In March 1921, the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) wrestled with setting monetary policy during a severe economic contraction, called by many a depression. FRB members disagreed over whether to respond to the depression, and if so, how. The depression had sparked a crisis of purpose and policy within the FRB. For the past six years, FRB leaders had been trying to get the Treasury to allow the Federal Reserve (Fed) to pursue "orthodox" monetary policies; but the Treasury had demanded that the Fed implement policies that would support America's war effort. The depression also stoked intense criticism of the Fed from Progressives, Populists, labor, socialists, veterans, and farmers, who charged that the Fed caused the depression, and were now agitating for change. The FRB leaders confronted questions that seemed likely to shape the Fed for years to come. What should be the Fed's role in the American economy? How should the Fed help resolve World War I's debt burden and the resulting inflation? What reforms, if any, should the monetary authorities seek? Perhaps most importantly, was the "orthodoxy" of established practices still appropriate in the world that had emerged from the war? This case set has been taught successfully in Darden in-person and online classes. Excerpt UVA-F-1890 Rev. Aug. 7, 2020 The Depression of 1920–1921 and the Return to "Orthodoxy" (A) In early April 1921, the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) in Washington, DC, wrestled with setting monetary policy in the context of a severe economic contraction, called by many a "depression." Members of the FRB (see Exhibit1) disagreed over whether to respond to the depression, and if so, how. The new US president, Warren G. Harding, inaugurated on March 4, 1921, seemed likely to bring new policy to the federal government, but offered no guidance. The depression had sparked a crisis of purpose and policy within the FRB. For the past six years, its governor, William P. G. Harding, and the governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Benjamin Strong, had argued bitterly with officials of the Treasury Department. William Harding and Strong had wanted the Treasury to allow the Federal Reserve (Fed) to pursue "orthodox" monetary policies, but the Treasury had demanded that the Fed implement policies that would support America's war effort. The depression also stoked intense criticism of the Fed from without. Progressives, Populists, labor, socialists, veterans, and farmers had charged that the Fed caused the depression. Now, these same groups agitated for change. . . .


Sewage pollution is an increasing problem in tropical marine environments. In this revlew we synthesize present knowledge of the effects of sewage pollution on coral-reef communities, and suggest directions for future research. A wide range of sewage impacts on coral-reef communities has been reported. Little or no impact has been observed on some reefs in well-flushed waters that receive small quantities of effluent, whereas large d~scharges of effluent into poorly-flushed lagoons and bays have caused major changes in species composition and abundance. The 3 components of sewage effluent most detrimental to coral communities are nutrients, sediments, and toxic substances. Nutrient enrichment by sewage effluent may enhance benthic algal biomass and primary product~on in the water column. Increased primary production in the water column favors benthic filter-feeding invertebrates which, with the benthic algae, may out-compete corals and other reef-building organisms. Anthropogenic inputs of dissolved nutrients and organic particulate matter may also depress oxygen levels. While heavy sediment loads on corals may be lethal, lesser quantities may inhibit growth, cause changes in the growth forms of colonies, decrease coral cover, alter species composition of reef-building organisms, and inhibit coral recruitment. Toxic substances may induce metabolic changes in corals, decrease rates of growth and reproduction, or reduce viability of corals. Although further research is needed on all three major components of sewage effluent, the most critical need is for comprehensive, long-term studies of sewage impacts. The combined effects of particulate and toxic substances are especially poorly documented at this time.


Abstract This study tests the relative efficacy of different types of information messages on customers' willingness to pay half of the regular daily entrance price and purchase a half-priced 'Texas Conservation Passport' (TCP). A sample of 4,093 was selected through mail survey. The experimental design used in this study was an extension of the Posttest-Only Control Group Design that included one control message and three treatment messages. Out of two hypotheses built by the author, one hypothesis that asked whether respondents had willingness to pay half price for a TCP after the four information messages were provided, was rejected, while the other hypothesis was not rejected. Thus, results of this study partially confirmed the effects of information messages on consumers' decision making.


Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the prominent determinants that controls the growth of one country both directly and indirectly. Though FDI is well known to exerts positive impact in economic productivity, there is several factors that control the impact of FDI towards economic growth which can also be called absorptive capacity. Hence, in order to understand the relationship between FDI and economic growth in Malaysia, this research paper conceptualized the relationship between FDI and economic growth with the presence of absorptive capacity as the moderating variables which consists of human capital, financial development, and trade openness. These variables encapsulate the relationship between FDI and economic growth in the overall economic environment. This paper included a comprehensive literature searching of FDI, economic growth and absorptive capacity in the Scopus database for the year 2014 until 2018. The current method used for the paper review is the PRISMA flow diagram. Therefore, the conclusions explained the relationship between FDI and economic growth, which then can be tested in empirical studies. This paper brings significant contributions to the literature of the area of study, whereas exploring the intervention of absorptive capacity on the relationship between FDI and economic growth and the visualisation framework can explain the relationship of it. Plus, this research paper serves as a reference for policy makers and FDI investor to gain positive economic advantages.


Background: Patient‐controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) has been found to be an effective method for pain relief during labour and after surgery. The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of bupivacaine–fentanyl PCEA and continuous epidural infusion with the same mixture for treatment of pain after total knee arthroplasty.


A simple, rapid, accurate, precise, specific and economical spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol in combined soft gelatin capsule dosage form has been developed. It employs formation and solving of simultaneous equation using two wavelengths 224.0 nm and 248.0 nm. This method obeys Beer's law in the employed concentration ranges of 4-14 μg /mL and 2-12 μg/mL for Ibuprofen and Paracetamol, respectively. Results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies.


Background:  The COVID-19 pandemic has made periodonsia clinical learning in dentistry professional students Jenderal Soedirman University become less optimal because it was implemented online according to government directions. Optimization of periodonsia clinical learning needs to be done so that learning outcomes can still be achieved even in limited conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives : To determine the effectiveness of optimization periodonsia clinical learning which is implemented online. Methods: This reserach is a quasi experimental with a pretest posttest research design. The participants in this research were dentistry professional students which amounted to 18 people. The pretest and posttest scores were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and Wilcoxon signed ranks. Results: The optimization periodonsia clinical learning program consists of 4 activities which include: (1) Explanation clinical periodonsia learning modules, (2) Explanation SOP for clinical periodonsia  procedures, (3) Video presentation of clinical periodonsia procedures, (4) Implementation of case studies regarding the clinical periodonsia procedures. The mean pretest score was 47.72 and the mean posttest score was 98.44. The data showed an increase in the value of 106.28%. Conclusion: The optimization of periodonsia clinical learning program is effective in helping dentistry professional students Jenderal Soedirman University during the online learning process


This paper presents a theoretical investigation of an all-optical switch by using a Mach–Zehnder racetrack resonator. The switch can realize nonlinear optical switching between steady ON/OFF states at about 200 microwatt low threshold over a wide wavelength range. The finesse of the racetrack resonator is adjustable by controlling the coupling ratio of the Mach–Zehnder coupler. Some undesirable effects are discussed. Attenuation, group delay and partial coherence result in a switching power increase and an extinction ratio reduction. Optical bistability and instability do not limit the practical applications of the device in optical switching. A desired tradeoff between bandwidth/response time and switching power can be obtained by adjusting the finesse. Picosecond ultrafast optical switching is predicted.


Road network system experienced rapid upgrowth since ages ago and it started developing in Malaysia during the colonization of British due to its significant impacts in transportation field. Flexible pavement, the major road network in Malaysia, has been deteriorating by various types of distresses which cause descending serviceability of the pavement structure. This paper discusses the pavement condition assessment carried out in Sarawak and Sabah, Malaysia to have design solutions for flexible pavement failures. Field tests were conducted to examine the subgrade strength of existing roads in Sarawak at various failure locations, to assess the impact of subgrade strength on pavement failures. Research outcomes from field condition assessment and subgrade testing showed that the critical causes of pavement failures are inadequate design and maintenance of drainage system and shoulder cross fall, along with inadequate pavement thickness provided by may be assuming the conservative value of soil strength at optimum moisture content, whereas the exiting and expected subgrade strengths at equilibrium moisture content are far below. Our further research shows that stabilized existing recycled asphalt and base materials to use as a sub-base along with bitumen stabilized open graded base in the pavement composition may be a viable solution for pavement failures.


Abstract An American kestrel and barn owl were captured and eaten by red-tailed hawks during two separate encounters on San Clemente Island, California. There are few reports in the literature documenting red-tailed hawks taking other raptors as food items. These depredation events are likely rare, with one occurrence caused by human disturbance.


The present study aims to know what is unknowable in the tableau economique in particular and what is undecidable on the fundamental propositions of the physical science of political economy in general, of which francois quesnay himself is the founder. When considering every problem of political economy as a semantic problem of the language, the study of the history of scientific thought necessarily leads to that of the words, the reflexion on which has traditionally constituted the sole object of philology and of philosophy. Using a technique of computational lexicology, the present author investigates the meanings and the role of the major lemmata in the axiomatic construction of the physiocratic system. From this point of view, the name of the political economy itself then appears to be an oxymoron two elements of knowledge hardly commensurable if not purely contradictory. An oikos (house) is not a polis (state). What is proper to myself only (proprietas) cannot be what belongs to ourselves as a whole (res publica). Economics should therefore be a science of a-polity, if politics had to be a science of an-economy. Here arises the impossibility of the geometria situs pictured in the tableau economique, which is in fact the only and the best schema capable of showing by demonstratio ad absurdum the antinomy between private vices and public benefits, between the liberty of money and the equality of bread, and between one which is the individual and all which is the state although composed of the same individuals.


