What kinds of economic and social policies will help to sustain a peace process and promote longer-term stability and reconciliation in deeply divided post-conflict societies? Have post-conflict policies designed by aid agencies and national governments been sensitive to the issue of horizontal inequalities (HIs) or group-based ethnic and regional differences in access to social and economic resources? What has been their impact? New research by CRISE on this subject reveals important gaps and inconsistencies in post-conflict reconstruction policies on HIs. Based on in-depth studies of eight diverse post-conflict countries and four cross-cutting thematic studies, the findings provide a framework that helps to explain sources of success, and failure, and points to policy requirements and constraints in this area. HIs improved overall in two of the eight countries examined, while the evidence is either mixed, unclear or negative in the other cases. In evaluating and explaining the sources of differences in outcomes, this In Brief identifies three key factors that explain success in tackling HIs: early recognition; sustained implementation; enabling factors—state capacity, resource constraints and elite commitment. In addition, there is a fourth explanatory category of globali-sation and market forces that in several cases reversed or limited the effectiveness of HI-reducing policies. The results of the CRISE study suggest that the agenda of policymakers is slowly shifting away from the earlier almost exclusive focus on stabilisation and economic recovery in post-conflict environments to increasing (although not yet universal) recognition of HIs as an important issue. Greater attention is being paid to the institutional and policy requirements that this implies, especially among some national policymakers. Ethnic, religious and regional concerns are often addressed quite well within the political realm in the design of contemporary post-conflict power-sharing institutions, although less so if the more privileged group (often represented by the existing government) secures peace by crushing the opposition. Peace agreements such as Lebanon's Ta'if Accord (1989), Bosnia-Herzegovina's Dayton Agreement (1995) and Northern Ireland's Good Friday Agreement (1998), as well as the new constitutions in Afghanistan (2004) and Iraq (2005), were drafted to distribute calibrated amounts of representation and executive power to elites of all major ethnic or religious groups in order to reduce violence and resolve conflicts through institution-alised elite-inclusion. However, commensurate attention has not been devoted to the equally important issue of economic power-sharing, as is evident from the fact that HIs appear to be worsening in some of the most high-profile …


Classroom teaching with robotics points to a more engaging learning environment in many respects, particularly in terms of tasks related to problem solving and critical thinking in education. Nevertheless, previous studies have cited many obstacles to using robotics in the classroom. These obstacles include the costs of supplying students with robots, fixing and modifying the robots, and school facilities and infrastructure that negatively influence a teacher's ability to teach a particular STEM subject or to apply new teaching approaches with robotics; these issues seem to have discouraged some teachers from utilizing robotics in their teaching approaches. Accordingly, this study aims to facilitate teaching with robotics through the use of virtual robotics. The study explores the experience of eighth grade students and their teachers engaging with a virtual platform in five different K–12 schools that have formally incorporated physical robotics into STEM classroom teaching. A qualitative phenomenological approach is utilized to explore the experience, using focus groups with students and interviews with teachers. The focus of this study is on the processes of teaching and learning STEM with robotics via virtual platforms, and the perceived effectiveness and practicability of the virtual platform. The study revealed that the use of virtual classrooms and applications has become acceptable by many educational institutions, influenced to move to online platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic. This has laid the foundation for teachers and students, as the end users and main actors in education, to invest the time and effort in improving STEM and other related skills using virtual robotics. They were motivated by the perceived and acquired benefits that are associated with using virtual robotics in a web-mediated educational process. The main barriers were associated with web-mediated cultural norms and educational regulations/policies related to virtual learning. The main recommendations of the study are for teachers to be innovative, to observe, and to listen carefully to their students, relying on their pedagogical knowledge to use available technology to serve student-teacher objectives.


Abstract A useful and generally accepted method of increasing the available selection of plastics is the manufacture, by blending existing polymers, of mixed materials with new properties. Properties of the blend can be expected to correspond to the additive properties of the plastics making up the mixture, in accordance with their proportions. This is very often the sole purpose of the process, e.g., when plasticizing a brittle polymer with a more plastic one. It can however also be expected that some properties of the blend may be better than what would be given by pure additivity, as is observed with some mixed solvents or alloys. Polymers are mixed industrially on processing machinery similar to that used for processing plastics, or mixing in additives, i.e., on mills, in internal mixers, mixing extruders, Ko-Kneaders, etc. Adequate mixing is often only possible at the processing temperature of the material which requires the highest temperature. Experience has shown that in the usual processing condi...


In topological spaces, the study of interior and closure of a set are renowned concepts where the interior is defined as the union of open sets and the closure is defined as the intersection of closed sets. In literature, it is also a significant study while a set is defined as the intersection of open sets, and the union of closed sets. These respective ideas are known as the kernel of a set and its complementary function. Utilizing these ideas, some authors have introduced various kinds of results in topological spaces. Some mathematicians have extended these concepts via Levine's semi-open sets to semi-kernel and its complementary function. The study of these notions is also a remarkable part of the field of topological spaces as the collection of semi-open sets does not form a topology again. In this paper, we have taken the semi-kernel and its complementary function into account to introduce new types of frontier points. After that we have studied and presented several characterizations of these new types of frontiers and established relationships among them. Finally, we have shown that semi-homeomorphic images of these new types of frontiers are invariant.


This paper presents a simulation environment for testing and validation of a Mission Control System (MCS) of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) operating in environments with characteristics found in lakes of hydroelectric dams. The Supervisory Control Theory (SCT) is used as formalism for the analysis and modelling of the event-driven dynamics of the AUV, but also as the basis for the development and implementation of the MCS architecture, enabling the decoupling of the hybrid dynamics of the AUV in its continuous and event-driven components. The MCS and the simulation environment are developed for the ROS (robot operating system) middleware and integrated with Matlab/Simulink software, simulating the AUV continuous dynamics and its control loops, and with a Human-Machine Interface (HMI) developed in Java, emulating fault and errors events.


TPS634Background: BM frequency in NET pts is a major cause of morbidity. Though typically associated with serotonin excess in pts with carcinoid syndrome (CS), it can also occur in pts without CS d...


Threaded-sleeve connection (TSC) is a new type of semi-rigid connection for spatial grid structures. In this paper, bending behaviour of the TSC was analyzed and a mathematical model for prediction of moment-rotation behaviour was proposed. Firstly, experiments were conducted to investigate the bending performance and damage form of the TSC. The moment-rotation curves of the specimens were obtained as well. Then, solid finite element model was established through ANSYS. Comparing the theoretical analysis and experiments, it was observed that the numerical results agreed well with the experimental data, which indicates the feasibility of the finite element analysis method. Finally, the calculation formul as of the initial moment and the initial rotation of the TSC were obtained through MATLAB curve fitting. The shape parameter n was determined. Based on the Kishi-Chen power model, the moment-rotation model of the TSC was developed. Therefore, it will be possible to take into account semi-rigid analysis for a spatial grid structure with TSC easily and find the more actual behaviour of the structure. Received: Revised: Accepted: 15 September 2017 23 May 2018 18 July 2018


The lack of customer trust is an important lagging factor for the development of C2C E-commerce.Building reputation evaluation mechanism is an effective way to solve the C2C trust management problem.However,the reported reputation evaluation models have several disadvantages in evaluation dimensionality and can not satisfy the demand of China's C2C E-commerce.To solve the above problem,a multi-dimensionality reputation evaluation model for C2C E-commerce is proposed.In this model,the factors which can show seller's reputation are classified into two dimensionality types: transaction dimensionality and agency dimensionality.The former includes four dimensionalities,i.e.transaction time,transaction fee,buyer reputation and fraud punishment;the latter includes two dimensionalities,i.e.business federation,plan of customer safeguard.Moreover,C2C seller's reputation can be massed into a two-variable set and provided as an evaluation target to customers for their purchase decision-making.The empirical study on taobao.com shows that the proposed model has better capabilities of reputation-distinguishing,anti-reputation-denigrating,anti-reputation-colluding and fraud-punishment than that of traditional model.


OBJECTIVE
To identify if tobacco smoking or sociodemographic characteristics are risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

METHODS
From a county RA register 361 patients in the age range 20-79 years were recruited from incidence cohorts with recent disease onset (mean 3.4 years) and compared with 5851 randomly selected individuals from the same population area. Data on selected risk factors were collected by questionnaires (response rate 75 and 59%, respectively) and associations with smoking and risk factors were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in a multiple regression analysis.

RESULTS
Age and female sex were, as expected, identified as risk factors of RA. In addition, current smoking was an overall risk factor (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.10-1.94), in men (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.45-3.92), especially in men with seropositive RA (OR 4.77, 95% CI 2.09-10.90). Separate analyses revealed no statistically significant risk in women (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.80-1.62). Low level of formal education, body mass index, marital or employment status were not significantly associated with risk of RA.

CONCLUSION
Current smoking in men was identified as an independent risk factor for RA, whereas surrogate markers of socioeconomic status were unrelated to the onset of RA.


The latent heat linked with the first-order transformation of a NiMnIn Heusler alloy has been studied through direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change, ΔTad, during magnetization process. The experimental procedure used guarantees independent data points and negates any contribution of hysteretic losses to the magnetocaloric effect. Thus, the differences between the magnitudes of ΔTad measurements during the magnetization with the initial temperature change directions from low-to-high and high-to-low are solely attributed to the latent heat exchange, which accompanies the irreversible structural first-order transformation. An estimate of the latent heat inducing such differences is about 0.292 J/g.


