Purpose: To evaluate the safety of posterior subtenon's injection of triamcinolone acetonide (PSTA) after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (IVTA). Methods: We reviewed the charts of 34 patients who had previously treated with IVTA. Patients were categorized as steroid responder or non-responder. Responders were defined as having a relative intraocular pressure increase of 5 mmHg and absolute intraocular pressure greater than 24 mmHg. Relative risk of intraocular pressure was prospectively evaluated after PSTA. Result: Eighteen eyes were categorized as steroid responders after IVTA injection and sixteen eyes were categorized as non-responders. For the actual amount of increase in the intraocular pressures, the steroid responder group (39%) was shown to be statistically higher than the non-responder group (6%) (P=0.044). However, the mean pressure values did not show a significant difference (P>0.05). Only one eye required the use of glaucoma medications and the intraocular pressure remained normal after treatment. Conclusions: PSTA is a relatively safe treatment method after IVTA injection regardless of steroid responsiveness.


Both the disciplines of design and statistics have promoted projects and research with clear objectives in their field, but for the other discipline, they have been difficult or challenging to fully understand.

In design, there are a large number of projects that provoke a reaction in spectators or users as they have a spectacular scope and impact, but at a statistical level, their results add little value. On the other hand, in some of the models and applications that are often used in statistics, the requirements are highly complex and numerous. This makes it difficult to put theory into practice since experiences or experiments that are so complex and difficult to manage cannot be carried out. In addition, the subsequent reporting process for non-experts is difficult to understand due to a large amount of information as well as on poorly designed presentations at times.

After understanding the limitations that the two disciplines face, their ability to work together and turn one another's weaknesses into a more complete and holistic solution is evident. Kansei engineering is also a good example since it is a complex design tool, and the only way to advance it incorporating the use of data is through collaboration between designers and statisticians. In this paper, the Data Collection Toolkit is presented as a result of applying Kansei Engineering to unite these two disciplines including some methodologies, resources, and tools for designers for each step.


This paper presents a sliding-mode control (SMC) design for the tele-robotic neurosurgical system. The proposed tele-robotic neurosurgical system with force, video, and voice feedback is introduced first, which can be tele-operated over the Internet. However, delay on the Internet may cause the proposed system unstable. It is a critical issue to deal with time delay in the proposed system. Based on an uncertain delayed stochastic model of the proposed system, the SMC is employed. In this paper, both constant and varying time delay are considered. The sliding surface was designed to maximize the calculable set of admissible delays. By defining Lyapunov--Krasovskii functions, the conditions for the existence of the sliding regime were studied. In addition, linear matrix inequalities were employed for the optimization procedure. Finally, results of simulation proved feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.


Purpose To detect inhA genetic mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates, therefore to get full mutation information. Methods A total of 48 isolates of M. tuberculosis, including 23 drug-resistant MTB isolates were collected. Their genome DNA were extracted, the targets gene were gained by PCR, the products were purified and digested with restriction endonuclease Hae Ⅱ. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method was used to detect mutations in these isolates. DNA analysis was used to identify mutant sequences when conformation change was found. Results No inhA mutation has been identified in isoniazid- susceptible isolates while conformation changes were found in five isoniazid-resistant isolates. The mutation rate was 21. 8% in isoni-azid-resistant isolates. New missense mutation included A26E, R27K, V28A, Q32A, L54V and S72T. Conclusions PCR-SSCP digesting with restriction endonuclease Hae Ⅱ technique is available for detecting inhA genetic mutations in MTB isolates. It also proves that mutations of inhA gene are diversiform.


Sociocultural theories have been discussed in this research in the context of children's learning and development among young English language learners in early childhood settings. A range of sociocultural perspectives drawn for the research includes (i) meaning and object in the context of contextualisation and (ii) roles and rules in the appropriation of sociocultural practice. Introduction Sociocultural theories describe learning and development as being embedded within social events and occurring as a learner interacts with other people, objects, and events in the collaborative environment (Vygotsky, 1978). Learning and development are two different processes that are related to each other in a complex manner (Bodrova & Leong, 2002). Vygotsky (1978) argued that "learning is not development; however, properly organized learning results in mental development and sets in motion a variety of developmental processes that would be impossible apart from learning (p. 9)". Vygotsky addressed one of the most fundamental concerns, the relationship between learning and teaching within a learner's cognitive development. From Vygotsky's perspective, cognitive, social, and affective development take place through teaching and learning processes. Vygotsky (1978) argued that social contexts influence the way a person thinks. Sociocultural theories illuminate the point that learning and environment cannot be separated from their social context as the context influences how and what children think (Vygotsky, 1978). The child's attempts to learn and society's attempt to teach through parents, teachers and peers all contribute to the way a child mind's work (Bodrova & Leong, 2007). Bodrova and Leong (2007) illustrated this by suggesting that the meanings of concepts change as they are linked with their social contexts. For example, 'kindergarten' is not simply a physical structure but also a place where children learn while they play with their friends and interact with their teachers. Thus, social context moulds the learning process and is part of the developmental process. Within sociocultural theories, Vygotsky (1967, 1978) identified play as the leading activity, with particularly fundamental implications for understanding learning and development in early childhood education. Vygotsky (1967) argued that during the early childhood period, "the child moves forward essentially through play activity" (p. 16). Play is regarded as "the leading source of development" (p. 6) in early childhood education. According to Vygotsky, play leads to International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development 2017, Vol. 6, No. 4 ISSN: 2226-6348 213 www.hrmars.com/journals learning and development in two main ways. First, play with a substitute object constitutes a significant step in the development of semiotic mediation, although play is not itself a fullydeveloped symbolic activity. Second, sociodramatic play involves the active appropriation of sociocultural rules of activity, having a profound influence on cognitive and personality development (Duncan & Taruli, 2003). Vygotsky (1967) claimed that play becomes the leading form of activity around the age of three years, when the child begins to experience new kinds of desire that cannot be addressed directly. Before this age, "immediately unrealisable desires" of this kind are of limited importance and "the child tends to gratify his desires immediately" (Vygotsky, 1967, p. 7). The child's inability to perform real adult activities and carry out adult roles, as he or she wishes, results in a dialectical tension which is resolved through play activity (Vygotsky, 1967, 1978). According to Vygotsky (1978), play seems to be invented "at the point when the child begins to experience unrealisable tendencies" (p. 93) leading to the creation of "an imaginary, illusory world in which the unrealisable desires cannot be realised" (p. 93). In Vygotsky's view, development of new desires of this kind is the driving force behind the emergence of play for children (Duncan & Taruli, 2003). Meaning and object: Decontextualisation Vygotsky (1967, 1978) claimed that play with objects in imaginary situations constituted a significant step in the development of symbolism, although this particular play is not itself true symbolic activity because it does not involve full decontextualisation of meaning. In playing with a substitute object, the child separates meaning from its actual object and establishes it in the substitute object, which functions as a concrete mediator (Duncan & Taruli, 2003). In play involving an imaginary situation, "the child begins to act independently of what he sees" (Vygotsky, 1978, p. 97), and "operates its meaning detached from their usual objects or actions" (p. 98). The child performs specific representational actions with the substitute play object that are consistent with its meaning in the play context, despite the fact that the object is not the real thing (Vygotsky, 1978). For example, when the child uses a stick to represent a sword or a gun, he/she pretends to be a warrior or a policeman. As a result of this significance of meaning, objects "lose their determining force" (Vygotsky, 1978, p. 96) in the context of play activity. The "child learns to act in cognitive, rather than externally visible realm, relying on internal tendencies and motives, and not on incentives supplied by external things" (Vygotsky, 1967, p. 11). In this way, the child's motivational and cognitive processes slowly progress in the direction of decontextualisation (Duncan & Taruli, 2003). Finally, the child's thinking "is separated from objects and action arises from ideas rather than from things" (Vygotsky, 1978, p. 97). Through play with substitute objects children, to some extent, free themselves from situational constraints of the real physical context, enabling the indirect satisfaction of unrealisable desires through pretense (Duncan & Taruli, 2003). Play is an important step in the development of semiotic mediation and abstraction of meaning (Vygotsky, 1978). However, decontextualisation of meaning becomes a challenging problem for children around the age of three years (Vygotsky, 1967). Meaning is only partially International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development 2017, Vol. 6, No. 4 ISSN: 2226-6348 214 www.hrmars.com/journals decontextualised in children's play, and objects cannot freely substitute for one another in an interchangeable way. It is this "lack of free substitution" (Vygotsky, 1978, p. 98) which shapes the basis for Vygotsky's position that the use of a substitute object is not true symbolism. Although meaning is partially decontextualised in play and thus the children's use of substitute objects does not constitute true symbolism, play has an enormous role in the appropriative development of semiotic mediation. Roles and rules: Appropriation of sociocultural practice Vygotsky's analysis of play and its developmental changes emphasises the importance of rules in the imaginary situation (Duncan & Taruli, 2003). Early sociodramatic play is a foundation for the development of games with rules. These rules become explicit and the children must follow the rules in order for the play to be satisfying. Thus, the child playing the role of a teacher must follow the rules of teaching behaviour. Vygotsky (1978) discussed the example of two sisters who were asked to play sisters. In so doing, the pair acted in ways that emphasise the rules governing relationships between sisters. Vygotsky (1978) argued that "as a result of playing, the child comes to understand that sisters possess a different relationship to each other than to other people" (p. 95). Performing the role in the context of play activity "induces them to both acquire rules of behaviour" (p. 95) in order to display the specific characteristics of the role. In this way, "what passes unnoticed by the child in real life becomes a rule of behaviour in play" (p. 95). Subordinating his or her behaviour to specific role-related rules increases the child's explicit, conscious awareness of these rules (Duncan & Taruli, 2003). Vygotsky (1978) claimed that a child first becomes able to subordinate her behaviour to rules in group play and only later does voluntary self-regulation of behaviour arise as an internal function. Vygotsky (1978) argued there are rules in play but the rules are not formulated in advance and change during the course of a game. According to Vygotsky (1978) "every game with rules contains an imaginary situation in a concealed form" (p. 95), in a subordinate, implicit form. It is interesting to note paradoxes of play highlighted by sociocultural theories. Vygotsky (1978) noted that a child adopts the line of least resistance because she does what she feels like doing because play is connected with pleasure. At the same time, she learns to follow the line of greatest resistance by subordinating herself to rules and thereby renouncing what she wants. Vygotsky (1978) claimed that subjection to rules and renunciation of spontaneous action lead to maximum pleasure of play. However, play continually creates demands on the child to act against immediate impulse (Vygotsky, 1978). The child is always faced with a conflict between the rules of the game and what she would do if she could act spontaneously (Vygotsky, 1978). Vygotsky (1978) emphasised that the child's greatest self-control occurs in play. Hence, the essential characteristic of play is a rule that has become a desire (Vygotsky, 1978). International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development 2017, Vol. 6, No. 4 ISSN: 2226-6348 215 www.hrmars.com/journals Conclusion Vygotsky (1967, 1978) emphasised play as the context of children's learning and development. Therefore, it is important for the teachers and parents to carefully plan the learning and development context for young children to


