Two-dimensional electron gases based on conventional semiconductors such as Si or GaAs have played a pivotal role in basic science and technology. The high mobilities achieved enabled the discovery of the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects and are exploited in high electron mobility transistors. Recent work has shown that two-dimensional electron systems can also exist at oxide interfaces [1]. These electron systems are characterized by properties that fundamentally differ from those shown by semiconductors. In the presentation we will provide an overview of our studies of the properties of these unusual electronic systems (see, e.g., [2,3]) and explore the potential of electron liquids at oxide interfaces for the use in nanoscale electronic devices.


There is over current Relay used in this research. The type was SEL-351A. It had 3 tests characteristics, namely normal inverse, very inverse, and extremely inverse. In these activities the author only tested the characteristics of normal inverses. Over current relay type SEL-351A as protection for a 3 phase induction motor simply by using the normal inverse characteristic when it was operating. The purpose of this study to know how to operate the relay as a overload protection device, short circuit, how the software from the Relay was used in the SCADA viewer and active Servo. One of the disturbances in the electric power system is over current. This condition can be coused the over current over load and short circuit. Testing was done to test the time of termination of the relay with inverse normal time characteristics, because the over current relay type SEL-351A as over current protection on 3 phase induction motor and was operating by using the SCADA and active servo software. The test results are normal inverse with a load resistor of 1.2 ampere current setting and a delay time of 0.1 seconds, when the fault current was at least 1.3 ampere, the termination time was 8.33 seconds. At the time of the highest interference current of 1.5 amperes, the termination time was 2.56 seconds. Furthermore, from the results of testing the 3 phase induction motor protection setting 1.2 Ampere and a delay time of 0.01 seconds. When the interference current was at least 1.3 amperes, the time of disconnection was 7.53 seconds. At the time of the highest interference current of 1.5 amperes, the termination time was 2.02 seconds.


Contrary to reported results on structural relaxation inducing brittleness in amorphous alloys, the authors found that structural relaxation actually caused an increase in the strength of Zr55Cu35Al10 bulk metallic glass (BMG) without changing the plasticity. Three dimensional models were rebuilt for the as-cast and structurally relaxed BMGs by reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations based on the pair distribution function (PDF) measured by neutron scattering. Only a small portion of the atom pairs was found to change to more dense packing. The concept of free volume was defined based on the PDF and RMC studies, and the mechanism of mechanical behavior was discussed.


The initial conditioning of the inhaled gases occurs in the upper respiratory tract. The conditioned gases are at approximately 32 degrees C and more than 95% relative humidity as they enter the lower respiratory tract. This level of heat and humidity will preserve the body's defense mechanisms. When the upper airway is bypassed the gases being delivered to the lower airways need to be as close to physiologic levels as possible based on the length of time the endotracheal tube will be in place. The delivery of gases above or below normal physiologic levels has been shown to produce clinical problems.


Concanavalin A (Con A) has been demonstrated to be antigenic in goats and methods have been described for separating the nonspecific reaction of Con A with polysaccharides from the specific antigen-antibody reaction. Specific precipitating antibody was found to be associated with IgG in the animals studied, and isolated IgG also fixed C′ in the antigen-antibody reaction. The partial inhibition of IgG precipitation of Con A by methyl-α-d-mannopyranoside provides further evidence for the heterogeneity of the immune IgG studied.


The quality of radio communication between wireless devices varies significantly with time and environment. This phenomenon indicates that to different environmental/weather conditions control solutions exist using adaptive power control. Wireless communication systems which use static transmission power, transmission range, and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world. To address this issue, adaptive transmission power control that adapts to external changes is necessary. This work presents a mitigation technique using Adaptive transmission Power control (ATPC). In ATPC, each node builds a model for each of its neighbors, describing the correlation between transmission power and link quality. With this model, we employ a feedback-based transmission power control algorithm to dynamically maintain individual link quality over time. PID controller gives a better response in adaptive power control


The key that CORBA and XML combine lies in the data interchange of IDL and XML. Making reference of WBEM, this paper proposes a C/S management model based on CORBA/XML. The client is a browser based on XML/Schema, the browser can display network management according to the requirement depending on XSLT. The transport of this model is HTTP, which can pass firewall easily. Making use of the flexibility of XML, CORBA invocation and object information is embedded in a suitably structured XML document, which is called CORBA request requiring CORBA object service compared with HTTP request just require HTTP service. The treatment result of XML/Schema or converted CORBA/IDL is provided to client browser. Then, an approach of mappings XML/Schema and CORBA/IDL has been presented.Implementation program of interchanging of IDL and XML datum in a in network management based on CORBA/XML prototype are also discussed.


A conceptual management framework is developed and applied in a science and engineering organization located within a non-profit, public institution. The goal of this research is to select a set of projects whose combined contributions to the organization`s strategic interests satisfy sponsor desires and can be completed within existing time and resource constraints. The development of the rationale for project selection and implementation within the plutonium facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory is studied. This includes the integration of prioritization decision tools, optimization techniques, and advanced planning and scheduling tools. The Nuclear Materials Technology Division is the custodian of the plutonium facility, whose mission is to develop, demonstrate, and deploy technologies necessary to address the nation`s and world`s plutonium problems. This includes management of nuclear weapon stockpile components, stabilization of plutonium residues, clean-up of contaminated soils and facilities, support to non-proliferation and arms control initiatives, and the eventual disposition of surplus plutonium. In this study, projects are evaluated against selection criteria deemed to be of critical program importance. The Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to evaluate and rank the importance of the suite of candidate projects. Because individual projects may be of interest to a number of business sectors and sponsors, the approach must be capable of using funding sources in an integrated manner in order to meet overall facility and program strategies. Finally, project planning and scheduling tools are integrated into the decision network in order to ensure that appropriate resource leveling occurs and that the actual project selection takes into account the temporal relationships among available resources.


We set out the general theory of"Beck modules"in a variety of algebras and describe them as modules over suitable"universal enveloping"unital associative algebras. We pay particular attention to the somewhat nonstandard case of"alternative algebras,"defined by a restricted associative law, and determine the Poincar\'e polynomial of the universal enveloping algebra in the homogenous case.


The supersonic wave method for the preparation of powder specimen were investigated by JSM-840 SEM,KQ2200E ultrasonic cleaner et al..Some problems during the sample preparation was resolved.The results show that the powder can be dispersed very well by supersonic wave.Some water is easyly adsorbed on the surface of powder particles,which results on a feint cold welding phenomena.The modified supersonic wave method is an excellent method to prepare powder sample for SEM observation,not only make powder disperse uniform,but also has few powder pileup and feint cold welding phenomena;the modified supersonic wave method can be utilized to study the shapes and surface patterns of the powder particles,and to analyze the particles size distribution of the powder at the same time.


Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a collection of heterogeneous syndromes involving disruption of early neurobiological development. While the identification of disease genes has great benefits for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, for the vast majority of these genes there is little knowledge about neurobiological mechanisms that they control at the cellular and network level. Recent studies demonstrate that NDDs are "diseases of the synapse". Synaptic malfunction can severely affect network connectivity and dynamic. Understanding the neural circuit basis of NDDs is therefore imperial for a better understanding of these disorders. Kleefstra syndrome (KS) is a NDD characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability, childhood hypotonia, and facial dysmorphism associated with genes deficiency. Here, we studied how KS genes-deficiency affects neuronal network maturation using dissociated neuronal cultures (i.e. from rodent or KS patient induced pluripotent stem cells). Using micro-electrode arrays technology we characterized the electrophysiological activity of control and KS genes-deficient neuronal networks. We showed that KS genes-deficient neuronal networks exhibited different pattern of synchronous activity compared to control condition. In particular, KS genes-deficiency induced an inappropriate network organization and irregular pattern of activity, indicating that KS genes are required for proper network formation. The neuronal network phenotype found here, provides for relevant future directions in the elucidation of pathophysiology in KS.


In video coding, certain limitations imposed by the environment, most typically the bit rate, need to be fulfilled. This is achieved by allowing the encoder to reduce the quality in one or several ways, such as the distortion, the resolution and the frame rate. The upcoming scalable video coding mechanisms allow this reduction to take place not exclusively during the encoding step, but at any time. This allows us to reduce the quality in a more personalized way, taking into consideration the preferences of the end user. This paper presents a framework that enables such user dependent quality reductions. We validated this framework by means of a test involving 19 test persons. The results of this mechanism are good, but up to now not sufficiently reliable to use it in commercial applications. At the same time, we still see some room for improvement


Macedonia is a multiethnic and multilingual country where people of different cultures and values live. Working together, teachers and students start to share their beliefs and try to eliminate stereotypes that people have for each other. Teaching students who have different ethnicity, age, gender, and beliefs is challenging for all language teachers. There is an increase interest in the use of all languages equally in the country because more than two languages co-exist and are necessary in our everyday communication. In many countries in Europe there is a common practice that two or more languages are presented in study programs. The same case is with South East European University (SEEU) in Tetova, Macedonia. It was established in 2001 and instruction is delivered in three languages: Albanian, Macedonian and English. It is now regarded as a model for multi-ethnic, multi-lingual higher education in South East Europe. The teaching and administrative staff are of different ethnic backgrounds, Albanians, Macedonians, Turkish and many visiting professors native American speakers and native German speakers. To function effectively, there is a flexible use of languages at this Institution. There are language courses offered to the staff in Albanian, Macedonian and English and anyone who is interested to work here is required to speak more than two local languages. The present study involves 120 participants, 20 teachers and 100 students of different nationalities, Albanians, Macedonians, Turkish, Roma, etc. The study uses a modified version of Baker's (1992) questionnaire and a teacher interview. The results show that all participantes have a positive attitude towards multilingualism and they strongly believe that it promotes tolerance among different ethnic groups. Since society in Macedonia is confronted with this issue everyday either at school or elsewhere we believe that the results of the study will be very useful.


