Golf performance varies from person to person because of the differences in physical features of golfer's body and skill level. Recognizing golf swings of an individual golf player is essential to help improving the golf skill level. This can be done through feedback information provided by a specialized equipment or by a personal coach. Based on the classification of the golfer-swing shapes, this work analyses golf-swings. A sensorbased golfer-swing signature-recognition method is performed by using linear support vector machine (LSVM). Golf-swing signals are acquired by a strain-gage sensor fitted to the golf club that measures the club bend. To classify each golfer-swing multi-class classifier is built by combining binary LSVM models with an errorcorrecting-output-codes multi-class strategy. The experiment results of the training accuracy, testing accuracy and training time are compared with the results of other models including decision-tree algorithms, discriminantanalysis algorithms, other support vector machine algorithms, k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifiers, and ensemble classifiers. A comparison shows that by using the strain-gage sensor and multi-class LSVM model, the golfer-swing signature is recognized accurately and effectively.


The great fame of Zhang Shuo features in embellishment of kingcraft.Owing to the embellishment,Tang dynasty becomes the most powerful and best kingdom with the political images of openness and justice,and political ideals of conscientiousness and rationality.All this helps the kingdom to rise from uitility to kingcraft,thus forming a spiritual basis for the full growth of Tang dynasty.


The attenuated cold-adapted strain of influenza A virus that is a candidate live-virus vaccine suppressed clinical disease in ferrets when given simultaneously with a virulent epidemic strain of influenza A virus. The cold-adapted virus effectively prevented disease, even when the epidemic strain was of a different subtype than the attenuated virus. In this case, ferrets given a mixed inoculum produced antibody to both subtypes in the absence of clinical disease, indicating that both viruses are replicating in the respiratory tract. These findings suggest the possibility of the development of a novel class of antivirals for influenza, namely a live virus that is a dominant-negative attenuated mutant that interferes with the replication of epidemic strains of virus.


This chapter, in the collection End of Empire and the English novel since 1945, explores the traces of the British Empire in a genre of fiction which appears to have no direct relationship with colonialism: the popular romance novel. As the colonies of the British Empire were becoming the newly independent states and territories of the commonwealth, the fictional construction of Englishness and its place in the world could not be assumed as a secure identity. Popular romance novels of the post war period are replete with what Bhabha has termed the concept of 'fixity'. In the postwar colonial romance there is a recurrent narrative pattern - in which older brothers or fathers are lost, dead or enfeebled in an erstwhile British colony, remnants of a faded Empire. The youthful heroine appears to offer a narrative future that promises reconciliation and partnership in the new shape of the Commonwealth, but nonetheless, she continues to assume a white superiority.


The article discusses Poet's inner feelings and their image formation in the process of crearing a poem. Also the entirety of subjective and objective as the bases of the image is shown.


We generalize Bangert's non-hyperbolicity result for uniformly tamed almost complex structures on standard symplectic R to asymtotically standard symplectic manifolds.


The starting point for this paper is the idea that Bentham's subordinate ends of legislation are best understood as universalizable human interests, which each human agent within a political community can be understood to desire. It is argued that, in terms of ideal theory, Bentham does appear to have endorsed equality in the distribution of resources. However, the pursuit of distributional equality by redistributive taxation conflicts directly with superior subordinate ends, particularly security and subsistence. Bentham's proposals for resolving this tension by promoting equality without prejudicing security are examined, and revealed as leaving large-scale structural inequalities intact. Evidence from Bentham's Poor Law writings is adduced to support the view that Bentham, despite viewing the welfare of human individuals as equally valuable, also saw human identity as inescapably class-bound. In the final analysis, Bentham is prevented from advocating a move to equality through redistributive taxation by his conviction that economic growth depends fundamentally upon the opportunity to acquire, and remain secure in the possession of, greater wealth than one's fellow citizens, who are also one's economic competitors.


Bo Jiang April 29, 2007 ABSTRACT Traditional methods to identify potential binding sites of known transcription factors usually neglect abundant information hidden in a large genomic scale. Recent researches, however, reveal that the intrinsic nucleosome organization in genome can be predicted and may help in directing transcription factors towards their target sites. In this paper, we present a biophysical approach, Nu-OSCAR, which incorporates predicted nucleosome occupancy to aid the recognition of transcription factor binding sites. Testing on experimentally verified binding sites of yeast transcription factors, we demonstrate that our method outperforms existing algorithms that uses only site-specific binding information of transcription factors. An online server based on Nu-OSCAR is available at http://bioinfo.au.tsinghua.edu.cn/nu_oscar .


The utility model belongs to the automobile accessories technical field, and relates to an anti-collision bumper assembly. The utility model resolves the problems that the structure of the existing automobile is single and the anti-collision capability is poor or the structure is complex and cannot be widely applied in the prior art. The anti-collision bumper assembly comprises a bumper connected with an automotive frame. The bumper is connected with the automotive frame through a V-shaped connecting arm, connecting springs are arranged between the bumper and the automotive frame simultaneously, and an elastic body is arranged on the front side of the bumper. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages: firstly, the structure is reasonable, the anti-collision capability is high, the loss in accident is less, if the automotive body is collided, the collision force is dissolved at multiple times through the elastic body, the V-shaped connecting arm and the connecting spring, thus the loss in the accident is lowered, and the phenomenon of fatal accident can be totally avoided; secondly, the structure is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, and the utility model can be applied to all models and can be widely promoted.


In this paper, we consider decentralized adaptive output-feedback stabilization problem for a class of large-scale time-delay nonlinear systems with unknown high-frequency-gain signs and with dynamic uncertainties. A memoryless decentralized adaptive output-feedback stabilizer is proposed, and global asymptotic stability results of the closed-loop system are established.


In this paper we present an experimental investigation of the performance of GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well photodetectors. The purpose of this exercise was to independently evaluate and verify the responsivity of the GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors developed at the Industrial Microelectronics Center in Sweden. These devices use 2D gratings to couple radiation into the detectors and a cladding layer to enhance the coupling of radiation. The devices were of two types: those optimized for high detectivity, and those optimized for high quantum efficiency. The tests performed on these devices included measurement of optical responsivity vs. bias, spectral response, Detectivity (D*), and measurement of cross-talk between pixels. Several interesting observations were made during the investigation and will be reported in the paper.


This article presents a low‐profile broadband antenna. The E‐shaped metal cells are utilized on the top layer, which is excited by the microstrip line through the coupling slot in the ground plane. The characteristics of the E‐shaped patch cell and antenna are extensively investigated and presented. Dual resonances with close proximity are obtained to realize wideband impedance matching. An attractive feature is found that the bandwidth of the antenna exhibits good correlation with the inductance. The interesting analysis is presented by directly loading inductors to the antenna, and the bandwidth shrinks quickly with larger inductance loaded. Therefore, the antenna proposed in this article has good potential in bandwidth tuning applications. A typical bandwidth from 5.1 to 6.7 GHz is achieved by the fabricated antenna with a maximum measured gain of 10.4 dBi. Meanwhile, the antenna remains a low profile of 0.09 λ g.


The Bee Bluff Structure of South Texas in Zavala County near Uvalde has been found to exhibit unusual features permitting study of impactites and meteorite impact processes from the standpoint of grain‐level, nanosecond shock‐compression science. The site is characterized by a thin cap of Carrizo Sandstone covering a thin hard Indio fm calcareous siltstone. A soft calcareous silt lies below the hard cap. Calculations based on the Earth Impact Effects web‐based program indicate that the site is best described by a 60 m diameter iron meteorite striking the ground at 11 km/sec. Such an impact into sandstone is expected to produce a shock pressure of 250 GPa. A large release wave originates from the bottom of the hard target with upward moving melt‐vaporization waves of solid, liquid and vapor products that become trapped at the impact interface. Numerous distinctive types of impactites result from this 'bottom‐up' release behavior. Evidence for hydrodynamic instabilities and resulting density gradients are a...


As a person ages, their body and mind experiences changes that may make it difficult to do tasks they were once familiar with. To adapt, older adults must make adjustments to maintain their ability to work or adopt new ways of working. Our study addresses the question of how to present data to a person about their performance during a task, in order to inform this process of adaptation and adjustment. The goal of this project was to make personal data accessible for older adults to analyze independently for their own benefit. As a case study, we focus on helping older adults understand and analyze how well they are using a computer. We took an interdisciplinary approach to investigate three main interests: 1) Data visualization techniques to contextualize and represent multi-variate time-series data to display performance over time; 2) Best practices for providing feedback about computer task performance to people experiencing cognitive or physiological impairments; and 3) Socio-cultural and generational influences on a older adult's perceptions and preferences regarding depictions of their personal information.


The superconducting properties of exemplary matrix‐impurity systems in the three distinct regimes of magnetic character of the impurity which have been identified are reviewed. The three regimes can be distinguished by the detailed behavior of the depressions of (1) the superconducting transition temperature Tc as a function of impurity concentration n and (2) the specific heat jump ΔC at Tc as a function of Tc. These systematic s of superconductivity in the presence of local moments appear to be sufficiently well established that it is possible to (1) ascertain whether the solute spin is long‐lived (magnetic) or short‐lived (nonmagnetic) compared to thermal fluctuation lifetimes at superconducting temperatures, (2) determine the sign and magnitude of the conduction electron‐impurity spin exchange interaction parameter l and the temperature dependence of the exchange scattering of conduction electrons by long‐lived solute spins, (3) derive, in favorable cases, information pertaining to the energy level st...