We present a case study of two black-box testing techniques. We compare constraint logic programming with symbolic transition systems. Both techniques generate automatically test cases out of the specification of an algorithm. After our case study we decided to design an algorithm to improve the technique using symbolic transition systems with a way to generate test cases automatically based on a coverage criterion. Because we do black-box testing and we have no access to the implementation of the algorithm, we apply this coverage criterion to the specification. Our algorithm attempts to cover all states of the symbolic transition system that models the specification of the algorithm. This task is complicated due to nondeterminism and symbolic constraints in the model. We use an external constraint solver to solve these constraints. We try to simplify them as much as possible because constraint solvers only have limited power and often use a great amount of computational resources.


While Goode's commentary has ably demonstrated the utility of the concept of the homosexual role, it has not come to terms with Whitam's remarks (1977) about the importance of sexual preference. Whitam gave several examples of males who clearly had a preference for sexual relations with other males but who did not have knowledge of or contact with a gay community (1977, pp. 5; 7). I agree with Whitam that such males should be conceptualized as having a "homosexual preference." Although the gay community does not "cause" the sexual preference in the Elrst place for such cases, the social norms distinct to the gay community, including the expectations surrounding the homosexual role, certainly do have effects on the behavior of those who frequent gay places. As mentioned previously (Omark, 1978), Whitam (1977) did not distinguish between sexual object preference and sexual orientation identity. He subsequently asserted (1978, p. 275) that self-identity as a gay male could emerge along with the homosexual preference, without any contact with the gay community. His examples do not show this, and his assertion is absurd. In the role theory perspective, a social identity (such as gay male) is directly connected with the corresponding social role. One may have many identities (e.g., gay male, insurance salesman, golfer, son, etc.), each of which is limited in salience by the frequency of participation in places where the role can appropriately be enacted and where a suitable audience can be found which is willing to respond to the role enactment by conElrming the presented identity (Goffman, 1959; cf. William James, 1890, p. 294). A gay community in a large metropolis which has a territorially delimited neighborhood and many gay social institutions and gay places can more easily encapsulate a gay member's activities and


Autoimmune hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease is the most common form of thyroid hyperfunction in iodine-sufficient areas. Ultimately, it is caused by autoantibodies that interact with the thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) receptors on thyroid follicular cells – i.e. the TSH-receptor antibody (TRAb) – and thereby cause uncontrolled stimulation of thyroid function and growth.1 Currently, pathogenic treatments to prevent the cause of the disease are not available. For this reason, current therapies for Graves' hyperthyroidism either destroy the sick thyroid (thyroidectomy, radioiodine therapy) or control hyperthyroidism by drugs (thionamides) while waiting for spontaneous disease remission.2 It is beyond the scope of this short article to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of ablative versus non-ablative treatments.


The competitive environment forces producers in agricultural machine industry to decrease the costs. Producers as well as sub-suppliers need to find possible savings. The paper presents results of laboratory experiments with real journal bearings made of bimetallic alloy performed to find out possible replacement of a rolling bearing by a journal bearing. An important correlation between the results of laboratory experiments with a model of tribological system and the real journal node can be achieved by a maximum approach of simulation features by real running conditions. Thus, the given experiment conditions result from the chosen application, i.e. a steering servo unit in mobile machines. The experiments were performed on the Tribotestor M'06'' testing machine.


8585^ Background: POM + LoDEX has shown significant clinical activity in RRMM pts including those refractory to lenalidomide and bortezomib. Renal impairment is a common comorbidity for MM pts, occurring in > 40%. POM is extensively metabolized with less than 5% renally eliminated as parent drug. Thus, renal function may not substantively affect parent drug exposure. Previous POM trials excluded pts with severe renal impairment. MM-008 is a phase 1, multicenter, open-label study designed to assess the PK and safety of POM + LoDEX in RRMM pts and normal or impaired renal function. Methods: RRMM pts (≥ 1 prior therapy [Tx]) with creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≥ 60 ml/min (cohort A) or severe renal impairment (CrCl 75 y) D1, 8, 15, and 22. Cohort C will assess pts...


In this article there is a list of noctuid moths (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE, NOCTUINAE) harmful for agriculture. These species can be divided into two groups: the first group that is harmful for melons (vegetable) and technical (tobacco) plants, and the second group harmful for grain plants. There is a list of rare and disappearing species of noctuid moths as well as a new species of noctuid moth for Russia at the end of the article.


Hongji Yang is Leader of SERG at the Software Technology Research Laboratory at De Montfort University, UK. He serves in the Department of Computer Technology. His research interests include software engineering and distributed computing. He teaches Software Architecture and Software Evolution. He served as a programme co-chair at IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance 1999 and as programme chair at IEEE Computer Software and Application Conference 2002.


The annihilation contribution to the masses of the J/sup P/C = 0/sup - +/ isoscalars is calculated in the bag model. The resultant mass shift for the eta' is large and positive. For ..cap alpha../sub s/ = 1.15 we obtain m/sub eta/ = 0.53 GeV and m/sub etaprime/ = 0.965 GeV, leading to a good description of pseudoscalar masses within the model.


Techniques for Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer deposition at high surface pressures and with minimum deformation have been studied by measurement of the resultant defect densities in a metal-monolayer-metal cell.


This chapter seeks to describe and analyze the use of portfolios for learning and assessment purposes in the context of teacher education, development, and professionalism. The associated process issues and related implications for curriculum and pedagogy are also discussed. Examples are drawn from international contexts where the creative space and research opportunities exist to explore alternative and authentic approaches to assessment and learning.


"Judicial Centralism" has no doubt significant and profound influence on detective work. Public security investigation departments must adapt themselves to the transformation by renewing their ideas, grasping the contents of the doctrine and abandoning traditional methods carried out in the detection work. Moreover, the detectives need to get acquainted with the systems contained in the doctrine and use them to guide their detection work so as to improve their work efficiency. At the same time, detection will be shaped and enhanced in character through the exercise of judicial power by judges in court. through the court, the judge in the exercise of jurisdiction shape detection quality, build the investigat ion of civilizat ion.


An examination of the Federal Reserve's Fedwire Funds Transfer service reveals that the highest concentration of funds-transfer value occurs in the late afternoon. The authors attribute this activity peak to attempts by banks (and their customers) to coordinate payment timing more closely. By synchronizing payments, banks can take advantage of incoming funds to make outgoing payments - especially during periods of heavy payment traffic. Conversely, during off-peak times, banks must rely more on account balances or overdrafts to fund payments, which increases the cost of making payments. For this reason, banks time their payments to coincide with an activity peak, thereby reinforcing the peak.


y _ 3jl "3 The measurement of beam profiles using optical detectors SR ( 1 4nR (3) is widespread. This paper reviews the various optical techniques employed in the community and points out the for the case where h, the wavelength of the light. is much advantages and disadvantages for each one, illustrated by longer than the critical wavelength. This is usually the case f or practical examples including experience with systems at the visible wavelengths. Note that YsK is the same in both planer, ' Daresbury SRS. Fundamental imaging limitations will be Lens discussed together with calibration methods. A


OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP) inhibitor GM6001 in neuroprotection against pneumococcal meningitis.METHODS The experiment was divided into a short-term experiment for 2 d and a long-term experiment for 14 d,which was divided into normal control,meningitis model,ceftriaxone and ceftriaxone+GM6001 groups.A meningitis model was induced by intracisternal injection with 1 μl Streptococcus pneumoniae.Rats in coftriaxone group were sc given ceftriaxone 100 mg·kg-1 at 24 h after model induction,and rats in coftriaxone+GM6001 group were sc given ceftriaxone 100 mg·kg-1 and ip given GM6001 65 mg·kg-1 for 2 d.Symptoms of rats were observed.MMP-9 activity was detected by SDS-PAGE.Their brain was weighed by electrolight analytical balance.Morphologic changes in cortical and hippocampal neurons were observed with HE staining.Semiquantitative analysis of cortical and hippocampal neurons was carried out using Nissl stain.The spacial memory was examined by Morris water maze in rats.RESULTS During the short-term experiment,compared with normal control group,the symptom score and MMP-9 activity in meningitis model and ceftriaxone groups increased from 0 to 5.0±0.24,2.1±0.52 and from 35.7±24.1 to 1264.1±98.5,602.5±48.3,respectively(P0.01).After ceftriaxone+GM6001 for 2 d,the symptom score decreased to 1.3±0.23(P0.01),subarachnoid space was enlarged and filled with granulocytes and subarachnoid vessels marked dilation in meningitis model group.Arrangement of cortical and hippocampal neurons was in disordery,in obvious loss of hippocampal and cortical neurons was observed in meningitis model group.Compared with normal control group,the cell number of hippocampus and cortex in model group was siginificantly decreased(P0.01).Compared with model group(97±23,129±21),the cell number of hippocampus and cortex in ceftriaxone+GM6001 group increased to 125±18 and 157±24,respectively(P0.01).Compared with normal control gorup,brain water contents in model group increased from(45.9±1.6)% to(49.2±1.2)%(P0.01).After ceftriaxone+GM6001 for 2 d,brain water contents decreased to(47.2±1.3)%(P0.01).During the long-term experiment,compared with normal control group,the latency to the platform in model group,was significantly prolonged from 22.8±5.5 to(48.7±9.3)s(P0.01).Compared with model group,mean latency to the platform was shorter 42.8±5.5 and(39.5±7.6) s in ceftriaxone and ceftriaxone+GM6001groups(P0.05).CONCLUSION GM6001 attenuates cerebral edema,lessens neuronal death and improves learning ability of rats,thus GM6001 may be neuroprotective for rats with pneumococcal meningitis.