The aerospace community is on the verge of a new generation of practical active flow control devices from synthetic jets to plasma actuators. However, even as the mechanical challenges of implementing these systems seem attainable, the proper placement, orientation, and energy inputs to achieve the maximum benefit in a variety of flow conditions are unknown. Successful application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to this kind of control problem critically depends on an efficient searching algorithm for design optimization. Based on our previous research of single suction/blowing jet control on a NACA 0012 airfoil, the design parameters of a test multi-jet system are proposed. The convergence rates of a real-coded "Explicit Adaptive Range Normal Distribution" (EARND) genetic algorithm (GA) without/with Diversity Control are compared. The GA drives numerous CFD simulations, guiding the configuration of a suction jet and a blowing jet on the airfoil's upper surface. Reasonable optimum control values are determined within the control parameter range, suggesting the potential use of Evolutionary Algorithms to optimize these types of flow control applications.


The author describes the theological significance of sacred sites whose primary function is as a cult, not a cultural site. He stresses the educational role of tourism as regards culture and religion while a tourism organisers' task can be to help discover the sacrum and teach respect for it. The author is opposed to the reduction of tourism to


Cite this article as: Lo Giudice G, Catania AG, Galan A. Adaptive optics study of photoreceptors layer damage from presumed sun exposure: A case report. Indian J Ophthalmol 2016;64:860-1. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non‐commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.


This paper makes analysis on existing problems of physical education teaching in School Communication University of China Nanguang. The result shows that the professional level of teachers is not fine,lectures tedious,boring single teaching method,teaching indifference lack of affinity; student health conscious indifference, lack of learn more about the course,course motivation; syllabus too harsh for elective gender restrictions,lack of project teaching authenticity; aids badly damaged and maintenance work jog,propaganda programs lack appropriate events and activities are carried out less teaching affect sports performance of the important factors. Thus It suggests that organizational arrangements of business training teachers to enrich the teaching content,improve teaching methods; through the campus network,radio,big screen TV on a regular basis for a detailed description of the course,and the growing popularity of health knowledge,improved curriculum option gender restrictions,allowing more of the boys to join,promote feelings and facilitate exchanges; school logistics departments should carry out regular maintenance and upkeep venues,teaching aids to improve the grade curriculum,so that students learn in a better environment and life,while schools should pay more for students to create opportunities for school competitions and performances to expand their skills.


Abstract Plastic solid electrolytes were prepared from inorganic lithium salts and polymer matrixes, and their ionic conductivity was discussed in relation to the ordering or the space distribution state of conduction column. When the hybrids took the micro-segregated structure with the continuous cylindrical conduction column embedded in supporting polymer matrixes, the ionic conductivity was enhanced. Thus formulated polymeric hybrids gave the ionic conductivity of 10–5 S/cm and excellent processibility.


Plate-fin heat exchanger is the preferred form of marine gas turbine intercooling heat exchanger.The coupled calculation model of flow field and temperature field was established.On the base of structure features of plain fin rectangular channels,a CFD program had been used for the simulation on the fluid flow and heat transfer in the physical model.Graphics and trends of temperature,pressure,velocity and local heat transfer coefficients of different cross-sections were given and analysed.The performance of intercooling heat exchanger under different load had been studied.


The method of space analysis and calculation of foundation pit抯 retaining structure are discussed. The concept of space elastic-reaction method is proposed and the calculation model of space analysis is established. Space elastic-reaction method is applied for three-dimensional calculation of foundation pit抯 retaining structure. Analysis is made for various kinds of factors affecting the retaining system抯 internal force and deformation. Corresponding conclusions are drawn. These conclusions can be used in practical engineerings.


Objective. To evaluate the effect and compare the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and dexamethasone parenteral administration in the form of monotherapy and combined application on the morphological parameters of inflammation and the level of IL-6 expression in the eye tissues of rabbits with experimental immunogenic uveitis (EIU) at different periods. Material and methods. In total 27 rabbits (54 eyes) were involved in the experiment, three of them were intact. 24 rabbits with reproduced EIU were divided into 8 groups (3 in each). Animals with EIU in different groups received, respectively, treatment with parenteral injections of placebo, NAC, dexamethasone or a combination of NAC and dexamethasone and were withdrawn from the experiment on the 3rd or 7th day. Subsequently, histological and morphometric assessment of the uveal tract tissues of rabbits was performed, and the level of IL-6 expression in them was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results. EIU was accompanied by pronounced inflammatory changes, as well as an increased expression of IL-6 in the tissues of the uveal tract. NAC when administered parenterally had a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect and allowed to reduce the expression of IL-6 in the eye tissues. Application of the NAC and dexamethasone combination had the most significant anti-inflammatory effect, in comparison with NAC and dexamethasone monotherapies. Conclusion. 1. Parenteral administration of NAC has an anti-inflammatory effect and reduces the expression of IL-6 in eye tissues in uveitis. 2. Combined therapy with NAC and dexamethasone has a synergistic anti-inflammatory effect. 3. The results of the study allow recommending NAC for use in the complex therapy of uveitis, in particular in combination with dexamethasone.


Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to formulate a multiple regression model by considering those factors which are positively affecting the growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India.

Methodology: The data used in this study are primary in nature which are collected through questionnaire method. The questionnaire involves the nature and size of business and opinion of the owners and managers of 454 MSMEs in Katihar district, a semi-urban area of Bihar in India, regarding the various favorable factors of digital banking on a Likert scale of
1 to 10.

Findings: The findings of the study suggest the various favorable factors of digital banking with significant coefficients i.e. Level of Easiness in accepting payments, Level of Easiness in making payments, Level of Easiness in Managing the expenditure of Business, Level of Time Saving, and Level of Check on Misappropriation or Theft of Cash are contributing towards the growth of MSMEs in India.

Research Implications: This research will be helpful to the bank managers and policymakers to encourage the MSMEs of semi-urban areas to use digital banking by stressing on only significant favorable factors and also to take necessary steps so that the MSMEs could reap the full benefits of digital banking. The study could give a new insight regarding the extent of contribution of digital banking towards the growth of MSMEs in rural and semi-urban area.


Highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) are promising to construct advanced lithium metal secondary batteries through inhibiting lithium dendrites in kinetics and lithium protection with anion-derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The mixed-solvents...


In Santa Luzia community, in the municipality of Tome-Acu, as in the Northeast Para, nowadays there is a process of change among crops, involving slash and burn systems for the implementation of agroforestry systems. This paper identifies the importance of these systems as a way to diversify production and to obtain better income. Visits were conducted with questionnaires, in addition to descriptive and multivariate statistical methods through factorial analysis. The results indicate that 95% of the families interviewed have agroforestry systems with a large crops diversification and that the existence of old agroforestry systems and the use of technologies enabled greater production, which provided new market opportunities and better economic conditions, which allows us to conclude that production in agroforestry systems promoted a higher production income.


This study brings the thoughts of Derrida into conversation with Francois Laruelle's non-philosophy or non-standard philosophy. Laruelle argued that Derrida is a philosopher of difference, thereby grouping Derrida together with Heidegger and Deleuze as philosophers of difference. The argument of this article is to explore Derrida's work, bringing it into conversation with Laruelle's non-philosophy and non-standard philosophy. This article is focussed specifically on Derrida's democracy to come in line with Laruelle's democracy of thought. The context of this discussion is the end of philosophy or the closure of philosophy, and the opening of this closure for a democracy is yet to come – or whether the ideas of the end of philosophy or the closure of philosophy (metaphysics) are philosophical materials for Laruelle's science of philosophy or non-philosophy. Laruelle does not seek a democracy to come, but understands these different thoughts as democracy of thought: all thoughts equal and unifacially turned not towards a democracy to come, but a future.


This study evaluates the effect of the Fast Track Land and Agrarian Reforms in Umguza District, Ward 10 Resettlement area as a case study and Ward 7 as a control area. The hypothesis is that the Fast Track Land and Agrarian Reforms have impacted positively on food security at household level. The research methodology employed is explained as well as the policy context for Land and Agrarian Reforms both on paper and practice, is reviewed. The study is underpinned by the Learning U Curve Theory. Food security issues are also reviewed at conceptual and national level. The implementation of the Fast Track Land Reform (FTLRP) and the successive agrarian reform strategies by the government of Zimbabwe and other stakeholders was assessed and an examination on whether the beneficiaries of these policies are food secure as compared to the pre-2000 period. From the literature reviewed, it became clear that the process for the attainment of effective food security is far too complex to happen overnight. The answers to the interview questions referred to in Appendix B are highlighted. The hypothesis is tested by analysing these answers and strategic and policy proposals are made to assist the identified stakeholders to achieve effective rural development in the light of food security and the land and agrarian reform programs. The research findings indicate that there has been marginal increase in food production since 2000 (though there are seasonal fluctuations hinged on the amount of rainfall received) but this has not translated to food secure households because availability of maize only means that the diet is mostly cereal based. Additionally, poor rainfall patterns and lack of funding for the reforms has generally impacted negatively to attainment of national food security. The final chapter highlights the main points raised throughout the study and conclusions and recommendations are made. These include an all stakeholders approach to rural development, setting up a secure land tenure system, development of infrastructure, irrigation development, input supply mechanisms, setting up of a strong agriculture market among other recommendations.