The present paper discusses the issue of foreigners appearing in front of the Crimean Khans' courts in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In-depth analysis of three case studies shed light not only on the attitude of the Crimean judicial administration and local inhabitants towards strangers, but also reveal important information on the judicial system itself. Data on the three cases are preserved in three different types of sources, i.e. in the Crimean court registers, in the correspondence of the Catholic missionaries ministering in the Crimea and in a travel account written by a European merchant. Thus, the present study not only presents the fascinating stories of a Polish Lithuanian Tatar enslaved in the Crimea at the beginning of the 17th century, of a Dominican missionary accused of immoral conduct in the 1630s and of a German merchant robbed in Kara Su in the 1760s, but also demonstrates how various types of sources can be used by researchers on the Early Modern Crimea.


The aim of this study was to apply the social network analysis approach to the football match analysis case. For such, it was analyzed the Switzerland national football team during the FIFA World Cup 2014 tournament. Two general network metrics (total links and network density) and two centrality metrics (degree centrality and degree prestige) were computed. Four matches from Switzerland in FIFA World Cup 2014 were analysed in this study. A total of 334 adjacency matrices corresponding to 334 units of attack were generated based on the teammates' interactions and then converted in 4 network graphs. A total of 1129 passes were analysed. The greatest value of total links and network density was achieved in the first match (88 total links and 0.80 of density value). Degree centrality revealed that the defenders and midfielders were the players with greatest prominent values in the attacking building. Degree prestige showed that midfielders were the main targets of the team to pass the ball in the attacking process. In summary, this study showed that centrality metrics can be an important tool in match analysis to identify the style of play of football teams, revealing the most prominent tactical roles in the attacking process.


Palaemonias alabamae is endemic to subterranean waters in northern Alabama. Its type locality is Shelta Cave, Madison County, and ostensibly conspecifi c shrimps have been found in Bobcat and two other caves. Pollution and other factors may have extirpated the shrimp from the type locality. In Shelta Cave the species is smaller than the shrimp in Bobcat Cave and P. ganteri in Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. Adult female P. alabamae (s.s.) and P. ganteri are larger than males. Female P. alabamae with visible oocytes or, rarely, attached ova, were observed from July through January in Shelta Cave. Each female there produces 8 to 12 large ova, whereas females of the population in Bobcat Cave produce 20 to 24 ova, and P. ganteri produces 14 to 33 ova. Plankton samples taken in Shelta and Mammoth caves yielded nothing identifi able as zoea or postlarvae. Palaemonias alabamae and P. ganteri usually feed by fi ltering bottom sediments through their mouthparts, but both sometimes feed upside down at the water's surface. Although there is some overlap, the compositions of the aquatic communities in Shelta and Mammoth caves differ, and there are some major differences among the Alabama shrimp caves. The stygobiotic fi sh, Typhlichthys subterraneus, is a known predator on P. alabamae in Shelta Cave.


In this paper, we construct a pair of Wolfe type second order symmetric dual problems, in which each component of the objective function contains support function and is, therefore, nondifferentiable. For this problem, we validate weak, strong and converse duality theorems under bonvexity - boncavity assumptions. A second order self duality theorem is also proved under additional appropriate conditions.


Two different routes, using the Wittig reaction to obtained compound 2.5 are described. The O-benzyl-N-CBZ-L-serine cyclohexyl ammonium salt (2.7b) and the OstilbeneTN-CBZ-L-serine cyclohexyl ammonium salt (2.8b) were then prepared by coupling benzyl bromide or compound 2.5 respectively to iV-CBZ-Z-serine, as precursors to novel polypeptides containing a conjugated chromophore as a side-chain. Compound 2.9 was also obtained as a side-product by elimination of the side-chain in a basic media. The route toward these new materials involved the synthesis of the corresponding NCAs of 2.7b and 2.8b. Three different routes using SOCl 2 , Oxalyl chloride or PBr3 as halogenating agents were tried in an attempt to form the 5-membered ring of the NCAs from 2.7a, 2.7b and 2.8b. It was shown that the vinylic bond of the PPV oligomer-like side-chain of 2.8b got chlorinated when SOCI2 was used to form compound 2.11. Attempted syntheses of the polypeptides 2.12a and 2.12b using 4methylmorpholine or diisopropylamine as initiator are also described. The photoisomerisation of 2.8a and 2.8b were explored. Excitation at 300 nm lead to a 57% conversion of the trans isomer to the cis isomer of the stilbene-like sidechain, where a broader excitation at wavelength greater than 290 nm lead to a 10 % conversion of the trans isomer to the cis isomer of the stilbene-like side-chain.


The Kennel Club and the University of Cambridge have devised the respiratory function grading scheme designed to advise owners if their dog is affected by BOAS and give guidance to breeders on how to lower the risk of producing affected puppies. Jane Ladlow, Senior Lecturer in Small Animal Surgery at Cambridge, explains what the scheme entails.


Many transversal studies show a positive relationship between physical activity and a large panel of cognitive functions. However, the majority of studies in this domain separately investigated categories of cognitive functions (e.g., attention, executive functions, visuospatial abilities). Studies simultaneously addressing the main categories of cognitive functions are rare. Moreover, assessment methods to measure physical activity are diverse (i.e., direct method with VO2max or indirect method with questionnaires). The purpose of this study was to summarize the relationship between physical activity and performances on a large panel of psychometric tests assessing the main categories of cognitive processes (i.e., based on the broad level of the three stratum model of human cognitive abilities, developed by Carroll in 1993). Thirteen active and thirteen inactive men and women aged between 60 and 70 years old were recruited from the community to participate in this study. Measures obtained included self-reports about health status and educational level, an estimate of the VO2max (Rockport 1-Mile Walk Test), indirect estimate of physical activity (the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire) and several categories of psychometrics tests. Categories used were fluid intelligence (Matrix Reasoning test), crystallized intelligence (Similarities), general memory and learning (Digit Span and Letter-Number Sequencing), visual perception (Cancellation test), retrieval ability (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), processing speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Number Comparison Test, Directional Heading Test), psychomotor speed (Reaction and Movement Time tests) and psychomotor abilities (Pegboard test). One-Way Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) were conducted, with performance scores obtained on each cognitive tests as the dependent variable, and amount of physical activity (active vs. inactive) as the independent variable. Results revealed that active older adults perform better than inactive older adults in the large panel of psychometric tests measuring several cognitive abilities, with significant effects observed for fluid intelligence, broad visual perception, broad cognitive speediness, psychomotor abilities and psychomotor speed. Results also revealed medium effect size for crystallized intelligence and general memory and learning. This research provides further support that regular physical activity may offer a protective buffer against the cognitive declines associated with aging. However, as this study employed a cross-sectional design, only precautious conclusions can be drawn from the current findings. Future intervention studies should examine whether the beneficial effect of an active physical lifestyle on cognition is a causal one. Training interventions with participants randomly assigned to aerobic training and control groups would increase the heuristic value of this research.


The concept of mid-level health providers started 100 years ago in many countries and showed a remarkable change in their health indicators. Since last 10 years, the growth of health professionals is in rise with its new emerging roles. Special training with adopted skills is required for mid-level health care providers and the outline roles and responsibilities are already in existence for them. Mid-level health care providers are new emerging workforce in healthcare sector. India is alarming country for disease burden and to cover the huge gap in providing health care facilities, it requires the mid-level health care providers at different settings of the country. Indian community setting is in need to have access of affordable health care and government of India through National Health Mission (NHM) has declare the new pivotal role of community health officer (CHO) with its constructed roles and responsibilities for public health. According to NMC bill 2019, nurses are the first choice for CHO and this will also pave the way for professional development. Since there is global shortage of healthcare professionals and raising need of health care facilities especially in community setting, CHO is new evolving role which will promote the health care in access to community public. CHO being Midlevel health care provider will reduce the burden of other healthcare professionals and also contribute to achieve the aim of 'health for all'. The aim of this review was to bring a new insight of CHO with its global concept.


We consider the Cauchy problem: Here p > 1, N> 1 and uo (x) is a continuous, nonnegative and bounded function such that: for some A > 0 and a > 0. In this paper we discuss the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to (0.1)-(0.3) in terms of the various values of the parameters p, N, a and A. A common pattern that emerges from our analysis is the existence of an external zone where u(x, t) rv uo (x) and one (or several) internal regions, where the influence of diffusion and absorption is most strongly felt. We present a complete classification of the size of these regions, as well as that of the stabilization profiles that unfold therein, in terms of the aforementioned parameters. @ Elsevier, Paris


Using a recently developed multicoincidence technique, fragmentation resulting from collisions between high energy ~ 60 keV/u ! H 27 1 ions with an He target are investigated on an event by event basis. The data obtained are analyzed in terms of fluctuations in the fragment size distribution. A comparison with results from two different three-dimensional ~ 3D ! lattice bond percolation models of the same size ~ 27 constituents ! indicates the presence of a critical behavior in the decaying finite system and the importance of accounting in the percolation model for the specific binding situation in the hydrogen cluster ion


SummaryIn 320 cases of ankylosing spondylitis signs of earlier juvenile rheumatoid arthritis have been found in 20 patients. There is a possibility that these cases, starting as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and developing into ankylosing spondylitis, may represent a special type of the juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.


