Su cc ess maths education refers to the maths educational activities which require mat hs manager,maths teacher,maths learner to set up the concept of success maths and make use of success operation mechanism to help the maths learner achieve th e success of maths learning.This kind of education has the following characteri stics:geared to all maths learners,turning maths potential to maths ability,t hrough maths education and all-personnel maths management.Its educational mech anism consists of system organization,which includes success maths management, success maths teaching and success maths learning,and soft organization(concep t),which is made up of expection,opportunity and evaluation mechanism.


Multi-View display technology allows the presentation of a 3D video by showing simultaneously several views of the same scene. One approach to render these multiple views is to synthesize novel views using a Depth Image Based Rendering (DIBR) algorithm. Consequently, for the efficient transmission of 3D video signals, the compression of texture and also the depth images is required. Since the ratio between the depth and texture bit-rate is still an open question, we propose in this paper a novel joint depth/texture bit-allocation algorithm for the compression of multi-view video. The described algorithm combines the depth and texture rate-distortion (RD) curves to obtain a single R-D surface that allows the optimization of the joint bit-allocation problem in relation to the obtained rendering quality. We subsequently discuss a fast hierarchical optimization algorithm that exploits the smooth monotonic properties of the R-D surface. The hierarchical optimization algorithm employs an orthogonal search pattern so that the number of image-compression iterations for measuring quality is minimized. Experimental results show an estimated gain of 1 dB compared to anad-hocselection of bit-rates. Besides this, our joint model can be readily integrated into an MVC H.264 coder because it yields the optimal compression setting with a limited computation effort.


Context. AG Draconis produces a strong supersoft X-ray emission. The X-ray and optical/UV fluxes are in strict anticorrelation throughout the active and quiescent phases. Aims. We identify the source of the X-ray emission and reveal the nature of the observed flux anticorrelation. Methods. We used X-ray and UV observations with XMM-Newton, far-UV spectroscopy from FUSE, low- and high-resolution IUE spectra, and optical/near-IR spectroscopic and/or photometric observations. We modeled the spectral energy distribution and broad wings of the O vi λ1032 ,λ 1038 and He ii λ1640 lines by the electron-scattering during the maximum of the 2003 burst, and the subsequent transition and quiescent phase. Results. The X-ray-near-IR energy distribution at different levels of the star's brightness confirmed the observed flux anticorrelation quantitatively and showed that the optical bursts are associated to an increase in the nebular component of radiation. The profile-fitting analysis revealed a significant increase in the mean particle density around the hot star from ∼2.6 × 10 10 cm −3 during quiescent phase to ∼1.1 × 10 12 cm −3 during the burst. Conclusions. The supersoft X-ray emission is produced by the white dwarf photosphere. The X-ray and far-UV fluxes make it possible to determine its temperature unambiguously. The supersoft X-ray-optical/UV flux anticorrelation is caused by the variable wind from the hot star. The enhanced hot star wind gives rise to the optical bursts by reprocessing high-energy photons from the Lyman continuum to the optical/UV.


The design of self-tuning parameters model of the batching controller is presented in this paper.The new method introduces the continuous stepless speed feeding way instead of the traditional two-speed(high and low speed) feeding way.The novel batching control scheme is based on the modern self-adapting and pre-estimated theories,which has independent intellectual property rights.The method mentioned in this paper resolves the contradiction between weighing speed and weighing precision,and realizes the high precision automatic batching.


The school desegregation narrative often references historically white public schools as sites of massive resistance and historically white private schools as segregationist academies. Yet some historically white elite private schools or independent schools, such as The Westminster Schools (plural in name only), established in 1951 in Atlanta, Georgia, chose to desegregate. Such elite institutions, which have served as one catalyst for the creation and maintenance of social and cultural capital, became more accessible after Brown v. Board of Education through a combination of private and public decisions galvanized by larger social, political, and federal forces. Westminster's 1965 decision to consider all applicants regardless of race was emblematic of the pragmatic desegregation politics of Atlanta's city leaders during the civil rights movement and a national independent school agenda focused on recruiting black students. Drawing on institutional, local, regional, and national archival records and publications, this article examines the import of schools like Westminster to civic and business leaders, to the politics of race and desegregation occurring in large cities, and to the range of educational opportunities available in metropolitan areas. This examination yields an analysis of the leadership and politics of a southern historically white elite private school that black students desegregated in 1961.


The general aim of each countermeasure in the case of oil spills in waters must be to remove the discharged oil as rapidly and as completely as possible from the marine environment. Such measures can only be effective as long as the oil remains at the water surface and as long as the oil forms a cohesive slick. The effectiveness of the means very much depends on the basic physical principle applied for the removal and of their integration into a carrying vessel. This paper will demonstrate that technical solutions can be affiliated to four general physical principles. It will be shown that they differ in their possibilities to separate oil from water and their efficiency in general. Their physical backgrounds will be discussed and their effectiveness with respect to oil spill clean up evaluated.


Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) films were deposited on Si(001) substrates in an ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) system under various conditions, and the growth parameter spaces and optical properties of c-BN films have been investigated systematically. The results indicate that suitable ion bombardment is necessary for the growth of c-BN films, and a well defined parameter space can be established by using the P/a-parameter. The refractive index of BN films keeps a constant of 1.8 for the c-BN content lower than 50%, while for c-BN films with higher cubic phase the refractive index increases with the c-BN content from 1.8 at chi(c) = 50% to 2.1 at chi(c) = 90%. Furthermore, the relationship between n and rho for BN films can be described by the Anderson-Schreiber equation, and the overlap field parameter gamma is determined to be 2.05.


The process of distributing goods is precisely determined from the transportation service provider used. The transportation used will affect a supply chain can be fulfilled properly or not. The decision to choose the right vendor is based on the selection of criteria from each service provider that suits the needs of the company itself. The selection of the wrong criteria will have an impact on the services provided to customers, one of which is the delay factor. Delays that occur are dominated by shipping by land. Analysis of the selection of the right vendor is done by applying the AHP and TOPSIS methods. The criteria used consist of price, quality, delivery, flexibility and reliability. Application of AHP and TOPSIS methods will provide an assessment of each of these vendors so they can determine the best vendor. The selection of the best vendor starts from determining the weight of each predetermined criterion. Each criterion will be correlated with each other which will then be weighted by each criterion. The results of determining the best vendor are obtained with the highest weight value of 0.807 obtained by Japung using the TOPSIS method.


Background: post anesthesia shivering (PAS) is one of the most common complications after surgeries. There are two methods to reduce the shivering, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Aim of the study: the present study compared the efficacy and safety of 150 mg oral pregabalin premedication on preventing PAS, perioperative core body temperature changes, hemodynamic stability and postoperative complications. Patients and methods: this prospective, observational study consisted of 200 adult patients scheduled for general, orthopedic or ENT surgery. The patients were randomized into two groups of 100 patients each. Group I received 150 mg of oral pregabalin, group II received an oral placebo 60-90 min before operation. All patients were assessed for perioperative hemodynamic changes, Core body temperature changes, PAS, amount of pethidine used and postoperative side effects. Results: regarding the efficacy of the preoperative administration of oral pregabalin, the current study reports valuable preventive effect on shivering for pregabalin group (8.1%) compared to control group (44.3%), and there was highly significant difference between both groups according to incidence and scoring of shivering. On the other hand we found no significant difference between groups according to heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). However reduction in SBP and DBP was recorded in both groups after induction which became back up at the end of surgery. Also tympanic temperature reduction was recorded intraoperatively and came back up during recovery period with no statistically significant differences between groups. Postoperative nausea and vomiting were significantly lower with the administration of pregabalin compared with the placebo group. Additionally, pregabalin increased the incidence of dizziness, blurred vision and drowsiness. Conclusion: oral pregabalin premedication adequately prevent PAS but could not affect its timing nor mean dose of pethidine used. Additionally, oral pregabalin reduced postoperative nausea and vomiting but increased significantly the incidence of dizziness, blurred vision and drowsiness.


This invention relates to the process for prodn. of a plant growth regulator-2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (ethephon), which process consists of at the vacuum feed of dry hydrogen chloride and acidolysis of di(2-chloroethyl) -2-chloroethyl phosphonate ester. The present invention has advantages: simple process, low cost, low environmental pollution and suitable for large scale commercial prodn.


The ordinary high water mark (OHWM) defines the lateral extent of nontidal aquatic features in the absence of adjacent wetlands in the United States. The federal regulatory definition of the OHWM, 33 CFR 328.3(c)(7), states the OHWM is "that line on the shore established by the fluctuations of water and indicated by physical characteristics such as [a] clear, natural line impressed on the bank, shelving, changes in the character of soil, destruction of terrestrial vegetation, the presence of litter and debris, or other appropriate means that consider the characteristics of the surrounding areas." This is the first manual to present a methodology for nationwide identification and delineation of the OHWM. A two-page data sheet and field procedure outline a weight-of-evidence (WoE) methodology to organize and evaluate observations at stream sites. This manual presents a consistent, science-based method for delineating the OHWM in streams. It also describes regional differences and challenges in identifying the OHWM at sites disturbed by human-induced or natural changes and illustrates how to use remote data to structure field inquiries and interpret field evidence using the principles of fluvial science. The manual demonstrates that, in many landscape settings, the OHWM may be located near the bankfull elevation.


