Dismantling projects in the nuclear sector have some specific features compared to the design of new nuclear facilities and dismantling projects in the conventional sector. They place high demands on the engineers involved in general and in many cases also on the structural engineers. Apart from the general requirements regarding radiation protection, occupational safety, efficiency and cost effectiveness, it is important to take into account also other conditions which have a direct impact on technical details and the structural assessment of the dismantling project. The necessity and scope of a structural analysis vary from case to case and range from simple experience-based evaluations to complex numerical calculations. The greater the discrepancy between the dismantling load case and the load case from operation and design and the more uncertain the basis for the evaluation, the higher are the demands on the structural engineer. taken into consideration.


RLGN 108. The History of Yoga: The Yoga of Transformation and the Transformation of Yoga. 3 Units. In this class we will investigate the history and context of yoga. We will first examine yoga as a transformative disciplined practice through close study of primary sources. Next we will focus on Yoga as presented in Patanjall's Yoga Sutras. We will then examine the ways and extent to which yoga has been transformed in both India and outside of India. To this end we will scrutinize the development of American(ized) "Yoga." We will address the legal complexities concerning ownership and appropriation as well as those concerning the teaching of "Yoga" in public schools and the establishment clause of the First Amendment. We will also devote several classes to actual yoga experiences where the students can learn some asana (postures) and movements. Counts for CAS Global & Cultural Diversity Requirement.


Gombe Formation is one of the promising potential source-rock of petroleum in the Gongola basin based on its appreciable amount of organic matter. The present study is therefore aimed at evaluating the hydrocarbon potential of Gombe Formation. Ditch-cutting samples were collected from the depth of 731.5 m to 1554.5 m from Gombe Formation that penetrated the Kolmani River-1 well. The source-rock potential was evaluated based on kerogen analysis and soluble organic matter content using Fourier Transform- Infra red spectroscopic (FT-IR) and Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometric (GC-MS) techniques respectively. There is presence of peak at 900-1000 cm-1 which is due to CH2 rocking vibration in long chain aliphatic substances, which is characteristic of liptinite macerals indicating good potential source-rock for oil and gas. The n-alkane ranges from C11-C33 maximizing at nC16 which suggests that the organic matter are majorly derived from marine organic matter. The Pr/Ph (1.49-1.92) shows that the organic matter was deposited under sub-oxic condition. The distribution of hopanes, homohopanes (C27-C29) steranes, (C0-C4) alkylated naphthalenes and (C0-C3) alkylated phenanthrenes indicate the presence of angiosperm, gymnosperm, algae, marine and bacteria input to the organic matter contained in the samples. Also the plot of DBT/P vs. Pr/Ph classifies the samples into zone 3 (i.e. marine shale and other lacustrine). Various maturity parameters computed from saturate biomarker and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distributions shows that the samples are low mature with the moderately mature zone at the bottom (>1408.2 m) of Gombe Formation. In conclusion, the kerogen was probably derived from type II/III organic matter capable of generating both oil and gas and the moderately mature zone lies at the bottom of the Formation. Key words: Lacustrine, Gombe formation, Maturity, Hydrocarbon, Kerogen


AdaBoost.MH is a boosting algorithm that is considered to be one of the most accurate algorithms for multilabel classification. It works by iteratively building a committee of weak hypotheses of decision stumps. To build the weak hypotheses, in each iteration, AdaBoost.MH obtains the whole extracted features and examines them one by one to check their ability to characterize the appropriate category. Using Bag-Of-Words for text representation dramatically increases the computational time of AdaBoost.MH learning, especially for large-scale datasets. In this paper we demonstrate how to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of AdaBoost.MH using latent topics, rather than words. A well-known probabilistic topic modelling method, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, is used to estimate the latent topics in the corpus as features for AdaBoost.MH. To evaluate LDA-AdaBoost.MH, the following four datasets have been used: Reuters-21578-ModApte, WebKB, 20-Newsgroups and a collection of Arabic news. The experimental results confirmed that representing the texts as a small number of latent topics, rather than a large number of words, significantly decreased the computational time of AdaBoost.MH learning and improved its performance for text categorization.


Background. Impulsive acts, parasuicidal behavior, and other therapy disruptive incidents occur frequently in the treatment of patients with personality disorders and increase the risk that patients will drop out of treatment. Objective. This study examined the predictive validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) and Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) Scales for therapy disruptive behavior and compared them with the original clinical scales. Methods. Using an inventory, the treatment staff recorded the therapy disruptive behavior of 104 patients with personality disorders who were receiving inpatient psychotherapy. Results. Both the RC and the PSY-5 scales predicted several categories of therapy disruptive behavior, and both scales predicted more categories of therapy disruptive behavior than the original clinical scales. Anger outbursts were predicted especially well by a combination of two of the RC scales. Conclusions. The information about the MMPI-2 obtained in this study may be helpful in case formulation when initiating inpatient treatment for patients with personality disorders. (Journal of Psychiatric Practice 2012;18:420–429)


The [π2 +π2] photocycloaddition reactions between cyclopent-2-enone and various electron-rich alkenes proceed in both good quantum yields and useful chemical yields. The stereochemistry of the cycloadducts (1)–(5) has been determined by chemical ionization mass spectrometry and chemical transformations. The regioselectivity increases with increasing nucleophilicity of the alkene, and the stereoselectivity depends on the steric properties of the alkene substituents. The reaction between cyclopent-2-enone and 1-ethoxy-1-ethylthioethylene occurs in a fully regio- and stereo-specific way.


The invention discloses shield method tunnel synchronous grouting slurry which belongs to the technical field of shield tunnel engineering. The shield method tunnel synchronous grouting slurry consists of mortar and water glass, wherein the weight ratio of the mortar to the water glass is 1:4, and the weigh ratio of various raw materials in the mortar of cement to sand to fly ash to swell soil towater is 1:4.8-5.71:2.93-3.31:0.25-0.27:3.13-3.30. The shield method tunnel synchronous grouting slurry has good consistency and insusceptible separation, can effectively prevent the phenomena of slurry separation and grouting pipe blockage, can timely and effectively fill a building gap between a digging surface and the periphery of a pipe piece and control the ground surface settlement within 5to 7mm.


Most understandings of Hemingway's "Big Two-Hearted River" set up a dichotomy between two kinds of space: civilization and the wilderness. In these readings, the wilderness presents an opportunity for healing by immersion in concrete physical action. As Karl Fritze rightly points out, though, the story's structure is actually more complicated than that. It also has a third space: the "surrogate domestic space" of the campsite, the place where Nick, the protagonist, acts on his environment. The campsite is not a place where things resolve themselves; rather, it is a place of "desperate self-reassurance, an assertion of normalcy rather than simply a natural contentment." And, the campsite gets readers only halfway through the story's narrative movement, a movement "from pure ease into a mediating domestic fantasy and then finally into unfiltered natural chaos." That chaos is the swamp, another interpretive conundrum for readers. In Fritze's surprising and convincing reading, the swamp offers the possibility for Nick to plunge back into the mediation of trauma, into "the social world of storytelling ." —Dr. Leonard Diepeveen


Styrene–methacrylic acid copolymers of varying combinations crosslinked with p‐DVB (1–2%) and porous structure were synthesized to be used as carriers in trypsin immobilization. The styrene–methacrylic acid copolymers containing free carboxy groups were activated by conversion into the mixed carbonic anhydride with N‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐ethoxy‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) at pH 4.0. The degree of activation of copolymers were determined from the amount of p‐aminobenzoic acid each could bind. The activated copolymers were incubated with trypsin in phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) at 4°C for 24 h. The optimum conditions for enzymatic activity measurements determined and the activity tests were carried out in 1.5 × 10−2M CaCl2 solution (pH 8.0) at 0.05 ionic strength with a pH‐stat instrument. The dependence of the activity of styrene–methacrylic acid (SMA)/trypsin derivatives to pH was investigated and it was observed that the optimum pH of the immobilized trypsin derivatives moved to the basic region compared to the native trypsin. It was found that as the ionic strength increased, the shift in the optimum pH decreased and the activity increased. The Michaelis constants for the SMA–trypsin derivatives were determined with aid of Lineweaver–Burk diagrams. The thermal, storage, and operational stabilities of SMA–trypsin derivatives were assessed. It was found that the above stabilities for all the immobilized trypsin derivatives were better than that for the native trypsin.


The practice of using wild-growing material in the breeding of forage crops has long been recognized as a relevant and effective method for creating new varieties. The purpose of the research was to assess wild-growing samples of the crested wheatgrass and isolate genetic sources of economically valuable traits for breeding in the Stavropol Territory. The research was carried out in 2017–2020. The material of the study – 22 wild specimens of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron pectiniforme Roem. et Shult.) of various ecological and geographical origin. The crested wheatgrass variety 'Vikrav' served as the standard. During the years of study, meteorological conditions were extremely dry. The assessment of the samples was carried out according to the guidelines for the selection of perennial cereal grasses. The experiment was laid on bare fallow, plot area – 3 m2. Sowing and maintenance work were carried out manually. On average, for three years (2018–2020), the yield of green mass of the studied samples ranged from 0.15 to 0.94 kg/m2; dry – from 0.07 to 0.38 kg/m2; seeds – from 0.015 to 0.070 kg/m2. Samples from Ukraine (d.d. 28, 30), Chelyabinsk region (d. 31) and Kazakhstan (d.d. 34 and 37) were more productive in terms of fodder weight. In terms of seed productivity, in the first year, wild samples from Aktobe (d. 5) and Chelyabinsk regions (d. 31), from Ukraine (d. 25) and Kazakhstan (d.d. 34 and 37) were distinguished. In the second year of herbage use – from the Chelyabinsk region (d. 31) and Kazakhstan (d.d. 35 and 37). In the third year of use, no significant excess over the standard was found. On average, over three years of use, wild specimens d. 31, d. 34, and d. 37 exceeded the standard in seed yield by 0.020-0.033 kg/m2. Wild specimens from the Chelyabinsk region (d. 31) and Kazakhstan (d. 34) were isolated according to the complex of valuable characteristics for use in breeding in the Stavropol Territory.


