Owing to the high spectral sampling, the spectral information in hyperspectral imagery (HSI) is often highly correlated and contains redundancy. Motivated by the recent success of sparsity preserving based dimensionality reduction (DR) techniques in both computer vision and remote sensing image analysis community, a novel supervised nonparametric sparse discriminant analysis (NSDA) algorithm is presented for HSI classification. The objective function of NSDA aims at preserving the within-class sparse reconstructive relationship for within-class compactness characterization and maximizing the nonparametric between-class scatter simultaneously to enhance discriminative ability of the features in the projected space. Essentially, it seeks for the optimal projection matrix to identify the underlying discriminative manifold structure of a multiclass dataset. Experimental results on one visualization dataset and three recorded HSI dataset demonstrate NSDA outperforms several state-of-the-art feature extraction methods for HSI classification.


An equivalence theorem relating S-matrix elements with some external helicity \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}(1/2 gravitinos to S-matrix elements with corresponding external Goldstinos at high energy is rigorously proven from a set of Ward identities of N=1 supergravity. A more intuitive proof is given using the functional integral formalism. Similar equivalence theorems hold in general in theories possessing gauge properties spontaneously broken by a Higgs-type mechanism.


Photoluminescence
Small silver clusters stabilized by organic materials or inorganic surfaces can exhibit bright photoluminescence, but the origin of this effect has been difficult to establish, in part because the materials are heterogeneous and contain many larger but inactive clusters. Grandjean et al. studied silver clusters in zeolites, using x-ray excited optical luminescence to monitor only the emissive structures (see the Perspective by Quintanilla and Liz-Marzan). Aided by theoretical calculations, they identified the electronic states of four-atom silver clusters bound with water molecules that produce bright green emission—thus identifying candidate materials for application in lighting, imaging, and therapeutics.

Science , this issue p. [686][1]; see also p. [645][2]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaq1308
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aau5256


The most severe constraints on quark-lepton four-fermion contact interactions come from the agreement of atomic parity violation measurements with the standard model. In this Letter, I note that, for contact interactions which arise in theories of composite quarks and leptons, approximate global symmetries other than parity can eliminate the contribution of contact terms to atomic parity violation. The most stringent tests of compositeness therefore come from the high energy collider experiments at LEP II, HERA, and the Fermilab Tevatron. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


For the past ten years, I have been privileged to be the President of the Oregon Water Trust, a nonprofit corporation that opened its doors and its pocketbook in 1994 to buy water for streamflows. As the Trust celebrates its tenth anniversary in 2004, its portfolio contains eighty-seven current water rights deals. The portfolio includes a variety of transactions, including permanent purchases of water rights, short- and long-term leases, exchange and forbearance agreements, conserved water projects, and nongeneration agreements, altogether protecting a total of over 124 cubic feet per second of water in eleven basins across the state of Oregon. This Article offers some observations about water markets derived from Professor Neuman's experience as the President of the Oregon Water Trust during the first decade of experience. The Article discusses both the positive and negative impacts of using the market to restore instream flows. Although the impacts of water markets vary widely, depending on the type and scope of transactions and the context in which they occur, some generalizations can be made. On balance, the experience of the Oregon Water Trust demonstrates that the positive impacts exceed the negative. The use of water markets is not a panacea for all that is ailing in water law, but marketing is certainly one useful tool among many for creating an economically rational, equitable, environmentally sound, and sustainable system of water use and management. Part II describes the particular perspective that the Oregon Water Trust brings to the discussion of water markets, considering the types of transactions it undertakes, the legal context in which it operates, and its accomplishments to date. Part III examines the good, the bad, and the ugly in this particular water market, exploring both the positive and negative aspects of the Water Trust's experience. Part IV concludes that, on balance, the good outweighs the bad. Using the market to restore instream flows has proven itself to be a fair, effective, and efficient approach that can play an important role in future water use and management.


Stanley Cavell is one of very few philosophers who systematically reflect on the impact and influence of autobiographical detail, experience, and preferences on their philosophical work. The aim of this essay is to show how Cavell's use of autobiographical exploration is rooted in his early aesthetic theory, in particular his view of the similarities between philosophy and aesthetic criticism. Cavell argues that criticism starts by exploiting and incorporating a subjective vantage point, eventually bringing the reader to test the significance of a work on herself. In his 'Aesthetic Problems of Modern Philosophy', Cavell states exactly this form of appeal to the 'We' of author and reader as the basic move of his own version of 'ordinary language philosophy'. It is because of the connections Cavell sees between criticism and philosophy that his aesthetic diagnosis harks back on his overall critical style of thinking.


Abstract Soils in the upland areas of Malaysia are mostly weathered (Ultisols and Oxisols), having high aluminum (Al), but calcium (Ca) and/or magnesium (Mg) deficient. Magnesium limestone is available in large quantities in Malaysia and is frequently being used to alleviate acidity in the upland soils. This study aimed at assessing the longevity of the limestone applied to an highly weathered acid soil under conditions prevailing in the tropics. The experiment consisted of two phases; in the first phase the plots were treated with various rates of lime, while in the second phase some plots were left as residual treatments. The results of the study showed that an acid Ultisol of Malaysia can be ameliorated by annual limestone application of 11 ha‐1 for maize (Zea mays L.) production. The beneficial effects of liming with ground magnesium limestone (GML) at 41 ha‐1 were observed for about eight years. The critical soil pH and exchangeable Al for maize production were found to be 5 and 0.7 cmolcKg‐1 soil, r...


The subject of this paper is the analysis of the application of banking internal credit risk measurement models for the purpose of calculating the minimum regulatory capital. The Basel Committee established proposals for an internal rating-based approach (IRB approach-internal rating-based) to capital requirements for credit risk. Such an approach, which relies on the bank's internal assessment of counterparties and exposures, can ensure two key objectives: the first is additional risk sensitivity, in which capital requirements based on internal ratings can be much more sensitive on the drivers of credit risk of economic losses in the banking portfolio; the second is incentive compatibility, where the appropriate structure of the RBI approach can provide a framework that encourages banks to continue to improve their internal risk management practices. The internal ranking approach aims to improve the safety and soundness of the financial system. The paper defines the terminology and classification of the rating system. The probability of default (PD-probability at default) and the other two risk components LGD (loss given default) and EAD (exposure at default) are key input parameters for the calculation of regulatory capital. The rating system is, therefore, a significant driver of risk management and financial performance measurement. To be in a position to demonstrate to supervisors that an internal rating system should be used for the purposes of determining minimum regulatory capital requirements, banks must first demonstrate that the rating system is an integral part of their ongoing operations and risk management culture.


Critical consideration is given to the special assumptions underlying the conventional semi-empirical models of the elementary particles, on the one hand, and the quantum field theories of treating the interactions of particles, on the other. The relation of these restrictive physical techniques to the more general, mathematical basis of relativistic quantum theory is indicated. (auth)


Piyush (Cow colostrum) is the first milk which cow gives after giving birth to calf. As per our Ayurvedic texts this Piyush is having Madhura Rasa and Guru-Snigdha Gunas. Due to its properties it is Vata-Pitta Dosha Nashak and Kapha Dosha Vardhak. Thus, these all factors affects in the nourishment of all the seven Dhatus (tissues) of human body. Nourishment of seven Dhatus lead to Vrishan Karma (aphrodisiac action) of body. Vrishan Karma of human body is directly related with the Vyadhiksamatava (Immunity). If Vyadhikshamatva of body is more then the Vrishyata of body increases. As per Modern Science Piyush is known as a cow colostrum. It contains more Immunoglobulin, lactose, protein, fat than normal cow milk. Ultimately these all factors help in increasing the level of Immunity which is acquired immunity. Thus Piyush provide a novel treatment option for the Vrishan Karma in body. This review explores the current knowledge on the beneficial effect of Piyush supplementation in the above condition.


greatest poets of our time, perhaps the greatest. Even if one strips his poems of the stylistic magnificence of his native Polish (which is what translation inevitably does) and reduces them to the naked subject matter, we still find ourselves confronting a severe and relentless mind of such intensity that the only parallel one is able to think of is that of the biblical characters most likely Job. But the scope of the loss experienced by Milosz was not only from purely geographical considerations somewhat larger. Milosz received what one might call a standard East European education, which included, among other things, what's known as the Holocaust, which he predicted in his poems of the late thirties. The wasteland he describes in his wartime (and some postwar) poetry is fairly literal : it is not the unresurrected Adonis that is missing there, but concrete millions of his countrymen. What toppled the whole enterprise was that his land, after being devastated physically, was also stolen from him and, proportionately, ruined spiritually. Out of these ashes emerged poetry which did not so much sing of outrage and grief as whisper of the guilt of the survivor. The core of the major themes of Milosz's poetry is the unbearable realization that a human being is not able to grasp his experience, and the more that time separates him from this experience, the less become his chances to comprehend it. This realization alone extends to say the leastour notion of the human psyche and casts quite a remorseless light on the proverbial interplay of cause and effect. It wouldn't be fair, however, to reduce the significance of Milosz's poetry to this theme. His, after all, is a metaphysical poetry which regards the things of this world (including language itself) as manifestations of a certain superior realm, miniaturized or magnified for the sake of our perception. The existential process for this poet is neither enigma nor explanation, but rather is symbolized by the test tube: the only thing which is unclear is what is being tested whether it is the endurance of man in terms of applied pain, or the durability of pain itself. Czeslaw Milosz is perfectly aware that language is not a tool of cognition but rather a tool of assimilation in what appears to be a quite hostile world unless it is employed by poetry, which alone tries to beat language at its own game and thus to bring it as close as possible to real cognizance. Short-cutting or, rather, short-circuiting the analytical process, Milosz's poetry releases the reader from many psychological and purely linguistic traps, for it answers not the question "how to live" but "for the sake of what" to live. In a way, what this poet preaches is an awfully sober version of stoicism which does not ignore reality, however absurd and horrendous, but accepts it as a new norm which a human b ing has to absorb without giving up any of his fairly compromised values. New Yor\


This text looks at the long-term effects of the joint Franco-British administration in public policy, political disputes, and social cleavages in post-independence Vanuatu. It emphasizes the strong imprint left by what the author terms "condocolonialism" in dividing ni-Vanuatu into "Anglophones" and "Francophones", but also suggests how this division is being replaced by divisions based on urban or rural residence, traditional or modern employment and disparities between the status and activities of men and women. The volume aims to provide more than an analysis of a unique case of colonialism and its effects, it is an interpretation of the evolution of an insular society beset by particularly intense pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial fractures. The analysis is also enriched by comparisons between Vanuatu and other colonized societies including Niger, Nigeria, Martinique, Mauritius and Pondicherry.


