An effective service restoration (SR) strategy for distribution network plays a key role in improving service reliability and enhancing customers' satisfaction. Several evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been developed in order to solve this problem. However, most of them do not include compensators in the plan. Others use some simplifying assumptions in order to limit the search space, which degrade the quality of obtained results. In addition, EAs suffer from high computational burden especially when improper modeling and operators are used. This paper proposes an integrated framework for EA in order to solve the SR problem which employs an efficient modeling of distribution network and simultaneously optimizes the network's configuration, the amount of load shedding and compensators' settings using special operators. Furthermore, a new technique has been proposed which limits the search space to only the area affected by the fault(s). Simulations prove efficiency of the proposed method by providing fast and high quality results.


In this study, an automatic method based on Triplanar Convolutional Neural Network is proposed for liver tumor segmentation using Computed Tomography (CT) images. The triplanar views consist of axial, sagittal and coronal planes and these three planes are fed into the Convolutional Neural Network input streams to automatically learn discriminative features for segmenting tumor from liver CT images. The preliminary results show that Triplanar Convolutional Neural Network approach has better performance than Single-view Convolutional Neural Network approach in liver tumor segmentation.


SUMMARY Twenty-two patients withheart disease performed a standard isometric exercise, sustained handgrip, during thecourse ofdiagnostic cardiac catheterization. During handgrip an increase inmean arterial pressure(average 87to104mm Hg)was noted inallpatients. Coronary sinusblood flowandmyocardial 02 consumption increased (average 45%)inall patients somonitored. Systemic vascular resistance increased in19 patients, incontrast tothe responsereported innormal volunteers. Therelation between left ventricular stroke-work index andLVEDP(left ventricular function curve) during thecontrol stateandduring thefourth minuteofsustained handgrip provided a simple estimate ofleft ventricular reserveandcorrelated wellwiththeNew YorkHeart Association functional classification ofthepatient studied. Patients withgoodreserve hada rise instroke-work withlittle or no change inLVEDP.Patients with poor reserve hada fall instroke-work together with a substantial rise inLVEDP.Itisconcluded that thestress imposed bysustained handgrip provides a simple testfortheevaluation ofleft ventricular reserve.


Spreadsheet activities following the Spreadsheets Across the Curriculum (SSAC) model have been modified using VBA programming to automatically generate feedback, calculate grades, and ensure that students complete them in a linear fashion. Feedback is based not only on the value of cells, but also on the formulas used to compute the values. These changes greatly ease the burden of grading on instructors, and help students more quickly master tasks and concepts by providing immediate and directed feedback to their answers. Students performed significantly better on the new spreadsheet activities compared to traditional SSAC versions, with 87% achieving perfect scores of 100%.


We report studies of dissociative recombination in electron‐beam excited argon at pressures from 200 to 12 000 Torr. In these experiments, we measure the decay in absolute intensity of the fluorescence from Ar (3p5 4p) dissociative products. By summing over all significant product fluorescence, we determine the total effective recombination rate for electrons, the electron density, and the branching fraction for production of several individual states by recombination. For pressures above three atmospheres, similar quantities are observed by monitoring the Ar*2 excimer emission. At low pressures, we find that the rates are in good agreement with previous workers. At high pressures, we observe a factor of 6 increase in the recombination coefficient over that measured at 200 Torr. At a constant electron beam current, the electron density rises as the argon density increases, reaches a maximum at ∼5000 Torr, and decreases after 7000 Torr. A discussion of possible models to explain the pressure dependence of ...


The thermal impact of GIC on the tertiary windings of power transformers has been an area of great interest to the power Industry. This impact is caused by circulating currents induced in the $\Delta$ – connected tertiary windings as consequence to cores of the 3 single-phase transformers in a bank, or the three core limbs of a 3-phase transformer, become saturated due to flow of GIC at different instances on a cycle [1].This phenomenon has been investigated by the Authors of this paper. The investigations performed and results of these investigations are presented in this paper.The results indicate possible significant thermal impact in some transformer designs when exposed to high levels of GIC. It is hoped that the data and information presented in this paper provide better understanding of this important aspect of thermal impact of GIC on Power transformers.


Metabolic and bariatric surgery involves more than altering the stomach and small bowel anatomy to provoke structural changes in the gastrointestinal tract from a mechanical point of view to treat morbid obesity. Its profound impact on the body's metabolism goes beyond anatomy and enters the realm of physiology. This is one of the most challenging and influential surgical subspecialties today due to its proven beneficial impact on the worldwide obesity epidemic and its millions of patients. A brief but comprehensive overview of the history of this fascinating yet challenging discipline and its advancement into the minimally invasive arena will be presented. Moreover, the body of this chapter will provide evidence-based data dealing with its indications, approaches, minimally invasive techniques including robotic surgery, the most common operations and the most recently introduced procedures, and management of complications. The impact of the laparoscopic revolution at the end of the twentieth century and the relevance of the robotic revolution from this century will be emphasized. An important point that will be made is the very specialized discipline of revisional bariatric surgery and its crucial role on the treatment of complications and failures that require extensive training and experience.


In the first 30 years of the 3rd millennium, the global demand for food will double. In order to produce enough food and to ensure good harvests, farmers everywhere in the world need a reliable source of good-quality seed. Access to improved seeds, adapted to local conditions, will be the key to achieving sustained intensification of food production. Crop improvement by means of biotechnology has now become a reality. The "globalisation of biotechnology" is underway. Although the potential of biotechnology is now quite well known, and indeed was advocated in Agenda 21 as early as 1992, progress in the development, realization and utilization of genetically modified crops in many developing countries is far too slow. By reorganizing plant DNA resources, it will be possible to improve the carrying capacity of the Earth. Innovative and vigorous forms of public-private collaboration are required if the benefits of modern biotechnology are to be brought to all of the world's people; incentives are needed to encourage commercial research companies to share with the public sector more of their capacity for innovation. "Making New Technologies Work for Human Development" [1] will be a sustainable guideline for responsible people shaping our future, because: "Mankind is at the Crossroads".
Key words: food, transgenic plants, functional genomics, biotechnology strategy, scientific apartheid, technology transfer, private-public partnership. Rsum
LA BIOTECHNOLOGIE VEGETALE: PERSPECTIVES D'AVENIR DES PAYS EN DEVELOPPEMENT ENTRE 2002 ET 2025
Au cours des 30 premires annes du 3me millnium, la demande mondiale en nourriture va doubler. Pour produire assez de denres alimentaires et assurer de bonnes rcoltes, partout dans le monde les agriculteurs ont besoin d'une source sre de semences de bonne qualit. L'accs des semences amliores, adaptes aux conditions locales, sera la cl pour atteindre une intensification soutenue de la production alimentaire. L'amlioration des denres alimentaires au moyen de la biotechnologie est devenue maintenant une ralit. La "mondialisation de la biotechnologie"; est en cours. Bien que le potentiel de la biotechnologie soit maintenant assez bien connu, car en effet il a fait l'objet de plaidoyer dans Programme 21 en 1992, le progrs dans l'laboration, la ralisation et l'utilisation des denres gntiquement modifies dans beaucoup de pays en dveloppement est beaucoup trop lent. En rorganisant les ressources vgtales d'ADN, il sera possible d'amliorer la capacit de la terre de les porter. Des formes novatrices et vigoureuses de la collaboration entre les secteurs public et priv sont indispensables afin que les avantages de la biotechnologie moderne soient la porte de toute la population du monde entier; les stimulants sont ncessaires pour encourager les entreprises de recherche commerciale partager davantage avec le secteur public leur capacit d'innovation. "Making New Technologies Work for Human Development" [1] (Mettre les Nouvelles Technologies au service du Dveloppement Humain) sera une directive viable pour des gens responsables qui faonnent notre avenir, parce que "l'humanit est au Carrefour".
Mots cls: nourriture, plantes trans-gniques, gnomique fonctionnelle, stratgie de la biotechnologie, apartheid scientifique, transfert de la technologie, le partenariat entre les secteurs priv et public.
(Af. J. of Food and Nutritional Sciences: 2002 2(2): 39-46)


Breast Cancer is the most common type of cancer & leading cause of deaths in women worldwide. Early diagnosis of breast cancer and proper treatment play a vital role in death rate reduction. The success of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) models in image classification tasks with state of art level accuracy has always attracted researchers to use them for disease diagnosis in the field of medical imaging. The proposed method uses CNN based fixed feature extraction technique, a type of deep transfer learning approach to perform binary classification of breast masses using Mammography Images. Mammography images are obtained from three publicly available datasets namely Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS), Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM) and Inbreast. The pretrained CNN models: VGG16, VGG19 & Resnet-50 performs feature extraction from the mammography images. The extracted features from CNN models are then classified into malignant & benign masses using Random Forest machine learning classifier. The models performances have been summarized with performance matrices (Sensitivity, Specificity, F1-score, and Accuracy), onfusion matrices and ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) curves. The combination of pretrained models, VGG16/VGG19/Resnet-50 & RF classifier gave model accuracies of: 0.81%, 0.80%,0.83% for the MIAS dataset, 0.994%, 0.986%, 0.996% for DDSM Dataset and 0.83%, 0.81%,0.87% for Inbreast dataset respectively. Automated classification of breast mass from the mammography images can be used by the doctors as a quick and efficient method for breast cancer screening.