In typical one-dimensional models the Mermin-Wagner theorem forbids long range order, thus preventing finite-temperature phase transitions. We find a finite-temperature phase transition for a homogeneous system of attractive bosons in one dimension. The low-temperature phase is characterized by a quantum bright soliton without long range order; the high-temperature phase is a free gas. Numerical calculations for finite particle numbers show a specific heat scaling as $N^2$, consistent with a vanishing transition region in the thermodynamic limit.


This paper presents preliminary results from an experimental program investigating the behavior of confined interlocking compressed earth block (CEB) walls subjected to lateral in-plane cyclic loading. Two (2) walls were constructed and tested. Design of the walls was based on the current design practice in Indonesia. The first wall was built with CEBs from a hand-operated block press and the second wall with CEBs from a hydraulic block press. Results pertaining to strength and drift capacity is be presented and compared to results from an experimental program conducted on (non-confined) reinforced CEB walls. Interlocking compressed earth blocks investigated herein are cement stabilized and commonly used in dry stack masonry construction in developing countries, e.g. Thailand and Indonesia, due to its low cost and simplicity. Current application in these regions consists of a mildly reinforced concrete frame cast around the mildly reinforced CEB infill. The current design practice for this construction form in countries with severe natural hazards (typhoons and earthquakes) is highly questionable in terms of structural integrity. This is accentuated by a complete lack of experimental load testing. However, scientific evidence to improve the current design practice could make this a safer and more reliable construction form. The experiments showed that confined CEB walls were ductile and provided significant lateral strength, despite the low block strength. It was also found that block geometry significantly affected the behavior. Comparison with results from testing of a bare CEB panel showed a 20% increase in lateral strength and a 100% increase of drift capacity as a result of the confining frame. Nishkian Chamberlain, 3710 S. Robertson Blvd, Suite 220, Culver City, CA 90232 Associate Professor, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA, email: email@example.com Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA. I.G. Castro, P.T. Laursen, Daniel C. Jansen, Bing Qu. Performance of Interlocking Compressed Earth Block Infill in Confined Masonry Construction. Proceedings of the 10 National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Anchorage, AK, 2014. Performance of Interlocking Compressed Earth Block Infill in Confined Masonry Construction I.G. Castro, P.T. Laursen, D.C. Jansen, B. Qu


Earlier contributions from this laboratory (Walker and Winslow, 1932; Walker, Winslow, Huntington and Mooney, 1934) have dealt with the metabolic activity of Escherichia coli in a continuously aerated medium; and have brought out the following facts. The production of carbon dioxide during the first hour of the culture cycle in a peptone-water medium is at the rate of 30 to 40 mgm. X10-11 per cell per hour. This value rises during the second hour to over 120 mgm. X 10-11 and falls to about 20 mgm. X10-11 during the fifth hour and to 1 to 3 mgm. X10-11 after the culture has reached a stable population (twenty-four hours). These variations fit in with the evidence from many observers (see references cited by Walker, Winslow, Huntington and Mooney, 1934) as to the period of physiological youth of the bacterial culture cycle. It seems probable that the high metabolic activity of the early hours-as computed on a cell-per-hour basis-may be largely due to the greater size of the cells at this period (Clark and Ruehl, 1919; Henrici, 1928; Martin, 1932; Bayne-Jones and Adolph, 1932). The addition of glucose to the peptone-water medium produces no significant effect upon the amount of carbon dioxide produced


Abstract Over 14 million hectares of lodgepole pine-dominated forests in British Columbia (BC), Canada, have been severely impacted by the current mountain pine beetle epidemic. Simultaneously, a Dothistroma needle blight epidemic in northwest BC has been responsible for killing thousands of hectares of pine plantations and has even resulted in the death of mature trees, which is unprecedented. Both of these globally significant forest pest epidemics have been linked to climate change. The beetle epidemic has grossly exceeded the scale of all previously recorded outbreaks, in large part due to a lack of cold winters. In this sense, the link to global warming is relatively straightforward and foreseeable. Of all climate change projections, the prediction of an increase in winter temperatures has been associated with as high a degree of confidence as any. The Dothistroma needle blight epidemic and its link to climate change were not so predictable. Based on weather records over the past four decades, short-term increases in mean summer precipitation correlate closely with historical records of Dothistroma outbreaks in the northwest. The current most severe outbreak has occurred during a prolonged period of above-average summer precipitation. An increase in summer precipitation would more typically be thought of as beneficial for forests, but that increase in moisture has improved the conditions for a pathogen that has outweighed any benefits. Similar trends of increasing incidence and severity for other forest pathogens in BC appear in areas that have been receiving increased summer precipitation. Conversely, in the southern interior of the province decreased summer precipitation and increased drought conditions are resulting in stressed trees which can favour root diseases. Early indications are that climate change will have profound effects on forest health. Some effects will be more predictable than others.


When the government adopted the policy that the student must seek job independently,many officers and workers of stateowned enterprise were unemployeed,and the national organization carried on the reform of the personnel system that reducing administrative and business unit personnel.So many local government established local laws to limit the student seeking work by raising standard,such as university,cet,major,ect.But the local laws violated the basic right of the citizen.Analyzing and researching the local laws,we can know there are many discrimination phenomenons in the labor market.And we must solve the problem by lawmaking,enforcing law and judicatory.


With the continuous development of information technology, China has officially entered into the era of big data, the enterprise business management has realized intelligent business management based on information technology, and the arrival of the era of big data has to some extent reduced its management and risk costs and improved its work efficiency and economic benefits, but at the same time, it also faces a series of challenges, such as with the continuous expansion of business scope. As the business scope continues to expand, its current management model cannot meet the development needs. The integration of artificial intelligence technology and enterprise business management has become the main trend of future development. The application of big data technology to corporate business management enables the production of products and the creation of product value in the direction of socialization, increases the mutual influence between companies and consumers, and enhances the fairness, openness, and justice between corporate development and consumer activities. In this paper, after a detailed understanding of the current situation of the combination of artificial intelligence technology and enterprise business management, we focus on the application path of artificial intelligence technology in enterprise business management and finally elaborate the future development direction of artificial intelligence technology in the field of enterprise business management, hoping to further deepen the relevant personnel's understanding of artificial intelligence. Analyzing the current situation of business management development in China, this paper proposes applying big data technology and artificial intelligence technology to enterprise business management work and proposes a new model to bring new development opportunities and development directions for enterprise business management work. The big data technology proposed in this paper is based on cloud platform services, while artificial intelligence based on neural network is embedded in the cloud platform for enterprise business management services.


My PhD topic of research was concerned with homogeneous catalysis using tricoordinate phosphorus catalysts in the dimerisation of activated alkenes. My PhD supervisor, Dr Dennis Hall, also had interests in macrocyclic chemistry and this influenced me to change research direction for postdoctoral research in supramolecular chemistry with Professor Jean-Marie Lehn. My most recent article (DOI: 10.1039/C1CC13247D) describes a redox-active [3]rotaxane host system capable of binding and electrochemically sensing chloride and sulfate anions. We are currently manipulating the unique topological cavities of mechanically bonded molecules for anion recognition and sensing applications. This also includes exploitation of the molecular machinelike dynamics of interlocked molecular systems as a means of functional sensor response. A recently awarded European Research Council Advanced Grant, in collaboration with colleagues Dr Jason Davis and Professor Stephen Faulkner, will help us develop this work further into switchable devices and imaging reagents.


Witches (female ghosts) are characters that appear frequently in medieval Vietnamese legends. Its origins are in folk tales. In fairy tales, female ghost characters often have beautiful, intelligent, and active characteristics in love stories. In relations with earthly people, witches sometimes cause harm, sometimes they are a helping force. Legendary writers created this type of character to reflect the world of human consciousness such as: crime, lust, dreams of free love, resistance to power.


The Present study has been undertaken to analyze the NPA trend of selected public and private sector banks for limited period.


The significance of The Politics of Stratification, considerable in its own right, is greatly magnified by the vacuum of scholarly work on the society and culture of the Hadramaut in particular and Arabia in general. It is the first ethnography by a trained social anthropologist (or cultural anthropologist or sociologist) to appear in English on the area, and as such it is invaluable. Reference to a recent collection of papers, The Arabian Peninsula, points this up: Hopwood in his bibliographic survey is not able to cite one modern anthropological or sociological work on Arabia, the literature consisting entirely of travel books, memoirs, and some historical works the latter more frequently by amateurs than professionals. And among the papers of this collection, only Lienhardt's short paper is an ethnographic report, the others for the most part being historical accounts based upon documents or area-focused economic and political commentaries. Hopwood remarks that 'a historian.. .investigates the patterns of past human life' and regrets 'the lack of historical works of this nature on nineteenth-century and twentieth-century Arabia'. The anthropologist and sociologist are equally interested in such patterns, but as they can be seen in social and cultural systems, rather than in the flow of events over time, which I take to be the prime concern of the historian. An understanding of these social and cultural frameworks which generate and in turn respond to the flow of events requires systematic investigation (with the help of sophisticated conceptual schemes and modern research techniques) at the various levels and in the different sectors of society. We must know the way the local community works, the way communities are related to one another, the links between governmental, religious, economic, educational and other institutions, and the symbolic schemes through which the participants view their own positions and their relationships with others. With regard to Arabia, this means ethnographic studies of tribesmen, peasants, townsmen and the institutions through which they relate and operate. Otherwise, we see only a flow of events but not the sources, and can only guess at developments because we are ignorant of the frameworks within which people respond.