The optical portion 20, and a magnetic portion 30 includes a plurality of optical elements optical portion conveys the optical code includes a plurality of magnetic elements where the magnetic portion conveys a magnetic code, authenticity optical and magnetic code of the tag 10 was to be mutually complementary so as to authenticate the combination tag 10 is described. Be incorporated both optical and magnetic codes in the tag is beneficial in that it can be made to the tag is difficult to counterfeit by these codes. Tag 10 is suitable for anti-counterfeiting applications.


Aging increases the yield strength of aged Mg-Zn alloys. The effect of aging on the stress required for twinning is examined using in-situ transmission based synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The as extruded material was aged at variety of temperatures for different times. It is found that increasing sample diameter (thickness) results in peak broadening. The data are analysed to establish the evolution of twin volume fraction with stress. Results indicated an increase in twinning stress at 10% twin volume fraction in aged samples in comparison with non-aged condition. The investigation showed a strong relation between the macroscopic yield stress and the twinning stress (at 10% twin volume fraction).


Koppie's Story is the unpublished manuscript of a novel written by Frances Cope, a colonial farmer's wife, in the early 1880s. It begins in 1879, a pivotal year in terms of the catastrophic socio-environmental impact of the colonial government's invasion of Zululand, and ends in 1880 when the railway from Durban reached Pietermaritzburg on its way into the Interior. By this time the imperialists had effectively won a decisive round against the local inhabitants, and as the territory started to be opened up for industry and agriculture, things were in place to do battle with the land. In the novel, this framing story is seen from a domestic vantage point. Koppie, the protagonist, is primarily concerned with home, that complex world of eco-social relationships that her family built. In this essay, I read the manuscript on the farm where it was written, and am drawn into the contemplation of animals wild and domesticated, the intimacy of an inhabited veld, the resilience and tenderness of people, and of seeds. Each thing in this world of the farm seems to bear the imprint of wars of occupation.


Few-shot systems are valuable because they enable precise predictions using small amounts of expensive training data, making them particularly cost-efficient. In this paper, we explore a technique to improve the few-shot question answering capabilities of a pre-trained language model. We adjust a pre-trained DistiLBERT model such that it leverages datasets with large amounts of training data to achieve higher question-answering performance on datasets with very small amounts of available training data using a novel innerand outer-layer of Mixture of Experts approach.


Following the failure of monetary targeting theory in the eighties, several authors have proposed alternatives. The Taylor rule is commonly accepted in recent years for the determination of interest rates in order to achieve the final goal of the central bank. The present study tends to lead an analysis of the compatibility of behavior of central bank of Tunisia (CBT) in the monetary policy conduct with the Taylor rule. The results obtained from quarterly data ranging from 1997 to 2011 showed that the original Taylor rule has a low explicative power of the monetary authorities' behavior in Tunisia. The proposed forward-looking rule describes plausibly interest rates dynamics. In this rule, the money market rate (MMR) is dependent on its past level, the output gap between current and potential output, the deviation of expected inflation from the implicit target, the differential of money market rate between Tunisia and the euro area and the inflation differential between Tunisia and France. Therefore, the Tunisian monetary policy can follow a rule based on two main aggregates taken as targets, whose names are inflation and economic growth. The reaction function can be considered as a proposal for a new reform of the monetary policy of the Central Bank.


Effects of master alloy of quasicrystal containing magnesium additions and solution treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy were studied.The results indicate that the impact toughness of AZ91increase prominently with the adding master alloy of quasicrystal containing magnesium,the hardness is also improved.After the solution treatment(20h),the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase is almost dissolved,but the black particle quasicrystal phase is not dissolved and retained stability.


In this research, the effects of and the relationships between the components of intellectual capital (i.e., human capital, customer capital(capital employed) and structural capital) and performance (represented by ROA, ROE and Q ) have been studied between 2006 and 2010 using the Pulic Model and employing the tobin statistical method of simple and multiple linear regression to examine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The obtained results confirmed the relationship between intellectual capital and the return on assets (ROA), the return on equity (ROE) and the Q The significance of the relationship between tobin. the abovementioned ratios and all components of intellectual capital including structural, human and customer capital was 19, 20 and 17 percent, respectively; and the relationships was direct. Inserting the variables of company size and financial leverage, the relationship between them and intellectual capital was confirmed.


Undergraduate students, particularly those with limited experience in business, struggle to appreciate the complexity of organizational communication dynamics. Communication complexities such as role conflict, position power, and individual perception—and their influence on effective communication—are particularly challenging for this population. This article describes a classroom exercise based on the children's game "Telephone" that connects organizational communication with considerations of role conflict, power and influence tactics, and individual perceptions as they influence engagement with communication involving a new initiative. During the full class reflection and debrief, students identify the connections between their role in the activity and how individual organizational elements and experiences may inform effective communication. Designed for an undergraduate organizational behavior course, the exercise is adaptable to other management topics or levels where communication is a consideration.


arenas for the viewing of gladiator contests and circuses; the Middle Ages brought with it tournaments and contests of military skill, strength, and courage: and frontier America enjoyed shooting contests, horse racing, boxing, and rodeos. Recently, the introduction of electronic mass media, the availability of transportation, the construction of massive indoor and outdoor stadia in all urban areas and at most educational


This study investigated the usefulness of near‐focus narrowband imaging (NF‐NBI) for determining gastric tumor margins compared with indigo carmine chromoendoscopy (ICC) before endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).


The isotopic composition of trapped neon in the Brenham pallasite is solar (20Ne/22Ne=12.9±0.3), with contributions from a cosmogenic component. The carrier of the solar neon is an acid-soluble minor phase of the meteorite that is inhomogeneously distributed. There are excesses at 4He over the cosmogenic component, presumably radiogenic; the highest measured 4He, however, is lower than what is expected from bulk uranium and thorium concentrations. Trapped Ar is more retentively sited than the solar Ne component. Trapped Kr is isotopically similar to that in the terrestrial atmosphere, to solar, or to ureilite Kr with contributions from spallation and (n, γ)-capture reactions on Br. The trapped Xe in this meteorite is solar, with about 20% atmospheric Xe. The heavy Xe isotopic ratios are modified by in situ decay of 244Pu, and the light Xe isotopic ratios by low-energy proton induced production of these isotopes from Te. The presence of this component is an indication that a low-energy proton environment prevailed in the early solar system. More detailed analysis of Brenham samples, in particular, determining whether the excesses at light Xe isotopes are correlated with trapped Xe or with Te content may provide clues to the conditions under which the proton irradiation took place. Overabundances at 129Xe from now extinct 129I are marginal. Since the trapping of noble gases necessarily preceded the formation of the meteorite itself, it is suggested that the trapped Ne isotopic composition as measured in Brenham represents the Ne isotopic composition of ancient solar gases. Elemental ratios suggest noble gases to be a mixture of "planetary" and solar components. The Kr and Xe isotopic compositions of Springwater pallasite are markedly modified by contributions from a cosmogenic component, and the light noble gases are dominated by spallation products. This meteorite does not show any evidence for trapped Ne, solar or otherwise.


Objective To evaluate the transvaginal color Doppler sonography and serum AFP in the preoperative diagnosis of malignant ovarian teratoma. Methods A total of 465 patients with teratoma, among whom 13 with immature teratoma and 3 with malignant change in benign ovary teratoma, were enrolled in the study from 2000 to 2005. The imaging features and the blood flow index were observed by transvaginal color Doppler sonography. The serum AFP was measured in part of cases. Results The accuracy rate of diagnosis with transvaginal color Doppler sonography for malignant ovarian teratoma was 62.5% (10/16). The positive rate of serum AFP of immature teratoma was 66.7%. Conclusions Transvaginal color Doppler sonography is a powerful tool in diagnosis of malignant ovarian teratoma. Serum AFP can be used as a parameter in differential diagnosis of immature teratoma, malignant change in benign ovary teratoma and yolk sac tumor.


Abstract Patient and nurse interaction in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is important as it influences the patient outcomes. Optimizing the nurse-to-patient ratio can reduce the mortality of patient, prevent nurse burnout, and reduce costs in the ICU. However, there is a lack of methods to quantify and evaluate these bedside interactions. This paper presents a Clinical Activity Tracking System (CATS), which was designed to track and evaluate nursing motion at the patient bedside, aiming to quantify how nurses spent their working time. CATS utilizes the Microsoft Kinect, a motion sensing device containing an embedded camera and infrared sensor. For CATS, the Kinect is fixed on the ceiling, facing downwards to track clinical activity at the patient bedside. The system was set up in an experimental environment to simulate the ICU bedside activity, and different motion paths and test candidates were tested over 5 iterations to evaluate the performance of the system. The total tracking area for the CATS can reach 2.3 m × 1.6 m, which mimics to the ICU bedside area. The system can track candidates with different heights from 1.52 m to 1.90 m. The system can also track different motion patterns consistently, with median percentage tracking error 2.30% (Inter-quartile range (IQR): [0.72%, 4.25%]). The system can also track multiple candidates with median percentage error 1.75% (Inter-quartile range (IQR): 0.97%, 4.57%). The results show that the system can be used in real-time applications to track bedside clinical activity. This system is capable of evaluating the ICU nursing activity, with the ultimate aim to generate appropriate nurse-to-patient ratio to prevent nurse burnout and increase patient care. Also, it is able to track different candidate heights, adapt to different motion paths, different dwell time, and identify multiple people simultaneously. The results revealed that the system can be used to quantify and evaluate bedside clinical activity.


