Most of the developed oil deposits in Russia reach the final stage of development. It is characterized by a large percentage of water cut in well products and a gradual increase in the frequency of repair work in production and injection wells. Therefore, almost all oil companies allocate huge funds for the development of technologies designed to increase the success of oil production from producing wells. The performance of an electric centrifugal pump unit depends on a large number of factors. These factors include gas content, the presence of salt and paraffin deposits, etc. Largely because of these complications, the overhaul period of pumping equipment, the production rate of oil wells, the throughput of oil pipelines are reduced, premature failure of various equipment occurs, and there is a need for large number of unplanned repairs, which in the future leads to a decrease in the level of production and additional costs. This article discusses the technology of using a multifunctional power cable for the dosed supply of a chemical reagent into the wells at the Klyuchevoye deposit, due to which it is possible to reduce the intercleaning and overhaul periods. The aim of the work is to study the technology of using a multifunctional power cable for dosed supply of a chemical reagent. This optimization method allows to increase the uptime of production wells, which reduces the cost of repair work and increases the production level, since the wells are in working condition for a longer period.


We present a kinetic study to quantify the response of Mars' atmosphere to changes in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) configuration, specifically with respect to the escape rate of the atmosphere. Because Mars lacks a dipole magnetic field, the solar wind directly interacts with the upper neutral atmosphere to create 'pick-up' ions. We will present global maps of escaping O+ pick up ions during different solar cycle phases for multiple IMF conditions using a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and test particle simulation. This study also examines the role of the crustal fields for the different IMF configurations; the remanent crustal magnetic fields, especially in extreme conditions, influence the magnetic topology at Mars and subsequently drive changes in heavy ion atmospheric escape. The results indicate that the escape rate from Mars' atmosphere can change over an order of magnitude due to the IMF, solar cycle, and crustal field orientation, directly impacting Mars' climate and our understanding of the processes that influence atmospheric evolution. These results directly support MAVEN, the next Mars Scout, whose primary objective is to understand the evolution of Mars' atmosphere.


Objectives: To compare rebound pain and the need for narcotic analgesia after ankle fracture surgery for patients receiving perioperative analgesia through either a continuous infusion or a single injection nerve block. Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial. Settings: Surgeries were performed at 2 hospitals affiliated with a large urban academic medical center. Patients/Participants: Fifty patients undergoing operative fixation of an ankle fracture (AO/OTA type 44). Intervention: Participants were randomized to receive either a popliteal sciatic nerve block as a single shot (SSB group) or a continuous infusion through an On Q continuous infusion pump (On Q group). Main Outcome Measurements: Visual analog scale and numeric rating scale (0–10) pain levels and amount of pain medication taken. Results: For all time points after discharge, mean postoperative pain scores and number of pain pills taken were lower in the On Q group versus the SSB group. Pain scores were significantly lower in the On Q group at the 12 hours postoperative time point (P = 0.002) and at 2 weeks postoperatively. The number of pain pills taken in the first 72 hours was lower in the On Q group (14.9 vs. 20.0; P = 0.036). Overall, 7/23 patients in the On Q group had their pump malfunction and 1 patient accidently removed the catheter. Conclusions: Use of continuously infused regional anesthetic for pain control in ankle fracture surgery significantly reduces "rebound pain" and the need for oral opioid analgesia compared with single-shot regional anesthetic. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


The innovative work behaviour constitutes a set of actions of opportunity exploration, idea generation, idea promotion and idea realization. Although generic scales are available, there are none to explore innovative behaviour in teaching practice. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a scale to measure teacher's innovative work behaviour. It was designed as an instrumental- transversal study. A sample of 458 primary school teachers (86.4% women, Mage = 34.67 years, Mseniority = 7.77 years) answered the developed scale with other standardized measures of psychological capital and job satisfaction. Factor analyses indicated a tetra-factorial structure that explained 69% of the total variance. Twelve items with high reliability integrated the final version of the scale. Evidence of convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity was obtained.


This paper is concerned with the problem of the existence of Lipschitz selections of the Steiner map , which associates with points of a Banach space the set of their Steiner points. The answer to this problem depends on the geometric properties of the unit sphere of , its dimension, and the number . For general conditions are obtained on the space under which admits no Lipschitz selection. When is finite dimensional it is shown that, if is even, the map has a Lipschitz selection if and only if is a finite polytope; this is not true if is odd. For the (single-valued) map is shown to be Lipschitz continuous in any smooth strictly-convex two-dimensional space; this ceases to be true in three-dimensional spaces. Bibliography: 21 titles.


Objective\ To explore the scan factor on CT of skull in children. Methods\ 1.The patients were divided into four sections age.There were 90 cases in every section.The scan was performed according to different mAs.At last,the three radial doctors was used Double-blind method to evaluate the image quality.2.The CT dosimetry index were measured for different mAs. Results\ 1.The quality of image increase following increase of mAs,but when a certain value was realized,increase of mAs couldn't further raise the quality of image.2.When the dose index with 240 mAs tube current exceeded 160 mAs by about 51.4%. Conclusion\ For different aged was adoped the children appropriate mAs should be selected for scan in order to protect the patients and guarantee the quality of image.\;


If A and B are nonsingular M matrices. A new bound on the minimum eigenvalue of the Hadamard product for B and A-1is given.Let A =( aij) and B =( bij) are nonsingular M matrices,A-1=( βij). We have τ( B  A-1) ≥ min i≠j12{ βiibii+ βjjbjj-[( βiibii-βjjbjj)2+4sisjβiiβjj( bii-τ( B))( bjj-τ( B)) ]12 }. The bound is easier to calculate since they only depend on the entries of matrices.Finally,the numerical example shows that the bound improves some estimating results.


Objective Observing the situation of fetal heart valve regurgitation,to analysis the differences and causes in different gestational weeks.Methods Summarizing 296 fetal hearts which were screened in our department,except those with intracardiac defect and arterial duct contraction or advanced closure,to analysis the differences of detection ratio of different fetal valves regurgitation in different gestational weeks.Results Among fetuses of 20~24 gestational weeks,the detection ratio of tricuspid valve regurgitation was 10%,one was moderate,the rest were mild.The detection ratio of pulmonary valve regurgitation was 3.4%,all were mild.None of mitral valve and aortic valve regurgitation was detected.Among fetuses of 25~29 gestational weeks,the detection ratio of tricuspid valve regurgitation was 53.36%,18 cases were moderate regurgitation.The detection ratio of mitral valve regurgitation was 7.92%,pulmonary valve regurgitation 7.03%,aortic valve regurgitation 0.014%,which all the degree of regurgitation was mild.Among fetuses of 30~34 gestational weeks,the detection ratio of tricuspid valve regurgitation was 59%,4 cases were moderate.The detection ratio of mitral valve regurgitation was 13%,pulmonary valve regurgitation 14%,which all the degree of regurgitation was mild.None of aortic valve regurgitation was detected in this group.Among fetuses of 35~38 gestational weeks,the detection ratio of tricuspid valve regurgitation was 58.79%,with all were mild.The detection ratio of mitral valve regurgitation was 0.17%,pulmonary valve regurgitation 0.07%,which all the degree of regurgitation was mild.None of aortic valve regurgitation was detected in this group.Conclusions The detection of valve regurgitaion among fetuses without intracardiac defect is common.The tricuspid valve regurgitation has the highest detection ratio.The detection ratio of valve regurgitation is closely related to gestational weeks.


This study aims to determine whether job satisfaction mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and the organizational commitment of civil servants. A structural equation modelling approach was used to test the collected data with a sample of 51 respondents. The results show that job satisfaction can mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment.


The Medical Journal of Australia ISSN: 0025729X 18 April 2005 182 8 413-415 ©The Medical Journal of Australia 2005 www.mja.com.au Notable cases tions involve gastrointestinal symptoms. Bone-marrow and thrombocytopenia are also reported rarely. The secondand third-generation bisphosphonates cantly more potent than their first-generation predeces nate, clodronate and tiludronate). They inhibit bone r osteoclastic inhibition, through selective concentration face of the active osteoclast and the bone-resorption ere ass sev H we present five cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw ociated with bisphosphonate use. In North America, eral preliminary reports have been published of unusual cases of avascular necrosis of the jaw in patients using secondand third-generation nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates. These included pamidronate, alendronate, risedronate and zoledronic acid. In Australia, bisphosphonates have been available for several years and are commonly prescribed for a range of conditions, including osteoporosis, Paget's disease, multiple myeloma, hypercalcaemia of malignancy, and bone metastases of malignancies such as breast and prostate cancer. An estimated 200 000 patients in Australia receive these drugs. Commonly reported adverse reacdepression


A physical‐cluster theory of condensation and critical phenomena is developed in which primary emphasis is placed on collective modes of oscillation of clusters under the restoring force of their surface tension. A procedure is advocated for self‐consistent inclusion of surface mode interaction leading to a nonlinear integral equation whose solution yields a wavelength‐dependent surface tension. An explicit expression is derived for the physical‐cluster‐size distribution near condensation, and from it follows prediction of critical exponents δ (critical isotherm degree), γ′ (initial compressibility below Tc), ν′ (correlation length), and η (deviation from Ornstein—Zernike pair distribution at the critical point), in terms of the phenomenological coexistence curve (β) and surface tension (σ) exponents, as well as a parameter v, which is not directly measureable. The predictions are not consistent with the so‐called ``scaling laws,'' except for special v values that seem experimentally unacceptable. Reasons...


