Cellular metabolic adaptations play a central role in the body's response to environmental changes and external stimuli and allow the maintenance of a proper energy balance. Transcriptional activators enable the integration of incoming signals and sensing of altered energy levels. Dysregulation of such metabolic pathways is a common mechanism of various tissue dysfunctions contributing to different diseases. A key player in cellular metabolism is the transcriptional coregulator Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α). PGC-1α is expressed in tissues with high basal oxidative capacity such as brain and muscle and regulates the expression of a plethora of genes in response to various external cues, including exercise and fasting. This makes PGC-1α an extremely powerful metabolic sensor and a potential therapeutic target in metabolic diseases. Similarly, its downregulation during muscle aging and its central function in the control of mitochondrial gene expression suggests its crucial role in the development of age-related muscle disorders. However, to establish the true therapeutic potential of PGC-1α, it is important to evaluate its impact on metabolic sensing in those tissues and the consequences of its modulation in such pathological conditions.

To determine the role of PGC-1α in central metabolic sensing and brain regulation of energy balance, we deleted the coactivator specifically in murine AgRP and POMC neurons located in the arcuate nucleus. The ablation of PGC-1α in POMC neurons did not reveal any major phenotype. Conversely, absence of PGC-1α in AgRP cells drove an increase in fat mass coupled with a reduction in locomotor activity and body temperature. Mice lacking the transcriptional coactivator in AgRP neurons exhibited a blunted leptin response and reduced food intake in fed and fasted conditions. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that fasting-induced AgRP expression is blunted in those mice and in an immortalized AgRP cell line, thereby leading to reduced feeding response upon fasting. Collectively, our results highlight a novel role for PGC-1α in neuronal regulation of energy homeostasis, which could be of therapeutic interest for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.

To determine the role of PGC-1α in muscle aging, we used muscle-specific PGC-1α deletion and overexpression mouse models. We confirmed that PGC-1α preserves mitochondrial function and protein expression, as well as muscle endurance during aging. More importantly, we identified a novel function for PGC-1α in muscle, involving the regulation of calcium homeostasis through the control of genes responsible for mitochondrial calcium uptake and mitochondrial association with the sarcoplasmic reticulum. We suspect that PGC-1α-mediated amelioration of calcium metabolism protected the old muscle against ER stress and prevented tubular aggregate formation, which all contributed to reducing muscle apoptosis. Finally, we used muscle cells treated with ceramide or thapsigargin to demonstrate that PGC-1α inhibited apoptosis initiated by mitochondrial or calcium homeostasis impairments. This strongly confirms the potential therapeutic usage of PGC-1α to reduce age-related muscle disorders but also other diseases involving calcium dysregulation.

In a final study, we used the same animal models that either received late-life endurance training or stayed untrained to determine the role of PGC-1α in exercise-mediated muscle improvements during aging. We demonstrated that PGC-1α could not only ameliorate muscle endurance but also age-associated motor dysfunctions. We also showed that PGC-1α muscle deletion led to pre-mature sarcopenia. Finally, we revealed that PGC-1α modulates many beneficial outcomes of exercise in the old muscle. PGC-1α muscle overexpression was sufficient to mimic or even override exercise beneficial effect on muscle aging. This further illustrates the importance of the coactivator in muscle aging and to maximize exercise positive outcomes in the old muscle.

In conclusion, the work undertaken in this thesis delineates new facets of PGC-1α-controlled metabolism. We described a role for PGC-1α as metabolic sensor in the brain and presented novel aspects of muscle metabolism regulated by the coactivator. We showed that it is protective in several ways against age-related muscle disorders and that it promotes exercise effects in this context. This work therefore improves our understanding of the biological processes regulated by PGC-1α and established the transcriptional regulator as a promising target for therapeutic approaches in metabolic and age-associated muscle diseases.


In general, a fault that is far away from a generator would not cause serious impact to the generator. However, it is not the case for a generator in a HVDC system. For a HVDC link, the rectifier end is usually in several hundreds of kilometer away from the inverter end. It is found in this paper that both the fire-through and misfire faults happened in the rectifier valves may still make a serious impact on the inverter side generators. However, the impacting phenomena are different. A sustained fire-through fault happened in rectifier valves may induce the torsional interaction between the HVDC link and a nearby turbine generator in inverter end. This provides the chance for an electromechanical resonance to build up. A misfire fault happened in a rectifier valve could induce a non-negligible transient power disturbance on a turbine generator neighboring to the HVDC inverter station. The disturbing frequencies will be non-characteristic for the generator. On occasion of any of the torsional modes of the turbine generator are invaded, the torsional torque amplification effect would be significant.


Interval-Based Parametric Temporal Database Model (IBPTDM) captures the historical changes of database object in single tuple. Such data model violates 1NF and it is difficult to be implemented on top of conventional Database Management Systems (DBMS). The reason behind that, IBPTDM cannot directly use relational storage structure or query evaluation technique that depends on atomic attribute values as well as it is unfixed attribute size. 1NF model with its features can be used to solve such challenge. Modeling time-varying data in 1NF model raise a question about memory storage efficiency and ease of use. A novel approach for representing temporal data in 1NF model and compare it with other main approaches in literature is the main goal of this research. To this end, a mathematical model for comparing a three different storage models is demonstrated to illustrate that the proposed model is more efficient than other approaches under certain conditions. The simulation results showed that the proposed model overcomes the needless redundancy of data, achieves saving in memory storage, and it is easy to be implemented in relational data model or to be adapted with a production systems that need to track temporal aspects of functioning database Systems.


Much attention is now being focused on techniques to improve the quality and information content of ultrasonic images of the body. Many of these techniques employ digital pre-processing of coherent echo signals prior to image generation. Examples of these procedures include: resolution enhancement; contrast enhancement (using frequency-domain techniques) to suppress speckle; and imaging of spectral parameters (which sense the sizes and concentrations of sub-resolution tissue constituents). Combinations of spectral parameters and ancillary clinical data (e.g., PSA blood levels) are also being used with statistical classifiers (e.g., discriminant analysis neural network) to generate color-coded, images that indicate tissue type (e.g., cancer) or tissue regions responding to therapy. Sets of these images, obtained-from serial-plane scans, promise to be particularly useful when presented in interactive three-dimensional (3-D) formats.


Background and purpose: Breast cancer is a group of heterogeneous diseases which has racial disparities. Our study was to elucidate the clinicopathologic features of breast carcinoma in Shanghai Han and Xinjiang Uygur women and to analyze the racial differences. Methods: In this study, 125 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma of Shanghai Han women and 85 cases of Xinjiang Uygur women were collected. The clinical stage was analyzed. Histological grading was observed. Immunohistochemical staining of ER, PR, HER-2, CK5/6, CK14, EGFR, Ki-67 was performed. Molecular subtypes were studied. Results: The average age of onset of breast cancer in Xinjiang Uygur women was younger than in Shanghai Han women(P0.05), and Xinjiang Uygur women were more likely to be diagnosed at less than 35 years old(P0.01). The proportion of stageⅠwas higher in Shanghai Han women(20.0% vs 8.2%), while the proportion of stage Ⅲ was higher in Xinjiang Uygur women(50.6% vs 27.2%)(P0.01). The proportion of grade 2 was higher in Shanghai Han women(67.2% vs 43.5%), while the proportion of grade 3 was higher in Xinjiang Uygur women(47.1% vs 31.2%)(P0.01). The proportion of luminal A subtype was higher in Shanghai Han women(36.8% vs 18.3%), while the proportion of basal-like subtype was higher in Xinjiang Uygur women(29.6% vs 12.0%)(P0.01). The molecular subtype was associated with race and histological grade(P0.05).Conclusion: There are racial differences in clinicopathologic features of breast carcinoma between Shanghai Han and Xinjiang Uygur women.