Through the evaluation of the rural tourism development conditions of typical villages in Qilian County, the rural tourism level of Qilian County is divided at the current stage, and it provides reference suggestions for the promotion of rural revitalization of rural tourism in Qilian County. Based on the two perspectives of tourism basic conditions and tourism participation, the index evaluation system is constructed, the hierarchical analysis method is used to calculate the weights of each indicator, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to calculate the rural tourism development condition level of 17 typical villages in Qilian County. The tourism development conditions of typical villages in Qilian County are generally good, and they are divided into 3 types, 2 excellent-level villages, 13 better-level villages, and 2 general-level villages. Among them, the score of infrastructure conditions is 1.665 to 2.212 points, the gap is small, and the difference in tourism participation status score is 1.103 to 1.935 points, and the gap is significant. The overall tourism development conditions of Qilian County are better and the future development potential is large; the tourism development conditions of its typical tourist villages show a decreasing distance trend with Zhuoershan-Amidongsuo as the core; the rural tourism service system in the county is gradually improved but the endogenous development capacity is weak, and it is appropriate to establish a development route according to the spatial layout and the classification of each village.


The use of performance-measuring systems in software projects is still uncommon in spite of their being considered important to minimize errors in that class of projects. This article presents a study on the perceptions and knowledge of a group of professionals involved in software projects, in relation to the use of standards and models that support the measurement of performance. The results suggest there is limited knowledge about the standards and models presented, which emphasizes the need for new approaches for making more widespread the use of performance measuring in the software development process. The paper concludes by describing basic guidelines for building a model that is in line with the assumptions of this new approach.


Severe storms and turbulence, icing, visibility, and lightning are discussed in new programs on aircraft operations. The education of pilots and ground service personnel are reviewed. More available information of weather programs and services are examined.


Writing motive changed the lexicon style in "The Sight of Father's Back" as compared with Zhu Ziqing's earlier and even contemporary essays.Archaic,old-fashioned,classical and formal words abound in "The Sight of Father's Back".


4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is used extensively in the field of cardiac muscle electrophysiology to study the role (s) in cardiac tissue of transient outward K current (Ito). Although millimolar 4-AP is widely considered to be selective for Ito, results of a previous study from this laboratory suggested that 4-AP might, in addition, exert an inhibitory effect on the rapid delayed rectifier K current, IKr (Mitcheson & Hancox, 1999). The aim of the present study was to investigate further this possibility, by characterising effects of 4-AP on heterologously expressed HERG channels, since HERG (human-ether-a-go-go-related gene) encodes the pore-forming subunit of channels responsible for IKr (Sanguinetti & Keating, 1997).


This manual consists of written descriptions of jungle perch Kuhlia rupestris production and video material to demonstrate each of the key production steps. Video links are at the end of each major written section in the document. To activate the link use ctrl click. The videos enhance the instructive ability of this manual.
The keys to producing jungle perch are:
 maintaining broodstock in freshwater or low salinity water less than 5 ppt
 spawning fish in full seawater at 28C
 incubating eggs in full seawater. Salinities must not be less than 32 ppt
 ensuring that first feed jungle perch larvae have an adequate supply of copepod nauplii
 rearing larvae in full seawater under bright light
 use of gentle aeration in tanks
 postponing spawns until adequate densities of copepod nauplii are present in ponds
 sustaining copepod blooms in ponds for at least 20 days
 avoiding use of paddlewheels in ponds
 supplementary feeding with Artemia salina and weaning diets from 20 days after hatch
 harvesting of fingerlings or fry after they are 25-30 mm in length (50 to 60 days post hatch)
 covering tanks of fingerlings with 5 mm mesh and submerging freshwater inlets to prevent jumping.


The Tarot Garden (Giardino dei Tarocchi), also known as The Monsters (I Mostri), is a well-known sculpture park realized between 1979 and 1998 by the French-American artist Niki de Saint Phalle (Figure 1). The research commenced in 2008 with the aim of recording all materials and techniques employed in the construction of the Tarot Garden (Vella 2013). Over time, the project opened up to other concerns, finally focusing on the preservation of the decorative tiles covering the Monsters themselves by examining potential protective products for glass and ceramic materials. The preservation of architectural tiles is a constant concern for many works of art around the world. However, conservation of these materials is more often associated with architectural structures, stone materials, non-architectural ceramics, mosaics, or medieval windows (Mendes et al. 2015). The scarcity of information concerning the procedures and materials usually employed in the conservation of architectural tiles, the lack of specific products for the protection of surfaces made from ceramics and glass, and the need to find an appropriate and correct methodology were the starting points for this project.


From several years the study of binary compounds has been intensified in order to find new materials for solar photocells. The development of thin film solar cells is an active area of research at this time. Much attention has been paid to the development of low cost, high efficiency thin film solar cells. CdTe is one of the suitable candidates for the production of thin film solar cells due to its ideal band gap, high absorption coefficient. The present work deals with thickness dependent study of CdTe thin films. Nanocrystalline CdTe bulk powder was synthesized by wet chemical route at pH≈11.2 using cadmium chloride and potassium telluride as starting materials. The product sample was characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The structural characteristics studied by X-ray diffraction showed that the films are polycrystalline in nature. CdTe thin films with thickness 40, 60, 80 and 100 nm were prepared on glass substrates by using thermal evaporation onto glass substrate under a vacuum of 10-6 Torr. The optical constants (absorption coefficient, optical band gap, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary part of dielectric constant) of CdTe thin films was studied as a function of photon energy in the wavelength region 4002000 nm. Analysis of the optical absorption data shows that the rule of direct transitions predominates. It has been found that the absorption coefficient, refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) decreases while the values of optical band gap increase with an increase in thickness from 40 to 100 nm, which can be explained qualitatively by a thickness dependence of the grain size through decrease in grain boundary barrier height with grain size.


This work presents the impact of land cover on water relations in the catchment of the Bogdanka watercourse which is 51.9 km2. The research and analysis of available cartographic materials have shown a significant increase in the anthropogenically transformed areas due to urbanization from almost 8% in 1940 to over 42% in 2012. Urbanized areas (buildings and communication routes) have contributed to sealing the area and thus reduced retention capacity by 0.25 million m3. Therefore, the effective rainfall P10% and P1% have increased respectively by 0.4 mm and 0.8 mm. As a result the maximum flow of exceedance probability of 10% and 1% have reached over 20% in the Bogdanka watercourse.

http://www.ecoeet.com/pdf-61452-3924?filename=CHANGES IN LAND COVER AND.pdf


The authors have succeeded, by using a chaos control method, to stabilise the complicated motion of a suspended object in a magnetic levitation system. This is one of very few examples where methods developed in association with chaotic systems are demonstrated to be applicable.


He inherent mass, volume, and power constraints of CubeSats puts a stringent limitation on the resources that can be allocated to the propulsion system without overly detracting from the other subsystems on board [1]. Both Chemical Propulsion (CP) and Electric Propulsion (EP) have been proposed for CubeSat applications, with different key constraints in each case. The limited on-board power restricts the use of highly fuel-efficient EP systems, while the CP systems have scaling related issues and require a larger mass and volume of the 1 CubeSat for equivalent levels of ∆ [2]. Nevertheless, future CubeSat missions involving constellation or formation flight will require that the satellites be equipped with a propulsion system that can operate within the stringent resource limitations of the satellite and deliver enough ∆ for their orbital maintenance [3]. There are ongoing research activities in this regard aimed at miniaturizing the space proven and conventional propulsion systems, which can be found in [1, 4-5]. However, scaling of conventional propulsion systems to the size and power limitations of 1 CubeSats, while retaining their operational performances is difficult and complex, and therefore requires the investigation of alternative approaches [6]. This study considers a CP alternative that utilizes aluminium wool as fuel and a mixture of sodium hydroxide and water as an oxidiser [7]. The novelty over conventional propellant combinations is that the reaction takes place at moderate temperatures and at a slow reaction rate. Additionally, the reactants are low cost, easy to handle and can be stored over a long duration without decomposing. The proposed configuration of the propulsion system shown in Fig. 1, is designed to take about one-third of the volume of a 1 CubeSat. It contains a reaction chamber with a nozzle, a plenum volume, two oxidiser tanks with bladders, two cool gas generators and three Lee extended performance valves (IEP Series with FFKM seal option). Table 1 shows the mass budget of the propulsion system. The total system mass is 126 grams, which is about 10% of a 1 CubeSat. The volume is 10×10×3.25 (see Error! Reference source not found.), which represents about 30% of the total volume of the 1 CubeSat.


