From the perspective of the college students, the statue of network teaching platform is investigated using the methods of questionnaire and interview. Results show that the students are not active in network teaching platform, insufficiently understanding of the role of network teaching platform, the main barriers are the traditional study methods, network teaching platform, assessment methods. In the end, four suggestions are proposed for improving the status of network teaching platform.


Jingtang harbor is built on the mealy sand coast which faces active sediment movement. The physical model test is used to optimize the layout of embankment on both sides of the channel, determine the length and the embankment top elevation from the aspects of economy and rationality, which will provide references for the design of deepwater channel adjacent to mealy sand coast.


A new system, named Ohtli-PR, for the optimization of fuel lattice design in Boiling Water Reactors (BWR), using the heuristic technique called Path Relinking was developed. The system starts with an initial proposal of uranium enrichment and gadolinia concentration. With this information, the system generates a seed fuel lattice, which is used to start an iterative process until an optimized fuel lattice design is achieved. The iterative process includes two steps. In the first one, a scatter set with 94 fuel lattices is constructed; each fuel lattice is called an element. From this scatter set the best 5 elements, according to the evaluation of the objective function, are chosen to form a reference set. From the remaining 89, those 5 elements with the maximum distance with respect to the reference set are chosen. During the iterative process, elements from both sets are used to generate a new element to update the reference set. In the second step, in order to improve the solution achieved up to this moment, two elements from the reference set are used to establish new paths beyond the neighbourhood space. If the new element does not improve the solution, the process continues with the same reference set in the next iteration. The objective function includes both the power peaking factor and the effective multiplication factor at the beginning of life of the fuel lattice. The main objective is to minimize the power peaking factor and to keep the effective multiplication factor within a proposed interval. The fuel lattice designed corresponds to the bottom of the fuel assembly. Only when the fuel lattice fulfils the requirements imposed, then it is evaluated at several burnup points. In order to calculate the parameters involved in the objective function the 2D Helios-1.5 code was used. The system was developed in an Alpha Workstation.


In the present project it shows the results of the predictive effect of the concentration about the coefficient of Stefan for liquid solutions undiluted of acetone system (1) - - benzene (2) - methanol (3), at the temperature of 298K in this thesis the results of the predictive effect of concentration on the diffusion coefficient Maxwell shown ; and the molecular interaction considering the NRTL model to predict the diffusion coefficient of Fick using Mathcad V14. It is concluded that predictive errors Fick diffusion coefficients vary between 5% and 280%, acceptable values considering the complexity of the system in liquid phase. Calculations have allowed us to analyze the behavior of diffusive and net flux of each component using predictive coefficient values Ficka through a liquid film studio system.


Abstract : Identified a candidate algorithm suitable for imaging through turbulence. The phase diversity algorithm demonstrate good performance mapped the phase diversity algorithms onto an opto-electronic (OE) architecture. Developed in-house flip-chip bonding capability for MQW modulators on Silicon. Demonstrated a functional 4x4 array of MQW modulators designed. fabricated and characterized a dual focal length lens implemented with the two-substrate Birefingent Computer Generated Hologram (BCGH) technology. To simplify the design and fabrication of BCGH components, initiated the investigation of single-substrate BCGH using two approaches, a multiple-order delay (MOD) approach and Form Birefingent Computer Generated Holograms (FBCGH) approach a compact functional package of optically interconnected OE VLSI built of a polarization selective BCGH integrated into a standard PGA package was demonstrated.


Abstract In recent years, sociologists pay special attention to the challenging issue of sexual discrimination which has been converted to a hot topic nowadays. The main issue is why women are inhibited to attend in a special socio cultural events despite of presence law, rule and regulation in that area. So, in order to find out the answer of this question, the authors decided to conduct an analytic short communication using a search in the literature. As the main problem was emerged in Iran, besides reviewing International documents and conventions allocated to women, national – Iranian- literature such as academic papers, reports, newspapers and magazines were also searched. Comparing the written documents to real situations showed inconsistency; because although there was no limitation for participating women in such activities, the execution of laws has been failed. The barriers seem to be categorized in Macro and Micro levels which could be resolved by clarifying, defining and planning specific strategies in their related area. Obviously, in depth exploration of the major concept need qualitative studies.


Natural vibrations of Kirchhoff plates immersed in fluid (water) are considered using the Boundary Element Method. The influence of the surro unding fluid considering a liquid free surface on the plate vibrations is analysed. This i s problem of the fluid-structure interaction in which the boundary-domain integral equations consid ering the simplified boundary conditions are used for describing the plate deform ation and motion [1], [2]. Surrounding liquid is a source of the additional inertia forces resulting from its mass. Additionally, compressible liquid can play the role of radiation damping forces [2], [3]. In present analysis it is assumed that the fluid is inviscid and incomp ressible.


New interference among radars may appear when warships makes up fleet,so the forecast and analysis of mutual interference among fleet radars is necessary.This paper offers the generating conditions of mutual interferences among fleet radars,and builds up the prediction model for the mutual interference in the fleet.The model considers all factors that influence the mutual inferences among radars on different ship platforms,and can predict mutual inferences among radars in fleet accurately.


The development and use of intelligent agents are currently growing vertiginously. This growth has raised awareness of big technology companies that launched platforms that ease chatbot development. However, chatbots still fail to meet users' social expectations associated with cultural values imbued during the chatbot development (concerned or not with anthropomorphic topics). In literature, nowadays, there is a lack of research on culture in chatbot building platforms, primarily focusing on non-programmers. This research investigates interactive resources for cultural adaptation on the Blip Builder platform based on Semiotic Engineering. We evaluate the Blip communicability using the Semiotic Inspection Method combined with the Cultural Viewpoint Metaphors, followed by an autoethnography step in the design process of a conversational agent based on Omotenashi, a Japanese cultural characteristic. The main results indicate that the platform offers opportunities that enable cultural adaptation, mainly improving the adaptation of the chatbot behavior to the Omotenashi properties. But also convey some barriers for cultural expression.


Quantization of free fields and spinor electrodynamics on the null plane is performed using Dirac's canonical formalism with constraints. (auth)


During hearings before the President's Committee on Health Education held in San Francisco on January 19, 1972, I testified that, as far as the Chicanos of Santa Clara County whom I represented were concerned, health programs designed to improve the quality of life, such as socalled comprehensive health programs, are both irrational and border on irresponsibility. They are neither comprehensive, nor do they appropriately address issues of health as viewed by Chicanos, and they cannot accuratelv be called programs. I further mentioned three underlying


The AiResearch Casting Company baseline silicon nitride (92 percent GTE SN-502 Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ plus 6 percent Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ plus 2 percent Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) was characterized with methods that included chemical analysis, oxygen content determination, electrophoresis, particle size distribution analysis, surface area determination, and analysis of the degree of agglomeration and maximum particle size of elutriated powder. Test bars were injection molded and processed through sintering at 0.68 MPa (100 psi) of nitrogen. The as-sintered test bars were evaluated by x-ray phase analysis, room and elevated temperature modulus of rupture strength, Weibull modulus, stress rupture, strength after oxidation, fracture origins, microstructure, and density from quantities of samples sufficiently large to generate statistically valid results. A series of small test matrices were conducted to study the effects and interactions of processing parameters which included raw materials, binder systems, binder removal cycles, injection molding temperatures, particle size distribution, sintering additives, and sintering cycle parameters.


The subarcsecond bright points (BPs) associated with the small-scale magnetic fields in the lower solar atmosphere are advected by the evolution of the photospheric granules. We measure various quantities related to the horizontal motions of the BPs observed in two wavelengths, including the velocity autocorrelation function. A 1 hr time sequence of wideband Hα observations conducted at the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope (SST) and a 4 hr Hinode G-band time sequence observed with the Solar Optical Telescope are used in this work. We follow 97 SST and 212 Hinode BPs with 3800 and 1950 individual velocity measurements, respectively. For its high cadence of 5 s as compared to 30 s for Hinode data, we emphasize more the results from SST data. The BP positional uncertainty achieved by SST is as low as 3 km. The position errors contribute 0.75 km2 s−2 to the variance of the observed velocities. The raw and corrected velocity measurements in both directions, i.e., (vx, vy), have Gaussian distributions with standard deviations of (1.32, 1.22) and (1.00, 0.86) km s−1, respectively. The BP motions have correlation times of about 22–30 s. We construct the power spectrum of the horizontal motions as a function of frequency, a quantity that is useful and relevant to the studies of generation of Alfvén waves. Photospheric turbulent diffusion at timescales less than 200 s is found to satisfy a power law with an index of 1.59.