A processor (108), is configured from a scene (202) acquires an RFID data (124) associated with the captured image data (302) for a desired scene (202). It may be associated display (304) to the user, so that the user can use to select the image data (306) to interact with (308) of RFID data.


Prior empirical evidence on executive compensation and risk taking remained inconclusive. Most of these researches failed to adequately consider the endogenous relationship between compensation and risk. Furthermore, most studies focused on the US non-financial firm perhaps because US CEOs have received the highest level of compensation but lately the trends has shifted to other countries including the UK as well. I investigate whether higher executive compensation is related to greater riskier corporate decision in UK firms incorporating an additional measure of compensation referred to as Total wealth. CEO's total wealth represents the accumulated equity linked compensation, which had already been received by CEOs over the years in the firm; this variable has not be considered due to unavailability of data. It is important to measure total wealth because executives will have greater incentive to ensure that the value of their accumulated equity earnings (total wealth) over time goes up and could therefore take more risk. I used panel data to control for unobservable heterogeneity in contracting environment of firms, and fixed effect two stage least square regressions to deal with endogeneity. I examine the relationship using six measure of compensation and two instruments (CEO age and CEO experience). The sample include both financial and non-financial firms over the period 1999 to 2017 analysed separately. Results support my hypothesis of positive and increasing relationship between all forms of compensation including total wealth and riskier corporate decisions (leverage and R&D) in both financial and non-financial firm. In addition, the level of pay measured by the proportion of each forms of compensation in total compensation matters as higher equity and higher salary reduces risk taking in non-financial firms and financial firms respectively.


The present work is a natural continuation of the previous paper arXiv:0911.5597. In this work, within the scope of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle, a model of the high energy deformation for a particular case of Einstein's equations is developed. In the process a thermodynamic description of General Relativity is used. And the deformation is understood as an extension of a particular theory by inclusion of one or several additional parameters in such a way that the initial theory appears in the limiting transition. The possibility for the high energy deformation of Einstein's equations within the scope of both equilibrium thermodynamics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics is examined


A four years retrospective study from April 1, 2007 to March 31, 2011, was conducted to analyze the pattern and magnitude of maxillofacial trauma in medico-legal cases coming to the casualty of Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, a rural area of Punjab. The study revealed that out of 1237 medico-legal cases 130 (10.5%) suffered maxillofacial trauma. The commonest age group prone to maxillofacial injury was between 16–30 years. Male preponderance was quiet evident (6: 1). The commonest cause of such injuries was road traffic accident including 83.1% of the total cases. Soft tissue was the most common type of maxillofacial trauma (52.3%). Most common bones involved were nasal bone and mandible (18.5% each) and the commonest associated injury was involvement of limbs (30.0%). Most common weapon involved was blunt (90.8%). Drawing public attention and awareness towards the traffic rules especially use of helmets by the motorcyclists and separation of pedestrians from motor vehicles could possibly reduce the number of maxillofacial trauma cases.


Putri IASLP. 2016 Handicraft of butterflies and moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in Bantimurung Nature Recreation Park and its implications on conservation. Biodiversitas 17: 823-831. The abundance of butterflies in Bantimurung Nature Recreation Park of Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia provides economic benefits to the community through butterfly's handicrafts trading. This study aims to determine local species of commodified butterfly that are traded in various forms of craft and its implications for the conservation of butterflies. The study was conducted through the direct identification of butterfly species which are sold as crafts or deposited directly by the catchers to collectors. Data of commodified butterfly were collected using direct interviews. Data were analyzed by descriptive quantitative and qualitative. The results showed that there are 142 species of butterfly which are traded in the period of 2010-2015. The seller participants on butterfly handicrafts consist of the butterfly catchers, middlemen, craftsmen, stall employee, stall employers, and street vendors. The buyer participants consist of local tourists, tourists from outside district/province, traders from outside district/province, buyers from overseas and scientists or butterfly collectors. The butterfly price range was in between Rp. 500.00-Rp. 150,000.00/head at collectors' level. The butterfly selling prices increased up to Rp. 7,500.00-Rp. 1,000,000.00 when they were processed into various souvenirs forms. Considering that there were so many traded butterfly souvenirs in the market, it raised an impression that there were more butterflies trapped for souvenir than free-living butterfly escaped from the trap. Commodification of butterflies needs to be regulated by setting the butterflies harvesting quota based on population in nature, sex, season and age (especially for female butterfly), accompanied by socializing rules of law, increasing public awareness about the importance of conservation butterflies, and creating new jobs for the people who depend on the butterflies trading.


This paper suggests studying the relations between the EU and China through a Cold War analysis framework. It challenges the assumption that the latter has become obsolete in an international system (re)shaped by interdependence. Rather, the Cold War experience can prove to be useful to determine the EU's position within the emerging Sino-US duopoly and to assess the strategic implications of China's engagement in the EU's 5G networks.


Advanced tourist information systems should offer more than relatively static information about sights and places. Instead, semantically rich information about sights should be delivered to the mobile users. Furthermore, tourists should not be overwhelmed by a stream of superfluous data that are unrelated to their interest, location, and knowledge of a place. Personalization of the information delivery to each traveler, together with their travel history, is therefore crucial. This article presents the major design issues of the personalized Tourist Information Provider (TIP). TIP is a combination of an event-based system (EBS) and a location-based service (LBS) applied to a mobile environment. We discuss the lessons learned from developing its kernel using a semantic network of sight-related information and considering the travelers' interest and travel route, with emphasis on modeling decisions and their impact on the final system.


PURPOSE: The hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is considered for patients who are non-responsive to first intention treatments. This process can last between 4-6 weeks and requires complete isolation of the child. Intensive chemotherapy is given to suppress completely the immune system before transplant. Past studies have reported major motor-developmental and growth deficiencies post-transplant. In this case study we evaluate the feasibility, adherence and effect of physical activity (PA) before, during and after an HSCT process. METHODS: Physical capacities, quality of life (QoL) and the daily PA level were evaluated for the 6 yrs. old male subject, 2 months after a diagnosis of a Burkitt Lymphoma stage III. For one-year, PA sessions were offered to the subject twice a week for 5-30 min, at intensities between 4-6 on the Borg Scale. We reassessed the subject after one-year. RESULTS: The subject participated 67% of the sessions. Eleven sessions during pre-transplant, 26 during transplant and 4 after treatment completion. The main reason for cancellation was ―schedules‖ (32%). His height did not increase but his body masse increased by 2 kg. The total scoring results from the PedsQL cancer questionnaire increased by 6% for the subject and by 9% for the proxy. The ankle ROM increased by 18°. The vertical jump test increased by 14 cm and the hand grip test increased by 9 kg. Due to the poor physical condition of the child, we were not able to perform the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) prior to transplant. Thought, the one-year assessment revealed that the subject was able to reach 90% of his predicted VO2max for this test. The level of daily PA diminished after HSCT (<30min/day), but the active transportation time doubled (90 min-180min/day) and the sedentary activity time was diminished by more than half (172min-65min/day). No major adverse event occurred during this study. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity was safe and feasible before, during and after the HSCT. We could observe positive results on the child's physical capacities, quality of life and daily PA levels. Larger studies evaluating the long-term effect of PA before, during and after HSCT are needed to conclude on the possible late effects it may have on physical and psychological aspects.


Herein, fishbone-like poly(methyl eleostearate) (PME) plasticizer with high biobased content of near 90% was developed for the production of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) by the green cationic polymerization of biobased monomer methyl eleostearate (ME) using renewable coconut oil as solvent, rather than the traditional alkyl halides with toxicity and volatility. The microstructure of PME was investigated by multiple technologies, and the results show that the favored microstructure of PME is the 9,10-unit because of the lower surface electrostatic potential and average local ionization energy near the double bond at C9 and C10. The acute toxicity test of PME shows that it is biologically safe and nontoxic. The effect of content of PME and the commercial plasticizer bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP) on the performance of plasticized PVC was investigated. When the weight ratio of PME and DOP is fixed at 1:1, PVC film presents higher stretchability (604.7% vs 309.1%) and enhanced strength (21.0 MPa vs ...


By the examination , the author finds that the students doing the relaxing exercise with Chinese Daoying have a faster recover than those who do relaxing exercise with general type .


[Objective] The aim was to study the leaf yields of alfalfa(Medicago sativa) with different planting densities.[Method] With alfalfa Gongnong 1 as tested material,the treatments with 5 planting densities were set up to study the effect of planting density on the leaf yield of alfalfa.[Result] Under different planting densities,all the 5 characters of the branch number of unit area,leaf number,stem weight,leaf weight and hay yield of alfalfa changed to different extents in the same cutting stage and the whole year,and there was significant difference between some density treatments.The branch number of unit area,leaf number,stem weight,leaf weight and hay yield of alfalfa were all the maximum or the highest in treatment Density A(20 cm×20 cm),which were 855 branches/m2,42 253 leaves/m2,698.88,464.55 and 1 163.43 g/m2 resp.The correlative analysis showed that the branch number of unit area,leaf number,stem weight and hay yield of alfalfa all had a linear positive correlation with leaf weight of unit area,and the contribution size to the leaf growth yield was followed by the order as: hay yield,stem weight,leaf number and branch number.[Conclusion] Among the 5 planting densities,the leaf yield was highest in the treatment with Density A,and the next was the treatment with Density B(30 cm × 30 cm).