The Automated Scrolling Using speech recognition is a promising technique which allows users to scroll through a document with minimum effort and in a smart manner. Speech recognition is being used to perform speech to text conversion of the user's input which is then processed to accomplish automated scrolling. Google speech recognition API and python speech recognition library are used for efficient extraction of user speech input. A string matching algorithm is used to keep track of user speech input which is converted to text and the document which is to be scrolled. The paper discusses all the modules present in the creation of a proficient automated scrolling system using speech recognition.


This paper deals with the heat generation in the Al alloy Al2024-T3 plate
 under different rotating speeds and plunge speeds during the plunge stage of
 friction stir welding (FSW). A three-dimensional finite element model (FEM)
 is developed in the commercial code ABAQUS/Explicit using the arbitrary
 Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation, the Johnson-Cook material law and Coulomb's
 Law of friction. The heat generation in FSW can be divided into two parts:
 frictional heat generated by the tool and heat generated by material
 deformation near the pin and the tool shoulder region. Numerical results
 obtained in this work indicate a more prominent influence from the
 friction-generated heat. The slip rate of the tool relative to the workpiece
 material is related to this portion of heat. The material velocity, on the
 other hand, is related to the heat generated by plastic deformation.
 Increasing the plunging speed of the tool decreases the friction-generated
 heat and increases the amount of deformation-generated heat, while increasing
 the tool rotating speed has the opposite influence on both heat portions.
 Numerical results are compared with the experimental ones, in order to
 validate the numerical model, and a good agreement is obtained.


*Correspondence to: Masahiro J. Morikawa, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Morikawa MJ. Unresolved issues in Implementing Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) approach. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2021;10(5):293–294. doi:10.34172/ijhpm.2020.89 Received: 16 April 2020; Accepted: 31 May 2020; ePublished: 7 June 2020


Modern economics is a constantly developing scientific field. The State develops various economic plans in order to sufficiently provide society with the necessary goods and services. The current state policy in the field of large and small businesses is designed to ensure the stability of economic growth and cultural development of the country. It should be noted that the most accurate and correctly developed strategy of enterprises for the production of goods and services, timely response to current problems, building the work of enterprises taking into account new economic trends are possible only with effective economic activity and competent business analytics on the part of entrepreneurs themselves engaged in this type of activity. For successful participation in various economically profitable projects, an entrepreneur needs an appropriate set of specific knowledge, skills and abilities. A potential entrepreneur acquires similar knowledge necessary for successful business in any field when mastering an educational course in the direction of "Economics". In addition, a future entrepreneur, in addition to education in the financial and analytical field, must have knowledge of settlement and economic technologies, skills in the organizational and managerial sphere, knowledge of current legislation and understanding of the trends in the development of modern Russian society and the state. The article examines certain aspects of personnel training in the field of economics and entrepreneurship, analyzes the personal qualities necessary for the successful implementation of this activity. Based on the analysis of modern scientific literature and generalization of students' opinions, a conclusion is formulated and substantiated about the role and importance of leadership and entrepreneurial qualities, as well as the importance of education for the effective implementation of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurial qualities, presuppose the ability to achieve the intended goal, allow you to persevere in overcoming difficulties. Based on the conducted research, the authors came to the conclusion that leadership and entrepreneurial qualities, being innate to a certain extent, are formed and honed in the process of obtaining specialized education


OF THE THESIS Preferential Nucleation of Cobalt Nanoclusters on the Faceted Rhenium(1231) Surface By MERAL REYHAN Thesis Director: Professor Ted Madey We have studied the preferential nucleation of cobalt nanoclusters on oxidized faceted rhenium(1231) by means of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Preferential nucleation means that the Co nanoclusters form at specific sites on the substrate. In contrast to previous nanostructure studies of preferential nanocluster nucleation in metal on metal experiments, we use a surface that is both oxidized and faceted to form a nanotemplate. It is shown that for cobalt coverage between 1.6 ML and 3 ML, preferential nucleation of cobalt nanoclusters occurs on this faceted surface. It is also shown that by varying the parameters of cobalt coverage, facet width and annealing temperature, the cobalt nanocluster size can be varied. The cobalt nanocluster system may prove to be a model system for future studies of different substrates and overlayers more relevant to catalytic reactions.


By focusing on the emotional changes of the protagonist in time,The Sorrows of Young Werther unfolds the three pairs of spatial scenes:happiness in the countryside,troublesome in work and desperation in life.Every emotional experience in psychological time can find its corresponding reality in the spatial scene.Therefore the work has constructed a harmonious corresponding in the Space—Time relationship.Such kind of narrative mode can highlight the expression of emotion in literary works and touch the readers.


This paper discusses security applications of reversible photosensitivity that resulted from a search in SECURIDAT--viz. dual fluorescence with longwave remanence, thermochroism, stimulation of mixed inorganic phosphors, and photochroism.


Not many 7th c. blacksmith workshops have been properly excavated in Italy up to now. The still ongoing excavations carried out since 2005 at Aiano-Torraccia di Chiusi, near San Gimignano (Siena) in Tuscany by the team of the Universite catholique de Louvain, directed by Prof Marco Cavalieri, have brought to light architectural structures belonging to a Roman villa, dated between the 3rd and the end of the 5th/ beginning of the 6th c. AD. Up to now only a small part of the large villa - shown by geodiagnostic surveys to extend over 1 hectare - has been excavated. The excavations and the researches represent a relevant part of the international project "VII REGIO. Elsa Valley during the Roman Age and late Antiquity". The building was abandoned in the 6th c., but in the period between the 6th and the 7th c. AD a group of Lombardic (Langobard) artisans coming from Eastern Europe, settled down in the villa remains and installed various workshops in the rooms of the representative part of the villa. They include a ceramic workshop with a kiln and spaces for different working stages, three rooms in which Roman glass mosaic tesserae and glass fragments were recycled, and a large and well organized iron smithy. Apparently there was also a workshop for the production of copper-based items, based on indications gathered from the remains behind the North/North-East wall, in not yet fully excavated areas, where the waste from the workshops was dumped. Other remains suggest that, in one or more rooms of the Roman architectural structure, gold was also worked. Rational and efficient Lombardic workshops for so many different productions, dated to this period, have never been identified and thoroughly studied before in Italy. The workshops were connected one to another and were provided with water from a complex system of channels, probably fed by a higher positioned reservoir. In the smithy all important structures are well preserved and can be reconstructed in detail. The blacksmith workshop was well organized and a large amount of iron working debris, such as bun-shaped working slag and hammer scale, but also iron objects and object fragments have been recovered from the excavated area. This paper presents the reconstruction and the graphic renderings of the different workshop features. It also shows the preliminary analysis data of part of the large amount of materials from the excavation which will be studied in detail in the next years.


Three numerical methods were applied to compute the anharmonic O–H stretching vibrational frequencies of the free and aqueous hydroxide ion on the basis of one-dimensional vibrational potential energies computed at various levels of theory: i) simple Hamiltonian matrix diagonalization technique, based on representation of the vibrational potential in Simons-Parr-Finlan (SPF) coordinates, ii) Numerov algorithm and iii) Fourier grid Hamiltonian method (FGH). Considering the Numerov algorithm as a reference method, the diagonalization technique performs remarkably well in a very wide range of frequencies and frequency shifts (up to 300 cm –1 ). FGH method, on the other hand, though showing a very good performance as well, exhibits more significant (and nonuniform) discrepancies with the Numerov algorithm, even for rather modest frequency shifts.


