The term literacy began to become a lot of discourse in the mass media and the world of education after Anies Baswedan, compilation into the Minister of Education and Culture, launched the School Literacy Movement (GLS). Currently following global change, the Indonesian revolutionary era is also developing a creative industry, an era of revolution that is in dire need of creative industry products. The creative industry can be defined as an industry based on expertise, talent and creativity; such as fashion, crafts, published (books and print media), music, film, and advertising. Literature, literary works and creative industries, both based on talent and creativity and together with cultural nuances. The difference is that the process of publishing literary works is more oriented to literary interests, while creative industries are more oriented to market interests. Language literacy becomes very important in the era of creative industries, so there are products based on creative industries that are language-based. This paper begins to reveal steps that can be taken so that literacy culture or GLS can continue to run in accordance with the development of the existing creative industry. The method used is of course descriptive and through qualitative consultation. In conclusion, the Indonesian literacy movement still needs to be encouraged, and Indonesian language learning in schools and colleges is still necessary, so that people become more proficient in supporting Indonesia and still love Indonesian as a communication tool, cultural imagery, and national identity reinforcement. The low ability of students in the art of poetry proves the need for empowerment to write poetry for students. This article discusses how to empower the literary writing culture of students in the struggle of the creative industrial revolution.


In Truth and Objectivity, Crispin Wright argues that because truth is a distinctively normative property, it cannot be as metaphysically insubstantive as deflationists claim. This argument has been taken, together with the scope problem, as one of the main motivations for alethic pluralism. We offer a reconstruction of Wright's Inflationary Argument (henceforth IA) aimed at highlighting what are the steps required to establish its inflationary conclusion. We argue that if a certain metaphysical and epistemological view of a given subject matter is accepted, a local counterexample to IA can be constructed. We focus on the domain of basic taste and we develop two variants of a subjectivist and relativist metaphysics and epistemology that seems palatable in that domain. Although we undertake no commitment to this being the right metaphysical cum epistemological package for basic taste, we contend that if the metaphysics and the epistemology of basic taste are understood along these lines, they call for a truth property whose nature is not distinctively normative—contra what IA predicts. This result shows that the success of IA requires certain substantial metaphysical and epistemological principles and that, consequently, a proper assessment of IA cannot avoid taking a stance on the metaphysics and the epistemology of the domain where it is claimed to be successful. Although we conjecture that IA might succeed in other domains, in this paper we don't take a stand on this issue. We conclude by briefly discussing the significance of this result for the debate on alethic pluralism.


Fermentation of four mustard cultivars was carried out at 20 ℃ in 4%(m/V) brine.The dynamic change of nitrite was investigated.Nitrate and soluble sugar in mustards,nitrate reductase(NR) activity in both brine and plant tissue,as well as pH of brine were observed to study the variation mechanism of nitrite.Results showed that nitrite contents among cultivars displayed the same trend,whereas contents of nitrite had significant difference.The nitrite contents increased to a peak value after the first day of fermentation with sequence of values in different clutivars: Shuidong mustard(36.39 mg/kg) Potherb mustard(6.15 mg/kg) Leaf mustard(5.04 mg/kg) Chun mustard(4.59 mg/kg).Contents of nitrite decreased but then increased to the second nitrite peak at the third day.A steady decline of nitrite was observed since the second nitrite peak.Less than 1 mg/kg of nitrites was found in the fermented products,whereas the highest nitrite content was found in fermented potherb mustard product.The nitrate accumulation in mustards and the activity of nitrate reductase in brine significantly correlated to the nitrite peak value.In addition,sugar in mustard promoted the lactic acid fermentation and the disappearance of nitrite peak.


The primary purpose o f the study was an inve s tiga tio n o f the teaching-learning transaction by determining the e ffe c t o f selected in s tru c tio n a l s tra teg ies on learning outcome o f adults enrolled in a le g is la t iv e ly mandated pestic ide re c e r t if ic a t io n program. A ttitudes and selected personal descrip tors which might a ffe c t learning outcome were also examined. The population fo r the study was 654 p riva te pes tic ide applicators applying fo r re licens ing . Ranging in age from 16 to 83, the pestic ide app lica to rs represented D is t r ic t V o f the Montana Pestic ide R e c e r t if i cation Program, encompassing 11 counties. The re c e r t if ic a t io n program was comprised o f a s ix-hour block o f in s tru c tio n which included seven c r i te r ia deemed necessary in order to be licensed to purchase and apply res tric ted -use compounds. The f i f t h c r i te r ia , Pesticide Safety, served as the subject matter content fo r the development o f the in s tru c tio n a l s tra teg ies id e n t if ie d as lec tu re , representing a pedagogical methodology, and small group discussion, re p re se n tin g an andragogical methodology. Upon conclusion o f the sa fe ty in s tru c tio n , pa rtic ipa n ts were asked to complete three data c o lle c tio n instruments, which included a measure o f learn ing outcome, an a tt itu d in a l scale, and a general inform ation questionnaire ascer ta in in g personal descrip to rs . Sixty-seven percent o f the pa rtic ipa n ts would have pa rtic ipa ted v o lu n ta r i ly had the program not been le g is la t iv e ly mandated; 45% indicated th e ir agreement in favor o f a le g is la t iv e ly mandated program. N inety-four percent o f the pa rtic ipa n ts were favorable to the strategy they rece ived w h ile 80% indicated th e ir p r io r experience did not e lim inate the need fo r the safety in form ation. S ig n ific a n t differences were found to e x is t fo r the independent variab le o f in s tru c tio n a l stra tegy, w ith mean scores on learn ing outcome higher fo r the group re c e iv in g the le c tu re s tra te g y . The group having completed an education level o f 13 to 16 years demonstrated a s ig n if ic a n t ly higher score on learning outcome. In add ition , learning outcome was s ig n i f i  c a n tly re la te d to the two a t t i tu d e v a r ia b le s . A ttitu d e toward in s tru c tio n a l stra tegy received accounted fo r 58% o f the variance in learning outcome. Service providers o f one-time, mandated educational a c t iv it ie s need to consider the learning environment, a ttitude s o f the learner, and personal descrip to rs , especia lly age and level o f education, when se lecting in s tru c tio n a l s tra teg ies . Experience o f the learner should also be considered as an important va riab le .


An apparatus for receiving broadcasting, a method for transmitting and receiving broadcasting program information, and a data structure for transmitting broadcasting program information are provided to select a program easily by providing summary information of a program in a slide show by inserting summary information of the program into EPG(Electronic Program Guide) information, and select summary information of a program at desired time, type or quality. A program information data structure includes an electronic program guide element, a program element under the electronic program guide element, and a slide preview element under the program element, containing slide type program summary information. The program element includes a schedulenamegroup type, location type, a mediadescription type, a genre type, a conditional access type, a keywords type, a memberof type, a link type, a programevent type, and program information type for displaying information of a program in a slide method.


We construct a structural model of the occupational choice under unemployment, giving a natural definition of necessity entrepreneurs as individuals who fail to find a salaried job, but running business, they are able to earn more than the unemployment benefit. The existence of the necessity entrepreneurs shrinks unemployment in the economy and positively affects the welfare.


PURPOSE
To compare the responses related to vocal symptoms in two versions of the Vocal Production Condition - Teacher (CPV-T) questionnaire, with responses on a Likert scale and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), in order to evaluate which is the best measurement method.

METHODS
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with teachers with voice disorders during the period from July 2011 to July 2012. All teachers answered the CPV-T in two versions: with answers on a 4-point Likert scale and on a 50-mm VAS. The answers related to vocal symptoms dimension were analyzed.

RESULTS
Most of the symptoms showed good (hoarseness, high-pitched voice, unstable voice, weak voice, effort when speaking, throat clearing, burning throat, and pain when speaking) or regular concordance (loss of voice, failing voice, low-pitched voice, vocal fatigue, dry throat, lump in the throat, secretion in the throat, pain when swallowing, difficulty swallowing, and dry cough).

CONCLUSION
The CPV-T questionnaire with answers on Likert scale proved to be more suitable than the VAS owing to the ease of understanding and interpretation, in addition to facilitating the input of answers for the researcher. Therefore, the Likert scale was chosen for the CPV-T, considering it to be validated as the method to measure the answers. The dimension of vocal aspects evaluated in the present study, the Voice Disorder Screening Index (ITDV), can be used in epidemiological studies to estimate the prevalence of vocal symptoms and in the Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology clinic routine or in monitoring teachers throughout their careers.


1. 'The purpose of this report is to identify the restrictive business practices originating with firms in developed countries which can affect the trade and development of developing countries, and to establish in respect of each type or group of practices the extent to which information is collected and publicly available. The aim is to elucidate the present gaps in information collection and dissemination in developed countries and to suggest appropriate action to be taken at national and international levels. The report does not deal with the question of informational requirements of developing countries for the control of restrictive business practices and abuse of dominant positions of firms in their countries. This is one of the aspects covered in document TD/BjC'.2j160, which discusses the elements of a model law or laws on restrictive business practices for the developing countries. To control effectively, and where possible to eliminate, restrictive business practices affecting the trade and development of developing countries, remedial action along the lines called for in Conference resolution 73 (III) is obviously required in both developed and developing countries and at an international level.


Pedestal rocks of granite, commonly associated with residual boulders, occur at many places in the southern Appalachian Piedmont. The rocks are essentially homogeneous in composition but exhibit marked contrasts in weathering of the cap and the shaft. They have previously been thought to have originated from joint blocks through frost action, rain wash, and decomposition. It is here shown that granular disintegration initiated by expansion through hydration is the dominant process involved. Hydra-tion is at a maximum on the lower slopes where there is some protection from the direct rays of the sun and where evaporation is at a minimum. The pedestal rocks are restricted to peneplains of Tertiary? age.