This article presents the une of investigation "An epistemological didactic and cognitiveapproximation to the basic motions of Calculus", of the Master's program in MathematicsEducation. A revision of the tendencies and problems, with respect to the teaching ofCalculus and about the cognitive aspects of investigations already completed is presented.A synthesis of the concepts and theories that support the framework of this line ofinvestigation is given.


The Global Positioning System (GPS) is rapidly becoming an important tool in the surveying community. It is currently being used in a number of applications, ranging from cadastral control point es...


The computation of physical properties of dilute magnetic alloys is a computationally intensive task. In principie, it consists on the diagonalization of a huge matrix. Through the use of a suitable base and of the renormalization group method, the diagonalization can be simplified to the iterative diagonalization of a set of smaller matrices (of the order of some hundreds of lines and columns). The resulting problem is nevertheless still too large if enough precision is desired. We describe here the parallel implementation of an algorithm for this problem in a duster. The results show that the implementation achieves good reduction of execution times, but lacks speedup and scalability due to load balancing problems. We analyze these problems and suggest paths to their resolution.


The throughput of PDP/LCD production is decreased by the scratch of the FPD glass surface that is occurred by line or plane contact when FPD glass is transferred or stacked in manufacturing process of PDP/LCD. In order to prevent the decrease of the throughput, the paper or film is coated on the surface of FPD glass. This is one of very important processes in PDP/LCD manufacturing and the solution of problem to be scratched on surface of FPD glass is very important for the chemical treatment of the surface in FPD post-process, ITO and electrode formation process. In this study, the developed system to coat protecting film on FPD glass without using any adhesive agent is applied to the manufacturing process of the next generation of PDP/LCD.


Three-dimensional printing and metal plating of trough waveguide structure operating in the ISM band ranging from 57-64 GHz is discussed. Addition of commercially available filter in the currently available circulatory electroless silver plating system is discussed and the improvement in insertion coefficient measurement is highlighted. Potential application of short length trough waveguide as TRU calibration standard for measuring longer length trough waveguide section is also discussed.


In the modern era disposing wastes in a safe way is essential now a day; the main issues are garbage overflow. This creates unhygienic and unclean in the environment, it produces bad smell. This may leads in spreading some deadly diseases and human illness; environment should be kept clean and hygienic in society every place should be monitored in a high expense, to reduce this process the proposed approach helps in reducing entire process. The model is fully automated, where the smart dustbin automatically disposes the waste in a fixed location. Therefore this IOT connected through wired and wireless without user intervention. In the design system PIC controller will help in providing connectively in an efficient way. It reduces man work and improves maintenance of the dustbin. This process is controlled by a smart app which includes the performance measure is high which can be monitored through smart device. The design is equipped with high sensor devices which gives alert when it leads to any danger for the environment.


This study focuses on the connection between the budget defi cit reduction plan and national security strategy in the Obama administration. The US budget defi cit reduction requires reductions in defense spending, because defense occupies the biggest portion of the budget. This reduction of the defense spending must be guided by a new national security strategy. The new security strategy of the White House is the rebalancing strategy announced in the fall of 2011. This strategy aims to minimize military commitment in other countries (e.g. Afghanistan and Iraq) that was greatly expanded during the Bush administration and instead concentrate on the Asian-Pacifi c region in response to the rise of China. These actions bolster the image that the White House wishes to project of a 'Restrained Empire.' This 'Restrained Empire' is in stark contrast to the imperialistic stance of the Bush administration. This paper analyzes the budget defi cit reduction plan and its impact on the Obama rebalancing strategy between the Budget Control Act of 2011 and sequestration on March 1, 2013. Factors are also examined that have infl uenced Obama's foreign policy since the start of sequestration.


A clear and accessible guide to one of the most important skills all students of law must master: the skill of understanding legislation. The authors provide an engaging overview of important aspects of the legislative process, its application and interpretation, together with examples questions and excerpts of relevant legislation. This book is specifically designed for students studying the statutory process and statutory interpretation or anyone interested in knowing more about this subject.


Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are widely used for collecting and monitoring patients' vital healthcare parameters, such as breathing, heart function and muscle activity. A serious flaw of WBANs is their vulnerability to various security issues, one of which is the physical tampering of the sensors. Transmission of invalid data by a damaged or compromised sensor may lead to incorrect diagnosis, improper treatment and undesirable results. In this paper, we analyze blood glucose-level sensors and propose a machine learning algorithm that detects intentional and inadvertent data modification intrusions for this type of sensors. The proposed algorithm uses Otsu's Thresholding Method and other statistical measures to create features that estimate boundaries, averages, deviations and patterns of sensor data. Feature vectors are then classified by a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model with a linear kernel and varying misclassification parameter. Experiments on a large real-patient dataset show that the proposed algorithm achieves 100% precision and 99.22% recall.


This study examined the change in type‐III collagen concentration and hydroxypyridinium crosslink density of anterior cruciate ligament‐patellar tendon autografts and their correlations with Young's modulus of the anterior cruciate autografts and anterior cruciate controls for as long as 3 years after surgery. Fifteen adult female goats (two control and 13 experimental) were tested. Each experimental animal received an anterior cruciate ligament‐patellar tendon autograft to the right knee. These animals were tested at 0 (n = 2), 6 (n = 2), 12 (n = 2), and 24 (n = 1) weeks and 1 (n = 3) and 3 (n = 3) years after surgery. After mechanical testing, the anterior cruciate autograft and control tissues were analysed for type‐III collagen concentration and hydroxypyridinium crosslink density. The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis showed a trend of initial increase in the percentage of type‐III collagen in the anterior cruciate ligament autografts and a subsequent decrease after 24 weeks following surgery. There was a nonsignificant (p > 0.05) negative correlation between type‐III collagen concentration and Young's modulus. The hydroxypyridinium crosslink density was highest at 1 year after surgery. There was a significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between hydroxypyridinium crosslink density and Young's modulus in the anterior cruciate autografts and controls. This suggests that hydroxypyridinium crosslink density has a good linear relationship with the material strength of the anterior cruciate ligament autograft and hence could be used as an objective guide for rehabilitation with anterior cruciate autografts.


In accelerating germination experiment,the seeds of Cercis gigantean etched by dense sulfuric acid were soaked with different concentrations of gibberellins(250,500 and 1 000 mg/L),which was combined with cold stratification in refrigerator.And then their germination rate was determined.The seeds of Cercis gigantean had dormancy characteristics. Cold stratification promoted the germination of Cercis gigantean seeds and the germination rate was increased with the time.Soaking with gibberellins before stratification had obvious effects on the germination of Cercis gigantean seeds.The seeds stratified for 60 d after soaked with gibberellins at the concentration of 250 mg/L for 24 and 48 h had better effects on breaking the dormancy of seeds,with their germination rates of 22.5% and 25.5% respectively.The effect of clean water treatment on germination was not obvious.Soaking with gibberellins should be only combined with cold stratification so that it could play a good role.Soaking with gibberellins at 250 mg/L was the ideal accelerating germination method for seeds of Cercis gigantean.


Though characterized by a scarcity of water, West Asia and North Africa region has a large number of wetlands of various types supporting a rich biodiversity. However, the government efforts to reverse the trend of wetlands degradation fall short of the policy goals due to various reasons. The paper outlines the priorities for wetlands conservation in the region.


Within several years of its discovery, neurotensin (NT) was reported to be present in many regions of the central nervous system of the rat. Radioimmunoassays by Carraway and Leeman' and Kobayashi et found relatively large concentrations in extracts of the median eminence, hypothalamus, pituitary, thalamus, and brainstem. In addition, Uhl and Snyder? had shown by immunofluorescence that it was found in neurons in many regions of the brain and spinal cord. As a body of evidence, reviewed elsewhere in this volume, developed that NT was a neural and hormonal modulator, it became apparent that NT was active in several functions related to the hypothalamus, including effects on pituitary hormone secretion. Although the results of these studies differed concerning the patterns of adenohypophyseal secretion following intracerebral or intravenous injection of NT,j-6 reports that intact hemipituitaries incubated with synthetic NT released prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone suggested that NT could have direct effects on anterior pituitary hormone secretion. In this report we review our studies of the distribution of NT in the rat hypothalamus using immunoperoxidase technique and light microscopy. The distribution of NT-like immunoreactivity in several hypothalamic nuclei known to project to the median eminence, and its presence in nerve terminals around the hypophyseal portal capillary system, suggest roles for the peptide in neuroendocrine mechanisms and provide an anatomical basis for further investigation.


Further investigations of the bryozoan Amathia wilsoni have yielded amathamides C-F, four new bromine-containing alkaloids, which are closely related in structure to the previously described amathamides A and B. There is no significant variation in the alkaloid content of different colonies of the bryozoan at the same location, but differences occur between samples of the bryozoan which have been obtained from different collection sites.


Article analyzes the state and development dynamics of the science technical base for 2000–2017. It considers changes in the functional and age structure of scientific equipment in the sectors of science and in academic organizations, their connection with the implementation of priority areas of development of science and technology as well as with measures to reform academies of science and support the higher education sector.


