This work was carried out on the heads of sixteen apparently healthy adult domestic cats of various sexes. The available literatures dealing with the gross anatomy of the hyoid apparatus of various species of domestic animals were reviewed. The Manual dissection, dry bony specimens as well as histological examination were used according to the purpose under investigation. The study described the six segments forming the cat hyoid apparatus; Tympanohyoideum, Stylohyoideum, Epihyoideum, Ceratohyoideum, Basihyoideum and Thyrohyoideum. Elevenpairs of muscles where attached to the hyoid apparatus. The most enlarged of these muscles were those that retract the hyoid bone caudally, the sternohyoid muscle and rostrally, the geniohyoid muscle as well as those controlling the tongue movement, styloglossus and hyoglossus. The histological studies showed that the Tympanohyoideum and Ceratohyoideum were mostly hyaline cartilage, the Epihyoideum was partly hyaline and partly fibrous, the Stylohyoideum and Thyrohyoideum were partly hyaline and partly osseous while the Basihyoideum was completely ossified.


: Through qualitative analysis of the policies of two major global information intermediaries — Google and Microsoft — and related case studies, this paper demonstrates a) that intermediaries' participation in self-regulatory programmes and implementation of privacy principles does not necessarily translate into meaningful privacy safeguards for users in the face of growing private surveillance capacity; and b) that within the EU and US self-regulatory frameworks, information intermediaries have discretionary power to set their policies and practices prioritising strategic interests over privacy commitments. Discussions in this paper complement existing studies on the implementation of privacy principles stipulated in Fair Information Practices (FIPs) by enhancing understanding about the role of information intermediaries in defining privacy conditions of users within self-regulation.


Abstract Nickel oxide is an environment-friendly transition metal oxide with relatively low cost and a kind of excellent electrode materials for supercapacitor. High surface area with favourable porosity can facilitate the electrochemical performance of NiO. Mesoporous nickel oxide was synthesised by a hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation method in this research, using mixed anionic/non-ionic surfactant as template. The influence of mixing ratio of the two constituents in the mixed surfactant was investigated. The prepared NiO samples were characterised by N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscope measurements. Also, the electrochemical performances of the NiO electrode were determined by cyclic voltammetry at different scan rate and chronopotentiometry at different current density. The results showed that the prepared NiO had mesoporous structure and high specific surface area while the electrochemical performances exhibited high redox capacity, good cycle stability and great rate capability.


In his paper Backus [1962] puts this problem on a rigorous base. At the same time his approach is more general than that of previous workers, as he takes into account a continuous variation of the elastic constants with the vertical distance, as well as intrinsic anisotropy of the layers. A few remarks, however, seem to be necessary with respect to his account of previous work, particularly with respect to his equations 9 and 13. Backus quotes me as 'having obtained these equations in 1958' (p. 4439 of his paper) and in another context as 'having expressed Postma's formulas as averages and generalized them to a multilayered case' (p. 4428).


When an inductive power transfer system is applied to a battery charger for electric vehicles, a diode bridge rectifier with a dc–dc converter, called a secondary-side converter in this paper, is connected to the secondary side of the resonant circuit in order to regulate the current and voltage of the battery. A compensation capacitor is typically used to improve the input power factor in an inductive power transfer system, and a resonant circuit is configured. This paper presents a design method for the primary compensation capacitor in an inductive power transfer system with series compensation on the primary side and parallel compensation on the secondary side (S/P topology) to connect a boost or buck converter via a rectifier circuit on the receiving side. For the S/P topology, the capacitance of the primary-side compensation capacitor influences the duty ratio of the switch used in the secondary-side converter because it affects the input-to-output voltage ratio of the resonant circuit. Further, the duty ratio of the secondary-side converter affects the resonant-circuit efficiency. In addition, the primary compensation capacitance affects the output power factor of the inverter, which is connected to the primary side of the resonant circuit. Therefore, the capacitance of the primary-side compensation capacitor also affects the inverter efficiency and resonant-circuit efficiency. In this paper, a primary-side capacitor design method is examined. The results show that the optimum capacitance using a buck converter differs from that using a boost converter.


This study is aimed at examining the interaction of religious values and local wisdom on carving Islamic calligraphy in Palembang. In addition, this study is also aimed at analyzing the interaction of forms and philosophies of carving, physical functions, aesthetic functions, and socio-cultural functions. The benefits of this research include, being able to know how the interaction of religious values and local wisdom on carving Islamic calligraphy in Palembang, can provide motivation for the community to uphold the values of the holy book of the Koran, and can introduce the traditional carvings of Palembang to the wider community. This study uses a qualitative method with a multi-disciplinary approach, such as communication, aesthetics, and socio-culture. The research results achieved are; the interaction of religious values and local wisdom in the carvings are intertwined with mutually adapting harmony, calligraphic forms, decorative forms, and golden colors as characteristic of Palembang's local colors and physical, aesthetic and socio-cultural functions in Islamic calligraphy engraving in Palembang.


In 1990 the European Commission encouraged the study of a new methodological approach for the teaching and learning of languages in the 21st century. That is how


Objective: To evaluate the nutrition index,tolerance,infectious complications and short-term prognosis in stroke patients with dysphagia before and after enteral nutrition(EN) therapy.Methods: 128 elderly patients of acute stroke accompanied with dysphagia were divided into the treatment group(n = 80) and control group(n = 48) according to the nutritional supporting methods. The treatment group was divided into enteral nutritional emulsion(TPF) group(n = 44) and nutrison fibre(NF) group(n = 36),while the control group was treated with general nasal feeding diet. Neurological scores of patients were tested by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale( NIH Stroke Scale,NIHSS) at admission,14 days after admission and discharge respectively,and the changes of nutritional indicators and the complications were observed simultaneously. Results: At day 14 and discharge,the NIHSS score and incidence of lung infection in treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P 0. 05),the time of hospital stay was less,and the nutrition indicators in treatment group were also significantly improved than those of the control group. Meanwhile,because of the different sources of dietary fiber,the incidences of constipation and diarrhea in TPF and NF groups were significantly different(P 0.05). Conclusion: Early EN support can improve the acute neurological function,nutrition indicator,short-term prognosis,and reduce the incidence of infectious complication in the elderly stroke patients with dysphagia.


The low-to-intermediate cycle fatigue behavior of A533B steel is investigated using solid round bar specimens tested in combined bending and torsion. Loadings are applied in-phase and 90 deg out-of-phase to produce cases of proportional and nonproportional biaxial fatigue. Out-of-phase loadings are found to be more damaging than in-phase loadings. Two equivalent strain criteria similar to those in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and a newer approach based on cyclic plastic work are used to correlate fatigue lives. The equivalent strain criteria are found to underestimate the fatigue damage in out-of-phase tests, but to provide reasonably good correlations overall. The plastic work approach provides a conservative treatment of the out-of-phase data and somewhat better overall correlation. Cracking behavior observed during the tests is also summarized.


Merostachys riedeliana Rupr. is a long-lived monocarp species common in the understorey of tropical semideciduous forest fragments in the south of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Its floral biology and breeding system were studied and compared with others bamboos. Due to its rhizome, it occurs in clumps and has a remarkable capacity for vegetative multiplication, which ceases a few months before the emergence of the first inflorescences. The beginning of the flowering and the death of the entire population occurred respectively on October 1998 and May 1999. The peak of the blooming episode took place during the hot and rainy months of the year (December and January). Each inflorescence produces in average 29 spikelets, which have hermaphrodite florets with three stamens and two plumose stigmas that are exposed during theanthesis. The abundant pollen is easily released by the wind or visitors. Apis mellifera L. and Trigona spinipes (F.) were the commonest visitors and behave as pollen thieves. These bees occasionally act as devices for dispersion of pollen, through vibration produced in the anthers. The excess of rain during flowering and the lack of wind in the understorey of the forest constrain the effectiveness of the anemophily. However, several morphological characters of the flowers, leaf fall and dense clumps tend to expect for wind pollination. Also, the auto-incompatibility index (0.99) showed that M. riedeliana is an autocompatible bamboo. So the auto-incompatibility does not favour the formation of fruits in vegetal clones, and the autocompatibility could result in the high production of seeds. Therefore the possible occurrence of clones of M. riedeliana in the forest fragments, due to the effective vegetative growth and the 30-32 years cyclic flowering intervals, might explain the high investment on spikelets production and autocompatible fruits formation.


Abstract : Economic, military, and political science all boast at least one basic theory. But concerning military assistance, the critical nexus between them, that theoretical structure that exists rests on normative assumptions and intuition. Within the general problem of developing a theoretical base for military assistance, an initial problem is to analyze the donor-recipient relationship to deduce from the experiences of history a set of uniformities that characterize successful military assistance. This paper addresses that problem by comparing the experiences of history and deducing such a set of uniformities. The problem of generality is addressed by applying the deduced set pro forma to random episodes of military assistance chosen from a population that excludes all but two of the episodes from which the set was deduced. The problem is to deduce and verify uniformities within the donor-recipient relationship that can be related to a successful use of military assistance. The general approach to the study is analytical. Research involves observations of historical data.


The text is devoted to a problem of increase of efficiency of technological preparation of machining. It tells about creation and use patterns of manufacturing, drawing templates and library machine tool accessories to automate technology programmer work in the development NC program for CNC machines.