Multichannel seismic reflection profiles across the Antarctic continental margin commonly reveal prograding sedimentary sequences that are bounded by unconformities. These sequences are as much as 5 km thick and, where sampled, are composed entirely of late Eocene( )-early Oligocene and younger glacial rocks. On nonpolar margins, prograding sequences generally are attributed to relative changes in sea level, sediment supply, and tectonism. Around Antarctica, ice sheets have also been important in controlling the geometry and location of prograding sequences. The Antarctic sequences may provide a proximal record of major Cenozoic ice volume changes and related sea level changes not obtainable from low-latitude continental shelves. Presently, the Antarctic record is poorly known because of limited core data. Two categories of prograding (P) and aggrading (A) sigmoidal sequences are observed around Antarctica: (1) P sequences that build principally outward (common) and (2) AP sequences that build largely upward and outward (less common). P sequences may result principally from grounded ice sheets, and AP sequences from open-marine basinal processes. Major rift embayments of Antarctica (e.g., eastern Ross Sea eastern Weddell Sea Lambert graben Wilkes basin) are also pathways for major ice movement. In general, most areas with P sequences lie within or adjacent tomore » Mesozoic or older rift embayment, whereas the primary area with AP sequences (eastern Ross Sea) lies within a likely Cenozoic rift embayment. The Pacific side of the Antarctic Peninsula where Cenozoic ice sheets and Cenozoic tectonism have been active, is also marked by a P sequence. Scientific drilling on the Antarctic continental shelf has recovered openwater glacial deposits (Ross Sea) as well as glacial diamicts that were deposited beneath and in front of grounded glacier ice (Ross Sea and Prydz Bay).« less


When soil loses some or all of its ability to support plant life, we say that it has degraded. Soil degradation refers to the rate at which land becomes less productive as a result of natural processes that are mostly impacted by human activities. Even though soil is vital for plants' nutritional base, hydroponics has shown that it is not required for agriculture. If soil nutrients couldn't be dissolved in water, plants wouldn't need them to grow. Sangli District is one of the developed districts in Maharashtra State, and its soils include a wide variety of granitic types. This means that agriculture in the region has flourished in recent years. Because of the abundance of black soil in this research region, crop yields are very high. Some tahsils in the Sangli district, such as Jat, Atpadi, Khanapur, and Kavathemhankal, have been left behind as land degradation has worsened over the last two decades.


Despite the recent progress in the treatment and diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the past few decades, the risk of diabetes mellitus continues to increase. Diabetes mellitus remains a significant independent cardiovascular risk factor even after adjusting for age, smoking, body mass index, and hypertension. The worldwide estimate of diabetes mellitus reported by The International Diabetes Federation in 2014 was 387 million, with an overall prevalence of 8.3%, is expected to rise to 552 million by 2030.


Based on a critical review of known research and developments in recent years, the article presents a methodology for analyzing the capacity of the sugar beet sweeping-transport complex. The research aims to find rational use of machinery resources in the technological complex. A reloading method of transportation of root crops was considered. Its peculiarity was flexibility, adaptability to weather, and climatic and economic conditions during the gathering of sugar beet. Under favorable weather conditions and the availability of a sufficient number of vehicles, dug roots, removed from the combine from the field by a tractor semi-trailer, were reloaded into the heavy trucks. They were on the road from the edge of the field and transported to the plant. In case of changing conditions (in rainy weather, when the soil was too wet, or when there were not enough vehicles), a cleaner loader was added to the machines complex. After, the production process was carried out in a transshipment or flow-transshipment way. Beet harvesting and transportation of root crops were considered as work of the technological chain, which consists of three links: "field – beet harvester", "beet harvester – tractor semi-trailer", and "tractor semi-trailer – vehicle". The basic steps of the capacity analysis allowed for determining the capacity of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd links, their comparison, and subsequent analysis and selecting rational options to overcome the possible difference between their values.


Fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the uterus hence they are most frequently encountered tumors during pregnancy and delivery. The incidence [1] of fibroid associated with pregnancy has been reported as 0.3 -5%. What effect the fibroids have on pregnancy and delivery depends on the number, size and location of the fibroids; if located in the lower uterine segment; they may cause obstruction and these cases have to undergo CS. Otherwise too; patients with fibroids in pregnancy have higher chances of undergoing CS for various indications [2]. The fibroid/ fibroids located in lower segment anteriorly have to be removed to deliver the baby. Should other fibroids not in the lower segment be removed electively or not continues to be the subject of controversy and debate. Myomectomy at the time of CS was considered a dangerous and dreaded surgery because of fear of massive haemorrhage which can occur due to increased vascularity and may end up in hysterectomy [1].


Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China., Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China., Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China


We perform a proof-of-principle experiment for a nondestructive method for detecting the elemental and isotopic composition of materials concealed by heavy shields such as iron plates with a thickness of several centimeters. This method uses nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) triggered by an energy-tunable laser-Compton scattering (LCS) γ-ray source. One-dimensional mapping of a lead block hidden behind 1.5-cm-thick iron plates is obtained by measuring an NRF γ-ray of a lead isotope 208Pb. We observe a 5512-keV γ-ray from 208Pb excited by the quasi-monochromatic LCS γ-rays with energies up to 5.7 MeV. The edge position of the lead block is consistent with the exact position within the uncertainty.


Becoming proficient in academic writing can be theorised as entry/apprenticeship in the ways with words of a discourse community. It follows from this perspective that the writing conventions which students learn will be specific in many ways to their discipline area/discourse community. As Bartholomae puts it, "The student has to appropriate (or be appropriated by) a specialised discourse"(Bartholomae 1985: 134). One set of conventions that students must acquire are those for quoting and referring to the work of others, primarily published academic sources. Acquiring these conventions can be seen as one of the ways that the student learns to take up a discourse position in text. This paper will report on a study of quoting and referring practices in three undergraduate discipline areas: information studies, humanities and nursing. Through a variety of methods (discourse analyic and critical ethnographic) the study investigates the role of quoting and referring practices as student writers learn to construct an appropriate dscourse position within the text. Introduction This paper is a work-in-progress report on a research project currently being carried out with internal research funding at the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS). The researchers are members of the Centre for Language and Literacy in the Faculty of Education and of the ELSSA (English Language and Study Skills Assistance) Centre at UTS. In this paper, we will begin by sketching the background and context of the research, outlining key research questions and the methods of investigation we have adopted. Then, we will explore some of the issues concerned with the theoretical model we are developing with reference to the analysis of a small segment of the data. Finally we will draw out some implications and future directions in our data gathering and analysis. We were interested in investigating how students incorporate the words and ideas of others into their written assignments. In particular we were interested in investigating this issue from a number of complementary perspectives: looking at academic writing as text, at the processes of text production, but also at academic writing as social practice, in particular the embedding of writing practices in particular disciplinary formations. We saw the issue of incorporating the words and ideas of others (wordings and meanings in the Hallidayan formulation) as being one of the most complex and yet fundamental features of academic writing, one which has received, until recently, relatively little research attention, in Australia or elsewhere. From the perspective of academic writing as text, a number of researchers ( Thompson & Yiyun 1991, Pickard 1994) have examined issues such as the incidence and functions of reporting verbs in academic writing, others, such as Cherry (1990) and Bazerman (1989) have examined the issues involved in incorporating the words and ideas of others in academic writing in the processes of text production, others ( Bazerman, 1988, Ivanic 1993, 1994, Pennycook 1993) explore aspects of academic writing as social practice. In addition to the theoretical issues raised, there were practical issues related to the teaching of academic writing in the university which engaged our interest in the topic. Academics setting and assessing assignments want students to be able to produce essays which integrate the materials of the courses they teach and produce well referenced, well supported arguments. Yet they have few tools readily at hand to theorise just what it is that they are asking students to do. The absence of agreed knowledge about this matter is illustrated by the large range in understandings we have encountered in discussing questions of referencing and attribution with academics. These range from on the one hand a quite wide-spread lack of interest and concern for what is perceived as merely a matter of the mechanics of referencing, and hence a simple skill that can be imparted by someone like a study skills adviser, (on a kind of deficit model). On the other hand and at the opposite extreme we have encountered high levels of concern about these mechanics and problems of plagiarism. Accompanying this are views articulated with widely varying degrees of theoretical sophistication about so-called 'originality' in student work and notions of students 'own voice', their 'own argument', their 'own opinion', taking up a position in the text. These concepts sit in an uneasy relationship with the requirement in an academic essay to engage the words and ideas of others, the published scholars in a field and to engage in critical analysis. We saw that there was a need to explore the relations between these different and potentially conflicting requirements: to read, discuss, quote, attribute and reference the texts of others and, in doing so, to author a 'new' text drawing in different ways on established discourse conventions, and create an acceptable subject position in discourse. Complicating this still further were our perceptions deriving from our professional experiences, that these issues took on different forms and had different salience within different disciplines. Methodology Our first question was: what literature could we assemble which offered ways of exploring what happened in a text when other texts and fragments were incorporated? This led us to collecting the empirical research in the field but also to exploring theoretical and analytic models for understanding what 'attributing' might actually mean. This work includes Bakhtin (1986) with his notions such as 'voicing' and to the work of critical linguists such as Norman Fairclough (1988, 1992) who has elaborated the Bakhtinian approach to discourse with his particular formulations of the notions of 'intertextuality' and 'inter-discursivity'. Our second set of questions concerned the issue of disciplinary differences in academic writing practices. We were mindful also of something we wanted to call institutional culture, which included the specificity of UTS as a particular kind of university, with a particular mission, encompassing education for the professions, where many long-established areas of professional practice are facing issues of recent 'disciplinisation' and often working in multi-disciplinary ways. These issues often focus on questions of scholarly research and writing, and we have found a particular concern of questions of referencing and attributing. In fact these concerns appear almost to be a hallmark of the new disciplines, while the lack of interest in these questions has come from more established disciplines such as the humanities. We chose three fields: gender studies in Humanities, Information Studies and Nursing. These were fields where particular academics expressed interest and concern about referencing and attribution in student writing. So we do not make claims for the representativeness in any quantitatively reliable way. Rather, we wanted to explore in depth the specific disciplinary concerns of these three fields, in order to map practices of attribution and referencing as they constituted the particular discourse practices of that community. Method We have a principal co-operating academic contact in each of the three subjects, who is a co-ordinator for that subject. One complete set of assignments for that subject was collected, together with the study guide and reading materials. The assignments had been marked as we were concerned to relate the marker's assessments and comments with our own textual analyses of the student assignments. In each subject we selected three assignments for in-depth analysis. We are not so much concerned with being systematic in terms of selecting typical or representative texts. Rather, we are plumbing the texts to find ways to describe different practices of incorporation of secondary material. We are at present in the process of following up the analyses of our initial data set with interviews with the subject co-ordinator and the other markers who are all tutors in the subject, in order to elicit their views on the assignments, including general criteria for assessment, and specific criteria concerning referencing and attribution. One point of interest has been to compare the different markers in terms of the different feedback they gave students, specifically with respect to questions of referencing and attribution. As a consequence, we are also considering having the assignments double marked. Another point of interest is in getting the academics to reflect on their own writing practices as a way of developing a 'thick description' of writing practices within the discipline. As a further stage in the data collection, students are being interviewed about their assignment and their academic writing practices more generally. The focus is on how they went about the process of writing the assignment and their understandings of the requirements of the task, specifically with respect to attribution. Data analysis In this part of the paper we are going to look at excerpts from two highly valued texts in the Humanities subject, Gender, Culture and Power, and discuss the position the writers are taking up in relation to the sources and theories they are drawing on. (Our criterion for highly valued in this context being that the assignment was assessed as Credit or above on a Fail, Pass, Credit, Distinction scale.) This analysis makes use of the notion of intertextuality as it is outlined by Norman Fairclough (Fairclough 1992). Fairclough notes that the term intertextuality was coined by Kristeva in the late 1960s in her accounts of the work of Bakhtin (cf Kristeva 1986). Although Bakhtin does not use the term himself, the development of an intertextual approach to texts was a major theme in his work. For Bakhtin, all utterances, both spoken and written, are constituted by snatches of others' utterances. He writes 'our speech .... is filled with others'