Loss of mitotic checkpoint of cells contributes to chromosomal instability and leads to carcinogenesis. Mitotic arrest deficient 1 (MAD1) is a key component in mitotic checkpoint signalling. In this study, we identified a novel MAD1 interacting partner, proline‐rich acidic protein 1 (PRAP1), using yeast‐two hybrid screening, and investigated its role in mitotic checkpoint signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We demonstrated the physical interaction of PRAP1 with MAD1 and of PRAP1 with MAD1 isoform MAD1β, using a co‐immunoprecipitation assay. Moreover, stable expression of PRAP1 in mitotic checkpoint‐competent HCC cells, BEL‐7402 and SMMC‐7721, induced impairment of the mitotic checkpoint (p < 0.01), formation of chromosome bridges (p < 0.01) and aberrant chromosome numbers (p < 0.001). Interestingly, ectopic expression PRAP1 in HCC cells led to significant under‐expression of MAD1. In human HCC tumours, 40.4% (23/57) of HCCs showed under‐expression of PRAP1 protein as compared with their corresponding non‐tumorous livers; up‐regulation of MAD1 protein was significantly associated with down‐regulation of PRAP1 (p = 0.030). Our data revealed that PRAP1 is a protein interacting partner of MAD1 and that PRAP1 is able to down‐regulate MAD1 and suppress mitotic checkpoint signalling in HCC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. www.pathsoc.org.uk


© Translational Andrology and Urology. All rights reserved. The increasing opioid dependence in North America is undoubtedly one of the most disturbing healthcare and social problems (1). Growth of opioid prescriptions in the USA over the last 20 years has substantially contributed to opioid dependence (2). For more than a century, opioids were an essential part of healthcare as one of the most effective options for analgesia (3,4). Nonetheless, according to WHO, opioid abuse remains one of the leading causes of death among drug users (5), and the USA holds the leadership in opioid use. A 2019 report by the International Narcotics Control Board shows that this country consumes up to 40% of all opioids; however, its opioid-using population only constitutes 5.3% among all the contributing countries (6). Welk et al. provided another indication that the opioid epidemic is an important problem for North American healthcare (1). The authors analyzed the databases of Ontario's public health registries and enrolled data of 91,083 men who underwent urologic surgeries that should not require post-procedure opioid prescriptions or only a short course. The findings were as follows: more than a third of patients (35%) were prescribed opioids; of them, 81% were prescribed by urologists which led to increased risk of opioid dependence for both types of procedures (adjusted OR 1.37, 95% CI: 0.92–2.04, P=0.12 and adjusted OR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.28–1.67, P<0.01). While the paper by Welk et al. is a perfect example of the potential harm of opioid prescription, it does not provide a clear answer to the question of who is responsible for the overwhelming opioid abuse. Previously, several possible factors were suggested: initial reports stating that opioids were safe, aggressive marketing, and pill-mills – clinics that prescribe opioids unnecessarily (2). Most of the sources suggest that the current opioid crisis in the USA could be a consequence of healthcare reformation in the 1990's when pharmaceutical companies provided a large body of evidence that opioids were a safe option for fast pain relief (7-9). Until recently, a number of opioid usage advocates referred to a 40-year-old letter published in the New England Journal of Medicine, in which the authors reported a minimal number of opioid abuse cases (4 among almost 12,000 patients) (7). This brief letter was cited more than 600 times over 40 years. In 2017, it was heavily criticized by Leung et al., who pointed out that more than 72.2% of citations of this paper were used as evidence of opioid addiction rarity (8). The authors hold the view that the citation contributed substantially to opioid abuse in North America "by helping to shape a narrative that allayed prescribers' concerns about the risk of addiction associated with long-term opioid therapy". Leung et al. suggested that most of the instances of letter citation were carried out in favor of pharmaceutical companies marketing opioids (8). Does it imply that pharmaceutical companies are the driving force behind the current crisis? Indeed, aggressive and treacherous marketing by some companies has been demonstrated. Helmerhorst et al. pointed out that in 2006, Purdue Pharma had been found guilty of irresponsible Editorial Commentary


Control of the shape and surface termination of semiconductor nanoparticles via control of the fabrication conditions is desirable for many technological applications. We present a theoretical model based on density functional theory first principles thermodynamics for the optimal shape and surface reconstruction of hydrogen-terminated silicon nanoparticles, as a function of nanoparticle size and the temperature and hydrogen partial pressure of the formation conditions. We predict nanoparticle shapes to be dominated by (111) facets under most conditions, with fully octohedral shapes available for higher H2 chemical potential and (113) and (001) facets appearing as H2 chemical potential decreases. Comparison to previously published nanoparticle shapes reveals agreement between the observed and predicted nanoparticle shapes for the reported chemical conditions. Control of the hydrogen chemical potential should allow nanoparticles with variable fractions of (100) and (113) surfaces to be created, with potent...


Before we delve into understanding the difference between self-reporting and observer (peer) ratings, it's essential to discern how each rating measures the same concept (i.e., personality), yet focuses on different aspects. Self-reporting concentrates on how an individual measures their own internal dynamics (e.g., one's identity). Observer ratings focus on how a peer measures the reputation of an individual (Oh, Wang, & Mount, 2011). SUMMARY


Background: Human heredity is known to determine about 50% of heart rate variability (HRV) based on a twin study; however, genetic polymorphisms causing increased HRV in athletes are not known. Objectives: This article is aimed at studying the associations of uncoupling protein 2 ( UCP2 ) Ala55Val (rs660339) and UCP3 -55C/T (rs1800849) polymorphisms with heart rate variability (HRV) in trained oarsmen. Methods: HRVindices(standarddeviationsof NNintervals(SDNN),rootmeansquareof successivedifferences(RMSSD),HF,LF,VLF), stroke index and cardiac index of the young oarsmen (age 17.6 ± 1.6 years old, n = 23) were determined by impedance cardiography methodinthesupineandstandingpositions. Themaximumoxygenconsumption(VO2max)wasexaminedwitharowerergometer by means of a gas analyzer. Polymorphisms of the UCP2 Ala55Val and the UCP3 -55T/C were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and length analysis of restriction products. Results: It was found that both polymorphisms were not associated with VO2max. The UCP2 Val/Val genotype compared to the combinedvariant(Ala/Ala+Ala/Val)containingthe55Alaallele,aswellasthe UCP3 T/Tgenotypecomparedtothecombinedvariant (C/T + C/C) containing the -55C allele were associated with low HR and increased HRV: SDNN, RMSSD and HF vagal indices in the supine position. Moreover, the athletes with the UCP3 -55T/T genotype had a pronounced increase in heart rate (ANOVA, P < 0.001) and a decrease in stroke index (ANOVA, P = 0.005) in response to active orthostasis compared to C/T and C/C genotypes. Conclusions: The UCP2 Val/Val and the UCP3 T/T genotypes may be genetic markers of increased HRV in the highly trained athletes, suggesting an influence of these UCP2 / UCP3 polymorphisms on autonomic cardiovascular regulation.


The main fields of study that are addressed in this book are intercultural learning, literature didactics, and the deconstruction of the Native American stereotype. The book's first part offers worthwhile theoretical information on the respective areas, whereas the second part provides practical examples on how to teach Sherman Alexie's short story "A Drug Called Tradition" and poem "13/16" in the EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classroom. The EFL classroom in particular offers teachers an early opportunity to make students aware of and assist them in going beyond their own ethnocentric perspectives. In this context, Sherman Alexie's texts are especially suitable as both works tackle topics of cross-cultural relevance, such as the loss of identity, poverty, and drug abuse. To cut a long story short, the book's ultimate goal is to show how contemporary Native American literature can help to promote intercultural competences, like perspective- taking and stereotype-free thinking among students.


Gnostic biblical interpretation closely resembles, from a formal perspective, Second Sophistic interpretation of Homeric Epic, which no less than the Bible constituted canonical scripture in late antiquity. This becomes apparent when one compares rewritings of Homer in Philostratus' Heroicus and in Dio Chrysostom's Trojan Oration to biblical revision in the Secret Book of John, the Nature of the Rulers, and On the Origin of the World. This essay accounts for this resemblance with reference to ancient rhetorical textbooks and model compositional exercises (progymnasmata), which treat a rhetorical tactic identified as ἀνασκευὴ ("refutation"). It also ponders the implications and interpretive possibilities of joint analysis of these two bodies of late antique scriptural revision.


One of the important tasks of the State museum of history of literature, art and culture of Altai is documentation, research, presentation and promotion of the musical heritage of the region and its importance in the world of cultural and historical space. The museum has eight personal funds, reflecting the life and work of musical figures Altai (composers, educators, performers), five thematic meetings on individual institutions, music groups and individuals, as well as a collection of musical instruments. The State museum of history of literature, art and culture of Altai has materials reflecting activity A.S. Anokhin (1904-1975) teacher, educator and promoter of art, folklore collector, composer, author of instrumental compositions, the creator of vocal works for solo and choral performance, the nephew of an outstanding researcher and activist culture of Siberia A.V. Anokhin. It should be noted that the museum separate fund A.S. Anokhin is not selected. The main body the documents reflecting Наследие композитора А.С. Анохина в фондах музея Алтая his work is concentrated in the personal fund composer, ethnographer and teacher A.V. Anokhin, a small part in the personal fund musician and teacher V.P. Vvedenskii. The museum contains a handwritten autobiography A.S. Anokhin, photographs, which depicted the events of the composer's life and letters addressed to A.S. Anokhin musicologist from K.A. Vertkov (1906-1972), composer A.M. Ilyin (1908-1972), opera singer, teacher, student A.V. Anokhin -V.P. Lizunov-Arcanov (1905-1973). Sheet music plays a special role for the composer's heritage characteristics. Heritage of composer A.S. Anokhin is a handwritten list of vocal pieces and printed music sources: a manuscript of instrumental works and more than thirty of vocal works for children and adults, mostly unpublished. Studying heritage of A.S. Anohin that is concentrated at the State museum of history of literature, art and culture of Altai, allows us to trace the main stages of life and work of the composer and teacher, and offers opportunities for promoting it in modern society.


How do teens deal with the complexities of the digital world? Although many scholars have asked this question, few have considered not only the interpersonal concerns that loom large in the lives of teens and young adults but also their relationship with the social media platforms which have become so central to their lives. In this paper we present a study of Danish teens' attitudes towards social media platforms they use most -- Facebook and Snapchat. We find gender differences in attitudes toward each platform. We also illustrate the potential role of a digital education effort in changing teen attitudes.