The main objective of this article is to illustrate how geomarketing and geographic information system (GIS) can assist the process of decisions making in urban planning, specifically in the identification and characteriza t on of the best places for the construction of a convention center in Belo Horizon te, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A convention center is a typically large building, es s ntial for a metropolis, designed to hold business and tourism conventions and events. Establishing the best locations for a convention ce ter involves research of which variables should compose the analysis and how to cr oss them. For this purpose, the work was based on the method of multicriteria analy sis, which evaluates various criteria and processes contributing for the result, trying t o cover all the factors that influence the choice of the local of the convention center. This is a macro view of analysis, which examines th e city as a whole. The work of selection for the best location can be divided into four steps: 1) identification of places with highest number of weighted desirable character istics, 2) selection of vacant lots with an area over 10.000m , 3) exclusion of lots from areas with characterist ics identified as unfavorable, and 4) application of ca lculus of Accessibility. At first, it was identified locations which had the highest amount of desirable characteristics crossing maps from the software SAG A with the calculus of weighted average, using variables defined by Exploratory Spa tial Data Analysis (ESDA), and weights and notes defined by the Delphi method. Aft er identifying those areas, it was searched for areas which had vacant lots measuring over 10.000m. Thus, as a result of this article, it was found in Belo Horizonte 11 ideal places to build a convention center, instead of only one location. A convention center can be built in any of these locations, according to the selected crite ria, although some places are more accessible or more suitable for the activity. There fore, this article presents not only a single place, but a list of suggestions. The choice f one location between the options presented, however, requires a micro analysis of ea ch of them, since this article diagnosis was macro, which contemplated the entire city of Belo Horizonte.


This note focuses on the problem of asymptotic stability of a class of linear neutral systems described by differential equations with delayed state. The delay is assumed unknown, but constant. Sufficient conditions for delay-independent asymptotic stability are given in terms of the existence of symmetric and positive definite solutions of a continuous Riccati algebraic matrix equation coupled with a discrete Lyapunov equation. The approach adopted here is based on a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional technique.


Many software as well digital hardware automatic synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relationK (controller). Such relation, given a system states and an action u, returns 1 iff taking action u in state s leads in the system goal or at least one step closer to it. In order to determine at hand if K is a "good" controller, e.g., if it covers a wide enough portion of the system state space, or to provide an high level view of the actions enabled byK, it is useful to picture K in a 2D or 3D diagram. In this paper, starting from a canonical representation forK, we propose an algorithm to automatically generate such a picture, relying on available graphing tools. Keywords-Control Software Visualization; Embedded Systems; Model Checking


A ratiometric electrochemiluminescent biosensor for the detection of microRNAs based on cyclic enzyme amplification and distance dependent resonance energy transfer was reported for the first time.


This report reviews activities for the period from August 1, 1978 through July 31, 1979. Four experiment reports and a list of publications are included. Separate abstracts were prepared for unpublished data. (RWR)


A31-year-oldmalewith a history of traumatic brain injurywith seizure disorder presented to the emergency department (ED) via emergency medical services (EMS) after a motor vehicle collision. On EMS arrival, the patient was having seizure-like activity. On arrival to the ED, the patient had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 with a complaint of a mild headache. Non-contrast head computed tomography revealed areas of encephalomalacia with extensive right temporal craniectomy postoperative change, sinonasal surgery, and cranialization of the frontal sinus with a hyperdense process in the right anterior frontal region (Figures 1 and 2). Given the seizure and hyperdense process, magnetic resonance imaging was ordered. It revealed a right frontal lobe fluid collection, 3 × 3 × 2 cm, that appeared to extend from right frontal sinus concerning for Pott's puffy tumor versus mucocele (Figures 3 and 4). Patient was admitted, a bifrontal craniotomy was performed, the mass was removed, and a diagnosis of mucocele wasmade.


The structure of a base plate was presented and the compact die-casting die was designed to replace the original mechanical processing technology. Practice has proved the base plate with clear contour and qualified dimension was formed by die-casting and met the design requirements.


The median statistic has recently been discussed by Gott et al. as a more reliable alternative to the standard χ2 likelihood analysis, in the sense that it requires fewer assumptions about the data and is almost as constraining. We apply this statistic to the combined data set of 92 distant Type Ia supernovae currently available and also to a mock SNAP-class data set. We find that the performances of the modified median and χ2 statistics are comparable, particularly in the latter case. We further extend the work of Gott et al. by modifying the median statistic to account for the number and size of sequences of consecutive points above or below the median. We also comment on how the performance of the statistic depends on the choice of free parameters that one is estimating.


The present invention is 2-methylene Formulas (I) - vitamin D analogues (wherein, R and X are as defined in claim 1), in particular (20S)-25-hydroxy-2 - methylene - vitamin D3 and (20R)-25-hydroxy-2-methylene - vitamin D3, and disclose their pharmaceutical use. These compounds, relatively high binding activity, and, because they exhibit a pronounced activity in inducing their differentiation into undifferentiated cells proliferation was stopped and monocytes, in particular, osteosarcomas, leukemias, colon cancer, breast cancer, and explicitly used as an anticancer agent for the treatment or prophylaxis of skin cancer or prostate cancer. These compounds also because of its relatively high calcemic activity, also used in the treatment of bone diseases are specified. Formula (I)


Concrete has been known to exist since 3000 BC when the Egyptian Pyramids were first built with a prim- itive form of concrete, mud and straw mixed with gypsum and lime for the mortar. Although today's concrete is much better the concept remains the same. Concrete has become so popu- lar that today it is used for nearly any building product. Concrete soffit, siding, shingles, walls, countertops, tombstones and most recently con- crete furniture can be seen just about everywhere. Three weeks ago I was watching the show "Restaurant Im- possible" when a facility was given a new makeover. They used polished concrete tables to replace the old ones.Instruction in Concrete Construc- tion for Your ProgramAt the Pennsylvania College of Technology I have developed an in- structional unit in concrete for post secondary education which could and has been adapted for middle and high school students. The first unit starts with the history and development of concrete and the concrete industry. This is followed by identifying qual- ity concrete, tool identification, and Portland cement. Units five and six discuss proper sub-grade and form preparation. Unit seven deals with proper curing for adequate strength and durability. Unit eight discusses slab defects and methods and tech- niques to avoid them. Unit nine is proper reinforcement using wire mesh, reinforcement bars or "rebars," and both rod and mesh fiber. Unit ten is all about admixtures and their ben- efits. These units progress in a logical sequence so that one unit builds upon the previous one.Student Evaluation and GradingI have taught these units at the post secondary level but have also adapted components of them for seventh through ninth grade on career day as well as tenth through twelfth grade as an after school activity for a local high school.SAEs or supervised agricul- ture experiences have been a part of agriculture education since the beginning. SAEs have changed sig- nificantly since the day of the large farm has become almost a thing of the past. Many students do not have the opportunity to complete an actual agricultural experiential learning ex- perience on the farm; therefore, it is important to offer a variety of other experiences as well as introducing new ones. Concrete is a resource that could and should be used to al- low students to complete their SAE requirements. When we evaluate all of the different uses of concrete in the agriculture industry, it should make us realize the importance of knowing and understanding concrete prepa- ration, placement, finish and care. …


The remark of Carnot quoted by Dr Mackay at the last meeting, regarding the mutual dependence of the four equations derivable from the same figure in the case of each of these theorems, led me to consider more fully the mutual dependence of the equations in question; and the following are some of the results arrived at.


The crystal growth of calcium carbonate on a chitosan substrate was achieved using a supersaturated calcium carbonate solution, by using various additives, polyacrylic acid (PAA). Polyacrylic acid modified the chitosan-film surface and promoted the nucleation of calcium carbonate crystals.


Bubble nucleation is a key feature in a cosmological first-order phase transition. The non-equilibrium bubble dynamics and the properties of the transition are controlled by the density perturbations in the hot plasma. We present, for the first time, the full solution of the linearized Boltzmann equation. Our approach, differently from the traditional one based on the fluid approximation, does not rely on any ansatz. We focus on the contributions arising from the top quark species coupled to the Higgs field during a first-order electroweak phase transition. Our results significantly differ from the ones obtained in the fluid approximation with sizeable differences for the friction acting on the bubble wall.


Abstract Should kinship care be favored as a form of permanency in and of itself or should it be avoided as a barrier to more binding forms of legal permanency? This question is examined using data from Cook County, Illinois. The study uses event history methods to analyze placement histories for 1992-95 cohorts of 23,685 children and a 1994 matched, cross-sectional sample of 1,910 children. It finds that kin placements are more stable than non-kin placements but that the advantage diminishes with lengthier durations of care. Current trends indicate a greater potential for legal permanency with kin than earlier literature has suggested.


During the last few years the developments in the field of III–nitrides have been spectacular. High quality epitaxial layers can now be grown by MOVPE. Recently good quality epilayers have also been grown by MBE. Considerable work has been done on dislocations, strain, and critical thickness of GaN grown on different substrates. Splitting of valence band by crystal field and by spin-orbit interaction has been calculated and measured. The measured values agree with the calculated values. Effects of strain on the splitting of the valence band and on the optical properties have been studied in detail. Values of band offsets at the heterointerface between several pairs of different nitrides have been determined. Extensive work has been done on the optical and electrical properties. Near band-edge spectra have been measured over a wide range of temperatures. Free and bound exciton peaks have been resolved. Valence band structure has been determined using the PL spectra and compared with the theoretically calcu...