Growth of Ti‐doped In0.53Ga0.47As using liquid phase epitaxy is reported. The energy position of the Ti4+/Ti3+ deep donor level in In0.53Ga0.47As p‐n diodes is precisely identified for the first time by deep level transient spectroscopy. The near midgap location of this level at EC−ET =0.37 eV and the potential of InGaAs:Ti of superior thermal stability make it a promising dopant for growing semi‐insulating In0.53Ga0.47As. A recent model suggesting the energy positions of transition metals not to vary across heterojunctions is tested and found to be at least qualitatively valid for this low spin transition metal.


The passion for selfish gratification in the amassing of wealth, and the worship of money through fraudulent and deceptive tactics, have become an increasingly visible and widely destructive phenomenon in society. This essay explores the nature, etiology, and impact of runaway greed on mental and physical health, and on the society and the environment. It examines the historical and metaphorical meanings of greed and its identification with social, cultural, religious, and economic determinants. The psychoanalytic explanation of acquisitive behavior is described along with approaches to treatment. The purpose of this analysis is to stimulate interest in the study of acquisitiveness and to raise awareness of its insidious consequences on the self and on society. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


S OF MASTER THESIS 8 Cohort 2017-2019 Master Thesis presented in February 2019 LIST OF EMSHIP MASTER THESIS Feb 2019 – 8 Cohort


Rehabilitation training and brace wearing resulted in considerable conservation of energy in 10 elderly hemiplegic patients, the former therapeutic modality playing a larger role in this conservation than the latter. Total energy expenditure at the conclusion of treatment was still 31 per cent higher than that of the reference group. In spite of this additional energy demand, cardiovascular complications were not observed in the course of the therapeutic program. This suggests that elderly hemiplegic patients possess sufficient reserves to be able to cope with the increased physical demands of a rehabilitation program.


Recent advances in satellite observations of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provide a new opportunity to constrain the simulation of terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP). Accurate representation of the processes driving SIF emission and its radiative transfer to remote sensing sensors is an essential prerequisite for data assimilation. Recently, SIF simulations have been incorporated into several land surface models, but the scaling of SIF from leaf‐level to canopy‐level is usually not well‐represented. Here, we incorporate the simulation of far‐red SIF observed at nadir into the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5). Leaf‐level fluorescence yield was simulated by a parametric simplification of the Soil Canopy‐Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy fluxes model (SCOPE). And an efficient and accurate method based on escape probability is developed to scale SIF from leaf‐level to top‐of‐canopy while taking clumping and the radiative transfer processes into account. SIF simulated by CLM5 and SCOPE agreed well at sites except one in needleleaf forest (R2 > 0.91, root‐mean‐square error <0.19 W⋅m−2⋅sr−1⋅μm−1), and captured the day‐to‐day variation of tower‐measured SIF at temperate forest sites (R2 > 0.68). At the global scale, simulated SIF generally captured the spatial and seasonal patterns of satellite‐observed SIF. Factors including the fluorescence emission model, clumping, bidirectional effect, and leaf optical properties had considerable impacts on SIF simulation, and the discrepancies between simulate d and observed SIF varied with plant functional type. By improving the representation of radiative transfer for SIF simulation, our model allows better comparisons between simulated and observed SIF toward constraining GPP simulations.


A bioactive peptide having anticancerous activity and antiinflammatory activity, which has the amino acid sequence: tyrosine-glycine-serine- arginine-serine; a pharmaceutical composition prepared from this peptide; and processes for producing the peptide and the pharmaceutical composition. This peptide can be obtained by using a heating, extraction and condensation system capable of efficient recovery of derivatives from a raw material.


; 71{ie objective ofthepresentpaper is a synthesis stt{dy ofthe Fast Fourier T>'an,ijbrm (FF7) and the PVbuvetet 7>'anofi)rm rPV7) in analysing the .first and the second hearibeat signals of the phonocardiogram (PCCE), It is shown that the wavelet 7>'ansorm provide a good timeifi'equency represeniaiion and enough.features (?f'the PCG signal that wiU heip physician to obtain quatitative and quantitative measurements and consequently, aid to diagnosis. Sitnilarly, it is shown that the.fi'equenc}, content ofswch a signaf can be determined Lv? the Fe'T only without dCffic!ilties.


Objective: To investigate the value of double staining endoscopy in the diagnosis of early digestive tract cancer.Methods: 1 880 patients who had received gastrointestinal endoscopy examination in the digestive endoscopy center of Fengtai hospital from January 2009 to December 2010 were selected and divided into the observation group(406 patients) and the control group(1 474 patients).The observation group received the endoscopic double staining of acetic acid-Lugol's iodine solution and acetic acid-methylene blue and parallel pathological examination,while the control group received empirical biopsy pathological examination.The differences between the two groups were observed.Results: In the observation group,there were 213 patients with esophageal mucosal staining and the total detection rate was 15.5%.There were 4 patients with early cancer and the detection rate of moderate and severe atypical hyperplasia and esophageal early cancer was 8.0%.In the control group,there were 588 patients with esophageal mucosal staining and the total detection rate was 3.1%.The detection rate of moderate and severe atypical hyperplasia and esophageal early cancer was 1.2%.There were significant differences between the observation group and the control group(P0.01).In the observation group,there were 109 patients with gastric mucosal staining and the total detection rate was 66.1%.There were 7 patients with early cancer and the detection rate of moderate and severe atypical hyperplasia and early gastric cancer was 24.8%.In the control group,there were 548 patients with gastric mucosal staining and the total detection rate was 8.6%.The detection rate of moderate and severe atypical hyperplasia and early gastric cancer was 1.6%.There were significant differences between the observation group and the control group(P0.01).In the observation group,there were 84 patients with intestinal mucosal staining and the total detection rate was 79.8%.There was 1 patient with early cancer and the detection rate of moderate and severe atypical hyperplasia and colon and rectal early cancer was 10.7%.In the control group,there were 338 patients with intestinal mucosal staining and the total detection rate was 19.8%.The detection rate of moderate and severe atypical hyperplasia and colon and rectal early cancer was 0.6%.There were significant differences between the observation group and the control group(P0.01).Conclusion: The endoscopic double staining of acetic acid-Lugol's iodine solution and acetic acid-methylene blue can improve the detection rate of digestive tract early cancer and precancerosis,thereby of high application value.


There are a large number of scientific methods in physics,so teachers need to cultivate students to grasp the scientific methods to know the world.From the reality of the students,we should reasonably classify the scientific methods in physics,and analyze the educational methods of the scientific educational methods in the physical classes.


