Avulsions change river courses and transport water and sediment to new channels impacting infrastructure, floodplain evolution, and ecosystems. Abrupt avulsion events (occurring over days to weeks) are potentially catastrophic to society and thus receive more attention than slow avulsions, which develop over decades to centuries and can be challenging to identify. Here, we examine gradual channel changes of the Peace‐Athabasca River Delta (PAD), Canada using in situ measurements and 37 years of Landsat satellite imagery. A developing avulsion of the Athabasca River is apparent along the Embarras River–Mamawi Creek (EM) distributary. Its opening and gradual enlargement since 1982 are evident from multiple lines of observation: Between 1984 and 2021 the discharge ratio between the EM and the Athabasca River more than doubled, increasing from 9% to 21%. The EM has widened by +53% since 1984, whereas the Athabasca River channel width has remained stable. The downstream Mamawi Creek delta is growing at a discharge‐normalized rate roughly twice that of the Athabasca River delta in surface area. Longitudinal global navigation satellite systems field surveys of water surface elevation reveal the EM possesses a ∼2X slope advantage (8 × 10−5 vs. 4 × 10−5) over the Athabasca River, and unit stream power and bed shear stress suggest enhanced sediment transport and erosional capacity through the evolving flow path. Our findings: (a) indicate that a slow avulsion of the Athabasca River is underway with potentially long‐term implications for inundation patterns, ecosystems, and human use of the PAD; and (b) demonstrate an observational approach for identifying other slow avulsions at river bifurcations globally.


The global grain crisis of 2008 gave a warning to the government of every country.As far as our country is concerned,to construct new socialist countryside,the positive effect of market mechanism must be exerted.Starting from an analysis of the function of futures market,the author analyzes the great significance and function of futures market in the construction of new socialist countryside of our country,points out the factors restricting futures market's support of the construction of new socialist countryside,and puts forward the suggestions and measures for futures market supporting the construction of new socialist countryside.


The effects of prostaglandins (PG) F 1α , E 1 , E 2 and A 1 on several aspects of cartilage metabolism have been investigated. All of the prostaglandins, when incubated in vitro with embryonic chicken cartilage, increase tissue adenosine 39,59-monophosphate (cyclic AMP). In marked contrast to the generality with which these prostaglandins effect cyclic AMP, PGA 1 is unique in its ability to inhibit 35 SO 4 incorporation into chondromucoproteins and [ 3 H]leucine incorporation into protein. The PGA 1 inhibition of 35 SO 4 incorporation follows a linear log dose-response curve (1-25 µg/ml) and is apparently irreversible. PGA 1 in a dose response similar to its inhibition of 35 SO 4 incorporation also inhibits the incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid and [ 3 H]uridine incorporation into ribonucleic acid. PGA 1 does not alter cartilage oxygen consumption. The mechanism by which PGA 1 inhibits so many parameters of cartilage metabolism without causing cell death (unchanged oxygen consumption and increasing tissue cyclic AMP) is presently unknown. The effects of PGA 1 are not limited to embryonic chicken cartilage, as PGA, is shown to inhibit 35 SO 4 incorporation into costal cartilage from hypophysectomized rats. The physiologic significance and pharmacologic potential of the widespread effects of PGA 1 on cartilage metabolism remain to be elucidated.


Proton acceleration inside solid LiF and CH–LiF targets irradiated by a 450-fs, 20‐J, 1053‐nm laser at an intensity of 3×1018W∕cm2 has been studied via neutron spectroscopy. Neutron spectra produced through the Li7(p,n)Be7 reaction that occurs between accelerated protons, at the front surface, and background Li7 ions inside the target. From measured and calculated spectra, by three–dimensional Monte Carlo code, the maximum energy, total number, and slope temperature of the accelerated protons are investigated. The study indicates that protons originate at the front surface and are accelerated to a maximum energy that is reasonably consistent with the calculated one due to the ponderomotive force.


An effective compression artifacts removal algorithm is proposed based on the theory of projections onto convex sets (POCS). It includes a block classification procedure, a ringing detection procedure, prediction of the spatial distribution of the quantization errors and estimation of the visibility of the compression artifacts. Information gained from both the spatial and transform domains, is incorporated into adaptive projections. Experiments performed on JPEG-compressed images, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in suppressing both blocking and ringing artifacts, as well as the ability of the algorithm to preserve the image sharpness.


A retrospective study shows 30 patients need to be treated with adjuvant therapy to prevent 1 death at 3 years.


As electronic operating frequencies increase toward the terahertz regime, new electrooptic modulators capable of low‐voltage high‐frequency operation must be developed to provide the necessary optical interconnects. This Letter presents a new concept that exploits modulation instability to compensate for the intrinsically weak electrooptic effect, χ(2). Simulations demonstrate more than 50 times enhancement of electrooptic effect at millimeter wave frequencies leading to a substantial reduction in the required modulation voltage.


The fine structure of the epithelium of different parts of the rat vas deferens was studied in normal rats and at intervals of up to nine months after vasectomy. The cytology of the columnar epithelial cells showed regional variations particularly in the type and extent of endoplasmic reticulum. Cells of the proximal part of the vas deferens were characterized by basal and perinuclear granular endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi apparatus, and numerous apical microvilli, vesicles, and vacuoles. In contrast, the columnar cells of the distal portion of the vas deferens contained large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, much of which assumed the form of large whorls of smooth membranes. In the distal segment the number of microvilli, vesicles, and vacuoles was less but mitochondria were more numerous than in the proximal part. Cells in the middle portion of the vas deferens showed some features of both proximal and distal parts. These structural characteristics, along with previous experiments, suggest that in the proximal portion of the vas deferens absorption of material from the lumen is an important function, while the cells of the distal part may synthesize steroids. Thus, these regional differences in ultrastructure probably reflect regional differences in function along the length of the vas deferens. After vasectomy the regional specializations were retained and did not appear to be altered. The possibility that this structural and functional sequence is significant for normal fertility and its relation to attempts to reconnect the vas deferens after vasectomy are considered.


Alfredo Rodriiguez Loopez-Vaazquez has, in recent years, devoted himself to the revaluation of the works of the seventeenth-century actor-dramatist Andrees de Claramonte. In 1991 Tamesis published his edition of El secreto en la mujer. In the present volume the Spanish critic provides a text of Et ataud para el vivo y taalamo para el muerto (The Coffin for the Living and the Bridal Bed for the Dead), a play which exists in two manuscripts and a printed text which dates from the eighteenth century. In this critical edition Professor Rodriiguez Loopez-Vazquez studies the complicated transmission of the text and the sources of the dramatist as a whole. Variant readings are provided in footnotes, and explanatory notes are printed at the end of the text. ALFREDO RODRGUES LPEZ-VAZQUEZ is Professor of Spanish Literature at the Universidade da Corunna.


This paper investigates the themal characteristics of a slotless high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (HSPMM) for air compressor of fuel cell system. The losses of each key components were studied thoroughly. Based on the computational fluid mechanics (CFD), a 3-dimensional fluid-structure coupled temperature field model was established, and the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient of the gramme-ring windings constructed by litz wires was analyzed. Based on the above analysis models, the characteristics of the temperature field was analyzed. The hot spot occurs in the position of inner windings close to the airgap. To enhance the cooling of the windings, a novel cooling structure with good thermal-conductivity non-magnetic filler mounted between the slotless windings was proposed. Consequently, the highest temperatures of the different parts of the motor are all reduced.


This paper seeks to determine the value of theoretical ideal-types of medical control. Whilst ideal types (such as the iron cage and gaze) need revision in their application to medical settings, they remain useful in describing and explaining patterns of control and autonomy in the medical profession. The apparent transition from the cage to the gaze has often been over-stated since both types are found in many contemporary health reforms. Indeed, forms of neo-bureaucracy have emerged alongside surveillance of the gaze. These types are contextualised and elaborated in terms of two empirical examples: the management of medical performance and financial incentives for senior hospital doctors in England. Findings point towards the reformulation of medical control, an on-going re-stratification of the medical profession, and the internalisation of managerial discourses. The cumulative effect involves the medical profession's ability to re-cast and enhance its position ( vis-a-vis managerial interests). Keywords : medical profession, medical control, iron cage, gaze


Although the second-generation DNA sequencing technology has high throughput and high accuracy, it can't cross the repeat region when the data volume is large due to its read length, which makes the analysis difficult. The third generation DNA sequencing technology can produce longer sequences, although it can make up for some of the weakness of the second generation sequencing, with the increase of sequence length, the error rate also increases. In this case, researchers usually combine the two methods, using short reads to correct long reads, so as to improve the accuracy of the sequence without losing the length of the sequence as much as possible. This paper proposes an error correction algorithm based on piecewise profile Hidden Markov Model (pHMM), which does not deal with the matching part, and uses HMM to correct the unmatched part or the part with more noise. The experiment results on E.coli and Yeast data sets show that the running time is reduced about 3 times compared with the Hercules algorithm.


This tutorial describes the Booth method for object-oriented design, including details of the notation and the design process. It describes the principles that are necessary for thinking and abstra...


The temporal evolutions of electromagnetic fields generated by the interaction between ultraintense lasers (1.3×10(18) and 8.2×10(18)W/cm(2)) and solid targets at a distance of several millimeters from the laser-irradiated region have been investigated by electron deflectometry. For three types of foil targets (insulating foil, conductive foil, and insulating foil onto which a metal disk was deposited), transient changes in the fields were observed. We found that the direction, strength, and temporal evolution of the generated fields differ markedly for these three types of targets. The results provide an insight for studying the emission dynamics of laser-accelerated fast electrons.