The invention discloses a motorcycle seat cushion support frame component. The component comprises a bilaterally symmetrical bending plate (1) and two damping pads (2), wherein the middle part of the bending plate (1) depresses downwards to form an installation surface (1a) in the middle of the bending plate (1) and support surfaces (1d) positioned at the right and left ends of the bending plate (1); the support surfaces (1d) are inclined relative to the installation surface (1a); the front ends of the support surfaces (1d) are lower than the back ends; the support surfaces (1d) at the right and left ends are provided with a damping pad (2) respectively; and the right and left support surfaces (1d) are parallel to each other. In the motorcycle seat cushion support frame component, a seat cushion support point is increased by two damping pads, so that an oil tank cannot be pressed and damaged when a motorcycle is in a moving process; and simultaneously the seat cushion support frame component is arranged on a motorcycle frame so as to further increase the strength of the motorcycle frame.


Sufficiently deep local back-surface-fields (LBSF) are crucial for achieving low contact recombination and thus high solar cell efficiencies in passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) solar cells. In this article, we investigate spatial variations of LBSF thickness 1) across dashed contacts, 2) between lateral positions within a cell, and 3) from cell to cell. The objective of this experimental study is to proof the impact of LBSF thickness on open-circuit voltage in PERC solar cells. Our measurements and analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveal that variations in LBSF thickness across dashed contacts exceed observed variations in LBSF thickness between lateral positions within a cell as well as cell-to-cell variations. Thus, we statistically treat all LBSF measurements of a single experimental group of PERC solar cells as one population of measurements. The two investigated experimental sets of PERC cells fired using different fast-firing profiles show a difference in LBSF thickness of about 1 μm. The resulting difference in open-circuit voltages arises to 1.3 mV. ANOVA-based analysis shows for our experimental samples that at least 19 random measurements are necessary in order to resolve LBSF thickness difference of 0.5 μm with sufficient statistical significance.


Objective To develop an HPLC assay for determining Emodin and Chrysophanol in Huanglianshangqing Capsule.Method A C 18 column was used. The mobile phase was with a mixture of methanol-0.2% Phosphoric Acid(80∶20).The flow rate was 1.0ml/min,and wavelength was 254 nm.Result The average recovery rates of Emodin and Chrysophanol were 98.4%(n=5)and 98.5%(n=5) respectively; RSD were 1.1% and 0.9% respectively. Conclusion The method is proved simple, accurate, highly sensitive and recommendable.


The paper gives an account of the biological spectrum of the flora of the Indravati Tiger Reserve, Dantewada, Chhattisgarh. Studies revealed that the plant climate is therophytic due to the highest percentage of therophytes.


If M and N are submanifolds of R k , and a; b are points in R k , we may ask for points x 2 M and y 2 N such that the vector i ! ax is orthogonal to y's tangent space, and vice versa for i by and x's tangent space. If M; N are compact, critical point theory is employed to give lower bounds for the number of such related pairs of points. Interestingly, we also employ the curvature theory of hypersurfaces in a pseudo-Euclidean space, where curvatures are not considered as real numbers, but as linear forms in the normal space of a point.


This paper extends work in the area of quantitative reasoning at the undergraduate level. Task-based interviews were used to examine 16 calculus students' difficulties when solving three related rates problems. Analysis of students' verbal responses and written work revealed several difficulties, including dealing with several time-dependent quantities. The paper concludes with a recommendation for the teaching of related rates problems at the undergraduate level.


Emeritus Professor of Economics, McGill University. The author has written extensively on human rights, economic development, and Canadian public policy.Barely into the 21st century, we may already have witnessed its defining event. The horrendous terrorist attacks on the United States on 11 September 2001 sparked a war on global terrorism whose end is too distant to predict. This much is certain, however; punishing the leaders of the Taliban and al-Qaeda - and even the most relentless worldwide pursuit of terrorists - will not produce what the United States government has aptly called 'enduring freedom.'It is reasonable to wonder whether a large commitment of coalition ground troops under United States leadership - that is, less reliance on Afghan-rebel proxies - would have shortened the war in Afghanistan, produced less civilian casualties, minimized the escape and release of enemy forces, and captured Osama bin Laden and Mullah Muhammad Omar. Be that as it may, two and a half months of round-the-clock United States air strikes joined with several hundred coalition 'special forces' and thousands of indigenous fighters to produce a stunning military victory in Afghanistan. Despite lingering pockets of resistance, the grossly repressive Taliban regime has been ousted, the al-Qaeda terrorists have been decimated, a representative interim government is in place, and a multinational peacekeeping force has been deployed.Yet this is only the beginning. Widespread lawlessness prevails, tribal warlords retain substantial power, and the Afghan economy is in ruins. The United States and the United Nations, in particular, are providing food and shelter for millions of starving, displaced Afghans. In human terms, one cannot exaggerate the importance of this effort. The blunt truth, however, is that from the perspective of the war on terrorism, it can have little more than band-aid impact.Let us not forget the over-arching objective of the war in Afghanistan: to pull out global terrorism by its roots, virtually eliminating the possibility that it will rise again from the ashes. This means building an Afghan society that will be reasonably stable, equitable, and - most of all - free. If there is any enduring antidote to Afghan-based terrorism, it is gender-sensitive freedom of opportunity, freedom of expression, religious freedom, and freedom from grinding poverty - in short, freedom to hope.Pursuing, capturing, and killing global terrorists and those who support them, and increasing domestic security, are the first lines of defence against attacks on freedom; they do not promote freedom, a delicate seed that must often be planted and must be nourished and renourished. Free societies - with their emphasis on the dignity of every individual - are not good breeding grounds for terrorists. By and large, terrorism thrives in weakly governed countries and in those that grossly violate human rights; Pinochet's Chile, China, Colombia, Haiti, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Somalia, Syria, and Zimbabwe are vivid examples. The war on terror is not a matter of clashing Judeo-Christian and Islamic civilizations. Muslims are split between those who cry jihad and the great majority who wish to live in peace. This new war may well evolve as a titanic struggle between free societies and those (of whatever faith) that terrorize their own people and/or spawn fanatics engaged in global terrorism. In the long run, the link from freedom to minimal terrorism will be more significant than the reverse relationship.Even the administration of President George W. Bush, implacably opposed to 'nation building' before (and for sometime after) 11 September, has come to recognize that a free Afghanistan is the best hope for rooting out Afghan-based terrorism. Whether the international community is prepared to pay the full price of helping to achieve a free and stable Afghanistan - tentatively estimated at $15 billion over ten years - is another issue. …


A severe generalized multisystem allergic reaction occurred in a 16-month-old infant following the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Acute interstitial nephritis developed three weeks following the onset of this reaction and resolved after three months. This is the first description of this renal toxicity with TMP-SMX in a child.


Purpose – To share the experiences of RRC in developing and delivering e‐learning programmes to individual learners and corporate clients.Design/methodology/approach – RRC have been delivering e‐learning courses for several years now and this experience has enabled them to discover by trial and error what works and what does not. Reviewing the experiences of both individual learners and corporate managers has allowed us to assess the circumstances in which maximum benefit can be gained from choosing e‐learning as a delivery mechanism for professional training.Findings – E‐learning can be a highly‐effective delivery mechanism for training courses, but only under the right circumstances. These include where: there are a limited number of students spread over a large geographical area; the qualification is international in nature; a corporate client requires confidential discussion among learners; and managers not directly involved in the training want to track (and record) effectively the progress of indivi...