19 The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a fundamental role in fermenting grape juice to 20 wine. During alcoholic fermentation its catabolic activity converts sugars (which in grape 21 juice are a near equal ratio of glucose and fructose) and other grape compounds into ethanol, 22 carbon dioxide and sensorily important metabolites. However, S. cerevisiae typically utilises 23 glucose and fructose with different efficiency: glucose is preferred and is consumed at a 24 higher rate than fructose. This results in an increasing difference between the concentrations 25 of glucose and fructose during fermentation. In this study 20 commercially available strains 26 were investigated to determine their relative abilities to utilise glucose and fructose. 27 Parameters measured included fermentation duration and the kinetics of utilisation of fructose 28 when supplied as sole carbon source or in an equimolar mix with glucose. The data were then 29 analysed using mathematical calculations in an effort to identify fermentation attributes 30 which were indicative of overall fructose utilisation and fermentation performance. 31 Fermentation durations ranged from 74.6 to over 150 hours with clear differences in the 32 degree to which glucose utilisation was preferential. Given this variability we sought to gain 33 a more holistic indication of strain performance that was independent of fermentation rate 34 and therefore utilize the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fermentation of individual or 35 combined sugars. In this way it was possible to rank the 20 strains for their ability to consume 36 fructose relatively to glucose. Moreover, it was shown that fermentations performed in media 37 containing fructose as sole carbon source did not predict the fructophilicity of strains in wine 38 like conditions (equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose). This work provides important 39 information for programs which seek to generate strains that are faster or more reliable 40


Tunneling at 928-2 stratifi ed face appeared the unusual gas gush phenomenon, by study,finde its source and effect factors and provide the relative countermeasures.


The strategy focused on strengthening rigorous teacher preparation that is relevant to the unique needs and contexts of local public school districts. It therefore featured support for partnerships between CSU colleges and schools of education and school districts in their respective geographies. The majority of grant dollars were allocated to colleges or schools of education on CSU campuses; these lead grantees were in turn required to engage school districts in collaborative improvement efforts and to provide funds to districts to support these efforts.


Social media are recognized as important outlets for youth political expression, yet the affordances of different platforms may shape the forms and styles of expression that young people deploy. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the ways social media affordances shape youth voice, this article examines young people's political expression on the popular app musical.ly in the context of the 2016 US presidential election. Employing quantitative and qualitative content analysis on 1651 youth-created videos, we examine how young people use platform affordances, political hashtags, and memetic dimensions to convey a range of expressive political practices. In particular, through the analysis of content, form, and stance, our research illuminates how social media afford collective political expression for youth, by allowing them to deliberately connect to an assumed like-minded audience with similar beliefs through the use of shared symbolic resources.


The purpose of this study is to find out how (1) the steps of continuous professional development (CPD) of teachers, (2) the methods and techniques of CPD, (3) the models of CPD, (4) the financing of CPD, and (5) the constraints of CPD. The research approach is qualitative while the type is phenomenological. The study was conducted in Demak Regency in 2019. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The research step uses the Miles and Huberman model. Analysis of data using qualitative research software NVivo 11 Plus. The results showed (1) the implementation of CPD was not effective because there was no needs assessment and no evaluation, (2) the most widely used methods were education and training, lectures, simulations, discussions, and behavior modeling, (3) the most widely used model is the professional learning group in the form of teacher's working group called KKG and MGMP, (4) the biggest source of funding is from personal teachers and local governments, and (5) the main constraints are in terms of time, funding, lack of programming, and lack of assistance. The most widely given material in CPD is scientific papers, classroom action research, the 2013 curriculum implementation, and the preparation of learning tools. In order to improve the quality of education in Demak Regency, it is suggested that several things (1) CPD steps need to be improved starting from the measurement of teacher needs to evaluation, (2) methods and techniques that are still rarely used should be tried to be applied, (3) models that not yet widely used it also needs to be tried for use, (4) it needs to extract funds from the public, and (5) minimize the major obstacles that arise.


Recent studies have proved that the galvanic cell model is valid in the sulphation of marbles just as in the uniform corrosion of metals. Thus the mechanisms are similar. Anticorrosion paints for metal protection could therefore be applicable to marbles. Results of experiments with various products are reported and discussed. New types of anticorrosive paints with a polymeric vehicle and n-semiconductor pigments (epoxy-30% al2O3 or fe2O3 and acrylic-50% al203) proved to be suitable for marble protection. Coal tar expoxy - though effective - is not applicable because of its colour. Bibliography (19 entries). Graphs.


..................................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................. ix GLOSSARY OF TERMS ....................................................................................................................... x INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. xii CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Geographic and Demographic Profile of the Northern Region ............................................ 1 1.2 Economic, Social and Cultural Characteristics of the Northern Region ................................ 1 1.3 Maternal and Child Health in Ghana ..................................................................................... 2 1.3.1 Child Health .................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Maternal Health.............................................................................................................. 2 1.5 The Health System of Ghana ................................................................................................. 3 1.5.1 Leadership and Governance ........................................................................................... 3 1.5.2 Service Delivery .............................................................................................................. 3 A. Community level .............................................................................................................. 3 B. Sub-district Facilities ........................................................................................................ 4 C. District Hospitals .............................................................................................................. 4 D. Regional and Teaching Hospitals...................................................................................... 4 1.5.3 Key Health Workforce .................................................................................................... 5 1.5.4 Healthcare Financing in Ghana ....................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO: PROBLEM STATEMENT, JUSTIFICATION, OBJECTIVES AND METHODS ................ 7 2.1 Problem Statement ............................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Justification ........................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Objectives of Study................................................................................................................ 8 2.3.1 General Objective ........................................................................................................... 8 2.3.2 Specific Objective ........................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Methods ................................................................................................................................ 9


The present invention relates to a method of extruding a wet mixture of tobacco particles and binder-containing molding composition containing smoke, due to the generation of steam within the mixture during extrusion is foamed, characterized in that at least a portion of the first major adhesive pre-mixed with water and hydrated, and then mixing this pre-hydrated binder and tobacco particles.


To improve the repetition and veracity of the BaSO4 turbidimetric method in the detection of sulfur,wavelength of source,dosage of 50 mg/g polyvinyl ethanol solution,ethanol and pH were discussed.Optimum condition was determined as follows:pH of the system was 1.0,2.0 mL of 50 mg/g polyvinyl alcohol solution and 3.0 mL ethanol was used to insure the formation of steady dispersing system.RSD of the method was 0.48 % with n=6.The above method was employed to detect the sulfur content in expanded graphite sample,and the result was satisfying.


Since the establishment of the electronic major in vocational colleges in 2000,every school is launching the exploration on how todevelop the real training teaching,yet there still remains such problems as neglecting the cultivation of the students' commerce ideas,notstressing the characteristics of the major and being unable to arrange the practice for the graduated students and so on.Based on the experi-ence of the real training of the electronic commerce major in other vocational colleges and the practical condition of Huzhou Vocational andTechnological College,on the author's opinion,the real training of the electronic commerce major can be implemented by dividing it intothree periods:training of basic skills,training of specialized skills and comprehensive training.


Authors report a case of Horner's syndrome, associated with symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia and image of vertebral mega-dolicho-artery. Etio-pathogenic hypothesises are discussed.