Planning and policy efforts at all levels of transportation planning aim to increase levels of walking and bicycling. In many cases, initiatives are motivated by a desire to reduce automobile use and its attendant environmental consequences (e.g. pollution, natural resource consumption). Alternatively, efforts are prompted by concerns about livability, public health or physical inactivity. In response, urban planners, transportation specialists, elected officials and health advocates are all looking to non-motorized travel to address myriad concerns, whether they relate to congestion, the environment, health or quality of life. An important element in any effort to spur more walking or cycling requires adequate facilities to encourage their use. For walking, this includes pavements, public spaces and/or road crossings. For bicycling, this includes relatively wide kerb lanes, on-street or off-street bicycle paths, and even secure parking or showers at the workplace. Opponents of bicycle projects bombard decision-makers with cost information because data on costs are relatively easy to obtain. Benefits, however, are considerably more difficult to estimate, and though the bicycle planning community makes many advocacy-based claims, methodologies for valuing cycling facilities' benefits are in short supply. In response, planners and other transportation specialists often find themselves justifying such spending with the claim that these facilities benefit the common good and that they induce increased use. Especially in austere economic times, they are often grasping for ways to 'economize' such facilities. Procedures to value the benefits of road or transit-related investments for planning purposes are relatively well established, but this is not the case for


By using the case of the Baptist missionaries called the 'Serampore Trio'—Rev. William Carey, Rev. William Ward and Rev. Joshua Marshman—this article urges that science and Christianity were intimately related in early nineteenth-century north India. The Serampore Baptists practised a brand of Christian and constructive orientalism, devoting themselves to the recovery of Sanskrit science and the introduction of European science into India. Carey established an impressive private botanical garden and was instrumental in the formation of the Agricultural Society of India. Ward, in his important account of Hinduism, argued that true Hindu science had given way to empiricism, and that Hindus had confused nature with the divine. The Serampore College formed by the trio sought to educate Indians with respect to both Sanskrit and European science, and utilised a range of scientific instruments and texts on science published in India. The College aimed to change the way its pupils saw the material world by urging experimentation rather than reverence of nature. The style of science practised at Serampore operated outside the traditional framework of colonial science: it did not have London as its centre, and it sought to bring indigenous traditions into a dialogue with European science, so that the former would eventually give way to the latter.


Wellbore integrity is an important consideration for the viability of subsurface CO2 sequestration. Wellbores may leak due to micro annuli that develop between annular cement and steel casing and/or the host formation, as well as fractures and flaws in the cement itself. Leakage pathways may be problematic for the long-term containment of CO2. To address the need for a repair material that can effectively seal and repair wellbores, a new nanotechnology-based sealant has been developed at the University of New Mexico, USA. The sealant, referred to TS-Nano 20™, has superior flowability, excellent bond strength to steel and rock, is very ductile, and is thermally stable. Moreover, the sealant has been demonstrated to readily flow into microcracks below 20 µm under modest pressure gradients. The sealant showed excellent bond strength and superior fatigue resistance to debonding under stress cycles than microfine cement and other sealants.

TS-Nano 20™ was used in a field test at the Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory (MT-URL) located in NW Switzerland. This experimental work at MT-URL was performed under the auspices of the CO2 Capture Project (CCP), a three-company collaboration comprising Chevron, BP, and Petrobras. The CCP effort is directed to develop more cost-effective and efficient processes for CO2 concentration, capture and sequestration applied to the energy, refining, chemical, and power generation industries in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A wellbore with a cemented annulus was located beneath the floor of the underground laboratory. The wellbore was intentionally damaged by thermal cycling inside the casing to produce leakage pathways in the wellbore system. The wellbore system included injection ports at several locations along its length to allow pressure and flow tests to be conducted to document the leakage along the length of the wellbore system. Subsequently, various sealants were injected into the injection ports to seal the leakage pathways within the wellbore system. The sealant was then successfully injected into two of the intervals on site. After injection of sealants, the entire wellbore system needed to be stabilized for eventual overcoring and forensic analyses. To this end, a large open hole test interval (uncemented) at the bottom of the wellbore was first filled with a very flowable cement slurry to chase out water and reduce the dead volume, and then the sealant was injected on top of the cement and squeezed into leakage pathways that remained near the bottom of the wellbore system and cracks in the clay formation. Additionally, the sealant was used to further stabilize portions of the wellbore by injecting into all the previously used injection ports. We report on the ability of the nano sealant to maintain its flowability and mechanical characteristics under relatively low temperature and meet all field injection requirements, including having a relatively long-time to gel while hardening after injection. Pressure and permeability measurements from the field tests are reported documenting the ability of the sealant to seal relatively very thin microcracks and create appropriate conditions for overcoring.


the limelight in every country and tourism is the largest industry in the world—"The two nourish and complement one another, [and] they each become more lucrative and cul turally influential" (p. vii). The intent of the book, according to Standeven and DeKnop, is twofold: to introduce this rela tively new field of inquiry and to stimulate thought among its readers. The book is divided into three parts and 10 chapters. Part 1, Rethinking Sport Tourism as an Experience of Physi cal Activity, Travel and Place, presents an overview of the relationship between sport and tourism, and forms the base for the rest of the discussion. In the first chapter, Standeven and DeKnop define terms such as sport, tourism, andsport tourism. Sport tourism is an action that "comprises all forms of active and passive involvement in sporting activity, partic ipated in casually or in an organized way for noncommercial or business/commercial reasons, that necessitate travel away from home and work locality" (p. 39). The chapter looks at the historical development of sport tourism and highlights the democratization of sport and tourism in the 20th century, which formed the basis of the proliferation of both. In chapter 2, Standeven and DeKnop look at the theoretical frameworks that are relevant to the investigation of the relationship between sport and tourism. They examine the nature of active sport ("cultural experience of physical activity"), the nature of tourism ("cultural experience of place"), and the nature of sport tourism ("cultural experience of physical activity tied to a cultural experience of place"). Chapters 3 and 4 explore how sport and tourism influence the development of each other and emphasize how "the sport-tourism relationship is interdependent and reciprocal" (p. 162). Increases in diversification and sport participation (both active and passive) have led to increased tourism, and tourism has served as a catalyst for sport development. Part 2, The Impact of Sport Tourism, takes a more in-depth look at the consequences of sport tourism. Chapter 5 looks at its economic impact, chapter 6 discusses the sociocultural environment, chapter 7 addresses its impact on the natural environment, and chapter 8 highlights its effect on our health. Many positive economic benefits can be identi fied with sport development, yet all of those have to be seen in the context of sociocultural, environmental, and health impacts. The chapter on sociocultural impacts succeeds very nicely in presenting an unbiased overview of both the posi tive and negative impacts of sport tourism. The chapter on environmental impacts emphasizes the importance of envi ronmental protection for the sake of ecology and for the sustainability of sport tourism. Chapter 8 discusses both the positive and negative health impacts of sport tourism. The two chapters in part 3, Present Status and Future Prospects, look at the organization of sport tourism today and offer a projection for the future of sport tourism. Chapter 9 discusses how administrative policy issues influence sport tourism and its development, and examines why govern ments intervene in sport tourism. Finally, chapter 10 revisits the four main themes permeating the book: (1) growth, diver sification, and democratization of sport tourism; (2) maximi zation and benefits and minimization of disbenefits; (3) cooperation between sport and tourism infrastructures; and (4) conflicts of interest (especially with regard to the effect of sport on the environment). With an eye on the future, Standeven and DeKnop identify two key issues in need of policy attention: (1) increasing accessibility while ensuring sustainable development and (2) managing the process of integration with other societal trends. Sport Tourismis an excellent textbook. Students and instructors of this area of inquiry will appreciate the easy writing style, the multitude of references, the structure, the overview of topics at the beginning and the summary at the end of each chapter, and the case studies throughout. From a student's perspective, the book could benefit from some additional illustrations, yet overall it is a detailed overview of the relationship between sport and tourism and a good intro duction to this relatively new field of study.


OF Listening, Phonation, Laterality, and Reading Effects of the Aurelle Therapy of Alfred Tomatis on Children with Reading Difficulties! Eighteen children with reading difficulties were trained using either the Aurelle apparatus and technique of Alfred Tomatis or a language laboratory procedure. For thirty sessions of 45 minutes a day, recorded music and words were presented via earphones to subjects in separate cubicles. From the twentieth session on, subjects read as well as heard and repeated the words. Children undergoing the Aurelle procedure received 100% input to the right ear and, decreasing within five sessions from 70% to 50% to 30%, from the seventh session onward they received 10% input to the left ear; in addition, for the first nine sessions input was filtered to include only frequencies above 960 cps, then above 1920 cps for the next five sessions, and above 3840 cps for the last sixteen sessions. Children in the language laboratory 1 Leah Schnitzer, doctoral thesis presented to the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, September 1974, xii-180 p.