Demographic data showed that larvae of Naso unicornis colonizing the reefs of Moorea, French Polynesia, on the same night within a restricted area originated from several spawning events that occurred 67 to 94 days previously. Based on the demographic structure of larvae of N. unicornis colonizing the reef, it cannot be entirely dismissed that siblings colonize together because five spawning dates grouped c. 55% of the captured larvae. Relatedness analysis reinforced these observations and also confirmed that larvae colonizing together were not all siblings. Larvae of the same spawning dates, however, appeared related in some age-classes (72, 74 and 77 days old), suggesting that siblings recruited together. In addition, the larvae appeared genetically different from adults (P=0.002) and juveniles (P<0.001) while juveniles and adults were similar (P=0.100). The variations in allelic and genotypic frequencies in the larvae probably reflect a family-structure that is diluted once larvae are recruited into the lagoon because of high mortality and active movement of fish.


This article is illustrating Cancer diagnosis in breast using the biological investigation and the effect of electromagnetic properties of breast tissues on antenna performance. The antenna is implanted on breast. It is made of copper annealed and implemented on FR4 substrate. It is operating on industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency band. The ground is truncated to tune the antenna in that band. The breast is modelled as three layers of skin, fat and glandular. On the other hand a model including additional lymph nodes is presented. Return loss is used as an image for studying the effect of normal and infected tissues. Different sizes and number of tumors are tackled to visualize the first stage of Cancer diagnosis. The adopted antenna is fabricated and measured on network analyzer. It is measured on free space and on normal human breast. The simulations of different structures are carried out on CST microwave studio. There is a fair agreement between the measured and simulated results. The applied scenario gives a future proposal for some element bricks to build a communication link for breast Cancer diagnosis and reduces the need for invasive surgical operations. It is also feasible to be applied in the intermediate steps during treatment.


This is the second paper in a three part series being published in successive issues of this journal. The basic structure of the Peterborough economy is illustrated with the aid of two input—output tables, one showing the intraurban economic linkages, the other showing the sectoral breakdown of imports into the city. Later the direct and indirect effects of increasing sectoral final demand sales are considered with the aid of a Leontief inverse table derived from the basic transactions matrix. Finally the induced effects of household consumption are investigated by treating the household sector endogenously and computing a second inverse matrix.


Objective:To investigate the expression of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand(TRAIL) and its rceptor DR5 and DcR1 in cervical carcinoma.Methods: Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of TRAIL and its rceptor DR5 and DcR1 in 40 samples of cervical carcinoma,l8 samples of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN),and 10 samples of normal cervical tissues.Results:The expressions of TRAIL and DcR1 in normal cervical tissues were significantly higher than those in cervical carcinoma tissues,there was a significant difference between TRAIL expression and histologic grades,the lower expression rate of TRAIL was found in poorer differentiated tumors.Conclusion:The deregulation of TRAIL and its rceptor DR5 and DcR1 suggest a possible functional role in cervical carcinogenesis.


Daily commuting increases level of contaminants inhaled by urban community and it is influenced by mode and time of commuting. In this study, the commuters' exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was assessed during three modes of travel in six different road stretches of Chennai. The mean distance of road stretches was 25 km and the exposure to pollutants was assessed during peak hours and off-peak hours. The average travel duration was in the range of 39 to 91 min in motorbike, 83 to 140 min in car and 110 to 161 min in bus. Though there was variation on exposure to concentration in modes of transportation, the maximum exposure concentration of PM2.5 was observed as 709 μg/m in bus and the minimum exposure concentration was 29 μg/m in closed car. Similarly, the maximum exposure concentration of NO2 was observed to be 312 μg/m in bus and the minimum exposure concentration was 21 μg/m in car. The concentration of elements in PM2.5 was in the order of Si > Na > Ca > Al ≥ K > S ≥ Cd, with Si and Cd concentration as 60% and < 1% of the PM2.5 concentration


This research finds out what are the uses of ICTs by language teachers and their attitudes towards technology in the institutional network of the European Schools (a group of schools dependent on the European Commission distributed throughout Europe). These teachers have different nationalities, they come from educational systems of the different European countries and from different training systems, but they work in the same institution teaching their native language. For the research, a valid and reliable questionnaire was especially used. It was intended for the language teachers of these schools whose results demonstrate a moderate use of technology in the classrooms despite the positive attitude of teachers and a clear need for ICT training.


The Dictionary of Geologic Terms defines patterned ground as " ... symmetrical surface patterns such as poly gons, stripes, and circles, characteristic of, but not con fined to soils subject to intensive frost action."l Despite this definition, researchers have been reluctant to use the term when describing features which occur outside areas of intensive frost action, especially when such features are observed in warm, dry environments. Most often, arid land patterned ground features are held to be relicts of some earlier climatic episode, 2 or are said to mimic or simulate features characteristic of cold climates) Fre quent use of the term "gilgai " to denote surface patterns observed in arid environments underscores this reluc tance to consider periglacial and arid land surface pat terns as related phenomena. Distinctions drawn between periglacial and arid land features tend to obfuscate the many similarities which exist between them, making more difficult the task of understanding the genesis of desert patterned ground. The present work examines patterned ground fea tures observed at several locations in California's Mojave


Translation pedagogy and direct pedagogy are primarily used so far in basic Japanese language course in China.Based on comparative analysis of translation pedagogy and direct pedagogy in the actual teaching process,this research explores combination of these two pedagogies,and further expounds a eclectic teaching method of direct pedagogy-dominating and translation pedagogy-supplementary should be adopted in basic Japanese language course.


Abstract. Using new and previously published CO2 data from the EPICA Dome C ice core (EDC), we reconstruct a new high-resolution record of atmospheric CO2 during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 (190 to 135 ka)  the penultimate glacial period. Similar to the last glacial cycle, where high-resolution data already exists, our record shows that during longer North Atlantic (NA) stadials, millennial CO2 variations during MIS 6 are clearly coincident with the bipolar seesaw signal in the Antarctic temperature record. However, during one short stadial in the NA, atmospheric CO2 variation is small (∼5 ppm) and the relationship between temperature variations in EDC and atmospheric CO2 is unclear. The magnitude of CO2 increase during Carbon Dioxide Maxima (CDM) is closely related to the NA stadial duration in both MIS 6 and MIS 3 (60–27 ka). This observation implies that during the last two glacials the overall bipolar seesaw coupling of climate and atmospheric CO2 operated similarly. In addition, similar to the last glacial period, CDM during the earliest MIS 6 show different lags with respect to the corresponding abrupt CH4 rises, the latter reflecting rapid warming in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). During MIS 6i at around 181.5±0.3 ka, CDM 6i lags the abrupt warming in the NH by only 240±320 years. However, during CDM 6iv (171.1±0.2 ka) and CDM 6iii (175.4±0.4 ka) the lag is much longer: 1290±540 years on average. We speculate that the size of this lag may be related to a larger expansion of carbon-rich, southern-sourced waters into the Northern Hemisphere in MIS 6, providing a larger carbon reservoir that requires more time to be depleted.


Voltage gated T-type calcium channels are important regulators of rhythmic activity in the mammalian nervous system. T-type channels are ideally suited towards regulating neuronal excitability for several reasons. First, their voltage dependent gating properties generate a 'window current' that allows them to become active near typical neuronal resting membrane potentials. Second, their hyperpolarization induced recovery from inactivation kinetics supports rebound burst activity in many types of neurons (Huguenard & Prince, 1994). Finally, these channels associate with, and regulate, the functions of both calcium activated and voltage gated potassium channels, which in turn shape neuronal firing properties (Turner & Zamponi, 2014). Besides regulating neuronal activity, T-type channels also contribute to low threshold exocytosis through physical coupling to the vesicle release machinery (Weiss et al. 2012). All of these aspects of T-type channel function are of direct relevance to an interesting new study by Yu and colleagues (Yu et al. 2015), reported in this issue of The Journal of Physiology, on the role of T-type channels in the pineal gland.


ARISE APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PURGE THE AIR IN OPEN CONTAINERS (12) having a zone PROCESSING THROUGH WHICH ARE TRANSPORTED containers that enter through an opening of a point and exiting through A STARTING POINT FOR A TIME OF RESIDENCE, including an injector for injecting (20) A tURBULENT FLOW OF GAS BLEED INSIDE Processing Zone and means (16) for supplying a laminar flow of purge gas INSIDE THE PROCESSING AREA, WHERE THE OPEN CONTAINER PART IS eXPOSED FLOWS DURING TURBULENT GAS PURGE at least 50% of residence time.


Purpose To analyze fracture risk and bone mineral density in patients with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders). Design Clinical overview. Findings Bone mineral density is decreased and fracture risk increased in patients with anorexia nervosa. In patients with bulimia nervosa, bone mineral is only marginally decreased and fracture risk marginally increased. In patients with other eating disorders (eating disorders not otherwise specified), bone mineral density is decreased and fracture risk increased. Conclusions Fracture risk is increased in patients with eating disorders. An eating disorder should be suspected in severely underweight young individuals (primarily girls) presenting with fractures, especially low-energy fractures.


