especially since, unlike many others, he has had free access to this crucial source of information on Petty. The great weakness of this bibliography, however, lies in its coverage of modern commentary on Sir William Petty's work. Unlike Keynes's excellent treatment of Sir Thomas Browne (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968) this book lacks any extensive reference to recent secondary sources. While space does not permit a full list to be elucidated here, some of the more salient omissions should be mentioned. For Petty's economic theory the following are of central importance: (i) W. Letwin, The origins of scientific economics: English economic thought— 1660—1776 (London, 1963). Chapter 5 is on Petty's Political Arithmetic; (ii) S. Matsukawa, 'The 300th anniversary of J. Graunt's Observations (1662)', Hitotsubashi journal of economics, iii, Part I (1962), 49-60; (iii) S. Matsukawa, 'Origin and significance of political arithmetic', Annals of the Hitotsubashi Academy, vi, Part I (1955), 53-79. This article contains an extensive list of sources on the Petty-Graunt controversy; (iv) S. Matsukawa, Sir William Petty (new edition, Tokyo, 1967). The text of this book is in Japanese; the footnotes, index, and bibliography are in English. For Petty as virtuoso, scientist, and medic, the following should be referred to: (i) C. Webster, 'English medical reformers of the Puritan Revolution: a background to the Society of Chemical Physitians', Ambix, xiv (1967), 16-41; (ii) C. Webster, 'Henry More and Descartes: some new sources', British journal for the history of science, iv (1968-9), 359-77; (iii) K. Dewhurst, 'The genesis of state medicine in Ireland', Irish journal of medical science, 6th series (1956), 365-84; (iv) C. F. Mullet, 'Sir William Petty and the Plague', Isis, xxviii (1938), 18-25; () K. T. Hoppen, The common scientist in the seventeenth century. A study of the Dublin Philosophical Society 1683-1708 (London, 1970); (vi) W. E. Houghton, 'The History of Trades: its relation to seventeenth century thought as seen in Bacon, Petty, Evelyn, and Boyle', Journal of the history of ideas, ii (1941), 33-60; (vii) M. H. Nicolson, Pepys' Diary and the new science (Charlottesville, Virginia, 1965). The Appendix is entitled 'Pepys, Sir William Petty, and the "Double-Bottom"'; (viii) M. Vamos, 'A note on Petty, Pepys and Pascal', French studies, xxii (1968), 301-6; (ix) R. H. Kargon. 'William Petty's mechanical philosophy', Isis, lvi (1965), 63-6; (x) R. H. Kargon, Atomism in England from Hariot to Newton (Oxford, 1966). Full reference to sources on Petty's educational and Utopian interests will be found in C. Webster, Samuel Hartlib and the advancement of learning (Cambridge, 1970). The foregoing list indicates that this bibliography lacks proper reference to modern commentary on Petty. This could be misleading, not only in itself, but also for the limited picture that will emerge if only those sources referred to by Keynes are utilized for study.


AbstractQuaternary glacial and fluvial sediments in Minnesota and adjacent areas are a major source for groundwater, and they are important to many geologic investigations. Unfortunately, the thicknesses of these widespread sediments are often poorly known. The horizontal-to-vertical-spectral ratio (HVSR) passive seismic method is being increasingly used in the region to assist in mapping the thickness of these sediments and the topography of the underlying bedrock surface. HVSR results when control sites with known sediment thickness are used to derive calibration curves that in turn are used to estimate sediment thicknesses in areas lacking control. The HVSR method must be used with appropriate caution. Extreme variations in S-wave velocities of near-surface materials can complicate or even negate the use of calibration curves, and very irregular bedrock surfaces can produce weak, multipeak HVSR spectra that are difficult to interpret. Over soft bedrock, HVSR peaks may reflect intrabedrock features, and...


It is well known that atopic dermatitis is an extremely common disease in the industrialized world, and in recent decades an alarming increased frequency has been observed in several investigations. However, some of the main problems in studies on the changing pattern in the epidemiology of atopic dermatitis are related to the definition of the disease, which is notoriously hard to define in writing and the few reliable data on its frequency in the past. In this paper we report and discuss examples on solid and long-term population-based studies and a recently suggested framework for questionnaire in vestigations on atopic dermatitis.


Innovation is argued here to be a significant and complex dimension of learning in work, involving a mix of rational, intuitive, emotional and social processes embedded in activities of a particular community of practice. Dimensions of innovative learning are suggested to include level (individual, group, organization), rhythm (episodic or continuous), and magnitude of creative change (adaptive or generative) involved in the learning process. Drawing from a study of women who leave organizational employment to develop an enterprise of self‐employment, this article explores these dimensions of innovative learning. Two questions guide the analysis: what conditions foster innovative learning; and what are the forms and processes of the innovative learning process? Findings suggest that innovative processes involve multiple strategies and demand conditions of freedom, patience, support, and recognition.


The walls and hut circles which are known to the Bedouins as "the works of the old men" lie about 120 miles to the east of the Dead Sea, in a southern extension of the Jebel Druze range through which the Cairo-Baghdad air mail passes, in the neighbourhood of landing grounds F, G, and H. The Jebel Druze is a desolate range of mountains rising to from 2000 to 3000 feet above sea level. It consists of steep-sided flat-topped mountains of black basalt, the wadis and flat country between being covered with sand thickly besprinkled with huge black basalt boulders. Here and there the winter rains have formed lakes of sand which during the winter are morasses and during the summer hard flat glaring expanses of white sand, many as much as three miles long.


With rapid development of network information technology, the application of network teaching mode has been promoted rapidly in higher education, and the status of college teachers in modern teaching has been changed significantly. In the network age, college teachers should realize the transformation of their role and improve their own modern educational and teaching ability as soon as possibly, to meet the requirement of the new situation.


DC servo systems which are utilized in many industries require efficient and robust control strategies for achieving specific duties accurately. An integral sliding mode control (ISMC) is designed for position control of DC servo-driven conveyor system in this work. The ISMC which maintains the robustness, linearization and systematic design procedure of the conventional sliding modes is aimed to solve robust position control problem under load uncertainties. Performance and robustness of the ISMC are compared with the PID controller. Numerical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the validity, feasibility and effectiveness of the designed control technique.


Reliability of the HVDC system is an important aspect of modern power system reliability study.The key reliability indices of the HVDC system are presented,and the reliability evaluation methods for the HVDC system as well as the comprehensive evaluation of grid safety and adequacy are reviewed.The research direction in the future is prospected.


Let X and X be two n-dimensional elliptical random vectors, we establish an identity for E[f(Y)]−E[f(X)], where f : R → R fulfilling some regularity conditions. Using this identity we provide a unified derivation of sufficient and necessary conditions for classifying multivariate elliptical random vectors according to several main integral stochastic orders. As a consequence we obtain new inequalities by applying it to multivariate elliptical distributions. The results generalize the corresponding ones for multivariate normal random vectors in the literature.


The acrosomal process is an intracellular quasi-crystalline organelle in the head of the sperm of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. It consists of 100 - 130 actin-scruin filaments packed together in a pseudo-hexagonal lattice2 and is up to 60 (im long with a diameter of 0.1 μm. Scruin-scruin interactions are responsible for cross-linking the actin filaments together in the bundle. The goal of the current study is to reveal interfilament interactions in the bundle. We have taken tilt series images in the electron microscope3 to reconstruct its three-dimensional structure without assuming helical symmetry. The acrosomal process was purified as described.34 Bundles were embedded in vitreous ice over holes on a holey carbon film on copper grids. The specimen was kept at -167°C in a JEOL 4000EX electron microscope operating at 400 kV. Straight 6-10 (im long bundles were found using a TV-rate CCD camera in defocused diffraction mode.


Introduction: At 1964, Antioquia Medica journal published the first original work of blood type frequencies in Medellin led by Dr. Alberto Restrepo Mesa, one of Hematology pioneers in Colombia; later there have been two important investigations in 1999 and 2006, however, there are not current reports. Objective: Establish the blood type frequencies in Medellin and the Valle de Aburra after 50 years of the first published investigation. Methods: An observational descriptive study was made, with a sample of 87.000 adult people of both sexes, without racial discrimination, who donated blood at the Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe blood bank of Medellin (Colombia) between 2000 and 2009; and frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups was calculated. Results: Of the total donors, 90,7 % living in Medellin. The most frequent blood groups are O+ and A+ (52,1 % and 28,0 % respectively), according to the previous studies. Conclusions: At the last 50 years, there is no evidence of a significant change in blood type frequencies in Medellin, despite the demographics changes on these years.


The author has identified the following significant results. The most significant achievements realized thus far include the successful charting of high probability fishing areas from LANDSAT MSS data and the successful simulation of an operational satellite system to provide tactical information for the commercial harvest of menhaden.


An umpolung approach towards unsymmetrical disulfides synthesis via sulfenium ion is reported. In situ generated electrophilic sulfenium ion from electron rich thiols reacted with second thiols to yield unsymmetrical disulfides. Using iodine catalyst and DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine)-water as promoter, the target syntheses were achieved in one pot under aerobic condition.


277Background: MRI/US guided biopsy (fusion biopsy) is increasingly utilized over systemic 12-core transrectal ultrasound biopsy (12-core biopsy) for men with MRI-visible prostate lesions. Methods:...


Objective: To assess effect of the intravenous drip of procaine in the treatment of the adynamic ileus. Methods: Seventy patients with adynamic ileus or obstruction were divided into two groups randomly. In group 1, forty patients with simple ileus were given intravenous drip of procaine;In group 2, thirty patients were used as the control group. Results: The time of deflating gases from anuses was 48.1±16.9 hours in group 1, 64.6±18.3 hours in the control group (group 2), showing a significan difference in the efficacy between the two groups (P0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of intravenous drip of procaine relieves pain and severe complications of patients, and significantly improves the peristaltic and circulatory function of the intestine. Delaying or reducing the strangulated ileus in the freatment needs to be further confirmed.