In image reconstruction by the method of convex projections an image vector is successively projected on to subsets defined by various items of prior information and by the measured data. Some of these operators are quite complex and can exhibit numerical instability caused by partial redundancy of the information. We illustrate this, and the application of inverse theory to the method of convex projections, by deriving an operator for projecting on to the subset defined by the measured data and analysing its stability. We show that, with pixel basis functions, nearest-neighbour interpolation with averaging leads to a simple but exact implementation of the stabilized operator. We use this to derive an approximation for some other basis functions.


The face of rural Russia has gradually but irreversibly been altered in the last four years with the abandon ment of collective agriculture. Smaller farms, often joint-stock enterprises rather than private family farms, and the easing of restrictions on the sale of agricultural output on the free market, have paved the way for fundamental agrarian reform grounded in higher productivity and efficiency. The current wave of agrarian reform bites deeper into the humus of agricultural production and rustic life than anything attempted since private farming was buried in the debris of the New Economic Policy, almost seven decades ago. This essay will focus on the decollectivisation, or privatisation, of Russian agriculture, by tracing its phases and outlining its dimensions. For the first time since the NEP, Russian agrarian reform has been transcendental in that the realisation of its objectives has gone beyond measures to improve output, productivity, prices and in comes within a collectivised agriculture. Recent reform is purpor tedly revolutionary, since it is based on the creation of private property in land and private markets for the entirety of agricultural produce. Collective agriculture was predicated upon a state monopoly on land, and the primary purchase claim of state agen cies on all marketed agricultural products. One Presidential decree, in October last year, gave all Russian citizens the right to own land as a private asset like any other, in that it could be traded, leased or mortgaged. Another decree, in December, allowed producers to sell their output to the buyer offering the best price. Official stocks of products like grain and oil-seeds will now be purchased at market prices, on markets freed of all administrative barriers, by agencies that will themselves have to be privatised by April.1 The collectivisation of Soviet agriculture was one of the most ambitious and flawed exercises in social engineering ever con


This chapter describes CAD techniques capable of synthesising Fast Discrete Cosine Transform (FDCT) Blocks from behavioural, or algorithmic, specifications. We introduce SAVAGE (a Simulated Annealing based VLSI Architecture GEnerator), a software tool developed under the auspices of the Silicon Architectures Research Initiative (S ARI(Grant, 1990)) hosted at the University of Edinburgh. SAVAGE is capable of taking a data-flow description of an input algorithm, and applying a number of synthesis steps, or transformations, to produce a hardware netlist of a datapath. The netlist description is then passed to logic synthesis and layout tools to complete the route to silicon. These application specific synthesis steps are controlled by the computational technique known as simulated annealing. This chapter reviews the design process, from the initial high-level description of the FDCT, through the various synthesis transformations, and presents a set of test results illustrating the flexibility of the SAVAGE software. Finally, some extensions to the prototype SAVAGE system are described.


In this paper, numerical solution of Fractional Differential–Algebraic Equations (FDAEs) is studied. Firstly Fractional Differential–Algebraic Equations (FDAEs) have been converted to power series and then numerical solution of Fractional Differential–Algebraic Equations (FDAEs) is obtained


ln thzs paper we compare the relative computzng power of IiIultibutterfly networks to Butterj%es and Butterfly-related machmes. The comparisons are made using efic~ent szmula tzons. The notaon ZS that machznes of comparable computational power shozdd be able to efficiently stmulate each other wtth only a constant tncrease in execut~on t~me, whzle a machzne of lesser power wzll be unable to efficiently simulate a more powerful machine without a substantial increase in computation time. One of the most surpris~ng results zs the apparently wade disparzty zn computmg power between Butterj%es and Multibutterf7ies. We show that the largest Butterfly, or Butte rfly-derzved machine that can efficiently szm uiate a P-processor Mult~butterfly has fewer than (9 ( P') processors for all constants ~ >0.


1. The water requirements of broilers in a hot, humid tropical environment were measured and the effects of four forms of water restriction were investigated over 9 weeks. 2. Voluntary water intake was 10 1 over 9 weeks, about 4.3 1 being consumed during the last 2 weeks. 3. Various degrees and methods of water restriction adversely affected body weight and food conversion throughout the growing period. Food intake was depressed only during the last 4 weeks. High mortality in the restricted birds was due mainly to drowning and heat stress.


The classical Shewhart c-chart and p-chart which are constructed based on the Poisson and binomial distributions are inappropriate in monitoring zero-inflated counts. They tend to underestimate the dispersion of zero-inflated counts and subsequently lead to higher false alarm rate in detecting out-of-control signals. Another drawback of these charts is that their 3-sigma control limits, evaluated based on the asymptotic normality assumption of the attribute counts, have a systematic negative bias in their coverage probability. We recommend that the zero-inflated models which account for the excess number of zeros should first be fitted to the zero-inflated Poisson and binomial counts. The Poisson parameter λ estimated from a zero-inflated Poisson model is then used to construct a one-sided c-chart with its upper control limit constructed based on the Jeffreys prior interval that provides good coverage probability for λ. Similarly, the binomial parameter p estimated from a zero-inflated binomial model is used to construct a one-sided np-chart with its upper control limit constructed based on the Jeffreys prior interval or Blyth–Still interval of the binomial proportion p. A simple two-of-two control rule is also recommended to improve further on the performance of these two proposed charts.


Early diverging brachyceran fly lineages underwent a rapid radiation approximately 180 Ma, coincident in part with the origin of flowering plants. This region of the fly tree includes 25 000 described extant species with diverse ecological roles such as blood‐feeding (haematophagy), parasitoidism, predation, pollination and wood‐feeding (xylophagy). Early diverging brachyceran lineages were once considered a monophyletic group of families called Orthorrhapha, based on the shared character of a longitudinal break in the pupal skin made during the emergence of the adult. Yet other morphological and molecular evidence generally supports a paraphyletic arrangement of 'Orthorrhapha', with strong support for one orthorrhaphan lineage – dance flies and relatives – as the closest relative to all higher flies (Cyclorrhapha), together called Eremoneura. In order to establish a comprehensive estimate of the relationships among orthorrhaphan lineages using a thorough sample of publicly available data, we compiled and analysed a dataset including 1217 taxa representing major lineages and 20 molecular markers. Our analyses suggest that 'Orthorrhapha' excluding Eremoneura is not monophyletic; instead, we recover two main lineages of early brachyceran flies: Homeodactyla and Heterodactyla. Homeodactyla includes Nemestrinoidea (uniting two parasitic families Acroceridae + Nemestrinidae) as the closest relatives to the large SXT clade, comprising Stratiomyomorpha, Xylophagidae and Tabanomorpha. Heterodactyla includes Bombyliidae with a monophyletic Asiloidea (exclusive of Bombyliidae) as the closest relatives to Eremoneura. Reducing missing data, modifying the distribution of genes across taxa, and, in particular, removing rogue taxa significantly improved tree resolution and statistical support. Although our analyses rely on dense taxonomic sampling and substantial gene coverage, our results pinpoint the limited resolving power of Sanger sequencing‐era molecular phylogenetic datasets with respect to ancient, hyperdiverse radiations.


A counter spark chamber experiment was done in the AGS 23- GeV/c charged hyperon beam to study $lambda$$sup 0$ inclusive production in reactions of $Sigma$$sup -$ on Al, Cu, W, and Pb. Preliminary results are reported on the missing mass spectra in the reaction $Sigma$$sup -$ + Nucleon $Yields$ $lambda$$sup 0$ + M$sup 2$/sub x/. The data are compared with the relevant triple Regge formalism. (auth)


Researching of the Changsha wetland type structure and distribution,water resources and biological resources in Changsha wetlands in the paper.Urban wetlands including permanent rivers,freshwater lakes,herbaceous swamps,reservoirs,dam building,hydropower dams,of fresh water aquaculture ponds,farm ponds,a small sink,wastewater treatment facilities,urban landscape of water and irrigation water surface,the entertainment channel,Canal.The Changsha Municipal Wetland ecosystems not only to Changsha area offers a wide range of production of domestic water and animal and plant products and other resources,also a lot of important wildlife habitat,wetland for rare and endangered species preservation and continuation of irreplaceable value.


A number of numeric approaches to simulate Poisson point processes with arbitrary event rates are presented and implemented for R. They include the simulation of the number of points and their location as well as the determination of conditional probability densities and random numbers in cases where additional information (e.g. location of points or number of points occurring) is available upfront.


This application note describes two approaches for achieving robust, multiresidue pesticide analysis in 10 minutes by GC/MS/MS, while maintaining sufficient chromatographic resolution for the analysis of over 200 pesticides in spinach; a challenging high chlorophyll, fresh matrix. First, the conventional 15 × 15 m (0.25 mm × 0.25 µm) midcolumn backflush configuration was used with an accelerated oven ramp, yielding an analysis time of 10 minutes. Second, a minibore 10 × 10 m (0.18 mm × 0.18 µm) midcolumn backflush configuration was used, enabling a fast 10-minute analysis time. The latter method was precisely scaled using the Agilent GC method translation technique. It was shown that midcolumn backflushing enabled method robustness and extended maintenance-free operation of the system by minimizing column trimming and source cleaning. Results demonstrate that the Agilent 7000E and 7010C triple quadrupole GC/MS systems delivered excellent linearity over a concentration range of 0.1 to 1,000 parts per billion (ppb). Method robustness was shown with 700 consecutive injections of a spinach extract, spiked with pesticides at 20 ppb, that spanned over 175 hours of continuous running of the GC/TQ.