Born: September 29, 1912, Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy Died: July 30, 2007, Rome, Italy Michelangelo Antonioni's death marks the loss of perhaps the last great living embodiment of the heritage of Italian neorealist filmmaking, and of what came after. Like the cinema of Neorealism, Antonioni's was a cinema of observation. However, he practiced a kind of looking so concentrated that it at times seemed to warp things out of familiarity. Strangely, in the days and weeks following his death, commentators seem to have had difficulty articulating what it was that made his filmmaking important. The best of his films are stylishly beautiful, but never vapid; rigorous, and yet radically open and open-ended. They are grounded in history, the specific history of post-World War II Italy, the Italy of the economic boom. Moreover, they seem as modern and strange today as they did decades ago upon their release. We accept that it is difficult to talk about Antonioni. In order to memorialize his achievement-one that we, too, find difficult to put into words-we have decided to follow one of his cherished methods: we choose to meditate on the fragment. In what follows we think about two passages from two of his finest realizations, La notte/The Night (1960) and L'eclisse/The Eclipse (1962); both passages materialize Antonioni's persistent preoccupation with the landscape of modernity. We hope that by isolating these moments and their aesthetic and historical operations, we may be able to fumble toward an appreciation of what is one of the most crucial-if gloriously ineffable-bodies of work in modern filmmaking and modern art. Breda Factory, Milan's Periphery Although carefully positioned in real, contingent places, which always embody a specific modernity (either because of the modern's overdetermined presence, or its conspicuous absence), Antonioni's bodies never seem at ease with themselves or their surrounds. Sidelined, marginalized, displaced, they "feel" their ways through spaces they do not dominate, and make us feel them too, pressing as they do at all the borders of the screen. While the frame is often static, it is nevertheless traversed by vectors of gazes, which move in significant directions. In Antonioni's cinema sexuality is materialized through the geometrical relationship between body, gaze, and space, just as sexuality itself is a product of the positioning of bodies in society, in gender roles, in everyday practices, in architectures, in power structures. Antonioni does not give us a generic sexuality; rather, as David Forgacs has proposed, he offers one of "a specific moment in Italian society, in artistic culture and the history of sexuality and representation."1 Summer of 1960, Milan, the peak of the economic boom: La Notte. Lidia (Jeanne Moreau) gets out of a taxi and looks around. A specific, significant place: Sesto San Giovanni, the immediate outskirts north of Milan, an important industrial area since the nineteenth century. The landscape is decidedly peripheral, a mix of modernity (tall buildings in the distance, a circular, glass petrol station) and the last remaining fragments of a marginal pre-modernity. We stand outside the Breda factory, a potent symbol of the roots and history of Italian modernity. The factory embodies several myths of Italian modernity: the myth of progress (the manufacture of trains and airplanes); that of power and expansion (the manufacture of the cannons and military trucks of the Fascist empire); that of post-World War II industrial rebirth and consumerist utopia (the manufacture of motorcycles and fridges). Like Vittoria (Monica Vitti) in Sicily in L'avventura/The Adventure (1959), bourgeois, urbanized Lidia is an alien body in a landscape that turns uncanny in her presence. A group of working-class men, much younger than she, stride into an empty yard as actors on a stage, silently. Two exchange blows after one of them has taken off his shirt. …


In the current beginnings of the mapping of the consumer society there is an evident tension between political-economic and poststructuralist accounts of consumption. It has been suggested that a philosophy of difference does nothing more than mimic a capitalist ideology of choice; that it represents a levelling of philosophy to the vulgar status of consumerism. The counterposition asserts a lack of tolerance to difference inherent in the rationalism of Marxism, which ultimately adheres to production as its central, stabilizing, metaphysical concept. In examining such ideas we seek to ground judgmental positions with respect to the political status of consumption (and of production) in notions of collectivity and action. To this end we provide a brief discussion of the history of consumer cooperation as a political force. More generally, by elucidating the political potentialities of different philosophical approaches, which present themselves as opposites, we hope to interrupt—interminably and retroactively—the development of a geography of the consumer society which is simply additive to existing geographies of the productive society.


comprises two stages, namely: 1) pre-training a multi-view mammogram classifier with weak supervision from the whole dataset, and 2) extend the trained classifier to become a multi-view detector that is trained with semi-supervised student-teacher learning, where the training set contains fully and weakly-annotated mammograms. We provide extensive detection results on two real-world screening mammogram datasets containing incomplete annotations, and show that our proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art results in the detection of malignant breast lesions with incomplete annotations. ©


Madness: A Very Short Introduction By Andrew Scull. Oxford University Press. 2011. £7.99 (pb). 152 pp. ISBN: 9780199608034

Here, in just over 100 pages, Scull accepts the task of providing a stimulating way into the subject of 'madness'; a 'commonsense category, reflecting our culture's...


IgG1 Fc is a remarkable molecule, capable of initiating pro-inflammatory or antiinflammatory responses by binding to Fc receptors. IgG1 Fc has a conserved glycosylation site at N297. The presence of the carbohydrate at N297 is vital for proper Fc function. Intramolecular glycan-polypeptide interactions are thought to impose conformational restrictions on Fc that maintain binding-favorable interactions. Perturbations of these intramolecular interactions may result in disrupted binding of Fc. In this work, we mutate residues at the glycan-polypeptide interface to disrupt the contacts between the glycan and polypeptide. Using MALDI-TOFMS and SPR we demonstrate that Fc mutants display more highly processed glycans and reduced affinity for FcγRIIIa. Furthermore, we mutate residues at the interface of the Cγ2 and Cγ3 domains that do not have highly processed glycans, but still have impaired binding to FcγRIIIa. Finally, we conclude with a mIgG2a Fc protein construct that shows promise for testing Fc functionality in cellular systems.


In this paper, we investigate the transmission characteristics of metamaterial (MTM) -based slow-wave structure (SWS) with two waveguide couplers by using the frequency domain solver in CST 2016 Microwave Studio. The radiation source is also presented here based on the above structure to study the beam-wave interaction verified by the particle-in-cell (PIC) in CST 2016 Particle Studio. The simulation results show that the MTM-based SWS has a pass band near 3 GHz. Meanwhile, the radiation source has electronic efficiency of 26.7% and its peak output power is 61.6 kW at 2.83 GHz when the beam voltage and beam current are 38.5 kV and 6 A, respectively. The characteristic of miniaturization is shown by the fact that the transverse dimension of the MTM-based SWS is approximately 1/7 to 3/7 of the corresponding S band conventional structure.


Neuropsychology: A Clinical Approach, 3rd Ed.

by KEVIN WALSH, 465 pp., ill., Edinburgh, UK, Churchill Livingstone, 1994. $46.95 paperback

This is the third edition of a text that was first published in 1978. In the preface to this edition (as in the preface to the second edition), …


This study experimentally investigates the seismic behavior of precast reinforced concrete walls by test of large-scale specimens. The parameters of connected steel cover plate, orientation of wall reinforcements, steel ratio of wall, and strength of concrete were studied. The results show that the precast reinforced concrete wall can effectively increase the earthquake resistance of structures and protect the structural frame. The performance of the precast reinforced concrete wall can be fully developed by using connected steel cover plates with two channel plates which were fixed by M16 chemical anchors. The modified conventional reinforcement with more steel at the corners produces better performance than the other orientations. The larger steel ratio and stronger concrete also definitely increase the earthquake resistance of structures.


The firing behavior of α-Si3N4 powder corroded under hydrothermal conditions was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and TEM analysis suggest that the hydorothermal treatment enhances the α-β phase transition in α-Si3N4 and the formation of Si2ON2 phase from α-Si3N4 during firing at high temperature. In paticular, TEM analysis indicate that the grown β-Si3N4 grains contain an α-Si3N4 core under the α-β phase transition in α-Si3N4.


In the following paper we observe one of the impacts of the new TICs in the context of the recent riots. In particular, we show a few examples where is possible to realize how Governments are experimenting a process of enabling and sophistication, and how TICs could be considered not only a a medium of democratization, but also a new tools of repression in autocratic contexts. Moreover considering the new cooperation between Internet provider and government agencies, we report new issues which must be studied with the aim to improve the structure of the Internet.


A dehulled and normal sample of Lupr'nus angust#~~~us cv. Gungurru was obtained from the Benalla district of Victoria, and the digestible energy (DE) and apparent ileal digestibility (ID) of lysine determined. Three sugar-based diets containing dehulled lupin-seed meal (kernel), lupin-seed meal (lupin) and soya-bean meal (soya) were formulated. In each case the test protein was the only source of protein in each diet. The soya-bean meal diet was included as a positive control. Diets containing kernel and lupin were supplemented with small amounts of L-lysine HCl and DLmethionine to improve protein quality.


ABSTRACT Written between c.1093 and the end of the 1120s, Eadmer of Canterbury's Historia novorum in Anglia is one of the best-known sources for the study of Anglo-Norman political, ecclesiastical and cultural history. This article explores the identity of the text as it developed in Eadmer's own mind. While modern scholars have placed the Historia novorum within the development of English national historiography, Eadmer showed no desire for his work to be received in this way. Instead, Eadmer's Historia was profoundly influenced by his extensive experience in writing the lives and miracles of saints. The Historia novorum occupies a space between history and hagiography, which successfully redeployed Eadmer's experiences of writing the past through hagiography, in order to produce an innovative and unique example of the genre of medieval historiography.


According to Einstein's first hypothesis only, it can be reached to transfer formats Between reference frames in the special theory of relativity


The effect of phosphorus and fulvic acid(FA)combined application on PZnavailability and Zntransform ation in calcareous Chao soil by incubated method.The results showed that,the available P content in Chao soil was significantly increased with P added amount increased,and the P was fixed with incubated time extend,and the phenomenon of fixed was evidence.The available P content was increased with FA added amount increased,it could say that FA improved the availability of P,but the P activate foundation by FA was very feebleness when under the low P content treatment,and the activated foundation was very evident under the more P content treatment.The soil DTPA-Zn content was significantly increased with Zn added amount increased,and the DTPA-Zn content was significantly decreased with incubated time extend.The added P amount was low could increased DTPA-Zn content,but when P added amount was too much(more than 120 mg kg-1 or 160 mg kg-1) P added could decreased DTPA-Zn content.The content of DTPA-Zn was increased with FA added amount increased,but it was decreased with incubation time extended.The forms of Zn in soil was main residue form Zn(RES-Zn),but the exchange form Zn(EX-Zn) and organic bound form Zn(OM-Zn) content was very little.Added dissoluble Zn could increased the content of residual form Zn(RES-Zn),carbonate form Zn(CAB-Zn),Fe-oxide and Mn-oxide bound form Zn(OFe-Mn-Zn) and exchange form Zn(EX-Zn),but the EX-Zn content increased was very little,and also showed that the higher available EX-Zn and OM-Zn could transfer to RES-Zn with incubated time extend.The effect of FA on Zn forms transfer was unconspicuous.