The dynamics and stability of the resistive wall mode (RWM) are investigated in the JT-60U high-β plasmas, and the sustainment of highβ plasmas above the ideal no-wall β-limit βno-wall N has been demonstrated using a plasma rotation. To suppress an n = 1 RWM that limits the achievableβN in the regimeβN > βno-wall N , the plasma rotation is kept larger than the critical rotation. Therefore, we have successfully sustained βN ' 3.0 for ∼ 1 s orβN ' 2.8 for ∼ 5 s. In this highβN regime, the MHD instabilities relating the RWM, that is, an = 1 bursting mode and a slowly growing mode, have been observed. These modes sometimes induce the plasmas rotation damping and triggering the RWM. Especially, the slowly growing mode can reduce the rotational shear around the q = 2 surface and finally trigger the RWM. These results shows the rotational shear at the rational surface is also important to determine the RWM stability as well as the plasma rotation speed. Moreover, the plasma rotation braking owing to the RWM have been observed. It is found that the RWM distortion can clearly induce the plasma rotation braking inside the q = 2 surface.


I doff my hat to Graham Jackson, editor-in-chief extraordinaire, now emeritus, of the International Journal of Clinical Practice. Dr Jackson is a Consultant Cardiologist at London Bridge Hospital, London and BMI Shirley Oaks Hospital in Croydon, Surrey, and honorary consultant at his former NHS base at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital in London. Dr Jackson has shepherded the journal from one with a relatively narrow print readership to a truly international multi-disciplinary clinically relevant publication with an Impact Factor of 2.415 and > 300,000 full-text downloads annually, world-wide. In addition to countless editorials and other contributions to the journal, he has published hundreds of papers on cardiology and general medicine, has authored numerous books and has served as president of the World Congress of Men's Health and is on the Board of Directors of the International Society of Men's Health. For the past few months, I have been shadowing Dr Jackson as he daily triages the papers that come into the editorial office for suitability to be sent on for peer review; this behind-the-scenes activity is critically important so that the potential authors can be advised straight-away if their article is not a good match for the journal, and conserves our precious reviewer resources. I am happy and relieved to report that there has been little disagreement about disposition.


Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hemoglobinopathy that causes major red blood cell (RBC) dysfunction; however, studies have also highlighted the signi fi cant role of polymorphonuclear cells in SCA pathophysiology. 1-3 Patients with SCA have an increased leukocyte count at steady state and exhibit neutrophil activation markers, 4 including increased expression of adhesion molecules 5 such as the integrins Mac-1 (CD18/CD11b) and LFA-1 (CD18/CD11a), 6 increased expressions of activation proteins such as CD64, 7 and increased expression of aging markers such as CXCR4 high /CD62L low . 8 Hydroxyurea (HU) may also bene fi t patients with SCA by suppressing neutrophil activation and cor-recting the dysregulated


GaAs 2.5 Gbps 16 bit MUX/DEMUX LSI's have been successfully developed. DCFL is employed as a basic gate in order to reduce the power dissipation. To avoid the speed degradation caused by using DCFL, various technologies such as 8/spl times/2(MUX)/2/spl times/8(DEMUX) data conversion processes, a Selector Merged Shift Register, clock overlapping, and a 0.7-/spl mu/m BPLDD MESFET, have been introduced. Moreover the ECL I/O level interface and single power supply features make it easy to use MUX/DEMUX in optical communication systems. The maximum operating data rate is 3.2 Gbps for both LSI's, and the power dissipation of chips which operates with 2.5 Gbps are as low as 1.3 W for each MUX/DEMUX. >


Patients with advanced prostate cancer have limited curative options, therefore new treatments are needed. Mouse models play a pivotal role in the discovery and development of new treatments. In the present study, a TRAMP‐derived Orthotopic Prostate Syngeneic (TOPS) mouse model was developed and found to provide a consistent means of monitoring tumor and metastatic responses to novel treatments.


A method for applying a rotation to the coated optical fiber so that the fiber about its longitudinal axis, so that the optical fiber having ultra-low the PMD (polarization mode dispersion), the method comprising the steps of: guiding the coated optical fiber, so that the coated optical fiber at a lower end point without departing from the stretching axis beyond a certain range; and providing a torque to the optical fiber by passing the coated optical fiber in contact with a driving roller, the driving roller at the lower end of the guide point in axis substantially parallel to the stretching direction vibration center; and adjusting the amplitude of the drive roller (a) the distance (l) between the point and the vibration and the guide points to control the angle between the vibrating optical fiber and the stretching axis (θ). This makes it possible to control the rate of rotation (revolutions / m) generated by rotation of the optical fiber.


The utility model relates to the field of diameter and ellipticity measurement for steel pipes, particularly to a pipe end ellipticity and diameter measuring device for a large-caliber straight welded pipe. The pipe end ellipticity and diameter measuring device for the large-caliber straight welded pipe comprises a machine frame, upper and lower cross beams and a rotation roller, wherein two pairs of laser scan sensors are installed on the upper and the lower cross beams respectively; two laser displacement sensors are installed in the middle parts of the upper and the lower cross beams respectively; probes of the two laser displacement sensors are oppositely arranged; and distance detection devices are installed between the end parts, namely the left and the right end parts of the upper and the lower cross beams. The measuring device adopts the two pairs of laser scan devices and the two 2D laser sensors, so as to measure the outer diameter and the ellipticity for the pipe body of a to-be-measured steel pipe rotating on a rotation roller bed; the device has high measuring accuracy and short operation time, is convenient for operation, can sustain the quick-pace on-site manufacture of large-caliber straight welded pipes, effectively completes the detection for the diameter and the ellipticity at the pipe ends of pipes, and has favorable popularization and application prospect.


Basic brown G was treated by aluminum-carbon microelectrolysis,and the effects of wastewater pH,aeration time,ratio of aluminum to carbon were discussed.Results showed that under the conditions of pH=8,HRT=3.5 h,removal of basic brown G can reach 66.4%.This process can enhance the BOD/COD value of the effluent,after treatment,the biodegradability of wastewater was improved.It was proved that alkali wastewater can be treated by microelectrolysis.


This paper presents studies on the detection of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) in patients plasma samples with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) based on AFM imaging of probe/target complexes.


Packet scheduling plays an important role in the asynchronous optical switched networks for node performance. A weighted scheduling algorithm based on the queue length associated with waiting delay was proposed to solve the packet starvation of queue length weighted scheduling for the length variable OPS. The contention is resolved either in wavelength domain by limited range wavelength converters and in time domain by fiber delay lines. The work has contributed with a very powerful scheduling mechanism which reduces resource contention at the asynchronous OPS core nodes and guarantees a reasonable packet delay thanks to its weighted scheduling algorithm based on queue length and waiting delay for variable length OPS network. The scheduler calculates every input ports with N×K virtual output queue (VOQ) weight and schedules the maximal weight queue packets to available output channel. The analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheduling has high throughput and low packet loss ratio.


We demonstrate 2-channels parallel format conversions from the non return-to-zero (NRZ) to the return-to-zero (RZ) by using four-wave-mixing (FWM) in a highly nonlinear fiber. The conversions are based on four-wave-mixing (FWM) effect, operate non return-to-zero (NRZ) data and RZ clock like AND gate switch and output as return-to-zero (RZ) data. Up to two converted data channels as the wavelength spacing between the NRZ signals and the pump is set to 2-nm and 2.4-nm. 2-channel NRZ signals at 10 Gb/s can be converted to the corresponding RZ signals get negative power penalty about 2dB for 2channels.This paper illustrates modulation format conversion NRZ-to-RZ format by using FWM in highly nonlinear fiber with simulation diagrams, output results and eye diagrams.


The invention discloses a die for casting a crankcase. The die for casting the crankcase comprises an outer die, an inner cavity and a bearing pedestal, wherein the outer die is enclosed by metal side dies and a metal bottom die; the inner cavity is formed by a main body core and an insert; preferably, the metal bottom die has a multi-boss structure; the inserts are commonly positioned through the bottom die and the main body core; and the bearing pedestal is arranged downwards on the bottom die. The invention also discloses a method for casting the crankcase. The method for casting the crankcase comprises the following steps of: enclosing four metal side dies and the metal bottom die to form the outer die; arranging the bearing pedestal downwards on the bottom die; placing the pre-manufactured insert into a positioning groove corresponding to the metal bottom die and placing the main body core to position and fix to manufacture the inner cavity; and casting the crankcase by a turnover gravity casting method. By a device and the method for casting the crankcase disclosed by the invention, finished product ratio and production efficiency are effectively improved in the process of casting a diesel aluminum alloy crankcase, parts of which are embedded with metals with different materials.


The present invention refers to a device for electron beam irradiation of at least a first side (W1) of a web (W), the device comprising a tunnel through which the web (W) is adapted to pass, said tunnel being provided with a web inlet portion (5), a web outlet portion (6) and a central portion adapted to receive at least a first electron beam emitter (2) provided with an electron exit window (21) through which electrons are adapted to be emitted into the tunnel. The tunnel is being angled at at least two locations in each of the inlet portion (5) and the outlet portion (6) in such a way that any X-ray formed during the electron beam irradiation of the web (W) is forced to hit the tunnel wall at least twice before exiting the tunnel.