Chemical Studies of Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (TPA). I.* Partial Amino Acid Sequences of Cyanogen Bromide Frag ments of TPA Subunit B. P. Redelius. B. Luning, B. Bjorklund. Aca Chemica Scandinavica B34 (1980) 265-273. Mechanism of Clearance of Circulating CA19-9 in Rats. M. Adachi, T. Sekine, A. Umenoto, S. Tsukikawa. K. Imai. A. Yachi. Tumor Biol. 1990: 11:51-58. A Simple and Rapid Method for the Isolation of Human Alpha-fetoprotein from Human Cord Serum. Institute of Radioecology and Applied Nuclear Techniques, Kosice, Czechoslovakia; Research Institute for Child Development, Charles University, 150 00 Prague, Czechoslovakia. Neo plasma, 34, 4, 1987 pp. 491–496. Immunoadsorbent Purification of Carcinoembryonic Anti gen using a Monoclonal Antibody: a Direct Comparison with a Conventional Method. C.H.J. Ford. F. Macdonald, J.A. Griffin, P. Life, S.E. Bartlett. Tumor Biol 1987; 8:241-250. Evaluation of Human Based Multi-Level Control for Cancer Antigen Testing. Kathryn Herring, Denise Sandberg and Julia Monticello. (Baxter Diagnostics Inc) Miami, FL 33174). Clin Chem, vol. 40, No. 6, 1994, p. 1012. A New Specialty Control: Special-T Marker. Kathryn Her ring. Diagsource, Nov. 1993, vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 1-2. Reimer et al., "The U.S. National Reference Preparation for Alpha-Fetoprotein in Mid-Pregnancy Maternal Serum." Clinical Chemistry 28:709–716 (1982).


Enterprise search is now an essential tool for employees. In this article, I introduce 12 factors critical to the successful implementation and sustainability of quality search applications. Ranging from content quality, the position of search in an integrated information management strategy and adequate support for users, perhaps the most important is recognizing that the process of ensuring that search is meeting user requirements never comes to an end. That few organizations have made a considered commitment to ensuring that employees can find the information they need when they need it is highlighted by large-scale surveys of the state of enterprise search. The result is confusion and inefficiency whilst ideally users want to find information that they can trust to make decisions that count. This can be removed if the introduction of a search tool is planned within an organizational information management strategy and with a clear understanding of user needs.


COPE is a Federal Government of Nigeria programme, initiated and implemented by its pivot alleviation agency; National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP). COPE is its key product in breaking inter-generational transfer of poverty, among the household-poor, in rural Nigeria. This study focused on three Local Government Areas in Anambra State, purposely selected to reflect the three senatorial zones of the state. The Local Government Areas are Nnewi North, in the South; Idemili South in the Central zone; and Anambra East in the North. Fifty one, mostly, poor-female headed households were sampled. Responses on an interview-guided questionnaire administered by trained enumerators, followed-up by interface-meetings with stakeholders, were employed in sourcing as well as validating the data collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics (means, simple percentages, multiple percentages likert-scale, t-test, chi-square) were used in assessing if COPE was implemented as planned, and if so, whether it made impact in its core-areas: access to basic-child education; access to basic-health care; engagement in the monthly income guarantee (BIG); engagement in the compulsory investment training; and engagement in the Poverty Reduction Accelerator (PRAI), by the poor-headed households involved in the programme. The study recommended proper sensitization of the beneficiaries about COPE; regular payment of BIG; full payment of PRAI immediately after the training on chosen business by the beneficiaries; ensuring the establishment and functioning of the state as well as the community monitoring and evaluation component of the programme.


The objective of this study was to illustrate how difierent methods of obtaining the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of an object may produce difierent results. RCS diagrams of a metallic airplane model (length, 0.64m) were obtained in an anechoic chamber, with a Lab- Volt RCS system, and simulated with a simulation software. The measurements and simulations were carried out at the radar frequency of 9.4GHz. The resulting RCS diagrams show that although there was a good correspondence between the main features in the RCS diagrams, some difierences can still be observed, highlighting the need for difierent techniques to fully represent the RCS of an object. Radar cross section (RCS) diagrams are usually di-cult to interpret due to the fact that they are two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional objects. Moreover, the di-culty in interpret- ing RCS diagrams is dependent upon the geometry of the object and, sometimes, on the techniques used to measure or calculate the RCS. Measurements are also afiected by many external factors, such as instrumental errors, spurious re∞ections and interferences, which can degrade the quality of the experimental data. In this study, we measured the RCS of an airplane model with a conduct- ing surface using two difierent experimental set-ups, and also simulated its RCS using commercial electromagnetic simulation software. The comparison of the data obtained shows that difierences will arise regardless of the care taken while performing an experiment or carrying out simulations and that these difierences should be taken into consideration when interpreting the data. 2. EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS The experimental data were collected using two difierent experimental setups: One inside an ane- choic chamber and another in a laboratory room using the Lab-Volt Radar Training System. The anechoic chamber, is located in the Instituto de Fomento Industrial (IFI/CTA, Brazil). Figure 1 shows the radar antennas used in the measurements. These X-band horn antennas were manufactured by M2SAT (Brazil); each antenna has a gain of 10dBi, and symmetric radiation patterns with low level of secondary lobes. The radar operated at 9.4GHz, in a quasi-monostatic conflguration and vertical polarization. A HP8360B (HP, USA) synthesized CW generator was use to generate the microwave radiation and the re∞ected signal was analyzed by a HP8593E (HP, USA) spectrum analyzer. It is estimated that the deviation of the RCS measurements was within 0.7dB. The model used in the measurements is also shown in Figure 1; it is a scale model of a Boeing 777 with total length of 0.64m (» 20'). The body of the model is composed of an epoxy resin and its surface is coated with aluminum (the thickness of the coating is about 10 times larger than the skin depth of the aluminum at this frequency). The distance between the radar antennas and the model was about 6m. Electronic Warfare Laboratory (LGE/CTA, Brazil), consisting of interconnected subsystems that allow detailed studies of RCS in a laboratory environment. Measurements were carried out with inverse synthetic aperture radar, operating also at 9.4GHz at short range, in the presence of noise and clutter. The efiects of noise and clutter were removed using time-gating and subtraction techniques during the measurements. For the measurements, the distance between antenna and model was the same one used for the measurements in the anechoic chamber. Figure 2 shows the arrangement of the radar antenna and the model in the laboratory. The model was placed on a Styrofoam pedestal, invisible to radar waves.


715 Background: UPMC CancerCenter (UPMC) and Indiana University Health (IUH) utilize Via Pathways (VP) for their CP initiative. VP are developed and maintained by disease committees that evaluate therapies on merit of efficacy, then toxicity, and finally cost (if efficacy and toxicity are comparable) to provide a recommendation for specific patient presentations. Recent data from key studies regarding the use of panitumumab (PAN) or cetuximab (CET) in the setting of metastatic colo-rectal cancer by the colo-rectal committee led to the determination that both treatments were equally effective with no significant difference in toxicity (Price et al., 2014; Peeters et al., 2014). A subsequent cost comparison utilizing CMS average sales prices demonstrated an approximate 14% monthly cost advantage for PAN. A substitution of PAN for CET across all metastatic lines of therapy in the pathway was initiated as of August 2014. This analysis was undertaken to understand the impact of this change. Methods: We reviewe...


Objective:To explore the clinical attacking characteristics in osteonecrosis of the femoral head secondary to SARS.Methods:86 cases of SARS patients who were cured with steroid,were followed up in the medical record,clinical characteristics,image and biochemical examination,and then applied statistical comparison and summarization.Results:In the group,there were 46 cases of osteonecrosis of the femoral head,incidence of the disease was 53.5%,among them,included 12 males and 34 females.In these 46 cases,there were 41 cases attacked with osteonecrosis of both femoral head for 3 to 6 months.There were 43 cases without any clinical symptom.The X-ray examination of these 46 cases were normal while the MRI examination were abnormal obviously,among them,include 7 cases with osteonecrosis of the thigh and knee and 3 cases with osteonecrosis of humeral head the caput humeus.The blood plasma lipid examination was abnormal.Conclusion:There were special attacking characteristics,such as high incidence of disease,rapid attack,obvious changes of MRI and the blood plasma lipid etc,in the osteonecrosis of the femoral head secondary to SARS.MRI can be used in early diagnosis,for its significant changes.


This paper examined a steering behavior based fatigue monitoring system. The advantages of using steering behavior for detecting fatigue are that these systems measure continuously, cheaply, non-intrusively, and robustly even under extremely demanding environmental conditions. The expected fatigue induced changes in steering behavior are a pattern of slow drifting and fast corrective counter steering. Using advanced signal processing procedures for feature extraction, we computed 3 feature set in the time, frequency and state space domain (a total number of 1251 features) to capture fatigue impaired steering patterns. Each feature set was separately fed into 5 machine learning methods (e.g. Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor). The outputs of each single classifier were combined to an ensemble classification value. Finally we combined the ensemble values of 3 feature subsets to a of meta-ensemble classification value. To validate the steering behavior analysis, driving samples are taken from a driving simulator during a sleep deprivation study (N=12). We yielded a recognition rate of 86.1% in classifying slight from strong fatigue.