Conservation genetic disciplines have greatly progressed during the last thirty years, mainly thanks to the continuous development of molecular biological knowledge and the implementation of molecular tools used to describe diversity at the DNA level. The ongoing transition from Conservation genetics to Conservation genomics is showing to increase at an exponential speed as the integrated use of various kinds of molecular genetic data and bioinformatic approaches may improve our theoretical knowledge and practical approaches in the conservation and wise use of biodiversity. Aim of this mini-review is to push forward the ongoing transition, bearing in mind that most of the applied conservation programs would not need entire genomic data set, which are still expensive and time consuming


In this era of globalization the economy plays an important role so that competition in the business world is increasingly rapid. In running a business, the management system must be considered carefully in terms of accounting, finance, and decision making aspects. One of them is by making decisions about buying or producing their own raw materials needed to make a product. This study aims to analyze the differential costs in making or buying decisions on their own at RM. Minang Putra. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research that is a method that analyzes the problem by describing it on existing data, in the form of production cost calculation tables to determine the comparison of chicken meat production costs that can provide a clear description or description of the differential cost analysis in buying decision making or produce their own chicken meat at RM. Minang Putra. The results of the study show that the analysis of the differential cost and opportunity cost is very beneficial for RM. Minang Putra in decision making. And a better decision was taken by the RM. Minang Putra is self-producing because the costs incurred are more efficient when compared to buying chickens from outside.


The U. S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Operations Office (NNSA/NV) Environmental Management (EM) Underground Test Area (UGTA) project addresses the characterization and needs for long-term monitoring of the subsurface contamination resulting from 828 underground nuclear weapon tests at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). EM promotes, and is required, to include stakeholders in its program. However, UGTA is a very complex program not easily understood by members of the public. The NTS Community Advisory Board (CAB), a federally chartered Site Specific Advisory Board (SSAB), has studied the UGTA project since 1996, and has found it a challenge to completely comprehend and provide NNSA/NV meaningful citizen input. The CAB realized the benefit of a technical peer review and in 2000 recommended to NNSA/NV that a peer review of the UGTA strategy would provide valuable feedback to the program to address underground contamination at the NTS. N NSA agreed to the CAB's recommendation, and moved forward with a scope of work to have the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) perform the peer review of the UGTA strategy. The ASME began the peer review in June 2001, and their final report was published in November 2001. In January 2002, the CAB devoted their monthly meeting in Las Vegas, Nevada to reporting the results of the peer review of the UGTA strategy to the public. Two public workshops were later held in the community of Amargosa, Nevada during the month of January to help educate and build interest in the CAB February 2002 monthly meeting which was also held in Amargosa. The CAB recommendation to NNSA to utilize a technical peer review has provided valuable information to NNSA, the State of Nevada, and the CAB. At other DOE sites SSABs are challenged by a number of complex, technical programs requiring considerable time and resources for the board to comprehend. It is worth considering the utilization of an independent, technical peer review to help provide credible and invaluable feedback for both DOE sites and stakeholders.


Since the Holocene,the barrier coast depositional system,and the special barrier-coast delta formed in this environment extensively development in south China coastal. Based on the modern geological investigation in the Chaoshan region,and summarizing the former researches,we found that evolution of Hanjiang delta in this region mainly affected by sea level change,the development of barrier-lagoon system,the ability of river transportation,and clarified evolution characteristics of delta and regularity of sand-body distribution in different periods. Then,combined with the developmental characteristics of Luohe delta and Wanning Xiaohai,the evolution of barrier-coast delta can be divided into three stages: formation period,the barrier-lagoon system formed,delta began to develop in the lagoon; development period,with the high stability of the lagoon water,the delta rapidly prograde,at the same time,the barrier bars migration to the sea; reforming period,lagoon disappeared gradually,sediments began to deposit on the outside of barrier bars,delta seaward progradation; Finally,the barrier-coast delta depositional model has been established in the Chaoshan region,and the former period controlled by fluvial in the lagoon,the later period influenced by variety of dynamic interaction out of the barrier.


"Geriatric Research" is a term heard more and more frequently as the enormous importance of geriatric problems becomes more and more vivid. These problems abound in economic, social, legislative, housing, medical and other areas. Research can be found in all of them, and the adjective "geriatric" can be applied to it in any field concerned with the welfare and well-being of the elderly. In most areas, the definition is clear-cut and beyond reasonable question but this is not the case when the term "geriatric" is applied to investigations conducted within the realm of medicine. Despite this fact, there is remarkable uniformity of thought on the subject. It is the dearth of attempts at definition which accounts in part for the fluid phase of the definition; and the apparent reason for the dearth is that any definition must be so comprehensive that it seems not worth the effort to most investigators. There is another reason, too, for the continued looseness of the term in medicine. This is the weight carried by the few dissenters-those who hold that growth and maturation are logically a part of aging. Chronologically speaking, they are right and may be right in other ways as well. However, if any investigation in which time is a factor were to be called "geriatric research" the term would be worse than useless, as there is nothing which it would not encompass. It seems worthwhile, therefore, to place some arbitrary limit on the definition of the term. This paper is an attempt to do so, and it also contains a suggestion for one important direction that such research might take, following a pediatric lead. The definition referred to is one which is beginning to prove itself useful in the Veterans Administration. Here Geriatric Research is considered to be the investigation of any aspect of any physiologic or psychologic deterioration which is common in old age and, as a rule, thought to be due to old age. The bases for these deteriorations are sometimes detectable while they exist as symptomless, simple, although retrograde, changes. The age at which they can be found is not considered; it is only their retrogressive nature that is important. Growth and maturation are normal functions and are not retrogressive, as is made clear by the study of cells. Growth of a person, an organ, or a tissue is the result of expansion and subsequent division of the cells. There, expansion and contraction alternate rhythmically. The former is the equivalent of growth; the latter, of maturation. Growth and consolidation of that growth do not take place simultaneously; rather, one phase alternates with the other and the two together constitute normal life for the cell. Each cell has a fixed life-time. Each is born and dies like a member of a community, with the community itself persisting. Cells in the blood today are not the ones of last year and not even entirely those of yesterday; yet the blood goes on, unchanged in general quality. In tissues and organs, cells must change too, but here the cells are not as independent as those in the blood. In the tissues they work together on a specific project and the project itself (e.g., a cartilaginous epiphysis or the thymus) has greater phases of growth and maturation than those of any single cell. The project, though, may have a termination date


Vortex-Induced Vibrations (VIV) experiments were carried out with yawed cylinders. The purpose is investigating the validity of the Independence Principle on properly describing the flow characteristics and the dynamics of structures subjected to oblique flow. Five yaw angles in relation to the direction perpendicular to the free stream velocity were tested, namely θ = 0,10,20,30 and 45 degrees. Both the upstream and downstream orientations were tested. The models were mounted on a leaf spring apparatus that allows experiments with one or two degrees-of-freedom. The Reynolds number based on the component normal to the cylinder axis falls in the range 3× 103 < Ren < 1.5× 104. Time histories of displacement and hydrodynamic forces were acquired. The results of amplitude and forces coefficients agree very well for yaw angles up to 30◦ for both one and two degreesof-freedom experiments. Differences in the results for upstream and downstream were observed and were more evident for the higher yaw angle.


We investigate procurement in a setting in which the buyer is bound by sourcing rules. Sourcing rules may limit the minimum and maximum amounts of business that can be awarded to a single supplier or dictate the minimum number of suppliers who are awarded business, thus necessitating split awards. The buyer announces the splits before the auction, and suppliers bid accordingly. We consider two auction formats: the sealed-bid first-price auction, and a version of the open-bid descending-price auction. We characterize the suppliers' symmetric equilibrium bidding strategy for both formats and find that the two formats yield the same expected buyer's cost. We characterize the cost of multisourcing, showing among other things that it is always costly for the buyer to split its award among more suppliers if the suppliers' costs are regularly distributed, but that doing so can actually reduce the buyer's expected auction payment if the suppliers' costs are not regularly distributed. The results from controlled l...


Electronic structures in amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) thin films were evaluated using metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) diodes fabricated with various process conditions. Thin film transistors (TFTs) with the corresponding process conditions were also fabricated to correlate the electronic properties with the TFT performances. It was clearly shown that trap densities of the a-IGZO films increased with the oxygen partial pressure during the sputtering of a-IGZO. The biasing voltage dependence of the transient capacitance from the MOS diodes revealed that the trap states were dominantly located near the backchannel region of the films. The subthreshold-swings of the TFTs, rather than the TFT mobilities, showed significant correlation with the estimated trap densities, consistently suggesting formation of trap states near the backchannel region of a-IGZO TFTs.


The article presents the results of investigation of through porosity of oxide ceramic coatings obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on the aluminum parts surfaces, restored by soldering. The optimal modes and electrolyte composition for plasma electrolytic treatment of the restored surfaces are recommended to obtain oxide ceramic coatings with minimum through porosity and high coating and corrosive resistance.