There is an increasing concern arising from China's recent urban growth in terms of sustainability from environmental, economic and social perspectives. Huge numbers of new Chinese urban neighbourhoods have been built during the past 20 years with great spatial and social changes in this process compared with the past. However, little attention has been paid to assess the planning and development of these new neighbourhoods against social sustainable criterion. This research aims to evaluate the social sustainability of new Chinese neighbourhoods and discuss its association with patterns of urban form and related planning processes. A new conceptual framework of social sustainability was developed from the relevant sustainable research based upon the Western experiences and adapted to the Chinese urban context. It included three layers, resident's basic needs, inner social networks and the entire community development for which detailed indicators could be generated as the basis for empirical social sustainability assessments.

An embedded case study methodology was applied to Shenzhen, a new megacity rising from China's rapid urbanisation process. The methodology consisted of two-phase case studies and utilised multiple survey methods. The city-level focused on understanding the macro-context policies related to neighbourhood development process and the general spatial characteristics of urban form, in which typical patterns could be identified for neighbourhood case selection. Then neighbourhood-level case studies in the Houhai-Dengliang area were used to appraise their levels of social sustainability. The analysis suggests that there is nexus between urban form and social sustainability, with the recently emerging highly-segmented and over-intensified developments being the least socially sustainable form. Defects in the current neighbourhood development mechanisms are further identified based on the clear evidence. The research recommends that the 'site scale' and 'density' needs to be effectively controlled for new neighbourhoods, within medium ranges, if the best level of social sustainability are to be achieved. For many existing neighbourhoods, evidence also indicates that adopting a collaborative planning approach can be a pathway towards a more socially sustainable development.


Bimetallic nanoparticles are characterized by a high catalytic activity that is attributable to the synergistic effect between the two metals that are involved. Amongst other bimetallic particles, core-shell catalysts are particularly efficient because the electron charge transfer in the over layer is enhanced due to their specific architecture . However, the control of the composition, the size and the shape of these core-shell nanoparticles remains challenging. Here, we propose an original supramolecular approach based on the use of spiropyran photo-responsive ligands and introduce light as an external and versatile control parameter to control the thickness of the shell. I will report on the synthesis of the photo-responsive ligands, the functionalization of palladium nanoparticles by ligand exchange, and on the formation of the core-shell systems.


Dark plasmonic modes with sharp spectral resonance peak and exceptionally high quality factor makes it essential for applications in bio-chemical sensing and fluorescence enhancement. Here, we investigate the mid-infrared spectral responses of bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS) dimers under focused azimuthally polarized and radially polarized cylindrical vector beams (CVB). Through numerical simulations, we obtained direct excitation of dark modes and revealed how the beams manipulate the dipole hybridization to produce these modes. By tuning the Fermi energy of BDS, the resonant wavelength of the dark modes can be further adjusted. Our results may find the application of CVB in plasmonic sensing.


Truck-based freight transportation continues to play a vital role in the delivery of goods in the United States. Despite its size and importance, the truck transportation industry continues to struggle with fulfilling transportation requests in an efficient and sustainable manner. One potential solution to alleviate many of the current truck industry problems is for transportation service providers (TSPs) to collaborate by sharing volume, resources, and facilities. This research introduces the Transportation Service Provider Collaboration Problem (TSPCP) to demonstrate the benefits of using optimal freight routing and consolidation decisions for collaborating TSPs. A mathematical model for the TSP-CP is introduced to describe the problem in detail. Additionally, two separate adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) heuristics are developed to provide solutions to industry representative problem instances. Finally, the benefits and insights achieved by enabling collaboration between TSPs using the TSP-CP are identified using industry representative data sets. The representative data sets were derived from actual freight data provided by a freight pooling company that manages collaboration among TSPs. Carriers were chosen from the industry data to evaluate collaborative partnerships and to gain insights on the effects of partnership characteristics on overall benefit as well as the benefits obtained by individual carriers. The computational results suggested collaboration among TSPs offers the potential for substantial reductions in the total distance required to deliver all loads, in the number of miles that were traveled completely empty, and the number of containers required for delivery compared to individual performance. Additionally, collaboration increased delivery resource capacity utilization as measured by the percentage of weighted full miles. Detailed analysis of the results from the TSP-CP revealed new insights into the collaboration between full truckload and less-than truckload carriers that have not been quantified or highlighted in previous research. These insights included the effect that an individual carrier's type and size had on the amount of benefit received to each carrier. Finally, the results highlighted the importance of building collaborative partnerships that consider a carrier's geographic location. Transportation Service Provider Collaboration Problem: Potential Benefits and Solution Approaches


The applications and important role of hi-tech fibers using in medicine medical care were illustrated systematically,in which included the separation purification of drugs medicenes,blood treatment, substitutions of human body,medical dressing,sewing thread for operation,cell regeneration,degradable scaffold, nursing necessities,skin protecting health care necessities,medical equipments,deseases detectors and emergency necessities etc.


Available transfer capability (ATC) quantifies the viable increase in real power transfer from one point to another in a power system. ATC calculation has predominantly focused on steady-state viability. Point-to-point transfer can be increased until equilibrium point quantities, given by a power flow, reach security limits. Generally the equilibria are evaluated for a number of contingencies. Security limits typically include voltage thresholds, and limits associated with feeder thermal capacity and generator reactive power output. In many power systems, however, point-to-point transfer is not restricted by steady-state limits, but by undesirable dynamic behaviour following large disturbances. The post-disturbance operating point certainly must be viable; but it is also important to ensure that the system can safely make the transition from the pre- to the post-disturbance operating point. Here, the authors describe dynamic ATC, which is concerned with calculating the maximum increase in point-to-point transfer such that the transient response remains stable and viable.


This paper proposes an adaptive routing protocol called ARFA for an integrated cellular and ad hoc heterogeneous network with flexible access (iCAR-FA). Based on the presentation of the iCAR-FA physical characteristics, the paper details the design issues and operation of ARFA. Detailed numerical analysis on route request rejection rate, which is along with some general evaluations, has indicated the effectiveness and efficiency of the ARFA protocol.


This study aims to find out the factors that cause the crime of abandonment of wives by husbands in the village of Meunasah Manyang, Kec. Krueng Barona Jaya, Kab. Aceh Besar and what efforts can be made in preventing the occurrence of abandonment carried out by husband to wife in the village of Meunasah Manyang, Kab, Aceh Besar.This Research is a Normative juridical method in addition to this research supported by empirical research through interviews. The results showed that the factors causing abandonment in Meunasah Manyang  Village are First: economic factors, economic factors are the main factors that cause the crime of ejection, secondly: infidelity factors, third: intervention factors from third parties, fourth: husband factors gambling and fifth: namely factors working wives or wives have their own income, in Meunasah Manyang Village there are some cases of abandonment carried out by husbands not want to report things law enforment officials, prevention efforts carried out by the village head Meunasah Manyang by taking a persuasive approach by giving to victims.


In this paper we present a novel approach for bottom-up multi-person 3D human pose estimation from monocular RGB images. We propose to use high resolution volumetric heatmaps to model joint locations, devising a simple and effective compression method to drastically reduce the size of this representation. At the core of the proposed method lies our Volumetric Heatmap Autoencoder, a fully-convolutional network tasked with the compression of ground-truth heatmaps into a dense intermediate representation. A second model, the Code Predictor, is then trained to predict these codes, which can be decompressed at test time to re-obtain the original representation. Our experimental evaluation shows that our method performs favorably when compared to state of the art on both multi-person and single-person 3D human pose estimation datasets and, thanks to our novel compression strategy, can process full-HD images at the constant runtime of 8 fps regardless of the number of subjects in the scene. Code and models are publicly available.


Abstract Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are characterized by high specific strength and stiffness. Light metal alloys are reinforced with hard ceramic particles, which show better properties compared to monolithic alloys. ZA43 MMCs are fabricated by stir casting technique by reinforcing preheated silicon carbide particles (SiCp). Wear behavior of ZA43 MMCs is evaluated by conducting dry sliding wear test using a pin-on-disc wear test rig. The tests were conducted for varying loads of 9.81, 19.62, 29.43 and 39.24 N and sliding disc speeds of 2.12, 2.93, 3.66, 4.39 and 5.13 m/s at constant time of 15 min. The results reveal that the wear resistance property of the composite increases as the percentage of reinforcement increases. It was also observed that volume loss increases with increasing applied load and sliding speed. The tested samples were examined and analyzed by taking scanning electron micrographs. The dominating wear mechanisms observed were delamination, scissoring of the abrasive particle, pullout of particle, smearing of the surface and abrasion.


Extreme droughts, heat waves, fires, hurricanes, floods, and landslides cause the largest losses in the United States, and globally, from natural hazards linked to weather and climate. There is evidence that the frequency of such extremes is increasing, particularly for heat waves, large fires, and intense precipitation, making better understanding of the probability and consequences of these events imperative. Further, these events are not isolated, but rather interact with each other, and with social and ecological vulnerability, to amplify impacts. Less is known about the nature and strength of these interactions. Natural and social science subfields frame extreme events with different definitions and analytical approaches, and most analyses neglect interactions and the subsequent novel extremes that can arise. Here we propose a framework for socio-environmental extremes, defined as extraordinary events that emerge from interactions among biophysical and social phenomena and have some degree of social impact. We review how different fields approach extremes as interacting phenomena and propose a synthetic framework for conceptualizing and defining extremes from both an environmental and social perspective. This approach recognizes multiple drivers and responses that yield extreme events and extreme outcomes, and reconciles the gap between understanding extremes as biophysical processes and their social underpinnings and impacts. We conclude with a future research agenda that adds clarity and direction to understanding the extreme events that matter to society. This agenda will help to identify where, when, and why communities may have high exposure and vulnerability to socio- environmental extremes—informing future mitigation and adaptation strategies.