In the midst of the mainstream taxi business that is driven by profit-maximizing operators and taxi drivers, social innovators are breaking the established model by creating a specialty taxi market that serves a neglected market, i.e., the elderly, the disabled and wheelchair users, using an alternative compensation model and novel taxi design, as well as balancing social and business goals. This chapter summarizes a study of Diamond Cab, perhaps Hong Kong's (China's) first and most successful social enterprise, that has created a specialty taxi market from the ground up and quickly gained legitimacy in the new market. The study proposes several factors that explain the success of the social enterprise: a focused strategy, social design orientation, social bricolage, and informal and formal advice networks, as well as biographical variables including personal values, traits, and distress. It concludes with implications for theory, practice and policy making.


Imidacloprid, a potent neonicotinoid insecticide, is currently one of the best selling insecticides. We report a patient with clinical toxicity due to the ingestion of imidacloprid in a deliberate suicide attempt. The structure and mode of action of imidacloprid are discussed.


The present invention discloses a medium and small capacity drum washing machine motor, comprising a stator core, a rotor core, positioning sleeve, the stator coil, positioning the stator core and the insulator sleeve is connected by injection molding to form the stator, the stator coils wound on the insulator of the stator, the rotor a rotor magnet iron core and a rotor equipped with splines, the rotor core, a rotor magnet and a rotor is fixed by splines rotor plastic, both ends of the positioning sleeve having a flange structure. Motor of the present invention has upper and lower stators sleeve flange structure, this positioning sleeve after injection molding of the stator, which stator mounting surface flatness are not generated due to the variation of discontinuity mounting bolts, the motor stator positioned to ensure consistent flatness of a plane sleeve and the mounting surface of the washing machine, so as to effectively control the vibration and noise on the washing machine motor operation.


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Part of the water of a hypertonic secretion will enter passively along the osmotic gradient between blood and secretion. The aqueous humour is hypertonic in several species and it is often thought that all of its water enters as a consequence of the hypertonicity. To investigate this point, the osmotic pressure difference aqueous-plasma and the mobility of water under osmotic forces across the barrier between aqueous and plasma have been measured in anaesthetized cats.

The thermo-electric vapour pressure method was used. In steady state, the aqueous of the posterior chamber in cats was about 5 mOsm/l hypertonic to plasma. With the secretion rate of 15 μlmin water mobility would have to be about 3 μl/min/mOsm/l in order to explain the rate of water secretion by osmotic attraction.

In order to measure the actual water mobility, sudden changes in the osmotic pressure of the plasma were induced by anisotonic injections and the initial rate of volume change of the intraocular contents correlated with the (measured) degree of anisotonicity of the plasma. The mobility found was far below 3 μl/min/mOsni/l. Hence, water movement is not due to osmotic attraction by the bulk of the aqueous.

It is stressed that osmotic pressure measurements in vitro can be quite misleading when applied to living systems. In vitro methods use perfect membranes or their equivalents, which have no certain counterpart in vivo. Since in the living organism a steady state concentration difference can be upheld even across a leaky membrane, the magnitude and even direction of the osmotic force existing in vivo can differ markedly from that measured in vitro.


A condenser microphone for an SMD(Surface Mount Device) and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to reduce the number of parts and a manufacturing process and cost by unifying a pad PCB(Printed Circuit Board) for an SMD and a PCB of a microphone. Mechanical parts are mounted on a case so that a condenser microphone is attached to a main PCB by an SMD. A PCB is mounted on the condenser microphone. At least one penetration groove(110a) is formed on an end part of the case. The PCB includes an inner part(120a), and a protrusion part(120b). The inner part(120a) is inserted into an inner side of the case. The protrusion part(120b) is protruded to an outer side through the penetration groove(110a) of the case. A plurality of penetration grooves(110a) is formed on an opposite plane at an end part of the case.


Formation of the sp3-defect due to covalent functionalization of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) results in a new red-shifted emissive excitons. Using density functional theory, we study th...


Chase, Chance, and Creativity: The Lucky Art of Novelty James H. Austin, 2003, New York: Columbia University Press, 246 pages.


Acidic water that contains elevated concentrations of metals has contaminated a stream and alluvial aquifer in a mining district near Globe, Arizona. The contaminated aquifer is a narrow layer of unconsolidated alluvium along Miami Wash and Final Creek. The alluvium overlies basin fill, which extends throughout most of the Final Creek basin. The alluvium and basin fill compose the primary aquifer in the basin. Horizontal hydraulic conductivities were estimated at about 200 meters per day in the alluvium, and average linear ground-water flow velocities are about 5 meters per day. Water levels in the aquifer respond rapidly to extended periods of runoff in the basin and variable rates of ground-water pumping. Fluctuations of as much as 2.5 meters in 6 months have been measured. Ground-water levels were near record highs during spring 1985 and declined as much as 13 meters by spring 1989. Measured hydraulic gradients indicate that flow generally is upward from the basin fill to the alluvium. From 1980 to 1984, 155 liters per second of seepage from Webster Lake and 279 liters per second of streamflow infiltration were estimated to be the two largest sources of inflow to the regional aquifer. Significant outflows from the aquifer were 166 liters per second of pumpage and 240 liters per second of ground-water discharge to Final Creek. INTRODUCTION Acidic waters that contain elevated concentrations of metals drain from areas disturbed by mining activities in Final Creek basin, Arizona (fig. 1), and have created a contaminant plume about 15 km long in a stream and aquifer (Eychaner, 1988, p. 291). Mining began in the study area in the late 1800's and continued through the time of this study. From about 1940 to 1986, acidic-waste solutions were stored in Webster Lake; seepage from the lake was a major cause of aquifer contamination. Although the movement of the acidic plume is primarily in ground water, stream-aquifer interactions are important because acidic water can discharge to the land surface when runoff from large storms recharge the regional aquifer. The presence of contaminated ground water has long been recognized in the basin but was not studied until 1979 (Envirologic Systems, Inc., 1983). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began studies in the area in 1984, and in 1987, cleanup of the contaminated ground water began under the supervision of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This study was undertaken to increase understanding of the movement of the contamination plume by a comprehensive examination of the hydrogeology and streamaquifer system in the area. Sources of hydrogeologic data included published literature, unpublished data files of the U.S. Geological Survey and mining companies, and field studies. Purpose and Scope The purpose of this report is to describe the hydrogeology and stream-aquifer system in Final Creek basin. The report discusses the lithologic and hydraulic characteristics of major waterbearing units and includes a water budget for the regional aquifer for August 1980 to September 1984. Important components of the water budget


1. Ahmeneh Ghavam, MD*
2. Mary Gaspers, MD, MPH*

1. *Department of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

A 35-month-old boy presents with history of vomiting and unsteady gait. Earlier today at daycare he had several episodes of emesis, developed an unsteady gait, and stated he did not feel well. Later at home, his parents noted that he continued to vomit and became difficult to arouse. He did not have any seizures, but the parents report some erratic eye movements. There is no known history of head trauma, medication ingestions, or exposure to toxic substances.