A 73-year-old woman was admitted to the Mater hospital, Newcastle, Australia after colonoscopy for review of her polyps. The patient was well until the next morning when she started to have severe abdominal pain and collapsed in the toilet. Her past medical history included: mastectomy for breast cancer, hysterectomy, open cholecystectomy, partial gastrectomy, hypertension, osteoporosis, pernious anaemia and hip replacement. Colonoscopy was performed under sedation with propofol monitored by staff anaesthetists. Colonoscopy was initially attempted in the left lateral position and subsequently in the supine position as difficulty was encountered while negotiating the colonoscope to the caecum because of looping. Two polyps found in the splenic flexure and transverse colon and were snared. The procedure was tolerated very well and the patient discharged home. Twelve hours later, the patient presented to emergency department with severe abdominal pain, abdominal distension and hypotension. In the emergency department she was pale, her pulse rate was 74/min, blood pressure 80/52, temperature 36.9 ° C, and respiratory rate 20/min. Her abdomen was distended, generally tender with guarding and rebound tenderness. Bowel sounds were absent. Per rectum was normal in particular, there was no blood. Chest X-ray (erect) showed no free gas under diaphragm. Two large bore cannula inserted in both cubital fossa and fluid resuscitation was given. Her haemoglobin (Hb) on arrival was 8.0 g/dL which dropped to 6.0 g/dL in 2 h (Hb was 132 3/52 ago) (normal range 11–15 g/dL). A computed tomography scan showed a ruptured spleen with a large amount of haemoperitonum. A blood transfusion was started and the patient was taken to theatre. Laparotomy and splenectomy were performed. At laparotomy, there was fair amount of adhesions in the upper abdomen and the spleen was walled off with adhesions. Histologically, the spleen was normal with evidence of a recent tear, which involved the lower pole and hilum Postoperatively the patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome required admission to the intensive care unit and assisted ventilation; she made steady progress and was discharged from hospital on day 10 postoperative. The usual clinical presentation of splenic rupture as a complication of colonoscopy includes the onset of abdominal pain within 24 h, hypotension, acute anaemia and leucocytosis. Computed tomography of the abdomen is the imaging modality of choice for diagnosis and to determine the extent of the trauma. The aetiology of splenic injury after colonoscopy has not been definitively established. Possible mechanisms could be excessive traction on the splenocolic ligament, which can avulse the capsule. Risk factors include: previous surgery, trauma, inflammation, direct injury to the spleen, 5,30 splenomegaly, inflammatory bowel disease, anticoagulation, difficult colonoscopic and therapeutic procedure. However, no unusual difficulty was encountered in most cases reported. 16 Supine position has also been suggested as a risk factor as the force exerted on the spleen caused by gravity and traction during colonoscopy oppose each other. 31 This factor will increase the chance of the splenic capsule tearing especially if there are predisposing factors such previous abdominal surgery. Multiple prior colonoscopies has been also suggested as a possible risk factor related to the formation of adhesion in the vicinity of the splenocolic ligament from repeated traction. 7


Chinese hand-written local records were originated from the first century. Generally, these local records include geography, evolution, customs, education, products, people, historical sites, as well as writings of an area. Through such endeavors, the information of the natural materials of China nearly has had no "dark ages" in the evolution of its 5000-year old civilization. A compilation of all meaningful historical data of natural-disasters taken place in Alxa of inner-Mongolia, the second largest desert in China, is used here for the construction of a 500-year high resolution database. The database is divided into subsets according to the types of natural-disasters like sand-dust storm, drought events, cold wave, etc. Through applying trend, correlation, wavelet, and spectral analysis on these data, we can estimate the statistically periodicity of different natural-disasters, detect and quantify similarities and patterns of the periodicities of these records, and finally take these results in aggregate to find a strong and coherent cyclicity through the last 500 years which serves as the driving mechanism of these geological hazards. Based on the periodicity obtained from the above analysis, the paper discusses the probability of forecasting natural-disasters and the suitable measures to reduce disaster losses through history records. Keyword: Chinese local records; Alxa; natural disasters; database; periodicity analysis


This paper will first examine the assumptions behind the belief that political risk is relatively unimportant to forms of foreign market entry other than foreign investment and will discuss the validity of these assumptions, particularly in today's global business environment. Secondly, the paper will examine US corporate losses in Iran as depicted in awards and awards on agreed terms issued by the US-Iran Claims Tribunal at the Hague in order to illustrate empirically the implications of political risk to exporters, contractors, and foreign licensors.


A model is presented for the gaseous bridge and for the magnetic field connecting both Magellanic Clouds, according to optical and radio observations. Since an equilibrium configuration seems unlikely the time dependent problem was considered. Assuming cylindrical symmetry, a similarity solution of the equations of induction, of continuity. and of motion was found. The resulting time history of the Magellanic Bridge is summarized, taking the observational data from Hindman et al. (1963). A magnetic field of ~ 10/sup -6/ Gauss. as suggested by observations, gives an age of ~ 10/sup 8/ years for the configuration, during which an expansion by about a factor 2 occurred. (auth)


After treatment with Alcian blue at high temperatures, nuclei from chicken blood smears showed an intense staining rection, which proved to be dependent on the DNA content of chromatin. The possibility that interactions between the phthalocyanine chromophore and unpaired bases accounts for this temperature-dependent staining of chromatin is briefly discussed.


The invention provides a hard and soft combined type vertical shaft wind machine variable propeller pitch mechanism. A wind wheel supporting beam at the lower end of a wind machine tower is respectively provided with a servo motor, a driving chain wheel, a first driven chain wheel, a second driven chain wheel and a third driven chain wheel. A first transmission chain wheel, a second transmission chain wheel, a third transmission chain wheel and a fourth transmission chain wheel are arranged coaxially with the driving chain wheel, the first driven chain wheel, the second driven chain wheel and the third driven chain wheel respectively. The middle portion of the wind wheel supporting beam is respectively provided with a first inner layer blade drive chain wheel, a second inner layer blade drive chain wheel, a third inner layer blade drive chain wheel and a fourth inner layer blade drive chain wheel. The servo motor is connected with and drives the driving chain wheel, and a first chain is connected with the driving chain wheel, the first driven chain wheel, the second driven chain wheel and the third driven chain wheel. A second chain is connected with the first transmission chain wheel and the first inner layer blade drive chain wheel. A third chain is connected with the second transmission chain wheel and the second inner layer blade drive chain wheel. A fourth chain is connected with the third transmission chain wheel and the third inner layer blade drive chain wheel. A fifth chain is connected with the fourth transmission chain wheel and the fourth inner layer blade drive chain wheel. According to the hard and soft combined type vertical shaft wind machine variable propeller pitch mechanism, the servo motor is used for achieving control over a uniform variable propeller pitch of inner layer blades and outer layer blades and control over an independent variable propeller pitch.


We have synthesised two novel series of octaphenoxyphthalocyaninato copper(II) complexes, (m-C n O)PcCu (n = 2–10: 2b–f), and bis(octaphenoxyphthalocyaninato)terbium(III) complexes, [(m-C n O)Pc]2Tb (n = 2–10: 3b–f), which were substituted by dodecyloxy chains at the p-positions in the phenoxy groups and various length of alkoxy chains at the m-positions in the phenoxy groups. Their mesomorphic properties were investigated by polarising microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction techniques. The Cu complex (2b) and the Tb complexes (3b–d), having shorter chains at the m-positions in the phenoxy groups, exhibited a lamellocolumnar (ColL) mesophase. Moreover, it was revealed that the complexes (2 and 3) tend to change their mesophases of the order of Colh → ColL → Colr → Cub → Coltet with elongating the length of the alkoxy chains at the m-positions. †Reference [1].


Is there a logic of ordinary language? Not obviously. Formal or mathematical logic is like algebra or calculus, a useful tool requiring its own symbol system, improving on ordinary language rather than analyzing it (Quine, 1972). As with algebra and calculus, people need to study this sort of logic in order to acquire any significant facility with it. (Introductory logic teachers can testify to the troubles that ordinary people have with basic principles of formal logic.) Psychologists have demonstrated that almost everyone has difficulty applying abstract principles of formal logic, for example, in the Selection Task (Wason, 1983). And, despite claims that logic courses help people reason better, training in formal logic does not appreciably affect how people reason in situations to which abstract logical


A comparison is made of the performance of pure retransmission, forward error correction and hybrid (error detecting/ correcting) schemes for data transmission in a noisy (probability of error, P > 10-4) binary symmetric channel. The performance calculations are based on the use of BCH codes for error detection and correction up to the full correction capability of the code. It is shown that a probability of undetected error of less than 10-9 error/bit, can be achieved by correcting only a few errors while retaining a reasonable throughput and a very low retransmission rate. The best codes in the class considered are specified and the complexity of instrumentation is estimated. Finally, various combinations of possible systems employing half duplex and reverse channel operation are used in a comparison of the transmission schemes. For line error rate worse than 10-4 error /bit, a hybrid system operating with a reverse channel is superior to the other possibilities.


The Pleomorphic Adenoma is the most frequent benign tumor of the salivary glands. The cheeks, lips and gingiva are rare sites of appearance. The objective of this study is to report a case of a Pleomorphic Adenoma arising from the buccal mucosa. A 57-year-old female patient who presented with an increase in volume in the right facial region with one year of evolution, asymptomatic and without treatment. Physical examination revealed a nodular lesion of approximately 3 cm in diameter, located in the right cheek. MRI revealed a hyperintense image in STIR sequence. Excisional biopsy of the lesion was made under balanced general anesthesia, where extracapsular dissection of the tumor was performed, using a transoral approach. The histopathological study resulted in pleomorphic adenoma. Despite the low rate of recurrence of this neoplasm, short, medium and long term follow-ups are recommended.