A 10/spl times/5 electrochemical biosensor array is designed and fabricated in standard 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS. Each pixel occupies 160/spl times/120 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and contains a programmable sensor capable of performing differential impedance spectroscopy, amperometric analysis, and field-effect sensing for molecular biology applications.


Image heating apparatus including first and second lines having multiple first heat generation blocks and second heat generation blocks, the multiple lines being disposed at different positions in a transverse direction, wherein lines are arranged so a first block in the first line and a second block in the second line overlap completely, and a block in the first line and a first block in the second line overlap completely. Blocks are formed on a substrate and comprise: a first and a second conductive member provided on the substrate; multiple heat generation resistors each having a positive restitivity-temperature characteristic, which are electrically connected in parallel to one another between the first and the second conductive member wherein the multiple heat generation resistors are diagonally arranged in respect to the longitudinal direction and to the transverse direction.


The construction of a neural network simulation metamodel requires the generation of training data; design points (inputs) and the estimate of the corresponding output generated by the simulation model. A common methodology is to focus some simulation effort in obtaining accurate estimates of the expected output values by executing several simulation replications at each point and taking the average as the estimate. However, with a limited amount of simulation effort available and a rather large input space, this approach may not produce the best expected value approximations. An alternate approach is to distribute that same simulation effort over a larger sample of input points, even if it means the resulting estimates of the expected outputs at each point will be less accurate. We will show through several examples that this approach may result in better neural network metamodels; this conclusion differs from other studies involving regression metamodels.


The formation and development of China's economic history is closely related with the wide spread of materialism. The central argument in the 20s and 30s in the 20th century was how to view social and economical state in China's history by means of materialism, which started the first wave of study in economic history. The significance of China's economic history in a modern sense is just based on this wave. Scholars of different schools have been influenced by this wave more or less. Under the influence and guidance of materialism, China's economic history is printed at first with the tradition of social history.


We use satellite imagery from four sensors (Multi‐angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM), and RADARSAT and ERS Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to monitor the lengths of two rifts on the Amery Ice Shelf, from 1996 to 2004. We find that the rifts have each been propagating at a steady annual rate for the past 5 years. Superimposed on this steady rate is a seasonal signal, where propagation rates are significantly higher in the summer period (i.e., September–April) than in the winter period (i.e., April–September). Possible causes of this summer‐winter effect are changing properties of the ice mélange, which fills the rifts, and seasonal changes in ocean circulation beneath the ice shelf.


ABSTRACT A non-default interpretation is required whenever speakers creatively depart from established norms and defaults. But effective speakers do not travel alone when they move away from default meanings to novel, non-default destinations. Effective speakers bring their readers with them, sometimes by making the non-default destination the only meaningful destination that can be reached with an utterance, but other times by helpfully—if subtly—marking their utterances to facilitate the dislocation of words and meanings. We consider the relative utility of different indicators of non-defaultness in this article, ranging from the subtle to the overt. Our approach argues for the usefulness of machine-generated texts when quantitatively exploring aspects of human linguistic creativity, since machine-tooled utterances can better assure the consistency and comparability of novel utterances that are designed to offer strikingly original points of view. Within this mechanical framework, we measure the extent of the shift from default to non-default interpretations via the downshift from positive to negative affect in machine-generated ironic utterances. In using machine-generated texts, our approach and its results also argue for the possibility that intelligent machines can craft creative utterances of their own, and effectively communicate an ironic point-of-view to human readers.


Purpose – the literature expresses a strong relation between sales and employee growth, where two categories are explained. Traditional companies that actively avoid growth and gazelles with a high ...


Business is a significant cause of various global sustainability challenges addressed by the Circular Economy (CE), making companies instrumental in the transition from a linear economic model to a circular one. While drivers and challenges in corporate CE implementation have been researched on an organisational level, a more detailed understanding is needed regarding their contextual nature and interplay with the evolution of CE implementation in a company. Utilising issue life cycle theory, this study contributes to the literature on CE implementation in business by displaying differences in corporate CE implementation drivers and challenges, relating to the time since starting, and the degree of corporate CE implementation. Moreover, it makes a significant contribution to issue life cycle theory by demonstrating how drivers and challenges can shape the progression of a corporate response to an issue. This understanding is crucial in identifying the right support mechanisms for companies in different phases of CE implementation.


The present invention relates to a system and method for estimating the probability by soft perfusion imaging method is applied to hemodynamic parameters. Such a method can also estimate the arterial input function or the complementary distribution function, and hence more generally any amount of interest can be estimated. The present invention is particularly stand out from the known methods, since the present invention requires the introduction of a priori soft information having strict physiological or hemodynamic properties, and not be constrained by any hypothesis or hypotheses or undesirable force perform the desired estimate.


The polish leader, Gen. Wajciech Jaruzelski, had formulated the Eastern bloc's offer to build relations with the West on a foundation of common security. If the West finds the offer beneficial, the author, says it must be translated into deeds. The Jaruzelski plan is conceived as an open-ended, complex program for Europe, not as a single negotiating proposition. It links all elements of the present security debate without assigning priorities; these must be decided in consultations. For Poland and other central European states nuclear weapons are the main threat, but NATO apprehension about conventional forces is understood. The nuclear and conventional situations are closely intertwinded. Thus, even if conventional stability is taken up first, the negotiations will sooner or later have to cover nuclear issues as well. The plan envisages a gradual withdrawal of nuclear weapons, thinning out or reducing specified, agreed-upon kinds and quantities of weapons including operational and tactical missiles, nuclear artillery, nuclear-capable aircraft, and any type of nuclear charges.


to the suggestion that the current model for the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Dictyostelium discoideum is ill-determined with re- spect to one or more of the features reflecting pyruvate metabolism. This conclusion is further supported here by results of steady state and dynamic analyses. The tricarboxylic acid cycle, according to the current model, is poised on a knife's edge with its behavior rigidly determined; any alteration of the system's com- ponents leads to nonviable behavior, as exemplified by explosive accumulation of pyruvate and loss of steady state in response to a minute change in the level of malate dehydrogenase. With the additional results in this we are able to refine the diagnosis of the problem and suggest three different areas of the current model that might profitably be re-examined by experiment. These include the kinetics of the reactions at the malate branch point, the turnover times for the alanine, glutamate, and aspartate pools in uivo, and the dynamic mass balances for the cofactor NAD. We also suggest a minimal modification in the current model that could alleviate or circumvent some of these problems.


The linguistic image of God in the poetry of Zbigniew Jankowski is not homogenous. God is presented differently and it is combined with changes of the lyrical speaker's attitude towards Absolute in different writing periods. The linguistic image of God is complex, because the poet rejects the Judeo-Christian tradition and also recalls it. God in the analyzed texts is omnipresent, unknowable and shapeless existence, then transforms into perceptible area, then God transforms into area that is natural element and at least he becomes a sea. In the all mentioned images God is Nameless. When the Creator becomes human like, a man searching for the God starts closer relationship with him. There are several individual descriptions which not only name the God, but also indirectly characterize him and his attitude towards creation. These descriptions evoke the tradition of naming of the God that takes its origin in the Bible. The evolution of the ways of naming and addressing the God in different writing periods of Zbigniew Jankowski's poetry is an important element of the linguistic image of God and it also presents the system of the poet's values.


A new algorithm for dynamic delay-constrained multicast routing directed at ensuring real time requirement of multicast tree and for efficiency of network resource using is proposed.The algorithm takes into account of the influence of path delay to tree cost and makes use of the method finding the k shortest paths and the function of selecting path to create multicast tree.When the delay constraint is satisfied,the algorithm will get the low cost tree quickly and can update multicast tree based on adding/deleting requirements of nodes.A large number of simulations demonstrate that the algorithm has nice cost performance and can satisfy the real time requirement of network.


Here, we discuss the possibility of showing the existence of p (p) over bar and n (p) over bar bound states. Measurement of the single gamma-ray from p (p) over bar and n (p) over bar systems at rest can directly confirm whether X(1860) and X(1835) are the resonances which are strongly coupled to pp. In addition to the neutral candidate, a charged resonance X- is also proposed to be searched for in n (p) over bar channel. We find that the data from the Crystal Barrel experiment at LEAR/CERN can be used to confirm the X(1835) observed by BES collaboration. The possibility of measuring the gamma spectrum below 100 MeV at the new experiment with cold high intensity (p) over bar beam at GSI is discussed. These new techniques can be used to probe the structure of the X(1860) and X(1835) in the future.