On physical examination, the boy is unresponsive but breathing spontaneously. Vital signs include: temperature 36.1°C (96.9°F), heart rate 92 beats/min, respiratory rate 33 breaths/min, and blood pressure 151/101 mm Hg. Neurologic examination reveals a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 (eyes 3, verbal 1, motor 4); a positive gag reflex; pupils that are 2 mm in diameter, equal, and nonreactive to light; normal muscle bulk and tone; 2+ patellar reflexes; and normal flexor plantar response. The remainder of his examination yields normal results.

Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head is initially read as normal. Results of all other tests, including complete blood cell count, serum electrolytes, and urine drug screen, are normal. Cerebrospinal fluid studies are negative for infection.

Due to persistent altered mental status, the boy …


Aim : This research was to see the effectiveness of Professional Course In Gymnastic in increasing the flexibility. Methodology : Male students enroled in this course (n=30) participated for this study. The increase in flexibility (pre- and post-test) was measured by Sit and Reach Test. Data for pre- and post-test were analyzed for significant differences. Results : The mean for pre- and post-test were 40.4 ± 4.37 (cm) and 41.63 ± 4.96 (cm), respectively. The result showed that there were significant differences in pre- and post-test (p<0.05) in this research.


The reactive powder concretes(RPC) has the high performance in strength,toughness,the low factor of porosity and the extremely low permeability,which attract the attention of domestic and foreign researchers.The design principle of RPC is discussed;then it is pointed out that the RPC has the advanced characteristics compared with other concrete structures.Furthermore,the application and problems in RPC research are introduced.In conclusion,RPC is in the leading level of concrete and will be used widely.


Aiming at the problems of implicit security issues arising from the interconnected and the centralized management of data platforms in the IoT application system with the development of network intelligence and information technology, a design method of comprehensive privacy protection method is proposed. This method is focusing on the application security of the sensing layer and the transport layer, in the sensing layer, three factors including dedicated encryption chip, electronic key and hard disk data are combined for identity authentication, in terms of protection strategy, protect privacy with anonymization, lightweight encryption, routing protocol, etc. The experimental results show that the proposed method can prevent data leakage on related hardware effectively, and multiple security strategy can prevent data leakage in the process of transmission or at a node effectively.


1. A process for the regeneration of the lithium raw material containing lithium, wherein the feedstock is heated in the reactor with carbon due to the fact that carbon is subjected directly to induction nagrevu.2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the feedstock comprises carbon, in particular, amorphous carbon and / or graphite, which is capable of undergoing direct induction heating and / or in that the feedstock is added and / or carbon black is added, in particular amorphous carbon and / or graphite, which is capable of undergoing direct induction nagrevu.3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the feedstock comprises waste batteries containing litiya.4 ions. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the feedstock used particulate material greater than 50 wt.% Of which has a grain size of more than 30 mm, preferably in the feedstock particulate material used, more than 50 wt.% Of which has a size grains of 50 to 150 mm.5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the induction heating is performed with frequencies from 1 to 50 kHz, in particular from 1 to 10 kHz, in particular from 2 to 5 kGts.6. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the set maximum reactor temperature of from 1100 ° C to 3000 ° C, in particular from 1200 to 1800 ° C, in particular from 1250 to 1500 ° C.7. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the gaseous phase is converted into liquid lithium is precipitated, in particular water, and / or in that at least one zone of the reactor is introduced water and / or steam, for example, pulverized or finely dispergiruyut.8. Reactor for carrying out the method according to one or more of the preceding p.p.1-7, characterized in that the reactor is provided with


ABSTRACT Various abductive research approaches have been foregrounded in the literature in recent years. This paper joins the literature on engaging with abductive research approaches, and proposes the term of 'informed guessing' as a way to think about enacting educational research abductively to allow new concepts, ideas and insights to come into being. Informed guessing is triggered by a surprising encounter, and the researcher attempts to understand that encounter (a little) differently by making relations and connections among disparate entities (e.g. concepts and objects). In informed guessing, theories and concepts play an important role by allowing one to refer to 'invisible' structures as well as for the enactment of defamiliarization, which allows for alternative understandings. Informed guessing is illustrated through an instance of my research enactment on the U.S. school choice lottery system. I conclude by raising concern about the relation between abduction and deduction in informed guessing.


Firstly,the paper analyses design of replacing schemes of Taiyuan Zhongwei railroad project and comparison and choice of many projects;then,it expounds briefly the strategic significance in macroscopic aspect. Finally,it studies practicability in aspects of funds,technology,knowledge,policy making and coordinate.


Rural cooperative medical system (a newly-formed one), orgnized and supported by the government with the peasants participating voluntarily, and raising funds form multiple sources including individual, collective and gorvenment, is a medical security system of mutual medical aid of peasants which focuses on comprehensive arrangenment for sericus diseases.Some municipal hospital,designated health-care institutions of the new cooperative care system in rural areas, provide excellent medical service for the peasants, but meanwhile, problems such as high fee and low expensereporting return etc ,arise. This paper brings into cost controling of the "involved" patients in multicipal hospitals.


As a special discourse,legal discourse has been occasionally analyzed from pragmatic point of view,so there are not many documents on that topic.Based on this,this paper endeavors to combine some relative pragmatic theories with the prominent features of legal discourse.The paper draws on one particular rule of pragmatics: Grice's Co-operative Principle(CP).One of four maxims of the CP is the maxims of relevance,which can be applied to the study of solidarity featured in the legal discourse.The expectation of relevance has much influence on the degree of solidarity.The relationship between solidarity and the expectation of relevance is given typical points by the studies of legal discourse together with related genre.In the ending endeavor,dynamic relevance is examined from the functional perspective.


This thesis is focused on the issue of addictive ill patients. It deals with the parts of aftercare services, provided services and law anchorage. It also deals with other treatment options for addictive patients and social work with them.
Data was obtained by a self-made questionaire about awareness of patients of psychiatric hospitals for addiction treatment about aftercare.


Two magnetospheric substorm particle events recorded simultaneously at the 6.6 RE equatorial plane and the conjugate region on earth in the auroral zone have been analyzed for fast temporal structures. The analysis indicates that the 10-second quasi-periodic modulations observed commonly in precipitation events also exist in trapped energetic electron fluxes confined in the equatorial plane. The Fourier spectral analysis shows a significant peak at 7–8 second periods for both the trapped and precipitated electron fluxes for the event that occurred on April 21, 1967, whereas the spectral analysis of the August 17 event shows a complicated multipeak frequency spectrum for both regions. The time development characteristics of these modulations are also studied by dynamic spectral analysis method. The coherence analysis of the two sets of data shows that the modulations in the equatorial plane and the auroral zone were generally uncorrelated, with the exception of a 6-minute duration at the beginning of the April 21, 1967, event. Finally, the analysis reveals that although the modulations in precipitated fluxes attained peak-to-valley flux ratios of about 2, the modulations in the equatorial plane were only a few per cent.


Euglenoids excrete mucilage depending on the culture conditions.1} Euglena mucilage is a very insoluble material, and its composition and properties are not well known.2)3) In this paper we report the solubilization, composition, and chemical properties of the mucilage from Euglena gracilis Z. A streptomycin-bleached mutant from E. gracilis Z produced much more mucilage than did the wild type cells. The bleached mutant was cultured in Koren-Hutner medium4) in the dark at 27°C for 5 days with shaking (90


This research aimed to develop a module of environmental pollution based on local wisdom in Gunungkidul to improve the environmental care attitude of junior high school students. This research was a RD they had that must be maintained and preserved to protect the environment from pollution; they had curiosity, critical, and care about the environment in identifying the impact of environmental pollution; they had curiosity, critical, and care for the environment in identifying the impact of environmental pollution, and they must using our nature wisely and maintaining the balance of the ecosystem in the surrounding environment. The students' environmental care attitude would also develop by placing Gunungkidul's local wisdom in each module subject. The module got a very decent validation value in terms of material, media, and language.


culture's "aphasia" caused by the culture over-empathy tends to be very serious.To solve the problem,principle of culture equality is needed,with proper proportion of Chinese culture introduced in teaching materials,English expression of Chinese culture enforced in research,and teachers' quality improved in cross-culture communication.


In 1952. Conley and Hartmann described a unique iuvitriy anticoagulant phenomenon occurring in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a haemorrhagic disorder.' The anticoagulant prolonged the whole blood clotting time and the prothrombin time, but no specific clotting factor deficiency was detectable. The term "lupus anticoagulant' was introduced in 1972 to describe this phenomenon.' which was shown to be due to the presence of an inhibitor directed against negatively charged phospholipid in the clotting cascade. It is now known that the lupus anticoagulant {I A) is an IgC or IgM antibody that interferes with the formation of the prothrombinase complex composed of factor X, factor V. phospholipid and calcium. Thus, there is inhibition of conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during the Knal stages of coagulation (Fig. 1).'


This paper describes a combined remote sensing-GIS-logistic regression approach of merging extracted information from Landsat images with georeferenced biophysical and socio-economic datasets in the detection and analysis of the driving forces of forest cover change in Agusan del Norte (ADN) in Mindanao Island, Philippines, a province where forest resource use have been historically extensive. Year 1976 Landsat 2 MSS and year 2001 Landsat ETM+ images were independently classified using Support Vector Machines (SVM) to produce land cover maps with overall classification accuracies of 95% and 98%, respectively. Changes in forest cover and other types of land-cover change in the 25-year period were then detected from these maps through post-classification comparison in a GIS. To investigate what has driven these conversions, the associations between these changes and a selection of biophysical and socio-economical variables were explored through logistic regression analysis. The results show that while both the biophysical and socio-economical variables were significantly associated with the occurrences of forest cover change, the models containing only the socio-economical variables predict better the occurrences of change than those containing only the biophysical variables. This implies that most of the forest cover change detected in the year 2001 in ADN is much more a socio-economical matter, and is less forced by biophysical limitations. With these results, this study demonstrated the usefulness of RS, GIS and statistical analysis as exploratory tools in understanding the underlying processes and identification of driving forces of forest cover change, especially in areas of extensive forest resource use.