Background Methotrexate (MTX) therapy for ectopic pregnancy (EP) is widely used as an alternative for surgical treatment. Its effects on ovarian reserve or pelvic anatomy are not well established. Aims The aim was to evaluate anatomical changes and ovarian reserve in cases of tubal EP treated by MTX therapy. Materials and methods A prospective cohort study was conducted at Tanta University. All patients with EP were enrolled. Eligible patients were treated by MTX. Ovarian reserve was assessed by anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level and antral follicle count (AFC) 3 months after treatment. Anatomical changes were assessed by laparoscopy 6 months after treatment. Statistical analysis used Mean, SD, χ2 test, and Student's t-test were used. Results The mean age was 28.24 ± 5.48 years, and the mean BMI was 21.85 ± 4.58. The basal β-human chorionic gonadotropin was 1788.48 ± 1171.92 mIU/ml. The mean gestational age was 42.6 ± 6.0 days. Serum level of AMH was 3.98 ± 1.11 and 3.54 ± 1.49 before and after MTX therapy, respectively, with no significant difference between AMH levels before and after therapy (P = 0.243). AFC after treatment was within normal range, with no significant difference in AFC before and after treatment, (P = 0.251). Peritubal and periovarian adhesions were the most common anatomical changes noticed during laparoscopy. Conclusion MTX therapy is a safe and effective alternative to surgery for undisturbed tubal EP. Two-dose MTX regimen did not compromise ovarian reserve or affect pelvic anatomy.


Azoren, that nach (not auf) is used: nach den Azoren fahren in Duden. Fehlerfreies Deutsch, Duden Taschenbbcher (Mannheim, Vienna, Zurich: Bibliographisches Institut, 1972), XIV, 145. It is apparent from current newspapers that the construction nach den USA seems to be gaining ground over in die USA, which contradicts the diagram. If this usage predominates, then nach den USA will have to be given the status of an idiom like nach Hause. 3 "Lexicalized" constructions are essentially those which do not conform to the major syntactic patterns of a language and hence must be listed separately in a dictionary or linguistic description, e.g., nach Hause, zu Hause. 4 1 found very little evidence among my informants and nothing of a systematic nature to support the contention that zu implies iteration, cf. Edwin A. Hopkins, "lst das gutes Deutsch?" Die Unterrichtspraxis, VI, No. 2 (1973), pp. 135-136. s Some speakers use only zum See, especially if the speaker and hearer both know which lake is being referred to, but again this is a fine point which need not be brought up while the basic problem is still at issue. 6 When the surface of the water is viewed as a boundary (between water and air), an, of course, is the correct preposition: Die Fische schwammen (bis) an die Oberflache des Sees und schnappten nach Insekten. 7 Cf. Werner Schmitz, Der Gebrauch der deutschen Prapositionen (Munich: Hueber, 1964), p. 58. 8 All of my informants rejected auf den Bahnhof (gehen) as something they would not say, although Wahrig cites it, Deutsches W6rterbuch (Gutersloh: Bertelsmann, 1970), 458. 9 Here there seems to be a sharp regional distinction: South German and Austrian usage prefers zu, where North German has auf. 10 North German prefers zu in this sense, South German in. 11 South German usage seems to restrict auf in this construction to the sense "up." 12 For some of my informants, zur Kirche gehen functioned as the partially lexicalized expression (cf. Schmitz, p. 45). 73


This work was designed to investigate the proliferative effect of Hp sonicating extract on rat gastric eptithelial cell line RGM1 and human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line BGC-823. The results showed that the effects of Hp extract on the cell lines were different: in RGM1 cells, HP extract decreased the OD value of MTT assay and the CPM of3H-TdR incorporation: In BGC-823 cells, Hp extract increased the OD value of MTT assay and the CPM of 3H-TdR incorporation, revealing that HP extract increased the proliferation of rat gastric epithelial cell line but stimulated the proliferation of human gastric adnocarcinoma cell line. The results suggested that the difference of states or species of the cells might contribute to their different response to Hp action.


The accurate modeling of composite double negative metamaterials tailored for enhanced waveguide and antenna structures, is presented in this paper via a novel 3-D ADI-FDTD method. Developing a set of multi-directional operators for the discretization of such complex media, the unconditionally stable technique leads to broadband solutions and minimizes dispersion errors as time-step exceeds the Courant criterion. Hence, efficient microwave devices, loaded by periodic substrates of thin wires and split-ring resonators, can be optimally designed without the need of lengthy simulations


Most toxic reactions occur after injections in regions, rich in vessels, where the absorption into the blood is faster than in subcutaneous infiltrations. These regions are mainly the throat, airways, perineal region and the urethra, but, even after other infiltrations and conduction anaesthesia, toxic reactions may occur. Table 1 shows 19 recorded cases of complications due to local anaesthesia, which have occurred during the last fifteen years in Sweden. They are cases which are reported to the State Medical Board from different hospitals, and I have as a scientific adviser had an opportunity to study all these cases. These are only deaths or very severe complications after local anesthesia. Certainly many mild episodes of toxic reactions have occurred, which have been successfully treated, and those cases will not come into this picture. The cases have been differentiated into three groups according to the special type


Micro energy harvesters (MEH) based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are rapidly developing, providing a green and virtually infinite energy source. The electrostatic vibratory power generator outputs electric power when it vibrates, motivating us to apply it to vibrating civil infrastructures excited by ambient and daily traffic loadings. In this study, an innovative monitoring system utilizing MEH devices was proposed for detecting slab damage and pier scours for bridge structures. Its performance was numerically investigated with finite element models, where the damage in slabs was modeled with a reduced Young's modulus and scours with fixed boundaries of inclined depth. It was shown that the powers generated at each MEH varied as the target structure's modal frequency shifted and amplitude changed by damage or scour. A power generation index was proposed to identify slab damage and a reference-free method was introduced to detect uneven pier scours. Utilizing an electrostatic vibration-based MEH (MEMS vibrational power generator), this pioneering study showed that MEMS vibrational power generators can work as sensors for an infrastructure structural health monitoring system.


A system and method for ensuring that related data packets are transmitted simultaneously in a digital broadcast system are disclosed. Related data packets are provided a common indication, buffered together, and kept together through timesliced burst formation and digital transmission. The related data packets may include IPv6 packets with common flow label values.


Investigators continue to search for effective treatments for acquired apraxia of speech (AOS). One difficulty for investigators interested in developing treatment approaches is that the mechanisms underlying AOS are still not completely understood (e.g., Ziegler, 2002). Locke (1972) performed a study to examine the ease of articulation of English speech phonemes by having adults rate phonemes according to how easy or difficult they were to produce. He found that rated ease of articulation had a strong correlation with the order of phoneme acquisition in children. Phonemes that adults perceived to be easier to produce were acquired earlier by children, and those they perceived to be more difficult to produce were acquired later by children. Moreover, he found that children tended to substitute phonemes that adults rated as easier for those they rated as more difficult. AOS is considered to be a motor speech disorder, so perhaps ease of articulation may play a role in the nature of the problems individuals with AOS demonstrate. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the phonemes that are selected for treatment or are reported to be in error in persons with AOS and the phonemes that are rated as more difficult to produce by normal speakers.


In this paper, we considered secure communications using the interference alignment technique in the MIMO interference channels. It is presented as a result of quantitative evaluation of the secrecy rate that secure communication is possible where the number of antennas at the authorize transmitter and receiver is greater than or similar to that of the eavesdropper.


Low-rank updated matrices are of crucial importance in many applications. Recently the relationship between the characteristic polynomial and the spectrum of a given matrix A and those of its specially structured rank-k updated matrix has become a hot topic. Many researchers consider the eigenproblem of a matrix of the form under the assumption that the columns of U k or V k are right or left eigenvectors corresponding to some non-defective eigenvalues of A. However, in many low-rank updated eigenproblems, this assumption does not hold. In this article, we investigate the low-rank updated eigenproblem without such a constraint; that is, our low-rank updates U k , V k  ∈ ℂ n×k can be any complex matrices such that is a rank-k matrix. We first consider the relationship between the characteristic polynomial of a diagonalizable matrix and that of its rank-k update. We then focus on two special cases of k = 1 and k = 2. Moreover, the spectral relationship between a diagonalizable matrix and its rank-1 and rank-2 updates is considered. Some applications of our results to the low-rank updated singular value problem are also discussed.


A salesman is a special occupation. It is an important part in professional education to train and develop his capability. We must attache importance to the research of training methods, for an excellent salesman can only be trained out with scientific and practical methods.


A control system has to have much information to be processed in order to get a proper output in various situations. For getting a proper output, we now have many kinds of AI methods and techniques. However, those methods and techniques are not so flexible enough to get a proper output to an input when an output is not a desired one. That is to say, when the present methods have once produced an output, it is the final one and it cannot get another one whatever an output expectation is. Within this control mechanism, the behavior of a motion control like a muscle is stable because of the complexity of the system. So in this paper, a basic idea for the description method of a complex system in communication, a general system mechanism, and a total system expression are introduced. And by using the said method, a new approach for controlling a muscle movement in turbulence is discussed and introduced. A simple example is given by using the said method.


The craft hard apple cider industry is emerging in many areas of the United States, including Tennessee. Few studies exist regarding consumer preferences for visiting hard apple cider facilities (cideries). This study used a representative statewide survey of Tennessee alcoholic beverage consumers to examine their prior cidery visits, factors influencing cidery purchases, and expected expenditures and preferred travel distance to cideries. Most respondents had not visited a local cidery, but among those who had, most made hard apple cider purchases. Respondents stated they would travel about 61 miles to visit a cidery and spend about $38 annually while visiting cideries.