INTRODUCTION: GT is a rare (~1:1 million) congenital platelet disorder characterized by a deficiency in or abnormality of GPIIb/IIIa and by predominantly mucocutaneous bleeding. Platelets are used to treat severe bleeding in individuals with GT and prevent bleeding during surgery; however, anti-platelet antibodies and/or refractoriness can occur. Few data exist on how and where US patients with GT receive care or how GT impacts patients and families. This first of its kind survey aims to capture healthcare professional (HCP) experience and perspectives on GT care.

METHODS : An April 2014 web-based quantitative survey (~45 min) was distributed to 2280 HCPs including all 561 on the Center for Disease Control (CDC) hemophilia treatment center (HTC) list. Respondents had to be actively involved with the treatment of bleeding disorders.

RESULTS: For 1726 successfully delivered emails, response rate was 8.7%.By target, 75 were physicians (9 self-classified as hematology only and 66 as hematology/oncology) and 75 were nurses (50 nurses, 25 nurse practitioners). The majority treated both adults and children; median 13 GT patients per center. Only 5% (7 of 21 CDC list respondents) reported working at federally-funded HTCs, with 41% from non-federally funded HTCs; the rest (54%) reported not being affiliated with an HTC. HCPs reported typical presentations including gum/mouth bleeds (67%), skin bleeds/bruising (66%), epistaxis (61%), and/or menorrhagia (39%). Mean (median) reported time to hematologist referral after first bleed was 18.4 (6) months (23% <3 months); referrals were most commonly from internists (27%), pediatricians (22%), or the emergency room (ER; 18%). Mean (median) time from first bleed to confirmed diagnosis was 22.1 (10) months (19% < 3 months); half reported that the diagnosis is typically made before age 12 years. Confirmatory tests included platelet aggregometry (86%) and/or flow cytometry (68%) and was most typically performed in the hematologist's lab (46%), commercial lab (43%), or hospital/ER (32%).

HCPs reported that 20% of bleeds received no treatment and 50% required some systemic (IV) treatment and/or transfusion (26% platelets only). In the prior 5 years, 81% of patients received platelets, 70% antifibrinolytics, and 36% of menstruating females received hormonal therapy. HCPs reported 75% of their patients received a pRBC transfusion at some point. Satisfaction with response to platelets (1-10, 10 = satisfied) was 7.3 (7). Transfusions are typically given in the HTC or hematologist's hospital (86%), at a hospital near the patient's house (63%) or at an infusion center (63%). HCPs reported 16% of patients were refractory and 32% had antibodies.

HCPs reported that, for pediatric patients, 89% have issues at school and 87% have issues with activities/sports (71% limited participation). Most (65%) reported that children with GT have issues with peers and friends. Having children with GT also impacts parents' work (66%), most commonly from missed time at work (31%). Emotional stress was also emphasized as an issue facing families. For adult patients, GT impacts activities/participation in sports (82%) and they face issues with employment (62%), most commonly from missed time (22%). HCPs reported relationships are impacted in 42% of patients. HCPs most frequently refer patients and families to hemophilia.org (63%) and curegt.org (56%) for additional information.

HCPs indicated from their perspective quality of life for patients with GT and their families could be improved with increased focus on diagnosis/treatment (45%) and education/awareness (29%). Nurses tended to emphasize addressing education and the emotional and social impact on patients with GT; hematologists focused more on clinical aspects. Respondents noted it was most important that referring HCPs know how/when to refer to specialists (44%) and the importance of early diagnosis (36%).

CONCLUSION : These data provide insights into the care of GT and other bleeding disorders in the US. While the World Federation of Hemophilia reported 103 US GT patients receiving their care in HTCs, the type of HCPs who responded here and patient/caregiver survey results suggest many GT patients receive care outside of the federally funded HTC network. Further cross-sectional and prospective studies may improve understanding of refractoriness/antibodies and psychosocial impact on patients and families.

Disclosures Cooper: Novo Nordisk: Employment.


A simple, sensitive, accurate, precise, reproducible, economic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of milnacipran hydrochloride in dissolution medium. UV spectrophotometric method is based on measurement of absorption at maximum wavelength 223 nm. The percentage recovery of milnacipran HCl ranged from 99.82–101.23%.in pharmaceutical dosage form. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy (recovery), precision (intra and interday variations). and specificity. Beers law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2–40μg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.997. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and by recovery study.


Objective To express and purify recombinant Schistosoma japonicum ferritin(rsjferritin)and to explore the protective immunity against Schistosoma japonicum induced by the protein in mice.Methods The ferritin gene was subcloned into the expression vector pGMC.The rsjferritin was expressed at a high level in E.coli 2566 induced by IPTG.Purify and identify using electrophoretic chromatography,SDS-PAGE and Western-blot.Kunming mice were immunized subcutaneously three times(0,2,4 weeks)with rsjferritin.Each mouse was challenged with 40±1 cercariae.6 weeks later the mice were killed,the worms and the liver eggs were counted.Results The purified rsjferritin's molecular weight was 40kD,and it possessed good antigenic activity and could be recognized by the rabbit sera infected with Schistosoma japonicum.Compared with the control groups,the worm reduction rate and eggs per gram liver reduction rate in experimental group were 24.5% and 45.8% respectively.Conclusion The rsjferritin has been expressed high efficiently in E.coli,and it can induce a protective immunity against Shistosoma japonicum in mice.


Adolescent is the stage between childhood and adulthood. It is the time when adolescent move from dependency on their parents to independency and maturity. This stage brings so many changes. Family relationship plays an important role in this stage. Aggression also develops which sometimes generates from peer pressure. The aim of the present investigation is to study the adolescent aggression in relation to peer pressure and family environment. Sample of the study consisted of 210 adolescents (107 Male and 103 Female), ranging in the age of 13-19 years and were randomly selected from different schools of Chandigarh. The sample responded to Manifestation of Aggression (R. A. Singh, 1986) which consists of 50 items, Peer Pressure (Singh & Saini, 2010) which consists of 25 items and Family Relationship inventory by Sherry & Sinha, (1987) which consists of 150 items. To find out the results descriptive statistics, ttest and correlation matrix were calculated and it was found that there is non significant difference between boys and girls on aggression, family affection and family care and the values comes out to be 0.378, 0.613 and 0.47 respectively. It was also revealed that there is significant difference between boys and girls on peer pressure and family behaviour and p value found to be 0.003 and 0.020 respectively. It was also revealed that there is significant association between aggression and family care and between peer pressure and family behaviour.


The market for sovereign debt of developing countries is alleged to be gravely ill. In the last five years, several East Asian countries, Russia, Argentina, and other borrowers defaulted on their sovereign bonds. Financial crises in borrower countries, as well as prolonged, messy and litigious debt renegotiations accompanied these defaults. Some see the so-called "rogue creditors." who sue to get their money back and delay settlement, as the culprit of the market's problems (Michelle White, 2002), To confront them, reformers propose to change debtrestructuring procedures by reducing creditor rights. The IMF in particular advocates using some features of U.S. Chapter U corporate bankruptcy that are favorable to borrowers in sovereign debt restructuring (Anne Krueger, 2002).


Lignin is recognized as a good sustainable material because of its great abundance and potential applications. At present, lignin hydrogenolysis is considered as a potential but challenging way to produce low-molecular-mass aromatic chemicals. The most common linkage between the structural units of lignin polymer is the β-O-4 aryl ether, which are primary or even only target chemical bonds for many degradation processes. Herein, a Pd-Fe3O4 composite was synthesized for catalytic hydrogenolysis of β-O-4 bond in lignin. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by XRD, XPS, and SEM and the lignin depolymerization products were analyzed by GC-MS. The catalyst showed good catalytic performance during the hydrogenolysis process, lignin dimer was degraded into monomers completely and a high yield of monomers was obtained by the hydrogenolysis of bagasse lignin. More importantly, the magnetic catalyst was separated conveniently by magnet after reaction and remained highly catalytically efficient after being reused for five times. This work has demonstrated an efficient & recyclable catalyst for the cleavage of the β-O-4 bond in lignin providing an alternative way to make better use of lignins.


The present study was conducted to determine the consequences of supplementing dietary salt on growth and feed utilization of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) in laboratory condition for a period of 21 days. Four treatments with three replicates in each containing 30 fish (average weight, 2.2 ± 0.01 g) were stocked in 100 liter aquaria. Four treatments were designated as T1 (SD+0% salt of diet), T2 (SD+1.0% salt of diet), T3 (SD+1.5% salt of diet) and T4 (SD+2% salt). The fish were fed at 20% body weight twice a day. Significantly (p<0.05) higher weight gain of tilapia was found in T3 (8.90 ± 0.31g) followed by T2 (8.75 ± 0.29 g), T4 (7.68 ± 0.07 g) and T1 (5.23 ± 0.22 g). The highest length gained by the groups treated with T3 (2.93 ± 0.19 cm) followed by T2 (2.92 ± 0.04 cm), T4 (2.73 ± 0.06 cm) and T1 (1.84 ± 0.03 cm). Specific growth rate (SGR) (p<0.05) was found to be the highest in T3 (8.16 ± 0.21) followed by T2 (8.08 ± 0.23), T4 (7.56 ± 0.06) and T1 (6.20 ± 0.24). The highest survival was found in T3 (85.55 ± 1.93) followed by T2 (84.44 ± 1.93), T1 (83.33 ± 0.00%) and T4 (81.11 ± 1.92). The lowest food conversion ratio (FCR) was obtained in T2 (1.15) than that of T1 (1.57), T4 (1.40) and T3 (1.18), respectively. The growth parameters indicated that supplemental feed with 1.5% dietary salt can be incorporated in O. niloticus diet.


Taking into account the difficulties met on theten year' way of realization the Bologna declaration thathave been analyzed in "the Leuvene communique", April2009 the authors attract their attention to some importantaspects of the future reforms in the higher engineeringeducation. They are as follows:1. Adherence to principles of the social responsibility.2. Transition to the "student centered" education (that isfrom teaching to learning).3. The principle "LLL" – Life Long Learning.The specific conditions of Russia in providing the Bolognareforms are described.Index Terms ⎯ Bologna declaration, social responsibility.