Fumaric acid esters (FAEs) are licensed for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis in Germany but are also used off‐label in many other countries. We conducted this systematic review to synthesize the highest‐quality evidence for the benefits and risks of FAEs for psoriasis. Our primary outcomes were change in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score and dropout rates due to adverse effects. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of FAEs or dimethylfumarate were included, with no restriction on age or psoriasis subtype. We searched the Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL in the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, LILACS and five trials registers, and hand searched six conference proceedings. Six RCTs with a total of 544 participants were included, four of which were published only as abstracts or brief reports, limiting study reporting. Five RCTs compared FAEs with placebo, and all demonstrated benefit in favour of FAEs. However, meta‐analysis was possible only for PASI 50 response after 12–16 weeks, which was achieved by 64% of participants on FAEs compared with 14% on placebo: risk ratio (RR) 4·55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·80–7·40; two studies; 247 participants; low‐quality evidence). There was no difference in dropout rates due to adverse effects (RR 5·36, 95% CI 0·28–102·12; one study; 27 participants; very low‐quality evidence and wide CI). More participants experienced nuisance adverse effects with FAEs (76%) than with placebo (16%) (RR 4·72, 95% CI 2·45–9·08; one study; 99 participants; moderate‐quality evidence), mainly abdominal pain, diarrhoea and flushing. One head‐to‐head study of very low‐quality evidence comparing FAEs with methotrexate reported comparable efficacy and dropout rates, although FAEs caused more flushing. The evidence in this review was limited and must be interpreted with caution; studies with better design and outcome reporting are needed.


IIoT(Industrial Internet of Thing) means that all manufacturing processes are informed beyond the conventional automation of process automation. The objective of the system is to build an information system based on the data collected from the sensors installed in each process and to maintain optimal productivity by managing and automating each process in real time. Data collected from sensors in each process is unstructured and many studies have been conducted to collect and process such unstructured data effectively. In this paper, we propose a system using Node-RED as middleware for effective big data collection and processing.


The Water-Enhanced Turbofan (WET) is a promising future propulsion concept to reduce aero engine emissions. In the WET-engine, a heat exchanger uses turbine exhaust heat in order to generate superheated steam out of liquid water. For evaporator design, CFD simulations are necessary since correlation-based predictions have a high uncertainty during preliminary design. A common way of modeling steam loaded flows is the integration of gas models into CFD analysis. However, to the author's knowledge, there is no gas model published that accounts for the exact gas composition of turbine exhaust flows with high steam loads and is commonly used by low- and high-fidelity methods. Therefore, a gas model predicting the thermodynamic behavior of the turbine exhaust flow considering high steam loads is presented and integrated into an existing CFD solver. The approach is able to incorporate the implemented gas model into the CFD simulation by two methods: runtime and offline. The offline method has a computational advantage in iteration time compared to the runtime integration. As demonstration case, a single two dimensional cylinder is considered. A variation of the steam loading of the flow shows a significant effect on local properties and therefore on local and average heat transfer. Increasing the steam loading up to 40% results in an increase of the average Nusselt number of 17%.


In his engaging 2020 editorial in Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology – Register your interest – Gillies outlined the high merits of observational outcomes registries in ophthalmology, highlighting three articles2–4 in the same issue that used this approach to generate 'information that is useful for the management of our patients'. The current issue of the journal includes three articles that use the other major clinical investigation, the randomised controlled trial (RCT). In these prospective studies, subjects are assigned randomly to groups of interventions, which may include placebo, to measure the effectiveness and safety of a new treatment. In one article, Faridpooya et al. present the results of an RCT of robotic surgery for epiretinal membrane and inner limiting membrane peeling. This world-first study uses descriptive statistics to present the outcomes as patient numbers are limited, yet it shows promising data for this major surgical innovation. Two additional articles describe RCTs that test different interventions for childhood myopia. In another world-first, Lee et al. report the outcomes of the Western Australia Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia (WA-ATOM) study, after presenting the study protocol and patient baseline characteristics in 2020: atropine 0.01% eye drops have a modest myopia-control effect and are well-tolerated in children of varied ancestry. Prior to this work, the only RCTs in the field had been conducted in children of Asian ancestry. Xiong et al. describe a 12-month extension study, following on from a 1-year RCT that evaluated repeated low-level red-light therapy for myopia in Chinese children. This new work shows continued treatment effect without adverse events. Glancing back over the past 2 years of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology reveals a wide range of RCTs with impactful findings. Meyer et al. reported 5-year results of an RCT of Dresden protocol collagen crosslinking in 38 patients with progressive keratoconus, which used the contralateral untreated eye as the control. Allowing for some loss to follow-up, and interventions to control eyes from 6 months, the investigators could conclude that the procedure stalled disease progression and was relatively safe. They observed significant differences in mean changes of multiple tomographic parameters, albeit with high standard deviation of measurements, between treatment and control eyes. Procedure-related complications included sterile and infectious infiltrates and corneal haze. Wan et al. compared iontophoresisassisted, non-invasive collagen crosslinking against the traditional Dresden protocol in a meta-analysis of 586 eyes treated across three RCTs, as well as seven non-randomised comparative studies. This showed a significant approximately three-fold reduction in the complications reported for the latter, without compromising the treatment effect. Other recently published RCTs have addressed aspects of glaucoma. By randomising 57 patients with glaucoma to treatment with nicotinamide or placebo tablets in a 6and 6-week crossover protocol, Hui et al. demonstrated that the supplement significantly improved electroretinographic measures of retinal ganglion cell function, and caused few and mild side effects. They are now planning an extended study to assess the effects on progression of glaucoma. Chen et al. completed an RCT that compared phacoemulsification alone versus the cataract extraction with placement of an iStent inject, for intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect in 32 patients who had primary angle-closure with or without glaucoma. Both arms were effective in controlling IOP without the need for reoperation, but patients who underwent the double procedure were significantly less likely to need glaucoma medications post-operatively. Mohammed et al. presented outcomes of an RCT comparing the effect of preservatives in IOP-lowering eye drops on ocular surface responses in 36 patients over a 2-year period. They found that in comparison to no preservative or polyquad, benzalkonium chloride caused significant increases in the levels of inflammatory cytokines—interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8—in the tears, correlating with ocular surface disease index scores. The findings implied benzalkonium chloride led to a sterile inflammation that could cause ocular irritation for patients and might be a risk for failed glaucoma surgery. Understanding of therapeutics for retinal diseases was expanded in articles detailing studies that piggy-backed off new RCTs. Sasongko et al. used data collected on 61 patients in DiMECAT to examine the impact of Accepted: 22 October 2022


The "molecular sieving effect" of zeolites has enabled size-selective adsorption and catalysis. Although a large variety of zeolites have been developed thus far, it is still challenging to find zeolites that can separate molecules such as CO2, N2, CH4, and small organics that have kinetic diameters all closely located in the range of 0.3 to 0.4 nm. Here we demonstrate that controlled collapse or atomic disordering of NaA zeolite can systematically narrow the effective pore size below 0.4 nm and thus "tune" the molecular sieving effect. As the zeolite is gradually disordered, the adsorption amounts for all gas molecules decrease; however, larger molecules show a much faster decrease than that of the smaller ones. Consequently, the adsorption selectivities could be remarkably enhanced for various gas pairs.


We develop a matrix model to describe bilayered quantum Hall fluids for a series of filling factors. Considering two coupling layers, and starting from a corresponding action, we construct its vacuum configuration at ν = qiK −1 ij qj, where Kij is a 2 × 2 matrix and qi is a vector. Our model allows us to reproduce several well-known wave functions. We show that the wave function Ψ(m,m,n) constructed years ago by Yoshioka, MacDonald and Girvin for the fractional quantum Hall effect at filling factor 2 m+n and in particular Ψ(3,3,1) at filling 1 2 can be obtained from our vacuum configuration. The unpolarized Halperin wave function and especially that for the fractional quantum Hall state at filling factor 25 can also be recovered from our approach. Generalization to more than 2 layers is straightforward. E-mail: email@example.com Permanent address: Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, Road Ibn Mâachou P.O. Box 20, El Jadida, Morocco


A sequence of isolated nucleic acid comprising: a) SEQ ID NO: 1, a variant or portion thereof encoding at least one polypeptide which catalyses at least one step of the biosynthesis of safracins or b) a nucleic acid sequence that is complementary to the sequence in a).


Ultrasonic instrumentation based on the Doppler phenomenon fulfills the requirements that a blood flowmeter should sense a variable which is a funciton of the volume of blood moved through a blood vessel in situ. The blood foow velocity waveform recorded noninvasively from the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa was used as basis for quantitatively estimating a stroke flow index. The method used in these experiments was reproducible in 31 volunteer subjects studied; the first and second brachial artery stroke flow indices determined on different days had a correlation coefficient of 0.909. The calculated minute flow index ranged from 32 to 95 ml in these subjects. A clinical application was explored by making serial measurements before and after operation in 64 patients submitting to 68 open heart operations. A significant reduction in the brachial artery blood flow velocity was recorded ostoperatively in 21 of these patients. The brachial artery stroke flow index has potential value as an objective measure of cardiovascular instability.


Abstract Presentation of data analysis, especially for big data, must rely on graphics to clearly display patterns and provide evidence of relationships within the data. With clear, concise and communicative graphics, managers can gain insight or disseminate information quickly. This study uses a data visualization survey to ascertain how well participants answer simple questions when looking at two types of graphics: (a) crowded representation of data and (b) concise representation of data. Correct responses to questions posed for each type of visualization is the first outcome under investigation. The second outcome is the duration of time spent examining each visual before accurately answering the questions. Results show that participants are able to correctly answer more questions using clearer concise visuals in a shorter amount of time. Moreover, when managers are presented with clear and clean visual analysis, time can be saved and better decisions developed.


s should be limited to 250 words and typed double spaced on 81/2 '' × 11" paper. Abstracts must be authored, co-authored or sponsored by a UA/EMS member and the name and address of each author should appear on the abstract. Deadline for submission is December 24, 1976. Mail three copies of the abstract to: Kenneth L. Mattox, MD, UA/EMS, 3900 Capital City Boulevard, Lansing, Michigan 48906. Presentations at the Annual Meeting will be limited to ten minutes followed by a five-minute panel discus- sion period. A completed manuscript must be submitted no later than the day of the meeting and will be con- sidered for publ icat ion in JACEP, Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians and the University Association for Emergency Medical Services. , ~ ] ~ ) December 1976 Vo lume5 Number 12 Page 991


Humans define, create, and use systems. Therefore, to minimize opportunities for problems in a system's lifecycle, the work products that affect the system definition and program lifecycle activities must be highly understandable and not subject to multiple interpretations. The antidote to complexity is (human) understandability. Understandability is driven by the amount and clarity of information presented and accessible to stakeholders at a particular level in the system architecture. High‐level information needs to be more general while lower‐level information must provide sufficient detail to prevent ambiguity and omissions. The issue is how to package information at each system level to maximize stakeholder understandability at that level.