A resection of the right upper lobe of the lung was carried out on a twenty-six-year-old Korean male, who due to a long-term chemotherapy, had Shown resistance to Atni-TB drugs. After the operation, 0.25mg. Cycloselyne was administered-orally twice a day with a view to controlling possible postoperative complications.Toward the end of this treatment, the patient developed mental disorder. Thus, Cycluserine was discontinued. The patient was then successfully treated by administration of chlorpromazine for 20 days.


This study explored the contribution of the phonological and executive working memory (WM) systems to 205 (102 girls, 103 boys, 6 to 9 years old) elementary school children's fluid and crystallized intelligence. The results show that (a) a 3-factor structure (phonological short-term memory [STM], visual-spatial WM, and verbal WM) was comparable between age groups, (b) controlled attention and STM storage accounted for 67% of the age-related variance in WM, (c) effect sizes for direct paths from WM were substantially larger when predicting fluid intelligence than crystallized intelligence, and (d) the contribution of STM to intelligence was isolated to reading. The results suggest that the development of WM is distinct from STM, controlled attention plus storage accounted for age-related WM changes, and WM underlies age-related changes in both fluid and crystallized intelligence.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the alteration and significance of the DPC4 gene in paraffin-embedded tissues of pancreatic carcinomas.

METHODS
Polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis were used to search for deletions and mutations in the DPC4 gene in 46 cases of pancreatic carcinomas.

RESULTS
Thirteen of forty-six (28.3%) cases were found to have homozygous deletions in exon 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 11. One was in exon 11, one in exon 1 and 11, one in exon 2 and 3, one in exon 3 and 8, one in exon 1, 2 and 8, one in exon 2, 4 and 11, one in exon 3, 4 and 11, three in exon 3, 4 and 8, one in exon 2, 3, 4, and 8, one in exon 2, 3, 8 and 11, one in exon 2, 3, 4, 8 and 11. Intragenic mutations were found in 10 of 46 cases (21.7%). One case was in exon 1, one in exon 2, three in exon 8, four in exon 11, and one in exon 4 and 11. The total frequency of intragenic changes of DPC4 in paraffin-embedded tissues was 45.6% (21/46).

CONCLUSION
Inactivation of tumor-suppressor gene DPC4 may play an important role during the tumorigenesis of pancreatic carcinomas.


A market analysis of bridge materials was completed, which indicated a declining trend in the use of steel girders over the last two decades. A new construction technique for steel girder bridges was developed to enhance their competitiveness in the short to medium span length range. In the new method, girders are placed on the supports as simple spans under construction loads. The continuity of the girders is obtained for traffic loads after hardening of the slab and diaphragm concrete through steel reinforcements. A cost-benefit analysis of two bridges constructed using the new method was completed. The study revealed that the cost and time of construction of the superstructure in each case was reduced by employing the new technique. Three possible connection details were proposed to complete the design of the new concept. In order to investigate the structural behavior of the proposed connections, a full-scale specimen of each type was designed, constructed and tested. In the first phase of testing, a cyclic load was applied to study the fatigue behavior. In the second phase, an ultimate load test was conducted to investigate the failure mechanism. To further study the structural behavior of the system, a series of finite element analyses was carried out and verified by the experimental testing results. Through these methods, the failure mode of each test specimen was identified. To explore the design capabilities of the new method, the mechanical behavior of the first and third specimens was described with a mathematical model. Design equations were then extracted from the simplified model and verified through finite element analyses.


There is a gap between game theory and practical model checking. Although logics for expressing gametheoretic concepts like Nash equilibria, notably Strategy Logic (Sl), have been put forward recently, there are currently no tools supporting them. This report documents the design of the first practical model checking algorithms for two fragments of Sl and their symbolic implementation using binary decision diagrams. We explain how we incorporated both algorithms in the existing model checker MCMAS and added support for strategy synthesis. We evaluate the performance of the algorithms on several scalable scenarios and compare it with the original tool. Our results demonstrate that Sl model checking is feasible in practice despite its high computational complexity.


The present invention discloses a method of switching voice traffic to a circuit-type data service, applied to an IP based core network and the IP-based CDMA system, the method comprising: the mobile terminal sends a service feature change to the mobile switching center code; the mobile switching center to change the setting pattern according to the service bearer update request message; and the bearer update request message to the base station controller; base station controller according to the bearer update request message transmits a handover request to the mobile switching center. To change the data traffic type circuit according to the present invention, the mobile switching center by the voice service is detected, the base station does not need to configure the controller detects TC, thereby saving system resources.


THE POOR HAVE POOR HEALTH. AT FIRST BLUSH THAT is neither new nor surprising. Perhaps it should be more surprising than it is. In rich countries, such as the United States, the nature of poverty has changed—people do not die from lack of clean water and sanitary facilities or from famine—and yet, persistently, those at the bottom of the socioeconomic scale have worse health than those above them in the hierarchy. Even more challenging is that socioeconomic differences in health are not confined to poor health for those at the bottom and good health for everyone else. Rather, there is a social gradient in health in individuals who are not poor: the higher the social position, the better the health. I have labeled this "the status syndrome." When we first drew attention to the phenomenon of the social gradient in coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Whitehall study of British Civil Servants, it seemed a quirky observation that flew in the face of conventional wisdom. In the 1970s, it was widely accepted that CHD was a disease of affluence caused by stress and affluent lifestyle. Yet the Whitehall study showed that individuals second from the top of the occupational hierarchy had higher CHD mortality rates than those above them, and those third from the top had higher rates still. Moreover, this social gradient in mortality was seen not only for CHD, but for most of the major causes of death. It turned out that civil servants in the London area of Whitehall, far from representing an atypical postimperial backwater, were typical of the developed world. The phenomenon of the social gradient in health has been observed worldwide and has, at last, become a vigorous area of research. This article draws on the research of the Londonbased group and argues that what researchers have learned about causes of illnesses and death and what society could do about them has great relevance to health in the United States and other rich nations. Conventional explanations for noncommunicable disease—lack of access to medical care, unhealthy lifestyles—at best only partially explain the status syndrome. Rather, the lower individuals are in the social hierarchy, the less likely it is that their fundamental human needs for autonomy and to be integrated into society will be met. Failure to meet these needs leads to metabolic and endocrine changes that in turn lead to increased risk of disease.


In this thesis we study a coordinated path following problem for multi-agent systems. Each agent is modelled by a smooth, nonlinear, autonomous, deterministic control-affine ordinary differential equation. Coordinated path following involves designing feedback controllers that make each agent's output approach and traverse a pre-assigned path while simultaneously coordinating its motion with the other agents. Coordinated motion along paths includes tasks like maintaining formations, traversing paths at a common speed and more general tasks like making the positions of some agents obey functional constraints that depend on the states of other agents. The coordinated path following problem is viewed as a nested set stabilization problem. In the nested set stabilization approach, stabilization of the larger set corresponds to driving the agents to their assigned paths. This set, under suitable assumptions, is an embedded, controlled invariant, product submanifold and is called the multi-agent path following manifold. Stabilization of the nested set, contained in the multi-agent path following manifold, corresponds to meeting the coordination specification. Under appropriate assumptions, this set is also an embedded controlled invariant submanifold which we call the coordination set. Our approach to locally solving nested set stabilization problems is based on feedback equivalence of control systems. We propose and solve two local feedback equivalence problems for nested invariant sets. The first, less restrictive, solution gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the dynamics of a system restricted to the larger submanifold and transversal to the smaller submanifold to be linear and controllable. This normal form facilitates designing controllers that locally stabilize the coordination set relative to the multi-agent path following manifold. The second, more restrictive, result additionally im-


This paper presents the study of the properties of objects that were fabricated with fused deposition modeling technology while using Poly (lactic acid)/Walnut shell powder (PLA/WSP) biocomposite filaments. The WSP was treated while using NaOH followed by silane. The infrared spectrum of treated and untreated WSP was characterized. The result was that thermal and mechanical properties could be improved by adjusting the concentration of silane. The experimental results showed: the surface compatibility between WSP and PLA was dramatically improved through treatment with KH550. The crystalline, thermal gravity, and thermal degradation temperatures of biocomposite with untreated WSP were improved from 1.46%, 60.3 °C, and 239.87 °C to 2.84%, 61.3 °C, and 276.37 °C for the biocomposites with treated WSP, respectively. The tensile, flexural, and compressive strengths of biocomposites were raised each by 8.07%, 14.66%, and 23.32%. With the determined silane concentration, PLA/10–15 wt.% treated WSP biocomposites were processed and tested. The results showed that the tensile strength was improved to 56.2 MPa, which is very near to that of pure PLA. Finally, the porous scaffolds with controllable porosity and pore size were manufactured.


High penetration of renewable energies in power systems leads to the necessity of comprehensive modelling of a microgrid (MG) for its appropriate control. The distributed secondary control in the MG can be used for complementing the role of primary droop-based control. This paper presents a systematic way of developing a linearized small signal state space model with distributed secondary control as well as stability analysis of an islanded AC MG. The MG considered here, consists of three distributed generations (DGs) represented in the synchronous (DQ) reference frame. To show the effect of controller parameters on system stability, the eigenvalue analysis is presented here. The MATLAB/Simulink model of islanded MG with both primary and secondary control strategies is also developed to verify the outcomes of small-signal analysis. The simulation results show that the voltage controller simultaneously achieves the critical voltage restoration and accurate reactive power sharing.