ABSTRACT. Culex annulirostris Skuse, colonized from Brisbane. Queensland, and Mildura, Victoria, Australia, were effective vectors of Murray Valley encephalitis virus at 20, 27 and 32–35oC with full extrinsic‐incubation periods of 15, 10 and 4 days respectively. At 20oC, 7–11 days post‐infection, transmission by the Mildura colony (0–20%) was less efficient than the Brisbane colony (30–70%) but both were capable of 75–100% transmission after longer extrinsic incubation periods. Discriminant analysis of body and salivary gland titres showed that these were not satisfactory indicators of transmission. Wild‐caught Aedes sagax (Skuse) and Cx annulirostris from the Murray Valley showed equal competence, but Aedes alboannulatus (Macquart) was a poor vector. The results provide data on rural amplification of Murray Valley encephalitis virus during spring and suggest that further work on the potential of A e. sagax as a natural vector is warranted.


The development of optical cross-connect architectures is a very important topic today. We consider here in particular the class of optical space-division switching fabrics configured as multistage structures built with 2/spl times/2 optical switching elements (SEs) and derived from a combination of vertical replication and horizontal expansion of Banyan networks. We determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for these matrices to be rearrangeably nonblocking and free of first-order crosstalk in SEs. This impairment is one of the major limitations in optical cross-connect performance. We focus on rearrangeable matrices since they have lower complexity than their strict-sense nonblocking counterparts. Given the current high cost of optical SEs, the rearrangeable solution looks attractive today.


Objective:To describe the characteristics of HCV infection among drug users of xian,and provide baseline data for valid intervention.Methods:Face-to-face interview with detailed questionnaire was conducted amongst 404 drug users in the methadone maintenance therapy(MMT) clinic of Xian,and blood sample was collected and tested for HCV antibody.Results:The overall anti-HCV antibody-positive rate was 60.6%,while the rate was75.4%among 280 IDUs,significantly higher than that of NIDUs(27.4%,χ2=10.26,P0.01) 。3.5%(14/404) had shared syringes and needles with other IDUS。A significantly higher HCV infection rate was found among drug users who have more than 1 sex partner,compared with those who have single or no sex partner。 Conclusion:High HCV infection rate was observed among drug users in MMT clinic of Xiani,and behaviors at high risk were commonly identified.


The scene of the Emperor and Queen paying homage to the Buddha in cave 1 of the Gongxian Grottoes is the best preserved outing scene of late Northern Wei Emperors and Queens. In this scene, each major character is followed by his or her attendants in different costumes and number, each holding different parasols to indicate social rank. This reflects that the hierarchy in imperial ceremonies had been completely established and adopted in Buddhist ceremonies. This scene, together with the spatial features of the cave,suggests that the Emperors and Queens paid homage to the Buddha by circumambulating clockwise around acentral pillar.


GNU/linux distributions are very well coordinated and assembled pieces of software. Each one is in some sense a snapshot of a large fraction of the libre software development landscape at the time of the release. The components of such software systems (about 50-100 millions of lines of source code) are built by hundreds of independent groups of developers, with no formal connection to the group releasing the whole system. In this article, we present some quantitative and comparative information about the software included in two such distributions (Red Hat and Debian) and insist especially on the number of lines of source code. Both distributions are doubling their size every two years and both present similar patterns in programming language usage and package size distributions.


The ability of deep neural networks to extract complex statistics and learn high level features from vast datasets is proven. Yet current deep learning approaches suffer from poor sample efficiency in stark contrast to human perception. Few shot learning algorithms such as matching networks or Model Agnostic Meta Learning (MAML) mitigate this problem, enabling fast learning with few examples. In this paper, we extend the MAML algorithm to point cloud data using a PointNet Architecture. We construct N$\times$K-shot classification tasks from the ModelNet40 point cloud dataset to show that this method performs classification as well as supervised deep learning methods with the added benefit of being able to adapt after a single gradient step on a single N$\times$K task. We empirically search for optimal values of N and K for few shot classification and show our method to achieve 90% meta test accuracy compared to traditional PointNet with 89.2%. We also adapt a meta-trained PointNet to a support set of 9, N=3, K=3, never before seen point clouds which are drawn from an entirely different dataset, ShapeNet. Once adapted the model achieves 7.1/9 classification accuracy on average across 100 query sets of the same classes with new, unique instances. This result far exceeds the supervised Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) training result of 3.1/9 accuracy on the query sets which is equivalent to a random baseline.


Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Pneumocystis jirovecii fungus are the main opportunistic microorganisms that affect transplanted individuals. Immunosuppressive drugs administered to prevent organ rejection leave the immune system vulnerable to these infections. The present report is about a kidney transplanted patient using immunosuppressants who was diagnosed with cytomegalovirus and pneumocystosis requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Female patient, 57 years old, a kidney transplanted three years ago, with comorbidities, such as systemic arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. She was admitted to the hospital in January 2020 with a history of diarrhea, cough, malaise and weight loss of seven kg in a month. She made continuous use of the immunosuppressants tacrolimus® and mycophenolate sodium (MFS). After five days of hospitalization, she was transferred to the ICU due to refractory diarrhea, worsening renal function and respiratory pattern, requiring mechanical ventilation. Chest tomography showed changes that led to the diagnostic hypothesis of CMV pneumonia or Pneumocystis jirovecii. Treatment with Ganciclovir® and Bactrim® was started. The bronchial lavage polymerase chain reaction test confirmed the infectious condition for CMV and Pneumocystis jirovecii. Despite the drug therapy instituted, there was no improvement in the infectious condition. The patient started to present a general and progressive worsening of the clinical picture with loss of renal graft function, respiratory failure, metabolic acidosis, hemodynamic instability and severe distributive shock, evolving to death. In the present report, it was observed that after late kidney transplantation the fragility of the immune system caused by the use of immunosuppressants contributed to the development of a severe infection with CMV and Pneumocystis jirovecii. Adjusting the doses of immunosuppressants to individual needs can be an important measure for maintaining the proper immune system and consequently avoiding late opportunistic infections and death outcomes.


Objective To explore the clinical manifestations,the imaging features and pathogenesis on vascular parkinsonism(VP).Methods Clinical manifestations and MRI changes were retrospectively investigated in 42 patients with VP.Results Most of the patients had the history of cerebral vascular disease and other related risk factors.The clinical manifestations of VP showed festination,dyskinesias and rigidity,especial on legs.Resting tremor was absent.In addition,they were likely to have dementia,bulbar pseudoparalysis and urinary incontinence.Meanwhile,the therapeutie efficacy applied L-dopa was invisible.MRI changes mainly displayed multiple lacunar infarcts in basal ganglia and periventricular cerebral white matter,frequently accompanied with cerebral leukoaraiosis or atrophy.Conclusions Clinical criteria for diagnosis of VP based on the history,clinical manifestations,imaging changes and response to dopaminergic therapy.


The study of electrophoretic pattern of Haemonchus contortus has proved to be an important tool for vaccine designing. The aim behind the review is to encourage young researchers to initiate work on this aspect. Disease biomarker discovery is generally carried out using two dimensional polyacrylamide gel Electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) to identify differences in the protein expression patterns. After 2D-PAGE fractionation and staining, the protein(s) of interest are removed, proteolytically or chemically digested and identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Although 2DPAGE separation provides excellent resolution, the need for protein staining and the subsequent sample handling limits the sensitivity of the overall approach. Protein profiling is expected to discover unexpected targets for drug design by determining the function of thousands of unidentified proteins still likely to be found in the genome of Haemonchus contortus. Protein profiling is expected to multiply the number of known drug targets 100- fold. This will encourage the pharmaceutical industry to develop new drugs against this economically important parasite. This review will focus on research carried out globally by the applications of electrophoresis and so far various proteins have been identified as targets for vaccine designing. (Irfan-ur-Rauf Tak, M. Z. Chishti and Fayaz Ahmad. Applications of studying Electrophoretic pattern of Haemonchus contortus as tool for vaccine designing - A Review. N Y Sci J 2013;6(9):60-65). (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork . 9


The present invention provides a kind of method that optical soliton interaction and electroreduction prepare personalized porous implant, include the following steps: the characteristics of human body according to wanted implant site, have the personalized porous implant of microstructure to design using medical imaging data reverse model;By metal oxide ceramic spherical powder and commercial resins, organic monomer, crosslinking agent, diluent, photoinitiator and dispersing agent configuration photocuring slurry;The ceramic porous implantation material of primary metal oxide is prepared with photocuring increasing material manufacturing method, high temperature sintering is carried out and removes impurity;Primary porous metal implants are manufactured by molten chloride in-situ reducing;Using the method for chemical vapor deposition in primary porous metal implants surface deposited metal coating.The method overcome conventional porous implantation material preparation method microstructure is uncontrollable and the big deficiency of Direct Laser increasing material manufacturing difficulty, and it is able to achieve structure nano, is expected to open up the new way of porous implant preparation.


This paper develops a writing and walking support system using haptic and wearable devices. In the system, a user can write characters in calligraphy by using a haptic device. After the user finishes writing characters, he/she can choose to exhibit his/her work in a virtual 3D exhibition room or not. In the exhibition room, his/her avatar in the virtual space is displayed, and the avatar is moved with a foot sensor attached to the user's waist and feet. Multiple avatars can communicate with each other in the room.


Using a life history approach, this paper explores spirituality in the life and work of Muslim teachers employed in state schools of England. Background for discussion includes a rationale for the methodology and its advantages. The findings highlight their conceptualisation of God and purpose of life, and draw attention to their views and understanding about spirituality and the role it plays in their life. It concludes by stating that spirituality continues to be significant to them – albeit in a variety of ways that reflect the diverse paths of spirituality evident among Muslims.