A straightforward, useful technique for the percutaneous reduction of fractures of the zygomatic arch, carried out under local anaesthetic using a lever for lower apices is described. The technique presents no inconveniences and it is easier to hook up the bone border than with traditional bone hooks.


In the year of 2012, Guangdong sweet corn continued a trend of rapid growth, the planting area accounted for more than 60% of the country, planting efficiency was also greatly improved compared to previous years, the regional distribution of production gradually tansferlated from the Pearl River Delta and Northern extension to the east and west wings, where the Western Guangdong gradually became the main producing areas. But there were several problems, such as deep processing of sweet corn was still low, preservation techniques and other issues needed to be further developed. On the basis of the development, recommendations to strengthen the advantages of regional development planning on technological innovation, to improve sweet corn technical support system, to strengthen the construction of processing and circulation system, to improve the level of industrial production, and to promote the sustainable development of sweet corn industry were put forward.


Parameter dependence is a drawback of the model predictive control of electric motor drives. In this article, a predictive current control (PCC) for an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor independent of the motor parameters is presented. The motor current time-derivatives (slopes) are expressed as functions of the phase angles of the inverter basic voltage vectors. The slopes are then predicted independent of the motor parameters and are used in selecting the optimum inverter voltage vectors. In addition, a method is used for avoiding the time-consuming evaluations of a cost function to select an optimum inverter voltage vector. By this method, the reference current slopes are used for a direct optimum voltage vector selection. As a result, the control performance is improved under the parametric uncertainties and the execution time of the control code is shortened in comparison to the conventional predictive method. The effectiveness of the proposed method and its superiority over the conventional and a recently presented PCC method are confirmed through the simulation and experimental results.


Each painting must be treated according to its special needs which are, in part, a result of its history. To determine this history is difficult due to the lack of reliable records. Changing at- titudes towards deterioration and towards preservation, changes in fashion, and, of course, the type and quality of the treatment itself have affected a painting's structure and appearance. Two other important influences on the care of pictures have been the unfortunate view that the lining process is separate from the rest of the treatment procedure, and the pressure from dealers and collectors to have a painting appear to be undamaged. If a picture is to be properly cared for, its surface ap- pearance cannot be the only consideration. If a painting is not structurally secure, it will not sur- vive. The present move to eliminate the lining process ignores such structural problems as inner cleavage and the additional stress put on pictures today by subjecting them to travel. Of all the methods of lining and the adhesives available, not one is suitable for all paintings. The choice must be based on each painting's particular structural problems and on a knowledge of the effects of the method and material over a period of time. The advantage of wax-resin linings is that, when properly used, the adhesive penetrates and consolidates the structure. Furthermore, this process has been in use for a long time and most paintings so treated have shown a good survival rate. Those of us who aspire toward professional status adhere to the maxim that the artifact in treatment makes the rules. Where paintings are concerned, their state should dictate the procedures which we mayor may not undertake to help them survive. Supposedly, canvas paintings are lined to make them last longer and/or diminish the ravages they have suffered from neglect and abuse. Our most uncontroversial source for operative directives should be the paintings themselves. This does not happen to be true. Any painting old enough to boast a role in history can present such an adulterated structure that its technical examination is bound to be strongly colored by interpretation. There is a woeful lack of objective realities in evaluating the requisites of a canvas painting. We have too often been unwilling to admit that we are faced with incomplete understanding of the kin.Q and extent of alterations a canvas painting may have experienced. We have been unwilling to build case histories slowly and with open minds. I do not mean to imply that ours is the only field in which practitioners have rushed to find answers first and then looked about for supporting evidence, but I do feel that a vast proportion of our disagreements may, be placed at the doorstep of impatience. As Jacques Guillerme emphasizes in his very amusing book, "L'atelier du temps,"2 the ele- ment of time has been viewed with an unacknowledged ambiguity. Art historians, art lovers should have good reason to hate what destroys, decomposes paintings, but oddly enough they seem to find the marks of wear and tear enchanting. A venerable object which emerges from the abyss of centuries without being tarnished by a curious reaction invites a kind of suspicion. The author of this entertaining volume makes the cynical point that art lovers exhibit a vein of necrophilia: they cherish the ravages of time as sweet and precious, not seeing it for the embalming it truly is. There is no question but what the passage of time inscribes itself cruelly on the body of a painting, nor that man's part in this calvary is any less crucial than that of natural forces. What we ignore is that the quality of seeing what has already happened fluctuates with the norms of time. Aesthetic evaluations are no less


A comparative study of electrical conduction and emitted light in an atomic (Ar) and a molecular liquid (N/sub 2/) is presented as a function of various parameters. Spectroscopic analysis of emitted light in the range of 200-850 nm is used to measure the energy of the hot electrons in these liquids. A study was also carried out on dense gases as a function of the applied pressure. The authors discuss the electron swarm parameters deduced form these results in an attempt to explain the behavior of electrons in the gas-liquid phase transition.


Theoretical analysis of mixed lubrication has been carried out for a piston ring package of an automotive reciprocating engine as a method to elucidate better specifications of rings for reducing friction loss. The starved inlet boundary condition has been employed for oil film of each ring based upon experimental results obtained through scanning laser-induced-fluorescence oil film thickness measurement. By considering starvation, predicted oil film thickness at compression rings was in better agreement with that measured than the former prediction under the fully flooded inlet condition. Film thickness at the 1st compression ring under the full load firing condition was predicted to be smaller than that in motoring, which also agreed with experimental results, due to the different inlet conditions assumed for oil film at the 2nd compression and upper rail of the oil ring under different operating conditions. Predicted oil film thickness was much smaller than that measured at both rails of the oil ring, which seems to be caused mainly by insufficient ability of the spatial analysis of the LIF measurement. Effects of the change of the oil ring surface profile due to tilting during sliding, of viscosity variation and of cylinder bore distortion, were not negligible, but were not considered in the analysis.


: Classification of crops using time-series vegetation index (VI) curves requires appropriate modeling of phenological events and their characteristics. The current study explores the use of capsules, a group of neurons having an activation vector, to learn the characteristic features of the phenological curves. In addition, joint optimization of denoising and classification is adopted to improve the generalizability of the approach and to make it resilient to noise. The proposed approach employs reconstruction loss as a regularizer for classification, whereas the crop-type label is used as prior information for denoising. The activity vector of the class capsule is applied to sample the latent space conditioned on the cell state of a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) that integrates the sequences of the phenological events. Learning of significant phenological characteristics is facilitated by adversarial variational encoding in conjunction with constraints to regulate latent representations and embed label information. The proposed architecture, called the variational capsule network (VCapsNet), significantly improves the classification and denoising results. The performance of VCapsNet can be attributed to the suitable modeling of phenological events and the resilience to outliers and noise. The maxpooling-based capsule implementation yields better results, particularly with limited training samples, compared to the conventional implementations. In addition to the confusion matrix-based accuracy measures, this study illustrates the use of interpretability-based evaluation measures. Moreover, the proposed approach is less sensitive to noise and yields good results, even at shallower depths, compared to the main existing approaches. The performance of VCapsNet in accurately classifying wheat and barley crops indicates that the approach addresses the issues in crop-type classification. The approach is generic and effectively models the crop-specific phenological features and events. The interpretability-based evaluation measures further indicate that the approach successfully identifies the crop transitions, in addition to the planting, heading, and harvesting dates. Due to its effectiveness in crop-type classification, the proposed approach is applicable to acreage estimation and other applications in different scales. statistic and overall accuracy were used for evaluating the classification results. High values of Kappa statistic and overall accuracy indicate high accuracy. A Z-score-based test statistic (discussed in [89,90]) was employed to analyze the significance of the results presented in the current study. In addition to confusion-matrix-based measures, proposed interpretability techniques (Section 2.2.4) were used to evaluate the physical significance and interpretability of the models. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) was used to estimate the denoising accuracy of VCapsNet and other benchmark denoising approaches. The ablation analysis of VCapsNet is discussed in Section 3.1. A comparative analysis of VCapsNet with the benchmark approaches is presented in Section 3.2. curves. The current study illustrates that the implementation of higher-level capsules using maxpooling yields better results than the stacked implementation, particularly when the training samples are limited. The routing mechanism is modified to consider the contextual nature of the phenological events. The proposed variational capsule network, called VCapsNet, uses the activity vector of class capsules and the LSTM cell state as information priors to sample the latent space. It was observed that the regularization of classification using the reconstruction loss and that of denoising using the label information priors improve the generalizability and convergence of the network. The constraints and encoding schemes, and the DTW-based similarity measures, achieve effective classification with minimal training samples. Unlike conventional convolution, a point-based convolution is proposed to have flexible receptive fields for data imputation. The proposed strategies ensure the network models the phenological events and characteristic features, and facilitate the use of the information priors to improve the physical significance. Experiments indicate that VCapsNet yields better results than the existing classification and denoising approaches for VI curves. In addition to the confusion-matrix-based accuracy measures, interpretability-based evaluation measures were also employed to analyze the physical significance of the learned features. The predictor-conditioned distribution of the input was modeled to understand the most likely input of the model for a given output. The analysis of these learned concepts allows evaluation of how well the proposed approaches model the phenological events of different crops. In addition, an analysis of the relevance assigned by the model to the input features also helps to understand the learnability of the network. The interpretability-based evaluation measures further facilitate the refinement of the training sets. It was observed that the improvement in interpretability achieved in VCapsNet significantly reduces the sensitivity of the network towards hyper-parameters. The discussed framework and approaches are generic and can also be extended to other applications.