June Goodfield has written an interesting book about the effort to immunize the world's children. Written as a companion to a television documentary, the book is geared to an educated lay audience. In the first part, the author describes the impact of the vaccine-preventable diseases targeted by the World Health Organization's Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)—diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, tuberculosis—and the initiation in 1974 and early difficulties of the EPI. She also describes the complexities of vaccine manufacture, the problems in getting vaccine from the manufacturer to the child (including transportation issues and the necessity for a "cold chain" to prevent inactivation of vaccines by heat), and the inadequacies of the health care delivery system in developing countries. She then discusses the different agendas of agencies that work in immunization (particularly the World Health Organization [WHO] and the United Nations Children's Fund [UNICEF]) and the differences in personality and


The abstract nonlocal boundary value problem 8 − d 2 u(t) dt2 + sign(t)Au(t) = g(t),(0 � t � 1), du(t) dt + sign(t)Au(t) = f(t),(−1 � t � 0), u(1) = u(−1) + µ for the differential equation in a Hilbert space H with the self-adjoint positive definite operator A is considered. The well-posedness of this problem in Holder spaces without a weight is established. The coercivity inequalities for solutions of the boundary value problem for elliptic-parabolic equations are obtained.


Based on the coordinated development model,this essay establishes the index system of the coordinated development of urbanization,and determines the degree of coordinated development of 30 provinces and cities by calculating the effect value,coupling and coupling coordination degree of urbanization development of 30 provinces and cities since 1996.The study finds that economic urbanization goes ahead of space urbanization and population urbanization and population urbanization.That the population urbanization lags behind becomes the main cause of urbanization coordination development.The coupling coordination level is low among space,economic and population urbanization,especially in the central and western provinces and cities,it stands at the moderate coupling coordination level.


This paper is analyzed structural composition,physical and characteristics of tailing sand in Jinchuan nickel tailings bank.Researching shows the important obstacle is drought and toxicity of heavy metals on plant in the course of old tailings bank′s reclamation.Some plants could adapt to drought,i.e.sprout fast,root growing fast and widely,having drought form structures and physiological potential of drought resistance index.Some plants have changed its chemical compose in order to deal with droughty environment.Plants resistance to heavy metals in two forms,one is the avoidance way keeping inside thin consistency by making itself didn′t absorb the thick consistency such as the relation among inhibiting uptake heavy metal ions through membranes or bindings with secretion substance in vitro,another way is tolerance making plant have thick consistency heavy metals but couldn′t injured by metals exclusion and metals accumulation.Through above research,it is apply for propose ways and suggestion of the tailings bank reclamation.


This chapter compares several Disney exhibits—particularly those narrativizing technological innovation—to immersive installation artwork in order to explore the importance of narrative and textual reference in creating powerful immersive installations as presentation of technological and scientific knowledge through multiple media. The narrative craft of exhibits such as the Ford Magic Skyway and GE Carousel of Progress, which Disney created for the 1964-65 World's Fair in New York, are compared to works within the genre of installation art, which has developed greatly since the 1960s. Similar to Disney, many artists have deployed immersive installation art exhibits to envelop audiences in a detailed aesthetic and conceptual narrative. Some educational institutions have also used experiential education installations, especially for teaching scientific concepts.


In the dynamic analysis of dam–reservoir interactions, the computational efficiency of coupling system is relatively low. When numerical methods such as the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) or the finite element method (FEM) are used to deal with hydrodynamic pressure, the additional mass matrix for the hydrodynamic pressure of incompressible reservoir water obtained is the full matrix. In this study, an efficient three dimensional (3D) dynamic fluid–solid coupling analysis method for dam–reservoir systems based on the FEM-SBFEM is proposed and applied to the dynamic calculation and analysis of an arch dam under seismic conditions, which adopts the SBFEM to solve the hydrodynamic pressure of the reservoir and employs the FEM to discretize the dam. In the proposed method, the hydrodynamic pressure additional mass matrix is simplified according to the physical meaning and distribution characteristics of the additional matrix with only a reduction coefficient α (0 < α ≤ 1.0), which is simple and easy to implement. The suggested value of the reduction coefficient α for the added mass matrix of the hydrodynamic pressure is selected to be 0.6 so as to ensure that the error of the maximum value of the dynamic response of the dam is limited within 5%, which is acceptable, and the elapsed time of calculation can be reduced to one twentieth of the accurate solution, which is a great jump in calculation efficiency. The proposed method provides a practical and effective process for the analysis of dam–reservoir dynamic interaction systems with a large computational scale and a fine grid scale.


Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices are restricted by their limited number of qubits and their short decoherence times. An approach addressing these problems is quantum circuit cutting. It decomposes the execution of a large quantum circuit into the execution of multiple smaller quantum circuits with additional classical postprocessing. Since these smaller quantum circuits require fewer qubits and gates, they are more suitable for NISQ devices. To investigate the effect of quantum circuit cutting in a quantum algorithm targeting NISQ devices, we design two experiments using the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) for the Maximum Cut (MaxCut) problem and conduct them on state-of-the-art superconducting devices. Our first experiment studies the influence of circuit cutting on the objective function of QAOA, and the second evaluates the quality of results obtained by the whole algorithm with circuit cutting. The results show that circuit cutting can reduce the effects of noise in QAOA, and therefore, the algorithm yields better solutions on NISQ devices.


This research aims to investigate volume, heat, and freshwater transports in the Gulf of Thailand for each season. The Model grid used in this research is the orthogonal curvilinear grid which is constructed via cubic splines and solving Laplace's equation. For the vertical grid, the sigma coordinate is introduced to deal with significant topographical variability. The data used consist of bottom topography, current velocities, potential temperature, salinity, and seawater density, which are calculated from the primitive equations. The results show that the highest and lowest values of volume, heat, and freshwater transports in each season occur at the same region, and the direction of volume and heat transports are all same in the Gulf of Thailand, but the freshwater transport is in the opposite direction of volume and heat transports. The highest values of volume, heat, and freshwater transports occur between latitudes 7°N to 8°N in the winter and at the connection section between the Gulf of Thailand and the South China Sea in the summer, rainy season, and the end of the rainy season. Their lowest values occur at latitude 11°N in the winter, between latitudes 8°N to 9°N in the summer, and between latitudes 10°N to 11°N in the rainy season and the end of the rainy season. In order to validate the results, a comparison was made with the results of Wyrtki's research which investigated the volume transports of Southeast Asian Waters. It can be summarized that the results of our research are on track. Their lowest values occur at latitude 11°N in the winter, between latitudes 8°N to 9°N in the summer, and between latitudes 10°N to 11°N in the rainy season and the end of the rainy season. For the direction of volume and heat transports, the volume, heat, and freshwater at the upper GoT (higher than 9°N) in the winter and summer move northward, and they move southward at the end of the rainy season. At the lower GoT (below 9°N), they move southward in the winter, and they move in and out of the GoT alternately in the summer and at the end of the rainy season. For the rainy season, they move northward at the upper GoT, and they move in and out of the GoT alternately at the lower GoT. These results are very useful in and resources in the sea. Each species of life needs a different livelihood. also


In this work, structural and catalytic properties of LaCo1−yMgyO3 and La1−xCaxCo0.50Mg0.50O3 nanocatalysts with x = 0.00, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75 and y = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50 prepared by citrate method are investigated. The structural characterization using X'Pert package and Fullprof program is an evidence for structural phase transition. The structural results suggest the presence of Co4+ and Co3+ ions that help to overall oxidation activity of these samples and this feature is higher for x = 0.60. When substituting Mg and Ca in LaCoO3 the catalytic activity of CO oxidation shifts to lower temperature. La0.5Ca0.50Co0.5Mg0.5O3 nanocatalyst exhibits excellent CO conversion rate of 95% at 267°C. These results suggest that the lower temperature conversion of the sample x = 0.60 in series of La1−xCaxCo1−yMgyO3 can be mainly attributed to the presence of (i) higher Co3+–O–Co4+ couples, (ii) a structure having the higher tolerance factor, and (iii) a lower crystallite size.


Goat is one of the livestock commodities which significantly contributes to the increase in community income. In addition to the economic benefits obtained, goat farming also has its own advantages. Raising goats does not require a large capital. In fact, it only needs a fairly simple maintenance system and goat livestock resistant to disease compared to other livestock commodities such as cattle and broiler farming. This becomes the reason behind many people in Jeneponto Regency are motivated to carry out goat raising efforts to increase the income of their families. This study aims to determine the motivation of farmers raising goats. The sampling was carried out by a simple random sampling technique of 60 farmers in Tamalatea District. Data collection was done through interviews and FGD using the Likert scale on each measured variable; 1 = disagree, 2 = doubt, 3 = agree. It was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the motivation of farmers raising goats consisted of: (1) economic value; (2) request; and (3) the role of the government is in the agreed category.


This paper explores the implications of asymmetric information and learning in banking. We hypothesize that banks acquire private information about borrower quality when establishing firm-bank relationships. We develop a general methodology to test this hypothesis, and apply this using a dataset for 7,707 syndicated loans made between 1987 and 2003. Our tests require the construction of a variable from the future that is correlated with firm quality and is unobservable by the bank, so it cannot be used directly to price loans. We find that the loading on this proxy in the bank's pricing equation increases with relationship time, as we would expect if banks were privately learning about firm fundamentals through their relationships with firms. The results are robust to controlling for public, i.e. market-wide, learning. Our findings are the strongest evidence to date that banks acquire valuable private information about borrowers via lending relationships. We find that private bank learning about firm quality particularly benefits higher-quality borrowers, who receive lower interest rates on subsequent loans.