Objectives: Longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring (LILT) is a well-established surgical treatment for short bowel syndrome. It has been shown to enhance peristalsis, decrease bacterial overgrowth, and extend mucosal contact time for nutrients. We present the results of a long-term follow-up of patients who underwent LILT and define prognostic parameters for the survival of these patients. Patients and Methods: Between 1987 and 2006, 53 patients underwent LILT in our institution. The main diagnoses were gastroschisis, intestinal volvulus, intestinal atresias, and necrotizing enterocolitis. LILT was performed at a mean age of 24 months (range 4−144 months). The follow-up time was 79.76 months (range 6−234 months). Results: After LILT, 41 of 53 patients survived, and 36 of 41 surviving patients were successfully weaned from parenteral nutrition (PN). In long-term follow-up 79% stayed free of PN. The overall survival rate was 77.36%. Weight gain occurred in 58% of the patients after LILT. The quality of life after LILT is on a high level, with most patients having normal physical strength and participating in normal social life and education. Prognostic factors for survival after LILT in short bowel syndrome are length of small intestine (0.06582 + 0.0131 × bowel cm), length of large bowel (P = 0.039), preoperative liver function, and successful weaning from PN within 18 months postoperatively (P = 0.0032). Conclusions: Patients undergoing LILT in short bowel syndrome have a high survival rate, weight gain, and a high quality of life. Autologous gastrointestinal reconstruction remains therefore the first choice in the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome.


The first-order correction due to space-charge effects to the small-signal gain of a free-electron laser is calculated classically. For a current density of 10/sup 2/ A/cm/sup 2/, an interaction length of 1 m and an electron beam energy of 20 MeV, the maximum small-signal gain is reduced by about 0.5% while for 10/sup 3/ Amp/cm/sup 2/, it is reduced by about 5%. The reduction is proportional to (..omega../sub p/L/c)/sup 2//..gamma../sub 0//sup ts3/ equivalent S, where ..omega../sub p/ is the electron plasma frequency, L is the interaction length, c is the velocity of light, and mc/sup 2/..gamma../sub 0/ is the initial electron energy. S = 0.092 in the former case and 0.92 in the latter.


Assessment is an instructional process of collecting information on learning of students. It is divided into different methods based on the extent to which it simulates performance in the real world, measures higher learning outcomes, requires demonstration of multiple skills, require time, and uses scoring strategies. The main purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of course assessment methods. Quantitative survey research method was used to collect data. On the study, 1340 students from fields of specializations of Engineering, Social Science and Natural Science were participated. To gather data, 11 items of assessment type were presented to be responded on a four point Likert scale. Mean and Standard Deviation were calculated and differences in implementation of assessment methods were tested by one-way ANOVA. Scheffe pair wise multiple comparison was used to compare the significant main effect. The result of the study revealed that there was a tendency to implement alternative method of assessment in Wollega University. There were significant differences among fields of specialization in implementation of alternative methods in favour of Engineering field of specialization. It is suggested that Wollega University would work to ensure the implementation of alternative assessment methods in all fields of specializations.


The results of a survey concerning women and minority students and faculty in computer science during the years 1971 to 1975 are presented. Analysis of the data indicated that effective affirmative action programs for recruitment into graduate degree programs are needed to enlarge the number of women and minorities qualified for later employment in computer science. Also, possible discrimination in employment of women and minority graduate students was revealed.


ALESION of the renal glomeruli associated clinically with diabetes, albuminuria, hypertension and edema of the nephrotic type was described by Kimmelstiel and Wilson1 in 1936. The clinical features of the syndrome have been well defined.2 , 3 Pathologically, the "nodular" glomerular lesion is generally accepted as specific.2 The pathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood. Rich, Berthrong and Bennett4 described renal lesions resembling those of intercapillary glomerulosclerosis in rabbits given intramuscular injections of cortisone. Friedenwald5 presented clinical and experimental evidence that relative adrenal hyperfunction with possible associated vitamin B12 deficiency is causally related to the development of both glomerular and retinal . . .


The formation of defects at surfaces and grain boundaries (GBs) during the fabrication of solution‐processed perovskite film are thought to be responsible for its instability. Herein, Eu‐porphyrin complex (Eu‐pyP) is directly doped into methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) precursor, perfectly fabricating 2D (Eu‐pyP)0.5MAn‐1PbnI3n+1 platelets inlaying the GBs of 3D polycrystalline interstices in this protocol. The device based on Eu‐pyP doped perovskite film possesses a champion efficiency of 18.2%. More importantly, the doped perovskite solar cells device shows beyond 85% retention of its pristine efficiency value, whereas the pure MAPbI3 device has a rapid drop in efficiency down to 10% within 100 h under 45% humidity at 85 °C in AM 1.5 G. The above acquired perovskite films reveal an unpredictable thermodynamic self‐healing ability. Consequently, the findings provide an avenue for defect passivation to synchronously improve resistibility to moisture, heat, and solar light including UV.


Testing and estimation of change points have been widely studied in econometrics. The focus of this chapter is to test and estimate for possible changes in the slope parameter of panel regression models. In Sec. 3.1, we discuss the spurious break in time-series. It is known that there is a tendency to spuriously estimate a break point in the middle of the sample when the errors follow an I(1) process, even though a break point does not actually exist, e.g., Bai (1998). In Sec. 3.2, we discuss estimation of a change point when it does not exist. Baltagi, Kao, and Liu (2017) consider the spurious break in a panel data regression model where the error terms are either stationary or nonstationary. Here the spurious break may still exist even with large panels. As a solution, an FD estimator is proposed. In Sec. 3.3, we discuss spurious break when a change point exists. The results in Bai (1997) for the time-series, Feng, Kao, and Lazarova (2009) for a homogeneous panel data model, and Baltagi, Feng, and Kao (2016) for a heterogeneous panel data model are discussed and compared. In Sec. 3.4, we further discuss a few extensions. We discuss change point estimation in a trend model, a model with a stationary or nonstationary regressor and/or error term, and a model with common factors. Sec. 3.5 compares OLS and FGLS-based Wald-tests in Emerson and Kao (2001) and Baltagi, Kao, and Liu (2019). Sec. 3.6 concludes.


The need for research on adult adoptees who are not searching has been suggested in the literature. Triseliotis (1973) said 'In the absence of a properly controlled group, it is difficult to say how far the adoptees who set out each year in search of their origins are similar to or different from those who never take such a step'. Izzard (1973) in reviewing the Triseliotis research mentioned the need for a comparison group to learn how those who search for birth parents differ from those who do not search. Dukette (1975) recommended that those who have had happy adoptions can help those who have had unhappy adoptions to accept themselves. Smith (1976) believed that the field of adoption needs to learn from both searching and non-searching adoptees. Jaffee (1974) suggested that the feelings and perceptions of adult adoptees can be used to benefit adoption practice. Despite such suggestions only one study had included both groups. Loper's (1976) dissertation compared three groups of 20 adult adoptees: adoptees with no interest in birth parents, adoptees with a passive interest in birth parents, and adoptees with an active interest in a reunion with birth parents. She compared the three groups on the Cattell Personality Factor Questionnaire and on social history variables. The groups differed from the average on different factors of the Cattell personality test. The no-interest group showed a personality profile of mostly average scores, except for 'experimenting' and 'self-sufficient'. The passive-interest group profile showed average scores, except for 'apprehensive' and 'tense'. The active interest group differed from the average on five scores: 'reserved', 'apprehensive', 'experimenting', 'self-sufficient', and 'tense'. Some social history factors showed a statistically significant difference among the three groups. The active interest group reported negative feelings towards adoptive parents, negative childhood feelings about adoption, and ignorance of information about birth parents. Loper's findings suggest that search for birth parents is related to negative developmental experiences. To add to this literature and to test some findings from previous studies the research reported herein was designed to compare adult adoptees who are not searching for their birth parents with adult adoptees who are searching for their birth parents. Specifically answers to the following questions were sought: 1 Are there differences in self-concepts of searching and non-searching adult adoptees? 2 Are there differences in attitudes towards adoptive parents in searching and nonsearching adult adoptees? 3 Are there differences in the experiences of searching and non-searching adult adoptees in.revelation of adoption in these areas: (a) age of revelation, (b) revelation by someone other than their adoptive parents, (c) feelings about the revelation of the adoption, and (d) amount of background information revealed? 4 Do both searching and non-searching adult adoptees desire more complete medical information and other background information? The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS), the Attitude Toward Parents Scales, Form M and F (Itkin, 1952, cited in Shaw and Wright, 1967), and a questionnaire on adoption were used. Item number 18 in the questionnaire on adoption asked, 'If all adult adoptees were divided into two groups,


A series of prodrugs of didanosine were synthesized in an effort to enhance the anti-HIV activity. The 5′-OH function of didanosine was esterified with different aryl piperazine acetic acid derivatives and evaluated for anti-HIV-1 activity in MT-4 cell line using the MTT assay method. Among the synthesized compounds, (tetrahydro-5-(1,6-dihydro-6-oxopurin-9-yl)furan-2-yl)methyl 2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)acetate (4b) was found to be the most potent compound with EC50 of 0.64 μM and was not toxic to the MT-4 cells up to 1000 μM with a selectivity index of >1562. Compound 4b was found to be seven times more potent than the parent drug didanosine (EC50 of 4.8 μM) in vitro. In vitro hydrolysis of the various esters in human plasma indicated that these agents were relatively stable toward plasma esterases with t1/2 ranging from 20–60 min.