This work is devoted to the formulation of innovative SCADA-based methods for wind turbine performance analysis and interpretation. The work is organized as an academia–industry collaboration: three test cases are analyzed, two with hydraulic pitch control (Vestas V90 and V100) and one with electric pitch control (Senvion MM92). The investigation is based on the method of bins, on a polynomial regression applied to operation curves that have never been analyzed in detail in the literature before, and on correlation and causality analysis. A key point is the analysis of measurement channels related to the blade pitch control and to the rotor: pitch manifold pressure, pitch piston traveled distance and tower vibrations for the hydraulic pitch wind turbines, and blade pitch current for the electric pitch wind turbines. The main result of this study is that cases of noticeable under-performance are observed for the hydraulic pitch wind turbines, which are associated with pitch pressure decrease in time for one case and to suspected rotor unbalance for another case. On the other way round, the behavior of the rotational speed and blade pitch curves is homogeneous and stable for the wind turbines electrically controlled. Summarizing, the evidence collected in this work identifies the hydraulic pitch as a sensible component of the wind turbine that should be monitored cautiously because it is likely associated with performance decline with age.


In naturally acquired immunity to malaria, antibodies that reliably protect are only acquired after years of repeated Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) infections. We have shown in Mali that this inefficiency in humoral immunity to malaria is associated with a large expansion of CD21loCD27− 'atypical' MBCs. The function of atypical MBCs remains elusive, as they exhibit altered B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and when activated fail to secrete cytokines and antibodies. We set out to study whether atypical or classical B cells are recruited into the immune response to a febrile malaria infection: using Pf antigen probes, we characterized PfAMA1/PfMSP1-specific B cells in Malian children and adults (ages 2 to 36 years), at well-defined time points before, during and after a febrile malaria episode. Our preliminary analysis shows that Pf-specific atypical MBCs display signs of activation after a febrile malaria infection. Using antigen probes to track influenza hemagglutinin-specific B cells in the same individuals, we have gained insight into the relative role of Pf in driving atypical MBC expansion and have also compared the magnitude and kinetics of Pf-and influenza-specific atypical and classical MBC responses. We further show that classical Pf-specific IgG+MBCs are activated and expanded, but interestingly, that a large proportion of activated Pf-specific MBCs are unswitched, expressing surface IgM. Additionally, we have single cell sorted Pf- and influenza-specific MBCs to compare their BCR features (VH gene diversity and somatic hypermutation rates). This analysis provides important new insights into the mechanisms underlying the inefficient acquisition of naturally acquired immunity to malaria in children.


The correlation of structural electronic and mechanical properties of carbon–nickel composite thin films has been investigated. The films were deposited on oxidized silicon substrates by dc magnetron sputtering of Ni and C targets in argon at different temperatures between 25 and 800 °C. Composition variation was achieved by variation of the power of the Ni target with constant power on the C target. Structural investigations were performed by transmission electron microscopy (including high resolution) both in plan view and cross section. The nanocomposite films consisted of metallic nanocrystals embedded in a carbon matrix. The carbon matrix was disordered or graphite-like carbon; the crystalline phase consisted of Ni3C or Ni nanoparticles, depending on the deposition temperature. The temperature coefficient of resistivity measurements at low temperature confirmed the various structures of the carbon matrix. The samples in which the prevailing matrix was disordered carbon show the tunneling effect and samples with graphite-like carbon matrix show metallic behavior. The hardness of the films varies between 2 GPa (hardness of Ni) and 13 GPa depending on the deposition temperature, but is independent of the Ni content. The highest hardness of ∼11–13 GPa and modulus of elasticity of ∼120 GPa were obtained when the crystalline Ni3C nanoparticles were separated by a 2–3 nm thin carbon matrix consisting of amorphous and graphite-like carbon phases. In these films the hardness to modulus of elasticity ratio (H/E) is ∼0.1.


The EIT effect of the five-level atomic ensemble is studied by analyzing the atomic susceptibilities.The eigenstates of the interaction Hamiltonian shows that the Λ channel and the tripod channel share a common dark state,so that the quantum interference exists not only in each channel of lower-level ones,but also between the two different channels.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the case for evidence-based practice and its application to social work. Developments in evidence-based practice in the field of substance misuse treatment that are of particular interest to social workers, such as Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET), Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA), and Social Be havior and Network Therapy (SBNT) are described.


The paper introduces the theory of DDoS attacks and the demerits of traditional DDoS detection and defence systems,proposes a complete,active and effective DDoS defense model,and describes the mobile agent technologies,Honeypot and MVP.The model's mobile agent technology really and effectively realizes distributed intrusion detection.Honeypot realizes active defence,and induces the attacks to enter the Honeypot server,thus protects the real network environment.MVP separates the legal flow from the malignant flow.The model is easy to deploy and operate and has a very good engineering prospect.


Combined Heat and Power (CHP) generation units based on intermediate temperature (600∼800°C) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) modules have been collaboratively developed by Mitsubishi Materials Corporation and The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. Currently, hydrocarbon fuel utilising units designed to produce modular power outputs up to 10 kWe-AC with overall efficiencies greater than 80% (HHV) are being tested. A unique seal-less stack concept is adopted to build SOFC modules accommodating multiple stacks incorporated of stainless steel separators and disk-type planar electrolyte-supported cells. In order to advance the current technology to achieve improved levels of efficiency and reliability, through design iterations, computational modelling tools are being heavily utilised. This contribution will describe the results of coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis performed on our fourth-generation 1 kW class SOFC stack. A commercially available CFD code is employed for solving the governing equations for conservation of mass, momentum and energy. In addition, a local electrochemical reaction model is coupled to the rest of the transport processes that take place within the SOFC stack. It is found that the CFD based multi-physics model is capable of providing necessary and proper guidance for identifying problem areas in designing multi-cell SOFC stacks. The stack performance is also estimated by calibrating the computational model against data obtained by experimental measurements.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


: This study provides quantitative and qualitative conclusions on three presupposition triggers in Turkish which are from the temporal/aspectual modifier class. These triggers are the verbs bırakmak (to quit), durdurmak (to stop) and kesmek (to cut) which convey various different


The concept of green growth assumes centrality of socio-economic inclusiveness towards sustainable development in India. Inclusive green growth currently is a development strategy, which included both economic growth in addition to sustainable development. In India, for instance, growth in addition to development is said to have always existed a part of the planning process.The study makes a descriptive analysis based on the available data. It highlights the present status of India exists comparisons with other emerging countries. While acknowledging the importance of development strategies to adopt the principles of green economy in tune with stage of economic development, the study points out the critical gaps in addition to problems faced by India just as well as their possible solutions.


A heightening device (10) is arranged for heightening a short cup (3') under a beverage outlet (20) of a beverage preparation module (2) configured to dispense beverage into a tall cup (3). The device (10) comprises: a bottom (12) for resting on a support surface (5); a platform (14) that is supported by the bottom and that is configured for receiving said short cup (3') and heightening thereof over the bottom (12); and a means (15,16) for assembling the bottom and the platform as a unit (12, 14) to a corresponding assembling means (25, 26) of said beverage preparation module under said outlet. The assembling means (15, 16; 25, 26) of such device (10) and of the module (2) are disassemblable for separating the unit (12, 14) from the module and removing the unit from under such beverage outlet (20) to allow placement of the tall cup (3) on said support surface (5) under the outlet (20).


Abstract This article discusses the development and contributions of the black voluntary housing movement in the context of a broader review of trends within the housing association field. Material is drawn from a completed north of England study of black and minority ethnic housing organisations, and from research in hand on the responses of mainstream housing associations to minority ethnic needs. Particular attention is given to the role of mainstream associations in assisting emerging black‐led and minority ethnic housing organisations, and to the dependency encouraged by national financial regimes. Central government policies on funding after 1988 were having inhibiting and distorting affects on the activities of recently established and emergent minority ethnic housing organisations. Attempts were being made to offset this situation by efforts from the Housing Corporation at regional level and from some mainstream associations.


Although breast cancer during pregnancy (BCDP) is rare (occurring with only 0.4% of all BC diagnoses in female patients aged (16–49 years), management decisions are challenging to both the patient and the multidisciplinary team. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy can be safely initiated only in the second and third trimesters. The rate of congenital abnormalities in children exposed to chemotherapy is similar to the national average (approximately 3%). Dosing of chemotherapy should be similar to that in the nonpregnant patient (i.e., actual body surface area). Antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 therapy, radiation, and endocrine treatment are contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation. Care should include a partnership with obstetricians. To maximize benefit and minimize risk to the mother and fetus, an informed discussion with the patient and her medical team should result in an individualized treatment plan, taking into account the timing of the pregnancy and the stage and subtype of the breast cancer. KEYWORD: Breast cancer, pregnancy. INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is one of the most commonly encountered types of malignancy during pregnancy. [1] Approximately 0.2% to 2.6% of all breast cancers occur during pregnancy (BCP). [2] There was a general belief among physicians in the first half of the 20th century that World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 8.074 Volume 8, Issue 3, 230-244. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 Article Received on 08 Jan. 2019, Revised on 29 Jan. 2019, Accepted on 18 Feb. 2019 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20193-14332 *Corresponding Author Mizda Abdulateef Othman Ministry of Health Baghdad Medical Office Al-Karkh, Karkh Maternity Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.