Wide and flat planes found on top of mountains are often related to deep weathering crusts of the Miocene and Pliocene Ages. Because surfaces of the crusts are porous and mechanically weak, they are easy to suffer from aeolian and frost actions, and flattened during glacial ages.Process of weathering is significant to the morphogeny and therefore to the recent morphology in Japan. In this respect the mechanism of deep weathering is discussed. In aquifer or waterholding parts of the crust, rocks as well as water change chemical properties in course of weathering reactions from surface to bottom. Near the surface rocks are leached under acidic conditions with CO2 and water. Beside silica, alkali and alkali-earth are romoved in ground water to react and replace mother rocks beneath. Further removed materials are deposited as interstitial clay or opal under nutral or slightly alkaline conditions. Therefore by removal of weathering products the reaction continues in the same direction to change chemical conditions, and form an almost closed system between rocks and ground water in the aquifer. The weathering crust includes a whole pack of reacted, replaced and deposited materials in the aquifer.Taking granitic rocks as typical components of the earth's crust, layered structure of weathering crusts are described. They are made up of 3 layers of horizontal zones as follows : In the top of the granitic crust completely leached rocks are found as saprolites, in which original textures of rocks are presurved, although most minerals except quartz are converted into kaolinite, halloysite or gibbsite. Density of original rock (2.68g/cm3 in a fresh granodiorite) is reduced to 1.0g/cm3 in dry condition. Here almost 60% of materials are leached. The upper part of the layer is red coloured by ferric oxides, while lower part is white by halloysites. Because rocks are porous, lightened and weakened, the upper most part of the crust is often removed by wind and the crust is truncated by wide aeolian surfaces.In the second layer, rocks are moderately weathered manganese and ferrous hydroxides are deposited beside removed clay minerals, tuch as halloysite and vermiculite. Quartz and most feldspars are not decomposed, but micas are changed ingo vermiculite. The layer is 1.8-2.0g/cm3 in density. It is represented by the montmorillonite zone in another kind of weathering crust, containing dacite, dacite tuff and another volcanics.In the third layer, rocks are not changed chemically nor minerallogicaly, but they are fractured or fragmented by open clacks along grain boundaries or cleavages. Density of the rock is reduced to 2.4-2.0g/cm3 in this layer by leaching reaction of percolating water.Change in density by weathering is closely related to the geomorphology especially to the inclination of slopes along valleys.


Ralph Hawkins' main point appears to be that if British Columbia were like the other jurisdictions he cites, we should have seen a decline in mortality; he asserts that our reported 0.1% increase in age-adjusted mortality rate between the 2 cohorts must be the result of hospital downsizing.

We


2 SUMMARY Previous attempts to conduct a stock assessment for the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the North Atlantic have been handicapped by the lack of reliable catch and effort data. The use of tag-recapture data is among ICCAT's recommendations for future assessment work. This paper proposes a statistical framework for estimating blue shark movement and fishing mortality rates from the tag-recapture data of the National Marine Fisheries Service Cooperative Shark Tagging Program (NMFS-CSTP). The model considers four geographical regions. Blue sharks can stay in the region in which they were tagged and they can move among regions. The parameters of the model are the intra- and inter-region movement probabilities and the catchability coefficients that relate the probabilities of capture and the ICCAT longline fishing effort data. Bayesian estimation methods are used to estimate and quantify the uncertainty associated with the values for these parameters. The dataset of the NMFS-CSTP shows potential for use in a blue shark stock assessment and should be investigated further. Areas of interest for future research are identified. RESUME


Biological trace elements are required for numerous biological processes and by all organisms. We describe a database, dbTEU (DataBase of Trace Element Utilization), that features known transporters and user proteins for five trace elements (copper, molybdenum, nickel, cobalt and selenium) and represents sequenced organisms from the three domains of life. The manually curated dbTEU currently includes ∼16 500 proteins from >700 organisms, and offers interactive trace element, protein, organism and sequence search and browse tools.


This improvement of an existing carriageway was carried out over a 1.8 km stretch of the A3 London-Portsmouth road. A description is given of the preparatory work, and the widening of the existing carriageway to receive the 9 M wide paver. The concrete overlay is without preformed joints or breaks in reinforcement for expansion jointing. Details are given of the offset longitudinal joint and the universal beam transverse joints at the ends of the experimental section. The author describes the train of concreting equipment, which included a specially adapted Guntert and Zimmerman slipform paver. The placing and folding of reinforcement for vehicle access is explained. A control section of bituminous material is to be laid at the northern end of the job. The specified air entrained concrete was transported to site in conventional truck mixers. (TRRL)


Even if you are hated for believing in Jesus christ and serving him, be brave and he will rescue you. An encouraging song used during praise and worship moments.


In this paper, we are tried to know the most significant erosion processes that affect the study area selected in the last 50 years, according to the different land uses in the study area, as well as the lithologic formation of them. To do this we have used GIS technology (Geographic Information Systems) to compare the erosion processes of the different periods of study and for data collection in a thematic cartography. Generally are reliefs that are colonized by natural vegetation, but the main area are soils that have been deforested and plowed. Will be in the latter ones which will generate more concentrated runoff and soil loss. In the comparative analysis between the different frames, we observed that the anthropic practices have degrees of erosion and loss of superficial material alarming. Erosion processes are more pressing in cultivated soils where runoff concentrated in rills, gully erosion, piping processes and off the slopes are the most evident expressions of loss of soil.


The surface organometallic fragment (⋮SiO)2CrCHCMe3 initiates the polymerization of ethylene and 1-hexene at room temperature in the absence of organoaluminum or other activators. The kinetics at the gas−solid interface were studied by in situ IR spectroscopy in a constant volume, variable pressure reactor. At low pressures, the reaction is first order in P(C2H4), first order in the number of moles of chromium, and linearly dependent on the Cr loading on silica. The second-order rate constant for polymerization is (177 ± 3) s-1 (mol Cr)-1 at 21 °C, and is virtually unchanged upon subsequent additions of ethylene to the catalyst. The kinetic isotope effect, k(C2H4)/k(C2D4), is a meagre 1.29. The temperature dependence of the second-order rate constants yields ΔH‡obs = (30.2 ± 0.9) kJ/mol and ΔS‡obs = (−99 ± 3) J/(K·mol). These values are consistent with a propagation mechanism of agostically assisted migratory insertion at an alkylchromium(IV) active site. They are inconsistent with an alternating alkylide...


This paper describes the modeling and optimization of a hierarchical ring interconnect for system-on-chip multiprocessors. We have selected hierarchical rings for study because they exhibit properties which lend themselves to efficient SoC interconnects. Using our model, we are able to tune certain design parameters in order to reduce energy consumption. We also use dynamic clock throttling which efficiently reduces the energy consumption of the interconnect without adversely affecting system performance


A design approach for enviroment noise measurement system based on single chip computer is introduced. The relative hardware diagram and software flow chart are also given.


This article analyses the stability of a three-dimensional reticulate steel truss composed of deformable bars, with the particular goal of studying the influence of bracings. The bars are assumed to be deformable by bending, axial forces, shearing forces and torsion. A computer program was developed to determine the critical loading of the structure by taking into account geometric non-linearity. The stiffness matrix technique is used to describe the structural response in three dimensions. Three-dimensional stiffness functions (stability functions) were developed to consider simultaneous bending effects, shearing force, axial force and torsion. Global instability is considered to have been achieved when a given loading introduces singularities in the global stiffness matrix. When the critical loading has been determined, it is possible to determine global instability parameters such as effective buckling coefficients. Truss examples are presented and compared with Ansys results to demonstrate the potenti...


Optical character acknowledgment alludes to the way toward understanding pictures of written by hand, typescript, or printed content into an arrangement comprehended by machines for the motivation behind modifying, ordering/looking, and to reduce size. Optical character acknowledgment is the understanding of pictures of written by hand, typescript or printed content into machine-editable content by mechanically or electronically. The purpose of the present hypothesis is to find the numbers and English letter sets picture of times new roman, Arial, Arial square size of 72, 48 by using imperative part examination. Head Components Analysis (PCA) is a functional and standard measurable instrument in current information examination that has discovered application in various zones, for example, face acknowledgment, picture pressure and neuroscience. It has been called one of the most valuable outcomes from connected straight polynomial math. PCA is a clear, non-parametric technique for splitting appropriate data from confounding instructive indexes.


This project is to design the car park control system ustng PLC as the
programming tool. This project is chosen because it exposes to few fields of studies for
example PLC. Furthermore this project also is very practically feasible to construct,
practi cally appli cable and useful and has the potential to be marketed in addition it is
different from other existing similar in the market. The PLC was chosen since it gives
more structu red approach rather than conventional way. This project uses the PLC to
control the parking area. This simple car park control system al lows a certain number of
cars parking space. Every time a car comes in, the PLC will add one and subtract one
when a car goes out. When a determined number of cars are registered, the car park full
sign will be lighted to inform oncoming vehicles not to enter. Basically this system
allows a car when there is a space in the car park and show sign (l ight) to inform when
the car park is full. The final product of this project is a fu lly functional hardware that
achieves the initial objectives of this project and at the same time illustrates the practical
feas ib ility of our idea. However since the main objectives is only to illustrate the
practical feasibility of our idea. therefore the spec ification and quality of cettain
components have been compromised to reduce the project cost. Therefore in real life
application, the specifications of certain components have to be changed for optimum
and satisfactory performance.