This study will present an experience of partnership between health and education, teaching and services areas in the context of the attendance to infants in educational institutions. Such partnership allowed us to develop the understanding of the education professionals´ role in the childhood care, as well as to characterize a field of performance of these health professionals, particularly the nurse, far beyond the health establishment walls. Considerations on this experience intend to support similar projects. We recommend methodologies and pedagogical strategies to promote assimilation of the reality, as well to increase knowledge and to encourage practical changes.


We continue our investigations of Word-Phrase-Entity (WPE) Language Models that unify words, phrases and classes, such as named entities, into a single probabilistic framework for the purpose of language modeling. In the present study we show how WPE LMs can be adapted to work in a personalized scenario where class definitions change from user to user or even from utterance to utterance. Compared to traditional classbased LMs in various conditions, WPE LMs exhibited comparable or better modeling potential without requiring pre-tagged training material. We also significantly scaled the experimental setup by widening the target domain, amplifying the amount of training material and increasing the number of classes.


The welding robot system designed in this paper is helpful to realize welding automation. The closed loop control system and algorithm of arc rotating speed have been designed, so arc rotating speed was stabilized near the set value and the tracking accuracy of fillet weld has been improved by the rotating arc sensor. A data acquisition system and a motion control system have been designed based on multi-sensor technology. The mapping relationship between the features in the welding seam image and the pose of the welding gun was established, so as to realize the identification of the pose of the welding gun based on three-wire laser vision sensing technology. The effect of wire extension, welding currents and welding voltages on the current waveform was investigated based on the rotating arc sensor. By using the designed system and algorithm, the welding deviations recognition experiment, the arc rotating speed control experiment and the tracking experiment of the right-angle welding seam have been carried out. The experimental results showed that the welding deviations were located within [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm, and the welding robot can track the complex welding seam accurately and reliably.


From now on Korea railway industry will go aboard, our industry needs high potential oversea railway export of each sector. For example, Project manager, civil engineer, railway track engineer, operation scheduling export, rolling stock manager etc. Korea railway industry will face this mega-challenge. For preparation industry employee development, Korea railway industries entities such as private companies, public railway organization, government, try to brought oversea capacities employees. In this thesis, we researched status of level of Korea railway industry employees education for 32 companies and 59,000 employees during 2 months. After that, we suggest to proper HRD policy of education programs.


We demonstrate efficient first-order quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a surface periodically poled Ti:indiffused lithium niobate waveguide; 6 mW of continuous-wave blue radiation (=412.6 nm) was produced showing the potential of surface domain inversion for efficient nonlinear waveguide interactions.


Motivated by [G. Cannizzaro, M. Hairer, Comm. Pure Applied Math., '22], we provide a construction of the Brownian Web (see [T\'oth B., Werner W., Probab. Theory Related Fields, '98] and [L. R. G. Fontes, M. Isopi, C. M. Newman, and K. Ravishankar, Ann. Probab., '04]), i.e. a family of coalescing Brownian motions starting from every point in $\mathbb R^2$, as a random variable taking values in the space of (spatial) $\mathbb R$-trees. This gives a stronger topology than the classical one {(i.e.\ Hausdorff convergence on closed sets of paths)}, thus providing us with more continuous functions of the Brownian Web and ruling out a number of potential pathological behaviours. Along the way, we introduce a modification of the topology of spatial $\mathbb R$-trees in [T. Duquesne, J.-F. Le Gall, Probab. Theory Related Fields, '05] and [M. T. Barlow, D. A. Croydon, T. Kumagai, Ann. Probab. '17] which makes it a complete separable metric space and could be of independent interest. We determine some properties of the characterisation of the Brownian Web in this context (e.g.\ its box-counting dimension) and recover some which were determined in earlier works, such as duality, special points and convergence of the graphical representation of coalescing random walks.


Objective To study the relationship between the apoptosis and the expression of p21,p53 and Bcl-2 in esophageal cancers with and without preoperative chemotherapy.?Methods Immunohisto-chemical method was used to detect the apoptosis and the expression of p21, p53 and Bcl-2 in the surgical specimens from two groups of patients (n=50 each). One group were treated with preoperative combination chemotherapy consisting of low-dose fraction cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, the other group were not.?Results The value of AI was higher in the group of esophageal carcinoma with preoperative chemotherapy than in that without, (3.112±1.551)% vs. (1.992±1.238)%. AI was higher in p21(+) cancers than in p21(-) ones.In the preoperative chemotherapy group, the positive rate of Bcl-2 was higher in the poorly differentiated cancers than in the grade I or II cancers.?Conclusions Preoperative chemotherapy could evidently induce the apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma cells. As there is a close relationship between apoptosis and the expression of p21and p53, determination of the latter helps to estimate the malignancy and prognosis of esophageal carcinoma. It is also believed that the poorly differentiated esophageal cancers tend to be refractory to chemotherapy.


The GDP of the United States always attracts the global attention. It represents the strength of the world's largest economy and the per capita living standard of developed countries. Therefore, many scholars try to use various methods to predict it. On the basis of previous research, this paper collects the Fred's quarterly U.S. GDP data, uses ARIMA model and exponential smoothing to model the US's GDP from 1950 to 2021. Then, the authors compare the actual values with the predicted values to select a better model. After that, the established model is used to forecast the US's GDP. The results show that the two methods generally maintain a high degree of fit, but the error generated increases with the widening of the expected range. Among these two methods, the average error value of the exponential smoothing method is slightly smaller than ARIMA, but ARIMA's forecasts are more accurate in the early. Therefore, ARIMA should be used preferentially for the forecast in the short term and the exponential smoothing method should be preferred for long-term forecasts. Furthermore, we use the exponential smoothing method to make a short-term forecast for the U.S. GDP by the fourth quarter of 2023. The results show that the U.S. GDP will increase at an average rate of 0.9344%, and the upward trend is stable and cyclical. Finally, the result of the above provides an effective basis for the US economic construction work and plays an inspirational role for China's economic policy formulation.


In 1996, Via Campesina, the recently formed international umbrella organization of grassroots peasant groups, introduced the term "food sovereignty": the right of peoples and states to democratically decide their own food and agricultural policies and to produce needed foods in their own territories in a manner reinforcing the cultural values of the people while protecting the environment. This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website , where most recent articles are published in full. Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


The paper presents the non-coherent approach to the problem of determining the angular position of the incoherent sources of electromagnetic radiation (or the Direction of Arrival of the signals) by the passive phased array. In contrast to the coherent approach in case of multiple incoherent sources with complex modulation the interference phenomena occurs due to the time delay between signals. It causes the instantaneous changes in the monopulse processor output that can prevent the proper estimation of Direction of Arrival of the signal of interest.


1983 — Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of Western Palearctic, vol. 3 — Oxford University Press, Oxford, 913 pp. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palearctic by CRAMP, Stanley et al. (eds) and a great selection. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the North Atlantic Oscillation and timing of spring migration in birds.


This paper is a case study report on the 1982 Canadian Mount Everest Expe dition. The climbers were asked to evaluate each other on the basis of three statements reflecting (a) personal friendship, (b) mountaineering expertise, and (c) responsibility and reliability at pre, mid and post expedition dates. Following two tragic accidents six of the fifteen climbers left the expedition. There were significant differences in interpersonal evaluations between some members of the group who stayed and some members of the group who left. The group who left lowered their evaluations of the leader in particular. The leader's autocratic style was not perceived by some climbers to always be appropriate to the situation prior to the accidents. Once the group was reduced in size and personality conflicts between some who stayed and some who left were eliminated, along with several other situational factors, the leader's style changed and was seen as more appropriate to the situation and the life cycle of the group. Emotional reactions to the directives of the leader were seen as a major factor in evaluating his decisions.


Laparoscopic‐assisted abdominoperineal resection and en‐bloc prostatectomy using the trans‐sacral approach for locally invasive rectal cancer that invades only the prostate is useful in order to avoid total pelvic exenteration. The patient was a 63‐year‐old man with cT4b (prostate) N1M0, stage IIIC rectal cancer. Curative resection was performed. Histopathological findings did not indicate definitive invasion into the prostate gland. The patient was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 32 with an anastomotic leak and a ureteral catheter. The patient is able to urinate and has had no cancer recurrence. Laparoscopic bladder‐preserving surgery for locally invasive rectal cancer can preserve postoperative quality of life and provides oncological curability.


Soil chemical properties of Cambisols under two mountain land-uses (three forest lands formed by Picea abies Karst., Pinus mugo Turra., Pinus sylvestris L. respectively, and one mountain grassland) in Rila Mountain, Bulgaria, were studied to assess the role of vegetation on soil acidification. Soil organic matter content (SOM), рН, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations with strongly acidic functions (CECSA), the type of ions exchange over the plant roots and the ion exchange capacity of SOM were analysed. The studied forest soils are characterized with medium to high SOM content, medium to low colloidal functions and low to medium level of bases saturation. Soils under tree and grass vegetation differed in their level of acidification, characterized by a strong total acidity of soils under forest type of land-use. Over 70% of CEC of forest soils are characterized by abundance of exchangeable aluminum, which may facilitate the transfer of amphoteric metals in toxic quantities. Under grass vegetation the bases were between 44 and 91% of soil sorption capacity, and exchangeable aluminum was present in minimum quantities, which indicated the lack of destructive processes. The treeline Dwarf pine communities influence the soil formation process in the highland zone of NW Rila, where the transitional dark-coloured forest soil type (Mollic Cambisols) is observed. It could be concluded that grassland vegetation has the potential to reduce rates of soil acidification in studied mountain land-uses. Different vegetation and respectively the land-use type could be assumed as factors, which play important role in the processes of soil formation and explain the transitional soils observed in the studied highland region.