Data placement considerably affects the I/O performance of distributed storage systems such as HDFS. An ideal placement algorithm should keep the I/O load evenly distributed among different storage nodes. Most of the existing placement algorithms with I/O load balance guarantee depend on the information of data popularity to make the placement decisions. However, the popularity information is typically not available in the data placement phase. Furthermore, it usually varies during the data lifecycle. In this paper, we propose a new placement algorithm called Balanced Distribution for Each Age Group (BEAG), which makes data placement decisions in the absence of the popularity information. This algorithm maintains multiple counters for each storage node, with each counter representing the amount of data belonging to a certain age group. It ensures that the data in each age group are equally scattered among the different storage nodes. As the popularity variance of the data belonging to the same age group is considerably smaller than that of the entire data, BEAG significantly improves the I/O load balance. Experimental results show that compared to other popularity independent algorithms, BEAG decreases the I/O load standard deviation by 11.6% to 30.4%.


The temperature and concentration dependences of the electrical resistivity of the nickel-chromium alloys in the liquid state have been studied. Experimental data suggest a nonlinear concentration dependence of the electrical resistivity isotherms of the studied alloys. The results of studies of the temperature and concentration dependencies of the electrical resistivity of nickel-chromium alloys allow determining the optimal conditions for the formation of microhomogeneous and the equilibrium structure of the melt. Using of percolation theory and quasichemical model of microheterogeneous structure of liquid metal alloys gives the possibility to explain the nature of the isotherms of the electrical resistivity of nickel-chromium melts. The process of structure formation of nickel-chromium melts with increasing chromium concentration has been presented in the form of schemes, reflecting the gradual formation of different clusters, featuring by their structure and size.


Predictive modeling offers a tremendous opportunity for healthcare. With healthcare expenditures exceeding 15% of the gross domestic product (GDP), and the aging baby-boom generation entering their "high-utilization years," strategies for targeting healthcare resources toward those who could benefit most have become a strong necessity for a health plan's economic survival.


This study aims to appraisal the qualification of (NALCO 23214) which is used as added substance to Cooling Water Tower in General Company for Chemical Fertilizers Industry / North Region-Baiji. Already the results which we are obtained show the corrosion rates in (C.W.) system, and measuring this substance efficiency in corrosion inhibition. The results showed the substance qualification in reduction of corrosion rates when control on the special conditions in system, so the inhibitor qualification and corrosion rate were calculated.


C the evaluation of renal function, the article by Garcia et al, "Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate From Serum Creatinine and Cystatin C With Regard to Therapeutic Digoxin Monitoring" in J Clin Pharmacol 2007;47:1450-1455, was of considerable interest. Two issues are involved here. One is that of estimation of renal function; the other is the use of such data in the practical management of precise drug therapy. It is most important to have good estimates of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or creatinine clearance (CCr). The formulas of Cockcroft and Gault, and now the above authors, are useful when renal function is stable. The same may be true of the formulas of Levey et al. It is also most important to be able to perceive optimally the relationships between drug dosage, the patient's renal function, body weight, serum drug concentrations, and the effects of the drug. As to the issue of renal function, it is interesting that all the above approaches mentioned by Garcia et al consider the patient only as a static, not a dynamic, entity. They did not consider the fact that someone's renal function may be changing, often quite rapidly when a patient is acutely ill. Methods that estimate renal function from only a single sample usually require several days before a patient's serum creatinine (SCr), and perhaps Cystatin C, stabilizes after a change in renal function. If renal function is not stable, then the method used is not valid. Our group at the Laboratory of Applied Pharmacokinetics at the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine has been interested for years in therapeutic drug monitoring and the optimal individualization of drug therapy. We developed a formula based on stable SCr quite some time ago. However, one can also estimate CCr when SCr is changing from day to day, or from dose to dose of a drug, taking into account the rate of rise or fall of SCr. We first described such a method a number of years ago. Another version of this for a stable situation has also been described. A more recent modification is now available as a small program in our USC*PACK and MM-USCPACK collections of clinical software, which have been developed to optimize the planning, monitoring, and adjustment of individualized drug dosage regimens for patients, specifically including those with changing renal function. This estimation method has also been embedded in all relevant portions of the USC*PACK and the newer MM-USCPACK clinical software for therapeutic drug monitoring and maximally precise dosage individualization. The method has been most useful in our hands and those of others using such software for more than 25 years. It is also embedded in the MW/Pharm software for TDM from the group in Groningen. However, it unfortunately was not considered in the article discussed above either by its authors or by the scientific reviewers. Our method gives results similar to those of Cockcroft and Gault when SCr is stable. It is especially useful in tracking acute changes in an unstable patient's relationship between renal function and drug elimination from day to day, using pairs of SCr samples instead of only 1, and calculating the CCr that makes SCr rise or fall from an initial value up or down to a second value a stated time later, in a patient of a stated age, gender, height, and weight. Figure 1 shows an analysis of therapeutic drug monitoring data in a patient who initially received varying doses of gentamicin and whose serum gentamicin and SCr concentrations were monitored. At first, on 80 mg of gentamicin approximately every 8 hours (all times were known exactly), the serum concentrations were low, with a peak of only 3.6 μg/mL (sample 1). His dosage was intuitively increased to 100 mg every 8 hours. His serum concentrations then increased, more than expected, and he finally had a trough of 4.1 μg/mL (sample 5) almost 15 hours after the third dose of 100 mg. Because of this, his dose was again intuitively reduced back to 80 mg every 8 hours. The situation was not at all clear clinically. At that point, the patient's data were analyzed with the USC*PACK software and then with the more recent and capable MM-USCPACK software. It was clear that the problem was that the patient's SCr had been changing significantly during this time, but its effect on renal function had not been considered Submitted for publication March 25, 2008; revised version accepted June 25, 2008.


The article deals with the development stages of views on the role and goals of studying the permafrost environment as one of the factors of engineering-geological conditions. The classical permafrost study concepts on permafrost soils and their massives, the regularities of their distribution used in regional engineering geology, the position of permafrost grounds in the general engineering-geological classification of rocks are characterized. The features of hydrogeological conditions in the permafrost zone, the spatial regularities and dynamics of development of permafrost processes in this zone, their role in complication of engineering-geological conditions are described. The ways and detail level of reflection of permafrost condition indicators on general, small-scale and medium-scale engineering-geological maps are shown.


Objective: To apply Monte Carlo method in simulating the Tsinghua Homo-Source Dual-Beam medical accelerator and calculating KV energy X-ray image dose distribution in simple lung model.Methods: Using Monte Carlo's BEAMnrc program to simulate the head of Tsinghua Homo-source Dual-beam Medical Accelerator for obtaining the Phase Space file which should be saved for the source of the next step;Using Monte Carlo's DOSXYZnrc program to simulate the Lung model and calculate the image dose;Using MATLAB program to deal with the dose data for obtaining the the percent depth dose (PDD),off axis ratio(OAR) and isodose curve.Results: The Tsinghua Homo-source Dual-beam medical accelerator KV energy X-ray image dose distribution in Lung model was obtained.Conclusions: It is useful to save the Accelerator's Phase Space files under different simulated parameters for reducing the time of the image dose distribution calculated procedure.The image dose distribution can be used to evaluate the damage to the Lung organ.The Accelerator's Monte Carlo model can be used in future researches on the image dose distribution.


Training opportunities for visually impaired (VI) skiers are limited because it is essential for them to have sighted people who guide them with their voices. This study investigates an auditory feedback system that enables ski training using a ski simulator for VI skiers alone. Based on the results of interviews with actual VI skiers and their guides, we designed the following three types of sounds: 1) a single sound (ATS: Advance Turn Sound) that conveys information about turns; 2) a continuous sound (CES: Continuous Error Sound) that is emitted according to the difference between the user's future position and the position he/she should progress to; and 3) a single sound (Gate-Passed Sound) which is emitted when a user passed through a gate. We conducted an evaluation experiment with four blind skiers and three sighted guides. Results showed that three out of four skiers performed better under the conditions in which ATS and gate-passed sound were emitted than the condition in which a human guide gave calls. The result suggests that a sonification-based method such as ATS is effective for ski training on the ski simulator for VI skiers.


Learning and memory is one of the most significant characteristic of nerve activities,which is always being paid much attention.Long-term potentiation(LTP)was thought to be a model for neuronal plasticity such as learning and memory,its molecular mechanism was found to involve a signal transduction cascade that includes release of glutamate,activation of the NMDA glutamate receptors,Ca2+entry,and activations of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases(CaM kinases)II and IV and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK).Consequently,α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid(AMPA)glutamate receptors were activated by phosphorylation by CaM kinase II,resulting in an increase in Ca2+ entry into postsynaptic neurons.Furthermore,the activation of CaM kinase IV and MAPK increased phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein(CREB)and the expression of c-fos by stimulation of gene expression.


The technologies of heating extraction and enzymatic extraction were studied and optimized for haw juice,and compared with frozen extraction.The results showed the optimum technological parameters of heating extraction as heating temperature 80℃,heating time 30 min and extraction time 12 h,and those of enzymatic extraction as enzyme 0.15%,enzymolysis time 90 min and temperature 50℃.Enzymatic extraction was superior to heating and frozen extractions in juice extraction rate,while frozen extraction was better than enzymatic and heating extractions in the maintenance of nutrients.


Product experience seduces consumers into believing that they learn more than is actually so. There are several reasons for this. First, experience is more engaging than most attempts at education, both more vivid and intentional, and consequently more memorable. Second, experience is viewed as nonpartisan, devoid of the didacticism of formal education and the self-serving interests of advertisers. Third, much of experience is ambiguous, but not recognized as such. Experience supports a pseudodiagnosticity that draws the consumer in as a willing partner in the seduction. Finally, the endogeneity of tastes allows consumers to accommodate to chosen alternatives and results in infrequent regrets about being seduced. Copyright 2002 by the University of Chicago.