Notion of space has been always an important issue in art. Scenes that artists represent in the images they create are often metaphorical spaces, each of them inviting viewers to another time/space even after many years of production. Recent developments in virtual reality technologies and the Internet technologies have made possible for artists to literally deal with another space. Both real space and virtual space can be used for interaction, collaboration, and realization of images and sounds. What we have now is a more sophisticated notion of space in art making. How to define/design the relationship between real space and virtual space plays a key role in creating artistic experiences. To produce a convincing experience, such relationship should be carefully conceived in context to the nature of the particular artwork. The metaphorical nature of space in art makes the work of an artist different from that of researchers in simulation or visualization. Artists has been experimenting the possibility of virtual reality by combining the notion of real and virtual space with the original ideas on interface and interaction. In this panel the following issues will be examined in relation to projects carried by the panelists.


A model-independent determination of the primordial power spectrum of matter density fluctuations could uniquely probe physics of the very early universe and provide powerful constraints on inflationary models. We parameterize the primordial power spectrum A(k) as an arbitrary function and deduce its binned amplitude from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation anisotropy measurements of MAXIMA, BOOMERANG, and DASI. We find that for a flat universe with A(k) = 1 (scale-invariant) for scales k < 0.001 h Mpc-1, the primordial power spectrum is marginally consistent with a scale-invariant Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum. However, we deduce a rise in power compared to a scale-invariant power spectrum for 0.001 h Mpc-1 ≲ k ≲ 0.01 h Mpc-1. Our results are consistent with large-scale structure data and seem to suggest that the current observational data allow for the possibility of unusual physics in the very early universe.


Abstract Two experiments examined the effectiveness of a responsively planned death education unit for ninth-grade girls. Outcomes were assessed using cognitive, affective, and behavioral instruments that were administered before, after, and 6 weeks following the unit. In Experiment I, the experimental and control groups attended the same high school and had the same teacher. Results of Experiment I showed improvement on the cognitive scores for both groups, a finding that appeared to result from the control group's informal exposure to the experiences of the experimental group. Experiment II was a replication of the first experiment with the control group located at a different county high school than the experimental group. Results of Experiment II again showed positive gains on cognitive and attitude scores for the experimental group, whereas the control group showed no improvement. For both experiments subjects in the experimental group attempted more behaviors relating to the death education unit tha...


Phenomenological and electrochemical fundamentals of corrosion fundamentals of high temperature corrosion passivity of metals and alloys microbial corrosion environment sensitive fracture corrosive wear and erosion advanced investigation techniques cathodic and anodic protection environmentally friendly inhibitors the effect of coatings and surface modification.


The paper presents experimental researches on the stitching strength of some composite textile materials used at manufacturing protection footwear. The breaking strength and elongation at break has been observed at the SATRA tensile testing machine with 466 F attachment and digital software control. The maximum force at break of the stitch (N), the tensile strength at break (N/mm2), the breaking strength (N/mm), the elongation at break (%), Young's Modulus (N/mm2) are registered and the ready-to-load software provides a visualisation of the graphics as tests are undertaken. The stitching strength of composite textile materials is dependent on type and thickness of the assembled materials, the manner of sewing, the stitch density, the needle's diameter, number of stitching rows, needle and thread fineness.


The authors of these three books about health issues in Africa take the point of view that Western medical models and explanations of disease are inadequate for treating illness in an African setting. Underlying this view is a critique of Western medicine and of the racial implications of certain types of medical research. In response, suggestions for adapting traditional African medical techniques are proposed. While these views and objectives are understandable in light of the African colonial experience (two of the authors being from South Africa), the sometimes vague substantiation of their arguments undermines their efforts. Nonetheless, all three books are important reminders that social as well as political relations are embodied in the interpretation of symptoms and in the recommendation of therapies. In Traditional Healers, Dr. Gumede argues for the integration of traditional medical practice along with Western medical techniques. After two brief (and rather general) introductory chapters on the historical background of traditional medicine, the author discusses Zulu beliefs about disease and affliction (Chapters 3-8) which are fascinating in their detail. His own personal anecdotes, as a District Surgeon in Mapumulo, South Africa, give a sense of the continued importance of traditional medical practice and of the persistence of certain ideas about the causes of illness. In Chapters 9 to 14, he discusses the work of diviners, traditional healers and birth practitioners, while in the remaining eight chapters he considers both the differences between traditional and Western health systems and their complementarity. In Chapters 17 and 18 he examines the impact of Christianity on beliefs about health and its implications for changes in health-related behaviour.


ABSTRACT Borrelia burgdorferi-induced arthritis in mice is characterized by tendonitis, synovitis, and inflammatory-cell infiltrate, predominantly of neutrophils. Because genetic deficiency in E and P selectins results in delayed recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation, mice with this deficiency were tested for their response to infection with B. burgdorferi. E and P selectins were not required for the control of B. burgdorferi numbers, nor did deficiency in E and P selectins result in alteration of arthritis severity.


Based on archival data and literary sources, the article presents the history of the Kazan psychophysiological laboratory of V.M. Bekhterev during the years of his work in Kazan (18851893). The circumstances of the creation of the psychophysiological laboratory, its locations (during the years of Bekhterevs work, it changed two rooms) and equipment are described. The main scientific directions of V.M. Bekhterev and his students during the Kazan period of activity, the history of their appointment to the positions of residents and assistants of the Department of Psychiatry are analysed. The reasons and history of creation of a psychophysiological laboratory at the clinical base of the University in the Kazan District Hospital are described.


SECTOR is currently under development and is part of the Seventh Framework Program of the European Union for Research and Technological Development (FP7), which aims to improve the interconnection, coordination and collaboration between emergency and crisis management systems.


A fully automated, anatomically-based procedure is developed for the coregistration of prone and supine scans in computed tomographic colonography (CTC). Haustral folds, teniae coli and other anatomic landmarks are extracted from the segmented colonic lumen and serve as the basis for iterative optimization-based matching of the colonic surfaces. The three-dimensional coregistration is computed efficiently using a two-dimensional filet representation of the colon. The circumferential positions of longitudinal structures such as teniae coli are used to estimate a rotational prone-to-supine deformation, haustral folds give a longitudinal (stretching) deformation, while other landmarks and anatomical considerations are used to constrain the allowable deformations. The proposed method is robust to changes in the detected anatomical landmarks such as the obscuration or apparent bifurcation of teniae coli. Preliminary validation in the Walter Reed CTC data set shows excellent coregistration accuracy-57 manually identified features (such as polyps and diverticula) are automatically coregistered with a mean three-dimensional error of 16.4 mm. In phantom studies, 210 fiducial pairs are coregistered to a mean three-dimensional error of 8.6 mm. The coregistration allows points of interest in one scan to be automatically located in the other, leading to an expected improvement in per-patient read time and a significant reduction in the cost of CTC.


This article probes into the basic content of humanistic education and the experiment in culti-vating humanistic education in English classroom.It stresses that when we try to do a good job in language teach-ing,we should also try to combine English teaching with humanistic education to improve students humanity spirit.In this way English teaching can be brought to a new height.


The chemical composition of the volatile metabolites from needles of Pinus attenuata Lemmon, P. heldreichii Christ, P. peuce Griseb., P. pinaster Ait. and P. radiata D. Don, growing in natural habitats of Greece, was analysed. By means of GC–MS and comparison with authentic reference standards and Kovats indices, 43 compounds were identified. The chemical variability of the terpenoid constituents is discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background: Dermoscopy is a non invasive technique useful for the diagnosis of different kinds of skin lesions, specially pigmented lesions. Its use increases sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Objective: To confirm the increase in diagnostic accuracy of pigmented lesions, assessed dermoscopically by a group of dermatologists who attended to a short basic dermoscopy course. Participants and methods: Before and immediately after the basic dermoscopy course, an exam was applied to the attendants, a total of 37 dermatologists participated in the study. Results: Average score in test after the course was almost 20 points higher than the test previous to the course (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The results of this study show an improvement in diagnostic accuracy when dermatologists attend to a short basic dermoscopy course, increasing scores almost 20 points when assessing dermoscopic images of pigmented lesions. This knowledge, if applied to daily clinical practice, will allow an opportune diagnosis of pigmented lesions.


The S-band 50MW microwave amplifier is developed for National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). This paper describes the design process of the amplifier and analyses the engineering realization of the pulse modulator. In the end, the running result of the amplifier is present.


Life cycle cost analysis is increasingly being recognized by public agencies as an effective tool to assist in the selection of construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation treatments. The Federal Highway Administration has developed a life cycle cost analysis methodology that will likely become the standard in the industry in the USA. The methodology can be used to evaluate the life cycle costs strategies including preventative maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. For preventative maintenance treatments to be more widely accepted, they must not only extend the life of the existing pavement, but also be shown to be cost effective, i.e., lower life cycle cost than the alternates. This paper presents: 1) an identification of preventative maintenance treatments and their benefits; 2) a description of the life cycle cost analysis process utilized in this study; and 3) comparative results that evaluate the life cycle cost for pavements that receive preventative maintenance treatments applied early on in the life of the pavement compared with those that receive only major rehabilitation/reconstruction strategies. The findings indicate that preventative maintenance at early stages in a pavements life is cost effective in all of the scenarios studied. However, the reader should be aware that the estimated lives and costs used in this study are based on presently available information and engineering judgment. Deviations from these values could affect the final conclusions.