Knowing how to recognize and manage the various forms of conjunctival pigmented lesions can literally mean the difference between life and death in some cases.


We recently visited military units to carry out an investigative survey on the issue of how ideological and political work at the basic levels can be strengthened and improved under the conditions of a socialist commodity economy. In the survey we discovered that in general terms, the current ideological and political work at the basic levels has a tendency toward "weakening."


A teaching plan is the written form of the design and procedures for a class and is a guarantee of high-quality teaching. The best is selected from outstanding teaching plans in the teaching competition, which needs to be carefully considered from every aspect. Recently, many outstanding teaching plans selected in the national teaching competition came from the Peking University Health Science Center. This article is a preliminary analysis, exploring the methods of writing an outstanding teaching plan, in which the experience of Peking University Health Science Center was introduced. An outstanding teaching plan includes scientific, creative, brief, and artistic principles. The Peking University Health Science Center focuses on combining theory with clinical practice, encouraging interdisciplinarity, improving humanistic quality and scientific research ability, and broadening the international vision in writing a teaching plan. Hopefully, the summary of the writing experience and analysis of outstanding teaching plans would encourage improving the quality of writing a teaching plan and teaching a successful class in medical colleges and universities nationwide.

Key words:
Medical colleges and universities; Teaching plan; Teaching competition; Young teacher; Teaching quality


This paper presents the learning, the authors gained when dealing with back side pressure faults (BSPF) on 200 mm interconnect deposition tools equipped with minimum contact area (MCA) electrostatic chucks (ESC). It was found that BSPF's occurred more likely on chucks running mostly BiCMOS product. BiCMOS product was four times more susceptible to experience this fault than CMOS due to higher wafer bow and warpage which were traced to recrystallization of backside polysilicon at RTP emitter anneal. Moreover, a cost-effective rework scheme was implemented to prolong the life of ESC's. Long term solution of reducing wafer bow and warpage process is also being pursued


Piper kurichyarmalanum J. Mathew & P.M. Salim and P. ovalifructum J. Mathew & P.M. Salim (Piperaceae) from the southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India, are described as new species based on morphological data. Diagnostic morphological characters, distribution and images of these species are presented, along with a key to species of Piper section Muldera (clade Muldera) in India. Piper megacarpum J. Mathew is synonymized with P. galeatum (Miq.) C.DC.


The transmission performance of WDM transmission systems is influenced by many effects according to the type of optical fiber employed in the system. Japanese highspeed transmission systems use dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF). It is well known that the transmission distance of WDM systems employing DSF is restricted by fiber four-wave mixing (FWM). Unequally spaced channel allocation (USCA) was proposed to mitigate the FWM effect. However, if no FWM light is allowed to fall on any optical channel, the number of channels is limited. This paper proposes a new method to extend the number of USCA channels to more than 16 under the optical bandwidth limitation. This method determines channel allocation by considering the distribution of the zero-dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber. The transmission performance of a WDM transmission system employing the proposed USCA methodology is clarified by numerical simulation to confirm that the optical bandwidth requirements can be reduced without degrading transmission performance. As a result, for 16 × 2.5 Gbit/s, if the fiber input power ranges from −3 dBm/ch to 3 dBm/ch, the achievable transmission distance is 700 km; the fluctuation in zero-dispersion wavelength is assumed to have the standard deviation of 5 nm. For 16×10 Gbit/s, if the fiber input power ranges from 0 dBm/ch to 3 dBm/ch, the achievable transmission distance is 400 km. key words: WDM, DSF, FWM, unequally spaced channel allo-


Two units, respectively calc-alkaline and shoshonitic, have been identified in the formations of the bande volcanique mediane in the Champ du Feu Massif. These results and the previous data on the volcanics from the Bruche and Rabodeau Massifs (low-Ti tholeites and calc-alkaline series) and the plutonic calc-alkaline rocks of the Champ du Feu lead us to consider an active margin environment for the genesis of the Devono-Dinantian magmatism of the Northern Vosges. These data confirm the persistence of subductions until Visean times in the Northern part of the Variscan belt


The aim of this paper was to examine morphodinamics of development of skeletal musculature of pheasants hatched from eggs of different eggshell colour. Four groups of pheasant eggs (dark brown, light brown, brown/green and blue/green) were incubated. Samples of skeletal musculature of leg and breast were taken during the embryonic and neonatal period of development. From taken samples histological preparations were made. In pheasants hatched from blue/green eggs the smaller diameter of leg and breast muscle cells and the higher volume density of connective tissue in leg and breast muscles were recorded. It was concluded that pheasants hatched from blue/green eggs had the weakest development of skeletal musculature, which can be related to structural differences of eggshell of various colour.


The sphere of the mechanic force to draw a rice seedling in powder clay was carried out.The results indicated that the maximum drawing force was 25 3 N/plant,the minimum one was 4 3 N/plant,and suggesting a proper force were from 5 N/plant to 30 N/plant.


Traces of biological contaminants that cannot be detected, but are expected to be present, in ultra-pure water suffice to select the emerging chiral sign in the spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking that takes place during the formation of the J-aggregates of the amphiphilic diprotonated tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (H(4)TPPS(4)(2-)). This is demonstrated by competition experiments with a chiral cationic surfactant. The sensitivity of the detection depends on the hierarchical control of the H(4)TPPS(4)(2-) self-aggregation.


The purpose of this research is to investigate the 4th grade of elementary school students in term of solving their skill of LCM and GCD in math in the form of problem solving through model problem based learning (PBL). To support the research, the research procedure used a classroom action research procedure with two cycles. In the first cycle, the students who involved the class were 15 students from 21 students (71.42%) while in the cycle II, there were 19 students from 21 students (90.47%). The result showed that by implementing problem-based learning model on LCM and GCD materials, students was trained in term of mathematical problem solving skills. The implementation was also to train teachers' skills in learning mathematics using problem-based learning model. Keywords—PBL; problem-solving skills; Least Common Multiple (LCM); Greatest Common Divisor (GCD)


Seven acid phosphatase isoenzymes, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, 3b, 4 and 5, in human leukocytes have been separated both by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and by ion exchange chromatography. The study of these isoenzymes in preparations of various cell types indicates that at least some of the isoenzymes are cell type-specific, i.e., isoenzyme o in Gaucher cells, 1, 2 and 4 in neutrophils, 1 and 4 in monocytes, 3 in lymphocytes and platelets, 3b in primitive blasts and 5 in reticulum cells of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Isoenzyme 5 is different from others in its resistance to l (+)-tartaric acid treatment. The persistent presence of abnormally high isoenzyme 5 in the reticulum cells of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis may be important for the differential diagnosis of this disease. Possible relationships between these isoenzymes and subcellular organelles are discussed.


Abstract Racial/ethnic disparities in cognitive aging are only partly attributable to socioeconomic indicators. Emerging literature highlights psychosocial factors, such as related constructs of discrimination and perceived control. Using data from 1,463 older adults (51% Hispanic, 27% non-Hispanic Black, 22% non-Hispanic White) in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project, cross-sectional mediation models quantified separate indirect effects of Black race and Hispanic ethnicity on global cognitive composite scores. Socioeconomic status explained approximately 50% of Black-White and Hispanic-White disparities in cognition. Perceived control explained an additional 5-8%. Discrimination was not associated with cognition. Significant racial/ethnic disparities remained after accounting for the included socioeconomic and psychosocial factors, indicating that future studies should consider additional potential mediators. Lower perceived control, which likely reflects chronic exposure to interpersonal and institutional marginalization, may be a particularly salient psychosocial risk factor for poorer cognitive aging among certain racial/ethnic minority groups.


Clamp-on ultrasonic transit-time difference measurements of liquid flowrate are widely used in industry for both flow metering and heat metering applications. However, the sensors used tend to be relatively large, hindering their use on small diameter pipes, and using more material in the transducer wedge than is strictly necessary. The accuracy of the technique depends on a number of factors, and particularly on the accuracy of the compression wave speed in the liquid that is used in the calculations to obtain flowrate or heat transfer rate from the liquid in the pipe. Many flow meters either assume a value for the wave speed or obtain it using thermocouple measurements of the pipe exterior with a lookup table or simple equation. An error in the liquid ultrasonic velocity relates directly to errors in the calculated flowrate. It is highly beneficial if the ultrasonic wave speed in the liquid can be accurately measured in real time for flowrate calculations, especially for temperature and pressure varying conditions. A new type of small clamp-on ultrasonic transducer is reported, using a 6-mm-wide PEEK wedge that contains two piezoelectric elements, one of which generates sound normal to the flow direction, yielding the measurement of ultrasonic wave speed in the liquid. The new transducers were tested on a small rig with a 15-mm diameter copper pipe and a 70-mm diameter stainless steel pipe, yielding accurate measurements of liquid ultrasonic velocity and flowrates.


The article provides information about improvement of the weak clay subgrade using geotextile encased stone columns. This technology has proven its effectiveness in the construction of embankments on soft clay saturated soils on more than 30 projects in Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, Poland and Brazil. The article presents overview of the technology, the state of knowledge on this topic. Article present materials about relevance of the study of this technology for applying in Perm region which is characterized by the presence of weak bases represented by water-saturated clay soils, which are located in the zone of active urban construction. The article presents an overview and analysis of existing experimental studies of various scholars on the subject, which allows to identify the area of the current study which aim is applying this technology to improve the weak bases of the foundations of buildings and structures. Also it considers the problem of planning of the experimental studies of geotextile encased stone columns in the laboratory conditions. These experiments suggest the test models of geotextile encased soil piles made in a tray filled with clay soil which is simulating typical weak foundation of the city of Perm. The paper presents the developed experimental scheme. The equipment by means of which is supposed to perform the measurement of parameters of interest system is presented. Conclusions on the relevance and novelty. of the objectives of the planned experimental studies are made.