A rapid reproduction method of Rhododendron dauricum was studied in this paper. The result shows as follows: the basic medium is WPM; the optimal sterilization of explants is with 1.5−2cm long stem or apex; the best surface sterilants is 70% alcohol 30s and 0.1%HgCl2 10min; the best season for picking the experiment material is between the middle of March and May


It has been suggested that a single-room neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) design has the potential to decrease stressful stimuli, improve parent infant interactions and prevent nosocomial infection. A recent systematic review supported these assumptions, by concluding that providing families with single rooms led to superior patient care and parental satisfaction (1). However, as well as highlighting positive parental experiences, the review also raised concerns from healthcare personnel about greater workload, reduced visibility of infants and reduced communication between staff. The single-room design has, without doubt, had a major impact on infant outcome. However, it is important to consider the impact of other factors before this design is perceived as evidence-based practice. By the 1950s, James Robertson and John Bowlby had already identified that separating infants and parents at an early stage could lead to adverse infant development. Their shocking results about the distress that could be caused by separating young patients from their parents during a short hospital stay acted as a catalyst for healthcare changes. New recommendations were suggested in many developed countries, such as allowing parents to stay in hospital with their children and providing accommodation for parents. Thus, the role of families in promoting the health and well-being of their children was established. Although many years have passed, and parents' reactions have been well documented, these recommendations are not yet accepted as standard neonatal care. An infant's admission to the NICU not only causes anxiety, depression and stress, it also leads to an alteration in the parental role, which adversely affects the early bonding process, maternal sensitivity to the baby's cues and interaction between themother and the infant (2). These results should be understood in terms of the broad consensus that child development is a result of the interaction between the child's biological conditions and environmental factors. An infant's developmental vulnerability, due to preterm birth, and its subsequent high risk of neuropsychological impairments, has mainly been explained by gestational age and birth weight. However, these associations appear to be confounded by other factors, such as socioeconomic class and IQ (3) and maternal distress and social support (4). The explanations regarding the causal relationship remain questionable, becausematernal and social background factors are recognised to increase the risk of preterm birth, while improved infant outcomes have been associated with intervention programmes that focus on parent infant interaction. Therefore, it is possible that paying more attention to the parents' needs during the infant's stay at the NICU might result in improved cognitive outcome. Also, communication between healthcare staff and parents has the potential to reduce stress and make interactions with the baby possible (5). This philosophy of care, which aims to help parents to actively participate in the care of their child, is often referred to as a family-centred care (FCC) and has been explained as a set of guiding principles (6). Several key aspects have been recognised in addition to the important mechanisms, such as support from staff and the physicalNICUdesign. Someof the most important cornerstones are parents taking part in decision-making and their presence and participation in caregiving. Even if a single-room design does not guarantee FCC, it may provide facilities that enable parents to be present fromadmission todischarge, toparticipate in thecare of their infant and to increase their confidence long before discharge. The duration of this parental presence may also increase their exposure to physical contact and satisfaction with parenting. Parental sensitivity and responsiveness to the infants' physiological and emotional cues have been associated with nursing methods such as the Newborn Individualised Development Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP), skin-to-skin care and breastfeeding support and promotion, all important parts of FCC. Investigating the effect of a NICU environment on an infant's development is complex. In addition to physical facilities, both parents' characteristics and staff attitudes represent important aspects of the infant's environment. In a randomised trial carried out in Stockholm, we showed that providing single rooms and enabling parents to be present throughout their infant's hospital stay had a positive effect on the child's health, in terms of a shorter hospital stay, lower risk of moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and a positive impact on the mother–infant relationship at discharge (7,8). Family-centred care was used as the philosophy of care in both groups, although the extent to which it was practised was different because of the physical environment. The intervention group was admitted to a unit with separate rooms for all families, including beds for both parents and a private bathroom. At least one parent was expected to be with the baby around-the-clock. An essential part of the strategy was the initial parental support associated with newly admitted and very unstable infants, who were cared for in a four-bed room. At this stage, the staff took full responsibility for infant care, but the parents were close by to support the infant's emotional needs. The parents became primary caregivers when the infant reached a stable state and was moved into the single family room. All rooms had equipment for supplementary oxygen and nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Daily caring and surveillance of the infant was handed over to the parents,


Abstract : A binary BCH error control code is a vector subspace of binary N- tuples. Algebraically, the code is generated by a polynomial having binary coefficients and roots in GF(2m). It is decoded by computing a set of syndrome equations which are multivariate polynomials over GF(2m) and which exhibit a certain symmetry. If the number of transmission errors in a received word does not exceed a bound t for the code, the roots of the syndromes are the locations, in the received word, of those errors. These multivariate polynomials are taken as the basis for an ideal in the ring of polynomials in t variables over GF(2m). A celebrated algorithm by Buchberger produces a reduced Groebner basis of that ideal. It tums out that, since the common roots of all the polynomials in the ideal are a set of isolated points, this reduced Groebner basis is in triangular form, and the univariate polynomial in that basis is the well known BCH error locator polynomial, the roots of which specify the error locations. Decoding is algorithmically complete when this polynomial is known. Decoding, Algebraic functions, Polynomials


By the 1600's evidence had accumulated that the length of a lunar month in Earth days was slowly decreasing with time, which led to various speculations as to why this might be so, including drag/retardation of the Moon and planets by some kind of aether. In Vol. IV, Book X, Chap. VII of his treatise Mecanique Celeste (1805), Laplace [2] considered that if gravity were due a fluid whose particles move towards the force center at a finite speed u of propagation, this would imply a retarding force on the Moon such that the radius of its orbit would "quickly" drop to zero. Use this argument to estimate the ratio u/c, where c is the speed of light in vacuum. Laplace did not consider gravity to be associated with a retarded scalar potential of the form later introduced by Riemann (1858, but published posthumously only in 1867) [3] and Lorenz [4, 5, 6]. Does a retarded scalar potential lead to a retarding force?


The year's second issue of Ibsen Studies takes the reader through a spatial, temporal, methodological and even generational journey in the Ibsen world from Milwaukee, Chicago and New York to Hong Kong, and from the beginning of the 20 century to the end of World War 2. Not only that, film, theatre and performance, Digital Humanities, literary studies and even economics meet in this landscape. Furthermore, this issue celebrates the debut of a new generation of Ibsen scholars, who bring to light new datasets and fresh perspectives from their doctoral research. Lars August Fodstad's "Economic extensions in Space and Time: Mediating Value in Pillars of the Community and A Doll's House" weaves together literature, economy and media history, focusing on the central role of money in Ibsen's works. He demonstrates how the macroeconomic structures in Pillars of the Community are built on the relationship between time, information and money, whereas in the microeconomic household universe of A Doll's House, risk management is connected, for example, with the private trading of the female body. Overall, Fodstad approaches the consequences of the characters' financial behaviour as a way to thematise and highlight the importance of temporal and spatial displacement not only in Ibsen's plays, but also in the modern drama in general. Svein Henrik Nyhus's inquiry into "Ibsen in the GermanAmerican Theatre" exploits further the principle of spatial extension, but from a quantitative Digital Humanities and theatre historiographical perspective. The article draws on the author's recently defended doctoral dissertation and focuses on the contribution of German immigrant communities to the breakthrough of Ibsen in America at the beginning of the 20 century, using the IbsenStage database as a starting point. It demonstrates the


This study characterises the mortar materials used in the construction of walls and floors at the Arroyo de la Dehesa de Velasco site, located near the Roman city of Uxama Argaela (the modern Burgo de Osma—Ciudad de Osma, Soria, Spain). Multilayer mortars have been characterised by petrographic, mineralogical (X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analyses and geochemical analysis (X-ray fluorescence). Additionally, radiocarbon dating of the mortar binder fraction was performed in order to establish the chronology of the building in the absence of other archaeological chronological records. The results showed that similar siliceous aggregates and lime binders were used in the fabrication of multilayer system mortars. Some multilayer wall mortars show ceramic fragments or brick powder to produce hydraulic mortars and improve the resistance to moisture. The raw materials used for the construction of the site were of local origin and the construction was built during the first century BC, according to radiocarbon dating.


The Stellenbosch University (SU) Centre for Teaching and Learning (CTL) offers professional learning opportunities for academics, such as Auxin sessions, to engage in courageous conversations about teaching and learning. Like many other centres that wish to flourish, the CTL has a vision and mission statement, to define the direction the Centre is moving in. The Centre's Vision states that it strives to be a knowledge partner that advances the teaching and learning culture at SU in a way that promotes a just society in South Africa. The CTL Mission is to create professional learning opportunities for academics and to be thought leaders for scholarly teaching and learning. Against this background, the research question is: does the CTL Auxin Project contribute to the realisation of this Vision and Mission? The question is explored by analysing self-evaluation documents. The analysis is grounded in the philosophical hermeneutic methodology, which is associated with textual interpretation. I employ the hermeneutic circle in combination with the notion of 'rhythmic action' as exploratory framework. The hermeneutic circle is described by Bontekoe (in Kinsella, 2006:5) as a circle with two poles: one being the object of comprehension and the other, the various parts thereof. Through this analysis, I show how the two poles, represented by the CTL Vision and Mission on the one hand and the Auxin project on the other, are bound together in a relationship of mutual clarification. In addition, I employ 'rhythmic action' (Agamben 1999) as a lens through which to understand the nexus between educational theory and practice. When there is an interruption in the rhythmic flow, it reveals a particular status of the practice. The interruption, in this case, is the CTL Self-Evaluation Reports. It opens up the rhythm, thereby offering a lens through which to understand the nexus. Findings suggest that there seems to be an interplay between the CTL Vision and the Auxin Project, characterised by successful and less successful aspects. The SU CTL Self-Evaluation Reports, as 'interruption', give more insight into the 'rhythmic action' between theory and practice, and presents an opportunity for implementing possible change. Regardless of the seeming interplay, there are two main concerns: 1 there is an apparent gap between the social justice intension expressed in the CTL Vision, and the way it plays out in practice; 2 the extent to which the activities of the Centre are responsive to transformation. The analysis can be regarded as meaningful educational research because it adds value on both theoretical and practical levels. On a theoretical level I demonstrated the use of the hermeneutic circle as exploratory framework to illuminate an academic development project. I also show cased how Agamben's 'rhythmic action' can be used as a lens to understand the nexus between educational theory and practice. On a practical level I suggest that academic development units should find ways to encourage the scholarship of teaching and learning amongst academics. It can therefore be argued that the findings could enhance the professional growth of academic developers.