Objective is to study the features of impaired activation of T and B lymphocytes in order to predicting severe cytomegalovirus infection in newborns. Materials and methods. 133 newborns with cytomegalovirus infection were examined. Immediately after diagnosing cytomegalovirus infection, all patients observed were immunologically ex amined, including assessing count of peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes, as well as their intercellular interaction by using flow cytometry immunostaining for CD3, CD3+CD28–, CD3+CD28+, CD3–CD28+, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD20+CD40+, CD28, CD40. The test was performed by using a Beckman Coulter Epics XL laser flow cytofluorometer. Depending on the condition severity, all children were divided into two groups: 1 — cytomegalovirus infection, severe form — 60 subjects (45.1%); 2 — cytomegalovirus infection, moderate form — 73 subjects (54.9%). Results of the entire set of studied indicators for cellular and humoral arms of immune system revealed statistically significant differences for the prognosis of severe cytomegalovirus infection: CD3+CD28–, CD20, CD20+CD40+, CD4. T lymphocytes with CD3+CD28+ activation markers, through which costimulating signals necessary for the activation of T helper cells are exerted cell-intrinsic features, serving as an important factor ensuring immune response. Using the "classification trees" method, we developed a differentiated approach to forecast severe cytomegalovirus infection in newborns. Systems of inequalities were obtained, four of which classify a subgroup of newborns with severe cytomegalovirus infection. The consistent application of the obtained inequalities makes it possible to isolate from the input stream of sick patients with a prognosis of the development of severe cytomegalovirus infection. The proposed diagnostic rules can be considered as screening markers for predicting a severe cytomegalovirus infection in newborns, which makes possible the timely onset of specific therapy.


In this article we consider a version of the vehicle-routing problem (VRP): A fleet of identical capacitated vehicles serves a system of one warehouse and N customers of two types dispersed in the plane. Customers may require deliveries from the warehouse, back hauls to the warehouse, or both. The objective is to design a set of routes of minimum total length to serve all customers, without violating the capacity restriction of the vehicles along the routes. The capacity restriction here, in contrast to the VRP without back hauls is complicated because amount of capacity used depends on the order the customers are visited along the routes. The problem is NP-hard. We develop a lower bound on the optimal total cost and a heuristic solution for the problem. The routes generated by the heuristic are such that the back-haul customers are served only after terminating service to the delivery customers. However, the heuristic is shown to converge to the optimal solution, under mildprobabilistic conditions, as fast as N-0.5. The complexity of the heuristic, as well as the computation of the lower bound, is U(N') if all customers have unit demand size and O(N3 log N) otherwise, independently of the demand sizes. 0 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Improvement of a physical distribution system may have crucial consequences for a business's performance. In certain sectors of the economy, transportation costs amount to a fifth (lumber and wood products) or even a quarter (petroleum, stone, clay, and glass products) of the average sales dollar; see [ 201. A careful design of the distribution system may thus yield significant cost savings to the company, usually by exploiting joint procurement possibilities to satisfy the needs of multiple locations. This potential for savings arises in particular in systems where goods are distributed through a fleet of vehicles combining visits to distinct locations into efficient routes. The problem we study here deals with a single-period, single-warehouse distribution system with two sets of customers dispersed in the plane. The first set, denoted by D, consists of delivery customers that require a delivery of goods from the warehouse, whereas the second set, denoted by B, consists of back-haul customers that need to deliver goods from their location to the warehouse. It is possible for a customer to require both a delivery and a back haul. (Note that the literature distinguishes between back-haul customers and pickup customers: A pickup customer may deliver goods to any of the delivery customers and the warehouse. In this research we restrict ourselves to delivery and back-haul customers only.) In order to avoid excessive notation we will assume a single-commodity problem, and in Section 5 we explain the modifications needed for the multicommodity case. Each customer is characterized by its geographic location and its requirement size for either delivery or back haul. The company's fleet of vehicles is used to deliver and back haul stock. All vehicles are assumed to have identical capacities. We use the Euclidean metric as the dis


The absorptions due to the 6.3-μ band of water vapor were measured for altitudes up to 92,000 ft. On the basis of these absorptions the humidity mixing ratio for the region above 92,000 ft was calculated, the calculated values ranging from 1.5×10−4 g/g to 3. × 0−4 g/g. The mixing ratio from 40,000 to 92,000 ft was also calculated, yielding values at least an order of magnitude lower than the values obtained above 92,000 ft. It is concluded that at least 20 μ of precipitable water was present above 92,000 ft over Alamogordo, New Mexico, on June 19, 1959.


We report a case of fixed cutaneous type sporotrichosis with atypical histopathologic findings in a 18-year-old male patient, who presented with a 1-year history of a 43 cm sized, crusted, erythematous plaque and several small erythematous papules on the left knee. The histopathologic findings showed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, abscess formation, chronic granulomatous inflammation and many PAS-positive fungal spores and hyphea in the dermis. Sporothrix schenckii was identified with fungal culture of biopsy specimen. The lesions improved with three pulses of itraconazole 400mg daily for a week per month.


We present a formula for the five-loop anomalous dimension of N = 4 SYM twist-three operators in the sl(2) sector. We obtain its asymptotic part from the Bethe Ansatz and finite volume corrections from the generalized Luscher formalism, considering scattering processes of spin chain magnons with virtual particles that travel along the cylinder. The complete result respects the expected large spin scaling properties and passes non-trivial tests including reciprocity constraints. We analyze the pole structure and find agreement with a conjectured resummation formula. In analogy with the twist-two anomalous di- mension at four-loops wrapping effects are of order (log 2 M/M 2 ) for large values of the spin.


It would be wrong to expect a consistent quality of a volume of essays, collected and edited on the occasion of a jubilee. Nevertheless, it must be said that practically all the essays in this book, collected and edited by Erich Feldmann and Ernst Meier on the occasion of the second lustrum celebrated by the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Filmund Fernsehen (German Society for film and television), are as sound and thorough as is once more charac teristic of those engaged in mass communication research in Germany, subsequent to the shameful Nazi period. One single contribution, that of Alphons Silbermann even rises beyond the level of scientific, thoroughness owing to a visionary quality which is exceptional not merely in German mass communication research. Since research in this field is usually restricted to empirical investigations, experiments with unknown, although assumed, quantities are not usually imdulged in. Yet, if research is meant to lead to the widest possible productive use of mass media, such vision and such experiments are just as indispensable as intuitive research is in the field of the natural sciences. Silbermann is already well known for his important theoretical work as former


This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of PDFs in the estimation of hydraulic properties. Wetting branch of soil water retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured by shani field method. Using the inverse method and based on the cumulative data in the field conditions, the soil water retention curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity was obtained. In order to quantitative evaluation, the statistical indicators were calculated in each method for different PDFs. The results showed that the PDF of Rawls and Brakensiek has better performance in compared to other PDFs with RMSE and GMER of 0.07526, 1.4233 respectively, but these functions are based on the drying branch and have no ability to estimate the wetting branch. For this reason, in this study, for each PDF,the regression equation was created to adjust the PDFs in order to estimate the wetting branch. using them the performance of all PDFs were improved, in total, PDF of Meyer Jarvis with RMSE and GMER of 0.03419 and 1.2234 respectively showed better performance compared to other PDFs. The performance of Saturated hydraulic conductivity PDFs was evaluated based on measured data of shani data.The results revealed that the PDF of cosby et al(1984) by RMSE, RE and GSDER of 4.51, 24.609 and 2.255 respectively ,presented better performance, Also using the performed observation the PDF obtained . This function with RMSE, RE and GSDER of 3.34×10-6 ,15.625 and 1.528 respectively revealed better performance than all PDFs.By Using different PDFs, characteristic curve was estimated and was compared to the inverse method The results showed ,that the PDF of Rawls and Brakensiek have better performance than other PDFs with RMSE and GMER of 0.0581 and 1.117 respectively. The saturated hydraulic conductivity that was obtained by the inverse method was evaluated with different PDFs estimation. Results showed that in all PDFs it's been underestimated. Among the different PDFs, the PDF of Weston by DT and GMER of 3.370 and 0.4191 respectively showed better performance. The model of fractal Rawls for saturated hydraulic conductivity of coarse soil pores was examined by with adjusted n of by Rasoulzadeh and et al(1391) and omidi and ghahreman(1387). The results showed that the Rawls fractal model with adjusted n of Rasoulzadeh et al(1391) have presented better estimation by DT and GMER of 5.756 and 3.337 respectively.


Could stratification economics provide a truly fresh approach to understanding (and ultimately addressing) global inequalities? Stratification economics is an emerging approach to analyzing global structures of economic inequality, and Africa is an especially productive arena for its application. In the magisterial Property, Institutions, and Social Stratification in Africa, Franklin Obeng-Odoom pulls together multiple strands of the still-forming field of stratification economics and applies them to multiple problems of development in Africa, including colonialism, corruption, dispossession, pollution, and the 'resource curse'. Key to Obeng-Odoom's approach to stratification economics is the role of rents, broadly construed. Although he (unfortunately) does not explicitly define 'rent' as used in his study, Obeng-Odoom clearly indicates that he incorporates multiple classical meanings of the term, including 'conceptions of rent from George, Marx, and Proudhon' (p. 48). In concert with these classical political economists, Obeng-Odoom views rent as primarily a social phenomenon, deriving from existing social relations and generating social relationships of their own. He uses rents as a tool for linking stratification economics to wider social science theories of intersectionality and the exercise of power. Obeng-Odoom's argument, in a nutshell, is that 'the existing diagnosis and resulting prescriptions presented by mainstream development economics and development studies not only fail to alleviate poverty, but also performatively contribute to creating and maintaining the structures of inequality and poverty' (p. 52). He backs up this bold assertion with a mountain of empirical evidence drawn from a multiplicity of African experiences. For example, land reform is examined through a series of national case studies of policies in Egypt, Ghana, South Africa, and Uganda, supplemented by brief detours to Ethiopia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, and Tanzania. The resource curse thesis is evaluated through detailed case study oil politics in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. 1057659 ISS0010.1177/02685809211057659International SociologyReviews: Social stratification other2021


Many studies have applied immersion tendency to divide users and predict their immersion before experiments. The immersion tendency questionnaire (ITQ) has been widely adopted in the measurement and classification of subjects. This study found that the results of dimension division were not consistent with the original ITQ (18 items) dimension division through factor analysis. Moreover, the present study showed that the media forms involved in items had certain influence on the division of dimensions through the analysis of the content of items. Further canonical correlation analysis proved that media usage was highly correlated with the immersion tendency measured by ITQ. These results suggested that the influence of media usage should be taken into account when revising or supplementing ITQ in future studies.