In this paper, the mathematical properties of the simplest Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy controller are first investigated in detail. Next, based on the well-known Popov criterion with graphical interpretation, a sufficient condition in the frequency domain is proposed to guarantee the globally asymptotical stability of the simplest T-S fuzzy system. A performance comparison is also made between the simplest T-S fuzzy and conventional linear controllers. It is concluded that the simplest T-S fuzzy controller outperforms its linear counterparts, when both the disturbance and sensor noise are considered.


Precise control over the size and crystallographic phase of nanocrystals allows the manipulation of their properties and applications as desired. Hexagonal-phase NaYF4 (β-NaYF4) upconversion nanocrystals with efficient luminescence are quite desirable for bio-applications, but synthetic control over the nanocrystallite size remains challenging. Herein we verify experimentally that control of the hexagonal-phase nucleation is crucial for controlling the final particle size and the number of hexagonal-phase seeds strongly depends on the actual F(Na):Y ratio. A negligible number of hexagonal-phase seeds were formed at low ratio whereas the high ratio yields a very large number of seeds. We also identify that the actual F(Na):Y ratio is more likely related to the different methods employed for the addition of NH4F and NaOH rather than its initial feeding ratio. By taking advantage of this dependence and varying the reaction conditions (temperature and time), β-NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals with a size smaller than 6 nm can be synthesized. Theoretical modeling shows a good agreement with the experimental results.


TURUN YLIOPISTON JULKAISUJA – ANNALES UNIVERSITA IS TURKUENSIS Sarja ser. B osa tom. 401 | Humaniora | Turku 2015 ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Turku, for public examination in Auditorium 125 on 6 of June 2015, at 12.00. Pauliina Tuomi INVITING THE AUDIENCE – Interactive, Participatory, and Social Television in Finland 2004–2014


Student Learning Resources XI Agribusiness processing agricultural products (APHP) SMK PPN Lembang is still very limited, causing learners do not have a handbook for independent study. There are 56% of learners get a value less than the minimum submission criteria (KKM) on material applying rubber plantation, coconut, palm oil caused by the less interesting learning processes that only uses PowerPoint media, and inserted some video. The purpose of this research is to develop learning media, know the feasibility of learning media, and know the learning outcomes of students after conducting an android-based e-module product trial. The development of this learning media uses ADDIEs development model (analyze, design, development, implementation, evaluation). The software used to produce the products of this Android-based e-module application is Microsoft PowerPoint, iSpring, Canva, website 2APK, and Java set up. The results of this study showed that this android-based e-module learning media was "very decent" by the media experts, and was declared "feasible" by material experts and linguists. Respondents stated that the learning media was "very worthy" to be developed. Keywords—e-modules, media, learning outcomes, iSpring


In a surprise move on 2 February, a panel of scientific advisers of the US Food and Drug Administration urged the agency to warn that new anti-depressants may increase the risk of suicidal thinking or behaviour among children and teenagers.

During a 10 hour hearing, experts weighed the official presentations of uncertain scientific data against powerful emotional testimony from dozens of families whose children have killed themselves or others after …


records in order to quantify whether these men who enlisted later were more statistically prone to desertion or lapses in military discipline than those who enlisted earlier. In addition, a fuller discussion of why these men did not enlist in 1861 might have been expected. After all, this is what truly made these soldiers unique compared to those studied in other monographs, yet it only receives two chapters out of nine. Despite these limitations, Noe's work is both an insightful and illuminating study of a previously overlooked group of soldiers. This account of the ''reluctant rebels'' who joined the Confederate army after January 1862 is a welcome addition to the rich scholarship on Civil War combatants.


This study attempted to investigate the effect of using focused vs. unfocused metalinguistic feedback on Iranian EFL learners' use of dependent clauses in writing. On the basis of an Oxford Quick Placement Test, 60 learners out of 90 intermediate female EFL learners with the age range of 17 to 27 from Melal language institute in Karaj were chosen to participate in the study. They were assigned to two experimental groups. The homogeneity of the two groups in terms of writing ability was determined by comparing their means in a writing pretest. The treatment was done through using focused feedback for the first experimental group and unfocused feedback in the second experimental group during 14 session. At the end of the treatment, a writing test was conducted as the posttest. The results of Paired Samples t-test showed that the participants in both experimental groups performed better in writing posttest. However, the results of one-way ANCOVA showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups' means on the posttest scores of achievements in accurate use of dependent clauses between two groups. The results were discussed in relation to some implications and recommendations for further research.


Background: Stress is a feeling of strain and pressure and can be defined as the disparity between comprehension of the requirements on one side and the ability to cope with this demand on the other side. Psychosocial stress results when it is recognised that perceived threats, real or even imagined, may require unavailable resources.
Aim: The study was aimed at investigating psychosocial stress, its predictors and coping mechanisms among radiographers at the study site.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was used for the study. A questionnaire consisting closed ended questions and sectioned into 8 parts was developed and used as a data collection tool for the study. Fifty radiographers were used for the study. SPSS, version 20 was used in the data processing and analysis.
Results: A response rate of 90.9% was achieved for the study. The results showed that 72% radiographers had lost interest in the work. Also, 78% radiographers revealed they had to work with inadequate equipment and accessories. Also, 70% of the respondents revealed that they were not exposed to courses relevant to their profession. Most radiographers also experienced a higher workload.
Conclusion: The general physical working environment, the experience of radiographers concerning their workstation, the non-utilisation of radiographers' skills and abilities and the absence of staff exposure to necessary courses were rated as a moderate source of psychosocial stress. Role ambiguity was rated as a very low source of psychosocial stress. Role conflict and workload were rated as a high source of psychosocial stress.


This paper describes low-distortion delta-sigma topologies with significant system and circuit-level advantages over traditional delta-sigma topologies, especially for wideband (low oversampling ratio) applications. A comparison between traditional and low-distortion MASH topologies shows how the latter can achieve higher performance while requiring smaller silicon area and power consumption.


Find here supplemental information related to s presentation I made on May 16 at the Conference for Entrepreneurial Librarians at UNC-Greensboro.


Provided is a solar battery module comprising: a plurality of light collectors each having at least one first main surface where external light falls incident and a second main surface including a reflecting surface for reflecting the light incident from the first main surface; a light guide for propagating the light incident on each of the plurality of light collectors towards a first end surface while the front surface of the light guide totally reflects said light, the light guide emitting said light from the first end surface; and a first solar battery element which receives the light emitted from the first end surface of the light guide. The first main surfaces of each of the plurality of light collectors are arranged in mutually different positions when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the first main surfaces. The total reflection condition of the light is maintained in the propagation paths within the light guide along which light is propagated within the light guide from each of the plurality of light collectors to the first solar battery element.


This article, originally delivered as a lecture at the University of Chicago, is a critical reading of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics. Following Antonio Gramsci, their book reverses the meaning of the term hegemony. The traditional use of the term (for military or political leadership) shifts and gives birth to a new signification. Hegemony currently designates a privilege but a discursive one only. It is the privilege conferred to a certain word or category serving as a unifying symbol for different and even heterogeneous forms of political resistance. Hegemony thus understood retains an idea of direction but without any dominating intention. It just orients multiple revolt movements without reducing their differences. Such a unifying symbol appears as a specific signifier devoid of any content or reference, thus ready to bear any contextual meaning. Does this new understanding of hegemony succeed in providing a nondogmatic and nonbinding process of unification, or does it secretely reinstall the logic of commandment?


This article debates about the role of the writer and its relation with history which has been shown in every document and file so it will warn on the ways on how the work of literature evolves in the midst of the complex discussion between fiction and truth. It also pretends for the Spanish and Literature future graduate students to make a possible to develop proposal for the analysis of the narrative against the discourse of history, in the teaching practice. From this problematic state, the pretension is to relate the role of the writer with the role of the historian more than underlining the distances to explore those aspects linking both as historical individuals with an urge to know the world through the discourse under a series of ethical and moral assumptions that accompany every intellectual work. To display that knowledge of the world, the writer creates personages who often become metaphors of the profound relation instituted with the historical reality. Therefore, in the works of fiction and nonfiction we contemplate characters that make research, compare documentation and hypothesized like historians do.


Welcome to the home page for Roxby Downs leading newspaper, the Monitor. This paper is both a print and online newspaper for the any news and related information regarding Roxby Downs and the Roxby Downs community.


The International Cooperation and Development Fund(TaiwanICDF)collaborated with the National Museum of Natural Science (NMNS) and the Dr. Cecilia Koo Botanic Conservation Center (KBCC) to publish the Field Guide to the Plants of Solomon Islands in August t


Visual imagery is an interesting paradigm for use in Brain-Computer Interface systems. Through visual imagery we can extend the potential of BCI systems beyond motor imagery or evoked potentials. In this work we have studied the possibility of classifying different visual imagery shapes in the time domain using EEG signals, with the Hjorth parameters and k-nearest neighbors classifier 69% accuracy has been obtained with a Cohen's kappa value of 0.64 in the classification of seven geometric shapes, obtaining results superior to other related works.