ABSTRACT In this paper, the problems of stability and stabilization for linear systems with time-varying delays and norm-bounded parameter uncertainties are considered. By constructing augmented Lyapunov functionals and utilizing auxiliary function-based integral inequalities, improved delay-dependent stability and stabilization criteria for guaranteeing the asymptotic stability of the system are proposed with the framework of linear matrix inequalities. Four numerical examples are included to show that the proposed results can reduce the conservatism of stability and stabilization criteria by comparing maximum delay bounds.


In Feature, MOT International will exhibit photo-documentation and video works from Dennis Oppenheim's seminal piece Whirlpool. (Eye of the Storm), in which Oppenheim used the smoke discharged by flying aircraft to trace the shape of a tornado in the sky.
Recalling both Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty (1970) and Oppenheim's own Annual Rings, (1968) the spiral image is iconic of this period of experimentation outside the gallery. Yet while many of the Land Art works produced in this period could only be seen in their totality via aerial images, in Whirlpool. (Eye of the Storm) Oppenheim moved beyond marking the landscape, projecting the work itself up into the air and opening up the limitless surface of the sky for intervention.


This paper reviews methodological approaches for determining the carbon footprint of captured CO2 as carbon feedstock, and shows why some approaches lead to suboptimal choices of CO2 sources and that increased consistency in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies on CCU is needed.


Professors and graduate students will find this book useful, not for introductory courses, but in advanced courses in history, issues, and social change. They could test Mitchell's approach to the study of adult education in a social movement by analyzing other movements and providing more adequate accounts than we now have about the role of education. Practitioners concerned with empowerment will find here a case study that sets in historical perspective the complexities of social change efforts. They, too, might use Mitchell's approach to study and document their own efforts and thus heIp deveIop a "grounded theory" of education for empowerment.


Oral drug delivery has been known for decades as the most widely used route of administration among all the routes. Oral delivery of drugs is the most preferable route of drug delivery due to ease of administration, patient compliance and flexibility in formulation. Pharmaceutical product designed for oral delivery which are currently available in the market mostly immediate-release or conventional release, which maintains the drug concentration within the therapeutically effective range only, when administered several times a day. This results in a significant fluctuation of drug level in plasma. The in-vitro dissolution study closely indicates that among nine formulations the formulation F1 showed high percentage of drug release and it is considered as the best formulation. The regression correlation co-efficient value was concluded in kinetics modeling of drug dissolution profile for all formulations. The formulation F1 was found to be best fit model following peppas drug release. From the stability data, it can be concluded that there was no significant changes in any parameters. Hence, the formulation F1 is considered to be highly stable formulation. The overall studies indicate that polymers HPMC K15 and HPMC K100 and SLS (2%) showed satisfactory gastro retentive properties. Among the nine formulations the formulation F1exhibited optimum drug release profile. Hence, it is concluded that the formulation F1 will be useful for preparing gastroretentive drug delivery system of Ofloxacin.


Numerical simulations of time-resolved light transport in inhomogeneous tissues reveal quantitative, 3D-distributions of excitation and fluorescent light. Visualizations generated can assist the optimization of endoscopy-compatible fiber-optic probes and optical imaging systems.


OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical value of combine detection of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-a in early intrauterine infection for premature rupture of membranes(PROM).METHODS IL-6,IL-8,TNF-a were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) for 52 patients with PROM in our hospital from Jun 2008 to Jun 2010 when they ended their pregnancy.Pathological examination of postpartum fetal membranes was checked.50 cases of normal term pregnant women during the same period were selected as the controls.The relationship between degrees of chorioamnionitis in patients and levels of cytokines were compared.RESULTS A total of 45 patients in PROM group were diagnosed as chorioamnionitis by pathological examination of postpartum fetal membranes.The levels of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-a were(521.1±237.2) pg/ml,(740.6±258.5)pg/ml,(676.2±295.1) pg/ml in chorioamnionitis patients and(293.3±153.7) pg/ml,(560.3±185.2) pg/ml and(442.4±289.6) pg/ml in control group,with significant difference between the two groups.The severity was positively correlated with the levels of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-a.CONCLUSION Serum IL-6,IL-8,TNF-a levels of premature rupture of membranes maternal are closely related to the severity of chorioamnionitis,and can be an important indicator used to predict chorioamnionitis.


Reference trajectory design for atmospheric reentry vehicles can be accomplished through trajectory optimization using optimal control techniques. However, this method generally focuses on nominal vehicle performance and does not include robustness considerations during trajectory design. This thesis explores the use of linear covariance analysis to directly include trajectory robustness in the design process. The covariance matrix can be propagated along a trajectory to provide the expected errors about the nominal trajectory in the presence of uncertainties. During the optimization process, the covariance matrix is used as a performance metric to be minimized, directly penalizing expected errors so that the trajectory is shaped to reduce its sensitivity to uncertainties. This technique can penalize the open-loop covariance of the trajectory or the closed-loop covariance with the inclusion of a feedback guidance law. This covariance shaping technique is applied to reference trajectory design for a generic small reentry vehicle. A baseline trajectory is generated without any robustness considerations, along with an open-loop covariance shaped trajectory and a closed-loop covariance shaped trajectory, which uses a feedback guidance law based on a linear quadratic regulator scheme. Uncertainties in initial conditions, atmospheric density, aerodynamic coefficients, and unmodeled dynamics are applied to each trajectory and performance is analyzed using linear covariance analysis and Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that when the vehicle is flown closed-loop with feedback, shaping using the open-loop covariance produces a trajectory that is less robust than the baseline trajectory, while shaping using the closed-loop covariance generates a trajectory with reduced sensitivity to uncertainty for more robust performance. Thesis Supervisor: Steven R. Hall, Ph.D. Title: Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics MacVicar Faculty Fellow Thesis Supervisor: David Benson, Ph.D. Title: Senior Member of the Technical Staff The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc.


Three new hybrid solids 1, 2, and 3 of calcium dicarboxylates have been obtained using hydrothermal conditions (24 h, 180 °C) with 2,6-naphathalenedicarboxylic acid (H2ndc) and 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (H2bpdc) ligands. According to their single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, the three compounds exhibit dense networks with distinct dimensionalities for both the inorganic subnetwork and the whole structure. Three-dimensional (3D) 1 (Ca2(OH)2[ndc]) is built from layers of calcium oxo-hydroxide, pillared via the ndc ligands. Calcium is 7-fold coordinated with a monocapped trigonal prismatic surrounding (CaO4(OH)3). In 2 (Ca(H2O)[bpdc]), the structure consists of infinite chains of calcium polyhedra in a pentagonal bipyramidal coordination (CaO6(H2O) unit), the biphenyldicarboxylate species acting as scaffolds for the 3D structure. Complex 3 (Ca(H2O)3[bpdc]) also contains infinite chains of calcium polyhedra (with 8-fold coordination - CaO4(H2O)4 unit) but this time isolated because one of the two ...


This chapter presents many extensions and variations of the motion planning problem considered in Chapters 3 to 6. Each one of these can be considered as a "spin-off" that is fairly straightforward to describe using the mathematical concepts and algorithms introduced so far. Unlike the previous chapters, there is not much continuity in Chapter 7. Each problem is treated independently; therefore, it is safe to jump to whatever sections in the chapter you find interesting without fear of missing important details. In many places throughout the chapter, a state space X will arise. This is consistent with the general planning notation used throughout the book. In Chapter 4, the C-space, C , was introduced, which can be considered as a special state space: It encodes the set of transformations that can be applied to a collection of bodies. Hence, Chapters 5 and 6 addressed planning in X = C . The C-space alone is insufficient for many of the problems in this chapter; therefore, X will be used because it appears to be more general. For most cases in this chapter, however, X is derived from one or more C-spaces. Thus, C-space and state space terminology will be used in combination. Time-varying problems This section brings time into the motion planning formulation. Although the robot has been allowed to move, it has been assumed so far that the obstacle region O and the goal configuration, q g ∈ C free , are stationary for all time.


The authors first describe the general class of approximation spaces generated by translation of a function /spl psi/(x), and provide a full characterization of their basis functions. They then present a general sampling theorem for computing the approximation of signals in these subspaces based on a simple consistency principle. The theory puts no restrictions on the system input which can be an arbitrary finite energy signal; bandlimitedness is not required. In contrast to previous approaches, this formulation allows for an independent specification of the sampling (analysis) and approximation (synthesis) spaces. In particular, when both spaces are identical, the theorem provides a simple procedure for obtaining the least squares approximation of a signal. They discuss the properties of this new sampling procedure and present some examples of applications involving bandlimited, and polynomial spline signal representations. They also define a spectral coherence function that measures the "similarity" between the sampling and approximation spaces, and derive a relative performance bound for the comparison with the least squares solution. >


When a planning task cannot be solved then it can often be made solvable by modifying it a bit: one may change either the set of actions, or the initial state, or the goal description. We show that modification of actions can be reduced to initial state modification. We then apply Katsuno and Mendelzon's distinction between update and revision and show that the modification of the initial state is an update and the modification of the goal description is a revision. We consider variants of Forbus's update and Dalal's revision operation and argue that existing belief change operations do not apply as they stand because their inputs are boolean formulas, while plan task modification involves counterfactual statements. We show that they can be captured in Dynamic Logic of Propositional Assignments DL-PA.