The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for preventing preterm delivery in the aspects of blood pressure and hematic parameters. The blood pressure, hematic parameters, relationship between hematic parameters and nutritional intakes and pregnancy outcomes were compared between a preterm delivery group and a normal term delivery group. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Diastolic blood pressure was statistically higher in the preterm delivery group. White blood cells (p<0.005) and alanine amino transferase (p<0.05) of 3rd trimester in pregnancy were statistically higher in the preterm delivery group. Alkaline phosphatase (p<0.0001) and lactate dehydrogenase (p<0.05) were statistically lower in the preterm delivery group. Inverse relationships between niacin, vitamin B6 and zinc intakes and bilirubin (p<0.05) were shown. Vitamin A intakes (p<0.05) were significantly negatively correlated with blood protein, but zinc intakes (p<0.05) were significantly positively correlated with blood protein. Vitamin B6 intakes (p<0.05) were significantly negatively correlated with blood albumin. Calcium intakes (p<0.005) and iron intakes (p<0.05) were significantly positively correlated with blood lactate dehydrogenase. Also, vitamin A intakes (p<0.05) were significantly positively correlated with blood glucose. Normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (p<0.005) was statistically lower in the preterm delivery group. Birth weight (p<0.0001) and birth length (p<0.005) of the neonates were all statistically lower in the preterm delivery group. (Korean J Community Nutrition 13(6):903~911, 2008)


Sound barriers, aiming to block the noise propagation, have attracted substantial interest in diverse scenarios such as architectural design, transportation development, and aircraft/automotive engineering. However, conventional sound-proofing barriers in the bulky configuration simultaneously impede the free airflow, which is highly required in the applications calling for ventilation. Although the advances in acoustic metamaterials have opened new routes for designing air-permeable barriers, a well-ventilated and omnidirectional sound barrier with deep-subwavelength thickness remains challenging. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate an ultrasparse, ultrathin, and ultralight acoustic ventilated meta-barrier that is highly prohibitive to omnidirectional sound. The acoustic meta-barrier is designed by sparsely arranging the units composed of two central-symmetric cavities with the thickness about 0.12 λ ( λ is the sound wavelength) and the sparsity achieving up to 80%. A sound wave from all directions impinging to the meta-barrier is efficiently blocked, and the airflow is allowed to freely transport, maintaining the wind velocity ratio measured higher than 90%. Moreover, geometric parameter analysis is investigated to optimize and customize the meta-barrier according to the target frequency spectrum. The ultrasparse and omnidirectional acoustic ventilated meta-barrier in such a compact and open configuration would hold out promising solutions to sound insulation and offer an additional scheme to design sound-proofing yet air-permeable devices in various applications.


1 Williams NM, Watkin DF. Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum and other nonsurgical causes of intraperitoneal free gas. Postgrad. Med. J. 1997; 73: 531–7. 2 Steves M, Ricketts RR. Pneumoperitoneum in the newborn infant. Am. Surg. 1987; 53: 226–30. 3 Gupta R, Bihari Sharma S, Golash P, Yadav R, Gandhi D. Pneumoperitoneum in the newborn: Is surgical intervention always indicated? J. Neonatal Surg. 2014; 3: 32. 4 Finer NN, Carlo WA, Walsh MC et al. Early CPAP versus surfactant in extremely preterm infants. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010; 362: 1970–9.


The patterns of activity/sleep, eating/fasting, etc show that our lives are under the control of an internal clock. Cancer is a systemic disease that affects sleep, feeding, and metabo- lism. All these processes are regulated by the circadian clock on the one hand, but on the other hand, they can serve as signals to tighten up the patient's circadian clock by robust daily routine. Usually, anticancer treatments take place in hospitals, where the patient's daily rest/activity pattern is changed. However, it has been shown that oncology patients with a disturbed circadian clock have poorer survival outcomes. The administration of different anticancer therapies can disturb the circadian cycle, but many cases show that circadian rhythms in tumors are deregulated per se. This fact can be used to plan anticancer therapies in such a manner that they will be most effective in antitumor action, but least toxic for the surrounding healthy tissue. Metabolic pro- cesses are highly regulated to prevent waste of energy and to ensure sufficient detoxification; as a consequence, xenobiotic metabolism is under tight circadian control. This gives the rationale for planning the administration of anticancer therapies in a chronomodulated manner. We review some of the potentially useful clinical praxes of anticancer therapies and discuss different pos- sible approaches to be used in drug development and design in the future.


In the present study, a fungal strain isolated from the Antarctic soil was identified as Penicillium sp. CHY-2 based on its 5.8S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Furthermore, its biodegradation ability towards 13 different toxic compounds such as 4-butylphenol (4-BP), 4-sec-butylphenol (4-s-BP), 4-tert-butylphenol (4-t-BP), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), phenol, bisphenol A (BPA), benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene at low (4°C) and medium (15°C) temperature conditions was evaluated using high pressure liquid chromatography. Among the 13 compounds, the strain CHY-2 effectively degraded the six compounds i.e., 4-BP, 4-s-BP, 4-t-BP, 4-NP, 4-CP, and phenol at 15°C within one week, and at 4°C within 3 weeks. Also CHY-2 effectively degraded the 4-t-OP at 15°C (70%), but not at 4°C (35%). Among different carbon sources tested, glucose was found to be the most suitable and the growth of CHY-2 at 4°C was slower than at 15°C. Addition of Tween 80 increased the growth and degradation ability of CHY-2 towards 4-BP at 4 and 15°C. The metabolites produced during the degradation of 4-BP were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Also, bacteria present in the Antarctic soil were determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and the result showed the presence of Pseudomonas and Syntrophus groups of bacteria.


The environment of residential districts in the future will be green, and human beings' orientation and choice will be ecological. Green residential districts will give people better and wider space.


Pythiosis, a disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum , often presents inefficient response to chemotherapy. It is a consensus that, in spite the several therapeutic protocols, a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy should be used. Surgical excision requires the removal of the entire affected area, with a wide margin of safety. The use of antifungal drugs has resulted in variable results, both in vitro and in vivo, and presents low therapeutic efficiency due to differences in the agent characteristics, which differ from true fungi. Immunotherapy is a non-invasive alternative for the treatment of pythiosis, which aims at modifying the immune response of the host, thereby producing an effective response to the agent. Photodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising technique, with good activity against P. insidiosum in vitro and in vivo. However, more studies are necessary to increase the efficiency of the current treatment protocols and consequently improve the cure rates. This paper aims to conduct a review covering the conventional and recent therapeutic methods against P. insidiosum infections.


Water shortage at critical times is a dominant constraint in most rain fed areas. Small Farm Reservoir (SFR) could play an important role in alleviating the problem by mitigating drought situation and/or submergence in these areas. It has multiple uses such as reducing drainage congestion, irrigation and aquaculture, improved cropping systems, increasing productivity and income, harnessing idle farm labour and improving family nutrition, although the utilization of full potential of SFR depends on innovativeness of the owner. To address the main issue of the farmers who do not wish to loose 5 to 20% land forever, it is imperative to consider integrated vertical farming to have multifarious uses of the same land/water. The multi-storeyed farming and animal rearing on the bunds of SFR is one of the options. The stored water of SFR can be used for fish (below water surface) and duck rearing (on the water surface) and space above it for poultry and rabbit farming. This system has great potential to boost the economy of farmers. The excreta of rabbits and poultry birds served as a part of the fish-food as well as add value to the stored water. Besides the animal rearing practiced on peripheral bunds would produce good amount of dung and urine, which was sloped down to SFR water which further helped to provide feed and value addition to the water. This organic water through drip irrigation system was used to irrigate orchards grown in the vicinity of SFR. The B:C ratio of such a system varied from 5.08 to 6.17 depending upon the intensity of remunerative activities. This paper reviews some of the systems installed at various places in the country to bring out the practical applications. It is concluded that in view of the decreasing trend in the average land holdings, innovative forms of this technology could be used by adding suitable components to enhance the farmer's income.