In this paper, cavity based linearly graded photonic crystal sensor using porous silicon is proposed for sensing application. TMM (Transfer matrix method) is used to analyze the reflectance of the structure. Sensitivity of photonic crystal cavity-based sensor is compared with linearly graded cavity-based sensor. Thickness grading structure of the proposed structure exhibit a sensitivity of 274% more than non-graded structure.


In the field of machine vision, surface structured light image stitching can generate high-resolution images with large field of view, which can meet the needs of enterprise production. This paper introduces a 3D image Mosaic method based on robot arm and fringe projection technology. In this method, a surface structured light vision sensor installed at the end of the manipulator is used to scan and reconstruct the workpiece surface. The sensor consists of a DLP projector and a 3D camera. A set of sinusoidal structured light is projected at the measurement position, which is synchronously collected by the camera. The collected image is de-phased by using the principle of four-step phase shift and multi-frequency heterodyne to obtain 3D information. The coarse positioning algorithm of the manipulator is used to splice part of the acquired 3D information, and finally the complete 3D point cloud data on the surface of the workpiece to be measured is obtained. The experimental results show that the method can effectively and quickly obtain the 3D surface information of the car model, with strong stability and high accuracy.


Everyone, everyday, everywhere has to use money to cope with climatic cold or heat to satisfy survival needs. This point of departure led to a decade of innovative research based on the tenet that climate and affluence influence each other's impact on culture. Evert Van de Vliert discovered survival cultures in poor countries with demanding cold or hot climates, selfexpression cultures in rich countries with demanding cold or hot climates, and easygoing cultures in poor and rich countries with temperate climates. These findings have implications for the cultural consequences of global warming and local poverty. Climate protection and poverty reduction are used in combination to sketch four scenarios for shaping cultures, from which the world community has to make a principal and principled choice soon.


The experiment was performed to check operation characteristics of automatic cleaning apparatus for multi pass heat exchanger using ejector. The results showed as following with respect to operation pattern such as ball input and collection time. The ejector suction flow rate increased as the head of operating pump of ejector. Proper suction flow rate showed 7.2~10.2㎥/h for ball collection in case of pump head 35~50m. The head of ejector outlet pipe is below 4.1m in case of 40m, the head of operating pump of ejector to confirm ejector suction flow rate 8.4㎥/h. The head of ejector outlet pipe needs to be below 7m in case of 40m, the head of operating pump of ejector. The pressure of suction chamber decreased as the head of operating pump of ejector.


Recent observations of the globular clusters in the Milky Way and M31 confirm that their luminosities follow a relatively simple distribution, the globular cluster luminosity function (GCLF), that is uni-modal and nearly symmetric. Maximum-likelihood methods are used to fit three simple types of analytic functions (Gaussian, Cauchy, and t) to the GCLFs in these two galaxies. The analytic function which best describes the GCLFs is found to be the t distribution with a shape parameter of μ ∼ 5


The invention discloses a bridge guardrail paint spraying vehicle which is applied to the technical field of paint spraying. The bridge guardrail paint spraying vehicle comprises a motor vehicle, a lifting mechanism, a paint spraying device, a first working compartment, a second working compartment and a separating and combining mechanism, wherein the lifting mechanism and a paint spraying vehicle are arranged on the side face of the motor vehicle; the separating and combining mechanism is used for connecting the top parts of the first working compartment and the second working compartment; the first working compartment and the separating and combining mechanism are both fixed on the lifting mechanism, and the first working compartment and the second working compartment can be separated/combined through the separating and combining mechanism. The manned working compartments can automatically move from one section of light post and marker post barrier rail to the outer side of another section of guardrail, and outdoor operations are changed into indoor operations in the compartments by using the lifting mechanism and the separating and combining mechanism. Thus, the invention reduces labor intensity and environmental pollution, increases safety and paint utilization ratio, saves energy, reduces carbon and improves working efficiency.


The territorial system of ecological stability is an integral part of spatial planning activities. The paper compares and analyses this system in selected cities of the Czech Republic and tries to identify factors that influence the overall area of the system elements. The paper compares data on territorial system of ecological stability in the administrative territory of four selected cities - Ostrava, Český Tešín, Nový Jičín, and Jihlava. These data are based on data from the Czech Statistical Office and town and country planning plans. Their example shows that the overall scope of TSES does not always depend on the nature of a consistent city environment. At the end, the link to the current issue of BIM is briefly described.


The tensor analyzing power T{sub 20} and the spin transfer coefficient {kappa}{sub 0} for the deuteron breakup reaction {sup 1}H(d, p)X at 0{degrees} and at high energy are functions of the D/S ratio of the deuteron wave function (DWF) and are related by the equation of a circle in the {kappa}{sub 0}-T{sub 20} plane if (1) the deuteron wave function has the commonly accepted S- and D-component structures and (2) the mechanism of the breakup reaction does not change the spin of the detected proton. This correlation of the two polarization observables is independent of any model of the deuteron wave function with 2-component structure. The experimental data deviate from the {kappa}{sub 0}-T{sub 20} circle, indicating that at least one of the above assumptions is not fulfilled. Two assumptions are discussed to explain this deviation: (1) the DWF has additional components, for example the N{sup *}N P-wave and (2) complicated spin-dependent interfering graphs change the spin of the detected proton. We suggest an experimental way to verify the first of these assumptions by searching for the {eta} decay of the negative parity N{sup *}(1535) baryon of the N{sup *}N component in the deuteron ground state. 17 refs., 3 figs.


The Gamelan Sampul is a laptop sleeve with embedded circuitry that allows users to practice playing Javanese gamelan instruments without a full set of instruments. It is part of a larger project that aims to develop a set of portable and mobile tools for learning, recording and performing classical Javanese gamelan music. The accessibility of a portable Javanese gamelan set introduces the musical genre to audiences who have never experienced this traditional music before, passing down long established customs to future generations. But it also raises the question of what is and what isn't appropriate to the musical tradition. The Gamelan Sampul attempts to introduce new technology to traditional folk music while staying sensitive to cultural needs.


Face recognition in surveillance situations usually requires high resolution face images to be captured from remote active cameras. Since the recognition accuracy is typically a function of the face direction - with frontal faces more likely to lead to reliable recognition - we propose a system which optimises the capturing of such images by using coarse gaze estimates from a static camera. By considering the potential information gain from observing each target, our system automatically sets the pan, tilt and zoom values (i.e. the field of view) of multiple cameras observing different tracked targets in order to maximise the likelihood of correct identification. The expected gain in information is influenced by the controllable field of view, and by the false positive and negative rates of the identification process, which are in turn a function of the gaze angle. We validate the approach using a combination of simulated situations and real tracking output to demonstrate superior performance over alternative approaches, notably using no gaze information, or using gaze inferred from direction of travel (i.e. assuming each person is always looking directly ahead).We also show results from a live implementation with a static camera and two pan-tilt-zoom devices, involving real-time tracking, processing and control.


This paper presents the stages in the construction of a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) helicopter from scratch, and the process followed to obtain its dynamical model. The modeling is carried out in three phases. In the first phase, the model of the motor and the propulsive forces are obtained using Newton's second law of motion. In the second phase, the Lagrange's equations of movement are applied to describe the complete dynamics of the system. In the third phase, a fitting process is developed in order to adjust the model to the behavior of the built prototype. Finally, in order to validate the accuracy of the model, the responses from the obtained model and from the real 2DOF helicopter are compared.


In the light of the operation features of electric precipitator in 1000MW fossil-fired unit and combined with dual-tube socket technology,the problems occurred in different ash conveying systems and operations have been compared,and the pipeline capacity,system capacity and transfer tank capacity have been put forward in the paper.According to the practice,two typical designs of electric precipitator dry ash conveying system in 1000MW coal-fired unit have been generalized,which will make the ash conveying system standardized.


This paper describes a novel model that allows exploration of matrix‐induced cardiomyocyte adaptations independent of the passive effect of matrix rigidity on cardiomyocyte function. Detachment of adult cardiomyocytes from the matrix enables the study of matrix effects on cell shortening, Ca2+ handling and myofilament function. Cell shortening and Ca2+ handling are altered in cardiomyocytes cultured for 24 h on a stiff matrix. Matrix stiffness‐impaired cardiomyocyte contractility is reversed upon normalization of extracellular stiffness. Matrix stiffness‐induced reduction in unloaded shortening is more pronounced in cardiomyocytes isolated from obese ZSF1 rats with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction compared to lean ZSF1 rats.


