but when dealing with such a condition as surgical shock in which the patient's life is often at stake and which is imperfectly understood, nothing but good can come from their use. Scudderpoints out the value of a changingspecific gravity or hrematocrit reading. In shock, except that due to hzamorrhage,a decreasinghrematocrit reading indicates that the blood volume is being restored,whereas,on the other hand, if hremoconcentrationis increasing in spite of treatment, either the lesion is overwhelming or else the supportive therapy is insufficient or incorrect. It is all very well in some cases to deprecatepathological tests and to boost clinical examination; but in surgical shock reliance on elinical examinationalone often acts to the detriment of the patient, for it fails to detect slight changes in his condition, and therefore the failure to use ancillary methods of examination must be regarded as due to ignoranceor to laziness. If the apparatusis readily available, the few minutes necessaryfor these tests would not be a causefor delay in treatment,the excusethat is usually offered for their neglect. As regards anresthesia for patients who have been shocked, each method has its own advocates, most of whom consider they are right. In an attempt to confirm his clinical impressionsof the value of nitrous oxide over ether for these patients, C. S. Dafoe' induced shock in rabbits by intestinal stripping, and then four hours later the animals were again anresthetized. His results suggest that the administration of ether to shocked animals increasedthe mortality rate more than did either nitrous oxide or cyclopropane. There is, however, some question as to the parallelism of shock in man and animals, and these results cannot be consideredas conclusive for man. As R. C. Adams and J. S. Lundy' point out, the evaluation of antishock measuresby a considerationof a falling mortality rate among patients who have suffered from surgical shock must include an appreciation of improvements in operative procedures,of the evolution of less toxic anrestheticagentsand of improved methodsfor their


The most general Lorentz invariant spin-correlation functions for $\tau ^{-}\rightarrow \rho ^{-}\nu ,a_1^{-}\nu ,K^{*-}\nu , \pi ^{-}\nu ,K^{-}\nu $ are expressed in terms of eight semi-leptonic parameters. They are physically defined in terms of tau-decay partial-width-intensities for polarized-final-states. The parameters are also expressed in terms of a ``$(V-A)\ +\ $additional chiral coupling'' structure in the ${J^{Charged}}_{Lepton}$ current, so as to bound the scales $\Lambda $\ for ``new physics'' such as arising from leptonic CP violation, tau weak magnetism, weak electricity, and/or second-class currents. The two tests for leptonic CP violation in $\tau \rightarrow \rho \nu \ $ decay are generalized to $\tau \rightarrow a_1\nu \ $ decay and to two additional tests if there are $\nu _R\ $ and $\bar \nu _L\ $ couplings.


Electro-mechanical actuators (EMAs) are increasingly being used as critical actuation devices of the aircraft. It will cause serious accidents once the fault of EMAs occurs, thus the fault diagnosis of EMAs is essential to maintain the normal operation of aircraft. In this paper, a method based on WPD-STFT time-frequency entropy and PNN is proposed to achieve fault diagnosis of EMAs by processing the vibration signals collected by the accelerometer installed in the EMAs. Firstly, the vibration signals are decomposed by wavelet packet to obtain the signal components of different frequency bands, the signal components are subjected to STFT and spectrograms are obtained. Then, time-frequency entropy is calculated and combined with principal component analysis (PCA) for dimension reduction as the feature vector. Finally, the probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifier is introduced to classify the fault modes. The experimental result shows that this method can accomplish the accurate fault diagnosis of EMAs. Moreover, the performance of the proposed WPD-STFT time-frequency entropy method has an advantage over that of WPD-PCA method or STFT combined with mass-moment entropy method for feature extraction.


The Bulletin of JSSD accepts any qualified article motivated by general interests in "Design", irrespective of the field, the topic or the method of research. The paper should be written with enough care to be understood by readers of non-design fields. There are three types of contributions to the Bulletin of JSSD: original papers (less than 10 printed pages); reviews (less than 10 printed pages); Research Reports (rapid report, proposal of new idea, etc., less than 10printed pages). The manuscripts of the contributions should be written in even pages. Submission of a manuscript will be held to imply that it contains original unpublished work. Also, it should not be submitted for publication elsewhere, except the Bulletin of JSSD (Japanese), at the same time. Greater length will be unacceptable unless reduced by the author.