Canada is home to many ethnic communities, some displaced from their homelands by political conflicts, genocide, and war. Within these diasporic communities, there is a need to collect and preserve whatever evidence remains as a way of holding onto the past, its memories and traditions, and to express the greater loss. My thesis investigates a small corpus of family photographs, taken prior to and after the Armenian Genocide (1915-1923), which have been passed on through generations. My interest lies in determining the meaning of these images in relation to a history of trauma in the family.
Considering the history of displacement and the subsequent creation of multiple homes, this thesis explores family photographs that have travelled with families to different places that these Armenian families have temporarily called "home." In that sense, I regard the physical function of the photographs as instruments to transmit memory, as well as their contributions to the assertion of cultural identity. Through their portrayed subjects, these images serve as visual support for three distinct functions: remembering people from the past; recalling places once called 'home'; and transmitting cultural heritage and traditions. �


A field experiment was conducted to study the individual and combined effect of phosphorus and potassium on morphophysiological traits and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. Pusa 417. The observations were recorded on branch number, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and nodule number/ plant, nitrogenase activity of nodules, leaf area index, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate. At maturity pod number, 100 seed weight, seed yield and seed yield merit were recorded. A combination of 40 kg P 2 O 5 and 20 kg K 2 O/ha produced maximum yield. The low input of P 2 O 5 was compensated by high input of K 2 O and vice versa. At lower phosphorus levels (0 or 20 kg P 2 O 5 /ha) the requirement of potassium was high (40 kg K 2 O/ha). However, at higher level of phosphorus (40 or 60 kg P 2 O 5 /ha) the application of only 20 kg K 2 O/ ha proved effective. Seed yield and seed yield merit were enhanced by 82 and 85% by 40 kg P 2 O 5 x 20 kg K 2 O over control.


Background: Optimal feeding practices for children aged below 24 months are important for the growth and Development and also for reducing childhood mortality and morbidity for this critical group. Social cultural beliefs and practices dictate behavior and practices of the people hence they influence feeding practices.
 Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out how the socio-cultural beliefs and practices influence the feeding practices for children aged below 24 months in Lubao sub location in Kakamega County.
 Methods: This study was a cross-section study conducted between from January to March, 2016 in the rural western region amongst primary care givers of children aged below 2 years. Random sampling technique was utilized to select the target sample and from a target population of 1000, a sample of 166 was calculated. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on socio-cultural beliefs influencing the feeding practices.
 Findings: The level of education and knowledge of forbidden foods had a positive correlation (rho-0.328) at (p>0.01). Approximately, 20(20%) reported foods recommended for the infants and young children while 80(80%) reported no specific foods recommended. Reasons associated with the recommended foods were; 4(20%) culture, 9(45%) lack of knowledge, 7(35%) due to other reasons.
 Conclusion: Cultural beliefs and taboos i.e. food taboos/restriction, beliefs associated with certain foods, have a strong influence on infant feeding and undermines optimal infant feeding practices; breastfeeding and complementary feeding.


This paper discusses the possibility of holding the Indonesian government responsible and accountable for deforestation based on the human rights regime. The issue of human rights is correlated to the issue of deforestation. Deforestation has impacted various human rights, including but not limited to, the right to health, right to property, and cultural and religious rights. Despite several international law principles and frameworks that gives protection towards environment and in specific deforestation, it is in and of itself insufficient. States have the obligation to respect human rights protected in the State's constitution, domestic laws, or international law. First, this paper analyzes the relevant jurisprudence from international and regional courts that have decided cases in favor of human rights, as they have recognized the interrelated aspect of environmental law and fulfillment of human rights. Such jurisprudence is analyzed with relevance to Indonesia's international obligations under the law of state responsibility. Second, this paper discusses the relevance of these international norms to Indonesia. A comparison to the decision Arie Rompas, dkk. v. Presiden RI, dkk rendered by Palangkaraya District Court in Indonesia which focused on the violation of tort law. Arguments based on human rights can provide guidance on filling the gap between the existing legislation on deforestation and its implementation in Indonesia.


The oxidation of 5,6-diamino-1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidine (H2ddd) by perrhenate (ReO4-) led to the formation of 1,3-dimethylalloxan, which condenses with unoxidized H2ddd to yield the product 1,3,6,8-tetramethylpyrimidopteridine-2,4,5,7-tetrone (tppt). The structure of tppt consists of a central pyrazine ring and two terminal pyrimidine rings in cis positions. The dihedral angles between the pyrazine and pyrimidine rings are 1.08° and 1.20°.


In Ecuador, the internal control system is very important and has tried to fit into the
companies with their different policies, and in public companies mostly for reasons of the
General Comptroller of the State, in order to properly manage resources public. The
Ministry of Labor Relations designed an organizational structure and through the National
Secretariat of Planning and Development (SENPLADES) initiated a project to study and
create processes that allow innovation in the various public sectors with deconcentrated and
efficient activities. In the Financial and Cartographic Management of the Military
Geographic Institute, deficiencies have been detected in the internal control system in some
processes, which are of great importance for institutional and country development, with
the aim of providing efficiency and effectiveness in the procedures of the financial and
cartographic areas of the Military Geographical Institute (IGM). The method used for the
present work was the qualitative method or non-traditional method, where it was possible to
observe and incorporate some necessary procedures for the fulfillment of objectives in both
processes. The internal control system is a tool born as a need to protect interests, mitigate
risks and prevent fraud or errors, being a very important issue for all companies. The
COSO is an initiative to improve the internal control system, it is made up of the following
elements: Control environment, Risk assessment, Control and management activities,
Information and communication and Supervision.
Keywords: Control, risks, supervision, fraud and COSO.


ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) codes for a protein serine kinase called ORF47; the herpes simplex virus (HSV) homolog is UL13. No recombinant alphaherpesvirus serine kinase has been biologically active in vitro. We discovered that preservation of the intrinsic kinase activity of recombinant VZV ORF47 required unusually stringent in vitro conditions, including physiological concentrations of polyamines. In this assay, ORF47 phosphorylated two VZV regulatory proteins: the ORF62 protein (homolog of HSV ICP4) and the ORF63 protein (homolog of HSV ICP22). Of interest, ORF47 kinase also coprecipitated ORF63 protein from the kinase assay supernatant.


Tin-based fuel catalyst, if dipped into a gasoline-containing tank will increase fuel efficiency. The catalyst has been used since 60 years ago. Its usage will save the fuel and increase the use of tin as expected by tin-producers. Though the mechanism of catalytic reaction has not been clearly understood, several research regarding catalyst performance have been conducted. Moreover some companies have already produced such a catalyst. The tin alloy catalyst was made by melting tin and other metals at specific compositions in a burner and casted into dif- ferent shapes. In term of evaluating the contact between the fuel and the catalyst as well as assessing the alloy catalytic mechanism, the samples were dipped in gasoline and stirred for 3 days. The gasoline with and without catalyst were analyzed using infrared and showed that the spectra appeared at 875, 835, 538, 343 and 229 cm-1 after 3-day dipped. The peaks resulted for catalytic interaction between Sn and gasoline. Fuel efficiency was measured through static and dynamic tests. The former was conducted using a genset and lawn mower by running the diesel-containing engines in empty load condition. The result showed that efficiency of catalyst-containing diesel consumption was still low, ranged between 0.6 - 5%. Other static tests were performed at LEMIGAS using Toyota and Isuzu car engines. Using gasoline and diesel respectively. Effect of catalyst on the car with gasoline improves engine capacity to 8.79%, and increases fuel consumption to 1.03%. The catalyst applied the car with diesel enhances the capacity to 11.38 % and increases fuel consumption to 9.39%. Dynamic tests conducted to motor bikes and cars show the efficiency of fuel consumption around 5-17.5%. It means that tin-alloys based catalyst for efficiency of fuel use is prospective. Such a catalyst is easy to be made and utilized.


Used edible oil recovered from the food industry in Japan amounts to a few hundred thousand tons annually. Some recovered oil of good quality is used as a fatty acid source, as feed oil, in paint, and so on, after a simple refining method, but the rest is burned or discarded despite a relatively low level of deterioration. In our previous paper, two reclamation methods were proposed for low-grade used edible oil having Gardner color≥11 to produce non-food industrial oil of Gardner color<7.  In the present study one of the methods mentioned above, refining with barium hydroxide followed by hydrogen peroxide bleaching, was improved to be practically feasible in existing facilities. In addition, the mechanism of successful reclamation was investigated. The results of the investigation suggested that barium hydroxide treatment of used edible oil rendered lipophilic proteins, amino acids, and other inhibitors of hydrogen peroxide bleaching, easily removable from the oil by washing with water and filtration through adsorbent. The oil thus obtained was bleached effectively down to Gardner color 4-6, and its odor was dramatically improved by hydrogen peroxide treatment.


The aim of this paper is to analyse the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Rio Grande do Sul by applying graph-theoretical tools, particularly spectral clustering techniques, on weighted graphs defined on the set of 167 municipalities in the state with population 10,000 or more, which are based on data provided by government agencies and other sources. To respond to this outbreak, the state has adopted a system by which pre-determined regions are assigned flags on a weekly basis, and different measures go into effect according to the flag assigned. Our results suggest that considering a flexible approach to the regions themselves might be a useful additional tool to give more leeway to cities with lower incidence rates, while keeping the focus on public safety. Moreover, simulations show the dampening effect of isolation on the dissemination of the disease.


Heat generation of uranium dioxide (UO2) powder and its pressureless rapid sintering behaviors have been studied using a high-frequency induction heating apparatus. The porous graphite housing has been used to prevent heat loss and to preheat the uranium oxides, simultaneously. At an elevated temperature, UO2 powder generated extra heat by itself. The synergism of individual heat generation between the graphite and UO2 powder could effectively heat the UO2 to the sintering temperature of 1700°C. Using this process, densification behavior of cylindrical and disk-type UO2 green pellets according to the heating rate and grain structure of sintered UO2 pellets were investigated. Rapid sintering caused a large crack around the circumference of the sintered pellet. The formation of cracks could be avoided when the heating rate or sample dimension are properly reduced. A dense and crack-free UO2 pellet with a relative density of up to 96% was produced within 5 min of the process time. The induction heat sintering process can be a potential candidate for the rapid fabrication of ceramics and composites.