Comparison of NIST's SURF-II primary irradiance standard and argon miniarc irradiance standard at 214 nm with an uncertainty of ~3% shows that at this wavelength these irradiance standards agree to within the uncertainties of 1.3 and 7%, respectively, assigned to them by NIST.


Imagine your six-year-old daughter, Jessica, is perfect in every way—except she is overweight. You allow her to consume high-fat and high-calorie foods and sugary juices as often as she asks for them. You watch as her face grows rounder and her clothing size surpasses that of the average six-year-old. Fastforward four years, and, at age 10, Jessica is considered obese by medical standards. You realize you need to help change your daughter's diet, but she is already set in her ways of eating fast food and candy as her only nutrients. Then, as a teenager, Jessica has low self-esteem and considers food as her solace. By adulthood, Jessica is still obese and pays for her condition with higher insurance premiums and medical expenses in addition to a greater cost of living than that of the average-weight adult. There must be something that could have been done at an early age to prevent this escalating problem. Childhood obesity is a national epidemic calling for a national solution. Obesity does not besiege only one age group; rather, it is an equal opportunity killer. As of 2008, 64% of American adults were overweight, and 36% of American adults were obese. As alarming as those rates are, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) projects that those rates will increase 7-8% over the next 10 years. Childhood


In this paper, we give a list of minimal grid diagrams of the 12 crossing prime alternating knots. This is a continuation of the work in [G. T. Jin and H. J. Lee, Minimal grid diagrams of 11 crossing prime alternating knots, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 29(11) (2020) Article ID: 2050076, 14 pp.].


http://cpr.sagepub.com/content/16/3/249 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1097/HJR.0b013e32832914c8 2009 16: 249 European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation Mazic, Philippe Meurin, Massimo Piepoli, Attila Simon, Christophe Van Laethem and Luc Vanhees Alessandro Mezzani, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Alain Cohen-Solal, Ugo Corrà, Anna Jegier, Evangelia Kouidi, Sanja Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation patients: a report from the Exercise Physiology Section of the European Association for Standards for the use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing for the functional evaluation of cardiac


The objective of this study is to investigate the nanomechanical and nanotribological properties, especially wear resistance of ultrathin silicon doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) films for different silicon contents in atomic scale. In addition, the effect of density along with the Sp3/Sp2 ratio on the wear resistance of Si doped DLC films is also studied.


The article deals with the role of Professor N.E. Yarygin in studying the clinical and morphological characteristics of systemic vasculitides and is dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Yaroslavl State Medical University.


Drawing upon revised modernization theory and feminist paradigms, this study examined the relationship between modernization, gender equality and attitudes toward violence against women (VAW) among a randomly selected nationally representative sample of 1605 Turkish citizens participated in 6 th wave of World Values Survey (WVS). While education emerged as the only factor that nurtured more egalitarian gender values among men, better educated and employed women reported more egalitarian gender values. Household income had negative impact on women's attitudes toward gender equality suggesting that rather than household wealth, women's financial independence was more promising in fostering more egalitarian gender values among women in Turkish society. Egalitarian gender values in turn, decreased odds of justifying VAW among men and women, along with household wealth and religiosity. An unexpected significant negative impact of religiosity on tolerance for VAW suggested that acceptance of VAW could be attributed to patriarchal ideologies rather than to religion in the context of this study. Examining the determinants of attitudes toward an important indicator of human (in)security, the present study also contributes to research driven efforts aimed at understanding the aspects of modernization in Turkey in structural and cultural terms.


As the third most popular pet species behind dogs and cats, rabbits will be a common visitor to your clinic. Claire Speight, speaking at the BVNA online Congress in October 2020, reminds us of the specialist management of rabbits.


Fatigue is one of the failure modes in gun barrel. It is still an important problem to understand crack propagation behavior due to fatigue loading of firing cycles. This paper presents a hydraulic fatigue test method to simulate crack propagation in a tube containing a pre-machined defect on its inner surface. A close inherent relation is found between crack propagating rate and hoop strain on the outside surface of the tube, which provides a feasible approach for investigation of fatigue behavior in gun barrel under actual firing condition.


In a survey of the nasal mites of Texas, U.S.A., a parasitism rate of 18.5 percent was found. Two new species are described: Ptilonyssits vossi from the house wren (Troglodytes aedon), and P. melissae from the purple finch (Carpodacus pitrpitreus). New host records are recorded for P. saitae from the Nashville warbler (Verinivora tuficapilla), orange-crowned warbler (Vermivora celata), painted bunting (Passerina ciris), rufous-crowned sparrow (Aimophila ritficeps), American goldfinch (Spimts tristus), Harris sparrow (Zonotrichia querula), and grasshopper sparrow (Aminodramus savannarum); P. nwrofskyi from the Harris sparrow (Zonotrichia querula).


This paper offers a brief overview of several key developments in modern Hebrew Israeli literature, moments where the female voice, of authors, poets and literary characters, paves the way to different sensitivities and voices in a seemingly hegemonic and strongly-ideological literary corpus. It aims to show that just like in world literature, in Jewish literature and in literary criticism, the rise of feminist readings opened the way to a variety of alternative voices, identities and otherness. Ruth Gilbert offers readers a brief, yet detailed and illuminating overview of the main themes and questions in gender studies and their uses for literary criticism in Jewish literature, and the many examples of the characterization of both Jewish men and women in a rich and diverse corpus. It is interesting to note that Gilbert begins and ends with queer studies as a development of feminist readings and theory, a field where masculine and feminine identities of Jewish characters are fluid, constantlychanging and these identities re-examine perceived norms and cultural expectations. I would like to take these theories and test them out on modern Hebrew literature produced in Israel. For most of the twentieth century this literature offered a voice to a culture obsessed with masculinity. Fearing and rejecting Boyarin's effeminate Jew, modern Hebrew literature gives room to a new man; the anti-diaspora muscular new Hebrew, active, strong and virile.1 This is the heroic Zionist fighter and lover familiar to English readers in the image of Ari Ben Canaan from Leon Uris' Exodus (1958) and numerous male protagonists in Hebrew fiction, perhaps most iconic is Uri Kahana in Moshe Shamir's 1947 novel He Walked through the Fields. The story of the nation is told in the fictional biography of these young men, and from the 1930s through to the 1980s, and some would argue still today, modern Hebrew literature was devoted to history. Women's writing dealt with the domestic and emotional life of individuals outside or on the fringe of national narrative. In a literary landscape populated by "Ari"s and "Uri"s, the appearance of N'ima Sassoon in 1963 caused a minor earthquake.2 The narrator of this short story is a twelve-year-old Mizrahi girl in a religious Jewish school in a small town in Israel; a new literary type, an Israeli, Hebrew-speaking, Mizrahi female young artist. N'ima's voice and poetry are a complete new addition to the "soundtrack" of Hebrew literature, and not only because she is a woman. This female voice is also religious, and Mizrahi, and the language, setting, and characters of this story offer an alternative to the seemingly uniform Israeli Hebrew literature. The author, Amalia Kahana-Carmon (1926-2019), is a product and a member of this dominant Zionist new Hebrew culture. Kahana-Carmon was born in a kibbutz, was raised in Tel Aviv, she was a member of the Palmach and she fought in 1948, and yet, when offering a female voice in Hebrew letters, the feminine gives way to the Other, and for many, especially Mizrahi women, N'ima Sassoon paved the way for their own literary creative life.3 * Senior Lecturer in Hebrew, School of Languages, Cultures and Linguistics, SOAS, University of London, UK. Email: email@example.com 1 Daniel Boyarin, "Masada or Yavneh? Gender and the arts of Jewish resistance," in Jonathan Boyarin and Daniel Boyarin, eds., Jews and Other Differences: The New Jewish Cultural Studies, (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996). On the Zionist male alternative see David Biale, Eros and the Jews: From Biblical Israel to Contemporary America (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 1992) and Oz Almog, The Sabra: The Creation of the New Jew, trans. Haim Watzman (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 2000). 2 Amalia Kahana-Carmon, "N'ima Sasson writes poems," English translation available in the collection Benjamin Tammuz and Leon I. Yudkin, eds., Meetings with the Angel: Seven Stories from Israel (London: Andre Deutch, 1973). 3 Ronit Matalon (1959-2017) in an informal discussion expressed her debt and gratitude to Kahana-Carmon's story as the literary text that suggested to her that she too could become a writer (in conversation with Ronit Matalon, Cambridge, June 2017). On KahanaCarmon's role as a female author see Lily Rattock, The Other Voice: Women's Fiction in Hebrew [Hebrew] (Tel Aviv: Hasifria RESPONSE TO RUTH GILBERT (DRUKKER) 27 N'ima remained alone for a while, and interestingly, the female narrators who joined her in the following decades were often written by male authors. This is not unique to Israeli Hebrew literature, but some of the most memorably and influential first-person female narrators in Hebrew are the creation of male authors, from the grieving orphaned daughter Tirza in S. Y. Agnon's "In the Prime of her Life" (1932) to the hyper-conscious and disturbed Hannah Gonen in Amos Oz's My Michael (1966). And while the female voice allows for a more nuanced and sensitive study of character, love, desire and especially family, they still partake in the greater narrative of the history of the Jewish people and in nation building. A different use of the feminine voice by a male author is found in Sami Michael's A Trumpet in the Wadi first published in 1987. The angry anti-establishment author of All Men are Equal – But Some are More (1974), the Iraqi-born communist who dared describe the racism, discrimination and inequality in Jewish Israeli society, takes up, twenty years after the appearance of N'ima Sassoon and Hannah Gonen, the first-person voice of a Christian Arab young woman living in Haifa. Choosing the female voice, in a novel that is almost a mirror opposite of Oz's classic, Sami Michael tells us the story of the ultimate Other, a voice almost absent from, or mute in Hebrew literature. Ammiel Alcalay was among the first scholars of Hebrew Mizrahi literature to highlight the limits of cultural studies and gender studies when reading non-Western texts.4 Perhaps the next phase for both male and female writers in Hebrew is the move towards representation of non-binary sexual identities, a look into alternative family structures and relationships. And if we follow the chain of female characters whose love is unanswered, unhappy or tragic, a love which gives them their creative voice and identity, be it in poetry, madness or resignation, N'ima Sassoon, Hannan Gonen and Huda have taught us how to read and write the Other, in the way that gender and queer studies open up new possibilities and new meanings.