At present many college students have trouble in their studies.The trouble affect their grades,health and development seriously.It has realistic significance that we analyse the types and the expression of the trouble and find the according,scientific and operative countermeasure,so as to ensure the education quality in colleges and realise the aim of "enlarging the scope and improving the quality".


Background: Multiple pregnancies are more common in recent days than in the past. Increased maternal age at conception due to delayed childbearing trend has resulted in multifetal gestations. Twin gestation imposes greater demand on the maternal physiological system than does singleton pregnancy. The incidence of multifetal gestation has increased mainly because of advanced maternal age and assisted reproductive technology. Multiple pregnancy is considered as high-risk pregnancy as it contributes significantly to adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.Methods: In this prospective observational study conducted in obstetrics and gynaecology department VMKVMCH, Salem for 6 months period, around 50 cases of multiple pregnancy were taken into consideration and patients were followed up from admission till delivery and neonatal outcome analysed. Main outcome measures were maternal complications (anaemia, pre-eclampsia, post-partum hemorrhage, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), perinatal mortality and morbidity.Results: Higher incidence of twin gestation was noted between the age group of 20-25 years and maximum were of spontaneous conception. None of them had family history of twins or past history of the same. We noted that maximum were preterm deliveries and majority of the patients underwent lower segment caesarean section (LSCS). Twin specific complications were noted according to their chorionicity. Most of the babies weighed between 1.5-2.5 kg. Perinatal mortality was 7.5% and no maternal mortality noted.Conclusions: The knowledge of maternal and fetal risks associated with multiple gestation helps in prevention of adverse outcome and better surveillance.


The study assessed the mediating role of psychosocial factors on the relationship between employee's perception of downsizing exercise and their commitment to work in selected public sector establishments in Nigeria. The study employed descriptive survey design and a Multi- stage sampling technique was adopted. Purposive sampling technique was used to select six Federal Government establishments in Abuja and Lagos State. Using stratified random sampling, a total of 604 respondents comprising (58.9%) males and (41.1%) females were selected from these establishments. Data were collected through the administration of standardized psychological tests: General Perception of Downsizing (GPD), Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS), and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ). Data collected were analyzed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed a significant positive relationship between employee's perception of downsizing and their work commitment (r = 0.17; p< 0.05). That is, employee's perception of downsizing exercise influenced their commitment to work. The results also showed that employees' perception of downsizing was significantly related to psychosocial factors, i.e. Self-Concept (r = 0.25; p<0.01); and Length of Service (r = 0.11; p<0.01). Furthermore, the results showed that Self-Concept and Length of service significantly and independently mediated the relationship between employee's perception of downsizing and their commitment to work, (β = 0.36; t = 9.24; p<0.01); and (β = 0.14; t = 3.56; p<0.01) respectively. The study concluded that employees' perception of downsizing related to their commitment to work. This relationship was, however, mediated by employees' self-concept and length of service.


Efficient generation of narrow-band terahertz-wave pulses tunable in the 2-3 THz frequency range was achieved in periodically-inverted GaAs; structures pumped by 100-fs pulses tunable between 2 and 4 microns, via mechanism of quasi-phase-matched optical rectification.


SUMMARY In the first two of four experiments, sheep were fed, ad libitum, sorghum stover supplemented with graded levels of foliage of the shrub leucaena (Leucaena leucocephald) or mulga (Acacia aneura), which provided between 0 and 0·34 or between 0 and 0·43 of the dietary dry matter (DM) respectively. A second treatment (with or without urea) was superimposed in a factorial design. The effect of treatments on liveweight (LW) was explainable by their effects on voluntary intake of apparently digestible organic matter (DOMI). D0M1 was increased by mulga, largely due to an increase in the total voluntary intake of organic matter (OM). Leucaena increased DOMI by increasing the ration OM digestibility and, at low levels of inclusion, intake of the basal diet. Roughage intake was greatest when leucaena provided 0·15–0·20 of the dietary DM. Leucaena increased rumen ammonia, and whenever roughage intake was increased by urea, leucaena also increased it. In the third experiment, when diets were made isonitrogenous with urea, roughage intake was slightly greater when leucaena, rather than its ash or a mineral mixture, was supplemented. Total OM intake and DOMI were greatest when leucaena was fed. In the final experiment, sheep were fed one of ten treatments: three basal diets (two of sorghum stover and the third of native pasture hay) each supplemented with legumes (leucaena to the hay and one stover diet and cowpea straw to the second stover diet), ash of the respective legume and formaldehyde-treated casein. The tenth treatment was sorghum stover plus urea. For sorghum stover diets with leucaena-based or cowpea straw-based supplements, DOMI responded linearly to the nonurea nitrogen concentration of the diet. On the other hand, for native hay with leucaena-based supplements, the response of DOMI to non-urea N was negligible. It was noted that the native hay (predominantly Flinders grass, Iseilema vaginiflorum), contained lower concentrations of polyphenols than sorghum stover. It was concluded that browse foliage can increase the voluntary DOMI of sheep consuming low quality roughages by providing nitrogen and sometimes minerals and OM of greater digestibility. The slowly-degradable proteins in leucaena, cowpea straw or formaldehyde-treated casein are more effective with polyphenol-rich sorghum stover than with native hay of otherwise similar composition.


Open source software has defied its sceptics and become a big business. Governments at the national, state and local level across the globe are requiring open source in their projects. Almost all major commercial software vendors use or distribute code under some open source license. As a user, it's hard to go a day on the web without interacting with some open source code which has replaced many server side legacy products. Worldwide more than 350 million consumers use open source software products and thousands of enterprises use open source code1.The best known open source brand is still probably the Linux operating system, but as open source projects and companies proliferate, the importance of brands to differentiate these offerings is on the rise. Trademarks, the legal rights that form the foundation for brand identity, will necessarily play a larger role in the open source world.


In order to effectively improve a monitoring level for coal mine safety,an intelligent monitoring system is designed.It works as an industrial monitoring system,which adopts many-purpose techniques,such as optical fibre communication,CAN communication,virtual serial port,video coding and decoding,superimposed images and data storage.The paper also presents the system structure and its working principle,and discusses the implementation of video capture technology.The whole system is efficient and reliable,which has greatly improved the supervision,management and monitoring level for coal mine safety.


ABSTRACT The present article is concerned with the Stroh analysis of Rayleigh surface wave propagation in anisotropic homogeneous thermoelastic medium. The problem is considered in the context of three-phase-lag model of generalized thermoelasticity. The secular equation is with complex coefficients and the surface wave is damped in time and dispersed. The results are illustrated for the case of an orthotropic homogeneous thermoelastic half space and an explicit bicubic form of the characteristic equation with complex coefficients is obtained. The analysis of these Rayleigh waves for homogeneous orthotropic half space is numerically exemplified.


Syzygium Gaertn., the largest genus in Myrtaceae, comprises about 1200 species distributed from Africa eastwards to the Hawaiian Islands, India and southern China southwards to Australia and New Zealand (Parnell et al., 2007; Govaerts et al., 2020). Seventy two species are so far reported from India, which include eight recently described species from the Western Ghats, two from Andaman Nicobar Islands and one from Northeast India (Viswanathan & Manikantan, 2008; Shareef et al., 2012, 2014; Sujanapal et al., 2013, 2014; Nayar et al., 2014; Ramana et al., 2014; Narayanan et al., 2014; Murugan & Arumugam, 2017; Ramasubbu et al., 2018; Sarma et al., 2019). The Western Ghats of Peninsular India shows the highest diversity of the genus in India with 47 species, 20 of which are endemic (Nayar et al., 2014; Govaerts et al., 2020).


This fifth-grade teacher explains many reasons why she teaches, not the least of which is that her students are game changers and she wants a front-row seat when they change the world one day.


Thermoelectric is an alternative cooling device over vapor compression refrigeration system. Due to its more environmentally friendly and compact nature. Thermoelectric has two sides that functions as a hot reservoir and cold reservoir, and utilizes electrical energy to pump heat. In this research, testing of the thermoelectric coolant heat of TEC1-12706 at low temperature was carried. The low temperature below the ambient temperature was arrange, to obtain the value of cooling capacity and the performance coefficient at low temperature. There were three parameters measured, which were current, voltage, and temperature. The hot side temperature of TEC1-12706 was kept below the ambient temperature by placing the hot side on the cold plate of the evaporator vapor compression refrigeration system. The results shows that the performance coefficient value and cooling capacity are increasing as the input power value increases in TEC1-12706. The value of Cooling Capacity is between 0.24 to 2.96 watt; while the value of COP is between 0.56 to 1.05. This shows that TEC1-12706 is good enough to be used in low temperatures below the ambient temperature.


Results on investigation of linear and non-linear optical properties, damage threshold and potential efficiencies of biaxial LiInS2 crystal are represented. Transmission range is 0.4 - 12.5 micrometers at the 0.1 level and 0.5 - 11.0 micrometers at the 0.5 level. Typical absorption coefficients are as low as 0,1 - 0,25 cm-1 at the maximum transmission range 1.0 - 8.0 micrometers and 1.1 - 2.3 cm-1 at the CO2 laser wavelengths. Coefficients of second order non-linear susceptibilities are d31 equals 6.2, d32 equals 5.4 and d33 equals 9.8 pm/V, but damage threshold is as high as 120 - 130 MW/sm2 for 36 ns pulses at 9.55 micrometers . The phase-matching is estimated with using of determined Sellmeier coefficients. It is represented in graphic form so as fields of SHG efficiencies. It is shown that LiInS2 can be used in middle IR OPO pumped by Cu-vapor laser, group-velocity phase matching take place in wide spectral range for sum- and difference-frequency generation of visible, near and middle IR lasers including SHG of 3 micrometers Er laser.