In the lattice Schrodinger picture, we find the de Broglie–Bohm quantum trajectories for the eigenstates of a generically coupled free real scalar field in de Sitter space. For the massless minimally coupled scalar field which has exact quantum trajectory, we evaluate both the time evolution of vacuum state and the possible effects of initial quantum nonequilibrium on the power spectrum of the primordial inflaton and curvature fluctuations in the slow-roll approximation. We reproduce the results that were already presented by Valentini who considered only the massless minimal coupling case. In addition we cover both massive minimal and massive non-minimal coupling cases which are the extension of Valentini's work. Finally we discuss the difference between de Broglie's first-order dynamics and Bohm's second-order dynamics in finding the quantum trajectories.


The affecting factors of teaching supervision are the effect,environment,supervisors,teacher's emotion and energy,and its accumulation of explaining rate is 67.241%.The independent sample T test shows that the first four dimensions have no significant difference in energy in different gender except the last dimension.


Antiquity last year reported a startlingly old series of dates from Jinmium in tropical north Australia. At Jinmium are old rock-engravings, the pecked cups or cupules that are widespread in Australia. This study of the Jinmium cupules goes beyond that immediate topic to broader issues.


Abstract In this study, the second-order nonlinear partial differential equations of Burgers–Fisher type are considered under a unique formulation by introducing a novel highly accurate numerical method based on the Nörlund rational polynomial and matrix-collocation computational system. The method aims to obtain a sustainable approach since it contains the rational structure of the Nörlund polynomial. A unique computer program module, which involves very few routines, is constructed to discuss the precision and efficiency of the method and these few steps are described via an algorithm. A residual function is employed in both the error and convergence analyses with mean value theorem for double integrals. The considered equations in the numerical tests stand for model phenomena arising widely in applied sciences. Graphical and numerical comparisons provide a clear observation about the consistency of the method. All results prove that the method is highly accurate, eligible, and provides the ultimate operation for aforementioned problems.


The presence of gas in the portal vein is infrequently recognised during life, and is of grave prognostic significance. Nine cases have so far been reported in adult life, and only two of these, described by Barrett (1962) are in the British literature. The remaining seven cases are recorded in the North American literature. Seven cases have been described in infancy; six by Wolfe and Evans (1955) and a further case by Wiot and Felson (1961). We wish to record two further cases in adults, one following mesenteric embolus, and the other due to mesenteric artery thrombosis. Mrs. R. G., 54 years, was seen on a domiciliary visit when congestive heart failure was observed and a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy made. There had been no chest pain. She was admitted to hospital ten days later with vomiting and diarrhoea but no pain. Gastroenteritis was diagnosed. Her general condition was good at admission but four hours afterwards she suffered severe abdominal pain and became shocked. A plain X-ray film of the abdomen...