In this paper, we present a no-reference image sharpness metric using the directional derivatives. The main idea is from the meaning of sharp which involves a sudden or abrupt change in direction or course. In other words, people have a feeling of sharpness when they receive sudden changes in some direction during their observations of an image. The metric is composed of three steps. First, the directional derivatives of the input image are computed by directional derivative filters. Then the maximum and minimum of these directional derivatives are selected to construct the absolute changes and relative changes which are proportional to the sudden changes received by an observer. Finally, the sharpness metric is determined by a weighted average of these changes. Our experiment on three simulated blur images demonstrates the proposed sharpness metric is competitive the relevant sharpness metrics for evaluating both real and synthetic blurring.


The extraction technology of sweet potato glycoprotein was studied. DEAE -Cellulose 52 and Sephecryl S300 then purified it, and 4 grades of sweet potato glycoprotein were obtained. The basic character of SPG-4 was determined by electrophoresis, and the result shows that SPG-4 was purified.


This article seeks to examine the role of religious institutions in peace building, prior to and after the 2007 post-elections violence in Kenya. The author builds an argument that supports the view that religious institutions have a role to play in peace building. Using Klopp's (2002) conception about liberal versus illiberal nationalism, the author explains how religious institutions in Kenya can be a voice for the voiceless communities, especially during and after conflicts largelytriggered by the political leaders in the country. The arguments presented bring to the forefront the role that religious institutions play in post-conflict situations to reconcile diverse ethnic communities, and offer some lessons learned about post-conflict peace communication.


Due to a rapid development to a digital society and following changes in design environment, what designers have to learn is getting broader in many expert areas. To survive within this environment, designers need to educated in ways of prediction about future and create originality. This investigation deals with a matter of concern of basic design process curriculum in university nowadays, which is about just following simple computer graphic program policy education. Even though using digital medium in curriculum is adding an extra weight, teachers and students practical use of rapid protyping is in deficiency. To give a solution to this concerns, this investigation is focus on university's basic design modeling curriculum to suggest new design education along with using traditional modeling education which adds to reconversion of practical use of digital medium.


Cri-du-chat is a contiguous gene syndrome associated with deletions in the short arm of chromosome 5 (chr 5). Chr 5p-specific markers have been used to define two critical regions: a larynx malformation region, located at 5p15.3, and a region responsible for the remaining clinical features of the syndrome, which maps to 5p15.2. Thirty cosmids that map to this latter region have been isolated from the LANL chr 5-specific library using 5 STSs. More recently, we have constructed a YAC contig of the region which encompasses 2-3 Mb. The 30 framework cosmids were used in a direct selection with cDNAs from placenta, activated T-cells and cerebellum to isolate an initial set of expressed sequences from this region. Since no genes, to date, have been isolated or localized within the cri-du-chat deletion, a cosmid containing a control reporter gene (ANX6) was used to monitor enrichment. ANX6 cDNAs were enriched by several thousand-fold in the selected cDNAs. A total of nine non overlapping cDNA fragments were obtained from the cDNA pools. These have been ordered within the YAC contig, map to 5 discrete cosmid sets in the critical region and thus conservatively represent five discrete transcription units. The DNA sequences of these fragmentsmore » are novel by sequence database comparisons. PCR primers were constructed and were used to confirm gene placements in the YAC contig, as well as to investigate the expression profile of these genes in several different tissues and cell types. In one case, these primer sets enabled two of the nine fragments to be linked into a larger cDNA. The nine cDNAs showed various patterns of differential expression in a panel of tissues. These expressed sequences represent the first genes isolated within the cri-du-chat critical region and represent the initial steps in the derivation of a comprehensive inventory and expression profile of the estimated 100 genes that may reside in this region.« less


Non-pair cross rolling force reduces with increment of cross angle. It is analyzed by the way of theory and experiment


GH is considered to participate in the process of bone remodeling, but its exact mechanism remains unclear. The present study was performed to examine the in vitro actions of GH on osteoblastic bone formation as well as osteoclastic bone resorption. GH possessed specific binding sites in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, in which bovine GH stimulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and also increased the expression of type I procollagen mRNA as well as percent collagen synthesis. GH increased the expression of IGF-I mRNA and the release of IGF-I into the medium from these cells. GH increased the mRNA expression of IGF-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5), which could potentiate IGFI action. Moreover, the addition of exogenous recombinant IGFBP-5 alone significantly increased DNA synthesis as well as ALP activity. These findings indicate that GH directly acts on osteoblasts, resulting in the stimulation of bone formation, and suggest that IGF-I and IGFBP-5 are partly involved in GH-stimulated bone formation. On the other hand, GH significantly stimulated bone resorption by preexistent osteoclasts in mouse bone cell cultures, but it did not affect the bone-resorbing activity of isolated rabbit osteoclasts. When GH was added to mouse bone cells, it stimulated osteoclast-like cell formation. These stimulatory effects of GH on the activity of mature osteoclast and osteoclast differentiation were significantly blocked in the presence of neutralizing anti-IGF-I antibody. On the other hand, the PCR products corresponding in size to the mouse GH receptor were detected in mouse hemopoietic blast cells as well as liver. GH stimulated osteoclast-like cell formation from these hemopoietic blast cells in the absence of stromal cells. These findings indicated that GH stimulated osteoclastic bone resorption through its direct action on osteoclast precursor cells and through its indirect activation of mature osteoclasts, possibly via stromal cells. In conclusion, GH stimulates osteoblastic bone formation as well as osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro and IGF action would be partly involved in the stimulation by GH of bone remodeling.


Porous ceramics ZrO2−MgO with a 50 vol. % pore volume and bimodal pore size distribution were studied. The samples were produced by cold uniaxial pressing followed by sintering at temperature of 16...


Objective To assess the adequate dosage range and the side-effects of aripiprazole in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia.Methods 128 patients with schizophrenia who met with the CCMD-3 were randomly allocated to receive 10mg,15mg,20mg or 25mg aripiprazole for 4 weeks.Efficacy and safety were assessed by PANSS,CGI-SI and TESS respectively.Results The total score of PANSS,positive factor,CGI-SI in 20mg and 25mg groups significant changed after 1 week treatment compared with baseline(P0.05,P0.01).At the end of week 2 after treatment,significant differences in scores of total PANSS,positive factor,negative factor,general factor and CGI-SI in 10mg and 15mg groups compared with baseline(P0.05,P0.01).The total scores of PANSS,positive factor,negative factor,general factor and CGI-SI in 15mg,20mg and 25mg groups were no significant differences each other(P0.05),but better than that in 10mg group(P0.05).The effective rate was 67.74%,82.35%,81.81% and 83.33% for 10mg,15mg,20mg and 25mg groups respectively.The scores of TESS in 20mg,25mg groups were significantly higher than 10mg,15mg groups(P0.05).The most common side-effects of aripiprazole were insomnia,hypodynamia,anxiety,akathisia,myotonia,dizziness,constipation,headache,tremor,anepithymia and tachycardia.Conclusion Aripiprazole is effective in treatment of both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia,a best dosage of 15mg per day can provide better clinical effects and less side-effects.


In this paper a new adaptive controller using compensatory neuro-fuzzy is presented to guarantee the position and force tracking performance between the master and the slave manipulators. The controller proposed, combines on one hand neural networks (NNs) with fuzzy logic for dynamical compensation of both structured and unstructured uncertainties, and on the other hand optimizes dynamically the adaptive fuzzy reasoning for acceleration the asymptotically convergence to zero the trajectory tracking error between the master and the slave robots. The validity of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated with a 1-DOF master/slave system. Finally the experimental results are performed to show that the proposed control method works well with robustness, so as to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.


Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation and/or destruction of supporting tissue of the teeth. Bacterial plaque is the primary etiological agent in periodontal diseases. In addition to mechanical plaque removal measures, chemical plaque control measures have also been advocated that can be used as an adjunct to mechanical measures, which together can reduce plaque associated gingivitis. A clinical trial was conducted to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of two commercially available gum gels containing Triphala and Cinnamomum in the reduction of plaque and gingival inflammation in subjects with gingivitis. Total 60 subjects were selected from those diagnosed as having chronic gingivitis between 25 to 40 years were included in the study, out of which 20 (group I) were control group who received scaling only, 20 subjects (group II) received scaling and herbashine herbal gum paint® application (uniroyal biotech) and 20 subjects (group III) received scaling and Hi-ora GA® gum gel application (himalaya herbal health care) and The gingival index described by Loe H. and Silness P. and plaque index described by (Tureskey et al. Modification of Quigley Hein Index) were measured and recorded at baseline, 2 weeks, 4weeks and 6weeks interval. All the values at each time were recorded on appropriate forms during assessment. It was concluded from the present study that both the gel have been found to be effective in improving gingival status and resulted in significant improvement in clinical parameters, HiOra-GA® gum gel was found to be more effective than Herbashine Herbal Gum Paint ®


The day the virus that came to be known as 'COVID-19' was identified in Wuhan, China, will be remembered as the beginning of the time in which everything stopped moving physically. The event's mundane announcement stands in stark contrast to the chaos its uncontrolled global spread would cause. This sounds like a straightforward story of causality and intention or direction of movement, but it is not. COVID-19's potency manifested in the realm of becoming: as an endlessly reported event, it did not change the Euclidean principles of spatial arrangement per se but challenged the world's axiomatic taken-for-granted-ness as a materiality within which we, as its sentient subjects perceive what is real and act on this perception. By becoming the new self-governing principle of various forms of movement, including travel, trade, leisure, labour, technology and more, COVID-19 transformed into an ontological magnet. The virus's by-proxy becomingness, its ability to change how movement happens or not at all, assumed various forms: because of lockdown policies, it ground automobilities to a halt; because of its accelerating infectiousness, it moved work to home; because of social distancing, it increased the use of the internet, filtering most socialisation through new media. The list of changes can grow, but for students of socially and politically directed movement, or mobility, the key point is that, what used to be accepted as a norm in the study of material transformations changed (Adey, 2017, pp.6–7), also prompting alterations pertaining to the experience of late liquid modernity (Bauman, 2000). I take an extra step to argue that the core of the transformation is connected to the ways we are taught by experts to approach social changes in a scientifically sound manner, which unfortunately, is not interest free (Fuller, 1993, 2000). I will reflect in more detail on whether the changes will be permanent later in this study. Central to my thesis is to examine what Urry (2000, pp.2–4) proclaimed in his mobilities manifesto at the turn of the twenty-first century as a shift from reconstructing the social as 'society' to the social as 'mobility'. My questions are thus: what counts as a perception of the social as mobility in a recurring pandemic? Who defines


Biologically active food supplements (BAFS), nutriceuticals and parapharmaceuticals, borrow an intermediate position between drugs and food products. BAFS can be utilized successfully for a saturation of an organism with dietary biologically active agents, deficiency of which are observed frequently in the modern man. For today, BAFS could be considered as substantial agents for chemoprevention of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and other diseases of a civilization. The examples of BAFS, at which the ability to inhibit the development of malignant tumors and atherosclerosis was revealed in special studies, are presented.