The article talks about works of visual artists Stelarc and Roman Verostko. Topics include works of Stelarc titled "Ping Body;" works of visual artists Leonel Moura and Stelarc which deploys robotics and artificial intelligence; and works of Stelarc featured performative body and cyborgian body from the mediation of human intelligence and volition. It also mention about the works of artists Harold Cohen and Jean Tinguely.


Administration of carbon tetrachloride to rats resulted in induction of hepatic fibrosis and a 60% reduction of hepatic S‐adenosylmethionine synthetase activity without producing any significant modification of hepatic levels of S‐adenosylmethionine synthetase messenger RNA. The reduction of S‐adenosylmethionine synthetase activity was corrected by treatment with S‐adenosylmethionine (3 mg/kg/day, intramuscularly). Administration of carbon tetrachloride also produced a 45% depletion of liver glutathione (reduced form) that was corrected by S‐adenosylmethionine treatment. After the rats received carbon tetrachloride, a 2.3‐fold increase in liver collagen was observed; prolyl hydroxylase activity was 2.5 times greater than that seen in controls. These increases were attenuated in animals treated with carbon tetrachloride and S‐adenosylmethionine. The attenuation by S‐adenosylmethionine treatment of the fibrogenic effect of carbon tetrachloride was associated with a decrease in the number of rats in which cirrhosis developed. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;16:1022–1027.)


The development of rat brain delta-opioid receptors has been studied in the postnatal period using the highly selective delta-site ligand [3H]-[D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) in binding studies. Between day 10 and day 25 there was a three-fold increase in the number of binding sites (expressed per mg protein) and the KD was constant throughout the postnatal period. Specific binding could not be detected earlier than day 10.


Complex geology requires Woodford Shale operators to apply traditional methods to explore for and produce shale oil, gas and condensates.


The effect of nanofilles additives containing copper oxide nanoparticles stabilized by a polymer matrix of high-pressure polyethylene obtained by the mechanochemical method on features of the structure and properties of metal-containing nanocomposites based on isotactic polypropylene and high-pressure polyethylene was studied using differential thermal (DTA) and X-ray phase (XRD) analyzes. The improvement of strength, deformation and rheological parameters, as well as thermal-oxidative stability of the obtained nanocomposites was revealed, that apparently, is associated with the synergistic effect of interfacial interaction of copper-containing nanoparticles in the PE matrix with the components of the PP/PE polymer composition


INTRODUCTION
Subcutaneous and vascular calcifications are classical manifestations of pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Visceral calcifications sometimes associated with unbalanced phosphocalcium leels are uncommon.

CASE REPORT
We observed pseudoxanthoma elasticum in a French Caribbean patient who had extensive acneiform skin lesions with transepidermal elimination. Multivisceral calcifications were associated hyperphosphoremia alone.

DISCUSSION
The pathogenic sequence of phosphocalcium disorders in this disease are discussed on the basis of calcifications and hyperphosphoremia observed in this case and from data in the literature.


This was submitted as a final project for CS254B, taught by Li Yang Tan and Tom Knowles. The field of Circuit Complexity utilises careful analysis of Boolean Circuit Functions in order to extract meaningful information about a range of complexity classes. In particular, the complexity class $P / \text{Poly}$ has played a central role in much of the historical attempts to tackle the problem of whether solution and verification are equivalent i.e. the central $P$ versus $NP$ problem. Whilst circuits can potentially be easier to analyse than Turing Machines due to their non-uniform nature of computation (program size is allowed to depend on the input size), it is notoriously hard to establish lower bounds for them. In this report, we will touch upon several results published by Hastad, Sipser and Razborov that will highlight a dynamic interplay between circuit complexity and many of the central ideas of modern-day complexity theory, and in particular the central importance of Hastad's Switching Lemma.


In engineering construction, Piles have been come important base reinforce form. In this paper we established the mechanical model of the pile motivated vibration, and got the vibration partial differential equation of the pile, with the boundary conditions and initial conditions. From the mathematical calculation and derivation we concluded its time domain response by the method of separation of variables, and then through the fast Fourier transform, obtained its amplitude frequency response curves. An example was calculated to provide reference for the dynamic test study of the pile. The result we have got to serve as a guide for theory research of the pile. Keywords-float supported pile; lengthwise oscillations; dynamic inspection


Qualitative research on public service motivation (PSM) is rare, and volunteer resource manager perspectives on PSM have not been explored in the research literature, even though volunteer resource managers deal directly with individuals involved in voluntary work that could be expected to be driven by inspiration and motivation. Using data generated from in-person biographical interviews with Birmingham-area volunteer resource managers, the study reported here examined the PSM values of volunteer resource managers and looks at their perspectives on the role of PSM on civic action, recruiting, and maintaining volunteers. The analyses of interview data reveal the critical role of the demand side of volunteering and suggest implications for both researchers and the profession. Increased attention to the quality of engagement for volunteers, and articulating the motivational aspect, may enhance the experiences of volunteers as well as volunteer resource managers, which are both key resources for nonprofit service organizations.


The 2005 Tax Policy and the Economy conference marks the twentieth anniversary of this very popular and productive series. This conference was first suggested by Martin Feldstein in the mid-1980s, and it was organized initially by Lawrence Summers. The late David Bradford subsequently organized several meetings. For the last fifteen years, I have had the pleasure of arranging the programs for this meeting. The annual conference communicates current academic research findings in the areas of taxation and government spending to policy analysts in government and the private sector. The papers presented at this conference address issues with an immediate bearing on current policy debates as well as questions that are of longer-term interest. This con ference has served as a model for researchers in other fields who are


This paper probes into the problem of scientific evaluation of the writing skill and the way of training this skill,By doing this,it tries to provide a practical way of teaching writing skill.


The needs of instrumentation support for laser test and evaluation (T&E) in the 21 Century are slowly emerging and being defined. These needs are comprised of two main efforts. The first is the continued support of laser designator T&E efforts that place greater demand on a scoring systems ability to detect the signal as aircraft standoff ranges become greater and the need to test in more realistic noncooperative settings. The other side of the coin is the emergence of high energy lasers from the science and technology arena into open range T&E environments. This paper discusses the needs of both efforts and what the Air Force Flight Test Center, Edwards AFB, California, is doing to meet these challenges through a series of upgrades to its Radiometric Analysis and Measurement System (RAMS).


Scattering of electromagnetic waves by underground objects has received much attention in recent years. Sensing techniques have been developed to locate and identify various target objects such as cables, gas and water pipes, and ancient tombs for archaeological evidence under the ground. However, detection of buried objects is difficult, since the EM wave which propagates through the underground is scattered by objects, such as air gaps and rocks. In this paper, the complication of radar response is related to the randomness of media and surfaces statistically, using the root mean square value, correlation coefficient, etc. The wavelet transform of the radar response is effective in emphasizing the reflection from an air gap, at particular scales.


In this experiment, work was carried out to infer the thermal characteristics of a heat pipe containing nano fluid inside in it. Various Parameters were considered in this experiment, some of them are inlet temperature at one end, mass flow rate (mfr) to evaporator section and inclination angle of heat pipe. In this work three numbers of heat pipes were used and hybrid nanofluid of Al2O3 – TiO2 has been used as cooling fluid in all three heat pipes. The thermal efficiency of the usage of hybrid nanofluidic working system is found to be highest and also this makes the system to get worse in terms of thermal resistance. The flow rate of condenser section was modified to the various ratios from 1:1 to 1:3 as that of evaporator section. To find the thermal characteristics of the heat pipe, many experiments have been carried out by considering many operating conditions. Evaluation on the heat pipe effectiveness was made on basis of gravity assistance to the condenser. The better productiveness of heat pipe when using the hybrid nanofluid has attained when Ch/Cc = 2 and 100 LPH for all operating conditions.


Autosymmetric Boolean functions are "regular functions" that are rather frequent in the set of Boolean functions describing standard circuits. Autosymmetry is typically exploited for improving the synthesis time and the quality of the optimized circuits. This paper studies in not a naive way, for the first time, the autosymmetry of incompletely specified functions, i.e., Boolean functions with don't care conditions. The theory of autosymmetry for completely specified functions is extended to the incompletely specified case and a new heuristic algorithm is provided for the detection of autosymmetry. The experimental results validate the theoretical study and show that the 77 % of the considered benchmarks has an improved autosymmetry degree.


The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which job tenure moderates the relationship between autonomy and job satisfaction. Autonomy was operationally defined using Breaugh's (1985) work autonomy scale, which measures three facets of autonomy, while job satisfaction was measured using three scales from the Job Descriptive Index (Smith, Kendall, & Hulin, 1969). Data were collected from a sample of 76 production workers. It was found that job tenure does moderate the relationship between job satisfaction and both criteria autonomy and scheduling autonomy. The findings reported in this paper suggest that employers should proceed cautiously when introducing empowerment programs to new production workers. A complete PDF version of this article can be found at www.radfdord.edu/~applyhrm. ____________________________________________________________________


In one high repetition frequency X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) equipment, the electron gun and compensate solenoid have special structure in the photoinjector, thus the electric field and the magnetic field overlaps near the cathode. The thermal emittance of the cathode should be measured in the experiment. The solenoid scan method used to measure the thermal emittance is not suitable for the overlapping field, because it works effectively only when the rms emittance keeps constant. As the normalized phase space can avoid the influence of the electric field, we tried to use the solenoid scan method in normalized phase space. Using simulation code to do simulations and analysis, we finally demonstrate that this method is feasible for measurement of thermal emittance of the photoinjector which has overlapping field.