poem Odyssey (1981) is a typically condensed, tightly wrought work of pent-up energy, as is Symphony No. 2, subtitled 'Symphony of the Winds' (1970). Here the composer takes us on a journey into darkly illuminated, El Greco-like landscapes. The sadness of the 'trauerode' of the middle movement is in no way redeemed by the ironic fugal finale. The Concerto Sinfonico for saxophone quartet and winds (1984), Flagello's last completed work, was written when he was already under the shadow of a devastating disease of his nervous system which left him unable to compose for the last decade of his life. There is a powerful sense of leave-taking, but the mood is more of anger than resignation and there is no let-up in the intensity of Flagello's emotional energy in his last music. The medium of saxophone quartet, wind band, percussion and harp weave a rich and elegiac tapestry, magnificently played by this excellent ensemble. Arnold Rosner (b. 1945) is a master of colour and epic grandeur, and his music evokes processions of caparisoned horses, medieval cathedrals and triumphant ceremonial. Symphony No. 8 'Trinity' (1988) indeed harks backwards, the theatrical drama of its endless carillons and fanfares imparting a timelessness that is liberating and uplifting. As in the music of his mentor Alan Hovhaness, the hymns and chorales of Rosner's music are a celebration of the created universe, to be enjoyed in all its splendour. Michael Daugherty (b. 1954) is also a dramatist, but a more extrovert one than Rosner or Flagello. His celebration is of American culture, both ancient and modern. Mount Rushmore, the enormous 1930s granite sculpture of four American presidents in the Black Hills of South Dakota, inspired Daugherty to write four choral tableaux with orchestra and organ: George Washington is evoked through the revolutionary hymn tune 'Chester' by William Billings (also used by William Schuman in his 1955 New England Triptych), Jefferson by words from the Declaration of Independence, and Theodore Roosevelt with the majesty of the Great Outdoors. Finally, Abraham Lincoln gets the lengthiest treatment, with a full setting of the Gettysburg Address, a challenging text used by several composers including Copland (Lincoln Portrait) and David Diamond (This Sacred Ground). Daugherty's new version is both dignified and powerful. Radio City (2011) a 'Symphonic Fantasy on Arturo Toscanini and the NBC Symphony Orchestra', recalls the great Italian maestro's exile from the Italian Fascism of the 1930s, and his Indian summer in New York and the 'Brave New World' of America. The long second movement, 'Ode to the Old World', contains some of Daugherty's most brilliant orchestration and dynamic writing, reminding me at times of Menotti and Barber. 'On the Air' seeks to capture the fire of Toscanini in live broadcast. No less intriguing is one Daugherty's most recent commissions, The Gospel according to Sister Aimee, for organ brass and percussion (2012). Aimee Semple McPherson was another icon of early American broadcasting culture, a revivalist Gospel preacher (like the Sister Sharon Falconer so brilliantly depicted in Sinclair Lewis's 1920s novel Elmer Gantry). Sister Aimee was one of the first such figures to cultivate a media 'image', with exotic costumes, mystical routines and an almost 'showbiz' lifestyle. Daugherty proves again that he is a master of portraiture and pastiche: he includes a large role for the organ to evoke the mighty Kimball pipe organ and brass band that were features of Sister Aimee's 'shows'. Sister Aimee's life went spectacularly off the rails with an apparently faked disappearance following a swim in California in 1926. She turned up in Mexico and thereafter struggled to rebuild her life and reputation until her death from an accidental overdose of sleeping pills, in 1944. Having read the Lewis book some years ago (and seen the film with Burt Lancaster and Jean Simmons) I found Daugherty's evocation powerful, tender and moving. These are two excellent CDs from Naxos, at the usual budget price, with nearly all world premières on disc: who can dispute the contribution these ongoing series make to the chronicle of recorded American music?


Abstract The Abric Romani continental pollen record provides evidence of abrupt climate variations during the last glaciation. The pollen record reveals a pattern of high-frequency variations similar to that in ice cores as shown by oxygen isotopes or dust content. Analyses of 14 travertine samples yield coherent U-series ages in correct stratigraphic order, ranging from 40,000 to 70,000 yr. According to changes in the composition and structure of the vegetation, five paleoclimatic phases have been differentiated; the oldest, ranging from 70,200 to 65,500 yr ago, records thermophilous taxa which correspond to the last warm events of isotopic stage 5. The next phase, from 65,500 to 56,800 yr, records a cold, humid climate that correlates with isotope stage 4. During the third phase, from 56,800 to 49,500 yr, relatively warm and cold events alternate. The fourth phase, from 49,500 to 46,200 yr, records a cold, dry climate. The fifth phase, ranging from 46,200 to 40,800 yr, records a milder phase that is similar in appearance to the beginning of the Holocene.


This study aimed to explore father–child relationships and young children's peer competence, as mediated by child emotional regulation and environmental adaptation. The children's fathers and teachers completed peer competence, child emotional regulation and environmental adaptation measures on 216 Chinese children and their fathers. The results, following correlation analysis by SPSS 25.0 and validation analysis by AMOS modelling, demonstrated that: (a) a higher score on the parent–child relationship scale was associated with a higher children's peer competence score; and (b) emotional regulation and environmental adaptation in the children's ego resilience mediated between the father–child relationship and was associated with young children's higher peer competence. These findings indicate that father–child relationship quality is important to children's peer competence with superior emotional regulation and environmental adaptation. Therefore, educators should help enhance the parent–child relationship to improve children's emotional regulation and school adaptation.