Although the number of multilingual qualitative research studies appears to be growing, investigations concerned with methodological issues arising from the use of several languages within a single research are still very scarce. Most of these seem to deal exclusively with issues related to the use of interpreters and translators in qualitative research (e.g., Temple & Edwards, 2002; Temple, Edwards & Alexander, 2006; Edwards, 1998; Temple & Young 2004). Methodological investigations going beyond pure translation dilemmas in qualitative research are, however, almost nonexistent. The reason for this seems to be simple: the situation where the researcher possesses mother-tongue fluency in all or most of the languages used in a particular study – and, thus, is in a position to probe interpretational and representational problematics related to the multilingual character of this study with an adequate depth – is very rare. The author of this paper has used her recent qualitative research work in the area of Information Systems as the basis for a meta-study 1 1 While the Information Systems studies providing the empirical basis for this paper were on specific IT methodologies, the "overlying" study (reported in this paper) was rather carried out at a "meta-level" – observing and analyzing the process of interviews carried out in the original studies and the role of the language in this process. In this sense, the author of this paper is following the original Greek meaning of the prefix "meta", namely "about" – "study about a study". in which she investigates selected methodological issues resulting from the use of five different languages within the frame of a single research work. This paper specifically focuses on challenges encountered and observations made concerning three different issues, namely, how to choose the interview languages in a situation where the prospective interviewees have very diverse ethnic backgrounds, which languages to use for the data analysis in a situation where the data has been collected in several different languages, and how to determine the most appropriate stage of the research for transitioning from the languages used to collect and analyze the data to the language of the final research product. Although this meta-study is based on an Information Systems research work and is, thus, specifically addressing qualitative Information Systems researchers conducting multilingual research and encountering language-related issues in their work, this study might also be of interest to any researcher using qualitative research methodologies and employing more than one language to collect data, conduct data analysis, and craft the final


vative members of the leadership. While Gorbachev has clearly succeeded in unleashing untapped forces in Soviet society, as the recent unrest in Armenia and Azerbaijan illustrates, these forces are not always easy to control and channel in productive directions. By examining several key aspects of the societal trends and problems with which Gorbachev must contend, this volume is a welcome and valuable addition to the available literature on Soviet domestic policy under Gorbachev. This slender volume gives a solid, well-researched discussion of six key societal problems inherited by Gorbachev. The articles on family problems, labor problems, and the media primarily give an overview of the historic developments in these areas. Those on the anti-alcohol campaign, nationality problems, and glasnost contain solid discussions of the initial policies of the Gorbachev regime. The selection of topics, seems somewhat arbitrary, however, since other high priority social issues for the Gorbachev regime—such as unofficial groups, social inequality, education, and human rights—are not addressed. The present volume underscores the speed with which developments in these areas are taking place—in the year since the book was finished, important new issues have come to the foreground and the previous concerns have been approached from new directions. Despite minor shortcomings, these articles make an excellent supplement to readings for a course on Soviet domestic developments. Mark Field gives a solid treatment of family issues but provides little speculation about how they might be affected by the Gorbachev regime. While giving an excellent overview of problems faced by Gorbachev in the labor market, Vladimir Kontorovich too readily dismisses Gorbachev's role as a reformer by stressing the aspects of his policy that represent continuity rather than change. Vladimir Treml argues compellingly about why the anti-alcohol campaign will not succeed, but I question the validity of his claim that its success is a key test of Gorbachev's power—Gorbachev's chief rival Yigor Ligachev appears to be the real zealot behind the drive. In his article on glasnost, Anthony Olcott does an excellent job of tracing emerging literary trends, providing an intriguing—if questionable—argument that despite the interest exhibited in the west, the cultural developments initiated under Gorbachev will have relatively little effect at home given the growing appetite for popular literature. Ellen Mickewicz's article addresses only the electronic media, not the media as a whole as promised by its title. She reviews media habits and patterns in Soviet society based almost exclusively on material from the Leonid Brezhnev era, with only a few comments on the dramatic changes that have taken place under Gorbachev. Paul Goble squarely addresses the issue of Gorbachev's nationality policies, or as he describes them, nonpolicies. I could not help wishing that there was more of an effort in this volume to integrate the various societal trends—for example, how glasnost has contributed to nationality unrest—and examine their synergistic effect instead of addressing each topic in isolation. Recent events have demonstrated that the authors of these articles, as well as most other specialists, have underestimated how far Gorbachev is willing to go in pushing for change. It is clear that reversing trends that are firmly established in Russian history is an uphill battle. As Gorbachev increasingly distances the current Soviet regime from past policies, however, we should spend more time thinking about what might happen should some of his reforms succeed, rather than focusing on reasons why they are likely to fail.


OBJECTIVE To investigate low dose Seretide with Roxithromycin treatment of bronchial asthma patients.METHODS Patients which meet the standards were randomly assigned to the observation group(n=49) and the control group(n=49).The control group received conventional therapy and low dose Seretide(fluticasone/salmeterolxinafoate TM50μg/100 μg);observation group on this basis was given oral roxithromycin(5mg/(kg·d)).RESULTS The efficient rate has significant difference between the observation group and the control group(P0.05).Meanwhile the value of FEV1 and PEF between the two groups was significant difference(P0.05).CONCLUSION Low dose of Seretide with Roxithromycin in the treatment of bronchial asthma is effective.It is better than inhaled low dose of Seretide alonely on the aspect of improving lung function and controlling the symptom of asthma.


Critical to understanding the basis of a community's goals, structure, leadership, and philosophy is an analysis of that community's constitutional documents. This essay examines four specific South African Jewish communal institutions to show how they exist as part of a federation. Two questions will be examined in the case of South Africa. 1) To what extent did the host environment of South Africa influence the institutionalization of the Jewish community? 2) To what extent did the Jewish political tradition influence this institutionalization? In examining the South African Jewish community, specific terminology will be applied in the analysis of the documents. Terms include kehillah (Jewish community), brit arevut (covenant of mutual


Dharavi, formerly a fisher village on one of the islands today forming Mumbai-India, is currently Asia's biggest slum. However, the term slum does not apply to the zone, since it is a vibrant place of people with various backgrounds and ways of living. Residents of Dharavi also fulfil plentiful tasks, such as collecting rubbish, cleaning streets, or serving in households of the upper class people of Mumbai. Thus, Dharavi appears to be an urban mixite neighbourhood with small scaled workshops, small industries, but has also schools, temples, mosques, churches, community facilities and water tanks. This grass root neighbourhood is a tightly packed but highly efficient urban mixite where working and living are placed next to each other. This paper aims to highlight the dynamics behind the run down und "unaesthetic" façades of this unique area, and to achieve a deeper understanding of the dynamics and the hidden potentials of "urban mixite".


The invention discloses a high-toughness aluminum-magnesium alloy material for tire molds. Compared with the prior art, the contents of Cu (0.3-0.5%), Mg (3.6-5.5%) and Ti (0.2-0.25%) are strictly controlled, so that the elongation percentage of the aluminum-magnesium alloy reaches 14-16%; the added rare-earth element enhances the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the aluminum-magnesium alloy; and when being used for manufacturing the tire molds, the magnesium aluminum alloy has high elongation percentage, prolongs the service life of the tire molds and saves the cost.


The 'Towards a Healthier Britain' Conference was arranged by Van den Berghs & Jurgens Ltd. in association with Nutrition and Food Science and held in London last April. The conference was attended by more than 500 people, including doctors, nutritionists, health visitors, other social service personnel and students. Here is an edited version of the papers presented at the Conference.


Abstract : This report deals with the initial study of the data take-off for the PLATO Acquisition Radar. The analysis pointed out two definite methods of attack, namely, the more straightforward one-dimensional estimation and detection technique, and a two-dimensional estimation and detection technique. The one-dimensional estimation and detection process is the only system analyzed and proposed in this report. A later study phase will include the more complex analysis of the two-dimensional system. (Author)


of leucocytes and promote collagen degradation at an increasing rate. In conclusion, these findings support earlier work from Australia that locally applied PGF,o: induces labour when the cervix is moderately favourable in a more efficient manner than intravenous oxytocin. Vaginal or intracervical PGF,or may appear to be more natural and less interventionist than being attached to an intravenous oxytocin infusion that needs frequent adjustment and nursing attention. PGE, has been shown to be often effective in inducing labour where the cervix is unfavourable but its variable and often long induction-to-onset of labour interval may be less appropriate when the cervix is favourable. In this study PGF2a usually initiated labour in 1-2 hours and delivery was complete on average 6 hours later. The usefulness of this prostaglandin for the induction of labour seems to have been underestimated in the world literature to date.


The genetic epidemiology of congenital malformations (CMs) and interaction with environmental causes are reviewed from the Arkansas Center for Birth Defects, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AS.


ObjectiveTo explore psychosomatic health and coping style of high school students at different time in disaster areas after 5·12 earthquake.MethodsA total of 188 high school students were investigated by the revised psychosomatic health scale and coping style scale at the second week and one year after earthquake,respectively.ResultsScores in depression,suicide,dread subscales and retreat,fantasy in coping style scale at the second week were higher than that in one year after the earthquake.Retreat,self-blame,rationalization and problem-solving could significantly predict the psychosomatic health at the second week,while retreat,self-blame,fantasy and rationalization could significantly predict the psychosomatic health in one year after the earthquake.ConclusionThe psychosomatic health in one year after earthquake is better than that in the second week,with coping style became gradually positive.However,the intervention should focus on the dimensions which have not changed yet.