Aqueous solutions of 3 times recrystallized Ea were allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 to 2 days with HC1 between pH 1.5 and 2.3. Depending upon the acidity, from 25 to 75% of the Ea was denatured. The DnEa was precipitated by adding NaOH until the isoelectric range, pH 5.2 to 5.4, was reached. Three additional reprecipitations usually sufficed to remove unchanged Ea. The precipitate was dispersed in water, dissolved at pH 7, and allowed to stand in the cold for 4 to 5 days after which it was more stable to physiological concentrations of NaCl. Reversion to Ea did not take place. Three preparations which differed in appearance and solubility in water at pH 7 were found to remove, per mg of DnEa N, the same amount of N from a calibrated anti-DnEa serum. The reaction between DnEa and its homologous antibody is similar to that between Ea and anti-Ea. 1 The cross-reactions between anti-Ea and DnEa and between anti-DnEa and Ea differ greatly from both homologous reactions and from each other, as shown in Fig. 1. A study of the chemical and physical properties of Ea denatured in various ways and a correlation of these properties with the immuno-logical findings is now in progress. Previous work in this field appears to have been confined to a preliminary note by Wu, TenBroeck, and Li, 2 the studies of Flosdorff and Chambers 3 and Blumenthal, 4 and the work of Porter and Pappenheimer, 5 and Landsteiner and Rothen 6 on surface-films.


In order to improve the accuracy of online learning platform recommendation for learner learning resources and to alleviate the cold start problem, this paper proposes an online learning resource recommendation method based on Wide&Deep and Elmo model. The method uses the real learning data set of a university network and educational learning platform, and uses Wide&Deep to deeply explore the deep features of learner characteristics and course content features under the condition of high-dimensional data sparseness, that is, automatic learning combination features, the learner-course feature vector is constructed as the input of the recommendation algorithm. In addition, for the learner's text feature, it will use the ELMo language model to pre-train the feature vector to improve the recommendation accuracy. CCS Concepts •Computing methodologies➝Cognitive science • Theory of computation➝Online learning algorithms


In this paper, considering the three-body interaction between the d bosons, a simple effective three-body potential is introduced into the IBM Hamiltonian, and its influence on the breaking of the O(6) symmetry is inve stigated. Also the energy spectra of even-even nuclei ~(196)Pt,~(134)Ba,~(192)Os,~(72-76)Ge and ~(124-130)Xe are calculated. The good fits with the experimental data are obtained.


Objectjve To analyze the reason for no embryo transfer after ovum pick-up(OPU) and its management in in-vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF-ICSI ) cycles. Methods A total of 142 cases of no embryo to transfer after OPU in IVF-ICSI cycles were analyzed for causes of canceled embryo transfer.Results Of the total of 2324 OPU cycles,no embryo to transfer occurred in 146 cycles(6.3%).Complete fertilization failure in conventional IVF contributed to no embryo to transfer in 61 cycles,accounting for 41.8%(61/146) of cycles with embryo transfer cancellation.Other reasons for no embryo to transfer included abnormal fertilization,empty follicle syndrome,failure of split of normal fertilized egg,poor quality of embryos after normal fertilization,and complete fertilization failure following ICSI,occurring at the rates of 20.5%(30/146),15.1%(22/146),8.9%(13/146),6.8%(10/146), 5.5%(8/146),and 1.4%(2/146),respectively.Compared with the concurrent 2178 cycles of embryo transfer,the 146 cycles with no embryo to transfer were associated with a significantly lower retrieved oocytes number,greater woman age,longer infertility duration and Gn days,and greater total Gn doses(P 0.05 ) Conclusion Embryo transfer cancellation after OPU in IVF/ICSI has complex causes,among which conventional IVF fertilization failure plays a dominant role.


Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic infection. The infection in humans occurs usually following either direct or indirect contact with the urine of an infected animals. The diverse clinical presentations of this disease make it essential for the laboratory to play an important role in diagnosis. We here presented a case who had fever, blurred consciousness, diarrhea, and urinary and fecal incontinence with increased blood CPK-MB and myoglobin levels and who had ultimately been diagnosed Leptospirosis. Leptospirosis should be thought as an etiology in patients with myopericarditis. It should be kept in mind that early diagnosis of leptospirosis and initiation of antibiotherapy without delay may save the patient's life and prevent the probable sequelaes. (Anatol J Clin Investig 2008:3(1):54-56).


With computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools allowing collaborations to span the globe, teams can include multiple collaborators located in different countries. Previous research shows how audio communication supplemented by video conferencing or text transcripts improves conversation grounding between native speakers (NS) and non-native speakers (NNS) in one-on-one multi-lingual collaborations. This research investigates how supplemental cues (video or real-time text transcripts) support NNSs' participation in multiparty audio conferences. We implemented a collaborative grounding task with triad groups of NS and NNS to investigate possible effects. We found that NNSs' task accuracy dropped significantly between video+audio trials. By comparison, NNSs' ability to understand common ground increased over trials in the text transcripts+audio condition. Our results demonstrate the difficulties of common ground establishment for NNS in multiparty collaborations and how the development of supporting tools for multilingual audio conferencing can aid NNSs? communication ability.


India has emerged as one of the youngest and fastest increasing economics in the world today. The Indian telecom sector that has shown the signs of effectiveness and contributed considerably to the country's economy. This is the technology that gives a person the power to communicate anytime, anywhere. This industry is taken to a higher lead due to the private and government sector players in this industry and the companies in this industry are also creation their share in the job market in India by offering a wide range of employment opportunities both under technical and under non-technical division as well. The study focuses on the customer satisfaction and loyalty towards prepaid and postpaid BSNL customers in Erode District. The respondents of the study are part of people of Erode District. The present study found that the customers of BSNL prepaid and post paid mobile customers absolutely had a brand loyalty and satisfied the services offered by the BSNL services in Erode District. INTRODUCTION India has become the fifth largest country in terms of telecommunications network in the world and the second largest among the economics of Asia. The telecom sector reforms were undertaken in three phases. The first phase began in the 80's, when private manufacturing of customer promise equipment was given go – ahead in 1984. An explosion of individual STD/ISD/PCO network also took place throughout the country by way of private individual franchises. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is an indian state owned telecommunications company headquartered in New Delhi, India. It was incorporated on 15 September 2000 and took over the business of providing of telecom services and network management from the previous Central Government Departments of Telecom Services (DTS) and Telecom Operations (DTO) with effect from 1 October 2000 on a going concern basis. It is the largest provider of fixed telephony largest broadband services provider with more than 60% market share and fourth largest mobile telephony provider in India. However in recent years the company's revenues and market share have plummeted into heavy losses due to intense competition in the Indian telecommunications sector. Maintaining an effective customer service program is one of the biggest challenges faced by managers in the current environment. Developing an effective customer service plan and instilling a commitment to it within the organization are very key to the management process. Therefore managers should always consider the impact of how an effective customer service plan can help them to meet their goals. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ANAND SHANKAR RAJA. M, T MAHESH KUMAR(2014) The researchers studied in depth to identify customer satisfaction of BSNL in Coimbatore among the consumers for its purpose data were collected by survey methods through questionnaire. This questionnaire contains the questions regarding the various aspects and reasons for choosing BSNL with a sample of 100 respondents from the city of Coimbatore. From their study they concluded that most of the customers are satisfied by the service provided by the BSNL. The dissatisfaction is mainly due to delay in the signals. If there are steps taken to resolve the problem the retention of customer will be more and this will satisfy most of the customers increasing value of the service KUMAR (2008), in their study titled "Customer Satisfaction and Discontentment vis-a-vis BSNL Landline Service: A Study" analyzed that at present, services marketing plays a major role in the national economy. In the service sector, telecom industry is the most active and attractive. Through the telecom industry is growing rapidly, India's telecom density is less than the world's average telecom density as most of India's market is yet to be covered. This attracts private operators to enter into the Indian telecom industry, which makes the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) more alert to run its business and survive in the market. SETH ET AL (2008), in their study titled "Managing the Customer Perceived Service Quality for Cellular Mobile Telephone: an Empirical Investigation" analyzed that there is relative importance of service quality attributes and showed that responsiveness is the most importance dimension followed by reliability, customer perceived network quality assurance,convenience,empathy and tangibles. This would enable the service providers to focus their resources in the areas of importance. The research resulted in the development of a reliable and valid instrument for assessing customer perceived service quality for cellular mobile services. JESSY JOHN (2011) in his study "An analysis on the customer loyalty in telecom sector: Special reference to Bharath Sanchar Nigam limited, India" concluded that, The purpose of this paper was to investigate the factors that influence customer loyalty of BSNL customers. Trustworthiness, relationship, image, value added services and inconvenience in switching phone no. were found to the key factors that influenced the loyalty of the BSNL customers. Even though the service provided by BSNL is very cost effective it is still losing its customer base. BSNL must look away from the issue of cost and must try to improve the network quality and the quality of customer services as per the expectations of the customers. New technologies and features are being introduced in mobile services like PDA, MP4, high mega pixel digital camera and others. BSNL need to update itself with respect to these technologies at the same time take the initiative to market itself as youth friendly as youth are the target universe of any mobile provider. At the same time initiatives should be taken to improve the functional


Abstract Self-rated health (SRH), an individual's assessment of their own health status, is associated with older adults' chronic and acute health conditions, as well as mortality. Assessments of SRH indicate individual's global health is likely multifaceted. Level of education, particularly amount of post-secondary schooling, is associated with better SRH. Other indices of socioeconomic status (SES) such as income and wealth, have varying associations with SRH partly dependent on relative deprivation (e.g. Gini Index). The current study utilized data from 2,500 members of the Project Talent Twin and Sibling (PTTS) Study interviewed as adolescents in 1960 and followed up 54 years later. In 2014, participants were, on average, 70 years of age. Women comprised about 54% of the sample. We examined rearing family wealth, years of education, and functional independence as mediators of variance in SRH. Mean-level results indicated small positive associations between SES and SRH. Activities of Daily Living (ADL) accounted for about a quarter of variance in SRH, with higher functional independence predicting better SRH. Biometric analyses indicated that family wealth had small mediation effects on SRH via familial-environment (S) influences. Education mediated individual-specific (E) environmental influences. Functional independence (measured by ADL) mediated SRH via both additive genetic (A) and E influences. After adjusting for overall effects of sex, age, and specified mediators, a large portion of remaining variation in SRH was due to individual-specific (E) environmental influences. Current results suggest complex underlying genetic and environmental mechanisms contributing to an older adult's assessment of their own health.