The identification and mapping of the conflicts of use in a given area is important to provide subsidies for environmental management and can be obtained from different perspectives. In this work, the procedures used to identify conflicts of use were based on morphometric characteristics and the identification of land use of the study area, which is represented by the drainage basin of the dam Soledade, located in the microregião Curimataú West of the state of Paraíba . The use of soil of the basin was obtained by visual interpretation of a digital image sensor HRC CBERS-2B of the day 12/12/2008, supplemented by surveys of field. The morphometric characterization was generated based on thematic maps of the network of drainage, slope, hypsometric, using the geographic information system SPRING. The area of the basin is approximately 316.55 square km, the river hierarchy is 5th order, with a rectangular dendritic drainage and relief of a floodplain (54.13% of the area between 0 and 3% slope), a altimetric range of 145 meters and the density is 1.5 km/km2. The basin is a more elongated, as shown by the index of circularity (0.28), coefficient of compactness (1.86) and factor in (0.56). This indicates a strong structural control of drainage. According to the distribution of classes of land use identified in the region under study, it is observed that dense caatinga, the caatinga and open herbaceous vegetation occupy respectively 129.03, 108.67 and 29.33 km2, making a total area of 267 km2, or approximately 82.2% of the area of the basin. The class that occupies the largest area of vegetation was dense, with 40.7% of the area of the basin. The cultivated areas cover an area of 33.7 km2, or 10.6% of the total area. These areas are composed mainly of palm cultivation, agave and corn. The predominance of green area in the basin, is related to the large amount of rain that occurred in the region in year 2008. To identify and quantify the cross were conflicting uses the maps of land use with the ranking of the second micro RN, using the language of legal SPRING. The conflict of land use existed in areas of agricultural crops or pasture developed in unsuitable areas: in areas of roughness coefficient Class B, C or D and without conservation treatment, and in areas with livestock developed with local roughness coefficient Class D.


People with synaesthesia (e.g. letters evoking colours) have enhanced memory on many standard laboratory tasks, but relatively little is known about the underlying mechanism. In these studies we determined whether the memory advantage of synaesthetes was compromised to the same extent, and in the same way, by manipulations known to adversely affect memory. In Study 1, we employed a continuous recognition memory paradigm in which previously studied items in an early block become lures in a subsequent block, hence requiring careful monitoring of temporal context. In Study 2, we employed a standard levels-of-processing manipulation in which shallow encoded items disrupts memory performance. In both studies, participants indicated their level of confidence from which we estimated separate familiarity and recollection parameters within a dual-process framework (Yonelinas & Parks, 2007). Synaesthetes showed comparable levels of susceptibility to these memory manipulations despite having significantly better performance overall. However, whilst temporal context confusion and shallow processing affected both estimates of recollection and familiarity, the group difference between synaesthetes and controls was carried by the familiarity component alone. This suggests that the mechanisms giving rise to enhanced memory in synaesthesia loads primarily on familiarity-related processes.


The pathophysiology of bipolar disorder is likely to involve both genetic and environmental risk factors. In our study, we aimed to perform a systematic search of environmental risk factors for BD. In addition, we assessed possible hints of bias in this literature, and identified risk factors supported by high epidemiological credibility.


This paper focuses on the integration of InGaAsSb photodetectors along with micro-optics in order to realize a prototype system that can achieve a stronger response during atmospheric profiling and spectroscopy measurements. The integration of the detector was executed using a novel conductive-adhesive-based flip-chip integration process. The design, fabrication, and integration of the constituent technologies and experimental results from their characterization are presented.


Cervical cancer classified as stage IA2 and IB1 according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics has historically been treated with radical hysterectomy and bilateral lymph node dissection, but recent recommendations suggest more conservative treatment modalities. We report a woman with stage IA2 cervical cancer at low risk for parametrial spread including no lymphovascular space invasion, clear conization margins, and tumor size less than 2 cm, who underwent radical hysterectomy and was found to have a single positive metastatic parametrial lymph node. This case report is an important reminder that parametrial involvement occurs in low-risk early-stage cervical cancers.


A new approach is introduced to determine the harmonic contributions between the customer and utility at the point of common coupling. This approach is based on new definitions of power components suggested by the same authors in [1]. It can determine the quantity and direction of power for each harmonic order. This method can be implemented in any power quality measurement device. Also, it will be useful in arriving at equitable ways of settling customer complaints, sharing the cost of harmonic distortion through rate structure and penalties, etc.


Multiple layer artificial neural network (ANN) structure is capable of implementing arbitrary input-output mappings. Similarly, hierarchical classifiers, more commonly known as decision trees, possess the capabilities of generating arbitrarily complex decision boundaries in an ndimensional space. Given a decision tree, it is possible to restructure it as a multilayered neural network. The objective of this paper is to show how this mapping of decision trees into multilayer neural network structure can be exploited for the systematic design of a class of layered neural networks, called entropy nets, that have far fewer connections.


Establishing vascular access in young infants, particularly if they are dehydrated or obese, can challenge even the most experienced EPs and nurses. This study assessed the efficacy of transillumination of the palm to obtain venous access when …


This brief presents an efficient load-flow (LF) solution method for direct current distribution networks (DC-DNs). The principles of this method are based on the modified-augmented-nodal-analysis (MANA) formulation and Newton-Raphson (NR) algorithm. The guaranteed convergence and quadratic convergence conditions are also formulated using Kantorovich's theorem. The modified IEEE 33 bus test feeder is simulated to test the proposed method and compare its performance with Laplacian Matrix based LF methods, Holomorphic Embedding LF method (HE-LFM) and classical Gauss-Seidel (GS) solution. Apart from the comparisons with these numerical methods the accuracy of the proposed method is also validated with Electromagnetic Transients (EMT) results. The proposed method offers much better convergence properties with a faster simulation speed.


In veterinary oncology, quality of life for the patient is always the top priority. Some cancers can be cured by treatments compatible with good quality of life. In other cases, anticancer treatment may significantly extend good quality survival time even if the patient is not permanently cured. However for other patients, palliation may be a more appropriate goal; and because it delays the need for euthanasia, effective palliation can significantly enhance survival time as well as quality of life in veterinary medicine. Even in those cases where hospice care or euthanasia is the best option, performing this with compassion and skill can be one of the most valuable services a veterinarian can provide to help both patient and client.


In this short note, we present a simple constructive proof for the generating function for the unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind using the equidistribution of pilots and cycles of permutations.


Appropriate staging and evaluation of residual disease is critical to improving the treatment of patients with lymphoma. The specific expression of homing receptors may determine the preferential dissemination pattern of tumoral cells. We investigated the expression of the mucosal homing receptor a 4 b 7 on tumoral cells from peripheral lymph node in patients with newly diagnosed mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) to check whether it is associated with gastrointestinal involvement. Expression of the a 4 b 1 integrin and the peripheral lymph node addressin CD62L were also examined. Thirteen MCL patients presenting with peripheral lymphadenopathy were studied. Expression of the mucosal homing receptor integrin a 4 b 7 by peripheral lymph node lymphoma cells was found to be frequent (5/13) and associated with gastrointestinal involvement (5/7). In contrast, lymphoma cells from patients without gastrointestinal involvement did not express a 4 b 7 (6/6) ( P 5 0.03). These data suggest that a 4 b 7 integrin is expressed by a subset of MCLs and that its expression may predict digestive tract involvement in MCL, furnishing a basis for rec-ognizing two distinct clinical and phenotypic forms, ie, "digestive homing


Measles is a vaccine preventable disease, causes extensive morbidity and mortality in tropical countries. Although the diagnosis of measles can be based on clinical findings, laboratory confirmation is extremely important to prevent complications. During November and December 2013, 50 patients aged between 13 months to 17 years were admitted at SRRIT & CD with clinical symptoms and signs of measles. Serum samples were collected from these patients during acute and convalescent phases and tested for Measles specific IgM antibodies by IgM capture ELISA. Out of 50, 39 were paired sera and 11 were single serum samples, 39 were positive, in both acute and convalescent phases, 8 were positive in acute phase while 3 were negative. Since clinical diagnosis of measles can be difficult even for experienced practitioners, Measles virus specific IgM Serology is the standard test for rapid laboratory diagnosis of measles. Apart from this the present study also shows changing epidemiology of the disease with a shift in the age group affected towards higher side.


During the few last years, several studies have revealed that income differences have increased in a number of OECD countries. While most of the corresponding empirical analyses have focused on general trends and poverty in the past, this paper emphasizes the highest income groups. A strong increase in top income shares has recently been well documented for several English-speaking countries, especially for the United States. The present paper is mainly concerned with the developments in Germany in the past years. Using a mixture of different data, the evolution of gross and net income differences is analysed and compared with the developments in other countries. It is shown that top incomes and top income shares in Germany have increased in the recent past. Finally, some possible explanations for these developments are discussed.


In this paper, a laterally-bounded conductor-backed coplanar waveguide leaky-wave antenna with metasurface is proposed. The metasurface is made of periodic staggered patches. The propagation characteristics are analyzed with a magnetic field integral equation method. With the analysis, it is found that the structure supports an improper leaky mode and a proper mode which behaves as a surface-wave mode in lower frequency range. The leaky mode contributes to a beam scanning with frequency, whereas the surface-wave mode gives rise to a beam close to endfire. Based on the structure, a leaky-wave antenna is design which exhibits a narrow beam scanning from near broadside to endfire.