Thanks I want to thank professor H. Nijmeijer, who made it possible for me to go on a trainee-ship to Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach in Florida, USA. He arranged the contact with Dr. M. Reyhanoglu, who is a professor at the department of Physical Sciences at EMU. Second of all I want to thank Dr. M. Reyhanoglu, who was my coach during my trainee-ship at EMU. He provided me with new control-techniques that enlarged my knowledge of non-linear control. Also he arranged us a stay at professor Nancy Parker. i want to thank Nancy Parker and her husband Tom. They made my stay in the United States wonderful. I learned a lot of the American culture from them and they made it possible for me to see a lot of the environment of Florida. Last, but not least, I want to thank Theo Geluk, who was a great companion during my stay there, and my family and girlfriend, who supported me all the way. Abstract In this report, different control techniques for underactuated systems are considered. Un-deractuated systems are systems that have more degrees of freedom to be controlled than independent control inputs. Several control-techniques are considered for the point-to-point control of underactuated mechanical systems. After that, a control technique is considered for tracking control of underactuated mechanical systems. A modification of the control technique is designed to avoid singularities, such that a given trajectory can be followed. The control techniques are provided by papers of Dr. Reyhanoglu and other researchers in this area. Simulations, using several examples of underactuated systems, with Matlab are done to provide animations of the controlled system, for use in nonlinear control classes by Dr. Reyhanoglu.


Through analysis and evaluation on quality situation of authorized new conventional maize hybrids from 2006 to 2010 in Shanxi,maize germplasm situation was introduced.It showed that individual quality characters,such as starch content,crude protein content and crude fat content decreased in fluctuantion,and they were the slowest in 2010.Lysine level kept steady but bulk density was elevated in recently years.Suggestions to improve quality for conventional maize were given.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the therapeutic effect and mechanism of 6'-o-galloylpaeoniflorin (GPF) in pediatric pneumonia.

METHODS
The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and GPF on cell viability and apoptosis were examined by cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis. The oxidative stress and inflammatory response were assessed by detecting expression levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, r-glutamyl cysteingl+glycine, myeloperoxidase, and malondialdehyde as well as tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-18, and Interleukin-10 by using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay. Moreover, the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway was detected by immunoblot assay, and the influence of Nrf2-knockdown on cell viability, oxidative stress, and inflammation response was also investigated.

RESULTS
The results established that GPF increased the viability of LPS-induced pneumonia cells. In addition, GPF reduced LPS-induced oxidative stress in pneumonia cells. It was further discovered that GPF reduced LPS-induced inflammation in pneumonic cell. GPF improved the activity of Nrf2 in LPS-treated pneumonic cells, and therefore alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress in pediatric pneumonia.

CONCLUSION
GPF could serve as a promising drug for treating pediatric pneumonia.


Since the 1980s, China's market economy has been greatly developed, people's pursuit of material has become more intense. However, the educational function of history is gradually declining, and its social influence is becoming smaller and smaller. The status of history discipline in colleges and universities is getting lower. This situation has something to do with society and the discipline itself. In order to improve this situation, colleges and universities must cultivate high-quality and application-oriented talents that meet the needs of social development and economic improvement. In this reform, college teachers should also make efforts for them. This paper puts forward some views on the current situation of history discipline and the change methods.


In a double-blind study conducted in 112 patients undergoing removal of four impacted third molar teeth, etidocaine hydrochloride 1.5% solution with epinephrine 1:200,000 and lidocaine hydrochloride 2.0% solution with epinephrine 1:100,000 were used, one on each side of the face, to produce inferior alveolar nerve block, infiltration anesthesia of the maxillary tooth and hemostasis of the mucoperiosteum around each tooth.Surgically adequate anesthesia was rapidly produced by both agents but the duration of action of etidocaine was longer than that of lidocaine as reflected in more prolonged numbness of the lip and delayed onset of pain. Moreover, after etidocaine treatment fewer patients reported severe pain as the local anesthesia receded. No adverse local or systemic effects were observed in, or reported by, any of the patients.


1H and 13C NMR were employed to chart the conversion of the five‐membered lactone esters methyl d‐glucarate 1,4‐lactone (1) and ethyl d‐glucarate 6,3‐lactone (5) to N,N′‐dipropyl‐d‐glucaramide with n‐propylamine in DMSO‐d6. These experiments were carried out to model the amide forming steps in polycondensation reactions between esterified d‐glucaric acid and diamines to give poly(d‐glucaramides). It was clear from the resulting NMR spectra that the lactones 1 and 5 were each converted in three consecutive steps to the product diamides; aminolysis of the lactone ester to the corresponding acyclic N‐propyl‐d‐glucaramide monoester, followed by lactonization to a five‐membered lactone amide, and concluding with aminolyis of the lactone amide to N,N′‐dipropyl‐d‐glucaramide (4). Comparison of the reaction pathways from 1 and 5 by 1H NMR analysis suggests that ring opening of the 1,4‐lactone ester (1) and 1,4‐lactone amide (7) is faster than ring opening of the corresponding 6,3‐lactone ester (5) and 6,3‐lactone amide (3). Aminolysis of dimethyl l‐tartrate, which cannot form a five‐membered lactone, with n‐propylamine in DMSO‐d6 was much slower than aminolysis of esterified glucaric acid, indicating that the lactone forming/lactone aminolysis steps are the dominant aminolysis rate enhancing steps from glucarate.


Abstract : The report describes the homing system of an antiaircraft guided missile. The system can be an active one or a semiactive one; in an active system, the energy source, illuminating the target and the signal receiver is in the missile itself. In a semiactive one, the electromagnetic energy for illuminating the target is not contained in the missile.


ABSTRACT This article analyses the welfare role of the Church in Croatia and Finland focusing on the way majority churches co-operate with secular authorities in social welfare. The main question is how co-operation is conditioned by the history of both differentiation between Church and State and the continuing strong position of majority churches in both countries, in particular within the context of the restructuring of the welfare state and the increasing role of non-state actors. Based on a review of the literature and the results of empirical qualitative data from three regions in each country, the article provides insights into the co-operation—both formal and informal—and in general confirms a complex interaction between the religious and the secular, which challenges the view of the strict separation between the two spheres. In terms of theory, and besides theories of distinctive welfare models and the specific history of Church–State relations, the article relies on the religious–secular competition theory to explain the research results.


Objective: To investigate the expression and subcellular localization of the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV fused with tandem affinity purification (TAP) tag in Vero cells and to serve the identification of the cellular binding proteins of S protein. Methods: The S gene with Kozak sequence was cloned by PCR from the plasmid pGEM-4Z-S, then inserted into the vector pcDNA3.1(-)with the TAP tag comprised calmodulin binding peptide(CBP) and protein A motifs. The expression and subcellular localization of the fusion protein S-CBP-ProteinA[S-TAP(C)] in Vero cells were respectively analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA) and Western-blotting assay(WB) following the transfection with the construct and co-infection with the recombinant vaccinia virus vTF7-3 expressing T7 RNA polymerase. Results: The eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-S-TAP(C) was constructed correctly. After the transient transfection with the plasmid, expression of the fusion protein S-TAP(C) was detectable by both IFA and WB. The fusion protein was located in the cell compartment of plasma and membranes. The expression level was dramatically enhanced by co-infection with vTF7-3 before transfection. Conclusion: The fusion protein comprised the spike protein and the TAP tag is successfully expressed in Vero cells with a desired subcellular location and can be used in the future screening of cellular binding proteins.


An object-oriented graphical modeling environment for simulating the coupled dynamic response of flexible multibody systems and sloshing in liquid filled tanks is presented. The environment includes integrated pre-processor, solver, and post-processor. The environment can be used to model liquid tank bearing ground, air or space vehicles. The pre-processor allows constructing an object-oriented hierarchical "preliminary" model of the vehicle, tank, and terrain. The pre-processor includes a hierarchical model tree-editor along with interactive display of the model. It also includes an automatic mesh generator for generating the finite element (FE) model from the preliminary model. The FE model consists of hexahedral, beam, and truss solid elements, rigid bodies, joints, hexahedral incompressible fluid elements, and quadrilateral fluid-solid interface elements. The fluid mesh is modeled using a very light and compliant solid mesh which allows the fluid mesh to move/deform along with the tank using the ALE formulation. The fluid's free-surface is modeled using a volume-of-fluid algorithm. A parallel explicit-time integration solver is used to generate the coupled dynamic response of the vehicle, tank, and fluid. The post-processor allows near-photorealistic visualization of animations of: vehicle, liquid free-surface, iso-surfaces, terrain and surroundings; colored/contoured surfaces; and surface/volume arrows. Users can control the visualization using the tree-editor or a clickable hierarchical list of natural-language commands.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The invention relates to a novel process for preparing (3R, 1''R) -4-acyloxy-3- (1 '- hydroxyethyl) -2-azetidinones of formula (I), where R1 has the meaning DESCRIBED IN invention. COMPOUNDS formual (I) can be used as starting FOR OBTAINING .beta.-lactam antibiotics. They ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO THE INVENTION novel intermediates


A new method was developed to produce a composite image of the microvascular network with grayscale proportional to volumetric flow. Velocities in arterioles and venules were assessed with a high resolution laser Doppler imager (LDI). The vascular structures were quantified from the micrograph with a computerized vessel detection algorithm. After registering the vascular network with the LDI scan, volumetric flows were calculated for the entire vasculature. In vivo data were obtained from the hamster cheek pouch in 6 studies.