[1] In the paper ''Effect of solar variability on atmospheric moisture storage'' by Conrad Wasko and Ashish Sharma (Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L03703, doi:10.1029/2008GL036310) a mistake has been found in paragraph [6] on page 2, which reads as ''In the northern regions of Australia rainfall and atmospheric moisture content are strongly inversely proportional with correlation coefficients generally less than 0.50 and as low as 0.74. The opposite is observed in the southern regions of Australia with significant positive correlations,'' whereas it should have read ''In the southern regions of Australia rainfall and atmospheric moisture content are strongly inversely proportional with correlation coefficients generally less than 0.50 and as low as 0.70. The opposite is observed in the northern regions of Australia with significant positive correlations.'' GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 36, L15704, doi:10.1029/2009GL039124, 2009


Underwater videography enables marine researchers to collect enormous amounts of seagrass image data. This collection is fast and cheap but the manual analysis of such data is slow and expensive. Therefore, we propose a machine-learning approach for the automatic seagrass coverage estimation of the sea bottom. Our contribution is the investigation of CNN features to describe patches and superpixels of seagrass. CNN features are the activations of a specific layer in a deep convolutional neural network. We also provide the first public available dataset of seagrass images that can be used as a benchmark for automatic seagrass segmentation. Our best method achieves an accuracy of 94.5% for seagrass segmentation on the provided dataset. Our code and dataset is available on GitHub: https://enviewfulda.github.io/LookingForSeagrass/


Abstract Simulation results are presented for a design strategy that seeks to achieve inherent control and passive safety for liquid-metal advanced small modular reactors. The approach places an increased reliance on passive feedbacks to regulate plant operation. A reference liquid-metal reactor design is defined to serve as a baseline against which innovative design concepts can be compared with respect to operational performance. The definition assigns values to key plant parameters related to materials type, component data, system configuration (loop versus pool type), fuel cycle (burner versus breakeven versus breeder), and balance of plant. The reference design represents the state of the art of conventional fast reactor technology in terms of economics of electricity production, use of active control systems, and standard operation (e.g., refueling every 2 to 3 years). Innovative design features and associated control strategies are then investigated for reducing the size of upset imitators and for improving also the safety of the inherent response to the initiator. Initiators include failures of active systems and operator errors. At the same time the ability of the modified plant to meet normal grid demands subject to constraints on temperature rates of change is assessed. Results presented indicate that operational performance can be maintained while active system initiator size is reduced resulting in improved safety. Essentially, the innovations introduce inherent feedback mechanisms that serve to reduce the magnitude of the control action of the active control systems.


Asian salts and madecassic acid with pharmaceutically acceptable organic bases, characterized in that said bases are selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, lysine, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and tetramethylammonium hydroxide.


Free‐proton range ENDOR signals were studied in the case of an x‐ray irradiated polycrystalline sample of succinic acid. The line shape of the out‐of‐phase signal, which is believed to arise from the radical cluster with the lowest radical density, was found to be strongly deformed under an intense microwave field.


Nine gibbons (Hylobates lar) and one gibbon–siamang crossbreed were observed during exposure to their mirror images over two 30 min baseline condition periods (mirror off) and four 30 min treatment condition periods (mirror on). Greater frequencies and durations of gazing at the mirror and mirror‐contingent behaviors were noted during reflective conditions than for nonreflective conditions. Despite two subjects' apparent use of the mirror to view body parts otherwise not visible to them, no subjects passed a modified mark test. One subject exhibited limited aggressive displays toward the mirror, but no subjects exhibited abnormal behaviors in the presence of the mirror. The results expand on and confirm similar findings by Lethmate and Dücker [Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie 33:248–269, 1973. Am. J. Primatol. 45:307–311, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A slightly modified version of the Czech Wordnet. This is the version used to annotate "The Lexico-Semantic Annotation of PDT using Czech WordNet": http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-097C-0000-0001-487A-4

The Czech WordNet was developed by the Centre of Natural Language Processing at the Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.

The Czech WordNet captures nouns, verbs, adjectives, and partly adverbs, and contains 23,094 word senses (synsets). 203 of these were created or modified by UFAL during correction of annotations. This version of WordNet was used to annotate word senses in PDT: http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-097C-0000-0001-487A-4 A more recent version of Czech WordNet is distributed by ELRA: http://catalog.elra.info/product_info.php?products_id=1089


Some have maintained that we place too much weight on reaching the inflation target. Statements like this should be discussed in the light of what monetary policy can be used for and of the broad effects on the economy of various monetary policy objectives. Only when we have clarified our options, can we discuss whether the emphasis on the inflation target is "too great", "too little" or "just right". I hope to be able to offer some clarification today. I think it will also become clear that Norges Bank in its implementation of monetary policy consciously seeks to avoid unnecessary disturbances in the real economy.


A central concept of the American system of manufacture is that the parts of a mechanism, such as a gunlock, must be interchangeable. The theoretical advantages of interchangeability are fairly obvious: The product can be assembled by semiskilled help without fitting and filing, and repairs from stock parts or parts from salvaged guns can be made promptly and with a minimum of skill. When one looks carefully at the development of the American system, it becomes clear that attainment of interchangeability was a function of the precision required in the mechanism being produced and the market's desire for this feature. In the making of clocks, where the required level of precision was generally very low, it was readily attained. Interchangeability was attained with much difficulty in military muskets, where the level of precision was moderate and the government's desires to have it were furthered by basically unlimited resources.' Where the level of precision required was high and the market was


: Heating temperatures of 30–40°C and KCl concentrations of 0.1–0.5 M altered the denaturation mode of carp myofibrils. In 0.1 M KCl medium, heating temperature affected the denaturation of rod more significantly than of subfragment-1 (S-1), and a slow decrease in solubility at 30°C was accompanied by a slow denaturation of rod. KCl concentration at heating altered the denaturation mode differently at 30°C and 40°C. Increased KCl concentrations for heating reduced the rod denaturation rate at 40°C, but it was increased at 30°C. At concentrations above 0.3*Τ*M KCl, the denaturation rate for rod became identical to that for S-1 at both temperatures. Upon heating of chymotryptic digest of myofibrils, S-1 denaturation was similarly detected as in intact myofibrils, whereas practically no rod denaturation was detected. Thus, it was concluded that myosin structure connecting S-1 and rod has an important role in the denaturation process.


Two subspecies of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) can be found in southeast Europe: Fagus sylvatica ssp. sylvatica L. and Fagus sylvatica ssp. orientalis (Lipsky) Greut. & Burd. (Fagus orientalis Lipsky). In a previous study, based on genetic diversity patterns and morphological characters, indications of hybridization between both subspecies were found in northeastern Greece, a known contact zone of F. sylvatica and F. orientalis. Nevertheless, potential genetic admixture has not been investigated systematically before. Here, we investigated genetic diversity and genetic structure of 14 beech populations originating from Greece and Turkey as well as of two reference F. sylvatica populations from Germany based on nine expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers. Very low genetic differentiation was detected among F. sylvatica populations (mean GST: 0.005) as well as among F. orientalis populations (mean GST: 0.008), but substantial differentiation was detected between populations of the two subspecies (mean GST: 0.122). Indications for hybridization between both subspecies were revealed for one population in Greece. One of the genetic markers showed specific allele frequencies for F. sylvatica and F. orientalis and may be used as a diagnostic marker in future studies to discriminate both subspecies.


In this work, we examine the literature of active object recognition in the past and present. We note that methods in the past used a notion of recognition ambiguity in order to find a next best view policy that could disambiguate the object with the fewest camera moves. Present methods on the other hand use deep reinforcement learning to learn camera control policies from the data. We show on a public dataset, that reinforcement learning methods are not superior to a policy of adequately sampling the object view-sphere. Instead of focusing on finding the next best view, we examine a recent method of quantifying recognition uncertainty in deep learning as a potential application to active object recognition. We find that predictions with this technique are well calibrated with respect to the performance of a network on a test-set, showing that it could be useful in an active vision scenario.


The American fiction collections issued by Research Publications (RP) (MR, July 1972) and University Microfilms (UM) make widely available a large body of material valuable to historians of American culture. Working with both collections, the writers have completed a survey of material useful to theater historians. The writers discovered errors in both the RP and the UM series but on the whole found the RP collection better organized and easier to use.