Given the potential difficulties in obtaining large quantities of labelled data, many works have explored the use of deep semi-supervised learning, which uses both labelled and unlabelled data to train a neural network architecture. The vast majority of SSL approaches focus on implementing the low-density separation assumption or consistency assumption, the idea that decision boundaries should lie in low density regions. However, they have implemented this assumption by making local changes to the decision boundary at each data point, ignoring the global structure of the data. In this work, we explore an alternative approach using the global information present in the clustered data to update our decision boundaries. We propose a novel framework, CycleCluster, for deep semi-supervised classification. Our core optimisation is driven by a new clustering based regularisation along with a graph based pseudo-labels and a shared deep network. Demonstrating that direct implementation of the cluster assumption is a viable alternative to the popular consistency based regularisation. We demonstrate the predictive capability of our technique through a careful set of numerical results.


The purpose of this study was to investigate how teachers' beliefs relating to autonomy and control behavior are reflected in classroom teaching, and the effects on pupils' attitudes and achievements. The subjects comprised 20 teachers and 659 first grade pupils. Study 1 investigated the relationship between teachers' beliefs and the attitudes and achievements of pupils. The results showed that the pupils of autonomyoriented teachers had higher perceived competence and adapted themselves better to school than pupils with teachers who were more control-oriented. Study 2, through analysis of classroom teaching, investigated how teachers' beliefs about autonomy influenced their teaching behavior in the classroom. The study demonstrated that teachers' orientation toward autonomy was reflected in their teaching style and promoted pupils' learning motivation.


Dissociation is an unconscious defense mechanism that helps to protect oneself from trauma. It comes in various forms, such as dissociative identity, memory loss, and altered perception. Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a serious psychological disturbance that can occur due to maladaptive dissociation patterns. However, it is not commonly identified in clinical practice. This case series presents three clinical cases of DID in adolescents with different predispositions. One case involved a male adolescent with autism spectrum disorder, while the other two cases involved female adolescents with depression and a history of sexual abuse. The report emphasizes the importance of screening for dissociative symptoms, proper diagnosis and treatment approaches, and the challenges in diagnosis and management. This information can help clinicians to improve their knowledge and skills in managing similar cases involving adolescents.


Summary The main objective of this simulation study is to observe the profile effects of first pre-amplification and to the value of output power and bit error rate (BER) performance in the restored metropolitan ring network using 1:1 linear protection scheme. Three profiles are introduced and studied, its effects on BER performance and output power are compared. We observed the first gain value gives the significant effect to the initial BER value. As a result we propose the BER improvement by optimizing the value of gain based on the load line analysis in our previous publication [6]. The OptiSystem simulation is used to obtain the desired research objective and analysis the results elsewhere.


Modeling an emulsion polymerization process is of special interest for the prediction of the corresponding latex properties and optimization of several polymer features. A chemical engineering approach is used to elaborate a tendency model, able to predict, with sufficient precision,
 the conversion, the particles number and polymer properties such as number and weight average molecular weights. This simulation model can be used in a multicriteria optimization procedure to obtain the desired quality of the product with a high productivity. The approach is applied on a well-known
 system: emulsion polymerization of styrene.


Hall thrusters are a key technology for current and future unmanned satellites, striking a balance between thrust and fuel economy suitable for many mission profiles of interest. Despite their extensive flight heritage and a large body of research, many phenomena occuring in the plasma discharge of Hall thrusters are not well understood. A combination of intrusive and non-intrusive measurement techniques were used to investigate the properties of the exhaust plume of two Hall thrusters and correlate optical characteristics of oscillating modes with the plasma potential and azimuthal current distribution during those modes. A strong trend was found associating the optical emission of spokes with a local increase in plasma potential as measured by an emissive probe, indicating a spoke structure with visible and non-visible regions. Additionally, a consistent phase delay was observed between oscillations in discharge current and Hall current during the breathing mode. A similar delay was not observed between discharge current and optical emission or plasma potential oscillations during the breathing mode. These trends were used to infer a possible plasma structure during breathing and spoke modes.


In this paper we present a processor microarchitecture that can simultaneously execute multiple threads and has a clustered design for scalability purposes. A main feature of the proposed microarchitecture is its capability to spawn speculative threads from a single-thread application at run-time. These speculative threads use otherwise idle resources of the machine. Spawning a speculative thread involves predicting its control flow as well as its dependences with other threads and the values that flow through them. In this way, threads that are not independent can be executed in parallel. Control-flow, data value and data dependence predictors particularly designed for this type of microarchitecture are presented. Results show the potential of the microarchitecture to exploit speculative parallelism in programs that are hard to parallelize at compile-time, such as the SpecInt95. For a 4-thread unit configuration, some programs such as ijpeg and li can exploit an average degree of parallelism of more than 2 threads per cycle. The average degree of parallelism for the whole SpecInt95 suite is 1.6 threads per cycle. This speculative parallelism results in significant speedups for all the SpecInt95 programs when compared with a single-thread execution.


One basic problem in statistical sciences is to understand the relationships among multivariate outcomes. Although it remains an important tool and is widely applicable, the regression analysis is limited by the basic setup that requires to identify one dimension of the outcomes as the primary measure of interest (the "dependent" variable) and other dimensions as supporting this variable (the "explanatory" variables). There are situations where this relationship is not of primary interest. For example, in actuarial sciences, one might be interested to see the dependence between annual claim numbers of a policyholder and its impact on the premium or the dependence between the claim amounts and the expenses related to them. In such cases the normality hypothesis fails, thus Pearson's correlation or concepts based on linearity are no longer the best ones to be used. Therefore, in order to quantify the dependence between non-normal outcomes one needs different statistical tools, such as, for example, the dependence concepts and the copulas. This thesis is devoted to modelling dependence with applications in actuarial sciences and is divided in two parts: the first one concerns dependence in frequency credibility models and the second one dependence between continuous outcomes. In each part of the thesis we resort to different tools, the stochastic orderings (which arise from the dependence concepts), and copulas, respectively. During the last decade of the 20th century, the world of insurance was confronted with important developments of the a posteriori tarification, especially in the field of credibility. This was dued to the easing of insurance markets in the European Union, which gave rise to an advanced segmentation. The first important contribution is due to Dionne & Vanasse (1989), who proposed a credibility model which integrates a priori and a posteriori information on an individual basis. These authors introduced a regression component in the Poisson counting model in order to use all available information in the estimation of accident frequency. The unexplained heterogeneity was then modeled by the introduction of a latent variable representing the influence of hidden policy characteristics. The vast majority of the papers appeared in the actuarial literature considered time-independent (or static) heterogeneous models. Noticeable exceptions include the pioneering papers by Gerber & Jones (1975), Sundt (1988) and Pinquet, Guillen & Bolance (2001, 2003). The allowance for an unknown underlying random parameter that develops over time is justified since unobservable factors influencing the driving abilities are not constant. One might consider either shocks (induced by events like divorces or nervous breakdown, for instance) or continuous modifications (e.g. due to learning effect). In the first part we study the recently introduced models in the frequency credibility theory, which can be seen as models of time series for count data, adapted to actuarial problems. More precisely we will examine the kind of dependence induced among annual claim numbers by the introduction of random effects taking unexplained heterogeneity, when these random effects are static and time-dependent. We will also make precise the effect of reporting claims on the a posteriori distribution of the random effect. This will be done by establishing some stochastic monotonicity property of the a posteriori distribution with respect to the claims history.[...]