Polydiacetylenes are a class of compounds which have been of some interest in both electro-optic and all-optical applications. Although their inherent large third order non- linear optic response is very attractive, it has yet to be optimized in a simple way. Of course the crystalline state will possess the highest values because of the high degree of orientation. Problems, however, exist in the preparation of such crystals with high optical qualities and also processabilities. It is therefore advantageous to study polydiacetylenes in a thin film morphology. Research at NASA has developed a way of preparing high optical quality thin films from monomer solution on to virtually any substrate with great ease. It is the focus of this paper to discuss and present preliminary data on efforts to make highly aligned thin films using this process. We look into the concept of incorporating azo moieties onto the side chains of the polydiacetylene backbone. These groups, when exposed to polarized light at moderate temperatures, go through a cis- trans isomerization which forces it and the other side chains to orient perpendicular to the plane of the polarized light. We discuss the synthesis of such molecules and the preparation of their films to create highly ordered polydiacetylene thin films with a large third order NLO response.


Martin and Liu (6,243-247) are incorrect in saying that, when counselling a woman with a low maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) level and estimating her risk of Down syndrome, predictive values should be used that give 'the chance that the mother would deliver an abnormal fetus given that she has a MSAFP below some chosen threshold'. Such risk estimates for groups of women with positive results are appropriate for designing screening policies but not for advising an individual within the group, since an individual woman may have a risk that is very different from the risk applicable to the group as a whole (Cuckle and Wald, 1984). For example, women aged 36 years with MSAFP levels equal to or less than 0.70 multiples of the normal median (MOMS) have, on average, an approximately 1 :130 risk of having a Down syndrome infant (if the estimate of gestational age is based on ultrasound); an individual woman from this group with an AFP level of exactly 0.40 MOM has a risk of 1 :80 while another with a level of 0.70 MOM has a risk of 1:220 (Cuckle et al., 1987). Martin and Liu are also incorrect in saying that our use of the ratio of sensitivity to falsepositive rate for different MSAFP cut-off levels (Cuckle et al., 1984) was 'inappropriate and potentially misleading'. This ratio, the likelihood ratio, which for simplicity (although unconventionally) was defined in our paper as the relative risk, is indeed the appropriate statistic to determine the group risk associated with a given cut-off level. For example, to obtain the risk of Down syndrome quoted above for women aged 36 years with MSAFP levels equal to or less than 0-70 MOM the likelihood ratio of 2-3 was applied to the 1 :300 age-specific risk to yield a risk of 2.3 x 1 :300 or 1 : 130.


We present an online boundary classification error detection algorithm to improve accuracy of the original distributed boundary detection algorithm for networked multirobot systems. It is a fully decentralized method based on the geometric approach allowing to suppress boundary errors without recursive process and global synchronization. The accuracy of the ration of correctly identified robots over the total number of robots reaches 100%. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of this boundary detection algorithm in both simulation and real-world environment.


The utility model discloses a continuous casting blank image detection device which comprises a camera lens and a CCD camera; the camera lens is connected with the CCD camera; the image detection device also comprises a rotary platform and a mobile platform; the mobile platform is arranged on the rotary platform; the bottom of the mobile platform is fixedly connected with the rotary platform; the CCD camera is arranged on the mobile platform; the image detection device drives the CCD camera to rotate and translate respectively through the effects of the rotary platform and the mobile platform, so as to adjust the position and angle between the imaging target surface and the lens of the CCD camera; not only the field depth range of the side angle imaging of the casting blank is increased, but also the perspective distortion generated on the whole upper surface of the casting blank is reduced; thereby, the clear side angle image of the casting blank and the whole upper surface image of the casting blank without the perspective distortion are obtained; the imaging effect of the casting blank is improved; the monitoring and the image detection requirement of the continuous casting are satisfied.


This paper aims to discuss selected issues related to the effect exerted by the financial aspects of psychotherapy on a psychotherapeutic relationship. At the beginning, I consider the effect that remuneration received by the therapist directly from the customer can have on their therapeutic relationship. Then I discuss the issues related to the compensation for psychotherapy services and show the consequences which the criteria of compensating for specific therapeutic methods have for the quality of psychotherapeutic relationships, as well as the influence which the requirement to study the effectiveness of psychotherapy in the natural science paradigm has on psychotherapeutic services. The arguments I put forward lead to the conclusion that the criteria of the compensation for psychotherapeutic services can change the psychotherapeutic relationship into a business relationship and, as a result, the therapist can start to treat the customer instrumentally.


The theme of migration is not new for Ecuadorians. In the visual arts and literature, artists have traditionally found the theme of migration to be useful when interpreting the personal and existential experiences of individuals living outside of Ecuador. Initially, the topic was not
 understood as a collective phenomenon capable of putting at risk an elusive national identity. Over time, however, the personal drama became a collective tragedy, which defines and conditions in no small measure the cultural, psychological and geographic boundaries of a pluri-national Ecuador
 struggling to re-signify the new cartographies that place and displace a nation in constant migratory movement, both internally and externally. This complex social, migratory and cartographic process of becoming is found in works of literature and the visual arts, which often oscillate between
 testimonial representations and representational testimonies. My analysis focuses on five works and highlights some of the identity transformations that Ecuador, a country located at the centre of the world, continues experiencing while seemingly adrift, yet fully engaged in re-inventing its
 multiple moving borders.


This article tells about the role of Siberian Department in administrating the region in 1730-1763, about the endeavour to re-establish its functions. The author analyses the relations between a Siberian governor and the Senate, he assumes that the Siberian Department was deprived of rights to pursue the national policy in the region in 1730s due to the fact that its functions were distributed among the governor and the branch institutions of central government.


The privatization of American cities and the shrinking of the commons have been critiqued from just about every angle. Well studied are the implications of unrestrained capitalism on displacement, environment, labor, and gender. In their new book, The Beach Beneath the Streets: Contesting New York's Public Spaces, Benjamin Shepard and Greg Smithsimon tackle another part of the urban question*the suffocation of joy and play as well as the pitched battles to reclaim them against the backdrop of a rapidly shifting city.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the abnormality of position of the cerebellar tonsil and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and to explore its clinical significance.

METHODS
Sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of hindbrain and posterior tibial nerve SEP (PTN-SEP) were performed on 171 young operative treated AIS patients. The PTN-SEP obtained from 45 age-matched healthy control individuals were considered as standard values. Tonsillar ectopia (TE) was defined as any inferior displacement of the tonsils. Absence of SEP waveforms, prolongation of peek latency or asymmetrical peek latency were defined as pathological change. The incidence of TE and pathological SEP was determined in all AIS patients. The association of TE and abnormal SEP for AIS patients was also assessed.

RESULTS
The incidence of TE and abnormal SEP in AIS patients was 36.8% (63/171) and 36.3% (62/171), respectively. It was shown the frequency of TE and abnormal SEP were not significantly different among AIS patients with different curve severity. Statistical analysis failed to show a correlation between TE and abnormal SEP.

CONCLUSIONS
TE and disorder of somatosensory pathways do exist in a subgroup of AIS patients. However, there is not a significant association between TE and abnormal somatosensory function. It is suggested that TE and disorder of somatosensory function might contributes to different etiopathogenesis of AIS.


Using GBM model as the basic framework,this paper proposes a new diffusion model that includes the effect of competition in deriving optimal pricing.It analyzes the pricing process of two products.The analysis reveals that some of the optimal pricing strategies in the monopolist condition hold well in the competition with two players.The result shows that when two competitors select unified pricing strategies they benefit the most from the market.Based on the above research findings,the application of the model to the pricing practice is addressed,and an example of practical pricing is provided.


Objective To observe the protective effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on apoptosis of primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons which were induced by glucocorticoids.  Methods The neurons isolated from the hippocampus of 18 neonatal Wister rats were cultured in vitro. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) analysis was used to detect the lowest concentration of dexamethasone-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, so as to explore the protective effect of different concentrations of NGF on 0.10 × 10 6 mol/L dexamethasone-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis.  Results Compared with negative control group, the activity of rat hippocampal neurons was reduced significantly in dexamethasone Ⅰ (10 × 10 6 mol/L), Ⅱ (1 × 10 6 mol/L) and Ⅲ (0.10 × 10 6 mol/L) groups ( P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.000). After different concentrations of NGF were given, the activity of hippocampal neurons in NGF 0.18 ng/ml group was significantly lower than negative control group ( P = 0.000) and positive control group ( P = 0.010), while the activity of hippocampal neurons in NGF 18 ng/ml group was significantly higher than positive control group ( P = 0.000) and NGF 0.18 ng/ml group ( P = 0.000). Conclusions Glucocorticoids can induce the apoptosis of in vitro cultured rat hippocampal neurons, and 0.10 × 10 6 mol/L dexamethasone is the lowest sensitive dose. NGF plays a role of blocking dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.03.009


It was with deep regret that we learned of the death on July 13, 1968 of Professor Simon Masy, President of the European Association of Radiology. Born on March 13, 1903, Simon Masy graduated at the Catholic University of Louvain in 1928. He then qualified in radiology and following this spent some time in Paris and Maastricht.