T he present paper analysis the fixed point theorem in fuzzy Metric space using compatible and sequencetially continuous Maps Our results extend, generalize and fuzzify several fixed point theorems on Metric spaces


. During the COVID-19 pandemic situation, accessing a chemical laboratory becomes problematic. The issues emerge not only for experimentalists but also for computational chemists who require additional access to the computer hardware for maintenance purposes. As a result, a predictive computational chemistry study is required before conducting laboratory research, which necessitates access to the laboratory. Therefore, in the present work, an efficient and user-friendly command-line interface software is developed to speed up the whole research in the field of Computational Chemistry. The software can be installed easily in elastic computing systems, personal computers, and other high-performance computing environments. The software employed both classical and quantum mechanics to perform fast calculations that could quickly predict physical and chemical properties. Therefore, by using the implemented tools, the experimentalists can predict possible reaction routes quickly, reducing the time in the lab, and thus preventing the virus exposal.


The author studies the set of smooth isotopy classes of embeddings of a sphere in a manifold having homotopy type , where . He obtains an explicit expression for in terms of the group and the well-known Haefliger groups of knots and finite links of the sphere in?.Bibliography: 7 items.


An optical sensor is designed to support the Fano effect based on a compound resonant waveguide grating (CRWG). The transmission spectra of the CRWG are investigated by utilizing a theoretical method that combines the temporal coupled mode theory with the eigenmode information of the grating structure. The theoretical results, which are observed to agree closely with those acquired by rigorous coupled-wave analysis, show that the linewidth of the transmission spectrum decreases upon increasing the distance between the grating strips, and the central resonance frequency decreases as the refractive index of the analyte increases. Here, the proposed CRWG structures will find potential uses in optical sensing.


The Cage Systems is an innovative moulding process whereby the tooling surface is heated up instantaneously so that the composite material can be heated and cooled in just a few seconds, directly in the tooling.


The high resolution field of view of the human eye only covers a tiny fraction of the total field of view. While this arrangement allows for great economy in computational resources, it forces the visual system to solve others that would not exist with a wide field of uniform high resolution. One of these problems is how to determine where to redirect the fovea given only the low-resolution information available in the periphery. The advent of spatially-variant receptor arrays for cameras has made it imperative that computational solutions to this problem be found. While the use of motion in this role is well accepted, color has been associated strongly with foveal vision. We show that color cues are well preserved under low resolution and illustrate an algorithm for locating objects based on color histograms that is both effective under low resolution and computationally efficient.


Background. Hypertensive heart disease (HD) is a chronic abnormality that affects various systems of the body and is especially unfavorable for women of reproductive age.
The purpose of the study was to develop a comprehensive program of physical rehabilitation for young women suffering with stage I hypertensive heart disease at the outpatient stage of rehabilitation and evaluate its effectiveness.
Materials and methods. 42 young women with a diagnosis of HD were randomly divided into two groups: one performing traditional physical rehabilitation (control group) and the other following a method based on the Pilates system. Questionnaire, Martinet-Kushelevsky test, modified Romberg test, and Deshin test were performed.
Results. Questionnaire and examination for determination of therapeutic tasks in the application of physical rehabilitation show improvement due to the use of the suggested methodology. Indicators of Martinet-Kushelevsky test improved from 2.46 points to 5.48 points (p<0.01) which is better (p<0.05) than in the case of the traditional methodology where they changed from 2.44 to 4.61 (p<0.01). Kotov-Deshin test results show improvement in both groups evenly but the test results of the women of the main group improved from "unsatisfactory" to "good", and those of the women of the control group improved from "unsatisfactory" to "satisfactory" with significantly better results in the main group (p<0.05). Distribution of the Romberg test results show improvement of vestibular stability in all participants of the main group.
Conclusions. The proposed program of complex physical rehabilitation of patients with stage I hypertensive heart disease using the Pilates method proved to be effective. Due to this program, there was a significant decrease in heart rate, systolic and diastolic pressure, an improvement in the response of the cardiovascular system to the Martinet-Kushelevsky functional test as well as in the state of the respiratory and nervous systems, as evidenced primarily by the indicators of hypoxic tests, spirometry, clino- and orthostatic tests, with the Romberg and Deshin methods.


Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the most infectious diseases and causes of death in children in developing countries. This type of research is an analytical survey method with cross sectional approach with the aim to find out the factors that influence the high ARI in infants with the study population as many as 218 mothers of toddlers and samples taken by random sampling are 69 people. The results showed that knowledge had sig-p 0.016 0.05, exclusive breastfeeding sig-p 0.004 <0.05, ventilation sig-p 0.040 <0.05 and dwelling density of sig -p 0.014 <0.05. The conclusion is the influence of knowledge, exclusive breastfeeding, ventilation and density of occupancy of the high ARI in toddlers, while the attitude has no influence on the high ARI in toddlers. It is hoped that this research can be used as a source of explanations and input for the Deleng Pokhkisen Health Center to improve information provision to mothers and the community in the form of counseling or health promotion. Keywords : Influencing Factors, High ARI Disease


The different re-significations on the film Pra Frente Brasil [Forward Brazil] are brought forth from contemporary newspapers and censure-published documents and subsequently analyzed. The several perceptions denounce the conflict between memory with regard to the military regime and the long "transition towards democracy".


Why do people kill themselves? In many cases we never know for certain, but it must usually mean that life has become unbearable. The "slings and arrows of outrageous fortune" can no longer be tolerated, and suicide becomes a means to "take arms against a sea of troubles and, by opposing, end them" (Shakespeare's Hamlet, act III, scene I). For some persons, Huntington disease (HD) becomes one of those unbearable burdens. In his original description of the disease, George Huntington (1872) himself referred to HD as "that form of insanity that leads to suicide" (p.


The use of UAVs in civilian and domestic applications is highly demanding, requiring a high-level of capability from the vehicles. This work addresses the task in which a UAV is performing an inspection on a set of power lines and an emergency situation occurs requiring the UAV to avoid the lines and then find a safe landing area (a forced landing). This problem is approached using vision, where the vision system acts as the overall controller sending velocity commands to a low-level controller. The use of vision here allows the 2D position of the UAV to be updated by an image-based signal where the error to minimize is the location of a feature or set of features in the image. The system has been tested in a air vehicle simulator (AVS) - a cable array robot which allows to simulate and control three DOF (translation) of a UAV. Results obtained from tests in a scale scenario show the feasibility of this approach


Case 1: A 28-year-old female developed chronic scaly erythemas on the occipital scalp and was diagnosed with psoriasis at the age of 16. Furthermore, she had been suffering from joint pain in the anterior chest wall, left shoulder, wrist, and toes for several years. A physical examination revealed keratotic erythematous plaques on the scalp, back, and left elbow (Fig. 1a). Neither of the palms or soles was involved. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score was 4.5. Moreover, the anterior chest wall was painful and showed swelling (Fig. 1b). A laboratory examination showed a slight increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) (1.0 mg/dL); however, rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 were within the normal ranges. Technetium-99 bone scintigraphy revealed increased uptake in the thorax, right wrist, and right fourth toe (Fig. 1c). The patient was treated with topical corticosteroid and oral methotrexate 7.5 mg/week.


The erosive effect of some commercial yogurts including different calcium contents on enamel surface Min-A Kim, Seong-Soog Jeong, Hye-Jeong Youn, Young-Nam Park, Choong-Ho Choi, Suk-Jin Hong Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Brain Korea 21 Project, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Department of Dental Hygiene, Suwon Women's College, Department of Dental Hygiene, Jeonbuk Science College


This guide will teach Java programmers how to write programs with JavaBeans. It explains how to integrate JavaBeans with other component models such as ActiveX, JDBC, RMI and OpenDoc. The CD includes Sun's Java 1.1 Developer's Kit and Beans Development Kit, documentation, and sample Bean example.


: Most in Hawai ʻ i are familiar with the phrase, " Ua mau ke ea o ka 'ā ina i ka pono, " roughly translated as " the life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness. " However, the Western adoption of this phrase has resulted in its colonization and retranslation, devaluing its significance for Native Hawaiians. This project historically traces the phrase, focusing on: ea, aina, and pono. Of particular concern is how the phrase is translated/embodied for the consumption of a global audience as the title of an episode of the hit crime series Hawaii Five-0 . We discuss the implications of the show's use of the phrase, specifically the appropriation of Hawaiian culture and language, and its resultant impact on understanding Hawaiian identity. We conclude that shows like Hawaii Five-0 distort and/or prevent an accurate understanding of what is authentically "Hawaiian," by downplaying the uniqueness of Hawaiian identity in favor of its continued exoticization.


: Living beyond the hype, the Internet of things (IoT) continues to grow and has clearly emerged as a leading-edge topic in information systems. As the IoT moves beyond novel technologies and exploratory sandbox initiatives to ubiquitous technologies and full production, understanding the phenomenon surrounding IoT challenges and issues has become even more important. In this paper, we explore the critical issues and challenges currently facing IoT adoption and implementation in order to identify areas that require further study. Specifically, we discuss IoT from several key perspectives including IoT connectivity, platforms and 5G, IoT analytics, IoT privacy, security, and litigation risks, IoT business value and monetization, and human interaction with IoT and design considerations Finally, through identifying the current state of IoT and IoT research, we identify potential areas of contribution and future directions for IoT research.