The plant Cordia rothii is a small herb or tree, grows particularly well a long rocks and in the dry mountainous areas of Gujarat. The leaf paste is applied on an open wo und and inflamed areas by the local people of this region. The present study was carried out to evaluate the tradi tional claim of the plant in treatment of wounds. T he powder of dried leaves of Cordia rothii was subjected to continuous extraction with soxhle t extractor using various organic solvents. The preliminary phytochemical screening w ith the various qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, steroids, t riterpenes, proteins, amino acids and mucilage were present in the leaf extracts of Cordia rothii. All the test extracts at different dose level and standard were administered topically once daily from day 0 to the day of complete healin g or the 21 postoperative day, whichever occurred earlier. A significant increase in the wound -healing activity was observed in the animals treated with the alcohol and water extracts of Cordia rothii leaves at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight, when compared with the control treatments. Both the alcoholic and water ex t acts of Cordia rothii (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) showed dose dependent increase in percent wound con tra tion. The alcoholic extract of Cordia rothii at a dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight (AESO 400) shown increase in percent wound contraction fr m 31.46 % to 91.80 % from day 4 to 16, while epitheliazation period and scar area were 1 8.90 days and 19.55 mm 2 respectively. The warer extract of Cordia rothii at a dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight (WESO 400) s hown increase in percent wound contraction from 33.61 % to 94.45 % from day 4 th to 16, while epitheliazation period and scar area were 1 7.59 days and 16.84 mm respectively. Key-Words: Cordia rothii, Leaf extracts, Excision wound, Epitheliazation pe riod and Scar area Introduction The plant Cordia rothii Roem. & Schult, is an evergreen tree found in India. The plant possesses good medicinal value and is used by the people for the treatment of various diseases. The leaf paste was applied on an open wound and also useful in inflammation of legs . The plant possess antidote activity, fruit pulp has astringent, antidiarrhoeal and antiseptic activities and reduces burning sensation of urinary tract, root has abortifacient and antiinflammatory activities, while the whole plant has antidiabetic and antileprotic activities 2-5 . It has been reported that leaf extracts of certain species of C rdia such as Cordia myxa, Cordia francisci , and Cordia serratifolia have significant analgesic, antiinflammatory, and antiarthritic activity in the rat 6 . * Corresponding Author E.mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Mob.: +91-7567513712 The aerial parts of Cordia verbenacea plant are used in folk medicine for their anti-rheumatic, antiinflammatory, analgesic and healing properties in the form of alcoholic extracts, decoctions and infusions 7 . The antibacterial properties of the ethanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water extracts of Cordia sinensis stem bark, at concentration 100 mg/ml were tested against six standard bacterial strains ( Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli , Proteus vulgaris , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae . Ethanol extract of Cordia sinensis stem bark showed promising result against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8 . The alcoholic extract of Cordia rothii bark was found to possess significant hypoglycaemic activity. A survey of literature revealed that scientific stu dy on the anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity of the plant Cordia rothii has been not been previously Research Article [Zala et al., 3(10): Oct., 2012] CODEN (USA): IJPLCP ISSN: 0976-7126 Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 10: October: 2012, 2048-2054 2049 reported to validate the folklore claims. The prese nt study was carried out to evaluate the traditional c l im of the plant in treatment of wounds. The main objectives of the present research work are biologi cal screening of various extracts for wound healing act ivity using excision wound model of rat to compare the therapeutic safety and efficacy of the plant. Material and Methods Collection and Identification of Plant Leaves of Cordia rothii Roem & Schult, were freshly collected from the Kachchh district of Gujarat (Ind ia) in the month of July. The plant material was identi fied and authenticated by the Botany Department, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat (India). The voucher specimen CRZAH-01 was also preserved for future reference. The collected leaves were shade dried for 15 days a nd size reduced by mechanical grinder into coarse powd er. It was then stored in a well closed container free om environmental climatic changes till usage. Method of extraction The powder of dried leaves of Cordia rothii was subjected to continuous extraction with soxhlet extractor using various organic solvents such as petroleum ether (60-80 °C), chloroform, ethyl aceta te, ethanol and water respectively. After concentration and drying of each extract, identification of phytoconstituents was carried out by performing different qualitative chemical tests. Preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts The leaf extracts of Cordia rothii obtained during the extraction process were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to determine the presence o f various phytoconstituents by using reported methods . Preparation of the plant extracts Fresh leaves of Cordia rothii Roem. & Schult. were collected and dried under shade and powdered by a mechanical grinder. 1 Kg of the pulverized plant material was extracted with different solvents like petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol d water using a soxhlet apparatus. After concentratio n and drying of each extract, chloroform, ethyl aceta te, ethanol and water extracts were selected for the biological screening in various animal models. All the plant extracts were suspended in simple ointment ba se and used for the topical application to the animals for wound healing activity. Vehicle All the plant extracts and standard drug indomethac in were suspended in normal saline and administered orally to animals. Carrageenan were diluted separat ely in normal saline and injected. Experimental animals Albino rats (Wistar strain) of either sex weighing between 150-200 g were used for experimental purpose. The animals were kept in polypropylene cag es at room temperature and under 12:12 hours light/ da rk cycle. The animals had free access to standard rat pellet and water under strict hygienic conditions. Animals were habituated to laboratory conditions for 48 hou rs prior to experimental protocol to minimize, if any onspecific stress. The animals were divided into grou ps of six animals each and fasted for 12 hours before the experiment. The study was carried out as per the guidelines of Institutional Animal Ethical Committe e. Acute toxicity studies An acute toxicity study was conducted for all the extract by the stair-case method. The healthy Wista r rats of either sex were fed with plant extracts in increasing doses of 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2000 and 40 00 mg/kg body weight respectively. The toxicity was assessed by mortality and behavior changes of the animals. Selection of dose 15 Safety of the medicinal plants is equally important when they are used clinically. The doses up to 4000 mg/kg body weight did not produce any signs of toxicity and mortality. The animals were physically active and were consuming food and water in a regul ar way. A 2.5, 5 and 10 % of the maximum tolerated dos e i.e. 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight was selecte d for the study. A substance is considered safe if it produces no adverse effect in 10 times of the therapeutic dose. These findings support the observation of safety of the plant extracts. Wound healing studies in rat: Excision wound model The animals were randomly allocated into six groups comprising six animals each (n=6) for the study (Table 1). Animals were anesthetized prior to and during creation of the wounds, with light ether anesthesia . The rats were inflicted with excision wounds. The dorsa l fur of the animals was shaved with an electric clip per and the anticipated area of the wound to be created was outlined on the back of the animals with methylene blue. A full thickness of the excision wound of 2.5 cm in width was created along the markings using tooth ed forceps, scalpel and pointed scissors. The negative control group was applied with simple iodine ointme nt. The positive control group was applied with 5% povidone iodine ointment. The remaining twelve groups applied with the chloroform, ethyl acetate, alcoholic and water extracts of Cordia rothii at the three different dose levels of 100, 200 and 400 mg/ kg body weight. All the test extracts at different dos e level Research Article [Zala et al., 3(10): Oct., 2012] CODEN (USA): IJPLCP ISSN: 0976-7126 Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 10: October: 2012, 2048-2054 2050 and standard were administered topically once daily from day 0 to the day of complete healing or the 21 st postoperative day, whichever occurred earlier. The following parameters were evaluated such as wound area measurement, percentage wound contraction, period of epithelialization and scar area. The rate of wound closure was assessed by tracing the wound on days 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 21 post-wounding using transparency papers and a permanent marker. The wound areas recorded were measured using graph paper. The day of eschar falling, after wounding, without any residual raw wound was considered as the period of epithelialization. The percentage wound contraction was calculated by using following formu la: Percentage Closure = [(Wound area on corresponding day Wound area on zero day)/


Malaria is by far the most important cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and young children, many of who are also victims of malnutrition, in Nigeria. Malaria is also responsible for a large proportion of neonatal and perinatal mortality. In addition, malaria causes anaemia in children, and undermine their growth and development, and also responsible for low birth weight among infants due to its effects on the foetus, as a result of infection of pregnant mothers in the developing nations, including Nigeria. Malaria is an endemic health problem in Nigeria, and experts affirmed that the co-existence of malnutrition and malaria infection vastly increases the severity of both .Malaria treatment and eradication, particularly among children, is fast becoming a lost battle in Nigeria. This paper therefore recommended the complementary roles of adequate nutrition along with potent drugs use, in malaria treatment for children in Nigeria.


A new process capability index (Pel) is proposed. which takes into account possible asymmetry in the distribution of the measured process characteristic (X). The distribution of a natural estimator of this index is investigated.


The structure and principle of a new type of direct high pressure electric-pneumatic proportional reducing pressure valve with electric feedback is proposed. The experimental results show that this valve has wide adjustable range and high precision for pressure,also good characteristic for static and dynamic state.


Summary form only given. State-of-the-art design and miniaturized component development has led the way to an affordable Microwave Power Module (MPM) that meets the phased array size requirements and overall performance for ECM, RADAR, and communications transmitters. The MPM is a complete RF power transmitter that combines the best attributes of a power booster TWT, a MMIC driver SSA, power conditioning circuitry and a modulator in a miniature self-contained package. These modules can be designed for output powers of 100 to 150 Watts covering the 2 to 40 GHz frequency range with bandwidths up to 1.5 octaves. A 100 Watt module covering the 6 to 18 GHz frequency band has been developed with a volume just 7.5 cubic inches that can be stacked in an array with just 1/2 wavelength spacing at 18 GHz.


Autoregulation can be considered to be a balance between blood flow and O2 extraction. Local regulatory mechanisms prevent excessive local O2 supply to tissue upstream arteriolar vasoconstriction. Effects of resuscitation with red blood cells (RBCs) with low and high P50 (partial pressure of O2 at 50% Hb saturation) were studied with the hamster window chamber in a model of 1 h shock. Introduction of inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) and 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural (5HMF) into the RBCs by electroporation decreased and increased the P50 to 10 and 50 mmHg respectively (normal p50 = 32 mmHg). The animals were resuscitated with 25% of blood volume infusion using either the low and high P50 RBCs. Systemic parameters, microvascular hemodynamics, and functional capillary density (FCD, the number of capillaries perfused per unit area), were measured up to 90 min after resuscitation. RBCs with high P50 (reduced Hb‐O2 affinity) reduced arteriolar diameter and flow, and increased the oxygen extraction. RBCs with low P50 (increased Hb‐O2 affinity) had higher levels of systemic O2 delivery and tissue pO2. In summary, resuscitation with RBCs with increased Hb‐O2 affinity maintained adequate microhemodynamic conditions and tissue PO2 while RBCs with reduced Hb‐O2 affinity produced arteriolar vasoconstriction followed by higher O2 extraction and lower tissue PO2.


There are broad Diluvial uplands on both sides of the lower course of the River Kuji, to the south of Abukuma plateau. Basing on the field observations and the analysis of terrace deposits, the author classified the uplands into three terraces, and explained the processes of their formation. The main subjects discussed in this paper are summerized as follows: 1. The Diluvial uplands are classified into three terraces with altitudes of 80-110m (Upper), 50m (Middle) and 20-30m (Lower). Among them the Middle is the most extensively distributed in this area, and continues to the terraces situated along the upper course of the River Kuji (fig. 1). 2. Three terraces are similarly composed of sand and gravel beds lying unconformably on Tertiary system and are covered by aeorian volcanic ash which contains a pumice band 10-20cm thick. Upper terraces are correlated with so-called Tame terraces. the Middle with Musashino, and the Lower with the Intermediate terrace between Musashino and Post-Loam terraces in the southern part of Kanto district. 3. The author investigated the thickness of gravel beds in the Middle and Lower terraces, and made the machanical and lithological analysis of gravels, from which she inferred the environment of deposition and the process of terrace formation (figs. 1, 3, 4 and tab. 1). The major part of the Middle terrace is an elevated coastal plain consisting of littoral deposits. The former shoreline has been elevated some 50 meters, which is determind by the presence of exotic gravels in the eastern part of the terrace. The deposits of the Middle terrace may be correlated with the upper part of Narita formation deposited in the Palaeo-Tokyo Bay in late Pleistocene. The area studied had occupied the northern limit of the bay. The Lower terrace is of fluviatile origin formed by the extended courses of the Rivers Kuji. Sato and Naka.