Objective To explore the effect and nursing method of postoperative application of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA) in patients undergoing digital replantation.Methods One hundred and fiftytwo patients undergoing digital replantation were randomly divided into two groups.PCIA group(107 patients) received continuous intravenous analgesic uniform infusion;the intramuscular injection(IM) group(45 patients) received intermittent intramuscular injection of pethidine according to the requirements of patients.Visual analogue score (VAS ) was used for evaluating postoperative pain levels at different times,drug adverse reactions and the incidence of vascular crisis of replanted fingers.Results The VAS sores in the IM group was higher than that in PCIA group (P 0.05 ).In postoperative incidence of vascular crisis of replanted fingers in the IM group was higher than that in PCIA group(P 0.05).Conclusion Postoperative application of PCIA in patients undergoing digital replantation has better analgesic effect,but more adverse reactions.The nurse should use the correct nursing intervention to reduce the analgeaic adverse reactions,and improve effect of analgesia.


The paper presents an analysis of the stress and deflections changes due to creep in statically determinate composite steel-concrete beams. The mathematical model involves the equation of equilibrium, compatibility, and constitutive relationship, that is, an elastic law for the steel part and an integral-type creep law of Boltzmann-Volterra for the concrete part. Based on the theory of the viscoelastic body of Arutyunian-Trost-Bažant for determining the redistribution of stresses in beam sections between a concrete plate and steel beam with respect to time t, two independent Volterra integral equations of the second kind have been derived. A numerical method based on linear approximation of the singular kernal function in the integral equation is presented. An example with the proposed model is investigated. The creep functions are suggested by the Gardner and Lockman model. The elastic modulus of concrete Ec(t) is assumed to be constant in time t.


Data recorded from 24,862 whales killed by British Columbia coastal whaling stations between 1908 and 1967 revealed trends in the abundance, sex ratios, age structure, and distribution of sperm (Physeter macrocephalus), fin (Balaenoptera physalus), sei (Balaenoptera borealis), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), and blue (Balaenoptera musculus) whales. The catch data were analyzed using annual and monthly mean values. Monthly and annual variation in whaling effort was deduced from accounts of the history of British Columbia coastal whaling, and biases arising from changes in effort were considered in the interpretation of the results. During the later years of whaling (1948-1967), the mean lengths of captured whales declined significantly and pregnancy rates dropped to near zero in fin, sei, and blue whales. Monthly patterns in numbers killed revealed a summer migration of sei and blue whales past Vancouver Island, and confirms anecdotal suggestions that local populations of fin and humpback whales once spent extended periods in the coastal waters of British Columbia. Furthermore, the data strongly suggest that sperm whales mated (April-May) and calved (July-August) in British Columbia's offshore waters. The historic whaling records reveal much about the migratory behavior and distribution of the large whales species as they once were, and may continue to be, in the northeastern Pacific. Verifying the persistence of these trends in the remnant populations is a necessary and logical next step.


Objective To investigate the role of adenosine A2A receptor plays in retinal pathological neovascularization in mice.Methods A total of 202 mice were divided into room-air group (n =66) and oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR) group (n=136).Among room-air group,there were 18 A2A knock-out (KO) mice (KO subgroup) and 24 C57BL/6 mice as wide type (wide type subgroup).OIR group were divided into OIR control subgroup (n =48),A2A-OIR subgroup (n =24) and Caffeine-OIR subgroup (n =64).The retinal neovascularization of OIR group was induced by oxygen.The pathological neovascularization was determined by retinal sections.Fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure the mRNA expression of A2A and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).0.1,0.3,1.0 g/L Caffeine was dissolve in drinking water of lactating females in Caffeine-OIR subgroup,non-perfusion areas of retina in mice at the age of 0-17,0-7,7-17,7-12,and 12-17 days were analyzed in different dosage and when the dosage as 1.0 g/L.Results Compared with OIR control subgroup,the retinal non-perfusion areas and the numbers of endothelial cell nuclei breaking through the internal limiting membrane in A2A-OIR subgroup were reduced significantly (t =7.694,7.747; P <0.001).Compared with wide type subgroup,the level of A2A and VEGF mRNA in OIR control subgroup increased significantly (t=4.036,2.230; P<0.05).Compared with OIR control subgroup,the level of VEGF mRNA in A2A-OIR subgroup decreased significantly (t=3.122,P<0.01).Compared with OIR control subgroup,the retinal non perfusion areas in mice at the dosage of 0.1 and 1.0 g/L (t=2.397,4.533) and at the age of 0-17,0-7 days when the dosage as 1.0 g/L (t=4.070,2.399) were reduced significantly (P<0.05).Conclusions The expression of adenosine A2A receptor increases in oxygeninduced retinal pathological neovascularization..Adenosine A2A receptor may regulate the expression of VEGF.A2A receptor inactivation can inhibit oxygen-induced retinal pathological neovascularization.

Key words:
Retinal neovascularization/physiopathology;  Receptor, adenosine A2A;  Caffeine


The paper discusses the teaching methods of modern university in three aspects: the basic connotation of the teaching methods of modern university;the basic features of the teaching methods of modern university;the improvement,optimization and innovation of the teaching methods of modern university.


We propose a simulated annealing (SA) based neural network (NN) optimization approach for designing an area and power efficient hardware model for multilayer perceptrons. Our approach targets optimizing the hidden layer neuron weights to integer values. For each SA move, the subset of the hidden weights is perturbed at random. The perturbation amount ($p$) is set proportional to the annealing temperature ($T$). All the newly generated weights that are proximate to integers are rounded to the nearest integer to produce an optimized model. To further minimize the hardware, register resizing and operator strength reduction are applied. The objective of preserving the model's accuracy is favored in our approach. Our proposed methodology is validated using five MLP benchmarks. We find the most optimal solution when the temperature reduction rate ($\alpha$) is 0.99 and the number of iterations ($N$) at each temperature ($T$) is 10K. With an average model accuracy degradation of 2.74%, the average savings for the best case scenario for area, power, and FFs are 27.53%, 27.28%, and 27.71%, respectively.


Interactions between pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and 4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid with Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) ions were characterized in aqueous solutions (20°C; I = 0.4 (KNO3)) by means of dc-polarography. In solutions with excess of ligand, Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) form 1:2 complexes with the tridentate dianion of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (dipic2−) from weak acid to alkaline solutions. The values of log β2 for Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) are 16.1, 11.8, and 11.0, respectively. The complexing ability of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid is higher in acid solutions and lower in alkaline solutions than that of 4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid. This difference is attributed to the OH-group, which can deprotonate in basic pH. In acid solutions the OH-group acts as an electron acceptor and reduces the electron donation available to the nitrogen atom in 4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, whereas in alkaline solutions the OH-group is deprotonated, and the deprotonated O− group acts as an electron donor and increases the coordination ability of the ligand. The triple-deprotonated anion of 4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (chel3-) forms a stable diligand complex with Cu(II), the stability constant logarithm being 21.5 ± 0.2.© 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:625–632, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10203


This experiment allows for the use of commonly available "natural" material with a minimum of sample preparation for an introductory tlc experiment.


It is important for parents to find the time to interact directly with their child whenever they can. That means ensuring too many other things do not get in the way, says Annette Rawstrone.


Gas flow control is important factor that influence the concentration of process gas and the pressure of process chamber. In silicon semiconductor manufacturing process, the flow rate of process gas is controlled by flow controller, and gas concentration is controlled by adjusting with the ratio between process gas and dilution gas. However, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) that often used as source gas for interlayer dielectric is liquid state at room temperature, and it is difficult to control the flow rate of TEOS for its low vapor pressure. Thus, the method to carry the vapor of TEOS by carrier gas such as bubbling method is the main stream at present. We developed gas flow control system based on pressure measurement (FCS) that provide greater performance in stability and response of flow control than mass flow controller (MFC) [1]. Fig. 1 shows the simplified schematic diagram of sectional view of FCS. FCS is constructed of control valve, pressure sensor and orifice plate from gas inlet. Here, upstream pressure of orifice plate is P1 and downstream pressure of orifice plate is P2. When the relationship between P1 and P2 become P1 2P2, the flow rate of gas through orifice is constant at sonic speed. FCS controls flow rate of gas using this law and the flow rate vary in direct proportion to P1. Moreover, we developed FCS for high temperature (HT-FCS) to control MO gases that are low vapor pressure at room temperature. HT-FCS can operate precisely in heating condition up to 250 . FCS and HTFCS control P1 with high speed control responsiveness at any time. So, the gas flow rate by controlled FCS and HTFCS don't vary at all, when supply pressure varies rapidly. And we developed new vaporizer that takes advantage of this property of HT-FCS and liquid source supply system (LSCS) was developed by combining HT-FCS and this vaporizer. Fig.2 shows the simplified schematic diagram of sectional view of LSCS. The vaporizer has three chambers to heat MO gas effectively. The first chamber is entered liquid source and vaporization of the liquid source occurs. Gas vaporized in first chamber pass through second and third chambers and the flow rate of gas are controlled by HT-FCS placed in downstream of vaporizer. Supply of the liquid source to vaporizer is controlled by switching operation of valve (V1) and vaporizer pressure is measured by pressure sensor (P0). Fig.3 shows schematic diagram of control sequence of vaporizer pressure. When the liquid source is in the first chamber, vaporizer pressure indicates vapor pressure value corresponding to heating temperature of vaporizer (Point ). However, when the supply of gas is performed continuously, the liquid source in first chamber finally becomes empty. At the same moment, the vaporizer pressure starts decreasing (Point ). This decreasing of vaporizer pressure continuously occurs and the vaporizer pressure achieves threshold pressure that is preset. When vaporizer pressure decreases to threshold pressure, the liquid source is supplied into the vaporizer by opening V1 (Point ). And vaporizer pressure recovers the value corresponding to heating temperature (Point and ). Here, V1 opens at a preset time for adjust supply quantity of liquid source (Point ). By performing these control, the vaporizer pressure are kept higher than the threshold pressure. And as previously explained, HT-FCS can control gas flow rate stably, if vaporizer pressure vary widely by this sequence. Fig. 4 shows the flow control result of TEOS by using LSCS. The flow rate and vaporizer pressure were plotted in this figure. From the result, after the vaporizer pressure decreased to 40 kPa abs., the vaporizer pressure recovered to 47kPa abs.. The pressure value of 40kPa abs. was the threshold pressure that liquid TEOS was supplied in vaporizer. This recovery showed that liquid TEOS was supplied in vaporizer and vaporization of TEOS was occurred. As a result, the vaporizer pressure could be kept at 40kPa abs. and the flow rate of TEOS was kept constant by set up the threshold pressure above control pressure. The result shows that the developed system can supply the controlled flow rate stably by vaporizing MO material with the quantity need at each time. [1] M.Nagase et al., Jpn. J.Appl. Phys., 40, 5168 (2001).