The method of the present invention, the source virtual character client location of the virtual character, to the network-side control server, to start the virtual character trip request identifier information object virtual character client is assigned, the control server, the establishing a session between the source virtual character client and the target virtual character client sends the attribute information of the virtual character to the object virtual character client via a network, the target virtual character client, the virtual local users interface Show character includes. The present invention also discloses a structure and a virtual character control system of the control server. According to the present invention, it is possible without the intervention of the user of the client realizes that the virtual character of the source virtual character client trip purpose virtual character client via the network.


As a bridge between listed companies and their investors, the investor relations website can improve the efficiency of IRs management, reduce costs of financial public relations in an efficient manner, and therefore, attract more and more attention from Chinese listed companies. Construction of the IRs website in China has also made great progress, but some aspects still need to be perfected. Taking listed banks for example, this paper chooses several IRs websites of foreign and domestic banks as samples to make analysis and comparison, points out shortcomings of Chinese listed companies in construction of an IRs website, and makes suggestions for improvement.


The chiral anomaly is based on a non-conserved chiral charge and can happen in Dirac fermion systems under the influence of external electromagnetic fields. In this case, the spectral flow leads to a transfer of rightto left-moving excitations or vice versa. The corresponding transfer of chiral particles happens in momentum space. We here describe an intriguing way to introduce the chiral anomaly into real space. Our system consists of two quantum dots that are formed at the helical edge of a quantum spin Hall insulator on the basis of three magnetic impurities. Such a setup gives rise to fractional charges which we show to be sharp quantum numbers for large barrier strength. Interestingly, it is possible to map the system onto a quantum spin Hall ring in the presence of a flux pierced through the ring where the relative angle between the magnetization directions of the impurities takes the role of the flux. The chiral anomaly in this system is then directly related to the excess occupation of particles in the two quantum dots. This analogy allows us to predict an observable consequence of the chiral anomaly in real space.


The content of chloride in desulfurizing system was determined by automatic potentiometric titration using 0.05 mol·L~(-1)AgNO_3 standard solution as titrant in a weakly acidic solution of pH 5,containing total ionic strength buffer.Soluble chloride in the sample was extracted with water.Interference of sulfite was eliminated by boiling the nearly neutral sample solution with H_2O_2 until ceasing of gas-bubbling.Methods of pretreatment of sample,and various parameters affecting the titration were studied and optimized.The proposed method was applied to the determination of chloride in desulfurizing samples of waste water,pasty liquor and gypsum,giving values of recovery and RSD's(n=5)in the ranges of 95.7%-102.0%and 1.2%-5.9% respectively.


We write shortly after the Detroit upnsmg of late July and with little information about that or other recent uprisings beyond what has appeared in the bourgeois press. The following observations are therefore subject to amendment and/or correction.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


Hardness of the cured product is high, thermal coloration resistance, UV tinting strength, excellent bending, reflow, is small package damage even under a heat cycle, a thermosetting resin composition suitable for electronic materials and optical semiconductor encapsulation and things, to provide an epoxy silicone resins suitable for it. The epoxy silicone resin is represented by the general formula (1), an epoxy equivalent of 170~2000g / eq. It is. Further, the thermosetting resin composition includes the epoxy silicone resin (A) as the epoxy resin component, a curing agent (B), and curing accelerator (C). (In the formula, R


At present, SGCC actively implements the national New Energy Strategic Policy, vigorously promotes the construction of electric vehicle charging piles, and actively guides electric vehicles to participate in orderly charging through multiple ways. Combined with the construction objectives and requirements of SGCC for orderly charging business, based on the functions of the original charging pile operation management system, our company(Beijing Smart-chip Microelectronics Technology Ltd.) has realized the orderly charging system of charging pile through structural transformation and function upgrading. The system is realized by distributed and microservice architecture mode, which can support large-scale charging piles fast access. This paper describes the orderly charging system of charging pile and the practice of distributed and microservice architecture in the system.


In the process of constructing harmonious socialist society in China,formulating scientific criminal policy is the basis of maintaining public order.The aim of our criminal policy is to accomplish restorative justice;the pattern of criminal policy based on both national and social interests supersedes the pattern based on national interests;and we should adopt a criminal policy that applies slight actions to petty crimes and stern penalties to serious crimes for a long time in the future.


The amount of abbreviations used in biomedical literature
increases constantly. Despite the existence of acronym dictionaries, it
is not viable to keep them updated with new creations. Thus, in the
processing of biomedical texts, discovering and disambiguating acronyms
and their expanded forms are essential aspects and this is the objective
proposed by BARR task at IberEval 2017 Workshop. This paper presents
our participation in this task. We propose five systems that deal with the
problem in different ways. Three of the systems are atomic approaches,
while two of them are combinations of the atomic systems. One of the
systems clearly outperforms the others, both in the detection of entities
(F-score of 0.749 in the test set) as well as identifying relations between
short-long forms (F-score of 0.697 in the test set).


Eutrophic tropical freshwater bodies often have cyanobacterial blooms that last throughout the year and some of these blooms may produce compounds that are toxic to Daphnia. Nevertheless, tropical species like Daphnia lumholtzi continue to remain abundant in the presence of such blooms. We conducted an experiment on the growth and survival of D. lumholtzi. We fed a toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 to study the response of D. lumholtzi to cell-bound microcystins. Daphnia lumholtzi showed poor growth and survival in the presence of M. aeruginosa PCC 7806 both with and without microcystins. Survival and growth improved significantly when M. aeruginosa comprised ,50% of the food offered. However, regardless of the amounts of M. aeruginosa in the food, we did not find any significant difference in the growth or survival between the microcystin-containing and the microcystin-lacking treatments. We observed a significant difference in age at maturity between the microcystin-containing and the microcystin-lacking groups when the amount of M. aeruginosa in the food offered was ,50%. The toxic cyanobacteria M. aeruginosa PCC 7806 contains substances other than microcystins that reduce the growth and survival of the tropical D. lumholtzi. However, under low cyanobacteria concentrations and in the absence of microcystins, D. lumholtzi shows improved reproduction rates.


Network spanning algorithms, such as ZigBee-native and Stojmenovic, constitute a crucial element in the wireless sensor network design, by determining its potential for reliability and fault-tolerance. The interconnections between nodes have a great impact on the radio interference level present in such a network and may create a serious electromagnetic compatibility issue in some cases. It can be proved that the total interference incurred by a statistical node can be diminished in two ways: either by using directional antennas or by setting an upper limit on the duty cycle of each network node. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Through their accumulated experiences with coastal environments, surfers may be uniquely qualified as a source of local knowledge on surf breaks and wider coastal management topics. Despite popular associations between surfers and the environment, critical enquiries are needed to establish the scope and depth of surfers' knowledge and the processes that may influence its development. In this study, we expected that relationships between surfers and the coastal environment would be highly variable and dependent upon several outside factors, including individual motivations and biases. This broad hypothesis was tested through an oral history study of 15 New Zealand surfers, which examined the development of coastal environment knowledge through surfing experiences and explored its applications to resource management in New Zealand. Surfers can develop a unique local knowledge of the coast that is often specific to their favourite locations but can also include regional insights obtained through site-scale comparisons. These may include relatively detailed observations that are typically difficult to detect or measure and that are primarily generated through sustained surfing experiences. Socio-cultural factors, including gender stereotypes, localism, equipment bias, and interaction with accessibility, were identified as key influences on individual motivations and knowledge generation contexts. This study argues that surfers' perspectives are critical to informing management decisions in the coastal environment. Knowledge residing in the surfing community is dependent on individual associations with surf breaks, yet it can be harnessed across meaningful scales to inform coastal management. Moreover, the generation of local knowledge through surfing experiences adds to the societal benefits of protecting surf breaks.


Abstract:This article analyses the representation of Émile Zola's Dreyfus Affair libel trial in novels by Marcel Proust, Anatole France, and Roger Martin du Gard. All three writers were Dreyfusard, yet their narratives question the possibility of achieving truth and justice through political engagement. Each uses a distinct set of techniques to recreate the Zola trial, ranging from character sketch to allegory to citation of historical documents. Drawing on Hayden White's discussion of the distinction between 'the true' and 'the real' in historical writing, I situate these authors in relation to the trial.