There have been few large‐scale nationally representative studies on the prevalence of substance use among doctors. In addition, the association of different medical specialties with the use of different substances requires further research.


The Mean Solar Magnetic Field (MSMF) measured daily by ground based observations at the Standford Observatory shows similar structures like the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) near the Earth about 5 to 7 days later. The ionospheric effect in the mid-latitude F2-region due to such MSMF changes is most marked for strong MSMF changes from anti to pro sectors. The mean ionospheric response is very similar to the results obtained earlier with IMF sector structure data derived from Svalgaard (1976) and Wilcox (1982, private communication). Therefore, the MSMF data can successfully be used to predict the mean IMF sector structure and the mean ionospheric response 5 to 7 days in advance.


Based on the investigation and analysis of intercity passenger transportation market, the paper researched on some basic problems of intercity rail transit (IRT), such as the types of intercity train (IT), the ratio of carrying traffic, etc. The paper optimized the existing methods of train operating scheme (TOS), then brought up a new model to work out the scheme gradationally, taking Hu-Ning IRT in building as an example, which validated the model as a feasible and practical one.


The röle which the Manichæans played in the migration of tales and fables from East to West and West to East has received much attention in recent years, but next to nothing has been published of the abundant Iranian material which was found in Chinese Turkestan. The present collection of Sogdian stories, taken (with the possible exception of text J) from Manichæan manuscripts, is meant to close this gap. These stories are also of some interest from the linguist's point of view. For while the Christian and Buddhist Sogdian texts are valuable merely as repositories of vocables, the Manichæan texts alone (apart from the few available Sogdian documents and letters) give us a clear idea of the true structure and syntax of the Sogdian language, and this quality is nowhere better apparent than in these stories, which are sometimes pleasingly vivid. Even the translated texts are written in good Sogdian, partly because the Manichæans were better translators than their Christian and Buddhist compatriots, partly because it was easier to translate from Middle Persian or Parthian, languages closely related to Sogdian, than from Syriac or Chinese. How different real Sogdian was from the miserable stammer of the Christian and Buddhist translators is shown at a glance by the Sogdian Tale of Rustam, of which we have a larger fragment now, thanks to the publication of the Codices Sogdiani, Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Nationale (Mission Pelliot).


The underexplored Ba–Sn–S phase space is explored at various temperatures and cation ratios with combinatorial sputtering, crystallizing rocksalt-derived phases, Ba2SnS4, and Ba7Sn5S15. These findings are supported by DFT computed phase diagrams.


Approximately one decade ago, two large initiatives in transdisciplinary science were launched. The first, the Tobacco Use Etiology Research Network (TERN), was established by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) in 1996 as an experiment in knowledge development, and with the goals of bringing together a group of distinguished scientists from diverse disciplinary backgrounds to examine the etiology and trajectories of tobacco use from initiation to established use (Clayton, Merikangas, & Abrams, 2000). The second initiative was the Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Centers (TTURCs), initially co-sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) with the first Request for Applications released in 1998. The RWJF contributed additional funding to the first set of seven centers funded by the TTURC initiative to enhance the science communications and policy relevance of the research conducted at the centers. Both of these initiatives grew out of the recognition that many of the fundamental research questions facing the field of tobacco use involve complex interacting factors at multiple levels, from physiological through social contextual, and that these questions could best be addressed through coherent programs of research that brought together investigators with different disciplinary backgrounds and approaches. The papers in this supplemental issue of Nicotine & Tobacco Research highlight some of the scientific progress and results of these two major transdisciplinary research endeavors—the TTURCs and TERN The hope for the TTURC and TERN initiatives was that they might catalyze the speed of research development by producing new conceptual models and integration that are not usually found in traditional, unidisciplinary approaches (Abrams, Leslie, Mermelstein, Kobus, & Clayton, 2003). While the terms multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary are sometimes used interchangeably, their meanings are more distinct (Choi & Pak, 2006). Transdisciplinary science is recognized as being more than the gathering of scientists from various disciplines that occurs in multior interdisciplinary work; rather, it involves transcending disciplinary boundaries and allowing for a convergence of concepts and approaches, including novel methods, measures, and theories for conducting research (Rosenfield, 1992). Transdisciplinary scientific collaborations do not happen quickly or necessarily easily; they take effort, nurturing, and time. Morgan et al. (2003) describe the formation and early implementation stages, strategies and challenges of the TTURCs, and noted then that it will take a good 5–10 years after launching before one could expect innovative endproducts to appear. However, earlier signs of progress and success, such as publications in peerreviewed journals, have been abundant; both initiatives have excelled in this area. Stokols and colleagues (2003) provide a framework for evaluating the success of transdisciplinary collaborations such as the TERN and TTURC initiatives. Immediate markers include many of the goals and activities of the TERN and TTURC


Learning models used for prediction purposes are mostly developed without paying much cognizance to the size of datasetsthat can produce models of high accuracy and
better generalization. Although, the general believe is that, large dataset is needed to construct a predictive learning model. To describe adata setas large in size, perhaps, iscircumstance dependent, thus, what constitutesa dataset to be considered as being big or small is vague.In this paper, the ability of predictive model to generalize with respect to a particular size of data when simulated with new untrained input is examined. The study experiments on three different sizes of data using Matlab programto create predictive models with a view to establishing if the sizeof data has any effect on the accuracy of a model.The simulated output of each model is measured using theMean
Absolute Error (MAE) and comparisons are made. Findings from this study reveals that, the quantity of data partitioned for the purpose of training must be of good
representation of the entire sets and sufficient enough to span through the input space. The results of simulating the three network models also shows that, the learning model
with the largest size of training setsappearsto be the most accurate and consistently delivers a much better and stable results.


The comparative experimental study has been performed of removal of pharmaceuticals such as paracetamol and ibuprofen from aqueous solution by ozonation and photochemical degradation in several types of reactors. Ozone, oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide were used as oxidizing agents. Heterogeneous photocatalysis was carried out in the presence of anatase type TiO2 catalyst. To determine the amount of radiation emitted by the UV lamps and transferred into the reactor, chemical feroxioxalate actinometric experiments were performed. The degree of the pollutant removal was monitored by HPLC, COD, BOD5, and TOC. An ecotoxic biological test of process products with Parachlorella kessleri was also evaluated. The results indicate that the removal of both pharmaceuticals is most effective by heterogeneous photocatalysis. In the UV processes, the degradation rate increased considerably when H2O2 was added. However, the addition of peroxide into the ozonation system improved the ozonation only slightly. All products of the processes tested showed improved biodegradability according to the BOD5/COD ratio and low toxicity to Parachlorella kessleri.


Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW-Dresden, Helmholztstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA


A simple parametrized form for the dynamic local-field factor, which enters the expression for the dielectric function of an electron liquid, is proposed. The parametrization is such that it satisfies both the low- and high-frequency limits exactly. The relation of such a local-field factor to the time-dependent local-density approximation is examined. The dynamic structure factor, the plasmon damping, and the stopping power of a homogeneous electron liquid are calculated with use of a proposed complex dynamic local-field factor.


Abstract— The base composition of messenger RNA in Escherichia coli B/r and B8–1 irradiated with ultraviolet (u.v.) light has been examined. The experimental results are as follows: (1) the synthesis of rapidly labeled RNA does not stop in ultraviolet irradiated bacteria. (2) The rapidly labeled RNA in irradiated cells shows a change in base composition corresponding to the formation of pyrimidine dimers in DNA molecules. The mole per cent of adenine component is increased with ultraviolet dose. The ratio of purine/pyrimidine becomes larger and the GC content smaller. (3) The base composition of the rapidly labeled RNA in irradiated bacteria reversed to that in unirradiated cells, when the irradiated cells were reactivated by experimental procedures for photoreactivation or dark reactivation. The reversion in the base composition corresponds well to the decrease in the amount of thymine dimers in DNA molecules. (4) The mechanism of the change in the base composition of rapidly labeled RNA caused by ultraviolet irradiation is discussed.


Fifty‐three isolates of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (E.E.C.) were made from 215 rectal swabs collected from 54 Infants In a babies' home during a three‐month survey from April to July, 1969. There was no statistically significant correlation between the isolation of E.E.C. and the presence of diarrhoea. This indicates that the enteropathogenicity of E. coli is not determined solely by the serological type of the OB antigen. Cross infection in the home occurred rapidly and at a high rate.