1. NOAH HOROWITZ, ART OF THE DEAL: CONTEMPORARY ART IN A GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKET 153 (2011) ("The watershed study of historical art prices is Gerald Reitlinger's The Economics of Taste, published in three volumes between 1961 and 1970 .... [He concluded that] '[b]y the middle of the 1950s, after two world wars, a world financial depression, and a world wave of currency inflation, "art as an investment" had lost any stigma that it might once have possessed."'); Kyle Sommer, The Art of Investing in Art, J.P. MORGAN (2013), http://www .jpmorgan.com/country/US/en/jpmorgan/is/thought/magazine/3Q2013/art [http://perma .cc/6H5R-JW9E] ("Art has long been considered an i vestment of passion .... Only recently has art investing been viewed through the lens of modem portfolio theory . . . .").


Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing the interpretation of medical images, helping healthcare professionals save time on magnetic scans, CT scans and X-rays. Stroke is a global health problem, and ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in humans. Symptoms of an ischemic stroke appear suddenly and worsen within minutes, as most ischemic strokes occur suddenly, progress rapidly, and lead to the death of brain tissue within minutes or hours. This is why early detection of stroke is essential and remains a challenge for neurophysicists. Neurophysicists routinely use a variety of detection techniques to detect, assess and evaluate the ex-tent of premature ischemic changes in acute stroke brain imaging. Although several effective techniques exist, these methods have limitations due to unenhanced CT scans and invasive techniques. This study aims to demonstrate the limitations of certain methods, to determine detection methods by comparing the detection performance of automated and human brains. Stroke was evaluated through a literature review of recent studies.This article highlights comparative studies of different artificial intelligence (AI) techniques using medical imaging and allows the authors to orient themselves within these comparative studies, thus projecting themselves into the challenges facing artificial intelligence.


A theoretical analysis of the system of population reproduction is presented. Particular attention is given to the social and psychological factors that affect demographic behavior. (summary in ENG) (ANNOTATION)


An author examines basic methodological principles of optimization of educational training process. These principles allow to study the different ways of construction, organization of educational training process, process of intercommunication of trainer and sportsman for achieving the best sporting result.


In this article, the stability robustness of repetitive control (RC) in the grid-tied inverter is discussed. Due to the limited control band, high-frequency characteristics of the control plant are seriously affected by the modeling and parameter uncertainties, which can lead to RC controller instability. Then, an infinite impulse response (IIR) low-pass filter is applied inside the internal model of RC to improve the stability robustness. To alleviate the effects of the RC gain reduction induced by the phase lag of the IIR filter, an approximated simple computational method of the phase compensation is proposed. The situation of the gain attenuation and frequency deviation of RC caused by the IIR filter is analyzed, and a method that modifies the phase compensator in real time for the IIR filter is applied to resist the grid frequency variation. Parameter design is provided in details, and comparison experiments are performed in different uncertainty situations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


We consider damping and absorption of solar p modes due to their energy loss to magnetic tube waves that can freely carry energy out of the acoustic cavity. The coupling of p modes and sausage tube waves is studied in a model atmosphere composed of a polytropic interior above which lies an isothermal upper atmosphere. The sausage tube waves, excited by p modes, propagate along a magnetic fibril which is assumed to be a vertically aligned, stratified, thin magnetic flux tube. The deficit of p-mode energy is quantified through the damping rate, Γ, and absorption coefficient, α. The variation of Γ and α as a function of frequency and the tube's plasma properties is studied in detail. Previous similar studies have considered only a subphotospheric layer, modeled as a polytrope that has been truncated at the photosphere. Such studies have found that the resulting energy loss by the p modes is very sensitive to the upper boundary condition, which, due to the lack of an upper atmosphere, have been imposed in a somewhat ad hoc manner. The model presented here avoids such problems by using an isothermal layer to model the overlying atmosphere (chromosphere, and, consequently, allows us to analyze the propagation of p-mode-driven sausage waves above the photosphere. In this paper, we restrict our attention to frequencies below the acoustic cut off frequency. We demonstrate the importance of coupling all waves (acoustic, magnetic) in the subsurface solar atmosphere with the overlying atmosphere in order to accurately model the interaction of solar f and p modes with sausage tube waves. In calculating the absorption and damping of p modes, we find that for low frequencies, below ≈3.5 mHz, the isothermal atmosphere, for the two-region model, behaves like a stress-free boundary condition applied at the interface (z = −z0).


Background: Hemangiopericytoma is an uncommon vascular tumor derived from the pericytes of Zimmermann, representing only a small proportion of head and neck tumors, and mostly occurring in the sinonasal tract. Case report: We report two cases of hemangiopericytoma of the sinonasal tract in a 78-year-old woman and a 77-yearold man, both presenting with symptoms of frequent epistaxis. In Case 1, a purple tumor was identified originating from the posterior olfactory fissure in the left nasal cavity. To reduce bleeding from the tumor, the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries were cauterized via a transconjunctival incision approach prior to tumor removal. The tumor in Case 2 was arising from the posterior region of the right nasal septum. In Case 2, intensive bleeding was seen during biopsy. To reduce the bleeding and surgical time for the subsequent operation, preoperative angiography and embolization were performed. We removed the tumors en bloc in both cases by endoscopic operation. Results: In these cases, postoperative histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed sinonasal hemangiopericytoma. Endoscopic and radiological follow-ups showed no recurrences within 5 years. Conclusion: Sinonasal hemangiopericytomas were diagnosed histologically. Immunohistochemical analyses were helpful for tumor diagnosis. Herein we discuss the diagnosis and treatment of hemangiopericytoma.


Novel applications in nanotechnology rely on the design of tailored nanoarchitectures. For this purpose, carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles are intensively investigated. In this work, we study the influence of nonfunctionalized carbon nanotubes on the synthesis of CdSe nanoparticles by means of organometallic colloidal routes. This new synthesis methodology not only provides an effective path to attach nanoparticles noncovalently to carbon nanotubes but represents also a new way to control the shape of nanoparticles.


Because Taiwan is export-oriented and highly connected with the US in terms of trade, Quantitative Easing (QE) of the Federal Reserve System (FED) had significant negative impacts on Taiwan. We examine several possible solutions for these negative impacts via the Delphi technique and the Analytic Hierarchy Process, synthesizing judgements from experts. The empirical results point out that a "negative influence on international trade affairs" is the predominant main criteria, and "improvement of international trade and investment regulations", "easing the impact of increases in the prices of raw materials obtained internationally", and "raising the competitiveness of the nation's export industry" are important sub-criteria. Especially, "improvement of international trade and investment regulations" corresponds with the global imbalance phenomenon. To strengthen the trade environment in Taiwan, experts suggest that an overall improvement in balance of payment is necessary that encompasses investment activities and trade regulations. We look forward our results offering useful suggestions.


. This paper analytically describes the local geometry of a generalized (κ,µ) -manifold M(η,ξ,φ, g ) with κ < 1 which satisfies the condition "the function µ is constant along the integral curves of the characteristic vector field ξ ". This class of manifolds is especially rich, since it is possible to construct in R 3 two families of such manifolds, for any smooth function κ ( κ < 1) of one variable. Every family is determined by two arbitrary functions of one variable.


In order to make software running 24/7/365 without stopping,it requires program can evolve dynamically.Several kinds of program evolution are analysied,then purpose basic steps of dynamic software evolution.It also studies several key-points concerned to dynamic evolution.At the end of the paper,an example is implemented,and analyses the result.


Morphological ly atypical mi tochondr ia have been reported by m a n y investigators. Those possessing a cupped shape have been found in presumably normal cells of endocrine organs of widely differing species. Christensen and C h a p m a n (1) observed them in interstitial cells of the a lbino ra t testis and report tha t they have also seen t hem in Sertoli cells of the same tissue. T h r o u g h personal communicat ions , they report observations of cupshaped rni tochondria by Fawcet t in opossum Leydig cells, and by I to in nurse cells of Drosophila testis. Two reports of similarly shaped mitochondr ia have been made in conjunct ion with spermatogenesis, specifically in conjunct ion with the formation of the nebenkern of the grasshopper spermatozoa (2) and the nebenkern homologue in the scorpion (3). I t thus appears tha t cup-shaped mi tochondr ia are found relatively frequently in testicular tissue. DeRober t is and Sabat ini (4) report a complex mi tochondr ia l change in the adrenal cortex of the normal hamster , which they believe to be a degenerat ing form. These mitochondr ia bear a striking resemblance to those described by Christensen and C h a p m a n (1). M u n g e r (5) has shown tha t Beta cells of the islets in embryonic mouse pancreas sometimes have cupshaped mitochondria .