Spectral imaging is an emerging technology for measuring spectral power distributions (SPDs) of electromagnetic radiation over a two-dimensional spatial domain. Within the visible light wavelength domain, spectral imaging measures light and colour with greater accuracy than digital photography. However, high cost limits its accessibility. Accordingly, a low-cost method was developed using commercially-available hardware – primarily a DSLR camera and a set of narrow bandpass filters. The quantity of filters was minimised to a total of seven, set by the dimensionality of SPDs, the spectral sensitivities of eyes and cameras, and commercial availability. Camera spectral sensitivity was measured using this same filter set, a colour chart, a spectrophotometer, and noon daylight modelled as CIE D65. The RAW photo format was used to access unprocessed sensor data. Independent SPD measurements from each colour channel were fused as a sensitivity-weighted average for efficient and continuous interpolation between colour channels with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Images were reconstructed from SPDs with standard observer functions. The method was demonstrated with a Canon 650D DSLR camera, a set of Thorlabs one-inch narrow bandpass filters, an X-Rite ColorChecker chart, and a Spectro 1 spectrophotometer. Accuracy was validated by quantitative comparison against ground truth SPD measurements and qualitative assessment of reconstructed images. The total filter cost was $715, plus $405 to measure camera sensitivity .


As in previous years,1,2 our journal has been of a high standard and has had considerable infl uence; this is shown not only by an acceptable impact factor but also by other indicators of infl uence, as can been seen from the website of the Eigenfactor score3 (source of metric data on international scientifi c journals, based on journal citation reports and the application of Google relevance algorithms). This website provides annual data from 1995 to 2006 on the 7000 journals included in the journal citation reports and on many other sources cited by them. It presents themed classifi cations using 2 indicators: the Eigenfactor, an indicator of global infl uence or repercussion based on iterative calculation of citations received by a journal from more or less cited journals, and the Article Infl uence factor, which measures the mean infl uence of the journal articles and is based on the same iterative calculation as the Eigenfactor but takes into account the number of articles from the journal; Archivos de Bronconeumologia is ranked 34 among journals on the respiratory apparatus. In 2008, Archivos de Bronconeumologia published 57 original articles, which, in an effort to preserve the format of previous years, we will comment on below. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease


The coordination behavior of the antiulcer drug cimetidine (cime) towards transition metal ions was investigated. The synthesis and characterization of (Cr(cime)2Cl2)Cl·3H2O, (Co(cime)Cl2)·5H2O, (Co(cime)3Cl)Cl·3H2O, (Ni(cime)Cl2(H2O)2)·H2O, (Cu(cime)Cl2)·2H2 O, (Cu(cime)2Cl(H2O))Cl·H2O, (Cu(cime)3Cl2)·3H2O, (Cu2(cime)Cl4), and (Zn(cime)Cl2)·1.5H2O are discussed, where cime acts as monoden- tate (imidazole N3) or bidentate ligand (N3 and S8). IR, UV-vis, EPR and NMR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry (FAB+), were employed for the characterization. In order to identify the most reactive areas of cimetidine, the electrostatic potential map of the ligand was calculated; also the structures of minimum energy of the coordination compounds were modeled using DFT (B3LYP/def2-TZVP) calculations.


The New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) has found slow acceptance in the U.S. Washington Metropolitan Area Transportation Authority, among the first to utilize this system, found its NATM contractor for the Wheaton Station portion of its Red Line came in at $30 million below engineering estimates for this segment and a value engineering change slashed an additional $20 million. NATM takes in account equally geotechnical and structural considerations with geological formations surrounding the excavations considered as both a load exerting and load carrying ring. Steel reinforced concrete lining is eliminated with ground and the initial shotcrete support carrying loads. The initial support has to be applied on time and in tight contact with the ground. NATM achieves its maximum cost effectiveness in Europe where representatives of owner and contractor confer during excavation and agree on the encountered conditions. Anticipated conditions are described in design documents as ground types and are linked to support and excavation patterns. Because contract costs are based on unit prices, there is more risk sharing than is typical of U.S. contracting practices.


DOI: 10.21276/sjmps.2018.4.4.15 Abstract: The rupture of the calcaneal tendon is a frequent lesion requiring surgical management. For chronic disruption in particular, restorative surgery is desirable and several methods have been described. We report a retrospective study of eight cases of chronic rupture of the calcaneal tendon treated surgically by myotendinousplasty in VY according to Abraham, collected in the Traumatology and Orthopedics II department of the Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital in Rabat Morocco between 2010 and 2015. The majority of patients were male. The cause of chronic rupture of the calcaneal tendon was a diagnostic error in 25% of the cases, a lack of knowledge of the pathology in 62.5% of the cases and negligence in 12.5% of the cases. The results were evaluated according to the Kitaoka score after an average follow-up of three years. They were very satisfied with a score of 89%. The aim of this study is to highlight the difficulty of making the diagnosis in certain circumstances, which is the cause of chronic rupture and to underline the interest of the surgical treatment, by the myotendinousplasty "V-Y" in this case.


Flow management is complex in the Willamette River Basin where the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers owns and operates a system of 13 dams and reservoirs (hereinafter Willamette Project), which are spread throughout three large tributaries including the Middle Fork Willamette, McKenzie, and Santiam Rivers. The primary purpose of the Willamette Project is flood-risk management, which provides critical protection to the Willamette Valley, but flow managers must also consider factors such as power generation, water-quality improvement, irrigation, recreation, and protection for aquatic species such as U.S. Endangered Species Act-listed Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) and steelhead ( O. mykiss ). Flow-management decision-making in the basin can benefit from models that allow for flow-scenario compari-sons and a wide range of modeling methods are available. For this study, we examined existing datasets and modeling efforts in the basin and provided an overview of available options. Most previous studies used Physical Habitat Simulation System, habitat data were collected from a series of tran sects within modeled reaches, and habitat suitability indices were obtained from the literature, or using expert opinion. These studies provide information for specific reaches of the Willamette River Basin, which limits their ability to provide broad-scale predictive capability. Recent efforts to develop a two-dimensional hydraulic model in the mainstem Willamette River, and in specific reaches of primary tributaries downstream from Project dams, have bolstered modeling capabili ties in the basin. This work has developed spatially continuous water depth and velocity data in more than 250 kilometers (km) of river downstream from Project dams and has predic tive capability throughout the year at flows up to normal peak levels. Additionally, other methods are described for esti mating habitat availability, which include habitat suitability criteria, logistic regression, occupancy


Ethanolic extracts of Thyme (Thymbra spicata) were tested for their inhibitory action on Paenibacillus larvae the causative agent of American foul brood with different concentration by using disc assay and mixed with culture media . Results showd that 3000mg / disc and 3000 mg / ml was the effective concentroation for the both methods .Thymol was isolated by using TLC technique . The effective concentration of thymol on growth of bacteria was 1000 mg / disc .          Thymol and crude extracts of thyme 3000 mg / ml were tested on infected hives by mixed with sugar  solution . The symptoms of AFB disease was full disappearance within 21 , 27 days after treatment with thymol and thyme extracts respectively


Using a novel data presentation technique, bistable 180° phase switches in 18.6-year induced precipitation over the northeastern United States of America are re-examined. It is found that bistable switching in 19-year wavetrains occurred principally at epochs 1898–9, 1917.5, and 1954.7, although some occurred at mid-epoch 1908–2, and at epochs 1936.1 and 1973.3 (epochs are dates of maximum in the luni-solar 18.6-year tide). The 180° phase switch at 1898.9 occurred along the northern Atlantic seaboard, and by epoch 1954.7 this invading 'cell' from the east blanketed virtually the entire region. O'Brien and Currie (1988) have provided a construct in mathematical physics which can explain how such sudden readjustments in the standing wave pattern for air pressure occur on subcontinental scales, and such adjustments are found in other climatic parameters such as air temperature and pressure. Results for seven tree-ring chronologies in the region are also given, and are found to have serious inconsistencies both among themselves and also with respect to instrumental rain-gauge data.


Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which mainly involves inflammatory responses and apoptosis, is a common cause of organ dysfunction in liver transplantation. As a critical mediator of inflammation and apoptosis in various cell types, the role of tripartite motif-containing 27 (TRIM27) in hepatic I/R injury remains undetermined. This study systemically evaluated the putative role of TRIM27- TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-JNK/p38 signaling in hepatic I/R injury. TRIM27 expression was significantly downregulated in liver tissue from liver transplantation patients, mice subjected to hepatic I/R surgery and hepatocytes challenged by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment. Subsequently, using global Trim27 knockout mice (Trim27-KO mice) and hepatocyte-specific Trim27 transgenic mice (Trim27-HTG mice), TRIM27 functions to ameliorate liver damage, reduce the inflammatory response and prevent cell apoptosis. In parallel in vitro studies, activating TRIM27 also prevented H/R-induced hepatocyte inflammation and apoptosis. Mechanistically, TRIM27 constitutively interacted with the critical components TAK1 and TAK1 binding protein 2/3 (TAB2/3) and promoted the degradation of TAB2/3, leading to inactivation of TAK1 and the subsequent suppression of downstream JNK/p38 signaling. Conclusion: TRIM27 is a key regulator of hepatic I/R injury by mediating the degradation of TAB2/3 and the suppression of downstream TAK1-JNK/p38 signaling. TRIM27 may be a promising approach to protect the liver against I/R-mediated hepatocellular damage in transplant recipients.