Stroke outcome is dependent on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent neuroplasticity. As peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) contain BDNF, diapedesis of these cells might be followed by BDNF delivery to the ischemic brain. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the association between BDNF levels in PBMC and functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke. BDNF was measured in PBMC that were isolated from ischemic stroke patients (n = 40) just before (day 0) and after (days 1 and 3) fibrinolysis. Three months after stroke, patients were stratified using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) according to the unfavorable (mRS scores 3–6) and favorable (mRS scores 0–2) functional outcome. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regressions to assess the relationship between BDNF levels in PBMC and functional outcome. BDNF levels in PBMC decreased from day 0 to day 3 in patients with unfavorable outcome, while they remained stable in patients with favorable outcome. Patients with favorable outcome exhibited at day 3 higher PBMC-BDNF levels than patients with unfavorable outcome and the levels were associated with good outcome (odd ratio: 12.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–106.2, P = 0.023). PBMC-BDNF levels remained a predictor of stroke outcome after adjusting from cardiovascular risk, interval between admission and fibrinolysis, stroke severity from hospital admission to discharge, lymphocytes count, neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio at admission. Favorable functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients that benefited from fibrinolysis was predicted by a high BDNF level in PBMC, suggesting that PBMC might serve as a cellular vector to deliver BDNF to the ischemic brain. Impact statement There are a great number of arguments suggesting that BDNF could be involved in stroke recovery dependent of neuroplasticity. Methods that can enhance BDNF levels in the ischemic brain could therefore have great clinical value. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that contain BDNF and infiltrate early and sustainably the ischemic brain might be used as a cellular vector to deliver BDNF to the ischemic brain and consequently promote recovery. This work is important in this field to show if this BDNF derived from BDNF could exert a positive action on stroke recovery. Our main results showed that a high BDNF level at day 3 after hospital admission was associated with a 12.4 fold increase in favorable outcome after adjusting for still recognized prognostic markers. The new information in this field is this finding identifies PBMC as an attractive cellular vector to deliver BDNF to the ischemic brain.


A power plant comprising a radiation receiver for a solar heating medium stream (7) and a turbine (13), the turbine (13) for receiving steam from the medium after heating of the solar radiation receiver, the said turbine and a generator (14), wherein a combustion chamber is provided in the solar radiation receiver (7) downstream of the turbine (13) upstream of an air compressor having a compressed air outlet (10; 28 ) is provided to provide compression to the combustion chamber (8) of the combustion air, a steam generator (15) is arranged to acquire heat from the turbine (13) in the outlet stream, and used to generate steam, the steam is delivered to the solar radiation receiver (7) is a steam inlet medium, is then passed to the combustion chamber. The present invention further relates to a method.


Grant #NAGW-1408 was specifically awarded to obtain telescopic visible and near-IR spectral imaging of Mars during the 1988 apparition (9/28/88). The observing program was highly successful producing approximately 2 Gbytes of data, but was only funded for one year and virtually all of the funds were spent in data acquisition. The follow-up grant was funded the following year for reduction of these data into a scientifically productive form, which because of the size and nature of our observations, was a non-trivial task. A more detailed scientific analysis of these data (fully reduced) is in progress now and will take a number of years. Extended geologic analyses of the astronomical data are being funded by the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics program. The objective was to produce detailed reflectance spectra for contiguous, spatially resolved surface elements covering most of the planet (about +50 degrees to -90 degrees latitude, all longitudes). A total of 6 observing runs, of 3-4 days duration each, were conducted on the University of Arizona's 1.5m telescope on Mt. Bigelow. We present a sketch map showing the approximate total extent of our spectral image coverage. Nearly all of Mars south of 40 degrees N was observed at least once. About half of the area shown was observed multiple times. South of 65 degrees S, including the south polar cap, our coverage is heavily redundant. The first run was conducted June 29 - July 1, 1988 (all dates are UT) to serve as a baseline prior to possible dust storm activity on Mars. The other observing runs were closer to opposition: Sept. 3-6, 13-15, 24-26, and Oct. 5-7 and 16-18. The September and October observations were scheduled to provide maximum longitudinal coverage. This was also intended to provide a balance between surface observations and observations of predicted dust storm activity. No global dust storm developed in 1988, so we have a large volume of data for the surface of Mars.


Article information Background: With the advancement of hip surgery and increased life span in many nations, the need for acetabular revision surgery is expected to grow. Many options are available for such surgery, including the use of impacted bone graft. The Aim of The Work: This work aimed to assess the clinical results of impacted bone graft in reconstructing the acetabular bone defect after a failed hip surgery. Patients and Methods: Between 2013 and 2019, we performed reconstructions of the acetabulum for 20 patients, who had at least one acetabular operation before revision. Surgical reconstruction was conducted using an impacted cancellous bone graft. Each patient was directed to long-term clinical [primary outcome] and radiological evaluations. The direct postoperative clinical and radiographic outcomes were evaluated and the patient continued regular follow up visits for at least 12 months after surgery. Results: According to the modified Harris-Hip [MHH] score, the results rated as excellent [35%], good [25%], fair [25%] and poor [15%]. No pain was recorded for 40%, slight pain for 30%. Thirteen patients [65%] were able to walk alone without support, while the remaining 7 used a support in the form of a cane [25%] or crutches [10%]. Leg-length discrepancy [>2.5 cm] was reported in two patients. Conclusion: Successful results were obtained using the impaction technique for acetabular reconstruction, with restoration of near normal mechanics. The union rate is satisfactory. Augmentation of the grafting technique by mesh or rings added more stability to the cup component.


Global awareness of environmental issues has boosted interest in renewable energy resources, among which solar energy is one of the most attractive renewable sources. The massive growth of PV plants, both in number and size, has motivated the development of new approaches for their inspection and monitoring. In this paper, a rigorous drone photogrammetry approach using optical Red, Green and Blue (RGB) and Infrared Thermography (IRT) images is applied to detect one of the most common faults (hot spots) in photovoltaic (PV) plants. The latest advances in photogrammetry and computer vision (i.e., Structure from Motion (SfM) and multiview stereo (MVS)), together with advanced and robust analysis of IRT images, are the main elements of the proposed methodology. We developed an in-house software application, SunMap, that allows automatic, accurate, and reliable detection of hot spots on PV panels. Along with the identification and geolocation of malfunctioning PV panels, SunMap provides high-quality cartographic products by means of 3D models and true orthophotos that provide additional support for maintenance operations. Validation of SunMap was performed in two different PV plants located in Spain, generating positive results in the detection and geolocation of anomalies with an error incidence lower than 15% as validated by the manufacturer's standard electrical tests.


PURPOSE
To study the effect of film scanning orientation for new EBT-XD film using Vidar and Epson scanners, compared with EBT3 films.

METHODS
The EBT-XD (lot#01081501) and EBT3 films (lot#11031501) were cut into 4cm×7cm pieces and each film piece was uniformly exposed to a 6MV photon beam (15×15cm2 ) at 5 cm depth and 100cm SAD in polystyrene phantom, one at a time. The doses delivered were 0,2.5,5,10,20,30,40 and 50 Gy for EBT-XD films, and 0,0.5,1,2,4,8,12 and 16 Gy for EBT3 films, respectively. All films were scanned at least 16 hours after irradiation, one at a time, in portrait or landscape orientation, using a Vidar DosimetryPro Advantage Red and an Epson 10000XL scanner (red channel). Each film piece was positioned at the center of a frame (36cm×36cm) with a cutout slightly larger than the film size for scanning. The scanned data (71 dpi), were analyzed using ImageJ and the average in the ROI (3cm×3cm) of each film at the center was obtained.

RESULTS
Dose response curves (netOD vs. dose) were established and compared with EBT-XD and EBT3 film in portrait or landscape orientation using these two scanners. The portrait to landscape (P/L) ratio for each film/scanner combination was determined. The EBT-XD film is about three times less sensitive than EBT3 film. The netOD is higher for portrait than landscape orientation for all the film/scanner combinations. For EBT-XD and EBT3, the average P/L ratios are 1.02 and 1.03 using Vidar scanner, and 1.03 and 1.05 using Epson scanner (red channel), respectively.

CONCLUSION
The effect of film scanning orientation for new EBT-XD film using Vidar Advantage Red and Epson 10000XL scanners has been studied, in comparison with EBT3 film. The portrait/landscape ratios are the lowest for EBT-XD film using Vidar Advantage Red scanner among the four film/scanner combinations.


This work is concerned with data security in the use of information and telecommunication devices and the rights to privacy of their users. The theoretical part is divided into two basic chapters which deal with two fundamental problematic situations of ownership and use of equipment. It is a conflict of interest between the user privacy and security of corporate data. The last chapter presents the principles of safety in the individual platforms that are most common in market. In the practical part of the bachelor's work is proposed text of the security policy, which could become universal template for processing of the internal regulation "security policy of information" in companies and organizations and templates of internal directives.


High oil content fine individual walnut are selected to lay a foundation for the establishment of gene pool of walnut germplasm resources and the collection and preserve processing walnut germplasm.From 2007 to 2010,after pre-selection and check,walnut oil content are determined with the Soxhlet extraction,with reference to the national standardof GB7907-87,to prepare a high oil content walnut selection standard.According to the selection standard,the last selection of 6 fine individual plant with high oil content are determined and introduced.


Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new computer networking architecture that uses standardized application programming interface. Traditional networking architectures have limitations which must be overcome to meet today's requirements. SDN promises to remove the limitations on current network infrastructure. This paper briefly introduces SDN as the next wave of networking.


A Questionnaire was sent to 110 dental schools in 11 countries in order to evaluate the amount and content of didactic and clinical geriatric dentistry being taught in each school. The overall response rate was 91.8%. The approach to Geriatric Dentistry seemed to vary by country, but with considerable differences among schools in the same countries. The content of the majority of curricula was clinical material related to medical and prosthetics problems rather than gerontological in nature, but varied by country. Clinical experiences were mainly associated with ambulatory elderly patients being treated in dental schools with remote site experiences existing mainly in the U.S.A.