The theoretical work of Cohen and Liu [1] predicting the hypothetical β-C3N4 phase harder than diamond has motivated an intense research in carbon nitride (CNx) materials during the last years. However, most of the attempts to synthesize this phase have resulted in amorphous graphitic structures and a limitation in the maximum nitrogen content incorporated to the films below 50 at.% [2]. Among these graphitic structures, an important finding is the evolution of fullerene-like (FL) features under certain growth conditions, consisting of bent and cross-linked nitrogencontaining graphite basal planes of nanoscale dimensions [3]. This atomic arrangement improves significantly the mechanical performance of the material, being compliant and tough at the same time, and making it a promising candidate for tribological applications [4]. The orientation, corrugation, folding, and cross-linking of the basal planes determines the actual physical properties of the graphitic solid, which exhibit a 3D superstructure that exploits the in-plane strength of sp hybrids. These arrangements are not restricted to CNx solids and have been found in other laminar materials [5]. As compared with pure C materials, the introduction of N reduces the energy barrier to induce curvature in the basal planes [6, 7].


This paper reviews the application of nebulized hypertonic saline and adrenaline in the treatment of children with bronchiolitis.The efficacy of hypertonic saline and epinephrine in the treatment of bronchiolitis has been analyzed in different experiments.Confirming hypertonic saline and epinephrine respectively in the treatment of bronchiolitis has a significant effect.Prompted each inhalation and combined use of both play an important role in the treatment of bronchiolitis.

Key words:
Bronchiolitis;  Hypertonic saline;  Epinephrine;  Inhalation


Objective To understand more about pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis(PLO).Methods Clinical information of 2 patients with PLO was analyzed.We also reviewed the related references in the literature.Results Both patients showed symptoms of back pain in late pregnancy period.The pain increased after labouring and caused limited mobility.Multiple fractures of thoracic and spinal vertebra and vertebral and pelvic bone loss occurred.Lactation was terminated after diagnosis and both patients received treatment of calcium,activated vitamin D,and biphosphonates.The back pain disappeared during a 6-9 month follow-up.No new fractures occurred and bone mineral density increased.Conclusion PLO should be considered when back pain presented in patients during late pregnancy or after laboring.Supplements of calcium and activated vitamin D and anti-resorption treatment could be effective.


The aim of the present study was to develop a method of measuring indirect attitudes with the use of causal attributions of behavior described in scenarios. For this purpose, three experiments were conducted. In all three experiments scenarios were manipulated in such a way that four different types of scenarios were created (Swedish male, Swedish woman, foreign man and foreign woman). The participants made estimations of explanatory likelihood for causal explanations that were reported on 100 mm Visual Analog Scales (VAS). In all three experiments, the manipulations resulted in significant effects indicating negative indirect attitudes to foreigners compared to Swedes.


The authors relate the questions raised by Freson's grooved limestones and by Hamelryck's paintings and paperworks. Biographical notes interspersed with critical comments. 18 bibl. ref.


Semantic field is a fairly important concept in semantics and semantic filed theory is one of the significant theories in modern linguistics.The concept of semantic field shows the systematic nature of language and reflects the paradigmatic relationship between lexemes.In terms of the lexical study,semantic field can be classified into classified fields,sequential fields,relational fields,synonymic fields, antonymic fields,two-pole fields,etc.


This paper discusses the specific content of bra's green design from aspects such as material, function, color and packing design, and introduces several examples of bra's green design, which gives reference for more human design of underwear products.


Objectives: A Place-Based Framework utilizing geographic information system (GIS) data in conjunction with public health data will be used to track the associated and contributing factors of end stage complications of particular diseases in order to develop more targeted interventions. Methods: Using statewide claims data to determine the prevalence of Lower Extremity Amputations (LEAs) in Illinois, geographic concentrations were identified and public CHNA data was utilized to work backwards, uncovering insights into its progression. Results: Union County, IL has a notable amount of LEAs; upon further investigation, a high prevalence of co-morbidities and unfavorable County characteristics, such as a high number of liquor stores and a zero recreational facilities, were also present in this area. Conclusions: The framework allowed for the understanding of the context and progression from diabetes to LEAs; targeted interventions can now be developed to mitigate this progression. Policy Implications: This framework is an approach to using GIS data that goes beyond its traditional use. The knowledge gained through targeting extreme conditions, can be utilized by health professionals to develop additional disease-targeting interventions.


---This research is motivated by the phenomenon of high unemployment, low entrepreneurial spirit and the rise of entrepreneurial programs in Islamic boarding schools. This research is related to the implementation of entrepreneurial management in Islamic boarding schools in Sunan Drajat Lamongan Islamic boarding schools in East Java which in real terms have good entrepreneurial names and activities. This study aims to find out; (1) entrepreneurial management model in Sunan Drajat Lamongan Islamic boarding school, (2) weaknesses that occur in entrepreneurship management in Sunan Drajat Lamongan Islamic boarding school; (3) How the management of relevant entrepreneurship development is developed at the Sunan Drajat Lamongan boarding school, (4) How the effectiveness of the management of entrepreneurship development developed at the Sunan Drajat Lamongan boarding school. The research uses the Research and Development (R & D) method which is carried out at the Sunan Drajat Lamongan Islamic boarding school Jawa Timur. The results of this study concluded that: (1) Sunan Drajat Lamongan Islamic boarding school has had an entrepreneurial management model both in terms of operational management and strategic management, (2) Sunan Drajat Lamongan Islamic boarding school only has constraints on the product marketing system, (3) Marketing-based the start-up application turned out to be more effective and relevant to be developed in entrepreneurial management in the Sunan Drajat Lamongan Islamic boarding school. For future research so that research can be done by analyzing the entrepreneurial indicator variables with a quantitative approach in order to know the effect on each research variable.


180 Background: Patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are at risk of reactivation after chemotherapy. It is unclear whether all patients or only those with certain risk factors should be screened for HBV before chemotherapy. The purpose of our study was to determine the clinical predictors of HBV screening in a single institution.

METHODS
In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, we evaluated new patients who received chemotherapy between 1/1/04 and 9/30/07. We collected data on patients' demographics, types of cancer and chemotherapy, and HBV risk factors such as a previous ICD-9 code for hepatitis C or other liver conditions. We searched for HBV screening as defined by an HBsAg or anti-HBc test ordered prior to chemotherapy. In univariate analyses, we examined the association between each of the patient-related variables and HBV screening. We then determined predictors of HBV screening in a multivariable logistic regression model.

RESULTS
We found 10,729 patients who had chemotherapy during the study period. Overall, 16.7% had HBV screening. All of the following predictors in the univariate analysis were significant for HBV screening at the p<0.01 level: age, gender, ethnicity, U.S. residence, cancer type, chemotherapy type, and having a HBV risk factor. In multivariable logistic regression examining predictors for screening using HBsAg, we found that Asian ethnicity (OR 1.75; 1.16-2.66), hematologic malignancies (OR 22.65; 19.3-26.31), and the receipt of rituxamab (OR 3.71; 3.03-4.48) were significant predictors at the p<0.01 level. Women were less likely to be screened than men (OR 0.68; 0.59-0.78). We repeated the analyses using the anti-HBc screening test, and the results were similar. Overall, 1.5% of the screened patients had a positive HBV test.

CONCLUSIONS
We found that ethnicity, cancer types, and chemotherapy drugs predict physician-driven HBV screening. Future research is needed to study the predictors of a positive HBV screening test and reactivation of HBV after chemotherapy. [Table: see text].