Calcium aluminate cement (CAC) mortars and concrete may be used as high-performance repairing materials for pavement restoration in airfields and roads. During recent years alkali-silica reaction (ASR) was reported in Portland cement concrete subjected to the action of organic deicers. Present paper reports the results of the investigation on the influence of organic and inorganic alkali deicers on ASR potential in CAC mortars containing fused silica as model reactive aggregate. It was shown for the first time, that concentrated solutions of sodium and potassium acetates, as well as sodium chloride, can cause ASR in CAC mortars. Sodium and potassium acetate resulted in much larger expansions comparing to sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide solutions used as a reference. Differences in alkali-silica gel were found depending on the solution which samples were soaked in. It was shown that ASR could proceed in a system without calcium hydroxide and an external source of hydroxyl ions.


The behaviour of certain dynamical nonlinear systems are described in term as chaos, i.e., systems' variables change with the time, displaying very sensitivity to initial conditions of chaotic dynamics. In this paper, we study archetype systems of ordinary differential equations in two-dimensional phase spaces of the Rössler model. A system displays continuous time chaos and is explained by three coupled nonlinear differential equations. We study its characteristics and determine the control parameters that lead to different behavior of the system output, periodic, quasi-periodic and chaos. The time series, attractor, Fast Fourier Transformation and bifurcation diagram for different values have been described.


A facile substrate involved strategy was used to prepare Cu–Fe LDO (layered double oxide) nanoplates. The material exhibited good-efficiency for decomposition of ammonia borane (AB) in alkaline methanol solution. Significantly, the material also demonstrated excellent catalytic performance in the reduction of various nitroarenes by coupling with AB hydrolysis in a one pot tandem reaction, and gave excellent yields of the corresponding amine products.


Based on the data of monitoring the offshore water in South Yellow Sea in January of 2005,this paper carries on the present condition assessment in this area with methods of single factor index,eutrophication index,and organic pollution index.The standard is the first-class water quality taken from The Chinese National Standard of Seawater Quality.The results are as follows: pH,DO,inorganic nitrogen and COD_(Mn) reach the first-class water quality; PO~(3-)_(4)-P and BOD_(5) only reach the second-class,and in each monitoring station the ratio of over standard is higher than 50%;E value is 1 in 43% of monitoring stations,indicating these stations are eutrophied,and in the other stations it is near 1,indicating these stations are on the edge of eutrophication;A value is form 0.65 to 1.22,and in 57% of monitoring stations it is 1,showing the organic pollution is serious.On the whole,the water quality is polluted,so eutrophication and organic pollution should be controlled strictly.


The present application is the first dust collection section for removing dust contained in the exhaust gas containing sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds, and supplying the gas to remove the dust; Water spray Water spray unit supplying water to reduce the temperature; Neutralizing substance supply unit for injecting a neutralized material; Main reactor including two reactors and automatically turns off installed at the front end of the two reactors to a vacuum ultraviolet ray generator, reactor cooling apparatus and the microwave generating device for generating ultraviolet rays of 200nm or less; A reaction path portion having a LED for generating, UV 200nm or more to compensate for the primary reactor, and the decomposition active species of the surplus generated in the main reactor; And apparatus, the present invention the flue gas desulfurization and denitrification apparatus consisting of the second dust collection section for collecting the sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds generated through parts of the main reactor and the reaction passage to desulfurization, denitrification of the exhaust gas containing the sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds, and It discloses a method. Device according to the present application may be compared to conventional devices and processes, by a simple process, as well as processing costs are less expensive variation of sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds in the flue-gas as ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate to use as raw material for fertilizers.


In concert with advances of wireless technologies in facilitating internet connectivity of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, mobile edge computing can provision and distribute computing resources at the cloudlets to efficiently process a high volume of IoT data. Among the IoT applications, multi-party data sharing among IoT devices, wireless access nodes and cloudlets is becoming increasingly critical, not only because the data collected by each single IoT device will often stay unmined, but also because of the security concern. As IoT applications' dependence on the cloud environment grows, the rich resources at cloudlets often become the attack targets, and the IoT data that are stored or processed using the cloud resources will be jeopardized. For the internet of important things, we have investigated how to efficiently and securely share the data among multi-party. In particular, for a group of cooperative IoT devices, by leveraging the cloud resources available at the wireless access points, a secure cache site with fast data uploading rate is chosen for each user. To minimize the overall data downloading time, the multi-party multi-path data delivery scheme is also designed such that each user can efficiently retrieve the data belonging to other parties.


The Wilson Ridge pluton is an epizonal calc-alkaline pluton that formed about 13.5 Ma during a period of mid-Miocene extension. Faulting and erosional dissection provide a cross section of the pluton. The apex of the pluton, in the Boulder Wash area, Nevada, is composed of hypabyssal quartz monzonite and dacite. The base of the pluton is 20 km to the south where quartz monzodiorite, monzodiorite, and diorite are in low-angle intrusive contact with Precambrian basement. The pluton was separated from cogenetic volcanic rocks in the River Mountains by movement along the Saddle Island detachment fault at about 13.4 Ma. The River Mountains now lie 20 km to the west of the pluton. The Wilson Ridge pluton is composed of the Teakettle Pass suite consisting of foliated monzodiorite and quartz monzodiorite and unfoliated quartz monzonite and the older Horsethief Canyon diorite. Rocks of the pluton contain 2–4 modal percent sphene. Intermediate rocks of the Teakettle Pass suite contain abundant basaltic and diorite enclaves. Basaltic enclaves are lensoidal and pillow-like and commonly have crenulate and fine-grained margins. Enclaves are chemically similar to mafic dikes of the Wilson Ridge pluton and to cogenetic alkali basalt flows in the River Mountains. They probably represent blobs of mafic liquid that commingled and mechanically mixed with felsic magma to produce the intermediate rocks of the pluton. Basaltic enclaves commonly occur as inclusion-rich zones that represent synplutonic mafic dikes that were injected into a quartz monzonite host. Mafic magma was entrained and mechanically broken down by magmatic flow shear. A continuum in shape exists from enclaves that are bulbous and ellipsoidal to those that are thin, tabular mafic selvages and schlieren and ultimately to the mafic component in foliated quartz monzodiorite and monzodiorite. Diorite enclaves have angular contacts with host rocks and are interpreted as xenoliths. Field evidence and major and trace element models suggest that the intermediate rocks of the pluton were produced by the commingling of a large volume of mafic magma with a smaller volume of felsic magma (a mafic-felsic ratio of about 70∶30) as well as fractional crystallization. Similar open system processes may be responsible for the production of calc-alkaline intermediate rocks in other parts of the Great Basin.


Recent observations and numerical experiments suggest that energy from the barotropic tides is the main con-tributor for the deep ocean mixing by the process of internal wave breaking. Here, the process of internal wave generation and propagation is first examined for an idealized configuration (isolated Gaussian topography) using an analytical solution and two numerical models, the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). The main goals of this study are: 1) to investigate the internal wave represen-tation in these models as a function of a wide model grid spacing range (500 m to 100 km) and 2) to quantify the spurious diapycnal mixing associated with the transport of density in the fixed coordinate ocean model (ROMS). The results show that the choice of model grid resolution is crucial to properly simulate the internal waves. In the coarser grids, the resulting baroclinic velocities are weaker and critical locations where internal waves are gener-ated can be removed. This leads to inaccuracy in capturing the tidal conversion process and thus misrepresentation of energetic smaller scale motions. The refinement of the grid resolution rapidly converges to the analytical solution from which a grid spacing is determined that provides sufficient accuracy of the numerical solution. Some estimates of the numerically induced vertical mixing in ROMS are provided for these model configurations.


The aim of this study was to understand how children from kindergarten appropriated the games proposed by Physical Education teacher and built as particular ways of playing in this space class. As methodology performed systematic observations during three months in physical education classes from Nursery Francesca Zacaro Faraco. These observations were made 23 field diaries, which were analyzed along with 9 field diaries built in the period in which I taught in Kindergarten. It could be observed that children developed games within the games targeted by teachers, or even developed parallel games to school. In many instances, these appropriations were against the organization and the teachers were considered "mess". The games in class proposals were reinvented by children with the intention of making them more attractive. A game that was attractive in that children gained prominence, were challenged and successfully obtained. For children the teacher represented someone who should maintain justice in plays and plays an adult. Being attentive to the logic of play allows children look at a magnification of classes; understand the motivations, forms of appropriations and the meanings that children make proposals for the games, and also for the teacher, can bridge the gap between symbolic the adult (teacher) and the child (student). Thus, it is possible to establish dialogues and approaches with the goals and interests of teachers of children with jokes and, thus, contribute to good progress in lessons.


THIS ISSUE of the ARCHIVES is dedicated to our international members. We have had a close relationship with them for decades but only recently have we joined to create an international federation to share our surgical knowledge and improve care for our patients. The International Advisory Board (Figure) has been selected to help us publish the best science from the member societies. We thank those individuals for their assistance and efforts. We encourage international submissions in all of the ARCHIVES peer-reviewed categories, including "International Innovations."


By comparing the status quo of copyright protection in Chinese and Western criminal law from the angles of value foundation,object,external aspect,subjective aspect,and infringer,the author believes that copyright protection in our criminal law has to be perfected by integrating with specific practice in our country and drawing lessons from legislation of Western countries instead of following the West blindly.