.............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iii Vita ..................................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures .................................................................................................................... ix List of Plates ..................................................................................................................... ixi Chapter 1: The Producing Situation ................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: The Production Concept and Design Scheme ................................................... 4 Chapter 3: Character Analysis .......................................................................................... 11 Chapter 4: The Process ..................................................................................................... 32 Chapter 5: An Evaluation of the Design ........................................................................... 47 References ......................................................................................................................... 51 Selected Bibliography ....................................................................................................... 52 Appendix A: Director's Concept ...................................................................................... 53 Appendix B: Columbus Dispatch Review ........................................................................ 59 Appendix C: The Other Paper Review ............................................................................. 62 vii Appendix D: Tables .......................................................................................................... 65 Appendix E: Figures ......................................................................................................... 77 Appendix F: Plates .......................................................................................................... 100


Abstract. The theory of joining-systems (TJS), as developed in this chapter, consists of three main parts, developed after the infor- mal introduction and overview in Sections 1 and 2. One part (Section 3) is the abstract theory of joining-systems, providing the framework for the subsequent analysis. Two other parts introduce those concepts and results of the theory that are in focus for the representation of normative systems. The rest of these parts (Section 4) presents the model of condition implication structures (cis's) as applied to well- known issues in legal theory. In the second part (Section 5), the cis model of TJS is applied to a comprehensive new eld, namely the theory of \intervenients". In a developed normative system, interve- nient concepts serve as vehicles of inference for going from ultimate descriptive grounds to ultimate deontic consequences. Among the issues dealt with are: Boolean compounds of intervenients, interve- nients as organic wholes, narrowing or widening of intervenients, the typology of various kinds of intervenient minimality. (Less)


The purpose of this paper is to share our experience of holding a car security competition. We hosted the Car Hacking: Attack & Defense Challenge from September 14, 2020 to November 27, 2020, in South Korea. The competition problem was to develop attacks and detection algorithms for CAN, a widely used standard of in-vehicle communication. The participants earned scores when they detect other team's attacks and inject critical or stealth attacks. The most significant difference from the events of Pwn2Own and SINCON is that we held attack and detection competitions simultaneously.


that was developed earlier by Denison in his two path breaking works, Why Growth Rates Differ and Accounting for United States Economic Growth. They utilize the data developed in Denison's previous studies to place the Japanese case in perspective among ten other major developed countries?the United States, Canada, Bel gium, Denmark, France, West Germany, Italy, Nether lands, Norway, and the United Kingdom. The book includes 12 chapters and 15 separate ap pendixes. The appendixes, detailing fine points of methodology, comprise almost half of the book. In addition, there are 51 separate statistical tables which, by documenting the record of Japanese economic growth, provide a valuable resource for future research. The main text of the book logically divides into three sections. First, in Chapters One through Five, the authors examine the overall record and principal determinants of Japanese growth. In this section, they compare the Japanese case with the records of the ten mentioned developed countries. Second, in Chapters Six through Ten, they explore in detail the major sources of Japanese growth. Each chapter in this section is devoted to one of the five principal sources of growth?labor input, capital input, advances in knowledge, reallocation of resources, and economies of scale. Finally, in Chapters 11 and 12, the authors explore the reasons why output per worker is lower in Japan than in the United States and the potential for continued Japanese economic growth in the future. Denison and Chung point out that the growth of national income in Japan during 1953-71 exceeded the average rate of the other ten developed countries by more than 4.6 percent per year. Japan's rapid growth was achieved through an above average contribution from each of five principal sources of growth?labor input, capital input, the application of new knowledge to production, the preallocation of resources, and econ omies of scale.


Power electronics continues to grow as an element of electrical loads. Most such loads, including motor drives, computer power supplies, and compact fluorescent lighting, serve to 'isolate' the load dynamics from the utility grid. The unfortunate effect is that these loads enforce local constant power behaviour. This tends to destabilise the supply system, resulting in voltage collapse. In this work, the power buffering technique is examined to mitigate the effects of constant power loads. A power buffer is a device that enforces dynamic isolation to bestow beneficial dynamic characteristics upon the grid. A review of constant-power load dynamics and weak power systems is presented. Through simulations, the generalised power buffer concept is shown to stabilise several examples of power systems. Various techniques and topologies for power buffers are then covered and related to the voltage collapse problem, including critical control methods and parameters. Finally, three experiments are presented that demonstrate the stabilising effects of buffers.


Forty-eight different ginger oils from nine countries spanning four continents have been investigated by dual capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). All oils were found to contain the same five major sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Two of them were isolated in one step from an Indian oil by an efficient reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) separation. The other three were isolated by a combination of RP-HPLC and preparative capillary GC. They were identified by UV, MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR as α-zingiberene (1), β-bisabolene (2), (E,E)-α-farnesene (3), β-sesquiphellandrene (4) and ar-curcumene (5). The reported absence of some of these compounds in earlier studies could in many cases be explained by unsatisfactory separations, misidentifications and confusion in the nomenclature.


This research aims to test and influence transformational leadership, quality of work life, job satisfaction with organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment as variable intervening in World Fashion store employees. The variables in this study are transformational leadership, quality of work life, job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment. The population and samples in this study are all employees at the World Fashion store which amounts to 73 employees and the sample used is The method of collecting data using questionnaires (questionnaires), while data analysis techniques consisting of validity tests, reliability tests, descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression tests, hypothesis tests, sobel tests and determination coefficients. The results showed that there is a positive and significant influence between transformational leadership, quality of work life, job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior and organizational committees both partially and simultaneously (together). As well as organizational commitment proven to be able to mediate transformational leadership, quality of work life towards organizational citizenship behavior


This study aims to determine the effect of job satisfaction and compensation on organizational commitment and job satisfaction, compensation and organizational commitment to organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment to mediate the relationship between job satisfaction and compensation on organizational citizenship behavior. The data used in this study are primary data of 135 respondents at the District office in the West Region of North Aceh Regency. The data analysis method in this study uses a structural equation model with the help of analysis of moment structure. The results of the study found that job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. Meanwhile, compensation has no effect on organizational commitment. Another finding is that organizational commitment and job satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, compensation has a negative and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Organizational commitment fully mediates the effect of job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior, but organizational commitment does not mediate the relationship between compensation and organizational citizenship behavior.


Accounting practices are tightly related to the current financial crisis and therefore it can be considered a significant matter which requires to study the measures which were taken by the main regulators, IASB and FASB, which were the effects and which are the most probable modifications to be made in the near future. The article took into consideration all participants, regulators, entities, professionals, in order to have a full and clear picture of what imply the crisis on financial reporting.


A 5 microsec e-beam pumped XeF laser is described. Low concentrations of xenon and fluorine donor (NF3 or F2) were required to reduce losses for long-pulse operation at low (27 kW/cc) pump rates. Better performance was obtained using NF3 as the fluorine donor. The intrinsic efficiency was found to be flat over the laser pulse length, and averaged 1.1 percent. The laser output consisted of only the 353 nm line. A Rigrod treatment yielded a net gain 0.5 percent/cm.


Erwinia amylovora causes a devastating disease called fire blight in rosaceous trees and shrubs such as apple, pear, and raspberry. To successfully infect its hosts, the pathogen requires a set of clustered genes termed hrp. Studies on the hrp system of E. amylovora indicated that it consists of three functional classes of genes. Regulation genes including hrpS, hrpS, hrpXY, and hrpL produce proteins that control the expression of other genes in the cluster. Secretion genes, many of which named hrc, encode proteins that may form a transmembrane complex, which is devoted to type III protein secretion. Finally, several genes encode the proteins that are delivered by the protein secretion apparatus. They include harpins, DspE, and other potential effector proteins that may contribute to proliferation of E. amylovora inside the hosts. Harpins are glycine-rich heat-stable elicitors of the hypersensitive response, and induce systemic acquired resistance. The pathogenicity protein DseE is homologous and functionally similar to an avirulence protein of Pseudomonas syringae. The region encompassing the hrpldsp gene cluster of E. amylovora shows features characteristic of a genomic island : a cryptic recombinase/integrase gene and a tRNA gene are present at one end and genes corresponding to those of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome are found beyond the region. This island, designated the Hrp pathogenicity island, is more than 60 kilobases in size and carries as many as 60 genes.


L1Hs is a major player in genome evolution and genetic variability. Aberrant activity of L1Hs element is common in several human cancers. It's specific function is poorly characterized epigenetic regulation via human silencing Hub (HUSH) complex is critical to inhibit L1Hs activity. MPP8 is a subunit of HUSH complex and recently it has been suggested to inhibit L1Hs elements transcription. Thus, this assay was aimed to assess the expression level of L1Hs and MPP8 genes in cancer whole blood samples and healthy group utilizing qPCR assay. Generally, L1Hs gene significantly up regulated two times in patients' blood samples compared with healthy group. MPP8 gene up regulated approximately two times in cancer samples compared with healthy group. Testes, prostate, colon and cervical cancers were significantly expressed L1Hs more than MPP8 expression. While there is no significant differ in expression level of MPP8 and L1Hs genes in breast, bladder and ovary cancers.


This thesis investigates Arthur Balfour's policy towards Japan and the Anglo-Japanese alliance from 1894 to 1923. Although Balfour was involved in the Anglo-Japanese alliance from its signing to termination, no comprehensive analysis of his role in the alliance has been carried out. Utilising unpublished materials and academic books, this thesis reveals that Balfour's policy on the Anglo-Japanese alliance revolved around two vital principles, namely imperial defence and Anglo-American cooperation. From the viewpoint of imperial defence, Balfour emphasised the defence of India and Australasia more than that of China. He opposed the signing of the Anglo-Japanese alliance of 1902 because it was not useful in the defence of India. The Russo-Japanese War raised the concern of Indian security. Changing his lukewarm attitude, Balfour took the initiative in extending the alliance into India to employ Japanese troops for the defence of India. Moreover, as an advocate of Anglo-American cooperation, Balfour made every effort to maintain good Anglo-American-Japanese relations. However, imperial defence and Anglo-American cooperation began to clash within the alliance during the Great War. Although the Siberian intervention was useful Japanese military assistance in the defence of India, America, who was not interested in India, hesitated to support it due to her suspicion against Japan. After the war, the alliance was still instrumental in defending India and Australasia, but its existence damaged the relations with America. Balfour tried to achieve both imperial defence and Anglo-American cooperation by developing the alliance into an Anglo-American-Japanese trilateral agreement with a military clause to revive a bilateral defensive alliance. But America and Japan did not support Balfour's plan at the Washington Conference, and he had to accept the Four-Power Treaty without any military commitment.