The study was carried out on 7 human placental cotyledons. Placental perfusions performed by Schneider method modified by Miller were conducted for 180 min. assessment of arterial and venous pressure in fetal blood was performed. There were no statistically significant differences between obtained values of perfusion pressure obtained the experiment. The range of vessels perfusion resistance was stable during the experiment. The results ot this study lead to conclusion that the method used can be valuable for assessment of other perfusion liquid parameters and introduced to subsequent experiments.


We studied several issues related to the area of consumer behavior and conclude, as the marketing is focused on understanding and explaining the behavior of ...


One of the key issues facing the environmental manager is the sustainable management of solid waste. Recovery of this waste for recycling often presents the best practical environmental option and companies, industry and Government have set a number of targets for its recycling. A particular challenge is encountered when waste recovery depends on voluntary action. Currently, there is no means of predicting the performance of these voluntary schemes in advance. This paper presents a new mathematical model of waste recovery that can potentially enable these predictions to be made. The model utilizes a process simulation approach to describe the material balance from consumption to discard. Flow partitions within the balance are governed by human decisions. In the model these decisions are represented by probability-distribution functions comprising an explained component and an unexplained random component. The explained component is linked to the demographics of the sample population. The key antecedent factors that affect the human decisions have been delineated from a literature survey of the psychological factors affecting recycling. Their representation in the model is consistent with established theories of recycling behaviour. The new model is able to provide simultaneous time-series predictions of scheme participation rates, total weights of material collected and the composition of this material. The model has been tested on a newspaper kerbside collection scheme and has produced good fits to all measured indicators of recycling performance. The model has additionally predicted the existence and correct scale of observed local variations in recycling behaviours between streets. The potential use of the model as an environmental-management tool is discussed with reference to establishing new collection schemes and to the optimization of the performance of existing schemes.1998 Academic Press


Objective
To analyze and investigate the risk factors of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate.

Methods
From January, 2013 to October, 2017, 40 children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate were selected as an observation group and 40 healthy children a control group. The clinical data and general data of these two groups were collected. The factors related to cleft lip and palate were investigated in two groups.

Results
In the observation group, 27.50% mothers' childbearing age was over 35, 20.00% had cleft lip and palate family history, and 77.50% parents had low educational level; which were higher than those in the control group (2.50%, 12.50%, and 42.50%), all P<0.05. In the observation group, 65.00% mothers had the strong pregnancy reaction, 72.50% mothers had pregnancy infection, 57.50% mothers had history of drug use during pregnancy, 52.50% mothers had active / passive smoking during pregnancy, and 32.50% mothers had history of drinking alcohol during pregnancy; which were significantly higher than those in the control group (40.00%, 10.00%, 12.50%, 27.50%, and 5.00%), all P<0.05.

Conclusions
The risk factors of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate are complex and varied; and corresponding intervention measures should be taken to reduce the risk factors.

Key words:
Non-syndrome cleft lip and palate; Incidence; Risk factors; Investigation and analysis


A cheat-resistant and foolproof distributed electronic application for summative assessment of student learning outcomes has been developed and field tested "Online eXam"(OX). Good usability experience and feedback features for the students as well as the lecturers were design goals of the implementation. The field tests showed the robustness of the system in a heterogenic PC pool environment, the ease of use and a good student learning outcome assessment ability (summative assessment) but a lack of a formative impact on the student learning efforts. The incorporation and adoption (for European needs) of a short essay assessment algorithm with a rich user interface is proposed.


This paper reports the gain-switched InP-based $\boldsymbol{1.55 \mu\mathrm{m}}$ Qdash lasers on silicon. We investigated the laser performance and related physical parameters by carrying out gain-switching test for lasers on Si and InP. The future direction of improving laser performance was pointed by analyzing the parameters.


This paper describes the deformation of the sliding surfaces of a mechanical seal. That is, the values of the deformation due to the seal pressure and the oil film pressure are analyzed theoretically, in the analysis a mechanical seal is considered as a ring having rectangular section. Then the seal characteristics are tested by some analogical experiments in which a surface having the shape of theoretical deformation are used as a sliding surface of a mechanical seal.And the followings are obtained.1) The distribution of the oill film pressure between the sliding surfaces is varied by the deformed shape of the surfaces, then the necessary thrust force to seal the fluid is greatly influenced to the shape also.2) It is necessary to balance the moments arround the center of the axial section for decreasing the amount of the surface deformation.3) In the outside type seal a concave shaped surface which gives convex shape oil film pressure distribution shows more stable seal caracteristics than a plane shaped one.


Gas is the most dangerous in coal mine.At present,it is the focus of domestic and foreign studies to manage coal-mine gas by microbe.Methane-degradation bacterium was collected from refuse landfill of Xi'an Jiang Cun gutter.Identify the bcterium using morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequencing and comparison.The culturing and reaction conditions for methane utilization of this strain were investigated.The results indicated that the bacterium is Bacillus atrophaeus and the optimal temperature for the growth of the cultivation is 32 ℃ and medium initial pH 6.5,and the O2∶CH4=2∶3.Methane utilization of this strain in 48 hours was nearly 50% in this condition.


To assess the role of p27kip1 in regulating dental formation and alveolar bone development, we compared the teeth and mandible phenotypes of homozygous p27kip1‐deficient (p27−/−) mice with their wild‐type littermates at 2 weeks of age. At 2 weeks of age, dental mineral density, dental volume and dentin sialoprotein‐immunopositive areas were increased significantly, whereas the predentin area : total dentin area and biglycan‐immunopositive area : dentin area ratios were decreased significantly in p27−/− mice compared with their wild‐type (WT) littermates. Mandible mineral density, cortical thickness, alveolar bone volume, type I collagen and osterix‐immunopositive areas, osteoblast number and activity and mRNA expression of Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein (bmp2) were all significantly increased in the mandibles, as was the number and surface of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive osteoclasts in the alveolar bone of p27−/− mice compared with their WT littermates. Furthermore, the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen‐positive cells in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath and protein expression of cyclin E and cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 were increased significantly in p27−/− mice relative to their WT littermates. The results from this study indicate that p27 plays a negative regulatory role in dentin formation and alveolar bone development.


The chemical composition and the enzymatic activities of normal and silicotic alveolar macrophages were compared in order to investigate the changes occurring after the introduction of quartz into the lung. As shown from the SDS-PAGE results, the protein composition of the silicotic alveolar macrophages was different from the normal in three places. Two protein lines showed increased intensity and one protein line was absent from the gel of the silica containing cells.The lecithin and lysolecithin contents were both increased in the silicotic macrophages. The presence of an increased amount of lysolecithin may indicate that the cells were destroyed by the quartz.The acid phosphatase actvity and the oxygen consumption of the silica containing cells were both lower than normal cells.After treatment of the silicotic rats with PVNO, the composition and the enzymatic activities of the macrophages were all returned to the normal level. This shows that PVNO protects the alveolar macrophages from destruction by the quartz particles. Other drugs tested also showed some protective effect on the cells.


The critical parameters of single homogeneous units are examined and tabulated. The study includes both theoretical and experimental results which are compared extensively in order to establish the accuracy of the theoretical method. The experimental data are reduced to standard conditions to facilitate this comparison and to investigate the consistency of the large number of critical experiments. Given the validity of the calculational scheme, the various affects of diluents (including moderators), reflectors, density charges,and poisons are studied. Finally, by application of the theory, results are obtained which are inaccessible or very difficult to obtain by experimental methods.


From 1861 to the eve of the October Revolution in 1917, Russian Empire was full of contradictions and contrasts. The newly emerging political forces and the revolutionary intellectuals were consistently confined by a rigid autocracy. But never stopped the struggle between the dictatorial and the antiauthoritarian, in which the revolutionary tradition of the Russian people was carried forward.


The present invention provides a thin-walled soft-feel water-based paint. In particular, the thin-layer, water-based softfeel water-based paint is provided with a layer thickness of about 20 to 25 micrometers. The present invention offers the advantage of cost savings and odor improvement due to the reduced amount of paint as well as an improvement in the impact resistance of the product surface.


tbI, irstedition was published so, recently asJl809, Is. clear testimony of its aceeptability;.its. worh, _ha._ beea oonsltsntly recognized In the columns. ot. the BmIxIsH MaDIoAI, J-UBmAL as-the suceesiva editiona hwe. cone o01t Inl_ the present edition the section on.. nvousr diseaseshas been revisedc with the object of, bluging, it u>4,t,dgte rather than of making: materIaLchbnges In the te6. The alterations conitat of a large number. ofshort Interpolations, and the substitution of new figur-es for certain of theold ones. In the section_. on. mental disorders .the.classificatAon of Kraepellnhas. been added to the chapter on claeaiflcations,for purposes of referencee, and tWo, new; chapters. have bepn written on manicdepressive inoauity, so called, and dementia praecox respectively. In other respects the book, remains what it was-aealear, brightly.-written account of the essentials of neurolQgy and psychiatry. It does not, profess to the_ exhastive and even cyclopaedic character of some works on these subjects, particularly some,on neurology, but the matter is well arrsknged, and as far as we have observed, always to the point. Some of-the figure3 are, perhaps, not very well executed, but they, have alirays real educational value.