For the past 30 years, there has been a significant "achievement gap" between the mathematics academic performance of Black and White students. This "achievement gap," has been used to validate deficit thinking frameworks and portray Black students as unmotivated and deviant. This study suggests that it is necessary to change the national conversation of the achievement gap to one that Milner (2012) refers to as the opportunity gap. Using the stories of Black high school students' experiences in the mathematics classroom, this dissertation displays the various opportunity gaps that Black students experience within the classroom. This study utilizes qualitative research approaches, documenting the experiences of Black high school students through interviews and focus group discussions. A total of 23 students participated in the study, and the stories of 11 students are included in this dissertation. The voices of the Black students within the study, lead to the development of three interpretative themes: race matters, teacher care, and the impersonal nature of the mathematics classroom. Race matters describe the difficulties and challenges that students face in racialized educational environments, including the difficulty of defining what it means to be Black. Teacher care examines the critical role that teachers play in developing a learning environment that promotes achievement. The impersonal nature of the mathematics classroom explores the lack of connection that students have with mathematics. The result of this study not only challenges the validity of the "achievement gap," it implores educators to critically examine their personal biases and the potential influence of these biases on students' academic performance. Moreover, this study provides an alternative perspective to understand students' negative classroom behavior. Additionally, this study


The Roller-Quadrotor is a novel quadrotor that combines the maneuverability of aerial drones with the endurance of ground vehicles. This work focuses on the design, modeling, and experimental validation of the Roller-Quadrotor. Flight capabilities are achieved through a quadrotor configuration, with four thrust-providing actuators. Additionally, rolling motion is facilitated by a unicycle-driven and rotor-assisted turning structure. By utilizing terrestrial locomotion, the vehicle can overcome rolling and turning resistance, thereby conserving energy compared to its flight mode. This innovative approach not only tackles the inherent challenges of traditional rotorcraft but also enables the vehicle to navigate through narrow gaps and overcome obstacles by taking advantage of its aerial mobility. We develop comprehensive models and controllers for the Roller-Quadrotor and validate their performance through experiments. The results demonstrate its seamless transition between aerial and terrestrial locomotion, as well as its ability to safely navigate through gaps half the size of its diameter. Moreover, the terrestrial range of the vehicle is approximately 2.8 times greater, while the operating time is about 41.2 times longer compared to its aerial capabilities. These findings underscore the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed structure and control mechanisms for efficient navigation through challenging terrains while conserving energy.


In this study, the effect of the reaction kinetics of sulphite oxidation on the experimentally observed volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa in a stirred tank under non-pressurized and pressurized conditions, has been investigated. In contradiction to the assumptions made by many authors, it cannot be assumed that the oxygen concentration in the sulphite solution is at zero level. Neglecting the dissolved oxygen concentration leads to a systematic underestimation of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient especially at higher oxygen transfer rates. Additionally, if the sulphite oxidation methodology is applied under pressurized conditions an increase of the oxygen partial pressure can result in a chemical enhancement of the absorption process and therefore, in a rise of the observed volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa. If the kinetics of the sulphite oxidation reaction are known these errors can easily be calculated. Consequently it is recommended that the reaction rate constant k2 is measured prior to mass transfer experiments.


Terminology is important, but like mercury, it's slippery. The term "media industry" covers a huge slice of territory ranging over print, sound, screen, and digital bits in space, in venues as various as corporate communications, advertising, websites, novels, films, recordings, and music being shared person to person on the Internet. Its academic sites of study are just as various; media industry scholars can be found in departments of journalism, mass communications, film, English, art, theater, business, law, cultural studies, area and ethnic studies, music, anthropology, and many more. But, in the United States, the most extended and well-established body of work examining the function of the media industry in its most popular and widely disseminated forms has arisen around the "sound and screen" media: radio, television, and film, now extending to new digital venues such as the web, DVDs, and digital production. This is a relatively new and indeterminate field marked more by what it excludes (or by what has been excluded) than by grounded inclusions. Typically it refers to those texts and practices that are not included in the study of literature, art, music, and drama as they have been structured in the academy over the last hundred years or so: namely, the Johnny-come-lately communicative arts, until recently tainted by an association with both machines and the masses, which by the humanities standards of an earlier time disqualified such pursuits as debased and anti-individual, fodder for sociologists rather than critics or historians. Over the last half of the twentieth century, however, the admission of these technologically driven, industrially based, mass-produced expressive forms to the purviews of academic study has called into being a radically different conception of the entire process of creative production and reception. Scholarly study of media industries required a re-theorization of the task of the humanities scholar and a rethinking of the ways that we understand and analyze culture more generally in the postmodern world. A media industries focus points directly to those aspects of cultural production in the twentieth century and beyond that most trouble the humanitiesoriented categories of coherence and analysis so central to our understanding of culture itself: the author, the text, the reader. These categories, exploded by Foucault and other postmodern theorists some 30 years ago, linger on in our modes of analysis even as we recognize their extreme fragility in the way that culture is produced and consumed. The media of radio, popular music, television, and film refuse to conform to comfortable analytical paradigms. They refute essentialization, require many components and participants, blur creative lines, stretch the boundaries of expressive forms, transgress aesthetic standards, cross over cultural borders, break down disciplined reception, muddy


As a major province of marine economy and marine science and technology, Shandong has always attached great importance to the development of the marine industry, and has made remarkable and outstanding achievements in recent years, but there is still a certain gap between the goal of building a strong marine province. This paper investigated and analyzed how did supercomputing technology promote the development of ocean big data and information industry in Shandong Province. Finally, according to the problems facing today, we proposed corresponding strategies with a view to providing a valuable reference for relevant departments in making scientific decisions.


This study investigated the effect of electronic banking and performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMSE) in Nigeria between the periods of 19812018. The data used were resourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin 2018. The variables were the performance of small and medium scale enterprises as the dependent variable, while Automated Teller Machine,(ATM), Point of Sales (POS) and Mobility of Payment (MOP) as the independent variables. The study employed unit root test, to determine the stationarity of the variables, co-integration approach to determine the long run equilibrium relationship of the variables and Error Correction Model (ECM) to determine the speed of adjustment. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method of data analysis was adopted. From the model it was conclude that electronic banking has a positive significant effect on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises. The study found that point of sales has positive significant effect on the performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMSE) in Nigeria, Automated Teller Machine (ATM) has positive significant effect on the performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMSE) in Nigeria. The study recommends that the number of Automated Teller Machines (ATM) should be Increase especially in the unbanked rural areas to ensure their financial inclusion and financial accessibility. The number of outlets offering point of sale (POS) device should be increase to support their economic activities.


The aim of this paper is to present the complete modeling and simulation of a grid-connected brushless doubly fed induction generator (BDFG) for variable wind energy conversion is used to assess a maximum power point tracking MPPT strategy for different velocities. The decoupling control of active and reactive powers for BDFG has been developed using PI controllers. The performance of proposed stator power winding flux oriented vector control is examined. The complete system is simulated in the Matlab/Simulink environment and the computer simulation results obtained confirm the effectiveness and validity of MPPT strategy.


In this paper, a potential threat to reliability of Software Defined Networking (SDN) is disclosed: the cascading failures of controllers. Current SDN designs have widely utilized multiple controllers and the load of a failed controller can be redistributed to the other controllers. However, simply utilizing multiple controllers cannot protect SDN networks from a single point of failure: the load of the controllers which carry the load of the failed controller can exceed the capacity of them, and then cascading failures of controllers will happen. In this article, at first we propose a model for such failures and present simulation results based on the model. Strategies for initial load balance and load redistribution after failure are designed to prevent such failures. The simulation result shows the strategies can significantly increase the resistance of SDN networks to cascading failures.


Most recent observations from the James Webb space telescope (JWST) have shown by highly resolved infrared observations of highest sensitivity that structure formation in the universe into the forms of early galaxies has already taken place at cosmic times less than 0.6 Gigayears after the Big-Bang. This is taken up with a big surprise in the whole astronomic community, though, as it seems, it could have been predicted from simple theoretical considerations. In this article, we are demonstrating that this result already would have clearly come out from theoretical considerations of gravitational structure formation processes in the early expanding universe just after the cosmic matter recombination period. While, however, it can be easily understood how matter structures of the order of 108 solar masses could evolve in the cosmic meantime, it nevertheless remains obscure, how galaxies of the type of the Milky way or more massive structures with 1011 or more solar masses can have evolved up to the present cosmic days without some not yet specified collapse-accelerating processes.


. The paper describes the basic radar signal parameters with a special taking into consideration the inter-pulse modulation. The examination was concentrated on determining the correlation between radar application and the specific structure of its parameters. The methods of pattern class creation have been presented for the needs of the database in the emitter recognition system. The results of real data measured from radar of different applications are presented in a few figures.


AbstractThe use of cement as curing agent to increase the strength of soft ground and reduce the deformation of soft soils has been widely adopted in soft soil engineering. The cemented soil is eve...


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) which is proposed in the late 1990s have received unprecedented attention, because of their exciting potential applications in military, industrial, and civilian areas (e.g., environmental and habitat monitoring). Although WSNs have become more and more prospective in human life with the development of hardware and communication technologies, there are some natural limitations of WSNs (e.g., network connectivity, network lifetime) due to the static network style in WSNs. Moreover, more and more application scenarios require the sensors in WSNs to be mobile rather than static so as to make traditional applications in WSNs become smarter and enable some new applications. All this induce the mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs) which can greatly promote the development and application of WSNs. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is not a comprehensive survey about the communication and data management issues in MWSNs. In this paper,focusing on researching the communication issues and data management issues in MWSNs, we discuss different research methods regarding communication and data management in MWSNs and propose some further open research areas in MWSNs.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Intent-based Networking (IBN) has emerged as an innovative approach to automate the provisioning of network services while abstracting the details of the underlying infrastructure and simplifying the interaction between the users and the network. In this paper, we present an intent-based framework that allows for the deployment of SDN-based and QoS-aware network slices. The main objective of the work is to describe the role of artificial intelligence techniques such as Natural Language Processing (NLP) and user profiling in helping non-expert users easily interact with the IBN system and express their desired operational goals. Such innovative solutions offer a customized support to the users to improve their Quality of Experience (QoE) while increasing the automation in the network configuration process.