December 2012 proved to be a frantic period with some interesting space activities, including the predicted end of the world on 21 December 2012. A spectacular event occurred that gave rise to numerous UFO reports and terrified those that believed Doomsday was at hand.


Type of funding sources: None.

 It is established that the presence of anaemia is associated with a higher number of complications in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, even in patients without history of anaemia, haemoglobin (Hb) drop is often observed. The impact of this decrease in the incidence of heart failure (HF), cardiogenic shock (CS) and reinfarction is still unclear.

 This retrospective observational study aims to document if a drop of Hb greater than 2g/dL in patients with MI and without previous anaemia relates to higher rates of HF, CS and reinfarction.

 We selected a population of 4287 patients admitted with MI with initial Hb between 12 and 15g/dL and without major bleeding at admission (D). We then divided them in two groups: those with a drop of Hb ≥ 2g/dL (D1) and those with an inferior drop (D2) Patient's age, gender, personal history, clinical and electrocardiographic presentation of MI, in-hospital therapy, coronary angiography and left ventricular function were recorded. The incidence of reinfarction, HF and CS was documented. In-hospital mortality was also compared. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate whether a drop in Hb was an independent predictor of any of these events.

 D1 consisted of 17,9% of the population (N=863). D1 presented with lower Hb values when compared to D2 (11 ± 1.1 vs 12.9 ± 1.0 g / dL, p < 0.001). These patients were older (70 ± 12 vs 65 ± 13 years, p<0.001), more frequently of the female sex (41,6 vs 27,2%, p<0.001), had a higher prevalence of hypertension (73,3% vs 65,7% p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (36,9 vs 26,9%, p<0,001), history of HF (5,9 vs 4,0%, p=0,013) and chronic renal failure (5,8% vs 3,8%, p=0,003). At the time of admission, D1 underwent more therapy with unfractionated heparin (34,6% vs 26,2%, p<0.001), enoxaparin (66,7% vs 51,7%, p<0.001) and less therapy with fondaparinux (12,7% vs 18,3%, p<0.001). The coronary angiography rate was similar between the groups, but D1 had more frequently the need for repeat angiography (10,7% vs 6,6%, p<0,001), more coronary angiographies by femoral access (40,2% vs 20,2%, p<0.001) and more angioplasties (71,9% vs 68,4%, p=0,04). D1 presented more frequently with HF (24,8% vs 11,1%, p<0,001), cardiogenic shock (10,5% vs 1,7%, p<0,001), reinfarction (2,1% vs 1,1%, p=0,011) and had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (5,0% vs 2,0%, p<0,001). A drop of Hb≥2g/dL was an independent predictor of reinfarction, HF and CS, but not IHM.

 In patients with MI and without previous anaemia nor major bleeding at admission, haemoglobin drop is a predictor of heart failure, cardiogenic shock and reinfarction, but not of in-hospital mortality.


The invention relates to a navigation shoe for outdoor use. The navigation shoe comprises a shoe body, and a GPS (global position system) chip is arranged in the shoe body, the GPS chip is connected with a mobile phone by bluetooth and also connected with vibration pieces arranged inside a shoe pad, the number of the vibration pieces is four, and the four vibration pieces are arranged on four positions, namely front, back, left and right, respectively. Corresponding directions and positions are set in the mobile phone and input to the GPS chip by the bluetooth, and if a user feels a vibration alerting signal sent by the front vibration piece, then the user is indicated to walk forward; and likewise, if the user feels a vibration alerting signal sent by a vibration piece of a direction, then the user is indicated to walk towards the same direction. The navigation shoe for outdoor use has the characteristics of convenient use and wide market prospect.


The work presented in this thesis describes the synthesis, structure and stability of a range of tris(2-pyrid-2-yl) and tris(2,2'-bipyrid-6-yl)methanol derivatives and their coordination chemistries with some divalent transition metals. A number of different synthetic strategies are investigated in order to synthesise these tripodal ligands in reasonable yields. The routes that proved to be most successful involved the carbonylation and Stille coupling of 6- bromopyrid-2-yl derivatives in the presence of a palladium catalyst, tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium(0) (Pd(PPh3)4). By adapting the method published by Peng and Aguilar, mono, bis and tris(6-sodium carboxylate pyrid-2-yl)methanol derivatives were successfully synthesised. These led to the introduction of a number of novel mono, bis and tris(6-methylcarboxypyrid-2-yl)methanol intermediates that were also successfully characterised by crystallographic studies. The solid-state structures reveal some interesting topologies of the ligand due to the flexibility introduced to the coordination sphere by the methyl ester groups. Further spectroscopic analyses involve ultra-violet, infra-red, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and electrochemisty. The work presented by Leize et al. led to the syntheses of mono, bis and tris(2,2'-bipyrid-6-yl)methanol derivatives. Again some interesting topologies are revealed from their crystallographic data of their metal complexes. A number of geometries are identified throughout this study. Interestingly, these tripodal ligands reveal trigonal prismatic coordination with Zn and Fe metal centres whereas the Cu(II) ion of d9 configuration only exhibits one Jahn-Teller distortion (a distorted octahedron) with only one of the ligands synthesised, the (2,2'-bipyrid-6-yl)bis(pyrid-2-yl)methanol. The other Cu geometries discussed are square pyramidal or trigonal bipyramidal. Typically the Ni(II) complexes characterised exhibit pseudo-octahedral coordination with solvent molecules occupying the apical position.


Abstract. One of the most important requirements of a market economy is the existence of a large and fully controlled financial market. The financial market is a very broad concept. In general, the financial market can be dvided into two parts: the bank loan market and the securities market. One of the structures that ensures the full functioning of the market economy model in modern conditions is the securities market. The securities market is a market where lonq-term supply and demand market. Economic, social and political conditions are necessary for the development of such a market. Thus, the lonq-term funds have a high share in the economy, the increase in the demand companies in a lonq-term form, political stability in the country, the spread of open joint-stock companies, the high level of income of the people, etc. such conditions are required. In the presented article, the main aspect of the credit monetary policy is to carry out practices in the market, to implement the purchase and sale of new government securities. Keywords: turnover, investor, capital, traditional market, cast market, single deposit


Response to the Letter to the Editor by Drs. Walsh and Schneider John Cologne, Hiromi Sugiyama, Benjamin French, Harry M. Cullings, Dale L. Preston, Kiyohiko Mabuchi, Kotaro Ozasa and Eric J. Grant Departments of a Statistics and b Epidemiology, and c Associate Chief of Research, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan; d Hirosoft International, Eureka, California; and e Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland


The purpose of this study was to investigate on the sleeve form variation according to arm movements for elderly women. This study was experimented using the Plaster gypsum. The subjects who were elderly women were divided into three groups according to Rorher Index. Arm movements were five type () to each the vertical motion in front and in side. The statistical analyses used in this study were Mean, Standard Deviation, Spearman's correlation coefficients, paired T-test, Kruskal-wallis one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results were as follows: 1) Increasing the movements, the width of the sleeve increased and the height of the sleeve cap decreased but girth of the sleeve cap was not consistant. 2) When varied the rates of the three aspects of the sleeve, the height of the sleeve cap showed the largest variation rate. 3) There was a negative correlation between the height and the width of the sleeve. On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between the sleeve width and the sleeve girth. 4) There were the vertical motion differences between in front and in side on the three aspects of sleeve. 5) The sleeve width and the sleeve girth were different according to somatotypes but the height of the sleeve cap was not different. 6) According to the variation rates of the body surfaces in length of standard lines, the form of sleeve was changed more in the front than in the back. Maximum variation rate showed in the areas of in the horizontal lines and in vertical lines. 7) According to the comparative drawing of the heights of sleeve cap and sleeve girth, the sleeve basic pattern was more suitable for the direction . And the basic pattern was more suitable for the direction , the pattern suitable for the direction , and the pattern was more suitable for the direction .


This is a methodological study designed to develop a comprehensive geriatric assessment package for successful aging of the elderly in various health condition. Assessment items and tools were primarily selected and categorized into 9 domains through the review of existing geriatric assessment tools, which have been used in the clinic and community settings, and the investigation of related articles. We have obtained professional advice from three experts and conducted a preliminary survey (n


which some sources claim was built by Constantine the Great, namely the Church of the Holy Apostles at Constantinople. (Professor Downey believes that the best evidence indicates that Constantius, Constantine's son, and not Constantine, built this church. Cf. p. 861, note 2.) The description of Mesarites provides a good deal of information about the city of Constantinople, Byzantine music and education, and a detailed description of the tombs of the Byzantine emperors and their families, who were entombed in the Mausoleums of Constantine the Great and Justinian. These mausoleums were connected with the church.