The study was carried out at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad during August, 2017 to October, 2017 to evaluate the impact of salinity plus humic acid, Biozote and Vermicompost on 3 olive varieties (Nocellera, Frontoio and Carolea) on physicochemical properties of soil and plant ionic concentration used in plastic nursery bags of three months olive sprouted cuttings in tunnel under saline conditions. The completely randomized design was applied with three replications. Olive soil salinity was developed artificially with the mixture of different salts at 2.0 dSm-1. Biozote, humic acid, and Vermicompost were applied in the artificially developed soil salinity filled in polythene bags planted three months olive cuttings. Treatments were; humic acid solid mixed with soil at the time of planting, humic acid liquid to the soil at the time of planting, humic acid sprayed to cuttings (after every 10 days), dip cuttings in humic acid at the time of planting. Addition of vermizote in soil at the time of planting, addition of Biozote in soil at the time of planting and dip cutting in biozote at the time of planting. Results showed that salinity negatively affected the uptake of nutrient elements. Physiochemical properties of soil showed significant variations among different treatments when interacted with varieties at P<0.05. This study pointed out the tolerance and sensitivity levels against salinity in three olive varieties at 2.0 dSm-1. Nocellera olive variety is the most tolerant variety in terms of Na uptake as compared to the others. Whereas the Frontoio olive cultivar is the most susceptible olive variety against salinity stresses. As K uptake is concerned, Nocellera is the variety of maximum uptake and Carloea olive variety with the minimum. The results depicted that Nocellera olive variety proved to be the most salinity tolerant variety.


George Moore (1852-1933) was one of the most influential and versatile writers and journalists of the turn of the century. This five-volume, reset critical edition addresses scholarly interest in Moore, making available his generally neglected short story collections.


A chiral structure with a negative Poisson's ratio containing a hollow circle with varying diameters was designed, and the finite element method was used to investigate the variation in the Poisson's ratio when the hollow circle diameter was varied (d = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm). The simulation results showed that the Poisson's ratio was sensitive to the hollow circle diameter, and the minimum Poisson's ratio was −0.43. Three specimens with different hollow circle diameters (d′ = 0, 1, and 3 mm) were 3D-printed from thermoplastic polyurethane, and the Poisson's ratio and equivalent elastic modulus were measured. In the elastic range, the Poisson's ratio increased and the equivalent elastic modulus decreased as the hollow circle diameter increased. The simulation and experimental results showed good agreement. The proposed structure is expected to be applicable to protective sports gear owing to its high energy absorption and the fact that its properties can be modified as required by adjusting the geometric parameters of the unit cell.


To the Editor: We agree with Fiore et al. and their concerns about the appropriate treatment protocol in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). With implications for increased mortality because of inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy, predictors of antibiotic resistance should be considered at baseline (1). Since markedly different epidemiological pattern of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are observed even among hospitals, choice of an ideal antibiotic is difficult. Moreover, well-conducted studies have suggested that factors related to host condition are what really determine mortality (2, 3). Poor prognosis in these patients may be related to a greater severity of the underlying liver disease, higher prevalence of septic shock besides delayed initiation of appropriate antibiotics per se. Carbapenems are often considered antibiotic of choice for serious infections caused by Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing MDR organisms. Therefore, we also opted for carbepenem in our 'difficult to treat' SBP patients. Recent concerns about increasing consumption of carbapenems globally and reports of carbapenemase-producing organisms rampant in many areas had made us think of alternative options. Although, carbepenem remained the first line option, we explored non-carbepenem b-lactams that may retain activity against many ESBL-producing organisms (such as cefepime, cefamycins, b-lactum/blactum inhibitors) (4). The aim was to reduce the treatment cost and carbapenemase-producing strains. Higher dose of cefepime (2 g every 12 h) was used in order to obtain optimal drug target attainment and possibly better clinical outcomes (5). In the patients with difficult to treat SBP, both cefepime and cabepenams were of comparable and moderate efficacy. They failed to reduce mortality (almost 40% deaths at 3 months) and liver-related complications. While our study adds new data in this important field, it poses challenges to develop new techniques for rapid diagnosis of the infections in the ascitic fluid. Further, our study is a reminder that we are far from having ideal antibiotic protocols in these 'difficult to treat' SBP patients. As of now, physicians should be vigilant and be prepared to escalate therapy if the patient's clinical condition deteriorates or the response tap at 48 h shows partial and non-response. There is an urgent need for clinical trials involving new antibiotics, combination of antibiotics or controlling sepsis via gut modulation or immune-based therapies.


In this paper I investigate media representations of the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games by tracing the stories of three Olympic athletes that were prominent in the mass media at the time. In revisiting them,my aim is to explore the relationship between the spectacles of sporting performances and the narratives that are generated around them. I focus in particular on the ways in which these narratives interact with the production of broader social discourses. The body in action generally evokes story-telling in viewers. The initial story, the body-text authored by the actor, is a private and unique inscription on his or her body. This body-text is, however, often overlayed by other narratives to generate different meanings. The relationships between such narratives are unsettling, giving evidence to each other while approaching different ends. The spectacles of the performing body exhibited at sporting events always spawn various narratives, through which we can observe aspects of the social and cultural norms of the time. A single performance can be brought to viewers as multiple stories that disseminate fast and far through the electronic media, and some of which have a disempowering effect on the performer. Three stories from the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games that I introduce in this essay exemplify such instances. All three exhibit traces of the modern discourse of the body – the human body to be disciplined and managed and to be "clean-and-proper", as part of Japan's on-going modernisation project since the Meiji period (1868–1912) – which was revitalised by the mass media during the Tokyo Olympic Games. By re-telling these stories, I wish to critique the ways in which this particular discourse undermined the agency of the performer and assisted the dominant paradigm of postwar Japan – namely, the ethics of hard work (the body as a means) and the belief in moving forward. This essay, therefore, does not have an ambition to present alternative accounts of history, but wishes to further enrich the growing body of critiques of sports, media and 1960s Japan. The decade after 1960 occupies a special place in my memory, which has, in hindsight, been driven by and to a certain degree shaped my research in literary studies to date. In the Asian Studies Review June 2007, Vol. 31, pp. 117–132


: Engineering is a kind of purposeful human activity, and the firm is the main organizational form in carrying out economic and engineering activities in modern society. From the perspective of engineering philosophy, the author analyzes the process of Daqing Oilfield's development. Based on the social responsibility the-ory of the firm and in consideration of the double attributes of oil products, the firm's responsibility to the society is analyzed. Drawing the insight from engineering philosophy, management science, ethics and innovation theory, the author discusses such issues as Daqing's management experience, the achievements of innovation, the strategic decision-making and the establishment of the goal of buliding "An Oilfield with A Hundred Years' Old".


The elastic impedance is the combination of acoustic impedance inversion and AVO technology, which makes it more comprehensive and more intuitive to distinguish the oil and gas information. Nowadays, the studies on elastic impedance mainly focus on the derivation of new elastic impedance formulas and the qualitative analysis of practical application. But there is still a lack of systematic study and discussion for the factors affecting the accuracy of EI formula and the quantitative calculation of EI inversion. This article discusses three factors, K value, incident angle and the convolution model, based on Connolly formula and does some forward modeling to test the factors' effects. The results show that to avoid the negative influence, a small range of incident angle of seismic data should be used in the course of Connolly EI inversion.


The paper reviewed the achievement of the metallurgical quality in 2008; put forward the focus of the work of metallurgical quality in 2009.


: An expeditious, efficient and high yield conversion of ketone group in GBB adducts was obtained by the reaction with 3-formyl chromone, 2-amino pyridine and isocyanide to corresponding thio analogues is described utilizing Lawesson's reagent. The reaction was involved microwave irradiation for both GBBR and the functional group transformation from ketone to thio ketone using Lawesson's reagent through sequential fashion. The thio heterocyclic analogs of GBB products were characterized by using NMR.


Increased interest in Analytical Photogrammetry has focused attention upon a chaotic situation which complicates research and communication between photogrammetrists. The designation of the orientation parameters in a different manner by almost every investigator has resulted in the need for a universal non-ambiguous system which depicts the actual physical orientation of the photograph. This paper presents a discussion of the basic concepts involved in the various systems in use, and recommends the adoption of a standard system within the basic framework of the Stockholm resolution of July 1956, concerning the sign convention to be used in Photogrammetry.


The relocation of fishermen's residences from the banks of the East Banjir Kanal river in Semarang City to new residential locations has resulted in a prolonged conflict between the local Government and the fishing community. Through a coalition of advocacy from various actors, the relocation was finally successfully implemented and accepted by all parties, although it took three years. This study aimed to describe and analyze the community's reaction and the impact of the advocacy coalition on the policy of relocating fishermen's residences in Tambakrejo Village. Phenomenological qualitative research methods were used, combined with a quantitative descriptive approach. The findings revealed that the community was initially hostile to the Government's plan to relocate residents, with the main reason being that it was too far away from the sea, where they earned a living. The advocacy coalition led to the provision of new residential buildings for the fishermen and increased community satisfaction with the new housing.
Keywords: policy advocacy, policy dynamics, relocation, community reaction, outcome of advocacy


A homochiral helical coordination polymer of copper(II) has been synthesized using achiral precursors via spontaneous symmetry breaking and has been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction and solid-state CD spectroscopy. The variable temperature magnetic measurements indicate the presence of weak ferromagnetic exchange interactions mediated by end-to-end cyanate bridges (J = +0.12 cm(-1)).


Earlier analyses of a very few selected gene loci of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori indicated that different genotypes predominate in different human populations. This interpretation was tested and extended by whole genome fingerprinting and genotyping of fluorescent amplified-fragment length polymorphisms (FAFLP) of H. pylori isolates from Andhra Pradesh. Highly reproducible FAFLP profiles derived from EcoRI/MseI restricted fragments revealed more or less similar genotype for 70 independent isolates with sufficient clonal groupings. These genotypes were however distinct from the European strains (H. pylori J99 and H. pylori 26695) and the reference strain NCTC 11637. We were able to genotype the isolates based on differential amplification of a total of 31 genomic loci representing important genes involved in molecular pathogenicity, adhesion/motility, toxicity/ chemotaxis, DNA replication, translation and metabolism. Phylogenetic analyses revealed major affinities among the isolates and separated them as three different strain groups. This suggests colonization by at least three dominant strain types without much evidence for genetic recombination.