This article reports the results of a field study evaluation of avirtual role-play environment, Ghostwriter, which was de-signed as a preparation activity for writing stories. It exam-ines the effects Ghostwriter has on characterisation in chil-dren's imaginative writing.Ghostwriter is based on a commercial computer game. Twochildren and one role-play leader interact with each other ina perceptually realistic virtual world. Each role-player con-trols an avatar representing a character in the adventure sto-ry. Children can move these avatars around in the virtualworld, and can communicate with others by sending and re-ceiving typed messages.The virtual role-play environment was evaluated in a fieldstudy with 60 children aged between 10-12 years. The char-acterisation in stories written after using Ghostwriter wascompared to the characterisation in stories written under nor-mal classroom circumstances. The stories were compared us-ing a new, fine-grained analysis scheme for assessing chil-dren's writing. The main result is that the stories written after


Tandem devices are well known to surpass single junctions. However, the limitations of current-matching is a concern for changing spectra in terrestrial applications. Three terminal tandem (3T) devices can be more robust to these variations resulting in higher energy yield than single junction devices and two terminal series-connected tandems. We fabricate one-sun 3T tandem devices made of inverted grown III-V tandem (GaInP/GaAs) as a prototype of 3T tandems for stringing and measurement demonstrations. We demonstrate 3T tandem measurements that can be used to understand the use of 3T tandems in various constrained configurations.


The invention electric-discloses a method of manufacturing the fiber by mechanical spinning. And it supplies the liquid starting material to the rotating ring (annular) member, such as radiating cup. The liquid material is directed by the centrifugal force to the peripheral portion of the ring-shaped member, in which the liquid material is discharged in the form of fibers. Immediately the liquid emitted from the annular member or while on the said annular member is electrically charged.


This thesis is entitled Exploring The Textual Meaning of The Political Discourse: A Speech by Donald Trump On October 22nd, 2016 at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. This study used textual meaning to explore the speech. The researcher used Butt et all (2001:195) theory to describes textual meaning into mode of discourse. The data for this study was video of speech by Donald Trump on October 22th, 2016 at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The data was taken from YouTube website. There are thematic progression and cohesion devices help the textual meaning to explore the speech. There are 3 kinds of thematic progression and cohesive devices found in this study. The dominant pattern is Constant pattern (52.69%). The second is zig-zag pattern (37.46%) and the third is multiple pattern (9.85%). On the other hand, the first grammatical cohesion devices that found in this speech is references. It followed by conjunction and the last is ellipsis. Based on the analysis, the researcher found five aspects of mode as a result. There are constitutive as the role of language, monologic as the type of interaction, spoken as the medium, phonic as the channel, and speech that contain of persuasive as the rhetorical thrust.


Polo's philosophy is deeply rooted in Aquinas' distinction between being and essence. The author applies a circular hermeneutic. Aquinas philosophy of the person is read from the perspective of Polo's account in order to elucidate Polo's own Trascendental Anthropology. The exposition is structured in two parts, each one describing a fundamental thesis. The first concerns the notion of person in Thomas, which appears in his discussion of Boethius' definition. The second one deals with the problem of conciliating mind as form of the body and as a spiritual substance.


Watermelon ( Citrallus Lanatus) is the major commercial crop in India. It is one of the most important fruits cultivated in the tropics. It is consumed throughout the world and it is mainly cultivated in the tropical countries. This study mainly focuses on Suitability for summer cultivation, lucrative earning to small farmers, nutritional value to health, uses of watermelons. Conclusion of this study is the demand for watermelon is getting increased year by year in the Indian market. One who cultivate the watermelon in the month of December (Karthigai pattam) they can get an assured profit. The cultivation of watermelon has also brought smiles on the faces of farmers.


Macrophages have been found to be of importance in several difierent immunological reactions. Thus, macrophages are required for induction of a primary immune response to heterologous red blood cells in vitro (Mosier & Coppleson 1968), and for a proliferative response induced in vitro to alloantigens (Alter & Bach 1970, Rode & Gordon 1970, Twormey et al. 1970), as well as for the developement of cytotoxic cells (Wagner et al. 1972, McDonald et al. 1973). Fxirthermore, macrophage and factors released by macrophages can induce proliferation in spleen cells and cause production of polyclonal immunoglobuiins (Lemke & Opitz 1976, Moller et al. 1976, Opitz et al. 1976). In all these systems, however, fetal calf serum together with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) can substitute for macrophages, indicating a nonspecific function of adherent cells (Chen & Hirsh 1972, Bevan et al. 1974, Lemke & Opitz 1976). In this paper, we report on some effects of adherent cells on B and T cell activation induced by polyclonal cell activators, and we discuss the possible mechanisms behind the synergistic effect observed between B and T cell mitogens and adherent cells. In the experiments shown, Fi hybrids of the inbred mouse strains A/Sn and C57B1 or B10.5M were used, if not otherwise indicated. Cells were cultured senimfree in microcultures (usually triplicate cultures with 5 X 10* cells/0.2 ml of medium) and incorporation of ^H-thymidine was measured on day 2.


We present a framework for extraction and prediction of online workload data from a workload manager of a mainframe operating system. To boost overall system performance, the prediction will be incorporated into the workload manager to take preventive action before a bottleneck develops. Model and feature selection automatically create a prediction model based on given training data, thereby keeping the system flexible. We tailor data extraction, preprocessing and training to this specific task, keeping in mind the nonstationarity of business processes. Using error measures suited to our task, we show that our approach is promising. To conclude, we discuss our first results and give an outlook on future work.


Nearly a half‐century ago, the thrice‐weekly hemodialysis schedule was empirically established as a means to provide an adequate dialysis dose while also treating the greatest number of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients using limited resources. Landmark trials of hemodialysis adequacy have historically been anchored to thrice‐weekly regimens, but a recent randomized controlled trial demonstrated that frequent hemodialysis (six times per week) confers cardiovascular and survival benefits. Based on these collective data and experience, clinical practice guidelines advise against a less than thrice‐weekly treatment schedule in patients without residual renal function, yet provide limited guidance on the optimal treatment frequency when substantial native kidney function is present. Thus, during the transition from Stage 5 chronic kidney disease to ESRD, the current paradigm is to initiate hemodialysis on a "full‐dose" thrice‐weekly regimen even among patients with substantial residual renal function. However, emerging data suggest that frequent hemodialysis accelerates residual renal function decline, and infrequent regimens may provide better preservation of native kidney function. Given the high mortality rates during the first 6 months of hemodialysis and the survival benefits of preserved native kidney function, initiation with twice‐weekly treatment schedules ("infrequent hemodialysis") with an incremental increase in frequency over time may provide an opportunity to optimize patient survival. This review outlines the clinical benefits of post‐hemodialysis residual renal function, studies of twice‐weekly treatment regimens, and the potential risks and benefits of infrequent hemodialysis.


Mediastinal germ cell tumors are uncommon (2 to 10% of germ cell tumors), and around 100 new cases are diagnosed annually. Their relationship with hematological disorders is an unique aspect of these tumors. The hematological disorder may be part of the natural history of the germ cell tumor, both sharing the same abnormal totipotential stem cell. The two most common hematological neoplasms seen in this syndrome are acute leukemia and malignant histiocytosis. The finding of the marker chromosome isochromosome i(12p) in the mediastinal germ cell tumors and associated malignant disorder is a suggestion that both tumors may arise from a common progenitor cell. A more remote possibility is that the hematological disorder is secondary to the chemotherapy used to treat the mediastinal germ cell tumors, mainly when etoposide is part of the treatment. In this instance, association with abnormalities of chromosome 11 is common. Habitually, both malignant diseases have an aggressive behaviour and carry a poor prognosis. New approaches are advisable in the staging and treatment of these patients.