There have been several high profile reports of poor nursing care in hospitals in England of late. Criticism of nursing has also featured prominently in the popular media. This paper examines the complex mix of contributory factors that have created this situation, and identifies the issues that need to be addressed if policy making in this area is to improve the situation. Action is required in a number of areas, including: strengthening ward leadership, introducing measures such as "intentional rounding", and acknowledging the "emotional labour" of caring, however many recommendations have centred on the education of nurses and seemingly overlooked these other crucial issues.


The impact of the three state-of-the-art germanium(Ge) profiles(box,trapezoid and triangular) across the base of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors(HBTs) under the condition of the same total amount of Ge on the temperature dependence of current gainβand cut-off frequency f_T,as well as the temperature profile,are investigated.It can be found that although theβof HBT with a box Ge profile is larger than that of the others,it decreases the fastest as the temperature increases,while theβof HBT with a triangular Ge profile is smaller than that of the others,but decreases the slowest as the temperature increases.On the other hand,the f_T of HBT with a trapezoid Ge profile is larger than that of the others,but decreases the fastest as the temperature increases,and the f_T of HBT with a box Ge profile is smaller than that of the others,but decreases the slowest as temperature increases.Furthermore,the peak and surface temperature difference between the emitter fingers of the HBT with a triangular Ge profile is higher than that of the others.Based on these results,a novel segmented step box Ge profile is proposed,which has modestβand f_T,and trades off the temperature sensitivity of current gain and cut-off frequency,and the temperature profile of the device.


Sections of a work in progress interrupted by the author's death em 2002 are published for the first time. Notes for a historical reconstruction of liberalism culminate in a practically finished study, in which an "Aristotelian" reading of Machiavelli is proposed.


circa 1980), the author explores the impact of income transfer systems on poverty and inequality in ten OECD countries: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States. The notion of 'income transfer system' refers to both payments made through social security and other similar programmes and mcome taxes and allied deduction thus allowing us to measure the combmed effect of these two sides


Significant interest in nano-structured material for this including in the structure of ferromagnetic nanoparticles of metals and alloys caused by specific magnetic properties, manifested in the nano state: high magnetization and coercivity, the lower the Curie temperature, high anisotropy, etc. These materials may find use in magnetic recording systems, high frequency devices MRI and Biomedicine, protection systems electromagnetic radiation. [1]. Additional ferromagnetic alloys FeCo-allocated nanoscale structures as have one of the highest values of magnetization, wherein the magnetic properties are strongly dependent on the composition and dispersion of the alloy. A number of studies [2, 3] demonstrated the effectiveness of the use of nanoparticles in FeCo absorbers of electromagnetic waves in the range of 4-18 GHz. There are several different approaches to the synthesis of nanoparticles FeCo. Features of methods is the most significant quantity of the synthetic steps, the need for stabilization using surfactants, additional recovery step in a hydrogen atmosphere, a significant duration processes. One solution is the inclusion of nanoparticles in the composites [4-5]. This allows controlling the size of the nanoparticles improve chemical stability, reduce the density and weight of the composite coating. The developed methodology allows us to synthesize FeCo nanoparticles composed of metal-carbon nanocomposites in one step by the IR heating, ie in the same process at the same time forming a carbon nanocomposite and nanostructured matrix is the formation of alloy nanoparticles FeCo.


Objective: Succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D (SDHD) gene mutations are most commonly associated with head and neck paragangliomas. We describe a pair of cases with early-onset, bilateral pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) syndrome associated with SDHD mutation. Methods: We describe 2 cases of hereditary, early-onset, bilateral PCC/PGL syndrome associated with SDHD mutation. Results: Both cases presented under the age of 30 with bilateral PCC and PGL with SDHD mutations. Case 1 is a female who was initially diagnosed with hypertension and later work-up revealed elevated norepinephrine levels. Positron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography showed avid uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose by the right adrenal gland, the organ of Zuckerkandl, and the left carotid bifurcation. Surgical resection was performed and resulted in normalization of her catecholamines. Case 2 is a male who similarly presented with hypertension and elevated norepinephrine levels. Imaging revealed head, neck,...


Research Institute for Materials, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands~Received 4 September 1998!We have developed a simple technique to measure the phase of the weak surface optical second-harmonicresponse to excitation with femtosecond laser pulses that uses the principle of spectral interference. Thisapproach is necessary for the study of surfaces under ~ultrahigh! vacuum conditions, where the conventionalmethod fails due to the dispersion in optical windows. As a demonstration, we have applied the technique toclean Ni~110! in UHV and to a Rh/Co/Cu multilayer in air. We have determined the phase with an accuracy of5° which is comparable to the conventional method.@S0163-1829~98!50548-6#


A kinetic theory collisional production model is used to determine the product velocity distributions of H and D resulting from collisional energy transfer with hot oxygen. The energetic oxygen atoms are the products of the dissociative recombination of O2+. Quantum mechanical cross sections for O-H and O-D collisions are used to determine the production distributions. The distributions of the particles entering a collision are assumed to be Maxwellian functions. The fraction of atoms with speeds above the escape speed is determined for Venus and Mars. For Venus, available density and temperature profiles are used to obtain estimates of the H and D escape fluxes and fractionation ratios.


The objective of this brief paper is to point out an often overlooked central issue facing the computer manager today and to suggest a comprehensive technique to improve management and utilization of large-scale computer systems.
 In the early days of computing the resources of a system could be measured in terms of a few hardware parameters such as memory size, speed of arithmetic and logical operations, and speed and complexity of I/O devices. Management was a matter of scheduling time for each user, often on a first come first served basis. This type of regime is still prevalent at smaller computer installations today. Larger installations, typically 360/65 and above running under OS/360, now use some form of multiprogramming to take advantage of hardware economies of scale with overlapped memory fetch, compute, and I/O operations. In the past, most of the cost of a computer installation was the CPU and core memory, while today it is the almost bewildering array of I/O devices.


We describe a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO) using a noncritically phase-matched KTP crystal, intracavity- pumped by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Signal pulse energy of as much as 8.1 mJ in the eye-safe range at 1.58-mm wavelength was coupled out of the cavity. We have elaborated a simple model of an intracavity laser- pumped OPO (IOPO), based on the rate equations for the Q-switched laser combined with the coupled equations for the parametric interaction in the nonlinear crystal. At 1.5 times pulsed IOPO threshold, signal pulse widths of 5 and 6 ns were calculated and detected, respectively. © 2001


In recent years,ecological design has been becoming the focus in urban planning and architectural realms.This article introduces the conception of the "Second Nature"and compares the ecological urban area to the"Second Nature".Taking urban design as an ecological intervention,the authors seek for a feasible method of ecological urban design in their conceptual urban design for Hulunbeir New District.


Two patients presented with a supranuclear ophthalmoplegia and clinical features otherwise indistinguishable from classical Parkinson's disease. Both had intercurrent infection, and recovery from the ophthalmoplegia paralleled that from the infection, but the Parkinsonian features improved more gradually on increasing doses of levodopa.


The state Mizoram witnessed good growth in aquaculture in recent years and has potential for improvement in production of fish with its endowed resources. The present paper is an attempt to analyze the status of aquaculture in the state of Mizoram and draw future strategies for improvement. The state has 5400 ha of water area under fish culture, and about 14500 ha of open water resources. Aquaculture contributed more than 90% of the total fish production of 7630 MT during 2016-17. During the last eight years the total aquaculture production in the state has enhanced to 91% with a growth rate hovering around 10%, mainly due to horizontal expansion of culture fisheries resources that almost doubled in last 10 years. Productivity of fish culture in ponds in the state though increased from 961 kg/ha/year in 200708 to 1280 kg/ha/year in 2016-17; it is still far below the national average of 2900 kg/ha/annum. In addition to that the per capita fish availability in the state is only about 6 kg at present which is also lower compared with other neighbouring states like Assam (9.35 kg), Manipur (10.95 kg) and Tripura (17.30 kg). The state falls short of about 25% of fish seed against the total requirement of about 41 million seed. Carps are predominantly cultured though the state has vast diversity of about 160 fish species. The state has an ample scope for fisheries development through horizontal expansion as 17,500 ha area is available aiming at a higher productivity and diversification of species. Kolasib and Mamit are the districts, with maximum plain lands which dominate in all aspects of fisheries in the state and has potential to play the lead role in state's mission of achieving self-sufficiency.


Propfan propulsion on business aircraft was evaluated. Comparisons, in terms of cost and performance, were made between propfan propulsion systems and conventional turbofan propulsion systems on a typical business aircraft. In addition, configuration and cost sensitivity studies were conducted to further assess the potential of propfan propulsion.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the human sensory information processing of fine-surface textures in three psychophysical experiments. We measured difference thresholds of fine step-height discrimination. These values are important in examining the sensitivity of human mechanoreceptive units. To begin with, we developed a computer-controlled measurement system to present fine step-heights of 0 to 30 /spl mu/m to five human subjects. To obtain the thresholds efficiently, the subjects distinguished between two step-heights presented in a PEST (parameter estimation by sequential testing) trial sequence. In Experiment A, the subjects actively touched the step-heights (active-touch). In Experiment B, they passively touched the step-heights that were driven linearly by an X-table with cyclic movement (passive-touch). In Experiment C they actively touched the step-heights cooled to 15/spl deg/C. The result shows that the thresholds in the active-touch experiment agreed almost with those in the passive-touch experiment. Also, the distinctive sensitivity did not decline even if the step-heights were cooled at 15/spl deg/C.