This paper presents a Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) based simulation tool, called TAES for simulating transients in a wire system. The enhancement in the traditional PEEC model with the vector fitting method is provided in order to achieve a time domain simulation for frequency-dependent conductors. A system with steel bars, cables and arrestors is studied and results of experimental verification are provided. Finally, a practical configuration of telecommunication tower is analyzed using proposed tool.


In this volume the author presents a full study of the topography and landscape of Roman Dacia (roughly present-day north-central and western Romania). The work begins with investigations of the Roman road network and a discussion of the Roman geographical perception of Dacia before and after the conquest, which entailed the construction of the first roads. The author then examines the ancient sources concerning the roads of Roman Dacia, using the 'Tabula Peutingeriana', itineraries and other literary sources, the archaeological remains, and the 'Tabula Traiana', to reconstruct the main roads of Roman Dacia


A compact waveband cross-connect switch module is demonstrated that will be utilized for creating cost-effective multidegree optical cross-connect nodes. Its performance confirms the practical applicability of the developed module.


Use of dietary supplements is rising in countries where colorectal cancer is prevalent. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta‐analyses of prospective cohort studies on dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer risk. We identified relevant studies in Medline, Embase and Cochrane up to January 2013. Original and peer‐reviewed papers on dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer incidence were included. "Use‐no use"(U‐NU), "highest‐lowest"(H‐L) and "dose‐response"(DR) meta‐analyses were performed. Random‐effects models were used to estimate summary estimates. In total, 24 papers were included in the meta‐analyses. We observed inverse associations for colorectal cancer risk and multivitamin (U‐NU: RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87,0.97) and calcium supplements (U‐NU: RR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79,0.95; H‐L: RR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.70,0.92; DR: for an increase of 100 mg/day, RR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94,0.99). Inconsistent associations were found for colon cancer risk and supplemental vitamin A and vitamin C, and for colorectal cancer risk and supplemental vitamin D, vitamin E, garlic and folic acid. Meta‐analyses of observational studies suggest a beneficial role for multivitamins and calcium supplements on colorectal cancer risk, while the association with other supplements and colorectal cancer risk is inconsistent. Residual confounding of lifestyle factors might be present. Before recommendations can be made, an extensive assessment of dietary supplement use and a better understanding of underlying mechanisms is needed.


In the big data era, managing data-driven hospital operations have become one of the most important tasks for healthcare executives, increasing responsiveness to exceptional disruptions such as those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, they are still facing the challenges of how best to orchestrate the digital medical resources for improving operational performance such as cost, delivery, and quality. Therefore, drawing upon resource orchestration theory, this article investigates how hospitals orchestrate data-driven culture (DDC) and digital technology orientation (DTO) to develop big data analytics capability (BDAC) for operational performance improvement. Survey data were collected from 105 hospitals in China and analyzed using structural equation modeling and ordinary least square regression. The results show that DDC has a significant positive impact on DTO. More interestingly, there is no significant interaction effect between DDC and DTO, indicating that DDC and DTO affect BDAC independently, and not synergistically. The results further reveal that BDAC fully mediates the DTO–operational performance relationship. The findings offer useful and timely guidance on how healthcare executives can manage data-driven hospital operations to improve operational performance during and post the COVID-19 pandemic.


This paper describes one of fundamental remarks for perfect sealing, regarding the compatibility between a rubber compound and a lubricant. In the field, leakage occurred on rotary lip seals for grease-lubricated machinery. In most cases, the sealing lip had been hardened and deposition was found on the surface. In order to investigate the causes of the leakage, bench tests, pin-on-ring tests and observation tests were performed focusing on rubber and grease compounds. As a result, deposition similar to that occurred in the field was reproduced in specific cases. The results obtained suggested that a sort of solid MoDTC in grease would react with the fillers in rubber, causing surface deposition and leakage.


The J/ψ production shows an anomalous suppression discovered in Pb-Pb by NA50 collaboration and confirmed by NA60 Collaboration in In-In at 158 GeV per nucleon at the CERN SPS. The suppression is centrality dependent and anomalous suppression sets in at number of participant near 80 in In-In and near 125 in Pb-Pb. None of the available theoretical models trying to reproduce the medium effects for J/ψ production is able to describe the observed pattern simultaneously in Pb-Pb and In-In. The recent PHENIX experiment at RHIC measured J/ψ suppression in Au-Au and Cu-Cu collisions at 200 GeV energy for the nucleon-nucleon centre of mass system. The results show that the J/ψ suppression at these energies is of the same order as the suppression at SPS energies for Pb-Pb. The theoretical models that could reproduce SPS Pb-Pb results produce overestimation of the J/ψ suppression. The observed transverse momentum dependences of J/ψ suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at SPS and Au-Au collisions at RHIC are qualitatively similar. The study of the transverse momentum distributions of J/ψ as a function of the centrality of the collision shows that the observed J/ψ suppression in ion-ion interactions at all energies is particularly significant mainly at low transverse momentum where the suppression strongly increases with centrality and is of the same order for Pb-Pb and Au-Au collisions. For peripheral Pb-Pb collisions, the transverse momentum dependence of the J/ψ suppression is similar to the dependence observed in p-A and S-U collisions and shows some Cronin enhancement in the high p T region. For central Pb-Pb and Au-Au collisions, the data show a suppression which extends over the whole measured p T range.


International courts have at times interpreted the customary rules on interpretation. This is interesting because what is being interpreted is: i) rules of interpretation, which sounds dangerously tautological, and ii) customary law, the interpretation of which has not been the object of critical analysis. The present paper, aims to fill this lacuna and prove that not only interpretation of customary rules of interpretation is not problematic (it is neither tautological nor impossible), but also that it is a process completely distinguishable from that of formation/identification of customary international law. Whereas the latter determines the existence of a customary rule and has to grapple with 'practice' and 'opinio juris', interpretation of customary rules concerns itself with the rules after they have come into existence. I will then demonstrate that customary rules of interpretation have consistently been interpreted in international jurisprudence and that the interpretative process bears certain similarities to treaty interpretation.


Image-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is becoming a standard procedure for minimally invasive tumor treatment in clinical practice. To verify the treatment success of the therapy, reliable post-interventional assessment of the ablation zone (coagulation) is essential. Typically, pre- and post-interventional CT images have to be aligned to compare the shape, size, and position of tumor and coagulation zone. In this work, we present an automatic workflow for masking liver tissue, enabling a rigid registration algorithm to perform at least as accurate as experienced medical experts. To minimize the effect of global liver deformations, the registration is computed in a local region of interest around the pre-interventional lesion and post-interventional coagulation necrosis. A registration mask excluding lesions and neighboring organs is calculated to prevent the registration algorithm from matching both lesion shapes instead of the surrounding liver anatomy. As an initial registration step, the centers of gravity from both lesions are aligned automatically. The subsequent rigid registration method is based on the Local Cross Correlation (LCC) similarity measure and Newton-type optimization. To assess the accuracy of our method, 41 RFA cases are registered and compared with the manually aligned cases from four medical experts. Furthermore, the registration results are compared with ground truth transformations based on averaged anatomical landmark pairs. In the evaluation, we show that our method allows to automatic alignment of the data sets with equal accuracy as medical experts, but requiring significancy less time consumption and variability.


Research has revealed widespread anti-Muslim sentiment in Norway. Little knowledge exists, however, on the types of anti-Muslim hostility that Muslims experience and how they react to it. Based on interviews with 90 young Norwegian Muslims, we describe widespread forms of anti-Muslim hostility and discuss the strategies that Muslims use in response to stigma and prejudice. The forms of hostility that these Muslim youths most frequently described, and which they said affected them most in their daily lives, were those expressed during face-to-face encounters. The ways in which the young Muslims dealt with hostility demonstrate that they are far from passive victims. Rather, they actively engaged in attempts to reduce the impact of hostility and to challenge prejudices against Islam and Muslims through various forms of everyday resistance. We argue that these ways of responding to anti-Muslim sentiment can be perceived as a repertoire of everyday resistance, that is, a set of ways to resist hostility that are relatively well-known and regularly employed by Muslims both in our study – and beyond.


Meeting the ever-increasing performance demands of X-ray beamlines at modern synchrotrons, such as Diamond Light Source (DLS), requires the use of ultra-high-quality X-ray mirrors with surface deviations of less than a few nanometres from their ideal shape. Ion beam figuring (IBF) is frequently used for creating mirrors of this precision, but achieving the highest accuracy is critically dependent on careful alignment and precise metrology of defects on the optical surface. Multiple iterations of measurement and correction are typically required, and convergence towards the requisite shape can be a slow process. DLS have designed and built an in-house IBF system that comprises a large diameter DC gridded ion source, and a 4-axis motion stage for manipulating the mirror being figured. Additionally, a slope measuring profilometer for in-situ metrology, and an imaging system for alignment, are also built into the system. The advantages of incorporating these extra components are twofold: fast metrology feedback after each figuring run will considerably reduce the time required to perform multiple figuring iterations; and alignment and indexing errors will be drastically reduced when transferring the optic. Complemented by the Optical Metrology Laboratory at DLS and at-wavelength X-ray measurements on the Test beamline B16, it is expected that this system will enable rapid development and testing of high-quality mirrors with novel designs for micro- and nano-focussing of X-rays.