This paper outlines a theory explaining why the provider role is important to boys in the development of their masculine identity. The family is a primary site for identity formation, and boys appear to be more badly affected by growing up in non-intact families than girls. Female identity is more marked by biological transitions (e.g. pregnancy), and gives mothers a more central role within the family than fathers. Thus the male role within the family – the provider role - needs to be socially and culturally constructed. Where the father is absent and the role is devalued, transition from boyhood to manhood is made difficult, and masculinity may be problematized as 'hegemonic', 'toxic', and 'hyper'. Solutions from traditional cultures are discussed.


Abstract Sustainable domestic aquaculture development is a critical component to achieving greater U.S. seafood security in the future, yet detrimental allegations have corrupted public support. A variety of longstanding and inaccurate myths and assumptions directed at offshore aquaculture farming and its regulation have been foisted on the public. This paper refutes the most prevalent critiques by reviewing current policies, regulations, research and industry production practices. These criticisms include: inadequate regulatory oversight; portrayal of farms as being high density factories unconcerned by food waste, untreated discharge, use of antibiotic and antifungal treatments; entanglement of marine mammals; impacts on wild stocks and habitats; use of feed additives to pigment fish flesh; unsustainable use of fish meal in feed formulations; potential market disruption by producing cheap, low quality products; and commercial farms and commercial fishers cannot coexist as for-profit businesses. Marine aquaculture is not risk-free in terms of potential environmental, economic, social, and cultural impacts and challenges remain to achieve a sustainable industry. These challenges are well known and addressable by the U.S. and global research community. Current offshore farming realities bode well for the future: 1) there is a clear global imperative to sustainably produce more seafood to meet growing demand and the U.S. has the marine resources to become a major exporter, if U.S. law can be amended to grant offshore farmers a property right or security of tenure for sites in federal waters; 2) U.S. ocean farmers work within a very complex and effective legal, regulatory, science-driven environment to anticipate and mitigate potential impacts; 3) farm level management decisions and federal and state regulatory frameworks have worked together to bring about environmentally friendly siting, operational, and production outcomes, and 4) the farming community and its advocates in government, universities, and industry recognize it is essential to reach out to decision-makers and the interested public, as well as critics, with the latest research and empirical results to present an accurate picture of risks and rewards to development.


Objective To improve the life quality of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer by implementing extension of hospital medical services.Methods 162 patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer dischaged from oncology department from May 2010 to May 2011 were divided into control group(78 cases) and observation group(84 cases).All patients were followed up for 2 months.The KPS scale,life quality forms of comprehensive treatment for cancer pain and Barthel index were taken for detection at discharge,1 month and 2 months after discharge.Results The KPS scores,life quality scores of comprehensive treatment for cancer pain in observation group 1 month and 2 months after discharge were significantly higher than those in control group(P 0.05);the ADL scores in observation group 1 month and 2 months after discharge were lower than those in control group(P 0.05).Conclusions Implementation of medical care mode can reduce the pain in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer,and improve the patient's physical condition and quality of life.


The tavorite‐structured materials remain unfathomed as positive electrodes in rechargeable batteries. Reasoning of this fact, borate, and silicate‐based tavorites are investigated for utilization in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) and as a photocatalyst for organic contaminant degradation. The physiochemical, electrochemical, dielectric, and photoelectrochemical properties are analyzed to learn the fact that LiVBO4F has resulted in a glass‐ceramic nature owing to the embodiment of boron oxyfluoride glasses. This nature has made them effective as cathodes even under sensitive mode operations compared to their counterpart. Additionally, a multiredox behaviour was witnessed for both the materials, which boosts the specific capacity for LIB system. Besides, LiVSiO4F display immense degradation efficiency for tetracycline, an organic contaminant. These materials unveil expedient properties, promising its multiple usage in the field of conversion cum storage devices as photoelectrodes and cathodes in LIBs.


The current study examines the attitudes of Jordanian female college students whose major is English language and literature towards the United States of America and the United Kingdom. It also looks into the reasons for their held beliefs about the West, the US and UK, in particular. A survey and semi- structured interviews were conducted with forty Muslim female students from various cities and villages in Jordan for this purpose. The selected students are in their final semester in the English program and have completed various courses in language and literature. In these courses, students have been mostly exposed to British and American literature throughout the four year period of their study. The study also examines whether student attitudes towards the West resemble those of the general Arab public. The findings certainly challenge the theory of the "Clash of civilizations." In fact, the results demonstrate that students have a more favourable opinion of the UK than the US and that this has everything to do with their dissatisfaction with the current American foreign policies and nothing to do with the "American way of life."


According to the survey principle of the ion stored in a Penning ion trap, the efficient method to improve the resolution factor of an ion spectrum is developed. The ion spectrum with high resolution factor can be gained as the Q value at about 120 and the electric current at about 40 μA and as the suitable vacuum. Then the ion spectrum is recognized, the ions is separatly H + 3,H + 5,H + 6,H + 7.


The reaction between the serum of a patient with disseminated lupus erythematosus and DNA has been studied by quantitative complement fixation. Thermally denatured DNA was shown to be a more reactive antigen than native DNA. Immunologic measurement of melting out and renaturation of the antigen characterized it as DNA. DNase-digested antigen preparations failed to react but were effective inhibitors. Lupus erythematosus (LE) serum detected serologic differences in denatured DNA preparations from various sources.


A closed-form solution for nonlinear covariance prediction is formulated for two-body orbits. Nonlinear terms arise from errors in the nonlinear state transition matrix caused by errors in the state. With nonlinear terms included, the predicted covariance cannot become unrealistically small after long prediction intervals. Simulations demonstrate that the second moments of Monte Carlo error distributions are accurately characterized by nonlinear covariance prediction, whereas linear covariance prediction grossly under-estimates these moments. For near-circular orbits, the nonlinear terms exceed the linear terms after 1/4 revolution. The covariance solution is useful for real orbit determination and prediction because it is the zeroth-order solution of a state-dependent matrix-Riccati equation for perturbed orbits.


This study embraced a unit-level diversity perspective to examine inter-personal aggression, as experienced or witnessed by individual team members. Specifically, our aim was twofold: first, to exp...


This is an attempt to disentangle Ukrainian and Russian national identities. The article focuses more on the identity struggles in Russia than in Ukraine. I claim that the Russian national identity is, essentially, East Slavic in its core. The direct descendance of the Russian statehood from Kievan Rus makes it especially difficult for Russians to think of Ukraine as the Other. Russia's attitude toward Ukraine is characterized as more of a lingering attachment to their immature common identity than a typical imperialist project of a fully developed nation. The article cautions that the cultural boundaries between the two countries are fuzzy and amorphous, thus making them difficult to define but easy to overstep.


CORDIC or CO-ordinate Rotation Digital Computer is a fast, simple, efficient and powerful algorithm used in Digital Signal Processing applications. In this paper, we extend the methodology for designing a low-power area-efficient DCT for image compression using only shift registers, and adders/ sub tractors and special interconnections. Through hardware synthesis we proved that shift and add based DCT computation is efficient one over conventional multiplier based approach and finally accuracy was measured by comparing PSNR value of reconstructed image with original image using MATLAB.


This study includes process planning of prismatic parts by means of an expert system. On the computer controlled machine tools, operation methods and mostly used process types in manufacture are drawn with solid modelling. Feature recognition process is achieved with the "B‐Rreb" modelling method to give vectorel direction knowledge and adjacent relationships of surface using the STEP standard interface program. Furthermore, operation type and sequence of operation are defined for the prismatic parts by using the databases achieved from the feature recognition module. This developed method was prepared on an IBM compatible PC by using C++ programming language for this purpose and is explained with a sample.


Abstract : It has been proposed to solve the lane identification problem in the Omega navigation system by the transmission of signals at two or more frequencies to produce beat frequencies. A frequency of 13.6 kiloHertz (kHz) will be used with the basic 10.2 kHz transmissions to obtain a three-to-one increase in the width of the ambiguities. The phase velocities of waves at 10.2 kHz and 13.6 kHz are not the same, so a four-to-three relationship of wave lengths will not exist and correction factors will be required to obtain lane identification. Observations were made in an aircraft flying from the transmitting stations out to ranges of 4000 miles. The results show that calculated differences in velocity of propagation will be accurate enough to obtain reliable lane identification. The necessary corrections could be provided for the navigator in the form of simple tables.


A 2-DOF manipulator is modeled in PROE. In MATLAB, inverse kinematics is solved by geometric method. The desired trajectory, angular velocity and angular acceleration of each joint are obtained by the linear interpolation of parabola transition to complete the kinematics planning of the manipulator. The velocity of the end-point and the kinematics analysis are got by Newton-Euler method. In PROE, the expected trajectory of the end point is got by the simulation of the position planning. Kinematics simulation on the model is made in ADAMS. The simulation results are consistent with theoretical calculations to verify the correctness of the theory computing, which can provide an effective basis for the control of the manipulator.