Young age, female sex, absence of comorbidities, and prior infection or vaccination are known epidemiological barriers for contracting the new infection and/or increased disease severity. Demographic trends from the recent coronavirus disease 2019 waves, which are believed to be driven by newer severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants, indicate that the aforementioned epidemiological barriers are being breached and a larger number of younger and healthy individuals are developing severe disease. The new SARS‐CoV‐2 variants have key mutations that can induce significant changes in the virus‐host interactions. Recent studies report that, some of these mutations, singly or in a group, enhance key mechanisms, such as binding of the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein with the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in the host‐cells, increase the glycosylation of spike protein at the antigenic sites, and enhance the proteolytic cleavage of the spike protein, thus leading to improved host‐cell entry and the replication of the virus. The putative changes in the virus–host interactions imparted by the mutations in the RBD sequence can potentially be the reason behind the breach of the observed epidemiological barriers. Susceptibility for contracting SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the disease outcomes are known to be influenced by host‐cell expressions of ACE2 and other proteases. The new variants can act more efficiently, and even with the lesser availability of the viral entry‐receptor and the associated proteases, can have more efficient host‐cell entry and greater replication resulting in high viral loads and prolonged viral shedding, widespread tissue‐injury, and severe inflammation leading to increased transmissibility and lethality. Furthermore, the accumulating evidence shows that multiple new variants have reduced neutralization by both, natural and vaccine‐acquired antibodies, indicating that repeated and vaccine breakthrough infections may arise as serious health concerns in the ongoing pandemic.


Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of as-needed use of nalmefene 18 mg versus placebo in reducing alcohol consumption in patients who did not reduce their alcohol consumption after an initial assessment, i.e. the pooled subgroup of patients with at least a high drinking risk level (men: >60 g/day; women: >40 g/day) at both screening and randomization from the two randomized controlled 6-month studies ESENSE 1 (NCT00811720) and ESENSE 2 (NCT00812461). Methods: Nalmefene 18 mg and placebo were taken on an as-needed basis. All the patients also received a motivational and adherence-enhancing intervention (BRENDA). The co-primary outcomes were number of heavy drinking days (HDDs) and mean total alcohol consumption (g/day) in Month 6 measured using the Timeline Follow-back method. Additionally, data on clinical improvement, liver function and safety were collected throughout the study. Results: The pooled population consisted of 667 patients: placebo n = 332; nalmefene n = 335. There was a superior effect of nalmefene compared with placebo in reducing the number of HDDs [treatment difference: −3.2 days (95% CI: −4.8; −1.6); P < 0.0001] and total alcohol consumption [treatment difference: −14.3 g/day (−20.8; −7.8); P < 0.0001] at Month 6. Improvements in clinical status and liver parameters were greater in the nalmefene group compared with the placebo group. Adverse events and adverse events leading to dropout were more common with nalmefene than placebo. Conclusion: As-needed nalmefene was efficacious in reducing alcohol consumption in patients with at least a high drinking risk level at both screening and randomization, and the effect in this subgroup was larger than in the total population.


Two decades ago, Tedd Benson helped kindle the dramatic rebirth of timer framing in this country. Today Benson and others are combining centuries-old timber-framing techniques with modern building materials to create houses that are as beautiful as they are durable and comfortable. In this book, Benson traces the history of the timber frame and tells how to create a new house in the tradition of old-world craftsmen. This new edtiion brings the latest advances in timber framing to life with hundreds of full-color photos and rendered drawings - all the information you need to join the timber-frame revival.


The present invention provides an improved semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the reduction of leakage current and the channel conductivity. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device of the present invention includes the steps of forming a gate pattern on the substrate, forming a mask on a substrate of one or more sides of the gate pattern, and implanting impurities to form the amorphous regions in the substrate wherein removing the mask, and forming a stress liner to cover the gate pattern on the substrate, and forming a recrystallized region by crystallizing the amorphous region.


TFT-LCD industry has become one of the domain industries in Taiwan. It is expected that the TFT-LCD industry can achieve an annual production value of one trillion NTD in 2007. However, relevant studies regarding how internal marketing, relationship marketing, and customer orientation influence on the success of the firms operation is limited. In this research, we take Taiwan TFT-LCD industrial companies as the research objects and try to identify the interrelationship among internal marketing, job satisfaction, relationship marketing, customer orientation and organizational performance. Although these companies are classified to manufacturing industry, it is suggested that the service components could be applied for the success of business operations. Specifically, the influences of internal marketing, job satisfaction and customer orientation on relationship marketing and organizational performance are evaluated. A research model is developed based on a series of literature reviews and hypotheses developments. The research results include: (1) there are significant relationships between internal marketing, customer orientation, and relationship marketing; (2) relationship marketing has significant influences by internal marketing, job satisfaction, and customer orientation; (3) organizational performance has significant influences by job satisfaction, relationship marketing, and customer orientation.


Collective Labor Agreement (CLA) is one of the main pillars that can be used in resolving disputes that occur in the company, However, there are problems concerning the implementation of CLA. The purpose of this research is to find and identify factors that can trigger disputes in the implementation of CLA, the probability of amendment of the CLA, identify the position of CLA in resolving Industrial Relation Disputes and find a mechanism of settlement in the implementation of the CLA. The research was carried out using empirical legal methods and analyzed using qualitative methods. The results are presented in a descriptive analysis report. The results of this research showed differences in interpretation, when unclear validity arrangements and adjustments of the new legislation happen were triggering disputes in the implementation of the CLA. Based on goodwill from the CLA parties, amendments could be made through negotiations in accordance with the mechanism stipulated in the Laws and Regulations. The position of CLA is an autonomous law that applies to the company and is an important element in preventing and resolving Industrial Relation Disputes. Finally, the settlement through bipartite, tripartite and Industrial Relation Court are the mechanism that can be taken for interest disputes.


Models to predict photovoltaic (PV) module power output are constantly improving, yet many are tuned to maximize accuracy at high irradiance, which has the potential to introduce errors when predicting energy output with other operating conditions. Correct power estimation under lower light conditions is very important, particularly in cloudy climates or when an array is non-optimally oriented, as is often the case with building-mounted or building-integrated PV systems. Newer CEC and IEC standards require manufacturers to provide data on module performance under a variety of operating conditions, and the purpose of this study is to explore the potential of these new data to improve model accuracy for different PV technologies. This study examines the accuracy of the commonly used, CEC-Wisconsin single diode five parameter PV model, comparing its predicted power output to measured and empirical model datasets over a range of incident irradiance levels and temperatures. The same comparisons are also performed for a modified, seven parameter version of this model, which includes the use of low irradiance data to assign values to the extra parameters. Results of this work further understanding of model misprediction at low irradiance and its impact on estimation of annual energy production. At medium-low irradiance (<500 W/m2), the original model is found to overpredict power output by as much as 15% for crystalline modules when compared with the datasets, and even more for thin film modules. The modified model brings the power overprediction down to ∼5% or less for most cases. Annual simulations are performed comparing the predicted energy output of the original and modified models to that of the datasets. The modified model shows a significant improvement in accuracy of annual energy prediction, especially for cloudy climates and situations where the array has a non-optimal tilt or orientation


Abstract : In this paper we present an empirical study of transformation-based error-driven learning applied to the bracketing of sentences. We introduce a series of fast algorithms we have developed to learn bracketing rules; these algorithms allow rapid learning of rule sequences and are a significant improvement over previous transformation-based learning algorithms. We describe systematic experiments we did in transformation-based learning using the fast algorithms to investigate the effects on bracketing accuracy of various factors, including error scoring techniques, search strategies, and pre-bracketing options.


. Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) supports the declarative construction of reactive systems through signals , or time-varying values. In this paper, we present a new language called FrTime, which provides FRP-style signals atop a dialect of Scheme. We introduce the language with a few examples and discuss its implementation. FrTime uses impure features, such as state and asynchronous communication, to model time and to control evaluation. The use of such features yields a scalable, event-driven implementation with several important advantages. Specifically, it eases integration with other systems, supports distribution of signals across a network, and permits various benign impurities. To illustrate the language's expressive power, we present a concise implementation of a networked paddle-ball game in FrTime.


Herein, the impacts of the selective halogenation at two different positions of dicyanomethylene‐3‐indanone (IC) end groups and inner side chains of small molecular acceptors (SMAs) on the PD:SMA interfacial interactions, blend morphology, and resulting photovoltaic properties are described. In this study, four different SMAs (A1, A2, A3, and A4) with the same molecular backbone, but with different degrees of halogenation, are synthesized. The IC end groups on the backbones of the A1 and A3, and A2 and A4 SMAs are chlorinated and fluorinated, respectively; in addition, 6‐phenoxyhexyl inner side chains of the A3 and A4 are chlorinated. The SMAs are paired with a chlorinated PBDT‐Cl PD to construct organic solar cells (OSCs). The PBDT‐Cl:A4‐based OSC exhibits the highest power conversion efficiency of 17.2%, outperforming the PBDT‐Cl:A1‐(13.3%), PBDT‐Cl:A2‐(15.6%), and PBDT‐Cl:A3‐based OSC (16.5%). The Cl atoms on the side chains in the A3 and A4 SMAs enhance the molecular/energetic interactions at the PD:SMA interfaces and improve the blend morphology in terms of domain purity and spacing. These effects lead to the improved fill factors and reduced voltage loss of the PBDT‐Cl:A3‐ and PBDT‐Cl:A4‐based OSCs. This study demonstrates the importance of appropriate halogenation of SMAs in optimizing the blend morphology, reducing voltage loss, and improving OSC performance.