The first part of this paper presents a comparative study on the design, protection mechanisms and performance evaluation of three modern ballistic helmets namely, Personnel Armor System Ground Troops (PASGT), Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH), and Enhanced Combat Helmet (ECH), based on a review of current advances and findings of related investigations In the second part of this paper, the deformation, impact resistance and shock absorption properties of a ballistic helmet similar to the PASGT helmet are determined experimentally via a stiffness test, resistance to penetration test, and shock absorption test. This paper discusses the results obtained from the experiment s and compares them with the performance of the other types of helmets with respect to their designs, comfort levels and protection mechanisms The result of the shock absorption test shows that the helmet absorbed 78% of a nominal impact energy of 49 J. The 8-mm thick helmet resisted full penetration at an applied impact force of 132.3 N with an average penetration depth of 4.52 mm. These results indicate that the ballistic helmet being investigated provide a good impact protection but not superior to that of the ACH-type helmet.


Objective To assess the effect of the L-arginine combined with magnesium sulfate(MgSO4) on gestational hypertension.Methods One hundred and sixty pregnant women were randomized into observation group and control group.The former group was treated via intravenous drop of L-arginine and MgSO4,but the late was only done with MgSO4.The effectiveness and adverse reaction in both groups were recorded.Results A low rate of side effects including increased heart rate,the fidgets etc.existed in observed group as compared with the control one(P0.01).Conclusion These results suggest that L-arginine combined with magnesium sulfate have a better effect on pregnancy-induced hypertension.


Teamwork in lower division projects courses is increasingly common. To ensure student effectiveness in these teams, insfructors must assume a facilitator role to nurture team process and progress. This paper describes team-building activities in two infroductory engineering design/buildprojects courses at fhe Universify of Colorado at Boulder. The discussion is organized around developmental stages that teams typically pass lhrough- forming, storming, norming and performing-with stage- appropriate reference to team needs, assessment and activities designed lo build team skills. An evaluation ofthis team-building program is provided, based on skills se& assessment dafa gathered from students during one semester. Implications and suggestions for curriculum improvement are discussed.


S,-The The design of an experiment to study the incidence of cancer ·· and hematological effects in mice irradiated by heavy ions is described. A beam of fully stripped c 6 + ions of energy 250 MeV/amu was produced by the Bevatron. Mice were irradiated in groups of 12 by rotating them through a wide beam (11. 4 em FWHM) once per minute. At a beam intensity of 108 ions/pulse irradiations of 250 animals to of 200 rad were completed in a few hours -- an efficient use of accelerator beam time. The average LET of the radiation was 17 ± 2 keV/lJIIl. Radial and longitudinal variations in dose were less than 10%. Estimates of tissue entrance dose from measurements with an ionization chamber and thennoluminescent dosimeters were in agreement to about 1%.


A comprehensive review of the simulation and modeling work done to insure optimal realization of the design, including recent progress on the magnetic field design using the subsequent effect on beam quality were presented in this paper. However, the beam quality was critically dependent on the magnetic field in gun region, which has been the most difficult aspect of the design.


This research is aimed at trying to answer three legal issues: Firstly, whether the legal principles contained in the Hospital Act. Secondly, how the principles of liability and legal responsibility in the context of hospital medical treatment in hospitals, and Thirdly how medical dispute resolution that occurs in hospitals and the development of the settlement. The three legal issues are variously approaced. All of the legal issues categorized as a normative research are seen by statute, concept and comparative approaches. The approache will be carried out in three steps, ie : description, systematization and explanation. The step of description is the step of describing the content of law by using grammatical, authentic and historical interpretation techniques. The second is analyzing the content and the legal norm structure and the relation between the two.the last step is the step of describing the meaning of legal norm which are logically chosive. The result of the study shows that, First, the legal principles in good hospital governance within the Law Hospital beginning of the establishment of hospitals that adhere to the principle of legality, governance of the hospital containing the principles of justice (equity) and equality, transparancy principle, professional principle, legal protection principle, responsibility principle, and social functional principle. Second, Liabilities and legal responsibilities of hospitals can be viewed from the perspective of administrative law, civil law and criminal law. In the administrative law perspective on the known principles of liability, liability based on negligence or fault. Liability based on negligence or fault (negligence) is a principle of accountability that is subjective, which is a liability that is determined by the behavior of the perpetrator. Legal responsibilities associated with civil law in the form in terms of civil liability. Civil liability can be based on two things: liability based on breach of contract and liability based on tort. In the perspective of criminal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of that statute hospital, the hospital is an institution which is a legal entity, whether private legal entities (private hospitals) and public legal entities (government hospital), then based on the theory of modern criminal law, corporate or legal entity (in this case the hospital) may also be criminally prosecuted. Third, medical dispute resolution, in addition to litigation and settlement is done non-litigation, medical disputes in hospitals is also done through the professions. in its development need to be considered for criminal cases using restorative settlement, which resembles a mediation settlement.


In the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), discrepancies are often observed between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and brain perfusion single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) findings. MRI, brain perfusion SPECT, and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) findings were compared in patients with mild cognitive impairment or early AD to clarify the discrepancies between imaging modalities.


Sustainable agricultural economic growth emphasizes the improvement of agricultural technical efficiency. This paper examines the impact of the rural land transfer market on agricultural technical efficiency by constructing a theoretical framework of the impact mechanism of the rural land transfer market on agricultural technical efficiency. The data of rural land transfer market in 30 provinces from 2005 to 2020 in China were used in this paper, and the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and Tobit model equation linkage was applied. The results showed: (1) In terms of time differences, the rural land transfer market had a significant stimulating and involution effect on agricultural technical efficiency. In 2006–2015, the rural land transfer market had a significant stimulating effect on agricultural technical efficiency, and, in 2016–2020, the rural land transfer market entered the stage of involution, and the rural land transfer market had a involution effect on agricultural technical efficiency. (2) In terms of regional differences, the stimulating effect of the rural land transfer market on agricultural technical efficiency was mainly concentrated in the main grain producing areas, and the involution effect was mainly concentrated in the non-main grain producing areas. (3) The involution effect of the rural land transfer market exceeded the stimulating effect, which made the rural land transfer market have a inhibition effect on agricultural technical efficiency from a comprehensive view of the overall trend.


The invention relates to a power supply device (11) for supplying the on-board electrical system (19) of a heat engine vehicle via a power supply circuit (14), comprising a motor starting means (15). thermal circuit of the vehicle, powered by a main battery (12) and an electric power generator (16), and an auxiliary battery (13) connected to the electric circuit (14) via a switching means ( 18). The device further comprises a control means (111) configured to actuate said switching means (18) to connect the auxiliary battery to the electrical circuit (14), said control means being configured to decide on the setting in circuit of the auxiliary battery (13), or its disconnection of the circuit (14), as a function of external parameters influencing the starting conditions of the engine. The invention also relates to a method for managing the power supply of a thermal engine vehicle which implements the power supply device (11) according to the invention.


A composite material is produced by combining and forming two or more types of material. In this study, aluminum alloy and aluminum foam assembled into sandwich by using adhesive. The aim of this study is to analyze the mechanical properties of the aluminum through the impact experiment and simulation analysis. Since experimental results and analysis results can verify each other by affirming that similar experimental and analysis results were produced in the present study, it can be seen that experimental results and analysis results produced in the present article can be applied to practical cases.


This study explores the impacts of incentive contracts on the creative process and the resulting creativity of a design job. Using an eye-tracking device to track the designers' eye movements during an artwork design task, we found that designers working under a piece-rate plus competitive bonus plan allocated more effort to the idea generating process than designers under a piece-rate minus penalty for defectives plan. We also found that the effort allocated to idea generating and the intensity of the effort devoted to design improvement are critical for producing creative designs. In contrast, the effort allocated to the design evaluating process contributes to product quantity, but cripples design output creativity. The findings of this study suggest that properly-designed incentive contracts can increase employees' creativity by directing their efforts towards the idea-generating process in a creative task.