There are two main production areas for canola in the Western Cape with different climatic conditions, namely the Swartland and southern Cape (Lombard & Nel, 2007, Lombard, Strauss & Smorenburg, 2008). Canola is produced for its high food quality oil and is the major oilseed crop in the Western Cape. There are three production factors that are of economic value, namely yield, oil and protein percentage.


A key objective of the joint FAO-INBAR-Sida Expert Consultation on Rattan Development (Dec. 2000) was to analyse the global supply situation and to formulate key requirements to guarantee a sustainable future supply of rattan. The meeting highlighted that most of the raw material for local processing and for supplying the rattan industry is still obtained by harvesting of unmanaged, wild rattan resources in natural tropical forests. Only a very small share is obtained from rattan plantations. The huge economic and social importance of the rattan sector is based on a dwindling stock of wild rattan mainly from forests of tropical Asia and, therefore, compromising its future outlook. However, there are no reliable statistics on the status of rattan resources at a regional level for Asia and Africa in order to assess if the supply situation is really critical or not. A preliminary review of available data on trade in rattan products showed that reported quantities remained within approximately the same levels from 1995 to 2001. When looking at data from the international trade in rattan products during this period, there seems to be no indication of an imbalance between supply and demand, neither that the global cane supply is decreasing. What has changed is the direction of trade: Indonesia is now the main exporter of cane and China is the world's biggest importer. Shortages in the supply of cane may indeed in some cases be caused by dwindling resources of rattan in the forests, but in the economically successfully performing countries of South East Asia, a shortage of cane is often more due to the fact that rural people are gradually less interested in rattan harvesting as other (and better) options to sustain their livelihoods become available.


Mothers' and fathers' own subjective distress and self-restraint when their sons were preadolescents were related to 14 measures of sons' outcomes 4 years later. A sample of 82 adolescent boys, including 55 from 2-parent families, participated. Consistent with expectations, the sons of fathers prone to low self-restraint uniformly had subsequent difficulties across domains, including poor academic achievement (e.g., low grades, truancy), poor peer relations (e.g., low emotional support and intimacy), at-risk behaviors (e.g., drug and alcohol use, multiple sexual partners, poor conflict resolution skills), and adjustment problems (e.g., symptoms of depression). In 2-parent families, the associations between mothers' adjustment and sons' outcomes became nonsignificant once differences in fathers' self-restraint were taken into account.


International Search Report, Corresponding International Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/070729, E. I. Du Pont De Nemours and Company, Mailed Mar. 1, 2013. Related U.S. Appl. No. 13/719,261, Caimietal, filed Dec. 19, 2012. Related International Patent Application, PCT Application No. PCT/ US2012/070715, E. I. Dupont DeNemours and Company, filed Dec. 19, 2012. International Search Report, Related International Patent Applica tion, PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/070715, E. I. Dupont De Nemours and Company, Mailed May 23, 2013. Acree, The Chemistry of Sugars in Boric Acid Solutions, Adv. Chem. American Chemical Society: Washington, DC (1973), pp. 208-219. Pollak et al., Calorimetric Study of the Interactions of D-Glucose, D-Fructose, Sucrose and Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) with Borate Ions, Car bohydrate Research, vol. 241 (1993), pp. 279-283. Robytet al., Stereochemistry Involved in the Mechanism of Action of Dextransucrase in the Synthesis of Dextran and the Formation of Acceptor Products, Bioorganic Chemistry, vol. 11 (1982), pp. 115 132. Simpson et al., Four Glucosyltransferases, GTFJ, GTFK GTFL, and GTFM, From Streptococcus salivarious ATCC 25975, Microbiol ogy, vol. 141 (1995), pp. 1451-1460. Valdivia et al., Dextran Synthesis in the Presence of Oxianions, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc., US., vol. 542 (1988), pp. 390-394. Valdivia et al., Effect of Borate Ions on Dextransucrase Acceptor Reaction, Biotechnology Letters, vol. 9, No. 1 (1987), pp. 1-6. Pelmore et al., N.M.R. Studies of Complexes Formed by D-Fructose and Borate Ions in Aqueous Solution, Carbohydrate Research, vol. 155 (1986), pp. 206-211.


Finite impulse response (FIR) designs are presented using the concept of rounded truncated multipliers 12bit. We consider the optimization of bit width without sacrificing the frequency response and output signal precision. A minimum number of different pairs or groups of symbols and residues can be used to code a set of coefficients based on their probability and conditional probability of occurrence. This ingenious concept enables the notion of entropy to be applied as a quantitative measure to evaluate the coding density of different compositions of symbols towards a set of coefficients. Nonuniform coefficient quantization with proper filter order is proposed to minimize total area cost. Multiple constant multiplication/accumulation in a direct FIR structure is implemented using an improved version of truncated multipliers. Multiple constant multiplication/ accumulation in a synchronized direct FIR structure is implemented using an improved version of truncated multipliers. Comparisons with previous FIR filter design approaches. Comparisons with previous FIR design approaches show that the proposed designs achieve the best area and speed. Keywords—12bit FIR, Multiplication, Accumulation, Truncated Multipliers


In order to achieve high-density recording, the reproduced waveform needs to be improved. In this work, we clarified the correlation between the transition jitter and transition width, and tried to express the correlation. However, the correlation was not one-to-one, because of the appearance of island domains off the transition line. It was found that the islands tended to affect the increase in transition width.


The major increase in number of the patients of Dengue Fever in district of Sragen, Indonesia in the last three years (2013–2015) has taken casualties in district of Sragen, Indonesia. It affected all the people in all ages including teenagers under 15 years old. The lacking of anticipation from Health Department of District Sragen was the result of unavailable system that could predict the increasing numbers of Dengue Fever's patients. In order to solve those issues, the author then did the sustainable research by applying the combination of Genetical Algorithm (GA) and Triple Exponential Smoothing (TES) to predict the patients of Dengue Fever in that district specially on years 2016 and will be continued. The data used by the researcher was the data of Dengue Fever's patient from 2013 to 2016 in the first semester. GA was used to cover the weakness part of TES in setting the parameter of alpha, beta, and gamma that influenced the accuracy of prediction. The result of this research was the comparative data between GA-TES and TES and also the calculation of the increasing accuracy after using GA. The calculation of accuracy itself used the method of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The data of testing result showed the average of increasing of the combination of GA-TES' algorithm which was 8% comparing to TES' algorithm. Contribution this research is in method repairing of econometric forecasting using optimization algorithm, hope there's improving new model of forecasting method weak which the accuracy increase to 0%.


The characteristics of ecological condition including climate and soil under different altitudes were analyzed.The regional partition was denominated by applying the naming principle of "physiognomy + the type of soil + the characteristic of soil nutrients".The altitude ranging from 500 m to 800 m was named as the area of "low mountain + yellow soil + lower content of Potassium + medium content of Nitrogen".The altitude ranging from 800m to 1 300 m was named as the area of "medium or low mountain + yellow brown soil + medium content of Potassium + medium content of Nitrogen".The altitude ranging from 1 300 m to 1 500 m was named as the area of "medium or high mountain + yellow brown soil or brown soil + high content of Potassium + high content of Nitrogen".Meanwhile,according to the characteristics of ecological condition of each area,the corresponding cultivation techniques of flue-cured tobacco and burley were studied.And these provided technical supports for sustainable development of tobacco production in Enshi Prefecture.


Taking into account the conflicting literature data on the frequency of the clinical form of pulmonary tuberculosis and its impact on the structural and functional state of the heart, an echocardiographic assessment of heart parameters was carried out in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and its relationship with the vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF-A. The purpose — to evaluate the relationship between the structural and functional state of the myocardium and the concentration of VEGF in the blood serum in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Material and methods. The study included 77 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. During the study, the patients were randomized into 3 groups: group 1 — patients with an infiltrative form (n = 42), group 2 — patients with a disseminated form (n = 20), group 3 — patients with fibrous-cavernous form of pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 15). The control group consisted of 10 volunteers. B-mode echocardiography was performed and VEGF concentration was assessed by ELISA. Results. Higher values of RV length, LA area and RA area, and mean LA pressure were found in patients with fibrous-cavernous form, which is due to hypertrophy of the right heart, as indicated by higher values of wall thickness RV — 4.12 mm vs 3.70 in patients of the control group. A high concentration of VEGF-A in the blood serum is associated with higher parameters of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and platelet count, which may indicate a more pronounced systemic inflammatory response in the infiltrative form of pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion. Pulmonary tuberculosis is accompanied by structural and functional remodeling of the right and left parts of the heart, the severity of which is associated with the clinical form of the disease. The infiltrative form of pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with significantly higher values of the pro-inflammatory angiogenic cytokine VEGF-A compared to other clinical forms of tuberculosis and the control group.


The effect of harvesting time and cooking on water, protein, lipid, ash and fatty acid content of farmed meagre was assessed. Significant differences in nutrient content of raw fillets were detected in relation to harvesting time. Cooking by boiling induced loss of some macronutrients, mainly lipids and some fatty acids. Retention of total lipids, C18:2 n -6 and C18:3 n -3 decreased significantly with harvesting time, while C20:5 n -3 (EPA) and C22:6 n -3 (DHA) were retained in the same quantity. DHA retention was higher than that of the other FAs considered, at all harvesting times. The changes detected did not diminish the nutritional value of the fish. Despite losses induced by cooking and the low fat content, typical of this species, 100 g of fillet ensured an intake of EPA plus DHA more than double the recommended daily intake (250 mg day –1 ), at all harvesting times. The ability to preserve nutrients is an essential requirement for quality maintenance and suggests the possibility of heat-processing fillets.