Provided is a method of activating osteogenic or chondrogenic activity at a site in a subject in need thereof. Also provided is a method of treating a bone or cartilage defect in a subject. Additionally, the use of a reduced pressure apparatus for treating a bone or cartilage defect adjacent to dura mater, periosteum, or endosteum is provided. Further provided is a composition for treating a boneor cartilage defect. Also, the use of a reduced pressure apparatus and a biocompatible scaffold for the manufacture of a composition for treating a bone or cartilage defect adjacent to dura mater, periosteum or endosteum is provided.


In this paper, an impact model with possible stick between the two gears is proposed for gear transmission systems, which includes the piecewise backlash model and the traditional impact model for the first time. The new model presented in this paper possesses a time-varying boundary for two dynamical systems either to switch or to impact. Such a model can catch impacting chatter and stick phenomena in gear transmission systems. Based on the new model, periodic impacting chatter and stick in a gear transmission system can be investigated. For doing so, switching sets on the time-varying boundaries are introduced to define basic mappings. Mapping structures based on basic mappings are developed for characterizing motions in gear transmission systems, and from such mapping structures, periodic motions with impacting chatter and stick in such a gear transmission system are predicted analytically. Numerical simulations are performed for illustration of periodic motions with impacting chatter and stick phenomena.


It is now common to view anorexia nervosa as a multi-determined syndrome in which physical, psychological, family and sociocultural factors interact to produce the illness. Such a compromise position is difficult to refute. However, the components of this complex model neither explain nor account for the epidemiological and clinical features of the condition. A popular cultural thesis is that the victim of anorexia nervosa is struggling to change her body in an attempt to deal with the contradictory requirements of the female role in late twentiethcentury Western societies (Chernin, 1986; Orbach, 1986; Edwards, 1987). However, this thesis cannot account for the numerous clear descriptions of the condition which date from the middle of the nineteenth century (Marce, 1860; Gull, 1873; Lasegue, 1873), or even earlier (Morton, 1694). A common assumption held by many who argue for the importance of socio-cultural factors, is that there have been marked increases in the incidence of anorexia nervosa, over the last two or three decades. The evidence that anorexia nervosa, as opposed to bulimic disorders, has increased in incidence in parallel with the vast social changes of the last two centuries is, however, controversial. Although there is no doubt that case registers show an increase in anorexia nervosa over the last few decades (Kendell et al. 1973; Jones et al. 1980; Szmukler et al. 1986; Willi et al. 1990) this is probably an artefact, due to increased awareness of the condition and recognition of its psychological basis. When rigorous case-finding procedures were used (Lucas et al. 1988) no significant trends in incidence were found in the 45 years spanning from 1930 to 1979, although in a later paper which included the years 1980-5 a twofold increase in 15-24-year-old females was found (Lucas et al. 1991). The vivid case descriptions of anorexia nervosa in Hong Kong (Lee, 1991) serve to remind us that the form of the illness does vary between cultures; 'fear of fatness', in particular, is not universal. It was argued, at the NIMH-sponsored conference on cultural issues for DSM-IV, that anorexia nervosa can be found in developing countries if this criterion is omitted (Littlewood, 1992). At the same conference the proposal to classify anorexia nervosa as a 'culture bound' category was rejected. It is possible that the prevalence of anorexia nervosa is reduced in non-Western cultures but definitive studies have not been performed; rather, there has been a large series of case reports (from Asia: Buhrich, 1981; Ong et al. 1982; Kope & Sack, 1987; Khandelwal & Saxena, 1990; Gandhi et al. 1991, and Africa: Nwaefuna, 1981; Buchan & Gregory, 1984) and within ethnic minorities (Africans/USA/Caribbean/UK: Jones et al. 1980; Pumariega et al. 1984; Silber, 1984; Robinson & Anderson, 1985; Thomas & Szmukler, 1985; Holden & Robinson, 1988) and Asians: Bryant-Waugh & Lask, 1991; Mumford et al. 1991). Family models of aetiology have inspired new approaches to treatment of anorexia nervosa in the last decade. Abnormal family interactions have been observed but whether these are either causal or specific is far from certain (Humphrey et al. 1986; Kog & Vandereycken, 1989). An important deficit in both the familial and cultural models is the failure to account for individual susceptibility, which leads in some to the development of anorexia nervosa in the context of general environmental hazards. A biological model of the aetiology of anorexia nervosa, although currently out of fashion, is not new (Russell, 1970). In the early part of the twentieth century there was diagnostic confusion between pituitary insufficiency and anorexia nervosa (McCullagh & Tupper, 1940; Escamilla & Lisser, 1942). Later, the hypothalamus was implicated in the origin of anorexia nervosa following


This manual presents a method for managing unsurfaced roads (unpaved highways, gravel roads, low volume roads). It is designed to work with the computerized PAVER and MicroPAVER pavement management systems developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, but can also be used without a computer. The method results in a rating for each section of road indicating how badly that section needs repairs. The method has three steps: (1) Dividing the road network into sections; (2) Inspecting the sections and identifying problems; and (3) Calculating ratings that indicate the condition for each section.


Contents Acknowledgements. Notes on Names, Spelling, Translation, and Dates. Maps: City of Rio de Janeiro, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Empire of Brazil. Introduction: "An Obscured Genesis." Chapter One: "The Port and Province of Rio de Janeiro." Chapter Two: "The Threat of Revolution and the Reactionary Mobilization: 1831-1837." Chapter Three: "Political Theory, Partisan Practice, and the Emperor's Emergence: 1837-1848." Chapter Four: "Provincial Politics, Foreign Affairs, and Patronage: 1848- 1853." Chapter Five: "The Transformation of Politics and the State: 1853-1867." Chapter Six: "Abolition, War, and the Vindication of Constitutional Government: 1867-1871." Chapter Seven: "The Defeat of the Party: The Political Crisis of 1871." Conclusion: "Legacy and Metamorphosis." Genealogical Tables. Reference Matter. Index


The invention discloses a naked 3D track display method, which comprises the steps of: an image collector collecting images of a viewer; an image processor determining the position of the viewer, and determining a horizontal motion distance of the viewer in parallel to a display screen according to the distance of the left and right eyes in the human face images and an average distance of the left and right eyes of the human faces; according to the position of the viewer, a traversing module finding a liquid crystal grating state value corresponding to the position of the viewer determined by the image processor in the viewer position and a corresponding index list, and the liquid crystal grating state value comprising a plurality of adjacent grating units and the driving manner of each of the plurality of adjacent grating units; a grating driving module finding the liquid crystal grating state value according to the traversing module to drive the liquid crystal gratings; and a displaying screen displaying image information. The invention further disclosed naked 3D track display equipment. According to the invention, a 3D display region can be regulated according to the spatial location of the viewer, so that the viewer can always senses a 3D displaying effect during motion.


In a study of 51 male patients with duodenal ulcer, treatment with cimetidine was accompanied by an increase in basal levels of serum testosterone. Treatment with ranitidine, a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist, produced no such effect. It is concluded that cimetidine had antiandrogenic activity in man which is separate from the histamine H2-receptor blocking activity.


In 1881, as a lad of fourteen, I reached New York from Trinidad. Among other interesting events of which I have a memory was the excitement due to the arrival from London, a few days before, of the first consignment of copies of the Revised New Testament. It was said to have made a sensation in New York comparable to that made by the issue of the book in London. In the history of the English Bible, its publication was indeed a significant milestone. It was at once attacked on the ground that it was far more than a revision of the Authorized Version, more even than a fresh translation; for it was based upon a new Greek text. It would impair in the minds of religious people—so it was said—the sacred words endeared by long use. Amid the controversy, however, there was this satisfaction, as I well remember hearing my father assure some friends, that no changes in the translation, which was the result of the labours during many years of the greatest British and American New Testament scholars, had vitally affe...


The method described, useful in the case of powders, consists of measuring the variation in composition of a mixture of light and heavy water circulating in the vapor state over the sample. The apparatus, capable of an absolute precision of 0.05%, is described. The final result, surface hydroxyl groups per unit weight, is reproducible within a few percent. The values calculated for kaolinite agree with the experimental values reasonably well. (T.R.H.)


........................................................................... i. Acknowledgements............................................................ii. Glossary............................................................................iii. Chapter one: Introduction....................................................1 Chapter two: Methodology...................................................6 1. Methodological issues................................................... 7 a. Access issues....................................................... b. Problems with access............................................. c. Risk to participants: confidentiality and anonymity......... d. Risk to researcher.................................................. e. Informed consent................................................... 2. The current research......................................................17 a. The research setting.............................................. b. Policy analysis...................................................... c. Interviews............................................................ d. Participant observation........................................... i. Advantages and disadvantages of participant observation f. The fieldwork......................................................... g. Document analysis.................................................. h. The exclusion of other methods................................. Summary...........................................................................29 Chapter three: Historical background....................................31 1. United States..............................................................32 a. Minneapolis Experiment........................................... b. Impact of the Minneapolis Experiment......................... c. Effects of changes on police practice........................... 2. United Kingdom...........................................................38 a. 1980s................................................................... b. 60/1990 Home Office circular.................................... c. Implementation of the 60/1990 Home Office circular...... d. Impact on officer attitudes/practices........................... e. 19/2000 Home Office circular.................................... 3. Discussion..................................................................49 3. New Zealand................................................................51 a. 1980s.................................................................. b. The Domestic Protection Act 1982............................. c. 1987 policy change................................................