Alexander Reid was one of the most influential art dealers of his time. A close friend of Whistler and the Van Gogh brothers, he was the first British dealer to take a serious interest in Impressionist art. He was also a contemporary of the Glasgow Boys and supported emerging artists such as Henry, Hornel and Crawhall as well as the Scottish Colourists. His clients were rich Scottish merchants and industrialists who made their fortunes on the back of Scotland's rapid economic development, and whom he persuaded to buy Impressionism well in advance of their English contemporaries. In this first biography devoted to an unsung hero of the British art world, Frances Fowle traces the history of Reid's Gallery against the background of a fascinating period of economic boom and bust.


(57) ABSTRACT An intelligent administration system for paying electricity (73) Assignee: HUSSEWA TELECOM CO.,LTD., bills mainly includes a monitoring device for monitoring the aipei (TW) actual meter readings that indicate the electricity consump tion of an electricity consuming system and a management platform connected to the monitoring device via a network (21) Appl. No.: 13/344,053 system. Accordingly, the intelligent administration system for paying electricity bills of the present invention allows (22) Filed: Jan. 5, 2012 real-time monitoring of the electricity consuming system, provides remote value-adding and payments, and allows the (30) Foreign Application Priority Data administrator to adjust electricity charging standard accord ing to the fluctuations in tariff, achieving a fair payment Sep. 14, 2011 (TW) ................................. 10


Based on contemporary perspectives regarding the role that group identification can play in sustaining control motives, we propose that being a member of a stable organization-one experienced as predictable and consistent rather than fragile or in flux-can maintain individuals' sense of control. Four studies test this prediction (two correlational and two experimental) using diverse samples of working adults. We observe that high social identification with a stable (as compared to relatively unstable) organization is associated with an increased generalized sense of personal efficacy (Study 1 and Study 2). Further, perceived organizational stability moderates the extent to which those who recently experienced a threat to personal control-and are thereby motivated to reestablish feelings of control-seek increased organizational identification (Study 3 and Study 4). Findings suggest that membership in a stable organization can provide a psychological buffer against threats to personal control encountered in...


The impartiality and reliability of evaluation, as well as the high time and expense demands, make it impossible to conduct a manual examination of infrastructure issues such as building fractures. For airborne images of damage, use unmanned aerial vehicles. Artificial intelligence and machine learning methods may help overcome the limits of many computer vision-based approaches to crack detection. But these hybrid approaches have their own limitations that can be solved. Images with damage may be more accurately detected using modified convolutional neural networks (MCNNs), which are less affected by picture noise. For fracture identification and damage assessment in civil infrastructures, a Modified Deep CNN Model (MDCNN) has been deployed. The 16-layer convolutional architecture and the Support Vector Machine are used in this design. The last layer of the CNN networks is replaced with SVM. Rather of relying on a single layer, we suggest a multi-layered network instead. Their abilities in identifying objects and putting them into categories are quite reliable. A further great benefit of MDCNNs is their ability to share the burden. When compared to a standard neural network, proposed method use significantly less processing power.


This paper presents 1-bit hybrid full adder cells circuit scheme that high speed and low power consumption. This Full adder cells circuit is designed utilization of XOR gate, XNOR gate, pass logic gate and transmission gate. Result of simulation by HSPICE program based on 16 nm CMOS technology with 0.9V power supply voltage and maximum frequency at 8GHz.


As COVID-19 continues to influence the ways in which academic libraries serve faculty and students, so too does it impact the internal communications, planning, and processes of library teams. As libraries adapt to fully remote or hybrid staffing arrangements, meetings have shifted to platforms such as Zoom, WebEx, and Microsoft Teams. Flexible work arrangements, in which some staff may be onsite while others are dispersed, are likely to persist even as campuses return to more face-to-face operations. Leading effective meetings in person is a learned skill, one that can be adapted to the remote environment with some help from best practices in digital pedagogy and, in particular, the principles of backward design. These best practices can improve meeting productivity, encourage interaction, and increase inclusion for colleagues in satellite locations.


Some properties of lysozyme activities of the skin mucus extract, serum and kidney extract in eel Anguilla japonica were examined. Lysozyme activity was measured by the turbidimetric method using acetone-ether dried cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus as substrate. The optimum pH and temperature for the lysozyme activity of skin mucus extract were pH 6 and 30°C whereas those of serum and kidney extract were pH 8 and 50°C. Lysozyme activities of samples after heating in an acidic buffer (pH 4) were relatively stable but those in neutral (pH 7) or alkaline buffers (pH 9) were liable to be inactivated. The activities were inactivated by addition of chitin and bentonite, and inhibited by incubation with 1mM EDTA and iodine.


We discuss the basic definitions and existing conclusion about periodicity of the twin Fibonacci sequence in this paper. The upper bound of the twin Fibonacci sequence and the least period of 3-dimensional Arnold transformation mod N are respectively 6.269N2 and 3.134N2, which is similar to two existing references. Moreover, many important properties are gained, which provide new thought for study on the period of higher-dimensional Arnold transformation and the necessary mathematical reference of image coding and processing.


Based on the assumption that excess prostaglandins (PGS) of E type (vasodilators and inhibitors of platelet aggregation) may be involved in excessive bleeding due to IUDs, PG synthetase inhibitors were administered to evaluate this hypothesis's validity. In addition, the role of PGs and its inhibitors on dysfunctional uterine bleeding was also studied. In the IUD-induced bleeding study patients were divided into 2 subgroups. Subgroup 1 included patients with menorrhagia caused by IUDs; 50 women were treated with oral indomethacin and 25 subjects were given placebo on the same schedule. In Subgroup 2, fewer cases were selected, double-blindly, and 3 different PG inhibitors were tested in a cross-over manner. Menstrual blood loss (MBL) was measured. 2 subgroups were also used in the dysfunctional uterine bleeding study, the first of which received intravenous infusions of PGF2 alpha or 15-methyl F2 alpha for 6 hours and the second of which was treated with oral indomethacin (25 mg tds) for 5 days. MBL was measured and compared to the subject's period before treatment. Results from the IUD bleeding studies showed that regardless of the method of evaluation or the drug used, administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) induced drastic reductions in MBL (subjective evaluation showed 92% success with indomethacin). Quantitative MBL measurement also verified the consistent and significant reduction in MBL under treatment. Oral NSAID in cases of dysfunctional bleeding was associated with marked decrease in MBL also. However, histologic changes were observed in endometrial vessels, notably thickening of subendothelial connective tissue and prominent endothelial cells. Intravenous infusions also reduced MBL but not as significantly as oral administration. And fibrin deposition was marked after intravenous treatment.


Wireless communications systems provide channel state information (CSI), which can be used to characterize the physical propagation environment. The small physiological motion of human subjects in that environment, such as that associated with respiration, can modulate the CSI, thus allowing wireless physiological sensing through which a communications system detects and monitors cardiopulmonary motion. NextG millimeter-wave communications systems present even greater opportunities for wireless physiological sensing due to the advantages of small wavelength and high directionality. But challenges also arise due to the multipath effect and phase aliasing caused by larger-than-wavelength motion displacement. This work introduces a comprehensive mathematical CSI model to accurately characterize physiological motion captured by the amplitude and phase of the CSI of a millimeter-wave communications system. The model allows for the interpretation of intricate CSI pattern variations to avoid aliasing error and has been validated with experiments involving both parametric measures conducted with a robotic mover and respiration rate measurements for human subjects. In all cases, rate measurements could be consistently resolved within 10%, or 0.02 Hz, demonstrating the potential for incorporating physiological sensing in NextG millimeter-wave communications systems.


The presence of mycorrhizae can reduce the level of poisoning caused by heavy metals in post-mining land and support plant growth. Post-mining land is generally only a few types of mycorrhizae that can adapt, especially post-mining land. This research was conducted to determine the presence, types and distribution of mycorrhizae as well as the relationship between soil depth and mycorrhizal distribution and soil chemical properties at various depths in the rhizosphere of bull grass as the dominant vegetation in post-coal mining land. The results showed that there were arbuscular mycorrhizae at each soil depth with different population density levels, namely 273 spores 100 g-1 soil at a depth of 0 - 10 cm (K10); 239 spores 100 g-1 soil at a depth of 10 – 20 cm (K20) and 155 spores 100 g-1 soil at a depth of 20 – 30 cm (K30). The arbuscular mycorrhizae found at all soil depths are of the same type, which is included in the genus Glomus. Soil depth with the number of arbuscular mycorrhizal distribution (r count -0.7754> r table -0.4973) has a very strong relationship and with soil pH (r count -0.6309> r table -0.4973) has a strong relationship. The number of distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizae with soil pH (r count 0.5943> r table 0.4973) has a strong relationship


Effects of about ninety oligopeptides, containing L-Phe, L-Tyr, L-Trp, L-His and L-Met, on the excitability of two identifiable giant neurones (the PON, periodically oscillating neurone ; and the TAN, tonically autoactive neurone) of Achatine fulica Férussac were examined. Three oligopeptides, L-Lys-L-Phe-L-Tyr, L-Phe-L-Tyr and L-Phe-L-Trp, showed an inhibitory effect on the PON. However, this effect on the PON was weaker than that of the same three peptides on the TAN. [The latter has been reported in previous papers (1 to 3)]. Besides the three oligopeptides mentioned, four peptides, L-Phe-L-Phe, L-Phe-L-Phe-L-Phe, L-Tyr-L-Tyr and L-Tyr-L-Tyr-LTyr, still showed a weak inhibitory effect on the TAN in a high concentration.