In this paper, a general design procedure for the flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine with different topologies is proposed. Firstly, a 3-phase 12-stator-tooth/10-rotor-pole topology is introduced and its operation principle is described. Then, the basic design method, including determination of the stator, rotor and magnet dimensions, is proposed under the constraints of some dimensions and electrical parameters. The winding turns are obtained by iteratively solving the base-speed and current equations simultaneously. The influence of current density and slot packing factor on the flux-weakening capability is investigated in the design stage to satisfy the torque and wide-speed operation requirement. Further, the output power equation, consequently, the sizing equation is derived for determining the initial dimensions of a FSPM machine, in which the traditional D2 sil a is replaced by D2 sola. Hence, the power density of different topologies can be compared directly by the equation. It reveals that the 3-phase 12/10-pole topology can offer higher power and power density than those of the 2-phase 8/6-pole machine by ~11% in theory under the same conditions. The experiments on the prototype motor verify the performance predictions


Which medication should be used as first-line therapy for Parkinson disease (PD) has been an open and important question. To address this question,


Several lines of evidence indicate that estrogens are important regulators of lipid metabolism. We studied the effect of 17-β-estradiol treatment in ovariectomized rats on lipid composition of liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Ovariectomized rats were separated randomly into two groups: control (V) and treated with physiological doses of 17-β-estradiol (E). Rats from E group received doses of 17-β-estradiol mimicking its plasma levels in pregnant rats. Lipid classes and fatty acid composition of liver, muscle and adipose tissue were assessed at three stages (days 6, 11 and 16) of the treatment period. The results showed that estradiol greatly affected the levels of the various lipid fractions. The liver triglyceride content, an index of long term hepatic lipid production, was reduced in the E group compared to the ovariectomized group (V). Also, estradiol increased the level of cholesterol in muscle, although its levels in liver and adipose tissue did not undergo significant variations. In addition, estradiol had important effects on fatty acid distribution of assessed tissues. E group exhibited increased the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in phospholipids of liver respect to V group, but the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in muscle were relatively insensitive to estrogenic influences. Conversely, estradiol treatment produced no significant changes in the concentration of individual fatty acids incorporated into liver and adipose tissue triglycerides. These findings suggest that estradiol has important effects on lipid classes and fatty acid composition, affecting the body lipid profile. Specifically, estradiol modifies, in a time-dependent manner, liver DHA content, possibly by alteration of the expression of desaturase enzymes involved in the de novo synthesis of this fatty acid.


This paper describes the authors' experience in the development and implementation of five academic instances linked to the research of design protocols based on parametric modeling and manufacturing techniques. The theme developed focus on the responsive skins, understood as a new kind of infrastructure capable of adapting to different geometric and topological configurations influenced by the information supplied from the environment at a specific time.


An expert system for the elucidation of the structures of organic compounds--ESESOC-IIhas been designed. It is composed of three parts: spectroscopic data analysis, structure generator, and evaluation of the candidate structures. The heart of ESESOC is the structure generator, as an integral part, which accepts the specific types of information, e.g. molecular formulae, substructure constraints, and produces an exhaustive and irredundant list of candidate structures. The scheme for the structural generation is given, in which the depth-first search strategy is used to fill the bonding adjacency matrix (BAM) and a new method is introduced to remove the duplicates.


Estimates indicate that there are more than 1 million U.S. adults with congenital heart disease. More than half of them have what is considered moderate or complex congenital heart disease in which, despite treatment, residual problems can exist that require follow-up and ongoing care.

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th century. Many new theories were presented while older ones were being disproven. An excellent case study for this is the research that was being done on the causes of homosexuality. Much of what defined psychological theories and beliefs on the causes of homosexuality was the contemporary attitudes towards these topics. Many scientists devoted their lives to researching the human psyche and Germany in particular was the nexus of psychological research during this time. Unfortunately many of these advancements came to a halt when the Nazis came to power in 1933 much of this changed. As Jews were driven from their posts and replaced with scientists more empathetic to Nazi ideology, psychology, like many other branches of science, came under direct control of the state and became thoroughly integrated into the German military. Many psychiatrists became the first perpetrators to use eugenics to weed out mental and psychical defects in their patients and the race as a whole as a means of bettering the German race. These practices eventually expanded to include entire races and societal groups to become what is now known as the Holocaust. After Germany lost the war some of these psychologists were prosecuted for their crimes but most were integrated into allied scientific communities and psychology as a whole had transformed into a much more professional and viable field. Finally, this essay will examine the career of Johannes Heinrich Schultz, a psychologist famous for creating the technique of Autogenic Training and how his work before, during, and after the war relates to the shift in the psychological profession as a whole.


Animproved datahiding inhalftone images withcooperating Pair Toggling HumanVisual System (PTHVS) ispresented inthis paper. Anobjective halftone imagequality evaluation method based onthe humanvisual system obtained byLeast-Mean-Square (LMS)isalso introduced. Byrigorously searching theoptimum toggled pixels with theproposed humanvisual LMS-trained filter, theproposed method isproven tobesuperior totheDataHiding SmartPairToggling (DHSPT), proposed byFuandAu,inimage quality under anumber oftested halftone images. Thetested halftone images include ordered dithering, Floyd error diffusion, Jarvis error diffusion, andStucki error diffusion images. Moreover, theproposed method offers high embedded capacity, anditisflexible todeal withdifferent capacity applications.


We present sensitive Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) and high-resolution Arecibo HI 21-cm observations of the damped Lyman-$\alpha$ absorber (DLA) at $z=0.2212$ towards OI 363. The spectra are in excellent agreement and yield a spin temperature $T_s = 890 \pm 160$ K, far higher than $T_s$ values measured in local spirals, but similar to values obtained in the majority of DLAs ($T_s \ga 1000$ K).
The high velocity resolution of the Arecibo spectra enables us to obtain estimates of physical conditions in the absorbing clouds by fitting multiple Gaussians to the absorption profile. The spectra are well fit by a three-component model with two narrow and one wide components, with temperatures ${T_{k_1}} = 308 \pm 24$ K, ${T_{k_2}} = 180 \pm 30$ K and ${T_{k_3}} = 7600 \pm 1250$ K, respectively. The last of these is in excellent agreement with the expected temperatures for the WNM ($5000 - 8000$ K). The mere fact that components are seen with lower temperatures than the estimated $T_s$ implies that the absorber must have a multi-phase medium.
We use the measured 21-cm optical depth and the above estimates of the kinetic temperature to obtain the HI column density in the various components. The total column density in the narrow components is found to be $\NHI (CNM) \le 1.9 \pm 0.25 \times 10^{20}$ cm, while that in the wide component is $\NHI (WNM) \ge 1.26 \pm 0.49 \times 10^{21}$ cm. Thus, the WNM contains at least 75% of the total HI in the $z = 0.2212$ DLA, unlike our Galaxy, in which the CNM and WNM have equitable contributions; this accounts for the difference in the spin temperatures of the $z = 0.2212$ system and local spirals, suggesting that the DLA is probably a dwarf or LSB type galaxy (abridged).


Genetic shifts in plant morphology and reproductive characters under grazing may potentially affect nutritive value and preference. This research was conducted to determine the response of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) populations to long-term grazing. Genotypes from five populations of smooth bromegrass that survived 9 years of grazing were compared with genotypes of each population grown from original seed. Plant height was measured and biomass estimated for each genotype, before and after grazing by sheep, in order to assess preference. Genotypes were also tested for nutritive value. The selective effect of competition during establishment and maintenance under grazing was accompanied by genetic shifts in smooth bromegrass plants in these pastures. Survivors had greater plant biomass despite having a decrease in plant height of up to 5%. Preference for survivors, quantified as percentage consumption by sheep, was up to 3% units less than for original populations. The nutritive value of survivors was similar to that of original populations, except for one population, which had a lower neutral-detergent fibre among the survivors after grazing.


Face detection algorithm based on a cascade of ensembles of decision trees (CEDT) is presented. The new approach allows detecting faces other than the front position through the use of multiple classifiers. Each classifier is trained for a specific range of angles of the rotation head. The results showed a high rate of productivity for CEDT on images with standard size. The algorithm increases the area under the ROC-curve of 13% compared to a standard Viola-Jones face detection algorithm. To test the applicability of the algorithm in the real world have been conducted research on a robustness. Robustness research shown that the algorithm based on the CEDT show that Gaussian noise, impulsive "salt-and-pepper" noise exert a strong influence on the algorithm (in the worst case decrease in the area under the ROC-curve of 21.2% with a decrease in PSNR metric to 17.99 dB). At the same time blurring, JPEG-compression and JPEG2000 algorithms distortion have little effect on the proposed face detection algorithm (reduction of the area under the ROC-curve by 3.5% while reducing PSNR metric to 21.58 dB).


Background: Virtual medicine has been rapidly evolving over the past several decades. However, obstacles such as data security, inadequate funding and limited technological resources have hindered its seamless incorporation into the health care system.  The recent pandemic has induced a widespread adoption of virtual care practices to remove the need for physical meetings between patients and health care practitioners.
Purpose: This literature review aims to examine the current state of virtual medicine amid the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate the benefits, limitations and implications of continuing technological advancements in the future.
Findings: Most of the available literature suggests that the recent adoption of virtual medicine has allowed practitioners to cut down on costs and secondary expenses while maintaining the quality of medical care services. Due to the growing consumer demand, researchers predict that virtual medicine may be a viable modality for patient care post-pandemic. However, concerns surrounding patient security and digital infrastructure threaten the ability of virtual medicine to provide quality and effective health care. Additionally, rural virtual medicine programs face challenges in expanding services due to the scarcity of information and communication technology specialists and inadequate funding. Comprehensive legislation and governance standards must be implemented to ensure proper data security and privacy. Additional funds may also be required to train staff, reform current digital software and improve the quality of service. The proliferation of advanced technologies and improvements in current platforms will enable more providers to render virtual medical care services.