In this paper we present the mathematical consistency of braneworld theory with a new proof of the fundamental theorem of submanifolds for case of semi-Riemannian manifolds. We find the integrability conditions for the existence of space-time submanifolds in a pseudo-Euclidean space.


We consider approximations for the moments of the delay in a GI /G /1 queue which are obtained by assuming that the idle time distribution is the same as the equilibrium excess distribution of interarrival time. The resulting approximation for the expected delay depends on the first three moments of the interarrival time and the first two moments of the service time. The approximation for the second moment of the delay uses one additional moment of each distribution. As a partial justification for such approximations we prove theorems about the behavior of the idle time distribution in heavy traffic, and about the monotonicity of the expected delay for the K 2/G /1 family with respect to the third moment of the interarrival time. Next we show how to improve the approximations. Finally, we present numerical results which show that such approximations work well for various queues with medium to heavy loads.


High-resolution molar volume data for 4-cyano-4'-n-octylbiphenyl (8CB) are presented as a function of temperature near the nematic to isotropic (NI) phase transition. Close to the NI transition the volume was measured at 10 mK temperature steps and at two different pressures. From the data an isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, α p (T), and isothermal compressibility coefficient, β T (T), were calculated. Fitting the V(T) and β T (T) data according to a tricritical hypothesis with the critical exponents a = α'= allowed one to find the spinodal temperatures, T* and T**, on both sides of the first-order phase transition. A universal ratio (T N I - T*)/(T** - T N I ) is compared with the theoretical mean field value. The measured volume jump at the transition, ΔV N I , is related to the enthalpy jump, ΔH N I , which was obtained from the very precise calorimetric measurements by other authors.


The present invention relates to an adhesive article for making up and / or care of nails and / or false nails, comprising an adhesive layer of a thickness of from 100 microns to 500 microns, said layer comprising: - from 30% to 60% by weight relative to the total weight of said article of a block copolymer or mixture of block copolymers; - from 40% to 60% by weight relative to the total weight of said article of at least one tackifying resin of average molecular mass of less than or equal to 10 000 g mol-1; and - optionally, and preferably, at least one plasticizer.


The effects of polymer molecular weight on drug release from erodible matrices are not well known. It would be more complicated for in-situ forming injectable implants that change gradually from liquid to solid after injection. To investigate this phenomenon, two commerciallyaavailable PLGA polymers (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) with molecular weights of 12000 and 48000 Da were used to prepare injectable implants containing leuprolide acetate as a model peptide. The influence of polymer molecular weight on the morphology and erosion of matrices and also on their in-vitro drug release behavior over a period of 28 days was investigated. Results showed that the amount of drug released (32%) over the first 24 hours (burst phase) for 12 kDa PLGA system, was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the one higher molecular weight (13%). There was no difference between the steady-state release fluxes of drug from the systems. Erosion profiles were also in agreement with those of release behavior in both burst and steadystate phases. Electron microscopy studies showed that the lower molecular weight system is more porous than the higher one, which can explain the difference between burst effects.


Microgels were synthesized by intramolecular crosslinking of poly(vinyl alcohol) single chains with glutaraldehyde in dilute aqueous solutions (concentration c = 0,1 g/100 mL). The degree of crosslinking was varied from X = 0 to X = 150 (X is the number of crosslinker molecules per chain). The reaction products were characterized by static and dynamic light scattering and viscosity measurements. A clear shrinking of molecular dimensions could be observed with increasing degree of crosslinking, since the radius of gyration Rg, and with that, the p-parameter (p = Rg/Rh) decrease with the number of intramolecular crosslinks. A similar behavior is seen from viscosity measurements. The intrinsic viscosity [η] decreases with increasing X-parameter and depends only very weakly on the temperature which is an indication of a loss in flexibility and therefore for a relatively fixed structure.


Rhinolith caused by actinomycosis is rare; to the best of our knowledge, only two cases have been reported in Japanese and English medical literature. A 19-year-old woman had been suffering from a left nasal obstruction for several years. A large brown mass was found in the left nasal cavity. Actinomycosis was suspected based on a histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen. Computed tomography showed a calcified lesion in the left nasal cavity and mucosal hypertrophy in the left maxillary sinus. Based on these findings, the mass lesion was diagnosed as a rhinolith associated with actinomycosis that had caused left maxillary sinusitis by obstructing the ostium. The lesion, which weighed 3.8 grams, was removed via an endscopic endonasal approach. Histopathological examination revealed an actinomycotic body. Chemical analysis revealed a composition of phosphates, protein, and carbonate. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with clarithromycin for 3 months, and the left maxillary sinusitis improved.


ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute a large group of plasma membrane proteins in mammals. In humans, ABC superfamily includes 48 members encoded by seven families of genes from ABCA to ABCG. Over the last two decades, ABC proteins attract considerable attention in pharmacological research due to the crucial role of some of them in the lack of response to chemotherapy and hence poor prognosis of many cancer patients. For instance, those suffering from liver or gastrointestinal tumors, which are particularly refractory to available pharmacological treatment 1 .


Squeeze casting is an advanced technology to produce aluminum alloy components with excellent mechanical property. Due to good fluidity and castability, the Al-Si alloy is the most common aluminum material in squeeze casting. However, the segregation in solid α-Al phase and liquid eutectic Si phase happens during solidification, which leads to microstructural inhomogeneous in the final microstructure. In this study, the eutectic Si segregation of Al-12Si-1Cu alloy under different intensification pressure in squeeze casting was investigated by Optical Microscopy (OM). The results show that increasing intensification pressure promotes the eutectic Si segregation at center zone, while the eutectic Si phase at skin zone is not much influenced. Increasing the intensification pressure from 65 MPa to 140 MPa, the segregation degree of eutectic Si at center zone increases from 0.05 to 0.29, while the segregation degree at skin zone levels at 0.2. Under high intensification pressure, the feeding effect of liquid phase at center zone is prominent, which results to high tendency of eutectic Si segregation in the final microstructure.


This thesis presents a bilingual cross-curricular approach for Deaf students to gain a meaningful appreciation for history. Social Studies is often perceived as a boring and unnecessary subject. It is even more of a challenge for Deaf students when they are typically limited to their History textbooks, which is presented in their secondary language, English. Research shows that the most effective way in educating Deaf children is by using the bilingual approach, utilizing both American Sign Language (ASL) and English in all aspects of the classroom. Based on this research and other learning theories such as Cummins' Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP), Vygotsky's scaffolded instruction, and Gardner's multiples intelligences, a bilingual curriculum with cross-curricular approach, integrating Social Studies and Language Arts together, was designed to teach our Deaf students to gain a better understanding of our history. The implementation of student-centered literature circles based on historical fiction books allowed my Deaf students to make meaningful connections between ASL and English, thus deepen their understanding of historical period they were studying on. The findings based on my field notes, student-produced artifacts, and assessment rubrics have shown that my students were able to achieve a better understanding of Civil War through the culmination of bilingual approach and historical fiction books used in their literature circles.