THEL optical systemn of the instrtument comprises a straight spiral filament (the source of illumination), a double plano-convex condenser, modifying slides, a focusing lens, and a mirror, with a supplementary lens and alternative mirror for special purposes. As an ophthalmoscope, the light from the filament is rendered parallel by the condenser and falls upon a platform which carries two channels to receive the mnodifying slides. The largest aperture available selects a parallel pencil of ray.s smaller in diameter than the narrower tube which it then enters; in this way the tube reflections have been eliminated. The focusing lens is to be placed at its focal dlistance from the platform, a position indicated by a mark on the instrument. The filament is now brought to a focus at the mouth of the tube below the mirror, and the rays from the modifying slide made parallel. The optical system is slightly decentred, so that the beam falls just off the aperture in the mirror silvering, and as it has only just passed its focus, it is small enough to do this withoout loss. In an emmetropic eye, the parallel rays from the platform are foctised on the fundus as a slharp circle, while the virtual source of illumination (the filament image) is at or near the anterior focal point of the eye. This makes it impossible for the patient to focus the filament on his retina and prevents him from being dazzled, in spite of the luminosity employed. The sharp circle on the fundus is lit evenly by a beam almost parallel, and slight opacities in the media offer surprisingly little hindrance. In ametropia a movement of the focusing lens suitably adapts the beam. The "corneal reflex" is weak and easily avoided; there are several reasons for this. In the pupillary area the reflected image is formed by the parallel rays from the slide which is a hole, and hence causes no interference wlhatever. The filament imagethe virtual source of light-is so near the cornea that its reflex is situated immediately behind the posterior corneal surface where it is easily avoided hb parallax, and the reflected rays are so divergent that only a few pass through the sight hole to the observer's eye. Equally, the rays from the virtual source are highly divergent, only a few entering the mirror hole: no haze is noticeable even when the instrument is in use as a retinoscope. For retinoscopy, a one millimetre hole-a virtual point sourceor a half-millimetre slit is used in conjunction with a ground glass on which the light from the bulb is evenly concentrated to provide coright.


A field experiment was conducted at North Nile Delta, Kafr El-Shiek Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate the effect of distance from drain line and land leveling on some soil physio-chemical properties, yields and N-uptake for sugar beet and wheat crops. Results indicated that the drop of water table level was faster above the drain than between the drains. Mean values of water table depth were 88, 65 and 52cm for above drain, 1/4 and 1/2 distance from drain line, respectively, under sugar beet plant. The corresponding values under wheat plant were 90, 66 and 55cm. The effect of distance from drain on soil salinity and sodcity are more pronounced in above drain. The reduction of soil salinity above drain were 0.89 and 1.60 dS/m under beet, and were 0.91 and 1.32 dS/m under wheat than 1/4 and 1/2 distance from drain, respectively. The corresponding values of ESP were 1.9 and 2.88 with beet and 2.41 and 3.31 with wheat, respectively. Laser land leveling not realized different for soil salinity and sodcity. Soil bulk density above the drains was lower than that between drains. Mean values of bulk density under sugar beet were 1.18, 1.25 and 1.29 gcm -3 for above drain, 1/4 and 1/2 distance from drain, respectively. The corresponding values were 1.20, 1.28 and 1.31 gcm -3 under wheat plant. Laser land leveling caused increase of soil bulk density than traditional leveling by 6.06 and 5.79% for beet and wheat, respectively. Infiltration rate and Hydraulic conductivity (K) above the drain line were higher than between drains. Basic IR values were 1.08, 0.91 and 0.77 cm h -1 under beet and 1.18, 0.89 and 0.75 cm h -1 under wheat for above drain, 1/4 and 1/2 distances from drain line, respectively. Laser land leveling led to reduce IR and K. Basic IR values were 0.55 and 0.78 cm h -1 with beet and 0.51 and 0.76 cm h -1 with wheat, for laser and traditional leveling, respectively. Laser land leveling led to decrease K by 1.6 and 1.9 cmday -1 for beet and wheat, respectively. QDP and SDP were higher above the drain and gradually decreased towards the midway between drains while, FCP were lower near the drains and increased far from the drains. Mean values of QDP, SDP and FCP were 13.16, 14.85 and 19.59%, respectively with above drains. The corresponding values, respectively were 9.93, 11.44 and 27.69% with 1/2 distances from drains. Laser leveling realized decrease for QDP, SDP and WHP and increase in FCP. The mean values of QDP, SDP and WHP were 8.80, 10.20 and 20.00% with laser land leveling and were 10.00, 11.70 and 22.31%, respectively with traditional leveling. FCP under laser leveling were higher than traditional leveling by 11.69%. Sugar beet and wheat yields were reduced far from drain line than above drain line. The average root yield of beet being 34.01, 32.02 and 31.24 tonfed -1 for above drain line, 1/4 and 1/2 distance from drain line, respectively. The corresponding values of wheat grain yield were 3.00, 2.76 and 2.52 ton fed -1 , respectively. Laser land leveling were reduced root of sugar beet yield by 2.51 tonfed -1 compared to traditional leveling. While, laser land leveling were increased wheat grain yield by 16.95 % than traditional leveling. Gross sugar yield were higher above drain line by 0.36 and 0.53 tonfed -1 than 1/4 and 1/2 distances from drain line, respectively. Gross sugar yield was lower with laser land leveling than traditional land leveling by 0.49 ton fed -1 . N-


Per-flow unfairness of TCP throughput in the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN) environment has been reported in past literature. A number of researchers have proposed various methods for alleviating the unfairness; most require modification of MAC protocols or queue management mechanisms in access points. However, the MAC protocols of access points are generally implemented at hardware level, so changing these protocols is costly. As the first contribution of this paper, we propose a transport-layer solution for alleviating unfairness among TCP flows, requiring a small modification to TCP congestion control mechanisms only on WLAN stations. In the past literature on fairness issues in the Internet flows, the performance of the proposed solutions for alleviating the unfairness has been evaluated separately from the network bandwidth utilization, meaning that they did not consider the trade-off relationships between fairness and bandwidth utilization. Therefore, as the second contribution of this paper, we introduce a novel performance metric for evaluating trade-off relationships between per-flow fairness and bandwidth utilization at the network bottleneck. We confirm the fundamental characteristics of the proposed method through simulation experiments and evaluate the performance of the proposed method through experiments in real WLAN environments. We show that the proposed method can achieve better a trade-off between fairness and bandwidth utilization, regardless of vendor implementations of wireless access points and wireless interface cards.


Focusing on the role of an intermediary, we consider the choice of export mode (i.e., direct vs. indirect exports) by a manufacturer. We also examine the effect of "learning-by-exporting," which implies that a manufacturer using an intermediary in a previous period is likely to export directly in a subsequent period.


During the American Civil War, contemporary accounts describe a peculiar luminescence phenomenon associated with untreated injuries sustained by fallen troops after the Battle of Shiloh (6-7 April 1862). While not experienced by all soldiers, field surgeons observed that the glow was somehow linked to reduced rates of wound infection and better outcomes. Given the wet springtime weather and unsheltered overnight conditions of the injured, it is plausible that some lacerations or punctures were incidentally infected with microscopic contaminants, including common soil nematodes. One endemic group likely present on riverbank groundcover is fam. Heterorhabditidae, a symbiotic host to Photorhabdus luminescens. Classified within the Morganellaceae, this Gram-negative pathogen is characterized by its unusual life cycle. With particular relevance to Shiloh, this sequence includes a blue-green phosphorescence phase accompanied by release of protein toxins having local antibiotic properties. Here, natural progression of this microbe from nematode symbiont to lethal secondary insect parasite lodged in an unclean wound is considered. Photorhabdus life-cycle is discussed as a component of the Martin-Curtis Hypothesis (2001), with new information on fluorophore isolation and recent genomic sequencing data. The Shiloh campaign is also placed within the context of the larger Western Theatre, noting that the engagement marked the heaviest Civil War casualty toll up to that point.


Regulation of gene expression is a vital process in the formation of rice allelopathy. In this study, allelopathic rice PI312777(Oryza sativa L.) was modified by RNA interference(RNAi) and overexpression(OE) technologies to inhibit or enhance gene expression of Os MYB(CT829537) in PI312777 respectively. The results showed that up-regulation of phenolic synthesis related genes was found in CT829537-OE transgenic PI312777 co-cultured with barnyardgrass(BYG), compared with that in wild type. However, the reverse was true in the CT829537-RNAi transgenic PI312777. Up-regulation of the gene expression in CT829537-OE transgenic PI312777 increased phenolic acids contents in rice root and root exudates, which led to enhance allelopathic inhibition on barnyardgrass. In contrast, decreases of phenolic acids contents and weed inhibition were found in CT829537-RNAi transgenic PI312777. These results implied that CT829537 is responsible for regulating phenolic synthesis in allelopathic rice PI312777 and then enhances allelopathic inhibition on weeds.