Globalization is indeed very strongly felt in every aspects of life of society, nation and state. The joints are ediologi, political, economic, social, cultural, defense and security. The fade of nationalism and solidarity is one of the diseases that are suffered by children of this country. This factor is also the background for the emergence of awareness of the importance of education implementation multikurtural in building character/good manners. Characters based on a multicultural nation in accordance with the motto " Bhineka Tunggal Ika/ Unity in Diversity" should be the foundation in the development of the character / character the future of the nation of Indonesia. The purpose of this research are: (1) knowing how to approach memalui implementation of multicultural education and cultural values of Pancasila to build student character in meghadapi globalization in STKIP PGRI Sumenep; (2) determine the factors supporting and implementing multicultural education memalui approach and the cultural values of Pancasila in STKIP PGRI Sumenep. This research is a case study with research subjects covering STKIP PGRI Sumenep, chairman, faculty, and students. The approach used is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis method. The results of this study are: (1) to implement multicultural education through the approach of cultural values and Pancasila run very and able to build student character STKIP PGRI Sumenep (2) factors pendukunggnya is good cooperation between all the components in STKIP PGRI Sumenep, starting from the chairman, lecturers, students and parents of students. Their breadth to students in developing their potential through both intra and extra school. Keywords : Multicultural Education, Student Character. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um022v1i22016p089


To study the influence extent and law of near-ambient temperature changes on shock initiation characteristics of explosives, an experimental device with local heating and cooling to explosive was designed and established. Combined with Lagrangian analysis method, the growth process of shock initiation pressure at the near room temperature from 5 鈩?to 75 鈩?for two explosives (PBX-1: a HMX/TATB composite explosive; PBX-2: a TATB based IHE) was studied. Based on the experimental results, numerical simulation of the shock initiation process for two kinds of explosives was performed by the model of ignition growth. The results show that as temperature changing from 5 鈩?to 75 鈩? the growth of shock-initiation pressure of two kinds of explosives is gradually changing fast, the run distance to detonation becomes shorter and the reaction rate parameter G1 in the ignition growth model becomes larger, indicating that the two explosives become more sensitive to shock as near-ambient temperature increasing, the effects of near-ambient temperature changes on safety of explosives can not be ignored.


Biogas can be used as a renewable and green energy source by upgrading to natural gas. Water scrubbing, which is one of the most widely-applied upgrading technologies, involves an accurate knowledge of the solubility of the main biogas components in water, which is essential to the design and optimization of the biogas upgrading process. In this work, we use several thermodynamic models available in the Aspen Plus software modeling environment to calculate the solubility of the main biogas components (CO2, CH4, H2S, N2, O2) in water, considering physical absorption processes. Our modeling results are then compared with experimental data from the related literature, and the most suitable thermodynamic model is thus determined. Such an appropriately-selected model can then be efficiently applied for further analyses, such as the simulation of the water scrubbing process.


According to the uncertainty problem in the process of quad-rotor aircraft flight, As close to the actual flight environment, The nonlinear dynamic model of quad-rotor aircraft is established,On the basis of the backstepping, Analyzed the presence of interference control quantity expression and adaptive law.This paper puts forward a technique of backstepping and adaptive control technology,Through Matlab simulation and flight test of the designed adaptive inverse footwork the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified, The simulation results show that the system has good robustness.


This paper introduces the design and measurements for non-invasive blood glucose level (BGL) estimation using a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on photoplethysmography (PPG). The prototype consists of a PPG sensor connected to a microcontroller (MCU) Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense. The PPG-only based CNN model deployed on the MCU showed 89.28% of the predicted samples in zone A of a Clarke error grid (CEG). When the mean power spectrum feature from PPG signals was included, the results demonstrated an improvement in the accuracy to be 92.85%. The proposed system is real-time and non-invasive that can be used to replace the existing invasive glucometers.


Electrohydraulic unit for conversion of electrical into mechanical energy, comprising - an electric motor with a stationary part, the stator (3), and with a rotating part, which parts comprise magnets or electrical coils which generate electromagnetic fields, - at least one connection component for connecting the windings with at least one power supply, wherein the connection component extends through a through hole, - a receiving body (2) having the through hole with the connection component, and receives electrohydraulic valves and at least one, driven by the electric motor, a radial piston pump for a slip-controlled brake system, characterized in that - a second bearing point is arranged, the rotary part comprising a plurality of on a shaft (1) bearing (5, 7), - between the stator (3) and the receiving body (2) a support plate (4) is provided for grinding brush, which receives the connection component, - the support plate (4) has an opening (8) whose inner diameter for supporting one of the bearings (7), smaller than an outer diameter of said bearing ...


This paper introduces and describes new protocols for proving knowledge of secrets without giving them away: if the verifier does not know the secret, he does not learn it [1]. An implementation van be found in this volume [2].


Large-scale social graph data poses significant challenges for social analytic tools to monitor and analyze social networks. .e information-theoretic distance measure, namely, resistance distance, is a vital parameter for ranking influential nodes or community detection. .e superiority of resistance distance and Kirchhoff index is that it can reflect the global properties of the graph fairly, and they are widely used in assessment of graph connectivity and robustness. .ere are various measures of network criticality which have been investigated for underlying networks, while little is known about the corresponding metrics for mixed networks. In this paper, we propose the positive walk algorithm to construct the Hermitian matrix for the mixed graph and then introduce the Hermitian resistance matrix and the Hermitian Kirchhoff index which are based on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Hermitian Laplacian matrix. Meanwhile, we also propose a modified algorithm, the directed traversal algorithm, to select the edges whose removal will maximize the Hermitian Kirchhoff index in the general mixed graph. Finally, we compare the results with the algebraic connectivity to verify the superiority of the proposed strategy.


Aim: Pathologic tooth migration (PTM) has been defined as tooth displacement that occurs when the balance among the factors that maintain physiologic tooth position is disturbed by periodontal disease. The aim of this cross-sectional epidemiological study was to determine the prevalence of pathologic tooth migration among patients with periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Recorded documents of 370 patients (72.4% females, 27.6% males) within the age range of 17 to 70 years (mean 37.77 ± 11.46) were studied. Statistical analysis was carried out using t-test and Chi-square test. Results: Pathologic migration prevalence was 11.4% (35/314 patients), however, there was no pathologic migration in patients with mild chronic periodontitis. The Chi-square test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between males and females. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm that pathologic tooth migration is relatively common among periodontal patients and its prevalence is increased by the severity of periodontal disease.


Presented the theory,principles and methods of Image Retrieval——a new kind of technology in digital image processing.Analyzed the methods of Image Retrieval in common use,the methods of TBIR and CBIR,Discussed the application performances and characteristics of several typical Image Retrieval systems,and Put forward the new research branches of Image Retrieval technology.


With the wide application of electronic technology, the miniaturization and high frequency of switched power supply are worth studying. Switched capacitor is easy to achieve several times the step-down ratio, small volume characteristics, resonant circuit can achieve soft switching, high transmission efficiency. Combining the advantages of both, this paper proposes a single-stage topology combining multi-module switched capacitor unit and resonant network unit. The wide bandgap device GaN HEMT with preferable high-frequency performance and planar transformer are applied to increase power density and achieve better performance.


In this paper an optimized elliptical array antenna is presented. The side lobe level and directivity of the array is optimized using particle swarm based on fuzzy decision-making. In the implemented fuzzy system, inputs are parameters like population, and outputs are parameters such as some coefficient to produce the next generation. A fuzzy inference system is used for the control of the parameters of the particle swarm. Simulation results show the high quality of particle swarm optimization based on fuzzy logic. Amplitudes of the elliptical array antenna have been optimized with the novel design approach presented herein. This array can be used in a smart antenna in MIMO wireless communications systems.


O-UNI is defined as the optical interface between the service provider (optical transport network) and user client equipment. We have built and demonstrated an O-UNI testbed between IPv6 routers through optical network in IPv6 Global Summit, May 2002. This testbed enhances UNI 1.0 with three features: TNA addressing and resolution, control plan recovery, and IPv6 support in both control and data plane. It is more robust and suitable for clients to access to the optical networks.


Abbreviations Introduction 1. Ethos and History 2. The Delusions of Romanos III 3. Egregorsis: An awakening to human affairs 4. Philosophy and Philology 5. A Wicked Doctrine 6. Imperial Askesis 7. The Secrets of the Virgin 8. An Impious Doctrine 9. The Secular Imperium 10. The Repudiation of Monasticism 11. The Liberation of Philosophy from Christianity 12. The Triumph of Nature Over Faith 13. Virtual Divine Grace 14. The Unspeakable Mysteries of Providence 15. Providence: Pietism or Prudence? 16. The Degeneracy of the Official Religion 17. Patron of Blasphemers 18. Psellos' Enigmatic Confession of Faith 19. Philospohy and Rhetoric 20. The True NAture of Rhetoric 21. A Rhetorical Performance 22. The Redemption of Rhetoric 23. Political Philospohy and the Rehabilitation of the Body 24. Psellos and Isaac Komenos 25. Philosophy and the Throne 26. Who is the author of the Chronographia? Bibliography Index of Passages General Index


Modern therapeutic system has often been criticized for the toxicity associated with the drugs. To minimize this drawback, many researchers have focussed attention towards developing modulated drug delivery systems capable of releasing therapeutic agents in response to physiological requirements. Another class of modulated drug delivery systems are those in which pulsatile release of drugs is triggered by external signals. The former is known as self-regulated or responsive systems while the latter is known as externally regulated or pulsatile delivery systems. This article briefly describes the fundamental principles of various types of pulsatile as well as responsive drug delivery systems. Recent developments in the field of pulsatile systems based on external triggers such as electrical, ultrasound, magnetic and massages have been reported. This article also traces recent research in the field of polymer based temperature-sensitive, pH-responsive, inflammation-responsive and glucose-and other saccharide-sensitive systems; enzymebased urea-responsive, glucose-responsive and morphine-triggered systems; systems based on antibody interactions, and systems utilizing chelation.