Abstract Aim To define and clarify the concept of leadership in the context of digital health services using Walker's and Avant's concept analysis model. Background Conceptualizing leadership in the context of digital health services is needed to deliver higher quality services and advance research. Method Searches were conducted of MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCO) and ProQuest (ABI/INFORM). Empirical articles were included if they reported attributes, antecedents or consequences of leadership in the study context. A total of 4037 references were identified; 23 were included. Results Leadership attributes concerned leaders' behaviour, roles and qualities. Antecedents concerned informatics skills and competence, information and tools, understanding care systems and their complexity and education. Consequences related to organization, professionals and patient and care. Conclusion Based on our results, the term 'e‐leadership' should be more widely utilized in nursing practice and research. Implications for nursing management Nurse leaders need to be strong leaders; they need to be visionary and use strategic thinking to develop existing and new digital solutions. By becoming e‐leaders, nurse leaders may increase the successful development and implementation of eHealth and benefit clinicians and patients.


The growth in cost and importance of software to NASA has caused NASA to address the improvement of software development across the agency. One of the products of this program is a series of guidebooks that define a NASA concept of the assurance processes which are used in software development. The Software Assurance Guidebook, SMAP-GB-A201, issued in September, 1989, provides an overall picture of the concepts and practices of NASA in software assurance. Lower level guidebooks focus on specific activities that fall within the software assurance discipline, and provide more detailed information for the manager and/or practitioner. This is the Software Configuration Management Guidebook which describes software configuration management in a way that is compatible with practices in industry and at NASA Centers. Software configuration management is a key software development process, and is essential for doing software assurance. SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT GUIDEBOOK Approvals ____________________________________ Lawrence E. Hyatt Manager, Software Assurance Technology Center ___________________________________ Kathryn Kemp Deputy Director, NASA Software Technology Division I. GENERAL This guidebook defines Software Configuration Management (SCM) and describes its constituent functions, processes, and procedures. The guidebook also describes a generic set of organizational elements and responsibilities for operation of SCM. It defines the role of SCM, its interfaces and its functions throughout the software development life cycle. This guidebook also provides a basis for tailoring SCM for different projects with different life cycles and project specific requirements. Proper application of software configuration management is a key component in the development of quality software. Changes to the software under development are usually a significant cause of changes to a project's schedule and budget; unmanaged change is very possibly the largest single cause of failure to deliver systems on time and within budget. SCM is the process that has been developed to control and manage change. Change is inevitable during the software development life cycle. Changes to the software come from both external and internal sources. External changes originate from users, from evolution of operational environments, and from improvements in technology. Internal


The activation of C–O bonds in aryl methyl ethers is a fundamental method for cross-coupling of carbon–oxygen bonds, however, this process is highly challenging due to the high dissociation energy...


In different, distinctive ways, the essays in this volume can be seen to combine two strands of recent work on the anthropology of art – with the category 'art' partially under erasure – as they survey the problem of indigenous art within settler states. We are, of course, indebted to Nelson Graburn for the first real move in this direction. In his original edited collection (Graburn, 1976), Graburn both drew attention to this category of material culture and also gave it theoretical significance as 'Fourth World art', insisting that some of its most salient characteristics were comprehensible only through exploration of the distinctive social contexts of its production and circulation. The thrust of these essays, in that tradition, lies with the potential of complex object forms (objects, art, performance) to address strategically the complex boundaries between indigenous and non-indigenous people and cultures within settler societies. The essays refer specifically to the circumstances of Canada, but their historical and geographical ramifications extend more broadly and their interest as instances of the analysis of Fourth World arts is great. The first strand of the current work in the anthropology of art – commemorated for me in the title of the collection's original American Anthropological Association Panel 'Beyond Art/Artifact/Tourist Art' – evokes the Primitivism debates around and after the Museum of Modern Art's 1984 exhibition. Responding to "'Primitivism' and 20thCentury Art', these debates were cogently articulated in James Clifford's well-known review (1985) and his subsequent essay 'On Collecting Art and Culture' (Clifford, 1988a). The second strand of


Introduction The gradual depletion of fossil fuel and drastically increase of the price of petrol have driven researchers looking into a new source of sustainable energy resources. Biofuel production from vegetable oils such as canola oil (Idem et al., 1996) and palm oil (Twaiq et al., 2003) are recently being studied over different types of cracking catalysts. With biofuel produced from the vegetable oil, the green house effect and air pollution can be minimized due to the recycling of carbon source from the air to the plant in closed cycle compare to the fossil fuels. Nevertheless, the high cost of the vegetable oil in comparison to the price of fossil fuel was one of the main reasons for not taking off the growth of biorefinery for production of fuels and chemicals from sustainable resources. Therefore, palm oil based fatty acids mixture available as the residue from oleochemical industries was explored as raw materials by Ooi et al.(2004) instead of crude palm oil for the production of biofuel. Besides, the used palm oil (fried oil) obtained from the fast food restaurant can be utilized as the raw material. The utilization of these materials will not only help in cleaning up the waste but by converting them into value added chemical products. The consistent supply of these materials should not pose any problem in the near future. Catalytic cracking of vegetable oil for liquid hydrocarbon production was studied over various microporous catalysts (Idem et al., 1997; Twaiq et al., 1999) as well as mesoporous catalysts (Twaiq et al., 2003). Different types of catalysts show different activity and selectivity for cracking of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids present in the vegetable oil. The product distribution varied due to the shape selectivity effect and accessibility to the active sites. In the current study, the used palm oil discarded from the restaurants was utilized as raw material. Composite catalyst consists of mesoporous material MCM-41 and microporous material ZSM-5 was synthesized with two different methods in order to study their performance in used palm oil cracking in terms of the yield of gasoline fraction.


Development of the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola was evaluated during infection of three cabbage varieties: Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba 'Stone Head' (white cabbage), B. oleracea var. capitata f. rubra 'Langedijker Dauer' (red cabbage) and B. oleracea var. capitata f. sabauda 'Langedijker Dauerwirsing' (Savoy cabbage). Following inoculation of cabbage leaves, conidial germination, germ tube growth, and appressorium formation were analysed during the first 24 h of infection. Differences in the dynamics of fungal development on leaves were observed, e.g. approximately 40% of conidia germinated on Savoy cabbage leaves at 4 h post‐inoculation (hpi) while only 20% germinated on red and white cabbage leaves. Leaf penetration on the three cabbage varieties mainly occurred through appressoria, rarely through stomata. Formation of infection cushions was found exclusively on red cabbage. Appressoria were first observed on red cabbage leaves at 6 hpi, and on white and Savoy cabbage leaves at 8 hpi. Conidiogenesis occurred directly from mature conidia at an early stage of fungal development (10 hpi), but later (48 hpi) it occurred through conidiophores. Disease progress and changes in the morphology of leaf surfaces were also observed. At the final 120 hpi measurement point, necroses on all investigated varieties were approximately the same size. Based on detailed light and electron microscopic analyses, an outline of the A. brassicicola infection cycle on B. oleracea leaves under growth room conditions has been proposed. According to the authors' knowledge, this report represents the most detailed up‐to‐date description of infection of B. oleracea varieties by A. brassicicola.


The paper deals with the unification of Denmark into one kingdom. This happened in the early 8th century A.D., if not before, and the author draws attention to the development of the Nordic ship into a fast, seagoing vessel as an important factor in this development, as it made the coast of Denmark very vulnerable to attack from the sea compelled the Danes in defence of their homeland.


Purpose COVID-related stressors associated with loss of income and community are compounded with gender minority stress among trans and non-binary people (TNB), which may result in mental health burden. The present study examined the effect of COVID-related change in finances and TNB gathering access on anxiety and depression among TNB people. Methods Participants were 18 years and older (M age = 30) who completed both pre-pandemic baseline (Fall 2019) and pandemic follow-up (Fall 2020) surveys in the Trans PULSE Canada study. Multivariable regression analyses examined associations between change in (1) finances and (2) access to TNB peers and mental health during the pandemic. Results Of 780 participants, 50% reported that COVID had a negative effect on personal income and 58.3% reported loss in access to TNB peer or friend gatherings (in person or online). Depression and anxiety symptoms increased from pre-pandemic to follow-up, and most participants were above measurement cut-offs for clinical levels during the pandemic. Changes in finances and access to peer gatherings were associated with depression symptoms during the pandemic, but effects depended on level of pre-pandemic depression. For participants with high pre-pandemic depression, financial stability was not protective against increased depression at follow-up. Participants experiencing unprecedentedly high levels of depression during COVID may have pursued more TNB gatherings. Neither financial change nor access to TNB gatherings were associated with pandemic anxiety. Conclusion Findings suggest need for a multifaceted approach to mental health programmes and services to address structural barriers, including financial support and meaningful TNB community engagement.


The Metropolitan Washington, D.C., area water supply study being conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers presents an approach in planning for water supplies that can lead to regional management. The challenge, however, rests with the local decision‐makers in seeing that a management plan is adopted for the Metropolitan Washington area. Unfortunately, local governments find themselves in a dilemma revolving around the economic and selfsufficient nature of governance. This paper explains how the Metropolitan Washington area has reached a point when new supplies must be developed. The area's supply base is a finite resource where previous independent actions have not caused any serious problems. Now there are obvious advantages in cooperating to develop a regional water policy as well as sharing in the development of cost‐effective solutions.


A scanner device includes: a scanning path on which a scanning member for scanning an image from a document is disposed; a supply path on which a document is supplied to the scanning path; a discharge path on which a document is discharged after scanning of the document on the scanning path has been completed; and a re-supply path that extended to the supply path from a intersection where the scanning path and the discharge path cross so that a document fed along the discharge path in a direction opposite to a document-feeding direction is re-supplied to the supply path after scanning of one side of the document has been completed, wherein one-side guide portions of the supply path, the discharge path, and the re-supply path are integrally formed.