Objective To describe acupuncture,cervical vertigo treated by comprehensive therapy. Methods The treatment group: Acupuncture with Fengchi,Hua Tuo Jiaji acupoints with moxibustion Baihui; The comparison group: Sibelium 5 mgpo daily morning and evening,10d for 1 course,3 consecutive courses. Results The treatment group is better than the comparison group.Conclusion Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy for cervical vertigo with good effect.


Scientific evidence stresses that more walkable neighborhoods are linked to increased physical activity. Walking Suitability Index of the territory (T-WSI) is an easy method, already validated, to evaluate the walkability on the basis of direct observation. Aim of the study is to compare the walkability indices obtained in three urban neighborhoods of the city of Rome in 2009 and 2019, to evaluate whether the urban redevelopment interventions, performed in the decade, do really promote walkability.

 An audit, through T-WSI, is carried out for each street of a neighborhood. T-WSI audit evaluates 12 indicators subdivided into 4 categories: practicability, safety, urbanity, pleasurableness. The weighted analysis of these indicators gives an overall score of the actual usability of the neighborhood. In this study, 2 different trained surveyors, evaluated T-WSI in three neighborhoods of Rome (San Saba, Sacco Pastore and Tufello-Val Melaina), which differ in socio-economic conditions. Average scores have been compared using t-student.

 A considerable improvement was observed in the Sacco Pastore neighborhood final weighted scores (T-WSI scores: from 53.6 in 2009 to 68.3 in 2019, with an increase of 14.7% (p < 0.005). All categories improved, although Safety (T-WSI scores: from 35.0 to 59.3; increase of 24.3% - p < 0.005) and Pleasurableness (T-WSI scores: from 48.5 to 61.4; increase of 12.9% - p < 0.005) show the greatest improvements. It is mainly due to redevelopment works carried out in the neighborhood in the last 10 years, mainly aimed to increase citizen's perceived safety (e.g. signs, crossing protection devices, traffic lights, greenery management) and to remove architectural barriers.

 The results show T-WSI is a useful tool in order to measure the effectiveness of the interventions already realized at local level, but it could also contribute to making decisions to develop regeneration projects for degraded areas of the cities.

 Physical Activity must become a priority and part of a daily routine. Healthy cities, healthy people.


The high rate of infants mortality, particularly children age 1 to 5 years, 30% of it is reported to happen due lack of nutritional status. This study aims to analyze several potential factors influence the nutritional status of children. This research is an analytical survey study with cross sectional approach. The data was collected using questionnaires with anthropometrical measurement, in which the sample was taken by quota sampling technique. The study was conducted from June to July 2017 to 99 mothers of 1 to 5 year kids at Sei Pancur Health Centre of Batam. Further, the data then was analyzed using Chi Square statistical test. The result dismantles 81.8% mothers have good knowledge level on children nutritional status, besides, it is also found 54.5% mothers have low economic status, 39.4% have more than 2 children in family, and 65.7% get their children nutrition fulfilled. On the other hand, the Chi Square test issues the correlation of mother's knowledge level with p=0.02, the economic status with p=0.03, and the number of kids owned with p= 0.02 to the nutritional status of their under-five years children. Therefore, it can be concluded that the factors like mothers' knowledge level, number of newborns, as well as the economic status of the family contribute noticeable impacts to the children age 1 to 5 years nutritional status at Sei Pancur Health Centre of Batam City. At last, it is expected that the health centre personnel to routinely check the baby body weight as well as to give vitamins regularly as the nourishment needed for the children to grow.


FIELD: power engineering. SUBSTANCE: at least one of many mixing holes is a mixing hole, dimensions and location of which interfere with penetration of a liquid medium flow into the primary mixing zone located in the head end of the combustion chamber. During realisation of the method for improvement of fuel and air mixture homogeneity in a combustion chamber, obstacles are created on the way of the liquid medium flow penetration from at least one of may mixing holes into a fuel flow and the primary mixing zone of the combustion chamber head end. Liquid medium flow penetrates by at least 100%, but not by more than 165%, into the primary mixing zone. The liquid medium flow penetrating by more than 100% passes radially outside from the central body of the combustion chamber towards a cartridge. Multiple mixing holes are limited with a cartridge made in the combustion chamber, and interference is developed by giving specified diametre to multiple mixing holes and arrangement of many mixing holes along the cartridge in at least one of specified positions and in the specified quantity. EFFECT: improved homogeneity of fuel and air mixture in a combustion chamber. 11 cl, 18 dwg


The caudal neurosecretory system of the blueback herring, Pomolobus aestivalis, captured in freshwater, was examined. Neurosecretory cells were identified readily in terminal spinal cord segments. The axonal processes of these neurosecretory cells formed a discrete, ventrally placed bundle which terminated in a conspicuous ventral enlargement from the filum terminale. This enlargement comprises the neurohaemal contact zone or urophysis. The neurosecretory terminals were engorged with secretory granules in these fishes from a freshwater environment.


In the present paper, we will derive the Liouville theorem and the finite dimension theorem for polynomial growth harmonic functions defined on Alexandrov spaces with nonnegative Ricci curvature in the sense of Kuwae-Shioya and Sturm-Lott-Villani.


AIM:To investigate the expression level of transcriptional factor Elf-1 in mononuclear cells,CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from umbilical cord blood (UCB). METHODS: Real-time PCR with SYBR green I technique was used for detecting the Elf-1 expression in mononuclear cells,sorted CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from 12 cases of umbilical cord blood. The relative mRNA expression level of Elf-1 was analyzed by a formula of 2-△Ct×100%. The expression level of β2-microglobulin gene (β2M) was used as an endogenous reference. The peripheral blood from 10 cases of healthy adults was served as control. RESULTS: Elf-1 mRNA expressed in all blood samples collected from both UCB and healthy adults. The expression level showed apparent diversity in different individuals. The relative mRNA expression of Elf-1 in both mononuclear cells (18.55%±2.48%) and CD8+T cells (3.52%±0.45%) from UCB were significantly higher than those from healthy adults (9.16%±1.92%,2.02%±0.27%,respectively,P0.01,P0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of Elf-1 expression level from umbilical cord blood indicate that the over-expression of Elf-1 gene in mononuclear cells and CD8+ T cells might be one of the features of T cell immune state in umbilical cord blood.


This paper is the second part of a study on the European Energy Union formation on the energy market in Romania. This second analysis refers to the natural gas market. The author addresses the issue of security of gas supplies to EU countries, dependence on one supplier and the difference in gas import price. A more detailed analysis will be carried out on the interconnection of natural gas markets in the European Union and Romania. Finally highlights the main effects which these interconnections generates gas on the domestic market.


[Bibliotherapy in working with children from integrative schools] The article deals with the subject of disabled children attending schools with integrative classes. The author, having analysed the results of a survey conducted in this type of schools, selected a representative group of disabled pupils, who attended a series of bibliotherapeutic meetings. These sessions aimed at changing the attitude of the participants to the surrounding reality and at making them open to other people. The pupils attended the classes willingly and shared their problems with others. After the series of meetings another survey was conducted among the participants in order to examine the effects of the sessions. The author analyses the changes in attitude of the disabled pupils by comparing the results of the two surveys and presents the conclusions in descriptive and graphic forms. Considering the short time and the small number of meetings, the attitudes of the participants have changed only to a small extent. However, the changes that have occurred allow to formulate an important thesis, namely that bibliotherapy is recommended in integrative institutions since it is interesting for the pupils and helps them change their outlook on the surrounding world. The author states that, owing to the form of sessions and the value of reading appropriately selected texts, bibliotherapy should be necessarily introduced to educational institutions as its application brings the expected results.


The paper discusses formation of organizational culture in reformed department in a system of law-enforcement bodies. The author investigates key parameters of reproduction of mechanisms of corporate interaction in this law-enforcement institution.


Modeling and Simnon simulation analysis of an industrial mixer motor/drive system has been done during voltage sags. A novel ride-through compensation scheme for an industrial mixer motor/drive system is presented during voltage sags. From d-q dynamic model of the electrical and mechanical processes, Simnon simulation equations are derived. A ride-through compensation scheme which exploits the surplus energy stored in the DC-link capacitor is introduced. Both compensated and uncompensated cases have been simulated.


Chinese society has entered a numerous sound hubbubs period since the 1990's.Under the converging attack of the popular literature and governmental ideology,the intellectuals have produced a suspicion to their roles and importance.Under such historical background,"Wild Grass" is just as a spiritual banner flaunting on the spirit position."Wild Grass" is full of the critical thoughts that never compromises to authorities,and the question to the ultimate value in life and survival significance.It showed the lofty spirit of a modern intellectual,and stimulated every conscientious intellectual to participate in the course of history,to undertake responsibility,and to persist in spiritual pursuit.


The heteroenergetic emission of β particles from radioactive materials may be modified for the more favourable treatment of superficial disease. In this study the β particles emitted by a strontium 90 source within an angle of 80 deg. were screened and redirected by a magnetic selector. The output consisted of a broad field of electrons moving in about the same direction and with a selected range of energies controllable by the magnetic field. The distribution of ionization in depth of tissue produced by the highest energy band, 1·4 to 2·1 MeV, was similar to that produced by monoenergetic 1·6 MeV electrons.