Public safety event is a danger and urgent event that need early detection, fast response and exact recover. The efficient method for responding to a happening public safety event is to collect and describe the related data. In addition to the surveillance cameras from the physical space, the social media data can also be used to collect and describe the related data. In addition to the surveillance cameras from the physical space, the social media data can also be used to collect and describe the related data of a public safety event. In this paper the proposed method concentrates on the steps for describing public safety events. Given a public safety event, videos from the surveillance cameras and social messages from social sensors are collected. The different mode of information including texts, videos and spatial-temporal data is mined to give a description exactly and concisely. At first, the social sensors are associated to surveillance camera by the spatial and temporal information. Second, the social messages are associated to surveillance cameras by semantic information. In third step the social messages are associated to surveillance cameras by the visual features. Apart from the text, social sensors may upload images or videos. Finally the different mode of description is driven based on the three different associations.


Pump efficiency of an air-lift column, which is used for aeration in eutropic lake or the like, was studied experimentally. It is considered that the pump head is a function of gas holdup and frictional head loss. However, the momentum head loss is not important for the pump head. The pump efficiency is equal to the ratio of the true mean water velocity and the true mean air velocity if the frictional loss is neglected. The efficiency increases with the decrease in the diameter of the hole of the air distributor, and with the increase of water flow rate in a large column. In a small column the frictional loss can not be neglected, and hence, the efficiency has a peak as the water flow rate increases. The flow pattern of the two-phase flow has a considerable effect upon the efficiency, which is highest in the bubbly flow region. The maximum pump efficiency due to an air-lift column in this experiment was about 80%, however we can expect a higher efficiency.


In this article, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate of silver nanocap arrays was reported. With increasing the size of nanocaps, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the arrays exhibited tunable ability in the visible spectral region. The optical response of the nanocap arrays stimulated their use in SERS experiments. The assessment of SERS activity of the nanocap arrays was performed by using the 514.5 nm excitation line, and different average enhancement factor (EF) values were obtained. The good tunability of LSPR, relatively high average EF values and long-range order of these substrates suggest that the silver nanocap arrays have promising applications as functional components in spectroscopy, immunoassay, biosensors, and biochips.


IN THIS ISSUE OF THE JOURNAL, SINGER AND COLLEAGUES 1 report the findings from their prospective cohort study assessing the relationship between prenatal cocaine exposure and cognitive and developmental outcomes in 218 cocaine-exposed infants and 197 unexposed infants. After controlling for prenatal exposure to other drugs, gestational age and size at birth, and a number of caregiver characteristics, the authors found that infants who had in utero cocaine exposure scored on average 6 points lower than the comparison group on the Mental Scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 24 months of age. Rates of clinically important developmental delay on the scale were doubled in the cocaine-exposed group compared with the unexposed group (13.7% vs 7.1%, respectively). The study by Singer et al is the only 1 of 10 peerreviewed, adequately controlled, large-scale, prospective longitudinal studies to show an unequivocal negative association between toddlers' developmental test scores and prenatal exposure to cocaine. Discrepancies among similar controlled longitudinal masked studies are of great scientific interest if the factors contributing to such discrepancies can be elucidated. Do children from the geographical area (ie, Cleveland) in the study by Singer et al experience more ill effects of prenatal cocaine exposure than those studied elsewhere? Since cocaine is an illegal substance, the extent of either its potency or its possible contamination by other potential toxins cannot be determined. Thus, it is impossible to know whether the drug used by women in Cleveland differs significantly from that in other studies from other cities where no such ill effects were found. Moreover, as the authors point out, their clinical selection criteria may have biased their sample toward a group of mothers who were heavy cocaine users. Other cohorts described in the literature are apparently more heterogeneous in the amount of cocaine use. Also, the cocaine-exposed sample in the study by Singer et al includes a substantial number of premature infants who are often excluded from other study samples. Prematurity, with or without prenatal substance exposure, is often associated with persistent developmental impairments. Although the authors controlled for gestational age, prenatal cocaine exposure may increase the risk of delayed development at 2 years of age only in children most heavily exposed or primarily in children who have a second serious biological risk factor such as prematurity. Although considering residual confounding in observational studies is important, Singer and colleagues do control for a number of important covariates, but others are not measured, including potentially protective factors such as participation in home visiting and other early intervention programs. Singer and colleagues have made an important contribution to an evolving research field, raising many new issues for future investigation and replication. However, on the basis of the long and ignoble history of "crack babies," a major concern is how these findings will be interpreted and applied by other researchers, physicians, and the public. The social and biological correlates of prenatal cocainepolydrug exposure vary from sample to sample, so that one must avoid applying sweeping generalizations from any single sample to all cocaine-exposed children nationwide. Understanding factors that potentiate or moderate the potential impact of a toxic exposure is critical to clinical care and public policy because these factors may be amenable to programmatic interventions. The popular perception of the "crack kid" preceded and exceeded the findings of Singer et al and undoubtedly shaped physicians' attitudes and public policies. Why do such perceptions persist? The answer provides a cautionary tale of the interface between science, clinical care, attitudes about drugs, the media, and the law. Addiction, illegality, prenatal toxicity, and poor outcomes are linked in the public and professional mind. In reality, scientific evidence for prenatal toxicity and teratogenicity is equivocal for some drugs and stronger for others. Inaccurate public expectations of correspondence between illegality and toxicity lead to distortions in interpreting and applying scientific findings. For example, although the study by Singer et al also finds some adverse effects related to prenatal tobacco and cocaine exposure, these results are


MINI: A new multimodal nutritional management (MNM) protocol was applied for patients receiving primary lumbar spine surgery. The MNM protocol effectively reduced ALB infusion, the incidence of electrolyte disorders and LOS, increased the postoperative levels of ALB and electrolyte, without increasing the rate of postoperative complications.

STUDY DESIGN
A prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect and safety of a new multimodal nutritional management (MNM) protocol for patients receiving primary lumbar spine surgery.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Poor nutritional status is common in the perioperative period in primary lumbar spine surgery, and may impede recovery after surgery.

METHODS
A total of 187 patients were included in this prospective randomized controlled trial. They were randomly assigned to the MNM group or the control group. Albumin (ALB) infusion, postoperative ALB level, electrolyte disorders, postoperative electrolyte levels, transfusion rate, postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) level, length of stay (LOS), and complications were compared between the groups.

RESULTS
Compared with the control group, the rate and the total amount of ALB infusion were lower in the MNM group, and the postoperative level of ALB in the MNM group was higher on the first postoperative day (POD1), and the third postoperative day (POD3). The incidence of hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypocalcemia were lower in the MNM group. In the MNM group, the postoperative levels of sodium, potassium, and calcium were higher than the control group. The transfusion rate was similar between the two groups. The Hb level was similar between the two groups on POD1, but was higher in the MNM group on POD3. LOS in the MNM group was shorter than in the control group. The incidence of wound drainage was lower in the MNM group. No statistical differences were observed regarding surgical complications between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The MNM protocol effectively reduced ALB infusion, the incidence of electrolyte disorders, and wound drainage, increased the postoperative levels of ALB, sodium, potassium, and calcium, and reduced the LOS without increasing the rate of postoperative complications.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
2.


Kechris and Martin showed that the Wadge rank of the ω-th level of the decreasing difference hierarchy of coanalytic sets is ω2 under the axiom of determinacy. In this article, we give an alternative proof of the Kechris-Martin theorem, by understanding the ω-th level of the decreasing difference hierarchy of coanalytic sets as the (relative) hyperarithmetical processes with finite mind-changes. Based on this viewpiont, we also examine the gap between the increasing and decreasing difference hierarchies of coanalytic sets by relating them to the Π1and Σ 1 1-least number principles, respectively. We also analyze Weihrauch degrees of related principles.


This paper analyzes the factors that affect students' autonomous learning from the aspects of teaching interaction, the binding force of curriculum to students, the application of network and electronic products. On the basis of this, we put forward that taking the molecular biology course of biotechnology major and bio-pharmacy Major as a teaching reform template in our university, and based on the network teaching platform of molecular biology, adopt flipped classroom as the main form to improve students' autonomous learning ability, and promote their ability of lifelong learning, so that they can adapt to the development of pharmaceutical biotechnology industry.

Key words:
Network teaching platform; Flipped classroom; Molecular biology; Autonomous learning


This paper compares theoretically three alternative university systems: the current one adopted in Brazil, in which students who perform better in the entering exam obtain the right to attend the public university without paying the full tuition; a system of affirmative action quotas in public universities, to benefit low income students; and a targeted vouchers system that can be used either to pay private or public university tuiton. The comparison indicates that the last system leads to: (i) a higher quality of the labor force; (ii) a more efficient allocation of resources; and (iii) a greater social mobility.


Dust presented in experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) with mixed plasma-facing materials has been collected and characterized for the first time. Dust at different positions in the vessel was collected by vacuum cleaner after the first experimental campaign in 2019. The shape, composition, and size of dust particles have been analyzed using different methods. About 80% of the total number of dust particles have size between 20 and 80 μm, and most of dust particles are spherical, while schistose shape, columnar and irregular shape were also found. With the help of energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy different elements of dust have been identified, which is generally consistent with the different plasma-facing components in EAST. Both x-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer are complementary methods for measuring the dust composition quantitatively. It was found that the major components of dust were lithium dust in the form of lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide, which is due to the routine lithium wall conditioning during EAST operation.