The intercalation reaction of basic and neutral amino acids with layered zirconium phosphates (ƒ¿-ZrP and ƒÁ-ZrP) was investigated. Only the basic amino acids (lysine, arginine and histidine) could be intercalated into ƒ¿ZrP and ƒÁ-ZrP, and their intercalation compounds were obtained as a single phase by controlling the reaction time. The interaction between the host phosphates and the basic amino acids in the intercalation compounds were investigated by using 31 P and 13 C solid-state NMR. It was found that the P-OH group of layered zirconium phosphates interacts with ƒÃ-amino group of lysine and ƒ¿-amino group of arginine and histidine, respectively. INTRODUCTION Crystalline layered phosphates of tetravalent metals, such as Zr(IV) and Ti(IV), are known as inorganic ion exchangers and the host compounds for intercalation reaction 1,2. There are two types of layered phosphates, that is, ƒ¿-Zr(HPO4)2•EH2O (ƒ¿ZrP) and ƒÁ-Zr(PO4)(H2PO4)•E2H2O (ƒÁ-ZrP). Protein and amino acid in industrial and house hold drainage pollute river and sea. If protein and amino acid can be recovered economically, it will protect river and sea from the pollution and offer the reuse of natural resources as well. The intercalation of basic amino acids, that is, lysine (Lys), Received May 16, 2001; Accepted July 26, 2001


Aims. We performed an optical/infrared study of the counterpart of the low-mass X-ray binary KS 1731–260 to test its identification and obtain information about the donor. Methods. Optical and infrared images of the counterpart of KS 1731–260 were taken in two different epochs (2001 and 2007) after the source returned to quiescence in X-rays. We compared these observations with those obtained when KS 1731–260 was still active. Results. We confirm the identification of KS 1731–260 with the previously proposed counterpart and improve its position to α = 17:34:13.46 and δ = −26:05:18.60. The H-band magnitude of this candidate showed a decline of ∼1.7 mag from outburst to quiescence. In 2007 April we obtained R = 22.8 ± 0. 1a ndI = 20.9 ± 0.1 for KS 1731–260. Similar optical brightness was measured in June 2001 and July 2007. The intrinsic optical color R − I is consistent with spectral types from F to G for the secondary although there is a large excess over that from the secondary at the infrared wavelengths. This may be due to emission from the cooler outer regions of the accretion disk. We cannot rule out a brown dwarf as a donor star, although it would require that the distance to the source is significantly lower than the 7 kpc reported by Muno et al. (2000, ApJ, 542, 1016).


1. Apparatus for controlling the dispensing means of the system recommendations said apparatus soderzhita) extractor (116) values for attributes-profile analysis (109) and for user selection of pairs of values of attributes, which characterize the user of said means for prescribing system, b) shaper ( 118) for generating requests on the basis of pairs of values of attributes, extracted by said extractor (116) signs-values, the request to be sent to at least one source (103) of the contents, and c) a mechanism (107) media Twa issuing recommendations for the evaluation of results obtained in response to said request to provide said user recommendation, said device being characterized in that it further comprises a selector (117) attributes to select one of said pairs of attributes, the values allocated by said extractor (116 ) sign-values of pairs of values of attributes, which are most characteristic of said profile (109) the user, wherein the selector (117) attributes configured to use the algorithm tma Relief as a feature selection algorithm to select said pairs of the most characteristic features-znacheniy.2. The apparatus of Claim. 1, wherein said extractor (116) signs-values is adapted to discharge steam-sign values based on at least one of the positive and negative ratings polzovatelya.3. The apparatus of Claim. 1, wherein said generator (118) configured to query said query expansion using the thesaurus or ontologiyu.4. The apparatus of claim. 1, in which said plate


Over the last fifteen years, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay have implemented major economic reforms including unilateral trade liberalization programs and the constitution of a regional trade bloc, Mercosur. This trade policy change has led to a reallocation of resources across sectors and space. The impact of the trade liberalization on industrial production structures in Mercosur countries has been little investigated so far. How concentrated /dispersed are manufacturing activities? Have patterns of manufacturing concentration changed? What are the determinants of manufacturing concentration patterns? This paper identifies and explains relative concentration patterns of manufacturing activities in three Mercosur member countries, namely, Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, over the period 1970-1998. In particular, using econometric techniques, we analyse inter-industry and across-time differences in manufacturing concentration patterns and explain their main determinants over this period. Our research results suggest that some industries, such as Beverages, Tobacco and Leather are highly concentrated in relative terms, while industries such as Glass, Textiles, and Fabricated metal products are dispersed. We find that on average, relative manufacturing concentration has increased over the above mentioned period. While industries, such as, Non-electrical machinery, Electrical machinery and Professional and scientific instruments have experienced significant monotonic increases, other industries, such as Printing and publishing, Rubber products, and Non-ferrous metals have registered a reversal of their relative concentration levels. Our econometric analysis indicates that localization of demand and comparative advantage factors are the main driving forces of the observed relative manufacturing concentration patterns.


The western Indian craton of Rajasthan is occupied by an 'ensemble of older gneissic and volcanosedimentary rocks of Early to Late Archaean age known as the Banded Gneissic Complex (Heron, 1953), or reclassified Bhilwara Supergroup comprising the Sandmata Complex (SC), the Mangalwar Complex (MC), and the Hindoli Group (HG) (Gupta et al 1997) The granulite facies of SC rocks are imbricated with the amphibolite facies gneisses of the MC (Guha and Bhattacharya, 1995) the latter has lately been classified as greenstones (Mohanty and Guha, 1995) In contrast to the stratigraphy of the well-defined greenstone belts of the world where it is well constrained both by geochronology and geochemistry, the sequential greenstone stratigraphy in Rajasthan is based on probabilistic geotectonic interpretations (cf Blake and Meakins, 1993, Friend etal 1988) The proposed sequential tectonostratigraphy of the dismembered greenstone lithologies is primarily substantiated by new mapping on 1 25,000 scale along with extensive field data together with analysis of new isotopic dates and reassessment of earlier works (Fig 1) The tectonostratigraphy of the greenstone lithologies initiate with the older, amphibolite facies, polygenetic migmatitic gneisses (bimodal gneisses) forming the Asan Group, followed tectonically upwards by ultramafic-amphibolitechert sequence, migmatitic gneiss, mica schist, graphite schist (tuff), and quartzite-calc gneiss together forming the Sawadri Group This group is followed upwards by fuchsite quartzite, amphibolitic autoclastic conglomerate, marblecalc gneiss and sillimanite-garnet-mica schist (metagreywacke) together forming the Tanwan Group This bimodal gneiss compares well with the largely plutonic Amitsoq Gneiss of Greenland and Gorur Gneiss of South India The ultramafic rock dominated Sawadri Group and mafic volcanic rock dominated Tanwan Group are the greenstone successions established in the cratonic terrane of Rajasthan, overlying the Bimodal Gneiss The granodioritic-tonalitic, granite gneiss, porhyrttic gianite plutons and norite dykes aie the synto post-kinematic, polygenic, intrusive complex, called the Ran Igneous Complex, which have variously modified the greenstone successions of this terrane (Mohanty and Guha, 1995) The greenstones and granulite gneiss lithologies established in the cratonic terrane ot Rajasthan are separated form each other by discordant ductile shear zones of mylonitic to ultramylonitic gneisses of variable thickness from a few metres to 50 m or up to 0 5 km at times, containing


This paper studies the development of Spanish and Quechua bilingual lexicography from the sixteenth to the early seventeenth century. Especially, we analyse the lexicographical work of Gonzalez Holguin, Vocabvlario dela lengva general de todo el Perv llamada lengua Qquichua, o del Inca (1608), paying special attention to the influence of Nebrija's Vocabulario espanol-latino (c. 1495 y 1516).


The Wenduermaodao biotite granodiorite pluton is located in Shalazhashan on the northern margin of the Alxa Block. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons from the pluton yielded an age of 301±2Ma, which indicates that the pluton is a Late Carbonif-erous intrusion. According to the geochemical analysis, the Wenduermaodao pluton has high SiO 2 (67.23%~72.57%), K2O(1.14 %~6.13%) and Al2O3(13.67%~17.29%), suggesting that it is calc-alkaline and peraluminous (A/CNK=0.98~1.10). This intrusion has low REE content (38.86×10-6~74.39×10-6) with a relative enrichment of LREE and week Eu anomalies (δEu=0.9~1.3). The primitive mantle normalized trace element patterns are characterized by the enrichment of the LILE (Rb, Th, K) and depletion of HFSE (Nb, Ta, P, Ti), showing the features of I-type granite. Combined with regional geology, the authors hold that the pluton was emplaced in a subduction setting and derived from mixed sources of oceanic crust and juvenile crust, and the subduction of Paleo Asian plate be-neath the northern Alxa Block took place at 301Ma or earlier.


One method of gaining insight into the mechanisms of growth and differentiation is based on the use of defined substances to alter normal development, but analysis of developmental changes so produced may be difficult or impossible if the substances used have an ill-defined biochemical action. The antimetabolites, however, do not have this disadvantage and, among them, folk acid antagonists are especially interesting. The metabolic activity of folic acid, which has been demonstrated in microorganisms, insects and vertebrates, is inhibited by suitable doses of folic acid antagonists. Because therapeutically they cause temporary remissions in cases of acute leukaemia, probably more analogues of folic acid have now been developed than of all other vitamins put together (Daniel, 1961). Aminopterin (4-aminopteroyl-L-glutamic acid) has been widely used, although the less potent methotrexate (amethopterin) (4-amino-10-methylpteroyl-L-glutamic acid) has often been preferred clinically.