LOCALIZED dermatomycosis involving limited areas of the skin, especially of the feet, is one of the commonest cutaneous diseases. Statistics indicate that in the United States the incidence of fungous infections of the feet in large cities reaches 30 to 90 per cent of the adult population, with a higher incidence in the southern than in the northern part of the country. In spite of this high incidence, cases of more generalized dermatomycoses, affecting large areas of the skin of the trunk and of the extremities, are relatively rare. In general the widespread eruptions are caused by the same species of fungi which are responsible for the more localized forms. Unusually extensive involvement of the skin may be due to several factors, which may include either an exceptional vitality and pathogenicity of a particular strain of fungus or an abnormality of the skin itself which makes it an especially favorable


Background. Currently, there are many studies on the evaluation of the results of surgical intervention and the comparative analysis of various surgical techniques for treating children with congenital spinal deformities. However, there is no consensus regarding the choice of surgical access to the abnormal vertebra that considers the duration of surgery, the volume of intraoperative blood loss, the degree of correction achieved during the intervention, the length of metal fixation, and the preservation of the result in the long-term observation period. Aim. The goal is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the dorsal and combined approaches to the surgical treatment of preschool children with congenital deformities of the thoracic and lumbar spine against the background of an isolated violation of the vertebral formation. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 56 patients under the age of five with congenital spinal deformities and a history of an isolated hemivertebra in the thoracic and lumbar regions who underwent one-stage hemivertebral extrusion from a dorsal approach (1 st group: n = 30) or from a combined approach (2 nd group: n = 26) was conducted. Results. All patients showed improvement in the sagittal and frontal profiles of the spine. However, during separation in the first group of patients, a progression of the kyphotic component of the deformity in the lumbar spine from −19° to −8° was noted, while the correction value of the curvature of the scoliotic component remained stable. Intraoperative blood loss in the first group of patients was less (234 mL) compared with that in the second group (319 mL), while the duration of surgery was longer (310 min and 185 min, respectively). On average, in the first group, a longer metal structure was used to correct the spinal deformity compared with the second group. Conclusions. The correction of the patients' congenital spinal deformities with a single hemivertebra from a combined access approach allows a complete correction of the congenital curvature, the fixation of a smaller number of vertebrae, and the maintenance of a stable result in the long-term observation period compared with the dorsal approach. Isolated dorsal access to the hemivertebral body is characterized by less intraoperative blood loss compared with the combined approach, although the length of surgical intervention is increased.


A small-scale testwork program was carried out in order to investigate certain aspects of thermal extraction of magnesium at atmospheric pressure. Two series of tests were performed in a 100kVA DC open-arc furnace using dolime or magnesia as the sources of magnesium. In the first series of tests, magnesia-based recipes were charged into the furnace at a rate of about 3.5 to 4.0kg/h and at temperatures of 1705 to 1872 0 C. Depending on the feed mix, nearly 30 to 40 per cent of the contained magnesium reported to the gas phase, leaving a slag analyzing about 55 to 61 per cent MgO. In the second series of tests, dolime-based feed recipes were reacted at temperatures between 1690 and 1720 0 C and at a feed rate of about 5.8kg/h. Depending on the feed


The Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) therapy that has evolved as a standard of care for stage IV and III is now moving into the early stages. Three studies on ICI-induction therapy in early or locally advanced NSCLC (stages II and III) were presented at ASCO.


Today, there exist many centrality measures for assessing the importance of nodes in a network as a function of their position and the underlying topology. One class of such measures builds on eigenvector centrality, where the importance of a node is derived from the importance of its neighboring nodes. For directed and weighted complex networks, where the nodes can carry some intrinsic property value, there have been centrality measures proposed that are variants of eigenvector centrality. However, these expressions all suffer from shortcomings. Here, an extension of such centrality measures is presented that remedies all previously encountered issues. While similar improved centrality measures have been proposed as algorithmic recipes, the novel quantity that is presented here is a purely analytical expression, only utilizing the adjacency matrix and the vector of node values. The derivation of the new centrality measure is motivated in detail. Specifically, the centrality itself is ideal for the analysis of directed and weighted networks (with node properties) displaying a bow-tie topology. The novel bow-tie centrality is then computed for a unique and extensive real-world dataset, coming from economics. It is shown how the bow-tie centrality assesses the relevance of nodes similarly to other eigenvector centrality measures, while not being plagued by their drawbacks in the presence of cycles in the network.


Hydrosilylated calix[4]arene and hydrosilylated calix[6]arene were prepared through a two-step derivatization reaction including allylation and hydrosilylation at the upper rim of calix[4]arene and calix[6]arene.These two kinds of hydrosilylated calixarene derivative were successfully grafted onto the ultrafine silica surface.The ability of the two kinds of calixarene derivatives grafted on ultrafine silica to extract hydrated Cu2+ and Ag+ was studied under different pH conditions.The results show that the extraction ability of the two kinds of calixarene grafted on ultrafine silica for Cu2+ and Ag+ was higher than that of p-tert-butylcalixarene.Maximum extraction percentage of the calix[4]arene grafted on ultrafine silica for silver ion was up to 98.78%,and that of the calix[6]arene grafted on ultrafine silica for cupric ion was 67.74%.


Nowadays,there are not so much study on arbitration proof system of China,but many problems in the proof system can be found with the combination of comparison of arbitration proof system among different countries and the analysis of the current laws and regulations.Therefore,how to solve these problems is quite important for the development of China's arbitration proof system.


Introduction: The primitive lunar picritic magmas are not saturated with pyroxene and ilmenite at their liquidi at pressures below multi-saturation. Once segregated from their source regions, the picritic magmas will have a strong tendency to interact, both thermally and chemically, with their surrounding lunar mantle at shallower depth [1,2]. Such thermochemical interaction between a through-going magma and its surrounding mantle is referred to as melt-rock reaction. The processes of melt-rock reaction during basaltic magma transport in the Earth's mantle are relatively well understood. They involve preferential dissolution of pyroxene and precipitation of olivine, as olivine normative basalts percolate through a harzburgite or lherzolite matrix [3-5]. Evidences of melt migration and melt-rock reaction in the Earth's upper mantle were preserved in the mantle section of ophiolites where tabular to elongated dunite bodies formed by reactive dissolution of harzburgite or lherzolite are exposed [3]. Melt-rock reaction will inevitably lead to assimilation that can significantly modify the through-going melt composition. Assimilation has been called upon in several occasions to explain the high Ti content of some lunar picritic glasses. It has been suggested that assimilation of ilmenite-bearing late cumulates (and KREEP) or even armalcolite to the low Ti primary magmas at shallow levels can produce the high Ti magmas observed on the lunar surface [6-11]. Nevertheless, the processes that gave rise to assimilation in the lunar mantle are still not well understood, in part because the mineralogy of the lunar mantle is not well constrained. In a companion study, we determined the thermodynamic stability of ilmenite and armalcolite in a dunite and a harzburgite in the context of lunar cumulate overturn [12]. We have shown that subsolidus ilmenite and olivine mixture (ilmenite-bearing dunite) is stable over a wide range of temperatures (T) and pressures (P), whereas armalcoite-bearing harzburgite is more stable than ilmenite-bearing harzburgite at pressures less than 1.4 GPa. This raises an important question: is assimilation of armalcolite, instead of ilmenite, in the shallow lunar mantle feasible? And if so, what are the consequences and mechanisms of armalcolite and ilmenite assimilation during melt transport and meltrock reaction in the lunar mantle? Experiments: In order to better understand the processes of assimilation and melt-rock reaction during magma transport in the lunar mantle, we conducted a serious of dissolution experiments using dissolution couples formed by juxtaposing a presynthesized armalcolite-bearing or ilmenite-bearing harzburgite against a pre-synthesized Apollo 15 yellow glass in either Ni or C-Pt-Mo capsules. Dissolution experiments were conducted at 12501350°C and 1 GPa. Starting compositions and experimental procedures were described in [1,4,5,12].


The East Siberian Sea basin (ESSB) is the largest part of the Siberian Arctic shelf, extending for over 1000 km from New Siberian Islands archipelago to Wrangel Island. Nowadays East Siberian Sea margin is considered as a region with probable high petroleum potential. This part of Russian Arctic shelf is the least studied. The major problems in geological investigation of East Siberian Sea shelf are absence of deep wells in area and low seismic exploration maturity. Only general conclusions on its geology and hydrocarbon systems can be drawn based on limited seismic, gravity and magnetic data, supported by projection of onshore geological data to offshore. So, that's why now only complex geological and seismic stratigraphy interpretations are provided. Today we have several concepts and can summarize the tectonic history of the basin. The basin is filled with siliclastic sediments. In the deepest depocentres sediments thickness exceed 8 km in average.


Thermosonic flip chip (TSFC) bonding technology has become a developing area of chip packaging technology due to its advantages of low bonding temperature and bonding pressure. To explore the appropriate bonding parameters and to understand the relationship between each parameter and the stress/strain at the bonding interface, bonding tests were carried out, and then, simulated orthogonal tests were conducted using the finite element model (FEM). The bonding test results show that the initial position of the bumps does not affect the strength after bonding, but an unreasonable selection of bonding pressure and ultrasonic parameters can lead to different degrees of cracks at the bonding interface after bonding and destroy the bonding strength. Simulation results show that the order of influence of the three bonding parameters on von Mises stress/(shear stress) is: bonding pressure <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ultrasonic amplitude <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bonding temperature/(ultrasonic amplitude <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bonding temperature <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bonding pressure). Based on the simulation results, a multivariate nonlinear regression model between von Mises stress/shear stress and bonding parameters was constructed. Some recommendations for the selection of bonding parameters are given: 1) the bonding pressure was selected in the range of 9–11 MPa; 2) the bonding temperature was chosen to be less than 200 °C; and 3) the ultrasonic amplitude was <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.1 \mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (power about 22 W). At the same time, the ultrasonic power can be increased by increasing the ultrasonic frequency to achieve better results in bonding. This study can provide some theoretical basis for the selection of bonding parameters for TSFC bonding.