Abstract Objective This study aims to examine physiological and laboratory parameters associated with peripartum maternal bacteremia. Study Design This case–control study matched 115 cases (women with fever and bacteremia during the peripartum period) to 285 controls (defined as the next two febrile women with negative blood cultures at the same institution) from two academic medical centers from 2009 to 2013. Conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of physiological and laboratory parameters with maternal bacteremia at the time of initial and maximum fever. Results At the time of initial fever, temperature > 103°F (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.05–15.19) and respiratory rate (RR) > 20 respirations per minute (aOR: 5.27, 95% CI: 2.32–11.96) were associated with bacteremia. At the time of maximum fever, temperature (> 102°F, aOR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.61–7.06; > 103°F, aOR: 7.96, 95% CI: 3.56–17.82), heart rate > 110 beats per minute (aOR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.21–3.99), and RR > 20 (aOR: 3.65, 95% CI: 1.65–8.08) were associated with bacteremia. Bandemia > 10% (aOR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.07–5.54) was associated with bacteremia. Conclusion Physiological and laboratory parameters associated with maternal bacteremia differed from those reported with sepsis in the adult critical care population. Further studies of objective markers are needed to improve detection and treatment of peripartum bacteremia.


Current trends in the nation's forest-sector research capacity were analyzed in terms of funding and number of scientists, and compared with prior data in the National Research Council's 2002 report, National Capacity in Forestry Research. The total number of professors at institutions with academic programs accredited by the Society of American Foresters, research scientists at the USDA Forest Service, and forest researchers in forest industry decreased approximately 12 percent since 2002. In 2016, there were an estimated 1,224 professors and 540 Forest Service research scientists, for a total of 1,764 scientists. Total estimated research funding in 2015 for universities, private sector, and USDA Forest Service, including appropriations from federal grant programs from the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture, National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and Department of Energy was US$598 million—a nominal increase over 2002, but a decrease when accounting for inflation. The proportion of reported scientists' disciplines shifted notably from production subjects to broader ecosystem services and forest health subjects, as well as from more applied to more fundamental or basic research. The data indicated that the nation's forest research capacity continues to erode, leading to declines in research development and innovation, and putting at increasing risk the future health and productivity of America's forests.


Various kinds of recommendation services open to the general public have recently been integrated into the website of the University Library of Karlsruhe as a test bed for information providers and e-commerce alike. This contribution reports on the development of RecoDiver, a graph-based user interface for behavior-based recommender systems. A Java applet integrated into the library's online catalog dynamically displays recommended further documents in a clickable graph centered around the document of interest to the user. A local view of the complete graph of recommendations is presented in a radial tree layout based on a minimum spanning tree with animated graph transitions featuring interpolations by polar coordinates to avoid crisscrossings. Further graph search tools like a selectable histogram of years of publication are available as well. This article portrays the user interface as well as the distributed web service architecture behind it and features an evaluation by user surveys showing the preference of users compared to the common lists of recommended items.


ZW3D 2011 is a very young CAD-system that Par Nobring at r.a.p.s asked us to put againstone of the world leading CAD-systems today, Catia V5. Since we are going through aneducation that centers rou ...


A discussion is given in this paper of the problems caused by vortex shedding from flexible, bluff cylinders in steady current flows. In particular, recent measurements of the steady and unsteady deflections caused by the vortex-excited drag and lift forces are discussed. 48 refs.


The invention relates to a planar multi-joint robot arm. The planar multi-joint robot arm is characterized in that a base fixing pipe rack (16) is welded on the upper side of a base (17), and a base servo motor (15) is mounted inside the base fixing pipe rack (16). The base servo motor (15) is connected with a large joint support base (13) by a base harmonic speed reducer (14). The planar multi-joint robot arm has the advantages that by rotation of large and small joints and vertical rotation of a lifting rotary shaft, workpieces can be automatically taken and placed by equipment, accordingly, the production efficiency of an enterprise is improved, the production cost is effectively lowered for the enterprise, and the probability of safety accidents is effectively reduced.


5′-Deoxy-5′-iodoguanosine (I) crystals deposited from mixtures of water and methanol grow as nonsolvated hybrids of conformational polymorphs (Ia, Ib) and as a mixed solvate (Ic). Some solvent-free crystals are purely Ia, while others have varying amounts of Ib epitaxially intergrown with Ia. In Ia and Ib the conformations differ primarily by torsion about the C4′–C5′ bond (guanosine numbering scheme), which dramatically affects the iodine atom position. Powder diffraction and reconstructed reciprocal-lattice-slice images had small peaks incompatible with Ia. Some solvent-free crystals required lattices for both Ia and Ib to index all observable reflections. Unit-cell dimensions for Ia and Ib suggest the potential for epitaxial intergrowth. Hydrogen-bond networks in Ia and Ib are essentially identical and result in double layers of molecules in the ab plane, with layers of iodine at the layer surfaces. The iodine layers of Ia and Ib are incompatible: in Ia adjacent iodine atom layers interdigitate slightl...


The famous American psychologist A.H.Maslow thought that creativity is not minority' s franchise nor the birth of new achievements,and is not the outcome of logos instrumentalism.It concerns greatly with personality.He also thought that we must admit human creative potential,and respect human personality,and make personality full as well as self-actualizing.So as to make full use of people's creativity.In the same time,he thought this kind of creativity can be realized only through prime course,second course and integrity course.


Magnetic field measurements of the RIKEN IRC sector magnets were made with a newly constructed field mapping system. Using mapping data of the base and trim coil fields for several field levels, production of the isochronous field for a typical ion beam was attempted and the measured field was compared with the expected one.


Based on the data of 25 cities in the Yangtze River
Delta region of China, using the method of Lucas' endogenous economic growth
model and establishing the fixed effect panel model, this paper makes an
empirical analysis on the relationship between the industrial structure, the
capital stock, the utilization of foreign capital, the degree of opening up,
the government function, the
infrastructure, the human capital, the development level of domestic trade and
the economic growth in the Yangtze River Delta region. The results show that
there is a significant long-term equilibrium relationship between the eight
major economic factors and economic growth, and Eight economic factors have a
different contribution to economic growth; the industrial structure is the most
significant contribution to economic growth and the utilization of foreign
capital is the most insignificant contribution to economic growth.


We establish an averaging result for a backward SDE, which implies an averaging result for a system of parabolic semilinear PDEs. The method of proof uses the Meyer-Zheng convergence, and an extended uniqueness result for BSDEs for identifying the limit


The temperature feature of the crystal BGO which acts as a sensing element of the electric optical voltage transducer is stu died. Both theoretical and experimental results show that the influence of temperature on the crystal BGO decreases greatly with double light channels compensation. The software compensation method may be applied too. An EVOT through deliberative design can fully meet the service requirements.


We consider a variant of the classic Ski Rental online algorithm with applications to machine learning. In our variant, we allow the skier access to a black-box machine-learning algorithm that provides an estimate of the probability that there will be at most a threshold number of ski-days. We derive a class of optimal randomized algorithms to determine the strategy that minimizes the worst-case expected competitive ratio for the skier given a prediction from the machine learning algorithm,and analyze the performance and robustness of these algorithms.


This dissertation examines how eco-knowledge intersects with the changes to EU legal cultures and practices known as eurolegalism. This conjunction has created a mechanism for the extension of EU l ...