Ultrathin die pick-up is studied for 3D IC applications. Failure modes are identified as follows: 1) no pick-up due to insufficient peeling; 2) die crack created by ejector; 3) neighboring die crack due to ejector push-up. Optimal dicing tape is selected along with pick-up process tuning. By using optimal dicing tape, pick-up process window is identified for 20 and $30\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ thickness Si die with 8x8 and 12x12 mm die size. The failure modes of "die crack created by ejector" and "neighboring die crack" occur when push height is large and/or pickp-up time is short. The failure mode of "no pick-up" occurs at insufficient push height. Finally, pick-up conditions with 100% yield are identified with ≤ 1 sec pick-up time.


Photodetectors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have great potential applications in the field of new energy, such as fuel cells, solar cells, and other fields. Van der Waals (vdW) heterojunction photodiodes are expected to be one of the promising applications of two-dimensional materials due to the photoelectric properties without consideration of lattice mismatch. High-efficiency photoelectric sensors based on two-dimensional materials have great significance to reducing the energy consumption of devices. Here, we build a complex vdW heterostructure by combining InS0.3Se0.7 with another suitable 2D material WS2. Few-layer graphite was used as electrodes to enhance the optoelectronic performance of indium monochalcogenides. Evident photocurrent is observed in the InS0.3Se0.7/WS2 vdW heterostructure device arising from the formed p–n junction at the interface. The uniformity and photoresponse of the InS0.3Se0.7/WS2 vdW heterostructure has been further investigated by the photocurrent mapping. It shows that the entire photovoltaic current was originated from the InS0.3Se0.7/WS2 vdW heterojunction by scanning photocurrent microscope images. Furthermore, the response speed is enhanced at small bias voltage. The transient photoresponse can be well reproduced in almost 100 cycles, indicating the good repeatable optoelectronic performance. Our study indicates that the as-prepared InS0.3Se0.7/WS2 vdW heterostructures are attractive building blocks for photodetectors application. Our findings will open up a new way to further develop high-performance, low-power, and energy-efficient photodetectors based on indium monochalcogenides.


We consider a vector (multicriteria) problem of Boolean programming in the case where the partial criteria are the absolute values of linear functions. We study the limit level of disturbances of the coefficients of criterion functions in the space with metrics l ∞ which preserves the Pareto optimality of the solution. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the stability radius of such a solution to be infinite.


Mirrored Aperture Synthesis (MAS) was proposed to improve spatial resolution with fewer antennas for passive microwave remote sensing. In this paper, an Experiment System of MAS (ESMAS) at 36.4GHz is introduced, which is designed for verifying the principle and performance of MAS. ESMAS is composed of an antenna array, four reflectors, a receiving channel array, a synchronous acquisition subsystem, a processor, and a rotatory platform. The initial experiment results are given.


In many industrial applications, the option to acquire information instead of simply waiting for conditions to improve can add considerable value to projects. As one example, most oil wells require periodic "workovers" to maintain production at satisfactory levels, and acquiring up-to-date information on the reservoir using a production logging tool (PLT) generally improves the efficiency of such workovers. 2005 Morgan Stanley.


This study investigated the optimization of time of coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation of the chemical coagulant, aluminum sulfate and natural coagulant, Tannin. It was performed an economic analysis of the process, checked the removal efficiency of color, turbidity, COD, and treatment characterization using metals, BOD5, and total solids. The tests were conducted in Jar Test, using different mixing and sedimentation times. The time required to provide the rapid and slow mixing were 2 and 20 minutes, respectively, for the investigated coagulants, with optimum concentration of 400 mg L -1 for Tannin and 600 mg L -1 for Aluminum Sulfate. For the analyzed parameters, the percentage of removal, according to the best optimization test were 93.12, 99.06 and 99.29% for COD, color, and turbidity, respectively, using the coagulant aluminum sulfate, and 94.81, 99.17 and 99.65% for COD, color and turbidity, respectively, using the coagulant Tannin.


In this document we collect and briefly explain the logical pattern representations for our contribution "Toward Application Integration with Multimedia Data" as well as modeling stereotypes for the user interaction.


Abstract. The present revision offers an overview on the production of biofuels, such as bioethanol, biodiesel and biogas, through native and genetically modified microorganisms. Key Words: biofuel, bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, modified microorganism. Resumen. La presente revision brinda un panorama general sobre la produccion de biocombustibles, tales como bioetanol, biodiesel y biogas, a traves de microorganismos nativos y geneticamente modificados. Palabras clave: biocombustibles, bioetanol, biodisel, biogas, microorganismos modificados.


Some problems of present state in die making and using and early failure in mould and die industry were investigated from stress concentration of die structure,mould and die steels and carbides shape and distribution in these steels,quenching and tempering temperature and residual stress in die steel,die hardness and service life as well as some problems in service.Some methods of increasing die fracture resistance,reducing die early failure and increasing die service life were put forward.


Introduction D.Kelly The Problem of the German Conception of the State The Idea of Office and the Concept of Democracy Democratization: Concept and Problematic Legitimacy: On a Category of Civil Society Tocqueville's 'New Political Science' Goya's Reason and the Project of Modernity: Seeking Understanding of 'The Dream of Reason' (Capricho 43) 'Hellenic Intellectual Culture' and the Origins of Weber's Political Thinking Political Science as a Vocation: A Personal Account


As the market establishing and the project management mechanism for deepening reform , the project cost management is in a core position and playing increasingly important role in the project . Based on cost management analysis and relevant theories and methods, and it combined the content, features and current situation of cost management in substation project. The paper uses the method of PDACE process control theory and value engineering, it is applied to the cost management.of the substation project. This study played a major role on reducing the cost of construction project.


Since vectorized regroup instructions are comparatively complex whereas different instructions correspond to different delays,it is hard to find out a uniform and efficient vector regroup algorithm.The paper analyzes shifting and insertion/extraction instructions that are offered by domestic produced CPU SW-1600,and presents an optimal algorithm that only depends on shifting or insertion/extraction instructions to realize vector regroup as well as an efficient algorithm that integrates the two types of instructions to realize vector regroup.At last it is proven by experiments that the algorithms can better vectorize programs.The speedup ratio for integer type values reaches 7.31 while that for complex double precision float type programs reaches 1.83.


Atherosclerosis is a process of lipid deposition in the arterial wall with gradual plaque formation in association with chronic inflammation. Treg cells play a protective role in atherosclerosis. Through cell- to- cell contact inhibition and secretion of IL- 10,TGF- β and other cytokines,it suppresses effector T cell activation,proliferation and inhibits the formation and development of plaque. Therefore,studying the factors associated with Treg cell proliferation,such as IL33 /ST2,BM- MSCs,ox- LDL,anti- CD3 monoclonal antibody,Myd- 88,etc. will provide a new direction for the prevention and treatment of AS.


Both, chiral and achiral basket-handle porphyrins were synthesized via a short, reliable, and efficient route in multigram quantities. Standard synthetic protocols such as metalation of the macrocycle, halogenation, and borylation of the porphyrin core or alkyl- and arylation with lithium organyls were successfully adapted. The planar-chiral representatives were resolved into their enantiomers, whose absolute configurations were determined by comparison of experimental CD spectra with TDCAM-B3LYP calculated ones.


A bottle mount and a bottle for bicycles comprises a mount for attachment to the bicycle having a concave surface that is a segment of a surface of revolution of a substantially straight line of not more than about 180 degrees in circumferential extent and a bottle having an external surface that is complementary to a concave surface of the mount. The concave surface of the mount and the complementary surface of the bottle have hook and loop cloth fastener elements affixed to them. A beverage in the bottle is discharged through a valved dispenser that is designed to be opened using the teeth.


A two‐step approach for conditional value at risk estimation is considered. First, a generalized quasi‐maximum likelihood estimator is employed to estimate the volatility parameter, then the empirical quantile of the residuals serves to estimate the theoretical quantile of the innovations. When the instrumental density h of the generalized quasi‐maximum likelihood estimator is not the Gaussian density, both the estimations of the volatility and of the quantile are generally asymptotically biased. However, the two errors counterbalance and lead to a consistent estimator of the value at risk. We obtain the asymptotic behavior of this estimator and show how to choose optimally h.


The article highlights and analyzes the role of the space of social life of children
and youth in out-of-school educational institutions in the processes of their socialization.
It was proved that a modern out-of-school educational institution has all the necessary
conditions and technologies for socialization of children and youth, and therefore
has the opportunity to have a significant impact not only on individual children
or children, but also on public life as a whole. Within these processes, the leading
areas of socialization are defined and characterized: socio-psychological, the essence
of which is the child's unconscious assimilation of social behavior, following an example,
unconscious identification with a person and socio-pedagogical, which consists
in the processes of assimilation children and young people accepted in society norms
and rules of conduct, social standards of communication, certain stereotypes and views.
The role of a modern out-of-school educational institution, which builds its educational,
upbringing, developmental and socializing activities on democratic and humanistic
principles, and therefore considered an open educational system that actively interacts
in the socialization of children and youth with the environment.
Emphasis is placed on the need to solve the problem of uniting the efforts of all
social institutions of education, upbringing, development and socialization of the growing
individual, which is leading in the formation of the citizen of the XXI century
and should be considered in the plane although this is undoubtedly important, but more
so in psychological and pedagogical and socio-pedagogical, based on the current goals
of the New Ukrainian education, aimed at forming vital competencies of the growing
individual.
It was proved that modern out-of-school education should be considered as one
that reveals the nearest prospects for the development of a growing personality
in the space of his social life in out-of-school educational institutions. Consequently,
these educational institutions should become centers of motivational development
of children and youth, self-realization of their ideas about themselves as "I of the future",
and thus promote professional self-determination in the end. Then the leading
characteristic of the space of social life of children and youth in out-of-school education, which ensures the effectiveness of their socialization, is its free from harassment,
constant guidelines and strict regulation of life of each individual, assistance in meeting
educational needs, motives and desires, creating comfortable personal communication
and cooperation.