Author(s): Jutabha, Mark | Advisor(s): Christie, Christina A; Durkin, Diane | Abstract: ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATIONSchool Board Conflict, Decision-Making Processes, and Professional Development:The Effect on Superintendent TurnoverbyMark JutabhaDoctor of EducationUniversity of California, Los Angeles, 2017Professor Christina A. Christie, Co‐ChairProfessor Diane Durkin, Co‐ChairWithin California, superintendents continue to experience a high rate of turnover, affecting over six million students in nearly 1,000 school districts. The literature cites conflict as a key indicator affecting superintendent tenure. Knowledge of roles and responsibilities and political interests are often highlighted as contributing to this conflict. School boards—typically comprising three, five, or seven individuals who are charged with managing the superintendent as well as determining local policies to ensure state and federal laws are followed—also play a role. Their ability to skillfully resolve conflict is essential. While much of the existing research on this topic centers on identifying causal factors of turnover, this study sought to identify significant indicators that separate high and low turnover districts. I posited that turnover is associated with the level of training board members and superintendents receive. Moreover, findings from the literature show higher functioning districts have established protocols for decision making. Therefore, I wanted to compare decision-making processes between high and low turnover districts. I partnered with the California School Board Association to conduct a survey of superintendents and school board members on these key issues. The study found relationships between board members and superintendents and specific areas of governance to be key indicators of conflict. Further, these indicators were found to be primary reasons for board members or superintendents not returning to their roles the following year. Effective conflict resolution was also found to be associated with turnover. I found no association between high and low turnover districts and the use of decision-making protocols. However, I found a difference between high and low turnover districts in how board members and superintendents were trained in knowledge of roles and responsibilities and constituent and community interests. Furthermore, respondents had high interest in ongoing professional development with feedback. Service providers such as consultants or county offices of education can use these findings to inform professional development delivery methods designed to address the turnover indicators. This is an important consideration given the challenges in scheduling training for board members who typically have other, competing professional responsibilities. A school board with a clearer understanding of roles and expectations and the ability to skillfully resolve conflict can not only improve superintendent turnover rates but also positively impact the education of California's student and teacher population.


The purpose of this study was to calculate future energy consumption in case new improvement glass facade design is adopted. At fast, glass facade buildings in Tokyo were investigated through the use of the architectural magazines. Questionnaire was consisted of glass facade detail survey. Total energy consumption figure calculated from PAL simulated by a heat and air transfer system simulation program for building and from total glass area. If increasing rate of glass area was small and"PAL=200"and"Efficient heat source system"were innovated, energy consumption from glass facade buildings was below the 2008 value. It was understood that beefing up the current standards drastically and innovating the method of thermal high-performance design of building facade were needed.


I intend to establish, by means of this article, new perspectives for the text, under the optics of the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA); of the Literacy and Multimodality. In accordance with Fairclough (1992, 2001, 2003), Chouliaraki and Fairclough (1999), the effective agreement of the social effects of the text is possible only if we analyze them at the speaking or writing's moment.  Kress and van Leeuwen (1996) affirm that the writing does not occupy the central place in the comunicacional panorama any more, so, the way the teachers guide their pupils on the discoursive practices in relation to the multimodal texts can contributes for the critical construction of the speech of the pupil. Considering the Literacy, such which was defended by Street (1984, 1993, 1995); Barton and Hamilton (1998, 2000) and Hasan (1996), I consider a revision of these practical.


The article analyses the formation of mental links between the population of East Prussia and the naturaland cultural landscape of the said German province after World War I. By interpreting landscape as animaginary space whose symbols may impact identity, the author analyzes several ways of nationalizationof the East Prussian landscape. They include: studies of the homeland newly defined by the VersaillesPeace Treaty at school and in daily life; popularization of tours for youth of the pre-promoted places ofthe province; organized care of wartime military cemeteries moderately integrated into the landscape; theconstruction of the Tannenberg memorial complex and giving meanings to it; and reconstruction of wardevastatedcities and towns of East Prussia. The article demonstrates that the creation of meaningful linksbetween the German population, the homeland (East Prussia), the elements of its natural and culturallandscape, and the Fatherland (Germany) formed a unique perception of the region which was primarilyrelated to its meaning of a German outpost in the East. KEY WORDS: East Prussia, regional identity, natural and cultural landscape, youth tours, outpost, World War I. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ahuk.v24i0.285


Marx held that labor is composed of complex and simple labor and the former compromises labor of management and science and technology The value producing labor does not only refer to production labor but the whole concept of labor management,science and technology are playing more and more important role in social production,creating Tremendous value eventually set up a distribution system that will best utilize the vigor and creativeness of the management and scientific and technological staff


Building on the ideas of Gregory Baum and Kari Polanyi Levitt, whose contributions as public intellectuals committed to social justice span almost five decades, "Reclaiming Democracy" features discussions by eminent scholars about social ethics, political economy, and democracy. "Reclaiming Democracy" traces their influence on critical social thought. The essays, which focus in part on the Caribbean, provide an intellectual perspective to ground the growing opposition to dominant institutions by social movements struggling against injustice around the world.Contributors include Samir Amin (Third World Forum, Senegal), Lloyd Best (Trinidad and Tobago Institute of the West Indies), Duncan Cameron (University of Ottawa), Ursula Franklin (University of Toronto), Norman Girvan (University of West Indies), Denis Goulet (University of Notre Dame), Arvind Sharma (McGill University), Carolyn Sharpe (Saint Paul's University), Mel Watkins (University of Toronto), and Michael Witter (University of the West Indies).


This study aims to determine the feasibility of developing PjBL STEM-based Physics e-modules and improving students' generic science skills (KGS) using PjBL STEM-based Physics e- modules on vector analysis materials on parabolic motion. The research method used is R&D (Research and Development). The research sample consisted of 24 students. The results showed that the feasibility of the PjBL STEM-based Physics e-module on vector analysis material on parabolic motion obtained an average percentage of 92% with a very suitable category for use as a teaching material. Generic science skills (KGS) of class X IPA students on vector analysis material on parabolic motion resulted in an average percentage of 47.92% in the less skilled category before using the PjBL STEM-based physics e-module and resulted in an average percentage of 82.16% in the skilled category after using the PjBL STEM-based physics e-module


2018 was an important year for social scientists using evolutionary models and perspectives in their analyses of the behaviors of human social groups. Early in the year Routledge published The New Evolutionary Sociology by Jonathan Turner and Richard Machalek. I was a pre-publication reviewer of this book for Routledge. I evaluated it as pathbreaking and the best statement I had read about how sociologists use evolutionary paradigms in a variety of different investigations. Then, several months later, we saw the release of The Oxford Handbook of Evolution, Biology, and Society, edited by Rosemary Hopcroft. It is a truly superb collection of essays by sociologists and other social scientists about research focusing on social groups using not only evolutionary perspectives, but also biological and behavioral genetic methods. This is a great time to be a sociologist using evolutionary and biological approaches in our research! Two important and influential books focusing on the use of evolutionary and biological models in sociology published in the same year. I have been a demographer and sociologist for over 50 years, and these are new developments in the field. It has been only within the past two decades that evolutionary and biological models have begun, once again, to have some legitimacy in sociology. Indeed, the ''Evolution, Biology, and Society'' section of the American Sociological Association was not established until 2007. Hopcroft states in the first chapter of her Handbook that its primary purpose is to showcase the application of evolutionary and biological/genetic models in analyses of human behavior. She correctly observes that sociologists have been ''late to the table'' in their use of such models. But there is a real potential, I would argue, in the use of biological and evolutionary models and methods in the analysis of social phenomena. Hopcroft has assembled an outstanding compendium of essays that, among other things, shows sociologists why and how such models can aid us in our understanding of human behavior. The book's introductory section contains an informative chapter by Richard Machalek comparing the different ways sociologists and evolutionary scholars answer questions such as how and why societies exist. What sociologists do and what evolutionary biologists do are poles apart. Machalek tries to show how the incorporation into sociology of methods and theories from evolutionary biology can be beneficial, and he does so most successfully. Another chapter in this first section is by Douglas Marshall and deals with ''Sociology's Contentious Courtship with Biology.'' He reminds us that the founders of sociology, particularly Herbert Spencer and Emile Durkheim, were accepting of a role in the new sociology for a human nature based on a universal biology. Moreover, Robert Park, Ernest Burgess, Lester Ward, Albion Small, and others who were part of or influenced by the new Chicago school of sociology, particularly the human ecologists, recognized the important parallels between human and plant communities. But, Marshall notes, the use of any biological concepts or theories by sociologists fell out of favor around the middle of the twentieth century. This sentiment continues to this day among many in our discipline. Part II of the Handbook contains six chapters illustrating the use of evolutionary models in social psychological research. I found especially informative the chapter by Jonathan Turner on ''Discovering Human Nature through Cross-Species Analysis.'' He discusses a methodology known in biology as cladistic analysis that enables social scientists to engage in comparisons between primates and humans in order to begin to address the long-standing question of how Homo sapiens evolved to become the most social of the great apes. Other chapters in this section include one on the neurology of religion and another on sex differences in the human brain. 546 Reviews


Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Origins of European Governance in Communications: The formative years (late 1940s - late 1960s) Chapter 3. The Crisis Years: National capital and the search for European solutions and identity (late 1960s - late 1970s) Chapter 4. Defensive Europeanization: Industrial policy moves to Europe (late 1970s - mid-1980s) Chapter 5. Liberalization and Re-regulation: The high peak of European governance? (mid-1980s - late 1990s) Chapter 6. Competitiveness, Knowledge Economy and Technological Convergence: Toward policy coordination (late 1990s - early 2007) Chapter 7. Conclusions


Introduction: The limitation of the dorsiflexion movement range is the most used
parameter in evaluation and evolution of physiotherapeutic approach. Objective:
To evaluate the inter-tester reliability and the applicability of goniometry and
Weight-Bearing test for measuring the ankle dorsiflexion. Method: Twenty five
volunteers, male sex, average aged 38.81 (+6.26), were included in the study and
distributed in: G1 (13 non-athletes) and G2 (12 athletes). The measurement of the
ankle dorsiflexion was made by using a universal goniometer, which was adapted
with a 45 cm metal rod, and also by using the Weight-Bearing test. The two
methods were applied in all the participants, by three clinical examiners, each of
whom made the measurement six times. The ICC was used to verify the reliability
of the tests. Results: In goniometry, the ICC was 0.98 for G1 and 0.97 for G2.
When it comes to Weight-Bearing, the ICC was 0.98 for G1 and the same for G2.
All these measures were considered high values. Conclusion: As a conclusion, it
may be said that both methods are of great reliability for clinical application in
these experimental conditions.