Ligand binding, but not receptor activity, results in desensitization and long-term dampening of cellular responsiveness to TGF-β. Turning Off TGF-β Responsiveness Transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) signaling can have both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting activity. Vizán et al., through a combination of assays in cultured cells and mathematical modeling, provide an explanation for context-dependent responsiveness. In response to ligand binding, the type I and type II receptors, which comprise the ligand-activated TGF-β receptors, were rapidly depleted from the cell surface, leaving the cells unable to respond to subsequent exposures of TGF-β until ligand was depleted from the medium and receptors had reaccumulated at the cell surface. Mathematical modeling suggested that when autocrine TGF-β production exceeded a certain threshold, cellular responsiveness to TGF-β was limited. Indeed, cancer cells that produced the greatest amount of TGF-β exhibited the least responsiveness to an acute TGF-β stimulation. Understanding the complex dynamics of growth factor signaling requires both mechanistic and kinetic information. Although signaling dynamics have been studied for pathways downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein)–coupled receptors, they have not been investigated for the transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) superfamily pathways. Using an integrative experimental and mathematical modeling approach, we dissected the dynamic behavior of the TGF-β to Smad pathway, which is mediated by type I and type II receptor serine/threonine kinases, in response to acute, chronic, and repeated ligand stimulations. TGF-β exposure produced a transient response that attenuated over time, resulting in desensitized cells that were refractory to further acute stimulation. This loss of signaling competence depended on ligand binding, but not on receptor activity, and was restored only after the ligand had been depleted. Furthermore, TGF-β binding triggered the rapid depletion of signaling-competent receptors from the cell surface, with the type I and type II receptors exhibiting different degradation and trafficking kinetics. A computational model of TGF-β signal transduction from the membrane to the nucleus that incorporates our experimental findings predicts that autocrine signaling, such as that associated with tumorigenesis, severely compromises the TGF-β response, which we confirmed experimentally. Thus, we have shown that the long-term signaling behavior of the TGF-β pathway is determined by receptor dynamics, does not require TGF-β–induced gene expression, and influences context-dependent responses in vivo.


Autoinflammatory syndromes are a newly understood group of conditions characterized by recurrent episodes of fever, rash, and serositis. Generalists and specialists should know about and consider these syndromes in the differential diagnosis of recurrent fever. This article reviews the genetics, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of several of these relatively recently discovered diseases. Our growing understanding of genetics and the immune system has unearthed a number of syndromes characterized by recurrent fevers that mimic malignancy or infection.


antry internalize the depictions circulating about them and how did they respond to those images? Such information, while somewhat beyond the original scope of this work, would certainly constitute promising material for future study. The reader is also left wondering about comparisons with nationalist tropes among Danubian Romanians. Did the negative imagery of foreigners play a role in the self-identity among Romanian-speakers outside of Transylvania? If not, does Mitu's study support a strongly regionalist identity among Transylvanian Romanians that might have influenced state formation after 1918? It is also unclear in this account whether the early diversity of national imagery solidified later into a more hegemonic subset of nationalist characteristics. Is Mitu's a description of the tumultuous early stages of public debate on the shape and meaning of an ethnos, or is this heterogeneity also a component of Romanian nationalism as it matures?


The Problem: This research derives from the evolution of the M4, a dog-like robot, to the M2-Macaco project, a primate-like mobile robot in joint development with the MIT Leg Lab. It consists of the development of a portable and flexible robotic brain/head which both fits a quadruped and a bipede automaton. Merging social competencies with navigation capabilities requires an architecture that integrates all the modules. Furthermore, it must incorporate a vision system that allows for real-time interpretation of its surroundings.


Condition monitoring of power devices during operation is gaining importance as demand for high-reliability increases. The junction temperature of a power semiconductor device is a critical indicator of reliability. Therefore, we developed a new method for estimating the junction temperature of Si MOSFET based on the dynamic threshold voltage. The proposed method uses a tiny PCB sensor for detecting source current and capturing dynamic gate-source voltage at different current levels. The measurement circuit was successfully developed and evaluated by a double pulse test. The measured output voltage was digitized by 16-bit ADC included in the microcontroller to achieve the complete monitoring system. The temperature sensitivity of the Si MOSFET was -2.2 mV/°C and it was independent of the high side device temperature.


Locus of desired control and participation in a retirement preparation program was investigated in relation to retirement attitudes and adjustment. Fifty-nine subjects, consisting of older workers and retirees from a large southwestern corporation, comprised the sample. An experimental group, consisting of 12 subjects, completed questionnaires prior to and following their participation in the retirement preparation program. A control group, consisting of 15 subjects, completed the same questionnaires at approximately the same times as did the experimental group, but did not receive retirement preparation. A third group, consisting of 20 retirees who had a previous retirement preparation experience and 12 retirees who had not had such a retirement preparation experience, completed similar questionnaires.


The results of experiments on the influence of recharging the electron traps in a Si-SiO2 transition layer on the low-temperature characteristics of fully depleted silicon in insulator MOSFET devices are presented. It is shown that the low-dose gamma- radiation improves electrophysical parameters of the transition layer.


In the title compound, C17H21N3O, the pyridine rings make a dihedral angle of 84.44 (5)°. In the crystal, a C—H⋯N interaction forms a chain of molecules propagating along the twofold screw axis.


There are large number of scenes of using drugs in Jin Ping Mei,forming the image of drug which implies the culture of ugliness.The drug image reflects the ugliness of human souls,metaphorizes social evils and embodies the novel's characteristic of judging the ugliness.XI Men-qing's crime life began in a herb shop,and experienced the three stages of satisfying his desire by using drugs,saving himself with dugs,and finally dying of incurable disease;LI Ping-er,who was a passionate woman,depended on drugs all her life;PAN Jin-lian commited adultery and murderer her husband,indulged in sexual desire and strived for the favor,in whose life of adultery and abortiong drug played an important role.This paper mainly illustrates the drug image in Jin Ping Mei and discusses its value and meaning in the history of drug images.


On the basis of the data obtained from 1:250000 geological mapping conducted by China Geological Survey during 19962008 as well as other data available concerning the Cenozoic strata,and through integrated researches on the tectonic setting and lithostratigraphic sequence of remnant basins in Eocene,the authors investigated the evolution of Eocene tectonic lithofacies paleogeography in the Tibetan Plateau.In the Eocene period,uplift and erosional areas existed in Songpan-Garze and Gangdise,depressed basins(lakes and pluvial plain) lay in eastern Tarim,Qaidam,Qiangtang and Hoh Xil,and Neo-Tethys Sea was located in western and southern Tibetan Plateau.Based on researches on the tectonic-lithofacies paleogeographic evolution in Eocene and its response to the tectonic uplift of the Tibetan Plateau,the authors recognized two major uplift events,which happened during 55-51Ma and 4534Ma respectively.


In recent years, with the extending highway construction scale in mountain areas, there is lack of traffic safety facilities in some mountain areas. The problems of unreasonable and irregular traffic guarantee engineering construction stand out. Especially in rural highway in mountain areas with complex topography, the traffic accident rates are increasing, causing lots of dead and economic losses. Studying deeply on rural highway traffic safety problems in mountain areas and improving rural highway traffic safety level are the problems that we need to solve urgently. This essay analyzes the law of rural highway traffic accidents in mountain areas and makes a conclusion that the existing problems in rural highway safety managements in mountain areas at present. Based on this, this essay analyzes systematically the influent factors of rural highway traffic safety and a conclusion can be drew that the frequent rural highway traffic accidents in mountain areas not only are caused by bad line type for roads and no security arrangements are set. At last, based on macro-management level, it proposes a series of positive highway safety management countermeasures including strengthening traffic safety education, establishing traffic safety management system, improving passenger transport policy and management system, formulating dangerous sections inspection mechanisms.


In this work, the performance of an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane in the treatment of the effluents by-produced by olive mills is addressed by applying different pretreatments on the raw effluents. By conducting a photo-catalytic process (UV/TiO 2 PC) after pH-temperature flocculation (pH-T F) higher threshold flux values were observed for all feed stocks than by applying solely the pH-T F process, with an 18.8–34.2% increment. In addition, the performance of the UF membrane was also improved in terms of rejection efficiency, such that higher rejection values were yielded by the membrane for the organic pollutants (R COD ) by 48.5 vs. 39.9% and 53.4 vs. 42.0%. The UF membrane performance was also improved in terms of the volume feed recovery factor (VFR), achieving up to 88.2 vs. 87.2% and 90.7 vs. 89.3%. Results in the same line were also observed when the highly polluted olives oil washing wastewater raw stream was previously mixed with the effluent stream coming from the washing of the olives. This permits the UF to permeate, achieving the standard limits to reuse the purified effluent for irrigation purposes (COD values below 1000 mg·L −1 ), which makes the treatment process cost-effective and results in making the olive oil production process environmentally friendly.


The migration and trapping of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) in geologic carbon storage is strongly dependent on the geometry and wettability of the pore network in the reservoir rock. During displacement, resident fluids may become trapped in the pits of a rough pore surface forming an immiscible two‐phase fluid interface with the invading fluid, allowing apparent slip flow at this interface. We present a two‐phase fluid dynamics model, including interfacial tension, to characterize the impact of mineral surface roughness on this slip flow. We show that the slip flow can be cast in more familiar terms as a contact‐angle (wettability)‐dependent effective permeability to the invading fluid, a nondimensional measurement which relates the interfacial slip to the pore geometry. The analysis shows the surface roughness‐induced slip flow can effectively increase or decrease this effective permeability, depending on the wettability and roughness of the mineral surfaces. Configurations of the pore geometry where interfacial slip has a tangible influence on permeability have been identified. The results suggest that for large roughness features, permeability to CO2 may be enhanced by approximately 30% during drainage, while the permeability to brine during reimbibition may be enhanced or diminished by 60%, depending on the contact angle with the mineral surfaces and degrees of roughness. For smaller roughness features, the changes in permeability through interfacial slip are small. A much larger range of effective permeabilities are suggested for general fluid pairs and contact angles, including occlusion of the pore by the trapped phase.