Presents a design method of a decentralized controller for large scale linear interconnected systems using an interaction model. An aggregated model that reflects the real interaction is considered as an interaction model. A sufficient condition for the total system to be stable is presented relating to the interconnections among sub-systems, when the total system is controlled via each local feedback controller proposed here using the available information.


Water is a nutrient of extreme importance for animals and must be considered vital in any rearing phase. The increasing scarcity of this precious natural resource has concerned different segments of society in order to find solutions for rational and sustainable use of this nutrient. Small ruminants, especially sheep and goats, have social and economic importance due to their great ability in adapting to adverse environmental conditions and using water efficiently. Thus, they might be a good alternative to mitigate the climate change effects and to generate foreign exchange and improving life condition in many places of the world. The concept of water productivity for livestock production is relatively new and there are few studies in the world, especially in Brazil. More researches and new technologies for water use in livestock production are indispensable.


China became an important engine of growth for the world during the recent global financial crisis, mainly because of the Chinese government's willingness and ability to stimulate aggregate demand quickly and effectively. China has been able to achieve that partly because of the legacy of central planning before the reform. The local governments implement infrastructure and other projects effectively and quickly, and the state-owned banks lend freely, under the guidance of the central government. These institutional arrangements, however, have been responsible for China's sustained growth since reform began in 1978. They are more for development than for aggregate demand management. The recent event only heightens the merits of its growth-promoting system. A question arises regarding the merits of the Chinese system of market socialism in general. Regarding economic theories, the outstanding performance of the Chinese economy has three implications: (1) Keynesianism is still alive; (2) Gerschenkron's theories of economic backwardness remain valid – that is, the larger the gap, the greater the need to socialize investment risks, and the more forceful the government's intervention needs to be; and hence (3) the more imbalanced the development process will be. These imbalances present daunting challenges.


Abstract Defense Studies in Brazilian academia is somewhat recent, which means that much remains to be discovered and investigated. Although many defense themes - defense economics, military technology, strategic studies, among others - are addressed and, therefore, of great interest to analysts in the field, it should be noted that, in relation to the epistemological structure, much is left to be desired. When dealing with Defense Studies one can glimpse the fragmentation of the area, which results in the absence of a clear vision of its harmonic dimension, as well as in the lack of necessary scientific rigor (DOMINGOS NETO, 2014).


T POTENTIAL trade gap of developing countries other than petroleum-exporters during the second Development Decade . would amount to 837.5 billion. It can be closed if the rate of growth of exports of developing countries as a whole is stepped up to approximately 7.3 per cent per annum (corresponding to a.bout 5.8 per cent per annum for developing countries other than petroleum-exporters), and provided that the r per cent assistance target is achieved. If, however, export performance or assistance provided falls short of these rates, part of the burden of adjustment will fall on import substitution. As analysed later, a reduction of one percentage point in the ratio of imports to GDP would lower import requirements by S4-5 billion. This calculation, however, makes no allowance for any consequendal increase in capital costs.


We describe two brothers and a cousin with common clinical features, including mild mental retardation, motor delays, hypotonia with truncal ataxia, esotropia, and mild facial and hand dysmorphia. The initial routine chromosome study failed to detect any abnormality in the proband. Based on a high index of clinical suspicion, high‐resolution chromosome studies were performed on the proband's parents. A small reciprocal translocation t(10;14) (q26.1;q32.3) was detected in the father. The breakpoint on the derivative chromosome 14 was further placed telomeric to the immunoglobulin heavy‐chain gene cluster at the band q32.33 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Studies of the proband and two affected paternal cousins revealed that each had inherited the same derivative chromosome 10 from their carrier parents. This unbalanced karyotype resulted from an adjacent‐1 segregation of the 10;14 translocation.


in singletons (p , 0.001). No differences were found concerning other adverse outcomes (perinatal mortality or neurological sequelae The higher incidence of preterm deliveries together with the higher incidence of LBW in term deliveries accounted for the lower mean weight of all infants born in the study group compared to controls. Conclusions: Vanishing twins increased the risks of pre-term delivery and of LBW in term deliveries. Our data support the hypothesis that vanishing twins could be one of the causes for the higher risk of adverse obstetric outcome in IVF singletons. in r-FSH group (p ¼ 0.001). The clinical pregnancy rate was 35.1% in HP-hMG and 26.3% in rFSH group (p ¼ 0.4). The frequency of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome due to excessive response was 2.7% with HP-hMG and 7.9% with rFSH (p ¼ 0.3). Conclusion: In PCO women undergoing IVF, stimulation with HP-hMG is safe and associated with significantly fewer intermediate-sized follicles and peak estradiol level. The clinical pregnancy rate was similar in two groups. to the efficacy of and RSV on ovulation stimulated by mare gonadotropin (PMSG) and hCG. size and corpora lutea were counted in H&E sections of both the ovaries from each group. When ovaries were collected after ovulation, there were more corpora lutea and fewer preovulatory-sized unruptured follicles in the RSV-treated ovaries than in the PDTC and control groups. The most remarkable change observed in PDTC-treated ovaries was the failure of the cumulus complex to detach from the mural granulosa layer and to undergo full expansion. None of these findings were observed in the RSV and control groups. Conclusions: Inhibition of NF- k B pathway with PDTC does not affect the ovu- lation rate. RSV has been successfully employed in the current study suggest that antioxidant treatment has a role in stimulating the growth of follicles to the preovulatory stage of development and in increasing follicular rupture. Knowledge about the activity of RSV in ovulation may be important to be able to pharmaceutically modify the ovulatory process in a stimulatory way to increase ovulation number. abnormalities was 30,6% and 15,9%, respectively. The frequency of oocyte dysmorphisms clearly correlated with a decrease of fertilization rate. The per- centage of oocytes with regular fertilization (2 pronuclei) was significantly reduced when triptorelin acetate was administered compared to the application of other agonists (64,1% vs. 69,9% to 72,7%) p , 0,001. Hence, there was a clear correlation between reduced oocyte quality and decrease of fertilization rate after application of urofollitropin as compared to other gonadotrophins (65,2% vs. 70,0% to 71,9%). Almost all analysed oocyte abnormalities (except structure of the first polar body) lead to a significant reduction of fertilization rate. High pregnancy rates and live birth rates were found to application of menotrophin-HP (35,4%; 29,2%) and follitropin alpha (35,5%; 29,7%) compared to urofollitropin (31,3%; 21,9%). Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that the choice of the stimulation regime has a significant influence on the morphological development of human MII oocytes. Regarding the type of GnRH protocol the application of both agonist and antagonist protocols could be recommended, except the use of triptorelin acetate. Therapies with recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (follitropin alpha, follitropin beta) or menotrophin–HP should be preferred since they result in higher proportions of MII oocytes with "ideal" morphology, and higher fertilization rates -, pregnancy- and live birth rates as compared to urofollitropin. Objective: The majority of studies comparing recombinant FSH versus urinary FSH have been done in IVF, and a number of meta-analysis are available. However, as far as we know, there are no meta-analysis on recombinant FSH vs urinary FSH in intrauterine insemination. Material and methods: Electronic search in Medline and the Cochrane Library with a variety of keywords used, including "recombinant FSH", "urinary FSH", "insemination intrauterine" for the period from 1966 to December 2007. 515 articles were obtained, wich were manually reviewed to select those comparing the use of urinary FSH or recombinant FSH for ovarian stimulation in IUI cycles. We also reviewed manually the abstract books of the annual meeting of the ESHRE and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine from 1998 to 2006. Cross citations were investigated, mainly with Google scholar. Some authors were contacted to clarify aspects of their work. Meta-analysis was performed following Der- Simonian method. Six prospective randomized trials were identified. In three of them the same dose was used in rec FSH and urinary FSH (150 IU in two of them, 100 in another) (group "equal dose" (ratio 1/1)). In the remaining 3, a higher dose was employed in urinary FSH than in rec FSH (group superior dose (ratio 3/2) (75 vs 50 in two; 150 vs 100 in another) Results: In the "equal dose" group the PR was 12.3% (56/455) in urinary FSH vs 17.7% (68/ 385) in rec FSH. The for ovulation induction in this patient population. + and fertilization vs + 17.6%) were also comparable between the SD and MD group, respect- ively. Significantly less GnRH antagonist injections (2.5 + 1.2 vs 5.4 + 1.3 vials) were used in the SD protocol. In the SD group the majority of the donors (77.7%) needed further daily GnRH antagonist injections (ranging from 1 to 6 vials). Embryo replacement ensued in 78 and 80 recipients, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the number of transferred embryos (2 + 0.4 vs 2 + 0.4) or clinical (47.4% vs 51.2%) and ongoing pregnancy (38.4% vs 46.2%) rates between the two groups. Implantation (30.5% vs 34.9%), miscarriage and twinning rates were also comparable. Conclusions: When comparing stimulation cycles of the same oocyte donor treated with a SD and MD GnRH antagonist protocol we have found no significant differences in ovarian response and recipient pregnancy rates. Signifi- cantly less GnRH antagonist injections were used in the study group, on average three vials were saved using the SD protocol. Our preliminary results suggest that in the context of oocyte donation the SD GnRH antagonist protocol could be as successfully used as the MD protocol. The authors declare no conflict of interest for the present study. purified urinary FSH (FSH-HP) for hyperstimulation IVF or ICSI cycles outcome was live birth rate and per randomised rate, pregnancy rate, of oocytes, of gonadotrophin used, duration of and Results are presented as means and standard deviation, or rates with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Twenty-eight out of 40 prospectively registered and screened patients fulfilled all inclusion criteria on the day of AFC assessment in the planned treatment cycle and proceeded to OPU. The number of COCs retrieved was 9.0 (8.4). The maturation rate per GV oocyte was 40.5% (29%) resulting in 4.1 (4.8) MII oocytes per patient. After ICSI, 3.5 (2.8) 2PN oocytes were available for freezing. Five out of 28 patients had maturation or fertilization failure. Sur-vival rate after vitrification and thawing was 92.9%. Two out of 28 patients had not undergone a frozen-thawed cycles as yet. The number of embryo transfers was 1.3 (0.6) per patient. The cumulative clinical pregnancy rate and the cumulative ongoing pregnancy rate per ITT was 5/28 (17.9%; 95% CI: 9.0–32.5%). The cumulative clinical and ongoing pregnancy rate per patient with at least one embryo transfer was 5/21 (23.8%; 95% CI: 12.1–41.6%). The ongoing pregnancy rate per first frozen-thawed cycle was 2/21 (9.5%; 95% CI: 3.2– 25.1. As yet, three healthy children have been born, one pregnancy is still ongoing, and one pregnancy aborted in the 13th gestational week. Conclusion: This study is proof of the concept that IVM combined with elective cryopreservation will result in an acceptable chance of ongoing pregnancy in patients intended to be treated with IVM, who present with an AFC of (cid:2) 10. It is necessary to obtain a more precise estimate of the true treatment effect by conducting larger sized studies. Nevertheless, the present results compare favourably with our historical controls (von Otte et al., Geburtsh Frauenheilk 2007; 67: 1009–1017) of 57 patients with fresh embryo transfer after IVM. Introduction: Successful ovulation induction requires accurate follicular monitoring by transvaginal ultrasound. Usually, the two greater diameters are measured for all visible follicles, which may take a long time when multiple follicles are present. This is especially true for young women with good ovarian reserve like egg donors. A new software has recently been developed called SonoAVC (Automatic Volume Calculation,GE Medical Systems, Austria) which allows rapid calculation of follicular diameters and volumes after acquisition of an ovarian volume by three dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (3D US). Three dimensional ultrasound is easy and quick to perform, with minimal time expense and discomfort for the patient. We have shown that introduction of this new technique in an IVF program is feasible and poten- tially advantageous compared to conventional 2D US (Fertil Steril 2008;90:S21), but we believe that clinical studies are needed to further assess the reliability and universal clinical application of this new method. Our previous study indicated that applicability of SonoAVC depends on image quality, which was good in approximately 60% of patients. The objective of the present study was to prospectively compare 2D US and 3D/SonoAVC US in egg donors and to assess image quality in the donor population. Material & Methods: Prospective observational study of 42 donors undergoing ovarian stimulation and egg retrieval from June to December 2008 who were monitored either by conventional 2D ultrasound (controls; n ¼ 23) or by 3D ultrasound and SonoAVC (Cases; n ¼ 19). Ovulation induction was carried out in all gro