Abstract : Hermetically sealed variable wirewound resistors were man factured using the equipment and processes described. The design of the sealed variable wound resistor provided that the completed resistor will be insensitive to most environments. Fini hed units were able to withstand such tests as torque, temperature cycling, high temperature exposure, load life, salt spray corrosion, moisture resistance, insulation resistance, low temperature storage, acceleration, shock, and vibration. Most of the equipment used to make these sealed variable resistors was of standard commercial design with special jigs and fixtures attached where needed.


Methods and such as a computer game, processing equipment, will be provided educational toys, phones, or TV remote control, mechanism for supplying the learning ability to have in order to achieve one or more objectives. For example, if processing device is a computer game, you might aim is to match flat the level of the game to that of the player. If the processing device is an educational toy, you might aim is to increase the level of user education. If the processing device is a phone, the objective might be to precede the phone number that would have phone user to the phone. If the processing device is a TV remote control, you might aim is to predict the television channel that would be seen by the user. Action to be carried out on top of the processing equipment (for example, game action, dialogue with the education, is whether to list a phone number, or we list the TV route) one of the plurality of is selected. User input (for example, player behavior, educational input, called the phone number or seen TV channel,,), which shows a user action is received. Has been selected movement and / or the result of user action is determined. For example, a computer in a game of the case, the results might indicate whether across the target object that has been manipulated by computer has been manipulated by the user. Educational toys of cases, the results might indicate whether or not fit to prompt the user behavior is generated by education toys. By telephone of the case, the results might indicate whether or not the phone number that has been a phone call is in the top of the list of phone numbers. In the TV remote control case, the results television channel that was seen might indicate whether or not at the top of the list of TV channels. Then it is up to date on the basis of the result of determination is action probability of distribution, including the probability of values corresponding to the plurality of the action. The following actions will be selected on the basis of it from on to behavioral probability of distribution as of this date. As it learns, the foregoing steps can be modified based on the performance index in order to achieve the purpose of the processing apparatus.


"The Revised TACA Decision — The end of the conflict?"* 1. Introduction On 14 November 2002, the Commission adopted a long-awaited decision granting exemption to those aspects of the revised…


AbstractThe response of the global climate system to Drake Passage (DP) closure is examined using a fully coupled ocean–atmosphere–ice model. Unlike most previous studies, a full three-dimensional atmospheric general circulation model is included with a complete hydrological cycle and a freely evolving wind field, as well as a coupled dynamic–thermodynamic sea ice module. Upon DP closure the initial response is found to be consistent with previous ocean-only and intermediate-complexity climate model studies, with an expansion and invigoration of the Antarctic meridional overturning, along with a slowdown in North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production. This results in a dominance of Southern Ocean poleward geostrophic flow and Antarctic sinking when DP is closed. However, within just a decade of DP closure, the increased southward heat transport has melted back a substantial fraction of Antarctic sea ice. At the same time the polar oceans warm by 4°–6°C on the zonal mean, and the maximum strength of the So...


The research is entitled The Use of Cooking Video to Improve Students' Writing Skill on Procedure Text. Writing is a process of discovering and organizing ideas, putting them on paper and reshaping and revising them. Therefore, the teacher should prepare the media to improve students? writing skill. This paper was aimed to find out the improvement of students? writing skill through cooking video. In this research, the researcher used classroom action research. This research was conducted at SMA Citra Nusa Bogor. The population is 184 students and the researcher took 30 students as a sample. The data were collected using test and observation which were collected during preliminary cycle, cycle-one, and cycle-two. The result of this research shows that cooking video as media is effective in improving the students? writing skill on procedure text. It is indicated by the fact that the average of the test had improved. The average of the test in preliminary cycle was 53, then in cycle-one was 68, and cycle-two was 85. The result of the observation showed there were significant difference between the students? skill, students? participant, and students? interest who were taught by using cooking video and those who were taught before using cooking video. It meant that cooking video could help the students in improving in their skill in writing procedure text. It could also help the teacher to improve the students? participation and interest in writing procedure text.


【Objective】 To explore the effective prevention and nursing measures of nasogastric feeding complication for patients hospitalizing at neurosurgery ICU ward.【Methods】 The nursing data of 48 severe patients with tracheotomy and nasogastric feeding at neurosurgery ICU ward were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were maintained airway patency,fixed properly and monitored the depth of gastric tube to ensure the correct position of nasogastric tube.The gastric residue of the patients was also monitored closely.Nasogastric feeding should be timely with appropriate amount and optimum temperature by slow constant speed.We nursed the casing of air bag and pharynx oralis and turned the body over and gave dorsal knock to patients on time.The pressure ulcer must be prevented for severe cases.It's important to discover and treat correctly regurgitation and aspiration while be given nasogastric feeding,and to record the number of aspiration of patients.【Results】 45 patients did not occur regurgitation.One patient suffered from aspiration pneumonia and two patients without serious complications due to reflux.【Conclusions】 Long-term enteral nutrition support is a key nursing measure for such critical patients staying at neurosurgery ICU ward.It's necessary to maintain correctly nasogastric tube and nurse properly nasogastric feeding and prevent actively reflux in clinical practice.


Organic matter degradation in coastal sediments is an important process during early diagenesis affecting directly the redox condition of the sedimentary st...


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my mentor, Dawn Bowers, for her guidance, sincerity, and generous provision of time. I am grateful for her central role in my academic and professional development. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Hubert Fernandez for his encouragement and the many opportunities he has afforded me. I would like to thank Michael Okun, Kelly Foote, and their colleagues for their certain dedication to the Movement Disorder Center and the care of its patients. Finally, I would like to thank the patients represented in this study for their selfless and enthusiastic contributions to research.


: The construction of portfolios is crucial to attaining stable returns in finance. This experiment will construct portfolios using 20 years of historical price data from well-known firms in industries across the financial market, an equity index, and a proxy for the risk-free rate. This research paper will use the Index Model to establish optimization inputs for calculating portfolios while considering existing regulations and risk aversion. Optimization results of the portfolios will be represented in data and graphical forms and discussed in greater detail. The experiment will then analyze the optimization performance in each situation and obtain the patterns retained for future studies.


By use of strain-gage instrumentation to record impact loads as a function of time, the flexural strength at high strain rates and the energy absorbed in Charpy impact fracture of an alumina were measured. The energy absorption by Al2O3 impact specimens is shown to result principally from elastic mechanical loading. Extraneous energy losses in the Charpy test can easily exceed the magnitude of this mechanical specimen-loading energy and are shown to be inherent sources of error in impact testing of brittle materials.


State Departments of Transportation (DOT) that provide the bulk of matching funds to local transit agencies for the purchase of new buses, are duly concerned about the escalating costs of new buses and the lack of sufficient funds to keep up with their replacement costs. The authors present an asset management framework that can be used by state DOT's to (1) allocate capital dollars for the dual purpose of purchasing new buses and rebuilding existing buses within the constraints of a fixed budget, when the needs of all the constituent agencies in a peer group are considered, and (2) distribute funds among the agencies in an equitable manner. The proposed framework includes two optimization models. Model 1 attempts to maximize the weighted fleet life of all the buses that are being purchased and rebuilt for a given peer group, within the constrains of a fixed budget. Model 2 is designed to maximize the Remaining Life (RL) of the entire peer group comprising of the existing buses as well as those being replaced or rebuilt. Case studies presented to demonstrate the application of the models show that the framework is viable, and can be used for the designated purpose with fleet data that are currently available with the transit agencies. Further research on testing the framework is recommended to ensure its applicability under different sets of circumstances. TRB 2003 Annual Meeting CD-ROM Paper revised from original submittal.


The dynamics of community life in the era of reform and autonomy of blood very quickly. Along with it, the construction of a keyword to Membincang the community life better, prosperous, independent and religious. The collar condition seems not easy and fast to be realized. Therefore very many factors that must be involved and require attention especially to the leaders as the locomotive development process. Leadership one of which determine the success of the development process. Aspects of leadership in the community also become urgent to assess its contribution in the development process. The latter was, in every region is no exception in South Sulawesi local wisdom in the community still has historically maintained in the socio-cultural aspects of concrete existence in the mind, heart and attitude behavior. Numun existence in providing leadership role and influence in a leader sometimes left behind and more neglected. Whereas integrated both the spirit as well as the spirit of absolute power-existence in a leader. Normal 0 false false false EN-SG X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Acknowledgements Transcription conventions Focus-group data 1. Paradoxes of opinion 2. A tool kit for analysing group discussions 3. Forums for opinion: 'what is it that's going on here?' 4. Institutions of opinion: voice of the people? 5. Topics in interaction: 'why that now?' 6. Agreeing and disagreeing: maintaining sociable argument 7. Representing speech: other voices, other places 8. Questioning expertise: who says? 9. Radio phone-ins: mediated sociable arguments 10. Vox pop television interviews: constructing the public 11. Opinions as talk References Index.


Fitting a sine curve with three sample points is a basic problem encountered in signal measuring and dynamic control fields.Traditionally this kind of problem is solved with minimum squarer error method,B-sample curves based fitting methods and genetic algorithms.The problem is a combined optimal problem in which three variables are involved.A new algorithm is presented which reduces the problem into a minimum problem of an univariate function according to the corresponding relationship between a sine cure and an ellipse on a cylinder surface.The new algorithm has a good geological interpretation.It is more reliable than traditional algorithms.