ABSTRACT We demonstrated a room-temperature synthesis of nontoxic polar-solvent-soluble sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN). Polyaniline emeraldine salt (PANI ES) was used as starting material for a simple moistureproof sulfonation in producing SPAN. The optimum condition was obtained at a ClSO3H concentration of 30% in sulfuric acid for 72 h of sulfonation. FTIR and Raman spectra revealed that the sulfonic group (-SO3H) is covalently bonded to the PANI ES chain. Electrical conductivity measurement of SPAN provides the conductivity value within the semiconductor range. The obtained power conversion efficiency is twice higher than a graphite-based counter electrode due to the good electrocatalytic activity of SPAN. Graphical Abstract


( - )-Peduncularine is the principal alkaloid isolated from Tasmanian shrub Aristotelia peduncularis . Due to its unusual 6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane core, the indole alkaloid was received numerous attention from the synthetic community and several innovative synthetic strategies have been developed. In this minireview, the synthetic efforts of peduncularine are summarized as inspiration for future development of medicinally interesting derivatives.


author-surgeon's book describes the limitations of surgery and improvements and the scope for future advances. Complications: a Surgeon's Notes on an Imperfect Science by Atul Gawande Metropolitan Books, Henry Holt & Coy LLC, New York, 2002 269 pages, no index. US$24 Brien Briefless • • • THE writer is a surgeon and staff writer for the New Yorker magazine. He is also a teaching professor at the Harvard Medical School. He is one of several New England surgeon/teacher/essayists, for example, Sherwin Nuland, of Yale University Medical School (How we die, 1994; and The Wisdom of the Body: How we live, 1997), and Jerome Groopman (The Measure of our Days, 1998; Second Opinions, 2000; and The Anatomy of Hope, 2003) also of Harvard. All three write well and knowledgably and this reader would expect a similar high standard in their practice of surgery. Gawande's research interest is in improving surgical care in the US and developing countries and forms the basis of this collection of essays which have previously been published in the New Yorker and the online internet "magazine" Slate. I can recall having previously read several of these articles in the New Yorker. While this volume lacks an index it does have chapter notes, allowing the reader to delve deeper if desirous of doing so. Gawande investigates why it is that things go wrong — it is not because there was no need for the word "iatrogenic" that it was coined: this is where the medical care is indeed worse than the disease. An interesting observation is that according to research cited by the author medical malpractice suits do not reduce medical error rates (this is a contradiction of the rationale cited by plaintiff trial lawyers that tort litigation is the only effective learning process for otherwise indifferent tortfeasors). Added to that, fewer than 2 per cent of patients who do have a cause of action actually litigate. And, of the medical malpractice suits filed, only a small minority are held to be victims of negligent care, and the best guide to ultimate success in litigation is the severity of the patient's adverse outcome regardless of causation.


At the MGMA 2014 conference, attendees learned about key elements of HIPAA compliance they may be overlooking. Many have to do with changes to patient rights.


An inside-out model for the formation of haloes in a hierarchical clustering scenario is studied. The method combines the picture of the spherical infall model and a modification of the extended Press-Schechter theory. The mass accretion rate of a halo is defined to be the rate of its mass increase due to minor mergers. The accreted mass is deposited at the outer shells without changing the density profile of the halo inside its current virial radius. We applied the method to a flat A-cold dark matter universe. The resulting density profiles are compared with analytical models proposed in the literature, and a very good agreement is found. A trend is found of the inner density profile to become steeper for larger halo mass, which also results from recent N-body simulations. Additionally, present-day concentrations as well as their time evolution are derived and it is shown that they reproduce the results of large cosmological N-body simulations.


Introduction: Typhoid fever is highly prevalent in India with hight rate of morbidity and mortality. There is paucity of data from India for its rapid detection by Rapid diagnostic test like Typhidot-M . Thus this study has been taken up to study the use of rapid diagnostic test for typhoid fever keeping blood culture test as gold standard. Materials and Methods : This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, Northern Railways Central Hospital, New Delhi. Blood samples of 100 patients with fever of more than 3 days duration were tested by Typhidot-M, Blood culture and S.Widal .S.Widal being done in second week of illness. Other tests for evaluation of other causes of fever were also done.. Results: Sensitivity and Specificity of TyphidotM was found to be 97.8% and 46.3% .Positive and Negative predictive values for this test were 60.8%and 96.2%.Typhidot-M had better sensitivity and specificity than serum widal test.The association between blood culture positivity and Typhidot-M test was found to be highly significant statistically. Conclusion: We concluded that there was significant association between blood culture positivity and Typhidot -M test in our study thus we can recommend Typhidot –M as the rapid, accurate and reliable tool for the early diagnosis of typhoid fever .


CHB is a suitable type of topology for synchronous rectifier application which has two or more independent DC loads. Focusing on the individual DC-link capacitor voltage balancing problems caused by asymmetric parameters of independent DC loads, this paper developed a new dual modulation signals based phase disposition pulse width modulation (PD-PWM) strategy using dynamic carrier bias allocation method. Its main idea is to allocate the bias of the carrier wave dynamically according to the balance situation of the system. Compared with the traditional modulation strategies, this method is more easily to be realized and has much stronger dynamic regulation ability. This modulation strategy is widely applicable to various types of CHB structures. A detailed analysis of the DC-link capacitor charge-discharge profile is performed, and an operation condition based dynamic bias allocation method is described using the cascaded H-bridge rectifier (CHBR) structure of five sub-modules as an example. A simulation model and an experiment platform are developed, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the modulation strategy are verified by simulation and experiment results.


Throughout his writings, Erving Goffman develops the principle that successful impression management requires an appearance of "spontaneous involvement" as evidence of individuals' sincerity. Goffman never articulates this principle in terms of how persons are actually—indeed, as he sometimes recognizes, necessarily involved spontaneously in the social environment. This paper asks: What does it mean for our reading of Goffman and of social situations generally if we move the proposition of the experiential necessity of spontaneous involvement to the center of sociological analysis? I discuss why it never moved to the center of Goffman's inquiries, and then argue that a theory of habit facilitates an elaborate of its sociological significance.


The theory and application of morphological associative memories and morphological neural networks in general are emerging areas of research in computer science. The concept of a morphological associative memory differs from a more conventional associative memory by the nonlinear functionality of the synaptic connection. By taking the maximum of sums instead of the sum of products, morphological network computation is inherently nonlinear. Hence, the morphological associative memory does not require any ad hoc methodology to interject a nonlinear state. In this paper, we introduce a very large scale integration analog circuit design that describes the nonlinear functionality of the synaptic connection. We specifically describe the fundamental circuit needed to implement a basic additive maximum associative memory, and describe noise conditions under which this memory will perform flawlessly. As a potential application, we propose the use of the analog circuit to real-time operation on or near a focal plane array sensor.


A novel V–Nb–Mo steel was thermomechanically processed to promote ferrite grain refinement and precipitation during the austenite to ferrite transformation. Transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional atom probe tomography confirmed the formation of two main types of precipitates: nano-scale interphase precipitates and fibrous precipitates (FP). Both the precipitates had a Baker–Nutting orientation relationship with the ferrite matrix, but with different variants. Interphase precipitates exhibited a disc shape with an average distance between precipitate rows of 15 ± 2 nm and an average Guinier radius of 3.9 ± 1.7 nm, whereas FP had a rod-shape 2.5 ± 0.5 nm in radius and 8–25 nm in length. It appeared that the FP are formed along the plane perpendicular to the interphase precipitates plane.


The report describes a program aimed at preparing the gas industry to provide input to the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act rulemaking process for furnaces, including mobile home furnaces, and boilers. The Phase I work described herein is aimed at organizing the gas industry by establishing a Technical Advisory Group, visiting manufacturers to determine their needs, establishing liaison with DOE, LBL, GAMA, A.G.A., etc., and setting up provisions to experimentally evaluate design options identified by DOE as means to increase the minimum efficiency levels now in effect by NAECA. Also, a means is in place to transfer the technology to DOE and LBL to influence the Advance Notice Prior to Rulemaking (ANPRM) for furnaces and boilers, and the Notice Prior to Rulemaking (NPRM) for DHE, etc.


A five-page paper issued by the Center for Latin American and Iberian Studies (now the Center for Latin American Studies) of Vanderbilt University.


The stratification of risk in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) is vital for the decision making of these patients. The most frequently used variables are clinical, biochemical, electrocardiographic and imaging. The current clinical classification of the severity of an acute episode of PE is based on the estimated risk of early death. The possible high-risk PE is a situation of immediate life risk, therefore, supportive treatment is essential. The management of the unstable patient with suspected PE should focus on the rapid establishment of the treatment instead of on the absolute diagnostic certainty.


This paper examines how affirmative action in Brazilian public universities has evolved from the start of the new millennium up to recent years. After an overview of the existing policies in public universities, we explain these patterns based on an analysis of the processes internal and external to the universities. Although these policies were initially thought of as racial quotas, class-based criteria have predominated, while the racial criteria became relatively circumscribed. Within the institutions, affirmative action brought new concerns about how to support and retain low-income students, as well as a discussion about racism, although the latter remains controversial.


Staff at the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) in Toronto are not content merely to mount exhibitions (on sports inter alia). They have also distinguished themselves for some years now on the diamond and ice rink in their own ROMantics baseball team and Sabre Tooth Tiger hockey squad, with which the authors of this article are intimately involved.


Chemical cleaning of cooling system surfaces is proposed for Dresden-1 in order to remove radioactive deposits which contribute to increased radiation doses to station personnel. (DG)


The article gives informatiоn about comparative research of data, received during breath test among smoking and non-smoking groups of student differentiated by alexithymic level indications.