The capsids of non-enveloped viruses are highly multimeric and multifunctional protein assemblies that protect the viral genome between infection cycles, dictate host and cell tropism, and mediate evasion of humoral immune responses. As such, capsids play key roles in viral biology and pathogenesis. Despite their importance, a comprehensive understanding of how mutations affect viral fitness across different structural and functional attributes of the capsid is lacking. To address this limitation, we globally define the effects of mutations in the capsid of a human picornavirus, generating a comprehensive dataset encompassing >90% of all possible single amino acid mutations. Moreover, we use this information to identify structural and sequence determinants that accurately predict mutational fitness effects, refine evolutionary analyses, and define the sequence specificity of key capsid encoded motifs. Finally, capitalizing on the sequence requirements identified in our dataset for capsid encoded protease cleavage sites, we implement and validate a bioinformatic approach for identifying novel host proteins targeted by viral proteases. Our findings present the most comprehensive investigation of mutational fitness effects in a picornavirus capsid to date and illuminate important aspects of viral biology, evolution, and host interactions.


X-ray bremsstrahlung isochromat spectroscopic (BIS) study of unoccupied electron states in silicon nitride was performed in an extended energy range. The sample was a 3100 A layer of silicon nitride deposited on a silicon plate. The isochromat photon energy was 5415 eV. The measurement was performed up to about 250 eV above the BIS threshold. A pronounced maximum of the density of electron state at about 10eV and a weak extended structure up to 200eV were observed. Calculations of the BIS intensity in extended energy range have been performed for silicon nitride using a muffin-tin potential approximation, multiple scattering method and partial probabilities of BIS transitions. The main result is that the BIS of silicon nitride is produced mostly at silicon ions and the BIS extended structure forms mainly due to electron scattering by nearest neighbouring nitrogen ions.


This letter presents the first 40 Gb/s monolithically integrated silicon photonics linear receiver (Rx) comprising a germanium photodiode (Ge-PD) and a linear transimpedance amplifier (TIA). Measured optical-electrical (O/E) 3 dB bandwidth (BW) of the Rx is 31 GHz. At 40 Gb/s, the Rx achieves a sensitivity of -3 dBm average optical input power with BER of 2.5×10-11. It operates at λ = 1.55 μm wavelength, uses 3.3 and 3.7 V power supplies, dissipates 275 mW of power, provides maximum differential output amplitude of 500 mVpp, and occupies an area of 3.2 mm2. The presented receiver achieves the highest bit rate among the published work in monolithically integrated silicon photonics receivers.


It is suggested that all of the morphological forms commonly observed in high polymers are closely related. These forms are considered to represent different stages in a development from single crystal into spherulite under the influence of species rejected by growing crystals. Single crystals undergo this transformation in habit when of a size roughly equal to δ = D/G, where D is the diffusion coefficient in the crystallizing medium and G is the rate of crystal growth. New experimental results show that when δ is unusually large, single crystals may be grown from polymer melts, and when δ is reduced by the use of high molecular weight polymer and/or viscous solvents, spherulites may be grown from polymer solutions. It is shown that single crystals of polyethylene crystallized from solution in paraffinic solvents exhibit a different habit from those crystallized under equivalent conditions from xylene. This affords a simple explanation for the radial b orientation found in spherulites of polyethylene.


In order to address the global problem of vitamin A deficiency, biofortification is considered to be a cost effective and sustainable approach. The polymorphism in crtRB1 gene is associated with β-carotene levels in maize kernels. The randomly selected 10 seeds of selected maize lines in BC 2 F 1 population cobs when analyzed for β-carotene content through HPLC, showed confirmation of improvement in β-carotene content of 2.37 μg/g. The crtRB1 3'TE polymorphism in BC 2 F 1 population of the cross revealed that the progenies showed segregation distortion(SD). The present study indicated the possiblity to develop a high β-carotene inbred with genetic identity closer to that of the recurrent parent.


A 35-year-old Indian man presented with a 3-year history of a gradually increasing, painless swelling on his right arm. The patient denied any history of local trauma. He was not on any drug therapy. Examination revealed a firm, flesh-colored, 2 9 3 cm wide, non-tender, wellcircumscribed nodule on the right arm. The lesion was fixed to the skin. Adherent crusts were found over the lesion. The surface of the nodule was studded with multiple small papules giving it a verrucous appearance (Fig. 1). There was no other mucocutaneous lesion or regional lymphadenopathy. Systemic examination was non-contributory. An excision biopsy of the nodule was performed followed by histopathological examination (Figs. 2 and 3). (a)


Glucokinase (GK) plays a key role in whole-body glucose homeostasis by catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose in cells that express this enzyme, such as pancreatic β-cells and hepatocytes. Glucokinase activators (GKA) represent a novel class of antidiabetic agents that act by increasing the enzymatic activity of GK through its effects on augmenting its maximum velocity and glucose affinity. The discovery and action of the archetypical GKA, RO0281675, has been reported to reduce glucose levels in several rodent models of type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus by dual actions on insulin release and suppression of glucose production in the liver. This review describes the medicinal chemistry efforts undertaken to address the formation of an undesirable thiourea metabolite of RO0281675 and research that culminated in the discovery of piragliatin. Piragliatin was found to be devoid of pre-clinical safety concerns, displayed comparable in vivo efficacy in rodent models of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to RO0281675 and was advanced to phase II clinical trials. In a five and a half day multiple ascending dose trial in T2D patients, piragliatin showed rapid, dose-dependent reductions in 24-hour glucose levels resulting from decreases in both fasting and postprandial plasma glucose. In general, piragliatin was safe and well tolerated except for mild to moderate hypoglycemia at the highest doses. Based on the experience gained from piragliatin, Roche is continuing its development of GK activators with subsequent compounds.


The invention provides alkyd resin for a woodware primer and a synthesis method of the alkyd resin. The alkyd resin is prepared from refined vegetable oil, polyatomic alcohol, polyatomic acid, a metal hydroxide catalyst and a xylene mixture. The synthesis method of the alkyd resin comprises the steps that the refined vegetable oil and 2/5 part by weight of polyatomic alcohol are put into a reaction kettle, reacting under heating is conducted in a carbon dioxide atmosphere, then the lithium hydroxide catalyst is put into the reaction kettle, reacting under heat preservation is continuously conducted, sampling is conducted, and cooling is conducted when complete alcoholysis is achieved; polyatomic acid, 3/5 part by weight of polyatomic alcohol and the xylene mixture solvent are put into the reaction kettle, the temperature is increased to 170 DEG C-190 DEG C, reacting under heat preservation is conducted for 3-6 h, then the temperature is increased to 210 DEG C-225 DEG C, reacting is continuously conducted, cooling and sample discharging are conducted when the acid value of a reactant is smaller than or equal to 12 mgKOH/g and the Gardner-Holdt tube viscosity is 15-25 s/25 DEG C, and then the alkyd resin is prepared. According to the alkyd resin, the solid part content of the alkyd resin for the woodware primer is significantly increased within a low viscosity range, the organic solvent usage amount is greatly decreased, and VOC emission is reduced.


This paper is an ethno-linguistic and pragmatic documentation of the forms of address in Oko, a dialect of Igbo. Such a study is necessary considering the gradual yet steady death of many languages in Nigeria or aspects of these languages as in the case with Igbo. Data for analysis are collected mainly through native-speaker introspection and personal observation. However, I crosschecked the data with older native-speakers for verification and validation. Apart from documenting these forms for posterity, this study has also illuminated aspects of the Oko culture as revealed in their address forms. It further foregrounds the place of address forms as a major part of the linguistic etiquette of the society and understanding this is necessary for a peaceful coexistence in the society. Key words:


This paper has probed the present-day aesthetic meaning of th e ancient Chinese Confucian culture under the circumstances of globalization, hav ing Confucius and Mencius as the objects of study. When Confucius refered to ben evolence, he meant not only the practice of practitioner, but also the inner wor ld of the practitioner. He looked on the promoting of people's ideological leve l as the latent power of bringing about benevolence. In order to improve and pro mote people's morality, Confucius appealed to consciousness and initiative,while the West was with the help of gods and laws. Confucius made the improvement of morality have feasibility. Mencius advocated that we must lay down our lives for a just cause and examine our own words and deeds. The ancient Chinese Confucian culture is of the utmost importance of moral value. Meanwhile, this papar point s out:the nice cultural globalization must be in the state that many kinds of cu ltures show various extraordinary splendors,must not be in the state that only o ne culture be duplicated.


Alison Hugill In the scheme of political demands, it is possible to draw a thread which would link unworking (désoeuvrement) to its contemporary successor, accelerationism. Both express a turn to radical rupture and refusal, yet the contexts in which each theory developed remain vastly different. In Nick Srnicek and Alex Williams recent book Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work, the authors argue that the so-called 'folk politics' of community-driven reform and incremental change, are inadequate responses to our rapidly technologizing, late capitalist world. The failure of these bottom-up initiatives, in their opinion, lies in their blindness towards the revolutionary power of surplus populations of unemployed and underemployed people. To combat the stagnation of folk political strategies, we need to demand full automation of waged labour and universal basic income.