Synopsis. The evolution of the tetrapod limb is examined from two perspectives: struc? tural and functional. Rosen et al. (1981) argued that lungfishes are the sister group of tetrapods, with limb characteristics comprising an important subset of their evidence. A re-analysis of the limb characters advocated by Rosen et al. does not support their contention, but instead suggests that rhipidistian fishes of the family Osteolepidae are the closest relatives of the tetrapods. In order to understand the probable seiective pressures leading to evolution of the tetrapod limb, a functional analysis of the fins of antennariid anglerfishes was performed. Antennariids use their limb-like fins to traverse underwater substrates. The analysis reveals a large number of functional and morphological conver? gences between antennariid fins and tetrapod limbs. It is suggested that tetrapod limbs were evolved for underwater transport rather than for locomotion on dry land.


Recently,"the project-based form of management strategy" has been increasingly applied by the real estate enterprises to quickly expand their business market and achieve their strategy objectives. To understand how the large and medium-sized real estate companies to transform their organizational structure to adapt this form, an industry survey by means of questionnaire has been conducted. This paper presented the results of the views of 78 respondents from real estate companies in mainland China regarding organizational structure, with trend of the organizational structure transformation being discussed.


Recent developments in the field of autism and related disabilities have included two prominent themes: (a) the emergence of functional assessment (FA) as a requisite step in behavioral support and (b) a growing acknowledgment that families represent the most essential resource for the social, intellectual, emotional, and behavioral development of their children. In the vast majority of cases, families are the most committed, enduring, and knowledgeable source of personal support available for their children. Therefore, families are considered vital contributors in the educational process and, increasingly, in the application of FA and assessment-based behavioral interventions. This article provides a discussion of family involvement in the process of FA and offers some key considerations pertinent to the appropriate and optimal incorporation of families in the FA and intervention process.


Incomplete transiliac osteotomy is commonly used in the surgical treatment of spastic hip disease in children with cerebral palsy. The osteotomy hinges through an intact sciatic notch and an open triradiate cartilage. We asked whether incomplete transiliac osteotomy, combined with varus osteotomy of the femur and soft tissue reconstruction, performed after skeletal maturity could improve hip coverage and acetabular shape and provide pain relief in patients with spastic hip disease. We retrospectively evaluated 27 consecutive adolescent patients (33 hips) with cerebral palsy in whom an incomplete transiliac osteotomy was performed after closure of the triradiate cartilage. The mean age at surgery was 15 years. Five hips were dislocated and 28 hips were subluxated preoperatively. The minimum followup was 2 years (mean, 3.3 years; range, 2 years-7.5 years). The subluxated hips had a minimum Reimers' migration index of 23% (mean, 52%; range, 23-95%), which was reduced to 0% (mean, 7%; range, 0-39%) at followup. The minimum preoperative Sharp's angle was 34° (mean, 52°; range, 34°-70°), which was reduced to 20° (mean, 35°; range, 20°-50°) at followup. A painless hip was achieved in 26 of 33 hips at followup. An incomplete transiliac osteotomy can be performed after skeletal maturity, resulting in a painless and stable hip in the majority of patients. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


The study of mistakes in Maya and, with certain evidence as well, in Mixtec and Nahua written sources, has entered a new stage when F. Lounsbury's study "A Palenque King and the Planet Jupiter" (1989: 246-259, esp. 246-248) appeared by opening a new subfield of Mayanist and Mexicanist research, which I've named "mistakology" in private use. Before, mistakes were recognized and just corrected as "writer's errors", since, it is obvious that mistakes --often, if not ever- are intended and meaningful and their ideas have to be analysed. Evidence for this is accumulating, and this especially from the study of Codex Madrid (CM) (Jungel, 1991 & 1992), where countless mistakes are what has lead Mayanists to underrate the reliability of this document.


— One can get dielectric constant tensor in the vacuum UV range — 3 to 35 eV — either by électron energy loss experiment or by optical réflectance measurement. Trying to explain some discrepiancies between thèse two techniques, we discuss the interest of each of them and we apply the electronic method to study some lamellar semiconductors crystals : uniaxial (GaS-GaSe G»)-InSe) and biaxial (As2S3). Anisotropy of thèse compounds is of M0S2' type and weakest thah thèse of graphite and boron nitride. Expérimental results show two groups of interband transitions.


The present invention is 5-substituted in the control of pests - alkyl aminopyrazole derivative formula (I) [Formula 1] (Wherein each symbol is as defined herein) a compound or a salt thereof, the novel 5-substituted - alkyl aminopyrazole derivatives and agrochemical compositions, and to their preparation.


We prove that the Voevodsky motive with Z-coefficients (resp. Q-coefficients) of aZ-acylic (resp. Q-acyclic) smooth complex variety of dimension 6 2 is isomorphic to that of a point and discuss some related extensions.


The aim of this article is to examine the change in behavior between CO 2 emissions and the world economic growth in the years 2013 and 2014 which may represent decoupling, and, thus,  contribute to the debate on alternative forms of reducing greenhouse effect. We established the 1990-2014 period as time axis because it presents two inflections in the growth curve of global CO 2 emissions: one associated with the 2008 world crisis; and the other starting in 2013, discussed in this article. We selected six countries: the United States, Japan, Brazil, China, India, and Russia. In common, they share the same amount of CO 2 emissions in world production. As a result, we identified changes related to the vectors gross domestic product and global CO 2 emissions, favoring gas emissions reduction, as behavioral reflection of these two variables in the investigated countries which, if confirmed, points to structural changes between these two variables.


The present invention discloses a method for processing fruit and sausage, sausage field belongs. Prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-110 pork parts, parts 3-5 candied apples, pears parts 3-5, 0.5-1 parts of fresh orange peel, 2.5 parts liquor, salt 2.5-2.8 parts, 3-4 parts of sugar, sodium nitrite 0.08 parts. The advantages are: preserved pork sausage sausage only to retain the traditional style, but also fruit fragrance. For the sausage adds a new breed, and rich in vitamins and nutrients.


Oral implant research inspired by the principles of bone regeneration. Osseointegration of dental implants and the process of graft consolidation depend on the regenerative capacity of the alveolar bone. There is a recognized need to enhance the process of bone regeneration particularly in patients with a compromised healing capacity. The design and development of therapeutics must consequently integrate the basic elements of bone regeneration but also physiological determinants including age and clinical condition, such as diabetes and osteoporosis. This presentation will show cases how the underlying principles of bone regeneration have inspired our research efforts to achieve this goal. Addressed will be our work on preclinical models, growth factors, cell therapy, and bone substitutes.


Objective To investigate the factors of the image outside of the actual radiation field in digital radiography and reduce the dose patient received,and to carry out the optimization of radiation protection.Methods Factors caused image outside of actual radiation field in digital radiography and the source of X-ray were studied,and the uniformity between the direction field and the actual radiation field was compared.With additional light chopper,the thickness of the light chopper was increased to reduce the X-ray leakage.The self-made adjustable light chopper was used for the X-ray shielded experiment.Results The image outside of the actual radiation field was neither the signal which remained in the FPD after the last exposure,nor the result of the X-ray leakage from mismatched collimator.The image outside of the actual radiation field was the product of scattered radiation.Conclusion The image outside of the actual X-ray field is produced by the scattered radiation that is in the same direction of primary radiation detected by the high sensitive FPD.With the self-made adjustable light chopper closed to the patients,the scattered X-ray can be shielded,the dose patient received can be reduced,and the image outside of the actual X-ray field can be reduced.


We consider a basic one-dimensional model which allows to obtain a diversity of diffusive regimes whose speed depends on the moments of a per-site trapping time. This models a discrete subordinated random walk, closely related to the continuous time random walks widely studied in the literature. The model we consider lends itself to a detailed elementary treatment, based on the study of recurrence relation for the time-[Formula: see text] dispersion of the process, making it possible to study deviations from normality due to finite time effects.


A bearing structure for a rotary member includes a rotary shaft provided in the rotary member, a flange formed at an end portion of the rotary shaft, the flange having a portion projecting radially outward from the rotary shaft, a shaft end portion projecting from the rotary shaft longitudinally outward beyond the flange, a lubricant filling hole formed in the shaft end portion, and a bearing supporting the rotary member rotatably about the rotary shaft. The bearing includes a recess capable of accommodating the shaft end portion and a wall portion with which the flange is placed in contact.


We demonstrate charge-mediated and non-volatile control of anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) in a dilute magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)(As,P) with an integrated polymer ferroelectric gate. The persistent electric field associated with switchable polarization in the ferroelectric layer is shown to be capable of strongly modulating the AMR magnitude. Furthermore, ferroelectric gate switching has a profound impact on the nature of AMR, changing the symmetry of the effect and enhancing/suppressing the crystalline component of AMR. Thus, in addition to a rather weak modulation of the ferromagnetic Curie temperature (4-5 K) reported previously, the ferroelectric gate can induce a strong deterministic switching of the magnetotransport anisotropy.


Biomass gasification-catalytic liquid fuel (Biomass-to-Liquid: BTL) synthesis is one of promising processes. BTL is advocated to be widely introduced in near future (by 2030) by Japanese government. BTL synthesis is now R&D stage in Japan and its development is urgently required. We have been studying the gasification of biomass using an entrained-flow type gasifier and clarifying the suitable conditions for synthesizing liquid fuels in the joint researches with companies and universities organized by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) biomass projects, those are, methanol synthesis in a 2 ton/day scale test plant, bio-LPG synthesis and bio-jet fuel synthesis. We introduce and overview woody and herbaceous biomass gasification and BTL synthesis using an entrained-flow gasifier in Japan.