A liquid-phase UF/sub 6/ enrichment measurement instrument for International Safeguards monitors enrichment plant output by giving the inspectorate an accurate real time indication of product enrichment. This provides (1) an immediate indication of enrichment levels greater than declared and (2) information which can be coupled with weight data for material accountancy. The basic monitor continuously measures the percent /sup 235/U in a constant volume of liquid UF/sub 6/ by counting the 186 keV gamma rays interacting with the NaI(Tl) detector. This count and the background count are multiplied by calibration constants to arrive at the percent enrichment. This basic monitor has been adapted to international safeguards applications by reducing the size of the electronics package and adding tamper protection. Physical tamper protection is provided by an anodized tamper indicating container. Data tamper protection results from using an encryption algorithm which authenticates both the data content and source. It also allows both the inspectorate and the operator access to the data. A prototype of this monitor is operating at the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant (ORGDP) together with a computerized data collection system for gathering data during the operational evaluation. This evaluation in progress demonstrates that the system can provide verymore » useful information in the safeguarding of enrichment plants.« less


The author approaches the topic through infant observation. At the age of eight months the baby moves in the borderland between the physical and the symbolic. When the baby hurts herself, she needs the mother's arms to protect her: at the same time, her budding spoken symbol "mama" is comforting in itself, it carries the memory of the mother's arms. Can speech - tone of voice, rhythm, pauses - and the moments of loss, absence, the losing of self also be intertwined? The author discusses the question of how trauma starts to live in speech through two patients. She talks about "a silent language" which speaks in between the words and sentences - changes the rhythm of speech, makes lose words, tears a hole in speech. This "silent language" talks about trauma, reaches for its very essence - a bodily experience and meaning to the wholeness/disruption of self.


Let {Vj,j?Z} be a MRA of the spaceL2(R),ha tempered distribution, andhjits projection toVj,j?Z. Then we prove that ifhhas the quasiasymptotic behavior at zero related to a regularly varying function, then so does eachhj,j?Z, and also prove, with an additional condition, the opposite statement.


Abstract : Navy policy with respect to the support of Research and Development in the field of environmental protection is examined in some detail. Directives from the President, Secretary of the Navy, and Chief of Naval Operations all indicate that this sort of activity is a valid one for the Navy. Suggestions for setting priorities are listed to make the selection of specific projects as meaningful and relevant as possible. (Author)


The knowledge economy offers an unprecedented opportunity for women's development, and presents even higher demands on women's own quality. Only their own overall quality is continuously improved, can women fully embody their own values of life in the knowledge e-conomy era.


The research objective is to test and analyze the effect of Cash Turnover, Net Interest Margin, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Operational Efficiency and Cost Efficiency (BOPO) on return on assets (ROA) in Conventional Banking Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2012-2016 period. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research. The nature of the research is explanatory research design. The research model is multiple linear regression. The results of this study are that Cash turnover has a significant and partially significant effect on return on assets (ROA) in Conventional Banking Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2012-2016 Period. Net Interest margin has a significant and partially significant effect on return on assets (ROA) in Conventional Banking Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2012-2016 period. The loan to deposit ratio has a significant and partial effect on return on assets (ROA) in Conventional Banking Registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2012-2016 period. Operational Efficiency and Cost Efficiency (BOPO) has a partial and significant effect on return on assets (ROA) in Conventional Banking Registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2012-2016 period. Cash Turnover, Net Interest Margin, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Operational Efficiency and Cost Efficiency (BOPO) have a significant and simultaneously significant effect on return on assets (ROA) in Conventional Banking Registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2012-2016.


In 1990 two novel designs of 'field mill' fieldmeter were described [2] which do not use the traditional arrangement with an earthed rotating chopper. The instruments described were based on 'constant capacitance' and 'back to back' fieldmeter operation. This paper reports the experience gained since 1990 in the operation of commercial instruments based on both the above principles. Also included are comments on features required for high performance and reliable long term continuous operation. Experience has been that although the 'back to back' fieldmeter approach appears more complex, both mechanically and electronically the complexities can be handled without difficulty so that the significant benefits can be realised. The main benefits from avoiding the need to earth the rotating chopper are: 1) avoidance of wear of earthing brushes: which means long and quiet operational life, limited only by the motor drive and bearings 2) avoidance of drag of earthing brushes: which means easy operation at high rotational speeds so fast response fieldmeters are feasible 3) avoidance of the need for special precious metal alloys for the earthing brushes, the careful mechanical setting required and the progressive degradation of zero noise as brushes wear. To minimise the influence of contamination all surfaces within the sensing region need to be gold plated and gaps between surfaces need to be large to minimise the influence of dust and surface contamination and to avoid the risk of bridging by fibres. For operation in wet environments (for example for measurement of atmospheric electric fields) critical gaps need to be at least 6mm to avoid water bridging. Long surface insulation paths are needed.


ABSTRACT Silicon (Si) is classified as a beneficial element in higher plants. Although there is an abundance of literature on Si extraction and analysis in graminaceous crops such as rice and sugarcane, there is limited information on the validation of these methods for most dicotyledonous horticultural crops. These methods include gravimetric extraction, which requires a larger sample size the smaller the Si content in the test plant. A autoclave inductive digestion is considered effective by some and criticized by others due to the use of a strong oxidant and its sensitivity to the level of Si in the plant material. Microwave digestion method occurs in a closed system, which avoids contamination, is quick and results in a high recovery rate due to its high extraction temperature. The aim of this experiment was to validate Si measurement following microwave digestion using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and molybdenum blue colorimetry. The recovery of Si additions as SiO2 was 82%-96% by ICP-OES and 85–94% by colorimetry. The recoveries did not differ between measurement methods (P > .05) but the ICP-OES results were more consistent. The limit of detection for Si determination by means of ICP-OES and that for the spectrophotometry method were 48 µg L−1 and 200 µg L− 1, respectively.


Abstract Using behavioral role play, in vivo, and self-reported giving and receiving criticism behaviors, we examined Canadian male and female students with comparable fear of negative evaluation for sex differences. We hypothesized that men and women would demonstrate equivalent role play and in vivo criticism skills but that women would devalue their skills on self-report measures on the theoretical grounds that possessing criticism skills would render them less likeable as women. The results supported the hypothesis.


The segmentation tool presented in this article takes advantage of orientation selection mechanisms which appear in the visual cortex, so that fine, well-situated edges are obtained in a grey-scale image. The search for the best spatial resolution limits our study to the central part of the fovea. The first part of this article deals with a schematic description of the path followed by visual information in the brain and, in particular, from the eye to the primary visual cortex. The model used accepts spatial grouping by the horizontal cells in Gaussian form, and takes advantage of the center-surround antagonism of the bipolar cells found on the retina. The model obtained, which is quite insensitive to noise, reconciles very well the different characteristics of the natural images without setting the parameters. The structure of operations employed in order to carry this out allows a real-time implementation on neural network or pipeline hardware to be envisaged.<<ETX>>


Stimulated Emission and Pump-Probe studies were performed in GaN, InGaN, and AlGaN epilayers as well as GaN/AlGaN separate confinement heterostructures. We show that in GaN epilayers the near-threshold gain mechanism is inelastic exciton-exciton scattering for temperatures below approximately 150 K, whereas at elevated temperatures electron-hole plasma is the dominant gain mechanism. An analysis of the relative shift between the spontaneous emission and lasing peaks in SCH samples, combined with the temperature dependence of the lasing threshold, reveals that exciton-exciton scattering is the dominant gain mechanisms leading to low-threshold UV lasing in the GaN/AlGaN SCH over the entire temperature range studied. We further performed optical pumping of AlGaN epilayers at different temperatures. Stimulated emission has been observed in AlxGa1-xN thin films for Al concentrations as high as x = 0.26, with a resultant stimulated emission wavelength as low as 328 nm at room temperature. This result indicated that AlGaN-based structures are suitable not only for use in deep-UV detectors, but also as a potential source of deep-UV laser radiation. The interband optical transitions in GaN and InGaN have also been studied at 10 K and room temperature using nondegenerate nanosecond optical pump-probe techniques. At low temperatures, strong, well- resolved features were seen in the absorption and reflection spectra corresponding to the 1s A and B exciton transitions. Broadening and decrease in intensity of these features were studied as the function of excitation pump density. We found that values of induced transparency and induced absorption are extremely large in GaN epilayers. The pump-probe results in GaN epilayers were directly compared to ones obtained from InGaN films. Significant differences in near-bandedge absorption changes were clearly observed between the two materials.


This article has in its essence the objective of producing reflections about the work developed in theater classes with Youth and Adult Education, in a public school in the city of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. During one quarter we performed activities with theatrical games and creation of scenes using the technique of Newspaper Theater as a pedagogical resource. As theoretical bases were used the theories of the Theater of the Oppressed, by Augusto Boal, and the Pedagogy of the Oppressed, by Paulo Freire.


Directional correlation measurements were made on the 356 to S2 kev, 301 to 82 kev, and 8O to 82 kev gammagamma cascades in Cs/sup 133/ following the decay of 8-year half-life Ba/sup 133/ with a coincidence scintillation spectrometer using NaI detectors. The observed correlation functions are: W( theta ) = 1. + (0.042 theta 0.005) P/sub 2/ (cos theta ) - (0.0041 plus or minus


The authors report the progress of {Lambda}{sup 0}{sub b} baryon search in the decay chains {Lambda}{sup 0}{sub b} {yields} J/{Psi}{Lambda}, J/{Psi} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup {minus}}, {Lambda} {yields} {pi}p and {Lambda}{sup 0}{sub b} {yields} J/{psi}{Lambda}{sup **}(1520), J/{Psi} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup {minus}}, {Lambda}{sup **}(1520) {yields} Kp using data obtained at the Collider Detector at Fermilab in {bar p}p collisions at {radical}s = 1800 GeV. The integrated luminosity collected so far allows the authors to probe values of F({Lambda}{sup 0}{sub b})Br({Lambda}{sup 0}{sub b} {yields} X) in the 10{sup {minus}4} range.


Gold nanowires decorated with sphere tops and Y-branch ends were deposited in anodic alumina templates to achieve ultra-wideband absorption in middle infrared. Thermal radiation characteristics is discussed for thermal signature camouflage and radiation cooling.