Abstract Sweden has one of the most important aid programmes of the Western countries. One of the institutions through which this aid is given is SAREC, the Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries. Ove Stephansson looks at the present SAREC programme, with a particular emphasis on the cooperation with Nicaragua.


Strong interactions at low energies.- Foundations and scope of chiral perturbation theory.- Aspects of nucleon chiral perturbation theory.- Estimates of low-energy parameters.- Thoughts on large N c QCD.- Pion observables and QCD.- Light hadron physics from the lattice.- Summary of ?-? scattering experiments.- Working group on ?? scattering.- Summary of the two pion threshold and chiral anomaly working group.- Low-energy photon-photon collisions to two-loop order.- Pion and sigma polarizabilities and radiative transitions.- Nucleon polarizabilities.- Pion (Kaon) and sigma polarizabilities.- Report of the working group on nucleon polarizabilities.- Tests of predictions from chiral perturbation theory for ?N scattering.- Pion-nucleon sigma term.- A meson-exchange model of pion-nucleon interaction.- ?N working group summary.- Measurement of the strong interaction shift and width of the 1S levels in pionic hydrogen and deuterium.- Is isospin symmetry violated in the pion-nucleon sector at threshold?.- Is f ?NN 2 =0.0755 ? A look at VPI FA93 and new Experimental Results.- Threshold pion photo- and electroproduction in chiral perturbation theory.- Pion-production experiments at NIKHEF.- Pion photoproduction and compton scattering at saskatoon (SAL).- Threshold photo/electro pion production - working group Summary.- Spin physics with polarized electrons: MIT-bates program.- Recent achievements and future plans at Frascati.- Experiments at the electron accelerator MAMI.- Conclusions.


A series of homogeneous and highly dispersed CoMnOx bimetallic oxides with different ratios were prepared through pyrolysis of CoMn-MOF-71, which was applied to the catalytic oxidation of toluene.


We perform a quantitative analysis of the costs and benefits of using file systems whose long term reliability methods are based on erasure codes. We compare it with replication a special case of erasure codes that is used in many reliable file systems. Our main goal in benefit analysis is to see how much of an increase in the expected system lifetime can be achieved with erasure codes or the storage requirement decreased given the same system lifetime requirement as a replicated system. Our main goal in cost analysis is to model the effect of erasure codes on latency and throughput of the system taking into factor code properties like decoding time and complexity. We also present a case study where we use previously measured values for the parameters of our modeled system to get an idea of the behavior of a real system.


The supercritical-water-cooled power reactor (SCPR) is expected to reduce power costs compared with those of current LWRs because of its high thermal efficiency and simple reactor system. The high thermal efficiency is obtained by supercritical pressure water cooling. The fuel cladding surface temperature increases locally due to a synergistic effect from the increased coolant temperature, the expanded flow deflection due to coolant density change and the decreased heat transfer coefficient, if the coolant flow distribution is non-uniform in the fuel assembly. Therefore, the SCPR fuel assembly is designed using a subchannel analysis code based on the SILFEED code for BWRs. The SCPR fuel assembly has many square-shaped water rods. The fuel rods are arranged around these water rods. The fuel rod pitch and diameter are 11.2 mm and 10.2 mm, respectively. Since coolant flow distribution in the fuel assembly strongly depends on the gap width between the fuel rod and the water rod, the proper gap width is examined. Subchannel analysis shows that the coolant flow distribution becomes uniform when the gap width is 1.0 mm. The maximum fuel cladding surface temperature is lower than 600°C and the temperature margin of the fuel cladding is increased in the design.


The changing fortunes of the native Red squirrel and the introduced Grey squirrel, as revealed by surveys conducted since 1930, are described The increasing distribution of the Grey squirrel is accompanied by a decline in distribution of the Red squirrel. The Grey squirrel is now found in most parts of England and Wales south of Cumbria and Northumberland, whilst the Red is located mainly in Cumbria and Northumberland, East Anglia, parts of Wales, with smaller isolated colonies on the Isle of Wight and elsewhere. In Scotland, the Grey squirrel continues to spread slowly but it is less widely distributed than the Red squirrel.


The American Diabetes Association offers access to a searchable database with useful information on the Association-funded research grants. The database provides an easy way to learn more about the Association's Research Program and the critical and innovative biomedical research made possible through the generous support of donors and sponsors. Explore the database at professional.diabetes.org/meetings/ada-funded-research.


We have extended our recent work on nano-scale CoSi 2 formation from Co/Ti(O)multilayers on Si(100) to a self-aligned epitaxial CoSi 2 structure produced by a two-step RTA annealing process. Parallel oxide stripes/Si windows were produced on a 4-inch Si(100) wafer by thermal oxidation and patterning. Six layers of 20nm Co and 10nm Ti were deposited sequentially on the patterned wafers with Ti as the first layer. The wafers were then annealed at 550°C to 700°C in N 2 using a lamp RTA system. XTEM and RBS showed that a 25nm CoSi layer formed at the interface after a 650°C, 60sec annealing. The unreacted layers above it and oxide were selectively removed leaving a residual amorphous layer and CoSi intact on the patterned Si substrates. A second annealing at 900'C for 10sec produced 20nm of epitaxial CoSi 2 covered with an ∼10nm Co x Ti y (O)Si z surface layer. The epitaxial CoSi 2 layer was thermally stable up to 1000°C, had a resistivity of ∼20μΩ-cm, and consumed ∼300A of Si, thereby satisfying the most stringent deep submicron device contact scaling requirements.


This study proposes a workflow for land use and land cover (LULC) classification of Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 (PALSAR-2) images of the Brazilian tropical savanna (Cerrado) biome. The following LULC classes were considered: forestlands; shrublands; grasslands; reforestations; croplands; pasturelands; bare soils/straws; urban areas; and water reservoirs. The proposed approach combines polarimetric attributes, image segmentation, and machine-learning procedures. A set of 125 attributes was generated using polarimetric ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 images, including the van Zyl, Freeman–Durden, Yamaguchi, and Cloude–Pottier target decomposition components, incoherent polarimetric parameters (biomass indices and polarization ratios), and HH-, HV-, VH-, and VV-polarized amplitude images. These attributes were classified using the Naive Bayes (NB), DT J48 (DT = decision tree), Random Forest (RF), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms. The RF, MLP, and SVM classifiers presented the most accurate performances. NB and DT J48 classifiers showed a lower performance in relation to the RF, MLP, and SVM. The DT J48 classifier was the most suitable algorithm for discriminating urban areas and natural vegetation cover. The proposed workflow can be replicated for other SAR images with different acquisition modes or for other types of vegetation domains.


The invention discloses a method for extracting and separating a mulberry leaf flavone and alkaloid composite, which integrates acid water lixiviation, solvent extraction and column chromatographic separation. The method is used for deeply processing mulberry leaves so as to prepare high-purity mulberry flavone and alkaloid composite extract of different specifications. The mulberry leaves are leached by acidified deionized water; the process of extraction is performed by using ethyl acetate; the mulberry flavone is adsorbed and separated by using macroporous resin D101, and the eluent is 70 to 90 percent alcohol solution; and the mulberry alkaloid is separated by using Rohm and Hass FPC-21 cation exchange resin, and the eluent is 0.3 to 0.45 mol/L ammonia water. By using the method, the mulberry composite extract consisting of 10 to 90 percent of flavone and 5 to 50 percent of alkaloid can be prepared. The extraction/separation process of the invention is simple and convenient in method and low in cost, and can be used easily in industrial production.


The use of cost-effective ultra-light medium voltage power lines for remote rural communities is proposed. This will require the development of an electronic on-load tap changer to cope with the excessive voltage drops. The tap changer will be used with typical rural distribution transformers and a novel feature will be that it will contain intelligence so that the tap position can be determined not only from the voltage but also from the current.


The invention is suitable for the technical field of illumination devices, and discloses an automatically-focusing light-projecting device. The automatically-focusing light-projecting device comprises a light-projecting barrel, a light-condensing lens arranged on the end portion of the light-projecting barrel, a light source assembly slidably arranged in the light-projecting barrel, a light-reflecting cup fixedly connected to the light source assembly, and a telescopic drive element connected to the light source assembly and used for driving the light source assembly to slide along the light-projecting barrel. The automatically-focusing light-projecting device provided by the invention realizes automatic light distribution by virtue of the telescopic drive element; when a transparent bubble liner in a suspended light-emitting device moves up and down with the changes of an electromagnetic flux, the telescopic drive element synchronously adjusts and focuses; the automatically-focusing light-projecting device is capable of automatically adjusting light distribution, simple in structure, excellent in reliability, abundant in function, good in beautifying effect, and convenient to install, place and carry.


This presentation comprises a review on the use of molecular biotechnology for the purpose of promoting microbial biotechnology in brewing.The summaries of PCR identification technology,PCR-DGGE technology,recombination DNA technique,and the related technology in microbial identification,fermentation process monitoring and saccharomyces gene engineering bacteria screening application.And also described the molecular biology techniques play an important role in Jiannanchun liquor-making microbe study.