Introduction: Global and compartmental volumes of brain parenchyma are often used as clinical observations or statistical covariates. To achieve such quantification, brain voxels must be classified as grey-matter (GM) or white matter (WM), and summed in volume units. Several automated segmentation tools can be used for this purpose, but they have not been validated against external criteria, such as detailed post-mortem analyses, or against each other. Methods: We used SPM5 and SIENAX 2.4 (FSL3.3) to derive volumes of grey (GM) and white (WM) matter in 56 healthy subjects (26 females, 30 males, mean age 49±13, range 22-80) participating in a genetic study. All of the parameters, except the priors in SIENAX, were set to default values. MRI was performed with a GE 1.5T Signa, using SPGR (TR/TE/TI/FA 28/6/0/40) and acquired an axial slab of 104 slices yielding reconstructed voxel dimensions of .94 x .94 x1.50 mm. After segmentation, compartmental volumes in native space were computed by summing the intensities of segmented images. SPM and SIENAX volumetric results were compared to each other, as well as their age regressions. Statistical analyses consisted of product-moment linear regressions and appropriate ANOVA and ANCOVA models. Results: Both methods yielded significant correlations with age in the expected directions, and estimates of parenchymal volumes were highly correlated (r=0.72, p<.0001 for GM, r=0.80, p<.0001 for WM). However, without use of priors in SIENAX, GM was significantly higher with SPM (0.66 ± .07 Vs 0.52 ± .06 L, p<.0001) and WM was significantly higher with SIENAX (0.48 ± .07 Vs 0.46 ± .07 L, p<.0001). Fig.1A shows individual GM volume for all 56 subjects; the age regression can easily be discerned, as well as the underestimation of GM volume by default SIENAX. Visual examination of segmented images suggested that SIENAX misclassified GM as CSF mostly in deep cortical regions such as the insula and cingulate gyrus as shown in Fig.2c, where regions of interest are outlined by red dotted lines. With the use of priors in SIENAX as shown in Fig.1B and Fig.2d, both methods achieved excellent agreement (r=.95, p<.0001): GM and WM volumes were found to be 0.64 ± .07 L and 0.47 ± .07 L. respectively. Discussion: The volumes we measured with SPM5 and SIENAX (with priors) were in good agreement with the literature, indicating the validity of our procedures. We conclude that SIENAX requires priors for accurate volumetric estimates in a single contrast T1W modality. Investigators using SIENAX at its default settings, which do not include use of priors, are likely to obtain absolute values that are inaccurate (underestimated GM, overestimated WM and CSF), and further confounded by gender interaction, although age regressions are preserved.


Electrocardiogram (ECG) classification has become an essential task of modern day wearable devices, and can be used to detect cardiovascular diseases. State-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based ECG classifiers have been designed using various artificial neural networks (ANNs). Despite their high accuracy, ANNs require significant computational resources and power. Herein, three different ANNs have been compared: multilayer perceptron (MLP), convolutional neural network (CNN), and spiking neural network (SNN) only for the ECG classification. The ANN model has been developed in Python and Theano, trained on a central processing unit (CPU) platform, and deployed on a PYNQ-Z2 FPGA board to validate the model using a Jupyter notebook. Meanwhile, the hardware accelerator is designed with Overlay, which is a hardware library on PYNQ. For classification, the MIT-BIH dataset obtained from the Physionet library is used. The resulting ANN system can accurately classify four ECG types: normal, atrial premature contraction, left bundle branch block, and premature ventricular contraction. The performance of the ECG classifier models is evaluated based on accuracy and power. Among the three AI algorithms, the SNN requires the lowest power consumption of 0.226 W on-chip, followed by MLP (1.677 W), and CNN (2.266 W). However, the highest accuracy is achieved by the CNN (95%), followed by MLP (76%) and SNN (90%).


This paper presents the results of measuring the velocity of the plasma boundary during the compression of a metallic gas-puff Z pinch in an axial magnetic field. The experiment was conducted on the IMRI-5 facility (current pulse of 450-kA amplitude with a 450-ns rise time); the initial magnetic field Bz0 was varied in the range of 0.15–0.6 T. To measure the compression velocity, B-dot probes were used successfully. The data obtained with the B-dot probes agree with the results obtained by other methods [visible imaging and determination of the pinch radius as a function of the time-varying pinch inductance L(t)]. It is shown that the plasma compression velocity is (1–1.5) × 107 cm/s at Bz0 = 0 and 0.6 × 107 cm/s at Bz0 = 0.6 T.


Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) in the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium are specialized sensors of luminal chemicals and forces. Upon stimulation, EECs release a variety of neurotransmitters and hormones, but cellular mechanisms of excitation‐secretion coupling are poorly understood. We recently discovered that a population of EECs expresses the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo2, which is necessary for force‐dependent intracellular Ca2+ increase and serotonin release. However, the molecular mechanism that links Piezo2 and serotonin release is unknown. In other sensory systems, the Cacna1h‐encoded t‐type voltage‐gated calcium channel Cav3.2 is important in mechanotransduction for linking mechanical activation with neurotransmitter release.


Networked embedded systems are a fast growing application for embedded systems. Choices taken during the system design can inuence the network conguration and vice versa. It poses new challenges in design and simulation domains. It is very important at the early stages of the design of networked embedded systems to simulate both embedded systems and networked environment in which they operate. Besides, due to limited available energy, simulate the energy consumption in networked embedded systems is also almost imperative. In this paper, we propose a new view for design and analysis of simulator for networked embedded systems dening four domains to capture and describe networked embedded systems with purpose of simulation. It is also presented an elaborate comparison and analysis of four simulators designed to networked embedded systems.


When new industries emerge, initial locations are usually unevenly distributed across space and differ with respect to their participation in the growth of the industry during its life cycle. To ex...


The MINOS experiment has the potential to observe or set more stringent limits on the appearance of electron neutrinos. Critical to the ability to resolve a possible signal is an accurate prediction of the total background from all neutrinos at the MINOS Far Detector. Upon measuring the most significant background components at the MINOS Near Detector, it is possible to extrapolate and predict the number of background events expected at the MINOS Far Detector. The electron neutrino appearance sensitivity for the MINOS experiment is shown based on the data-driven estimates of the background obtained from the Near Detector data.


The present invention includes treatment of the hollow body has a hollow body in hard to access to be protected from corrosion by having the cellular injection foam for supporting the corrosion resistance agent surface (18). Also included is the production of a metal structure 10 due to the assembly of the structure 10 and applying a corrosion-resistant treatment to a hard surface (18) of access after construction 10. The invention is particularly applicable to railroad cars.


Facing shrinking reimbursement rates and a growing list of administrative tasks, many primary care physicians are exploring alternative practice options, including direct-pay models.