For many years, lands in Cameron Highland have been opened and leveled for agricultural farming and intensive crop production. Land-disturbing activities such as agricultural operations that are conducted on regions with steep slopes leads to a high potential of soil erosion, sedimentation and landslide occurrences. As a results, this phenomenon producing large amounts of sediment transported and deposited to the receiving waters or reservoirs. The development of best management practices (BMPs) for agricultural activities is an important step towards minimizing the amount of soil erosion and landslide incidents in Cameron Highlands. Therefore, this Erosion and Sediment Control Guideline for Agricultural Activities in Hilly Area aims to minimize erosion and sedimentation from the agricultural area in Cameron Highlands especially in the scope of reservoir sedimentation management. There numbers of steps taken in order to establish this guidelines. The first step is to define the scope with the purpose of the guideline and conduct a literature review. In order to assess the quality and feasibility of the study to formulate the frameworks, engagement with stakeholders was conducted. Lastly is to undergo review and update based on the recommendations by related stakeholders. Finally, before the establishment of guidelines, all recommendations by related stakeholders are take in account that consists of Best Management Practices components which will be applied in the agricultural area to mitigate issues and problems especially in erosion control and reservoir sedimentation management. The Erosion Control Measures are including agronomic measures, soil management, mechanical methods and Rainwater Harvesting Techniques. Subsequently, these measures are used to apply in open or sheltered farming to control the erosion and sedimentation issues based on the erosion risk level. As a conclusion, this guideline will be useful for the stakeholders especially to local community, dam owners and local authority to mitigate and solve the issues related to erosion and sedimentation in hilly agricultural area


An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm-Support Vector Regression Machine (IPSO-SVR) prediction model is developed in this paper to predict the electromagnetic (EM) scattering coefficients of the three-dimensional (3D) sea surface for large scenes in real-time. At first, the EM scattering model of the 3D sea surface is established based on the Semi-Deterministic Facet Scattering Model (SDFSM), and the validity of SDFSM is verified by comparing with the measured data. Using the SDFSM, the data set of backscattering coefficients from 3D sea surface is generated for different polarizations as the training samples. Secondly, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed by combining the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The combined algorithm is utilized to optimize the parameters and train the SVR to build a regression prediction model. In the end, the extrapolated prediction for backscattering coefficients of the 3D sea surface is performed. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the IPSO-SVR-based prediction model is less than 1.2 dB, and the correlation coefficients are higher than 91%. And the prediction accuracy of the PSO-SVR-based, GA-SVR-based and IPSO-SVR-based prediction models is compared. The average RMSE of the PSO-SVR-based and GA-SVR-based prediction models is 1.4241 dB and 1.6289 dB, respectively. While the average RMSE of the IPSO-SVR-based prediction model is reduced to 1.1006 dB. Besides, the average correlation coefficient of the PSO-SVR-based and GA-SVR-based prediction models is 94.36% and 93.93%, respectively. While the average correlation coefficient of the IPSO-SVR-based prediction model reached 95.12%. It demonstrated that the IPSO-SVR-based prediction model can effectively improve the prediction accuracy compared with the PSO-SVR-based and GA-SVR-based prediction models. Moreover, the simulation time of IPSO-SVR-based prediction model is significantly decreased compared with the SDFSM, and the speedup ratio is greater than 15.0. Therefore, the prediction model in this paper has practical application in the real-time computation of sea surface scattering coefficients in large scenes.


Medium voltage motor control centers (MVMCC), designed around the requirements of UL 347 [1], have been successfully used in the forest product industries for many decades. As they continue to provide consistent control of large medium voltage assets, they have also become key components within the intelligent control requirements of today's ever changing industrial facilities. Through the incorporation of proven safety technologies employed within other globally safety-based products, these traditional medium voltage control products can be moved beyond their present safety requirements specified by their current product design and testing standards. In this paper we will cover the utilization of these proven technologies and the additional levels of personnel safety added to these traditional designs.


From two aspects of international environment and domestic environment, this paper analyzes on the necessity of the system-transforming and listing of the state-owned commercial banks, and further points out that the system-transforming and listing of the state-owned commercial banks are beneficial to expanding the channel of the banks' capital funds, increasing the capital adequacy ratio and strengthening their anti-risk ability, and also beneficial to establishing the modern commercial bank system.


Background :Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are significant health issues affecting a great majority of individuals and highly prevalent among medical university students. It has various modifiable risk factors.Objectives: To assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among Medical University students and determine their associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 until September 2019. It included 370 students selected by stratified random sample. A structured questionnaire was used consisting of socio-demographic characteristics, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results:Eighty-two percent of the students had musculoskeletal disorders during the past 12 months. These disorders were significantly higher among students with positive family history, practice low level of physical activity or inactive, sitting a long time in stretch position and long study hours p<0.01.Conclusion :The prevalence of MSDs among the students was high interfering with their work and attending lectures. It can lead to long-term complications and negatively compromise their quality of life and academic achievement. Authorities have to be aware of this health issue so they can set control measures, cost-effective national interventions, and programs.


Sickle cell disease is a genotypic condition characterized by the presence of a hemoglobin S which results biologically and clinically suckling red blood cells and hemolytic anemia.1,2 The occurrence of pregnancy in this fragile situation can trigger fearsome maternal and fetal complications even when appropriate preventive measures are used. Management must be multidisciplinary, involving obstetrician, hematologist and pediatrician assisted by different specialists depending on the evolution. Progress in these areas has allowed women to reach reproductive age and even pregnancy with the risk of complications for them and their fetus. For this, early detection of the disease is essential to plan the best time to be pregnant. In view of this context of pregnancy, which deserves great attention, we have decided to conduct a study on the association of major sickle cell disease and pregnancy at the Pikine National Hospital Center. The main objective is to study the management and prognosis of this particularly morbid pathology when it is associated with pregnancy, in the quest to propose a protocol for its management. Patients and methods


Inflow conditions for time dependent flow configurations are of major importance for the developing flow field and mixing characteristics. The wall heat transfer rates for impinging jets may be sig ...


This research aims to determine the validity of online learning video based on the Science Technology Society (STS) and its effect on biology learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Labuapi. The type of research is research and development with the ADDIE model. The research sample was class X students at SMA Negeri  1 Labuapi with as many as 12 students for the control class and 15 students for the experimental class. Research data obtained from learning outcomes tests (post-test scores) on environmental change material. The results of data analysis showed that the level of validity of the developed video obtained a percentage of 84% in terms of media which include very valid criteria and 86% in terms of material which include very valid criteria. The results of data analysis of learning outcomes data showed that there was a difference in the average post-test score between the experimental class through the application of learning using video which combined with the STS approach and the control class through the application of conventional learning. The average score of the post-test in the experimental class was 84.23, while the average score of the post-test in the control class was 67.17. The significance value of two independent sample t-test obtained is 0.002, the significance value obtained is smaller than 0.05 (p-value < 0.05), so Ho is rejected. The conclusion of this research that the video developed has very valid criteria and the application of learning using video based on the science technology society (STS) approach has a significant effect on improving biology learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Labuapi.


An Investigation Into the Challenges Faced by Teachers in a CoEducational Denominational Primary School in the Caroni Education District During the Implementation of the Primary School Social Studies Draft Syllabus (2002) Nirmala Chinebas-Dindial This study sought to investigate the challenges faced by teachers at a denominational primary school in Trinidad and Tobago, during the implementation of the Primary School Social Studies Draft Syllabus (2002). Data were collected through interviews held with two teachers—one from Standard 2 and one from Standard 4. The findings included the following: 1) teachers did not see the need for the syllabus and were unclear about its goals and objectives, 2) resources were sorely lacking in the implementation process and there was a lack of support from the school district, 3) the principal did not play an active role in the implementation process, 4) teachers felt that they were treated unfairly in the whole implementation process, 5) teachers did not get support from their colleagues and 6) there was a lack of support from the Ministry of Education.


this article recalls the process of growth of Qinghai Research for Nationalities,explains its academic quality, characteristics and advantages, prospects its development trends and give advice on strengthening editorial strength and increaseing the level editor.


Abstract The synthesis of β-oxy-γ-lactones, starting from the epoxy ketoses 1b and 2b and using the enolates of acetate units, is described. The effect of the substituents around C-6 on the pyranose conformation is also discussed.


The advantages of piano include: a broad range of music,a stentorian sound,a flexible tune,a special structure,plentiful timbers and a clear treble,a full alto and a powerful bass.In addition,it's timber and playing method are variable which could express different music moods.However,piano playing is restricted by such factors as music rules,music intonations and the continuity of musical pitch.Furthermore,its bass zone and musical gamut are rather neutral and the timder can not be fully displayed as well as lacks remarkable features in playing.A complete understanding of piano playing could not only enable us to fully appreciate piano's unique advantages but also in practice,help us overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages effectively.