Volatile oil content of different age leaves and branches for Abies fargesii Franch from different seedling source was analyzed by traditional the steam distillation.The result indicated that volatile oil content of Abies fargesii Franch in three year leaves and branches is from Minshan mountain highest.Moreover,the volatile oil content between leaves and the branch has significant difference,the content in the same age leaves is far higher than that in the branches.


Fossil fuel divestment refers to activist-led campaigns aiming to convince large institutional investors to sell their holdings in companies that operate in carbon-intensive sectors and industries. Part of a larger anti-fossil fuel movement, the growing momentum of the fossil fuel divestment movement has put forward a real-world experiment of the interplay between global capital markets and transnational activist discourse in the context of climate policy and climate change mitigation. This chapter analyses divestment of fossil fuel assets as an emerging trend in climate finance and climate governance from two main perspectives. First, the chapter discusses the history, the political and financial logic and the impact of fossil fuel divestment. Second, the chapter focuses on the legal and governance implications of fossil fuel divestment. The chapter concludes by identifying further research opportunities.


Abstract : Surface energy, frequently referred to as surface tension, plays a critical role in materials processing and the evolution of a material's microstructure and properties. Processes critically dependent upon surface energy include casting, rapid solidification processes, flotation separation, smelting, degassing of liquid metals and solidification processing to name a few. However, despite its technological importance, there is a dearth of credible surface energy data available for most alloys and a number of elements. This paper serves as a compilation of useful data and presents correlations that may be used to estimate surface energy.


Factors of capital flight determine the national specificity of capital reinvestment. At the article the author discovers the main factors of capital flight out of Russia and gives their classification. The paper contents results of the survey conducted by the author. The survey was made, to reveral Russian business spirits in connection with causes of capital flight and methods of its reinvestment. The author has formulated the main ways of reducing capital flight out of Russia and stimulating of its reinvestment.


The developing history, molecular character, biological effects of free radicals and the functions of scavengers for free radicals were reviewed in this paper.


This article is implements a configurable FFT(Fast Fourier Transformation)hardware accelerators cycle accurate model based on SystemC.The mixed-Radix8 FFT,4parallel computation and memory architecture-based design are used in this model.The model can calculate 16-4mpoint single-precision floating-point complex FFT,the signal-to-noise ratio at the same time stable at more than 130 db.Compared with the model of same type,It can achieve an exact match with the hardware cycle,and guarantee much faster speed than hardware simulation,which achieves the effect of cooperating with hardware design and verification.


This special issue is a set of articles that arose from a discomfort felt by the contributors, a deep anguish at how the figures they were reading had been read thus far, both in historical narrative and in political commentary. In most cases, the authors felt the figures under study had been circumscribed by the treatment they had received, usually as the most obvious symbols of a political tradition, and in one case, by the figure's absence from any such summaries. In that sense, this is an exercise in liberation, for the authors of the pieces, I daresay, more than for the figures they were writing about. At its core, the ambition underlying some of the essays quite explicitly, and the issue at large, is to reinstate these figures as thinkers, rather than as men concerned with statecraft. The essays look at Dadabhai Naoroji, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Narendra Deva, Ram Manohar Lohia, Jayaprakash Narayan, and Jawaharlal Nehru. The contributors tackle the moments of intellectual crisis these thinkers found themselves in, treating their texts as events that catapulted each individual thinker into the posture they next adopted. The thinkers are reinstated as political figures, certainly, but are also recovered in other capacities – as intellectuals, crusaders, and travellers. This allows for us to shed previous notions of what makes a political thinker and to think of the anxieties fostered by these men and is important because the framing of the questions of nationalism or socialism or violence or knowledge arose from these very anxieties, and in many ways, remain with us today as foundational ideas. The implications that follow from this exercise are twofold and are both concerned with writing intellectual history. First and foremost, what the essays in this issue set out to achieve is an acknowledgement of the breadth of the thinkers they were writing about. By tracing the development of their thought as a process of recovery, the essays capture how the thinkers recovered multiple traditions, but also how they formulated multiple registers in which those traditions could be read. In outrageously original ways, rather than attempting to enter an intellectual space that was foreclosed to them, these thinkers created space wherever they could find their feet and expanded that space in concentric circles until they were located simultaneously in the local and in the global. At a later stage, the historical consciousness that informed these thinkers became more than an individual credo; it became activated through the circulation of their ideas through writings and speeches until it began defining modern India's public life. It is equally important to note that these processes of recovery, translation and critique were far from derivative. The intellectual traditions that modern Indian thinkers drew upon were subjected by them to waves of devastating critique, so that in time, they came to have a resurrective quality about them. The ability of each of these thinkers to insist upon their points of view, indeed to parlay upon them, made Indian political contests combative and vibrant.


Researchers, system operators, engineers, and utility owners are working hard to fully utilise power system installed facilities in response to rising energy demand, which is posing security challenges for power systems. As a result, this paper uses risk-based security assessment to address the problem of power system security. A linearized risk-based method which uses fast decoupled load flow algorithm was used to assess the low voltage security of power systems. The method is based on the concept of risk, which considers both the likelihood of occurrence and the severity of the contingency. Risk is decomposable and can be decomposed by perverting the conditions that make the network risky. It requires the probability of voltage distribution, the probability of contingency and severity function to evaluate the impact of the contingency. The proposed method was illustrated on a real power system, the simulation model of the Nigerian 41 bus 330kV transmission grid network for calculating the risk indices of three simulated contingencies at various rates of occurrence. The calculated risk indices show that as the rate of occurrence increases, risk indices increase.  This means that contingencies with a high incidence rate but little effect have a higher or equal chance than contingencies with a large impact but occur infrequently. As a result, system operators, technicians, and engineers must quickly identify, investigate, and propose solutions to mitigate their effects on the network and improve service delivery.


The proposed theme concerns the possibility of integrating a new system of mobility to the enhancement of the historic, environmental heritage and landscape of the Calabria region. This necessity comes from an implicit need, which is to enhance and to promote a cultural and social use for the resources present in the territory and flows from new instances of a quality tourism that in Calabria, as well as in many other southern cities, require a careful search of new cultural desires with new destinations, which led to the discovery of products more rich of meaning and content, of authenticity, of identity. To promote a strategy that seeks the tools to activate the process of valorization of the urban asset of Reggio's territory seems like a winning project. Today, under the pressure of territory government tools innovative and thanks to a different cultural approach, we are in the condition in which it is possible the recovery and restoration of the territory through the identification of strategies and projects that are able to introduce quality of connective space and cultural kind of services based mainly on soft mobility and the fruition of this asset.


This paper proposes a bias circuit for cascode current mirror in band-gap voltage reference to realize low supply voltage. The bias circuit using a MOS transistor which always operate in linear region to bias the two transistors of the cascode stage operating at the edge of saturation to improve the output voltage swing and subsequently low down the supply voltage. Prototype of the band-gap reference in this paper is fabricated using the 0.25 μm CMOS process of Chartered corp, and the simulation results using Hspice tools validate the strategy for designing the bias network. The minimum supply voltage of this reference is 2V, and the temperature coefficient is 12×10 -6/℃ and PSR is -98 dB in the frequency from 1 Hz to 10 kHz and -40 dB from 1 MHz to 1 GHz.


The complexity of religion in China brings inevitable headache to the decision-makers of religious administration.This paper,by a detailed analysis of the causes of the headache,puts forward that the ideal countermeasure to solve the problem lies in legislation,namely,by setting up a set of integrated legal system to prevent religions from doing harms to social stability.


The press has recently allotted generous space to a battle of words over the tax burden of the United States. It has been asserted and denied that the citizens of this country now pay taxes to all their governments federal, state and local which exceed even those of the United Kingdom, whether they be taken as a percentage of national income, or as a number of dollars per capita. In the past, it has been the solace of the American citizen to compare his tax bill with that of the British subject. By contrast, he was assured he escaped very lightly. But now the Chamber of Commerce of the United States has attacked this cherished belief. American taxes, it claims, are now heavier than those of Britain. In a recent article, the Chamber states that while tax collections in both countries amounted to about one-fifth of national income in 1939-40, our tax burden is now 25%, while that of Britain is but 22%. On a per capita basis, this is $168 in the United States and $165 in England.1 The data upon which this result is based may be presented in two figures :


A parallel mechanism provided with a prrr kinematic pair open-loop subchain and a prrrr kinematic pair closed-loop subchain conmprises a four-bar mechanism closed-loop subchain and an actuator subchain. The four-bar mechanism closed-loop subchain can control a third connecting bar to move in a plane where the four-bar mechanism closed-loop subchain is located, and spatial movement of a dynamic platform can be achieved through movement of a first connecting bar and the movement of the third connecting bar. According to the parallel mechanism provided with the prrr kinematic pair open-loop subchain and the prrrr kinematic pair closed-loop subchain, spatial movement of the closed-loop subchain, the first connecting bar and the third connecting bar is controlled and achieved through the closed-loop subchain, and therefore the spatial movement of the dynamic platform is achieved; the parallel mechanism provided with the prrr kinematic pair open-loop subchain and the prrrr kinematic pair closed-loop subchain has the advantages of being compact in structure and easy to control; and all the connecting bars are connected on a rack, bar pieces can made to be light bars, and therefore mechanism movement inertia is small, and dynamics performance is good.