At the present time, the manufacture of structures of complex shape becomes real. In the process of operation, the geometry of the structural elements can also change due to defects. However, the definition of strength is not simplified. A model of cyclic shells of complex geometry based on three-dimensional finite elements is described. Examples of calculation are considered


A procedure is described for producing prothrombin complex concentrates from human citrate plasma by adsorption to DEAE-sephadex A 50. The technical appliances developed are described. As compared with the level of technology an efficient manufacture of the preparations can be ensured by essentially simplifying the technique at a charge volume of 10 l.


This paper presents an efficient methodology for the estimation of multibeam antenna system performance for satellite applications with a large number of beams typically required in very high throughput satellite systems. A typical antenna system composed of four offset reflectors with feed systems in a single-feed-per-beam configuration is used to achieve full Earth coverage. Acceleration techniques are applied to estimate farfield patterns for each beam with the aim of finding a trade-off between accuracy and computation time on system level metrics, such as aggregate gain and C/I. The software obtained as part of this work is of interest for payload trade-offs and parametric studies.


The article provides an overview of scientific publications in the field of functional planning organization of cultural and leisure facilities. The analysis of the works made it possible to systematize the available data on the research topic and identify promising directions for studying the architectural-typological and functional-planning characteristics of modern cultural and leisure facilities.


Considering the excellent results that the illiterate Sancho Panza obtained as governor (In a word, he made so many good rules that to this day they are preserved there, and are called The Constitutions of the Great Governor Sancho Panza), the purpose of this paper is to analyze in depth the counsels that Sancho Panza received by Don Quixote and to probe whether these counsels could be still valid for modern leaders or not. The paper is conceptual. Considering the emphasis placed on virtues, the model can have some practical implications in the field of recruitment, promotion, leadership and organization. Introduction and Purpose The mystery of what leaders can and ought to do in order to spark the best performance from their people is age-old. In recent years, that mystery has spawned an entire cottage industry: literally thousands of "leadership experts" have made careers of testing and coaching, all in pursuit of creating businesspeople who can turn bold objectives into reality. Still, effective leadership eludes many people and organizations (Goleman, 2000). What is leadership – I mean, what is a possible definition of an effective leadership that has been really tested on the field several times with good results? U.S. Field Manual 6-22, Army Leadership, defines leadership as the process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation while operating to accomplish the mission and improving the organization. So, according to this definition, the objective of leaders is not only to reach the objective, but also to improve the consistency of the organization. These double objectives could only be reached when leaders are able to surpass their individualism and look after the benefits of the people and the entire organization. A sort of leadership like this could only be founded on strong character, based on virtues. In fact, virtues, as expressed by a lot of philosophers in the past, are the only way to excellence. Virtues represent the moral patrimony of man, since they help him to behave in all circumstances. The 400th anniversary of the publication of the novel Don Quijote de la Mancha, fully titled Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, was celebrated in 2005. Written by Miguel de Cervantes, and published in two volumes a decade apart (in 1605 and 1615), Don Quixote is the most influential work of literature from the Spanish Golden Age literary canon. As a founding work of modern Western literature, and one of the earliest canonical novels, it regularly appears high on lists of the greatest works of fiction ever published. Winner of the Best Paper Award at the 6th Annual Symposium of the Financial Services Institute, International Dimensions of New Regulations: Effects on Consumers, Corporate Governance, Financial Markets and Accounting Practice. Held at St John's University, 101 Murray Street, New York City, September 8-10, 2011. The protagonist of the book is Alonso Quijano, Don Quixote, a retired country gentleman nearing 50 years of age, who lives in an unnamed section of La Mancha (In a village of La Mancha, the name of which I have no desire to call to mind, there lived not long since one of those gentlemen that keep a lance in the lance-rack, an old buckler, a lean hack, and a greyhound for


The availability of stereophotometrically recorded human body data will permit us to better characterize three-dimensional shape, and to develop statistical techniques to take advantage of these mathematical characterizations. We have used whole-body data sets to simulate surface shape changes during body movements, and to provide surface contours for the design of anthropomorphic crash test manikins. Higher density face data are currently being used for surface contour comparisons, landmark spatial distribution analyses, and subregion delineations.


Objectives
The aim of this study is to compare efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation versus operation for overmuch residual thyroid removal before 131I treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer.

Methods
Clinical data from 52 newly diagnosed differentiated thyroid cancer patients who treated with operation at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The serum TSH was less than 30 IU/ml, and 99mTc thyroid imaging and ultrasound examination showed obviously residual thyroid tissue after 3 weeks of low iodine diet and discontinuation of euthyrox. Of these patients, 28 cases received radiofrequency, while 24 cases treated with operation. The operation time, the waiting time of 131I treatment and the efficacy of residual thyroid tissue clearance were compared between two groups. At the same time, the complications of the two groups were observed.

Results
The mean values of operation time between two groups were (22.14±7.12) min and (55.45±13.56) min, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference (t=11.822, P 0.05). 85.7% (24/28) of patients in RFA group and 91.7% (22/24) in operation group showed favorable efficacy of residual thyroid removal, and there were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion
Compared with operation, postsurgical residual thyroid tissue removal in differentiated thyroid cancer by ultrasound guided radiofrequency ablation by ultrasound guided is safe and effective, and provides a new minimally invasive treatment for patients who are reluctant to undergo surgery.

Key words:
Thyroid neoplasms; Ablation techniques; Ultrasonography


ATTITUDE COMPARISON AMONG SOUTH DAKOTA FAMILY MEMBERS REGARDING ESTATE PLANNING AND FARM TRANSITIONS HEATHER GESSNER 2016 Estate planning and intergenerational farm transitions are the focus of research and extension programs across the nation due to the potential tax consequences faced by farm operations, retirement funding options available and utilized by farmers, changes in asset transition tools available, and communication (or lack of communication) issues related to bringing an heir back to the family operation. Past plans for research projects and extension programming developed across the nation and in South Dakota (SD), were created with many assumptions regarding the attitudes of farm family members towards the transition of ownership of the operational assets and personal assets of the landowner generation, and towards the transition of workload or labor and management responsibilities. However, no one had asked the family members about these attitudes. This research seeks to identify these attitudes. The research analysis is based on primary data from an online survey of South Dakota farm family members. These members were categorized as the landowner generation (current owner of the operational assets), returning to the operation heir (on-farm heir), off-farm heir (heir that has a career and, or, family not actively involved with the farm operation), spouse of the on-farm heir, and spouse of the off-farm heir. The survey included two sections: estate planning and transition planning. Statements elicited information used to analyze prior assumptions.


This paper describes a technique to identify the important features in fatigue road load datathat cause the majority of the total damage. Fatigue damaging events, called bumps, areextracted from the original road load time history using a wavelet-based algorithm, calledWavelet Bump Extraction (WBE). WBE can be used to produce a mission signal that retainsmost of the fatigue damage whilst preserving the cycle sequences. Bumps are identified fromcharacteristics frequency bands by means of the orthogonal wavelet transform based on 12thorder of Daubechies wavelet functions. The bump identification process has been evaluatedby analysing two variable amplitude fatigue loadings with WBE in which both data sets weremeasured on a road vehicle suspension arm. In this study the total damage caused by thecombination of all bump events was close to the original data sets. The findings suggest thatWBE is a suitable approach for mission synthesis applications by producing a shortenedmission signal for accelerated fatigue test


This study presents the fabrication of micro cylindrical diamond gr inding wheels with diameters from 100 to 500 μm by electroplating of diamond grits in a W atts bath and the manufacturing of micro-structured surfaces assisted by ultrasonic vibration. As a substrate material for micro electroplated wheels, ultra-fine grain cemented carbide was chosen to make the tools more rigid. The fabrication process of the micro wheels consists of cle aning the substrate surface and electroplating the diamond grits. In the present work the electrolyt ic degreasing is performed in addition to the conventional cleaning. This degreasing is found to be effec tive to enhance the adherence between substrate material and electroplated layer. The best adherence is obtained at a degreasing time of 5 min. Using the fabricated wheels, drilling and grooving of sil ic n and stainless steel were performed. In these machining processes application of ultrasonic vibration helps to reduce the wheel loading and sometimes minimizes the dropping of grits from the tool sur face.


Abstract— The cyclic stress-strain response of two heats of austenitic stainless steel 3 16L was experimentally studied under a wide range of cyclic plastic strain amplitudes. Three domains on the cyclic stress- strain curve were found. In the middle domain the plateau behaviour corresponds to fatigue softening. The domain at low plastic strain amplitudes is characterized by stabilized behaviour and the domain of the highest plastic strain amplitudes by continuous hardening. Individual domains were correlated with observed dislocation structures. The existence of the plateau can be related to the localization of the cyclic strain into persistent slip bands. A Manson-Coffin plot of the material over a wide cyclic amplitude range is curved and can be approximated by a double logarithmic dependence.


The Minimum Service Standard for toll road services is needed to ensure the achievement of comfort, smoothness, and traffic safety for road users. The Minimum Service Standard that applies to all toll roads in Indonesia is the Minimum Service Standard, which refers to the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 392/PRT/M/2005 on Minimum Service Standards for Toll Road. Monitoring and evaluation of the fulfillment of the Minimum Service Standard has been done periodically, but there are still some indicators that cannot always be met by Toll Road Operators. This study is intended to assess the indicators which cannot always be met in the toll road sections that have been operating in Indonesia. The study was conducted based on monitoring data, the result of field survey, conducted in 27 toll roads in 2012, 2013, and 2014. Based on the analysis, it is found that there are 6 indicators of the Minimum Service Standard that often cannot be met, or 29 % of the indicators in the Minimum Service Standard.


In this paper, it gives programming methods to calculate cotes coefficients when calculating the numerical integral using the Newton-Cotes equation, and it gives programming methods to calculating the displaying Adams format coefficients when solving the differential coefficient equation using Adams methods.


A 67 year old woman attended the day surgery for routine cataract surgery. She had no previous ocular complaints. During peribulbar anaesthesia a bluish foreign body emerged from the …