The analyze of the result of the complex treatment of teeth attrition supporting marginal periodontal diseases with including of diode laser therapy based on the objective researching estimating of hygienic and periodontal indices, and the Digitest let us to speak about the efficacy of this method. During the using professional oral hygiene the reducing processes inside the periodont have proceeded in examined and control group. After diode laser therapy tooth hypersensivity has decreased for 1 year observation in examined group. In control group negative subjective patient's sensations were still staying in 33% cases.


The energy density state are the powerful factor for evaluate the validity of a material in any application. This research focused on examining the electrical properties of the Se6Te4- xSbx glass semiconductor with x=1, 2 and 3, using the thermal evaporation technique. D.C electrical conductivity was used by determine the current, voltage and temperatures, where the electrical conductivity was studied as a function of temperature and the mechanical electrical conduction were determined in the different conduction regions (the extended and localized area and at the Fermi level). In addition, the density of the energy states in these regions is calculated using the mathematical equations. The constants of energy density states are determined, namely the electron hopping distance, the width of the tails, and pre - exponential factor. The densities of the energetic states (extended N (Eext), localize N (Eloc) and at the Fermi states N (Ef) will be calculated in each of the regions. Moreover, the effect of partial substitution of Se with antimony on energy states and degree of randomness, results observed that the energy densities changing with an increase antimony Sb concentration.


For 20 T/H industrical Boiler by coal,Was comprised by UDC Series Instrument as nell as IBM PC the DCS of industrical Boiler.By softsare configurating,the control and manage of Boiler have been realized.


Abstract Introduction The resources, developed for administrators, faculty, and staff at academic health science centers in traditional academic environments and medical environments, serve a dual ...


Effects of daidzein on the milk yield,components and hormones in milk of cows in late lactation were studied.Four Holstein dairy cows in the 7th month of late lactation were sampled and self-control method was used.Daidzein was added to the concentrated feed at the dose of 10 mg/kg during the treatment stage.The results showed that daidzein could lessen the declining tendency of milk yield in late lactation and increased the milk yield to some extent.Lactoprotein was evidently increased(P0.01) while butterfat was not evidently affected.The level of T-(4) in milk was evidently increased(P0.05);the level of GH,PRL,E-(2) and TSH in milk prone to rose while T-(3) prone to decreased.It could be concluded that daidzein could indirectly affect milk yield and components of milk by regulating the levels of intrinsic hormones.


DURING the years of adolescence the individual moves toward independence from parental control. In a society characterized by rapid social change and the lack of explicit norms regarding this transition, there are likely to be variations in the handling of the adolescent. Some families may grant a great degree of independence to the adolescent. Others may continue to supervise and restrict the adolescent much as they do younger children. In this study the differences between certain ethnic groups and between social classes are investigated with regard to the degree of independence from parental control granted the adolescent. Members of Southern Italian and Eastern European Jewish ethnic groups in New Haven, Connecticut were selected for study. These groups were similar in their time of arrival and place of settlement in this country but had different cultural backgrounds. Differences could reasonably be attributed to ethnicity only if the groups compared had an approximately equal time in which to become acculturated and assimilated. No research is reported in the literature contrasting these two ethnic groups with regard to adolescent independence. Studies describing the cultural background of these two groups indicate that both Italian and Jewish children were traditionally subordinated to their parents.' Patriarchal authority stressed the duties rather than the rights of the child in Italy. So long as the father lived, the sons owed him a great measure of respect and obedience, whether they were married or not. This subordination also characterized Jewish culture, but in intellectual matters individuality and independence were highly valued. The contrast between physical and intellectual matters was great in the life of the boy. As soon as he started his studies, sometimes at the age of three, he was treated as an adult in matters of the intellect. But even when physically mature, he was still a "baby" to his mother who never stopped worrying about his health, warmth and safety. The child was taught to respect authority not because of the person who embodied it but because of the matter it pertained to. He was taught to question authority in his schooling, since even the Divine Law is subject to interpretation. Thus, in intellectual matters independence was encouraged while in other activities the Jewish son appears to have received no strikingly different treatment than the Italian boy. The greater encouragement in intellectual matters given the Jewish boy might carry over to other activities, but in Italian culture this possibility did not exist. At any rate, no inference concerning the direction of differences between Italian and Jewish adolescents with regard to independence


Throughout the Middle Ages, the Evangelium Nicodemi enjoyed abundant circulation and benefited from an exceptionally positive reception in all centers of devotion and learning within Europe, a rare fortune for any religious text, and especially remarkable considering its extracanonical nature.2 Accordingly, its text regularly figures among the very first translations in the vernaculars of Europe and was deservedly granted the illustrious appellative of "fifth gospel" (Healey 1985, 98). Its core narrative is formed by two distinct Latin texts, the Acta Pilati (Acts of Pilate) and the Descensus Christi ad Inferos (Christ's Descent into Hell). These two narratives first circulated separately and were only subsequently conflated, sometime between the fifth and the eighth centuries, to form a unique gospel depicting the trial, passion, and crucifixion of Christ, and his harrowing of Hell. The text, originally called Gesta Salvatoris (The Deeds of the Savior), was only entitled Evangelium Nicodemi (The Gospel of Nicodemus) in the Late Middle


Introducing Feminist Theology. By Anne M. Clifford. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 2001. xi + 287 pp. $21.00 (paper). In an era of heightened awareness of women's consciousness of themselves as women, sources of and about women that have long gone unnoticed or were at best pushed to the periphery are moved to the center and are the focus of Christian theology to which the important adjective "feminist" is attached (from the Introduction). For anyone interested in a comprehensive overview of feminist theology in its historical and contemporary contexts. Introducing Feminist Theology is well worth the read. Anne M. Clifford, associate professor of theology at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, has produced a work which will appeal to seasoned scholars and theological novices alike. Clifford lays the foundation for her study by asking the key questions of "what?" and "why?" regarding feminism in general and Christian feminist theology in particular. She elucidates the history of feminism and its theological counterpart through their three distinct "waves" beginning in the late eighteenth century to the present, giving the reader a clear picture of the evolution of feminist thought. Further, her division of contemporary feminist theology into "revolutionary," "reformist," and "reconstructionist" modes of critique is helpful for those who find themselves overwhelmed by the incredible diversity of perspectives within feminism and feminist theology. Adhering to the feminist disavowal of a supposed "universal" perspective, Clifford transparently identifies herself and her work with the reconstmctionist (or revisionist) thread within the tapestry. It is through this particular theological lens that the author pursues her study, while at the same time allowing other voices, from the pre-critical to the post-Christian, to share their own unique wisdom. This ability to present a very wide range of positions is one of the features which makes Clifford's book a truly useful introduction and summary. Drawing on the work of European, Euro-American, Womanist, Hispanic, African, and Asian theologians, Clifford drafts a comprehensive map of feminist perspectives. After guiding the reader through the history of the field, she addresses the question of the use of Scripture within feminist theology, focusing attention on the importance of social, political, and economic "location" within feminist biblical hermeneutics. Moving into theology proper. Clifford faces head-on the thorny issues of God-language, Trinitarian debate, and atonement theories as they have had an impact on women's lives throughout the history of patriarchal theology. …


This paper will advance the argument that the 'history' as contained in both the field's canon and our formal disciplinary (George, 1968, 1972) and intellectual histories (Wren, 1972, 1979) are nei...


The utility model discloses an image forming device and a developing agent box. The image forming device is provided with a color adjusting agent box provided with a color adjusting agent containing part for containing a color adjusting agent and the developing agent box provided with a developing agent containing part for containing a developing agent, wherein the color adjusting agent box can be exchanged with the developing agent box. The image forming device comprises the developing agent box, a driving part, a developer and a control part, wherein the developing agent box comprises a conveying part and a power transferring part; the conveying part is used for conveying the developing agent contained in the developing agent containing part; the power transferring part is used for transferring power to the conveying part, and the length of the power transferring part can be adjusted; the driving part is used for driving the power transferring part of the developing agent box; the developer is used for containing the developing agent conveyed by the conveying part; and the control part is used for controlling the driving of the driving part.


4 Janice S. Chen*, Yavuz S. Dagdas*, Benjamin P. Kleinstiver*, Moira M. Welch, Lucas B. 5 Harrington, Samuel H. Sternberg, J. Keith Joung, Ahmet Yildiz, Jennifer A. Doudna 6 7 *These authors contributed equally to this work. 8 9 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, 10 USA. Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. 11 Molecular Pathology Unit, Center for Cancer Research, and Center for Computational and 12 Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA. 13 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. 14 Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. 15 Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. Howard 16 Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. Physical 17 Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. 18


Adsorption of surfactants at the mercury/electrolyte interface causes changes in electrode capacity. This phenomenon can be used for surfactant analysis in low and ultra-low concentration ranges. Tensammetry is carried out by alternating current or potential pulse techniques. Time-dependent concentration changes can be determined by adsorption kinetics at the mercury/electrolyte interface. As the interaction of surfactants with the mercury/electrolyte interface strongly depends on the potential of the electrode, repeated potential jumps can be used to generate adsorption–desorption cycles. This permits rapid determination of constant or time-dependent concentration. The adsorption kinetics of cationic and non-ionic surfactants on clay minerals were determined by Kalousek polarography. These two types of surfactant exhibit different behaviour. Many other adsorption phenomena might also be investigated by using the method described here.