A Larval Tuna Identification Workshop was held at the Bureau of Commercial Fir :ries Biological Laboratory (now the National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Center), Honolulu, Hawaii, on March 2-6, 1970, to resolve conflicting views on the identification of larvae of Thunnus alalunga and T. albacares and to clarify the status of larval identification of other Thunnus species. The identification of T. alalunga (Yabe and Ueyanagi, 1962), T. albacares (Matsumoto, 1958), T. obesus (Matsumoto, 1962), and T. thynnus (Yabe, Ueyanagi, and Watanabe, 1966) was agreed upon as correct, except that the description of T. albacares should include the appearance of black pigmentation at the tip of the lower jaw when the larva attains a length of about 4.5 mm SL and that the lower size limit of reliable identification of T. alalungn. be set at about 4.5 mm SL until further studies indicate more precisely whether the black pigmentation at the trp of the lower jaw in T. albacares appears earlier. There was no difference in appearance of T. thynnus larvae from the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans. The larvae of T. atlanticus required further study. The workshop further concurred that juveniles (13-200 mm SL) of several species of Thunnus may be separated by internal and external characters: T. atlanticus by vertebral count, T. alalunga by shape of first elongate haemal spine and arrangement of pterygiophores of the second dorsal fin relative to two adjacent neural spines, and T. thynnus by configuration of lateral line and arrangement of pterygiophores of the second dorsal fin; and that juveniles of 1'. obesus and T. albacares may be separated from the previous three species by arrangement of pterygiophores of the second dorsal fin, but not from each other. The identification of T. tonggol and T. maccoyii larvae was not conclusive.


The research of college students' cultural value is being paid more and more attention to in academic world. This article describes and analyzes present cultural value of East West college students through full and scientific social investigation.


does not contain hazardous reagents or introduce genetic material. Our results show that hiPS cells die after three days of culture in HSM. Prior to performing the experiments, we compared the hiPS cell viability in media containing crude or dialyzed KSR or combination of insulin (10 μM), dexamethasone (10 μM) and aprotitin (5000 U/ml) (IDA) Unexpectedly, the KSR dialysis and IDA had no effect on hiPS cell survival. As expected, primary human hepatocytes survived in HSM as well as in HCM, which is the recommended medium for their culture. HSM can be used in clinical practices in situations when hepatocytes differentiated from human iPS cells are transplanted to patients suffering from liver failure.


Field studies determined the impact of two aggressive tropical dicot weeds Mimosa pudica – Fabaceae and Acalypha indica Euphorbeaceae) on root development of maize seedlings over the first 30 days after planting and on seed yields, in major and minor seasons of the tropics. Weeds were sown with maize seeds at a density of 8 plants per sq. Meter. Root length densities were determined and subsamples of roots were used to determine the proportions of monocot (maize) and dicot (weed) roots by examining the vascular bundles. Seed yields were determined at crop maturity. In the major wet season, there were more maize roots in the soil profile, and seed yields were greater than in the minor dry season. In the minor season, there was greater total RLD and the roots of weeds were in a greater proportion in all depths. The roots of acalypha, the upright weed was more prominent at all depths than that of mimosa, a prostrate weed and seed yields of maize were affected to a greater extent by acalypha. The importance of weed management during early growth to reduce competition and obtain greater seed yields was observed.


Objective To investigate the role of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) on lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in colorectal carcinoma.Methods The expressions of HGF in specimens of 52 colorectal carcinoma,20 colorectal polyps tissues and 20 colorectal normal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry utilizing streptavidin-biotin complex.The microlymphatic density(LMVD) in colorectal carcinoma was calculated by podoplanin as the specific marker of lymphatic endothelium.And the clinicopathologic features of colorectal carcinoma were analyzed.Results The stainings of brown and filemot in cytoplast were served as the positive expression of HGF.The positive rate and mean value of HGF expression in specimens of colorectal carcinoma were significantly higher than those in colorectal polyps and the normal bowel tissues [75%,30%,15%;(0.36±0.07),(0.24±0.06),(0.23±0.06),P0.01].The LMVD of colorectal carcinoma was also significantly higher than that in the colorectal polyps tissues and the normal bowel tissues [(4.13±1.99),(2.59±1.46),(2.40±1.44),P0.01].There was a positive correlation between LMVD and the mean value of HGF in specimens of colorectal carcinoma.The positive expression of HGF was found in 39 cases of colorectal carcinoma,and their mean LMVD was higher than that in the negative ones [(4.25±2.13) vs(2.73±1.54),t=3.051,P=0.003].The expressions of HGF and LMVD in colorectal carcinoma were not correlated with age,gender and degree of differentiation(P0.05),but correlated significantly with Dukes stage(P=0.034,P=0.006) and lymph node metastasis(P=0.015,P=0.001).Conclusion The positive expression of HGF is related with colorectal cancer lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis.It seems that HGF can directly or indirectly induce lymphangiogenesis and contribute to lymphatic metastasis in colorectal carcinoma.


The recontextualization of Maori art from anthropological museum artefact to aesthetic art object-the shift in its perception as belonging, not to a dead or dying culture, but to a living and developing indigenous culture-represents one of the most dramatic reversals in the institutional structuring of New Zealand's cultural history to date. Not only has Maori art earned a distinctive and powerful (if sometimes grudgingly conceded) national presence in New Zealand's Pakeha-dominated art world, but the exhibition Te Maori, shown to considerable critical acclaim in New York, Saint Louis, and San Francisco in 1984, inaugurated a receptive international context for traditional Maori art that has subsequently been extended, in touring exhibitions to Australia, Europe, and the United States, to encompass modernist and contemporary, westernized Maori art forms. Inevitably, the internationalization of Maori art within a pluralist art construct has set up numerous tensions among Maori and Pakeha artists, and, in their respective art worlds, between competing interests, aspirations, and ideologies. This paper identifies and examines some of those areas of tension.


Objective To establish a convenient method for the selection of hair follicle stem cells and study the effects of β-catenin on the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of hair follicle stem cells.Methods Based on the strong specific adherent ability of stem cells,hair follicle cells were incubated in the plates coated with human collagen before use.Hair follicle stem cell's marker K19 and clone forming efficency were used to identify the stem cells.The expression of β-catenin was tested by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization.Results After adherence to collagen for 20min,the number of Kl9 positive cells among quickly-adhered cells increased 1.6 times more than unselected cells and clone forming efficiency increased 3.5 times.The expression of β-catenin protein increased in the nuclear of quickly-adhered cells.Conclution The selection method of human hair follicle stem cells by quick-adherence to collagen was established for the first time.β-catenin was involved in the regulation of hair follicle stem cells'proliferation and differentiation.


Highly efficient maintenance and control of the deep strong mining roadway's stability is a reliable guarantee for the safe production and sustainable development of a coal mine. With return air roadway 4106 in Wenjiapo coal mine as the research background, an in situ investigation, numerical simulation, and engineering practice were carried out to reveal the stress distribution and surrounding rock deformation and failure characteristics of a strong mining roadway. The numerical simulation results show that both first mining and secondary mining are positively correlated with the deformation and failure of roadway surrounding rock. The peak abutment pressure of the coal pillar near the goaf caused by first mining and secondary mining are 28.7 and 35.6 MPa, respectively, with a 24% increase. During the first mining period, the total deformation of the roof and floor of the roadway and the two sides was 1160 and 1436 mm, respectively. During the second mining period, the total deformation of the roof and floor of the roadway in a working face advance gradually increased from 1737 mm 80 m away from the working face to 2281 mm at the working face, and the total deformation of the two sidewalls gradually increased from 2094 mm 80 m away from the working face to 2211 mm at the working face. The damage to the roadway caused by secondary mining was much greater than that caused by the first mining. The collaborative control technology of long anchorage-top-cutting blasting stress relief is proposed to control the stability of the roadway. The engineering practice shows that the deformation of the roadway is effectively controlled under strong mining disturbance, and the maximum deformations of the roof, floor and sidewall are 17, 23, and 11 mm, respectively.


The efficiency of the wastewater treatment is more concerned than before,it's known that polymer ferric salt is better than aluminum salt as flocculants.In this paper,normal speciation techniques in analysis polymer ferric salt are classified as chemic analytical method,electrochemistry method,spectral method,micrograph.The paper also gives some perspectives for further study of polymer ferric salt.


This is a careful examination of A. Touraine's conception of the individual subject. The author contends that a major weakness is due to the extraordinary importance recognized by Touraine to social movements while maintaining that the subject is a free agent, independent from his social context.


Review question / Objective: What are the ethical and practical considerations of gaming interventions in mental health? What existing viewpoint, commentary or theoretical points have been made in the literature regarding ethical issues in the development of serious games? What benefits and risks of games development in mental health are discussed in the literature? How are the core healthcare ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice discussed as relating to applied games in mental health? How might this information inform future thinking regarding the ethical development of serious games in mental health? Information sources: The search was conducted across four electronic databases covering science and arts and humanities titles: Scopus, PUBMED, PsycNET, EthxWeb and additionally, the journal, Game Studies, which contrary to other gaming journals does not exist in any of these databases. Given the recency of games design in this area, the search was limited to the preceding 30-year period, til January 2023, where available.