It analyzes the current situation, existing problems and the gap of Chinese sulfuric acid industry Based on the analysis of the marketing and consumption of sulfuric acid, it further predicts the internal and external pressure and competitiveness of the sulfuric acid industry after China's entry into WTO, meanwhile, it gives suggestions for the emphasis of future development and relative policies


Arguably, the integrated circuit (IC) industry has received robust scientific and technological attention due to the ultra-small and extremely fast transistors since past four decades that consents to Moore's law. The introduction of new interconnect materials as well as innovative architectures has aided for large-scale miniaturization of devices, but their contributions were limited. Thus, the focus has shifted toward the development of new integration approaches that reduce the interconnect delays which has been achieved successfully by three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC). At this juncture, semiconductor industries utilize Cu–Cu bonding as a key technique for 3D IC integration. This review paper focuses on the key role of low temperature Cu–Cu bonding, renaissance of the low temperature bonding, and current research trends to achieve low temperature Cu–Cu bonding for 3D IC and heterogeneous integration applications. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4038392]


ABSTRACT In response to neoliberal food and agriculture policy, peasant movements fought for increased state support of the small-farm sector. Vía Campesina now proposes agroecology and localized trade as environmental solutions to the current climate crisis by advocating for the 'peasant way.' This discourse is problematic because peasant farmers are not inherently supportive of local, sustainable food. Drawing on ethnographic field research with indigenous peasant communities in the rural highlands of Ecuador, this article illustrates how existing peasants practice chemical-intensive, monocrop, and export-oriented production. In using peasant as an ideal type rather than an historical ethno-class, post-development scholars essentialize peasant agriculture.


We developed a computational framework for automated integration of a large number of two-dimensional (2D) images with three-dimensional (3D) image datasets located in the standard 3D coordinate. We applied the framework to 2,810 para-sagittal sectioned mouse brain 2D images of in situ hybridization (ISH), archived in the BrainTx database (http://www.cdtdb.neuroinf.jp). We registered the ISH images into the mouse standard coordinate space for MR images, Waxholm space (WHS, https://www.nitrc.org/projects/incfwhsmouse) by linearly transforming them into each of a series of para-sagittal MR image slices, and identifying the best-fit slice by calculating the similarity metric value (δ). Transformed 2D images were compared with 3D gene expression image datasets, which were made using a microtomy-based microarray assay system, Transcriptome Tomography, and archived in the ViBrism DB (http://vibrism.neuroinf.jp): the 3D images are located in the WHS. We first transformed ISH images of 10 regionally expressed genes and compared them to signals of corresponding 3D expression images in ViBrism DB for evaluating the integration schema: two types of data, produced with different modalities and originally located in different dimensions, were successfully compared after enhancing ISH signals against background noise. Then, for the massive transformation of BrainTx database images, we parallelized our framework, using the IPython cluster package, and implemented it on the PC cluster provided for the Brain Atlasing Hackathon activity hosted by Neuroinformatics Japan Center in Japan. We could identify the best-fit positions for all of the ISH images. All programs were made available through the GitHub repository, at the web site of neuroinformatics/bah2016_registration (https://github.com/neuroinformatics/bah2016_registration).


With the reducing prevalence of leprosy worldwide, some health workers in low endemic countries see less than one new case a year. They are losing the essential skills for the management of leprosy. In the context of a declining disease burden, fewer resources and, most importantly, declining clinical expertise in leprosy, capacity development assumes a greater importance. As more leprosy control programmes are integrated into primary health care services, they need the necessary capacity to manage leprosy and its complications. National leprosy expertise will only be maintained if endemic countries and their partners invest in long-term human resource development. Adequate training of staff, an effective referral network and supportive supervision are essential for timely and effective care. WHO has developed a Capacity Development Strategydesigned to help countries to analyse their training needs and address the political will to maintain learning at a high level. WHO suggests that we identify suitable institutions and establish training programmes for national-level experts, including dermatologists and trainers. However, how do we solve the problem of lack of expertise at the grass roots level? How do we help community health workers or local medical officers to manage leprosy in their contexts? For a start, we need appropriate training and learning materials (and methods) for different categories of health personnel. In Nigeria, Netherlands Leprosy Relief have assisted the National Leprosy Control Programmeto develop 'suspect and refer' training for all health workers. Only those workers in centres known to have active leprosy cases receive additional training on confirming diagnosis, giving MDT, managing complications, and so on. We may also need to extend our training beyond health personnel, and include, for example social workers and community development workers. In many countries where the


2014 The Zeeman effect has been used to analyse the fine structure of the lowest 4T2 level of Mn2+ in ZnS. We have measured the Zeeman splittings and the relative intensities for different polarizations in a 100 kG superconducting magnet. In order to interpret the experimental spectra, a cluster model is assumed and Ham effects are considered. A medium Jahn-Teller coupling with an E vibrational mode can explain the Zeeman splittings observed in high magnetic field. A better fit is obtained for S = 2 than for S = 0.6, the value previously proposed from uniaxial stress experiments. However the theoretical intensities are not in good agreement with those observed. J. Physique 41 (1980) 161-168


Project for writing an article on: people and organizations, psychoanalytic theories and stories from experience. Writing in psychoanalysis involves a complex event of transformation of both the writer and the reader; it is a process in progress which also modifies the text itself, whose meaning extents can always be expanded through a dreamlike listening to the written text, through "dreaming" as a primary psychoanalytic function of the mind. Therefore we offer here an "unfinished" text: the project of a paper on some aspects of the "relationship between persons and organizations", according to different theoretical conceptualizations and different fields of clinical observation. It was a text planned in three parts (with a long narrative of a "clinical" event inside of an organization, too) which had reached different degrees of processing and writing development. The reader can read / listen and re-write subjectively what was suggested, bringing developments of thought unknown to the text itself.


First, we demonstrate that 3D designed freestanding graphene architecture can be fabricated in a controlled manner, which can be expandable from the mirco and nanometer scale. A 3D patterned SiC wafer was used to grow a 3D designed freestanding graphene architecture (Fig. 1). More interestingly, the 3D designed freestanding graphene architecture was very mechanically sustainable under elastic or plastic deformation, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy. This mechanical sustainability made electrical current though the 3D graphene architecture reversible under the deformation process, as observed by conducting AFM.


The film 〈A History of Violence〉 is a 2005 film directed by David Cronenberg. Through this research which follows character Tom and his family's ordeal, depicts the character of violence and how it connects to the orgin of America's past. Tom's defensive violence itself became fundamentally the cause. As his identity is revealed, the study will also examine his family's transformation step by step. Tom's depensive act makes him an unlikely hero and his family struggles with his change. -their reaction to Tom and how Tom reacts to his family after ending vicious circle of violence. Through Tom, American history will be highlighted along with American family's orgin, and how this film expressed implications and symbolism.


The present invention relates to a blood pressure measuring method and apparatus using a pulse wave propagation time and the physical characteristic parameters. The present invention is an input for receiving a physical characteristic parameters, blood pressure of the subject instruction; A storage unit, PTT measurement unit for using a corresponding electrocardiogram (ECG) information, and the photoelectric volume pulse wave (PPG) information on the subject to calculate the value the pulse wave transit time (PTT), the blood pressure measurement command to store one or more considering the value of the argument configured to correspond to a display unit by using the physical characteristic parameters, said pulse wave transit time values and the set calculating the regression equation of the subject displays the determination unit and the calculated blood pressure value, for calculating a blood pressure value corresponding to the subject a do. Thus, by the invention, it is possible to subject the simplicity it is unnecessary to perform individual correction First, by using a non-invasive way to measure blood pressure, continuous blood pressure measurement. BP, PTT, ECG, PPG


Introduction: Waist circumference (WC) is a measure of central obesity, which is an established indicator of the risk of chronic disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of WC and risk of metabolic abnormality at two frequently used measurement sites in Thailand namely, at the umbilicus level (WC-U) and midway between the lowest rib and iliac crest (WC-M). Methods: Healthy adults aged 35-60 years living in Sung Noen District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand were recruited by convenience for the study (N=296). WC was measured at two locations (WC-U and WC-M). Socioeconomic, health-habits, and physical-activity data were collected. Six ml blood samples from each participant were taken for analysis of glucose, lipids and C-reactive protein concentrations. Association between WC-U and WC-M was determined statistically. Results: WC measurements taken at WC-U and WC-M correlated strongly with each other in men (r=0.978, p<0.001), and in women (r=0.873, p<0.001). Both WC-U and WC-M correlated significantly with BMI, blood pressure, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in both men and women. Intraclass correlation analysis confirmed highly significant associations between these two WC-measurement sites in men (ICC=0.960, p<0.001) and women (ICC=0.808, p<0.001). Conclusions: The results confirmed that both WC-U and WC-M can be used to monitor health status in men and women; however, WC-U is a simpler procedure for community health-risk surveillance and for self-monitoring.


The technological advancements have not only made humans more civilized but have also caused the micro-organisms to develop several survival strategies via antimicrobial resistance to keep pace. Such highly developed microbial systems have been classified as superbugs, exhibiting Trojan-horse mechanism. This uncertain behaviour in microbes has challenged humans to scour around novel moiety to shield themselves from the detrimental effects. One such natural phenomenon that has drawn the attention of researchers is the metal-microbe interaction where microbes were found to be controlled during their interaction with metals. Fine tuning could bestow them with enhanced physico-chemical properties capable of controlling life-threatening micro-organisms. Nano forms of metals (nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymeric nanostructures) exhibiting medicinal properties have been implied toward biomedical theranostics. This chapter highlights the mechanistic antimicrobial resistance and the containment strategy using various nano assemblage highlighting its fabrication and bio-molecular interaction.