The social roles of technology are divided into technological artificer, technological entity and (techniques.) "Technical Man" trained with scientific theory and technique is the social role of technological artificer; material artificial existences which have certain functions play the role of technological entity; effective "modes" existing in the form of knowledge, theory and methodology form the social role of techniques. Each social role of technology has its unique role's image, effect, influence, showing different existence of various social role of technology that has different social status, right, responsibilities and behaviors.


Terrestrial herbivores can use anthelmintic properties of plant secondary metabolites to decrease parasite/parasitoid infections. Secondary metabolites with potential anthelmintic prop- erties have also been described from different seaweed species, but the effects of diet on parasitism in marine herbivores has not been studied previously. In the present study, a combination of labora- tory and field experiments was used to test the hypotheses that infection by digenean trematode par- asites affects the feeding pattern of herbivorous gastropods (Littorina littorea), and that the seaweed diet prevents parasitism in the snails. Heavily infected snails consumed less of the red seaweed Osmundea ramosissima than uninfected snails, but there was no difference in consumption when snails were offered the green seaweed Ulva lactuca. Healthy snails placed in cages with different food treatments and transplanted to different field sites became infected by trematodes, but there was no significant difference in parasite resistance between snails offered different foods. Further- more, there was no significant negative relationship between infection abundance and consumption when O. ramosissima was incorporated into agar-based artificial diets, indicating that the difference in feeding pattern found in the initial consumption experiment was due to the morphology, and not the chemistry of the seaweeds. In conclusion, these preliminary results do not indicate that para- sitized L. littorea feeds on O. ramosissima to prevent parasite infection. However, the hypothesis that algal chemical compounds prevent or decrease parasite infections in herbivores should be tested using additional candidate species before drawing general conclusions about the effect of diet on parasitism in marine systems.


This paper reports a new metal phosphonate compound: [Ni(2,2'-bipy)(O2CCH2CH2PO3H)(H2O)](2,2'-bipy=C10H8N2).Its structure was characterized by X-ray single-crystal,elemental analyses and IR.It crystallizes in orthorhombic.Two sixcoordinate nickel(II) ions are linked by two 2-carboxyethylphosphonate ligands,forming a centrosymmetric dimer.These dimers are further interlinked by O—H…O hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking,forming a three-dimensional supramolecular structure.


Buy a toaster, and the Underwriters Laboratories seal assures that you won't get burned. Buy hazardous waste services, however, and there's no such protection. Under Superfund, you could end up paying again and again for cleanup of the disposal site you have selected. "Hazardous Waste Management: Reducing the Risk," by Benjamin A. Goldman, James A. Hulme, and Cameron Johnson of the Council on Economic Priorities (CEP), a public interest group, explains how to evaluate hazardous waste facilities and then evaluates 10 sites belonging to the eight largest hazardous waste disposal firms. For anyone, it's a big job. CEP adapted the hazard ranking system used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to evaluate the hazards of inactive sites and added to it criteria that grade corrective action, technology, and compliance with groundwater monitoring and financial assurance. CEP's evaluation method is both thorough and reasonable—the best objective and pragmatic system I've seen—and I have no doubt of ...


Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a cell-surface receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes,that belongs to the member of immunoglobulin superfamily,that connected its unknown ligand could amplify the inflammation responses.Recently it is found that the soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) as biomarker and respiratory disease are closely connected.This review mainly summarizes the TREM-1 of structure,biological expression and the relationship with respiratory disease.

Key words:
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1;  Biomarker;  Respiratory disease


The song possesses huge methodical and motivational potential in teaching foreign languages. As the study of teaching programmes and observation of the teaching-learning process show, this potential is not fully utilized. The article explores the opportunities of utilizing songs as tools in the development of language competence of secondary school students in French lessons. The article explains the effectiveness of songs for developing pronunciation, grammatical, lexical and spelling skills. The article provides the criteria for song materials selection, the sequence of working with songs. The article also contains a complex of assignments targeted at developing language competence. The article presents a conclusion about the effectiveness of using songs in French lessons.