The Natural Resources Framework is a new approach to policy advice developed by the multi-agency natural resource sector in New Zealand. This framework has been implemented with some success, but also some teething problems. The framework is a 'systems' approach to understanding the interaction between the many actors in the natural resource management system, and as such could benefit from insights and lessons from the systems sciences. This article is a rejoinder to Hearnshaw et al. (2014), and presents three suggestions for how the framework could be improved based on literature from the fields of system dynamics and systems thinking.


Work today is more cognitive than ever before. Workers participate in more teams and interact with more people having diverse expertise. This allows for multiple skills and perspectives to be brought to bear on problem-solving situations. With these changes arises the need to explore how people with different levels of expertise and diverse knowledge actually work together in the course of their "inter-situated." activities. The emerging technologies to support collaborative work have the potential to enhance not only the effectiveness of intra-organizational teams but also interorganizational collaborative teams. A rich example of inter-organizational cognitive teamwork can be found in the United States AirTraffic Management (ATM) System. The ATM System is an ongoing and dynamic distributed cognitive system with tremendously high stakes. Because of the cognitive complexity of managing the NAS, tasks are decomposed in a way that limits the amount of data and knowledge that each individual needs in order to do his or her work. When this assumption of task independence is inadequate, however, it is necessary for the responsible individuals to interact. An example of this is pre-flight planning, which is rapidly increasing fn the extent to which there is task interdependence among FAA traffic management staff and airline dispatch staff. As a result, there is a great need to develop effective methods for both groups to gather and synthesize data and to work coUaboratively decide how to act.


We re-examine a non-Gaussian quantum error correction code designed to protect optical coherent-state qubits against errors due to an amplitude damping channel. We improve on a previous result [Phys. Rev. A 81, 062344 (2010)] by providing a tighter upper bound on the performance attained when considering realistic assumptions which constrain the operation of the gates employed in the scheme. The quantitative characterization is performed through measures of fidelity and concurrence, the latter obtained by employing the code as an entanglement distillation protocol. We find that, when running the code in fully-deterministic error correction mode, direct transmission can only be beaten for certain combinations of channel and input state parameters, whereas in error detection mode, the usage of higher repetition encodings remains beneficial throughout.


The distribution of antigenic determinants on a cellular level in serous ovarian neoplasms was evaluated using polyclonal and two monoclonal antibodies (OC 125 and 10B). The expression of antigens was estimated by an immunofluorescence test on each cell fraction isolated by density centrifugation from cystic fluids of individual malignant and benign ovarian tumors, taking into account the density and cytomorphologic features of cell subpopulations. It was found that the studied antibodies recognized different antigenic determinants. Significant immunologic heterogeneity of cells among and within individual tumors was shown. Our studies show the value of isolated cell subpopulations for comparing the reactivity of different antibodies and estimating their immunodiagnostic potency.


The purpose of this paper is to resolve the problem of the accuracy on traditional information retrieval, which brings ontology-based semantic information retrieval. The anthor wlilizes the method of establishing the domain semantic model with ontology technology, the membership of concept added to the process of semantic modeling, and to provide semantic annotation to facilitate computer calculation processing. The model considers two ways to solve the traditional search engine users search results returned relevance is not high, that is, the user query whether is "true expression" and search engines whether can reveal the nature of index web documents.


System 1 of Rice Intensification (SRI) developed in Madagascar 25 years ago is gaining wider acceptance in many countries including India. SRI method claims to greatly enhance water productivity and grain yield but there is lack of understanding of scientific principles underlying. Hence, in the present studies SRI method was evaluated across the country at 25 locations for four years. Results clearly indicated 7-20 per cent higher grain yield over the traditional irrigated transplanted rice. The varieties having better tillering ability and hybrids were found promising and recorded higher grain yield over HYVs with moderate tillering and scented cultivars. Root volume, dry mass, and dehydrogenase activity in soil (measure of microbial activity) was found to be higher in SRI method as compared to conventional method. SRI method reduced the seed rate by 80%, water requirement by 29% and growth duration by 8 – 12 days; thereby enhancing the water productivity and per day productivity of rice cultivars. The water saving alone should be a strong justification for adopting SRI method wherever water is not abundant. There is a need for further enhancing the productivity of rice under the SRI method by identifying the suitable cultivars, modification of practices to suit local agroclimatic conditions and by understanding the synergic effects among the different practices. Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world's population and plays a pivotal role in food security of many countries. More than 90% of the global production and consumption of rice is in Asia (IRRI, 1997). As for India, rice is not only a food 1 * Corresponding author : firstname.lastname@example.com commodity but also a source of foreign exchange earning about 11,000 cores annually. At the current rate of population growth (1.5%), the rice requirement by the year 2025 would be about 125 Mt. Enhancing the rice production from the current 99 million tons to the projected demand is a gigantic task. The projected trends indicate that the country has to add 1.7 Mt of additional rice every year under declining rice area, increasing cost of cultivation and shrinking natural resources like water. Among the constraints, water scarcity appears to be a major challenge affecting rice production across the globe. More than 80% of the fresh water resources in Asia are used for agriculture of which about half of the total irrigation water is used for rice production (Dawe et al., 1998). Water, which was abundant earlier, will increasingly become scarce in the years to come. Reliable estimates indicate that fresh water availability in India will be reduced to one-third of what is available today by 2025. Therefore, future rice production depends on how we improve the water use efficiency of the rice crop. Production of "more rice crop from every drop of water" will have to be the guiding principle for the future. Reducing amount of water in irrigated rice production has become a matter of global concern and of late water saving irrigation techniques have received renewed attention (Bouman and Tuong 2001). There are several options to improve the water use efficiency in rice production. Zero tillage, Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), Aerobic rice, Integrated Crop Management (ICM) and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) are some of the alterntive technologies to combat water scarcity (Bouman and Tuong 2001). SRI method has an edge over the former methods as water-saving does not have penalty on yields in this system. Therefore, efforts are being made in many countries to popularize SRI to overcome the challenges of water shortages.


This study aimed at comprehending the duty, role, and difficulty of intermediary manager through in-depth investigation of dental hygienist intermediary managers experienced over 10 years working in a dental clinic. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 dental intermediary managers and Giorgi ' s analysis method was used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that the work experience of the dental hygienist intermediary managers appeared in the range of " becoming an intermediary manager through various processes " , " various duties that they experience as an intermediary manager " , " difficulty as an intermediary manager " , " ability that they perceive as necessary for being a dental intermediary manager " , and " worthiness they feel as the intermediary manager " . The dental intermediary managers complained of difficulties at work, and appeared to perform various tasks such as human resource management, clinic management support, and patient ' s management. Accordingly, the researcher considers that research on dental intermediary managers ' capacity development necessary.


We present an approach to stochastic performance guarantees for multimedia servers with mixed workloads. Advanced multimedia applications such as digital libraries or teleteaching exhibit a mixed workload with accesses to both "continuous" and conventional, "discrete" data, where the fractions of continuous data and discrete data requests vary over time. We assume that a server shares all disks among continuous and discrete data, and we develop a stochastic performance model for the resulting mixed workload, using a combination of analytic and simulation based modeling. Based on this model we devise a round based scheduling scheme with stochastic performance guarantees: for continous data requests, we bound the probability that "glitches" occur and for discrete data requests, we bound the probability that the response time exceeds a certain tolerance threshold. We present early results of simulation studies.


The study uses a theoretical framework (i.e., resource-based view) to investigate the causal relationships amongst the supply chain integration, market orientation, and IT application; and also with regard to their combined impact on firm performance. The methodologies used in the study to examine the proposed measurement model are exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. The data is collected from 124 container shipping companies in Taiwan.
Findings show that supply chain integration and market orientation are found to significantly (and respectively) influence firm performance. A market oriented firm quickly responds to market information and competitors' strategies; and thus, it would make effort to offer satisfactory customer services in dynamically fluctuating markets, and obtain better firm performance. Also, the information and communication integration with firm's departments, supply chain partners, and customers speeds up the operation process and reduces the difficulty of resource cooperation. The integration provides higher operation efficiency and obtains an enhanced performance improvement. Nevertheless, no significant direct link is found between IT application and firm performance.
Market orientation and IT application significantly and positively influence supply chain integration, respectively. This implies that market oriented and IT-based firms more easily integrate market information related to partners, departments and customers. Also, appropriate IT applications of website services and technology adoption in shipping operations help build up a strong and integrated supply chain relationship. Further, through electronic information transmission and exchange platform, firms are able to develop their market oriented strategies. Finally, SEM analysis confirms that supply chain integration plays the mediating role between the relationships of IT application-firm performance and market orientation-firm performance. The companies should adopt IT applications and develop market-oriented strategies to develop global partnership relationships in container shipping. By doing so, economies of scale can be obtained to increase fleet capacity and access service margin market, and further integrate resources to create synergy to achieve the target of firm performance.


Brucella melitensis strain M5-90 is an attenuated vaccine strain with high protective rate and safety.The Mutant bp26 gene of Brucella melitensis named M5-90-26 was constructed by replacing the bp26 gene of attenuated M5-90 with kanamycin resistence gene.Double across recombinant mutant was selected by adding kanamycin ampicillin in culture and confirmed by PCR.SDS-PAGE and western blot showed that an 29 ku protein was expressed in the parent M5-90,which reacted with BP26 antiserum of the hyper-immunized mice,but not with the serum against mutant M5-90-26.Therefore the mutant strain would allow differentiation animals vaccinated with M5-90-26 from those infected with field strains by detetcing the anti-bp26 antibodies using rBP26 as antigen.Altogether these results indicate that Brucella melitensis M5-90-26 might be a promising vaccine against brucellosis.