The CIAA " Toolbox " reflects the results of several years of industry cooperation to understand acrylamide formation and potential intervention steps. Its aim is to provide brief descriptions of the intervention steps evaluated and, in many cases, already implemented by food manufacturers and other partners in the food chain. This approach is intended to assist individual manufacturers, including small and medium size enterprises with limited R&D resources, to assess and evaluate which of the intervention steps identified so far may be helpful to reduce acrylamide formation in their specific manufacturing processes and products. It is important that they assess the suitability of proposed mitigation steps in the light of the actual composition of their products, their manufacturing equipment, and their need to continue to provide consumers with quality products consistent with their brand image and consumer expectations. It is anticipated that some of the tools and parameters will also be helpful within the context of domestic food preparation and in food service establishments, where stringent control of cooking conditions may be more difficult. A total of 13 parameters, grouped within the four major Toolbox compartments, have been identified. These parameters can be applied selectively by each food producer in line with their particular needs and product/process criteria. In addition, the stage at which the different studies have been conducted, i.e. laboratory, pilot, or in a factory setting (industrial), are aligned to the potential mitigation measures. This approach ensures that all pertinent tests and studies are captured independent of their immediate applicability to commercial production. The Toolbox is not meant as a prescriptive manual nor formal guidance. It should be considered as a " living document " with a catalogue of tested concepts at different trial stages that will be updated as new findings are communicated. Furthermore, it can provide useful leads in neighbouring sectors such as catering, retail, restaurants and domestic cooking. The final goal is to find appropriate and practical solutions to reduce the overall dietary exposure to acrylamide. The latest version of the toolbox can be found at: www.ciaa.be.


Requirement for an accurate RF-MOSFET model is increasing as the trend to higher operation speed continues. We address observed phenomena obstructing circuit performance in the RF operating regime. The origin of the phenomena as well as their modeling will be discussed.


This is a practical book offering sensitively written, straightforward information. Although the author is a funeral director, it considers all options including how to conduct a funeral without using the services of an undertaker.


Classrooms around the world are becoming more multilingual and teachers in all subject areas are faced with new challenges in enabling learners' academic language development without losing focus on content. These challenges require new ways of conceptualizing the relationship between language and content as well as new pedagogies that incorporate a dual focus on language and content in subject matter instruction. This article describes three professional development contexts in the U.S., where teachers have engaged in language analysis based on functional linguistics (for example, Halliday & Hasan, 1989; Christie, 1989) that has given them new insights into both content and learning processes. In these contexts, teachers in history classrooms with English Language Learners and teachers of languages other than English in classrooms with heritage speakers needed support to develop students' academic language development in a second language. The functional linguistics metalanguage and analysis skills they developed gave them new ways of approaching the texts read and written in their classrooms and enabled them to recognize how language constructs the content they are teaching, to critically assess how the content is presented in their teaching materials, and to engage students in richer conversation about content.


The paper considers the main approaches and methods of assessment of flood risk. Using the cartographical material obtained the assessment of flood risk for the basin under study was carried out.


Lactoferrin is an 80 kDa, iron-binding glycoprotein present in milk and, to a lesser extent, in exocrine fluids such as bile and tears. It consists of a single-chain polypeptide with two globular lobes and is relatively resistant to proteolysis. Owing to its iron-binding properties, lactoferrin has been proposed to play a role in iron uptake by the intestinal mucosa and to act as a bacteriostatic agent by withholding iron from iron-requiring bacteria. Beside this, the functions proposed for lactoferrin are diverse and include immunomodulatory activity, regulation of myelopoiesis, cell growth promotion and differentiation, and antioxidant effects. Therefore lactoferrin has been a good target for commercial production. Until now lactoferrin has been purified from human, bovine, sheep, goat and horse milk. Complete amino acid sequences of the lactoferrin from human, murine, bovine, porcine, and caprine have been determined, either directly at the protein level or deduced from the nucleotide sequence and shown to display a high level of similarity. We, researchers in my laboratory, have been studied lactoferrin for mass production by using the techniques of transgenic animal, transgenic plant and microorganism. Here we present the data on structure, function and production of lactoferrin.


Lonafarnib (LNF) is a protein farnesyl transferase (FTase) inhibitor that has shown synergistic activity with taxanes in preclinical models and early stage clinical trials. Preclinical findings suggested tubulin acetylation and FTase expression levels may be important determinants of drug sensitivity that would help identify patient populations more likely to benefit from this regimen. This pilot study evaluated the biological effects of LNF and docetaxel (DTX) combination therapy in refractory solid tumors by comparing pretreatment and post‐treatment tumor biopsies.


Since the mid-1990s, pharmaceutical R&D productivity has experienced what at best can be described as a downturn. From 1998 to 2008 the number of new molecular entities has been in general decline whereas attrition rates, development times and expenditure have all increased


Online communication (Web 2.0) is an important tool that can assist consumers in choosing a service and/or buying a product and, if used effectively, can help businesses to improve organizational performance. This is a study of the websites of a sample of 4,080 Italian agritourism farms, which focuses on the construction, utility, and relative maturity of these businesses. The study entails an exploration of how and where the organization of websites is effective for the promotion of the features of agritourism farms and is, therefore, essential for providing recommendations for decision-makers in the Italian agritourism sector. To test the study hypotheses, an extended Model of Internet Commerce Adoption (eMICA) is used, which is adapted to include the information reported on each agritourism farm website. Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) helps to analyze the differences in website design and vacation types on offer at the provincial level. The eMICA highlights the utility of using interactivity to measure the relative maturity of agritourism farm websites. In contrast, the CHAID decision tree shows how the diversification of vacation types is an important strategy for selling local agri-food products, especially to farm accommodation guests.


Impact evaluations need to go beyond assessing the size of the effects (i.e., the average impact) to identify for whom and in what ways a programme or policy has been successful. What constitutes 'success' and how the data will be analysed and synthesized to answer the specific key evaluation questions (KEQs) must be considered up front as data collection should be geared towards the mix of evidence needed to make appropriate judgements about the programme or policy. This brief provides an overview of the issues involved in choosing and using data collection and analysis methods for impact evaluations.


Al-Doped Fe2O3 (Al-Fe2O3) nanoparticles with a reconstructed electronic structure, oxygen vacancy and modified physical/chemical features are synthesized and used as an advanced anode for Lithium Ion Batteries (LIBs).


A simple laboratory gun is described, with a bore of 16 mm, with which projectiles have been accelerated to 600 ms-1. The observed performance is compared with theoretical predictions.


Developing prescription therapeutic drugs is an immensely expensive process, costing an average of $2.6Bn.[1] Drug names must be attractive to market these products and recoup the costs of R&D expenditures. At the same time, drug naming is a matter of public health, and is heavily regulated, requiring government agency approval. Medical error, including drug name and dose mistakes, is the third leading cause of death in the U.S. after heart disease and cancer[2], and errors in prescribing, dispensing, and taking medications results in 1.5 million Americans sickened, injured, or killed each year.[3] As a result, "name safety" is a chief priority. It is essential to develop drug names which are unique and do not evoke associations with other substances to avoid scenarios in which the wrong drug could be consumed. Due to the high stakes involved in drug naming, specialized "name engineering" creative agencies are employed to develop brand names which are both appealing in the marketplace and highly unique. To facilitate the creation of novel drug names, a LSTM RNN has been developed and employed to randomly generate unique drug names, potentially easing the expensive process of naming drugs.


This is a descriptive research which aims to describe mathematical literacy of male and female students by solving PISA problem. Mathematical problems are not only related to calculations, but how our ability to apply mathematical knowledge to solve problems in daily life. The importance of mathematical literacy can be seen from the PISA. The content of this research is shape and space content. Determination of this mathematical level is corresponding by some indicators which has been developed. It has three levels that consist of low level, medium level and high level. It has been addapted with 6 indicators of mathematical literacy of PISA. The result of this research is male students reach low level 43,75%, medium level 37,5% and high level 18,75%. While, female students reach low level 11,11%, and medium level 88,89%.


High-hardness and wear-resistant ceramic coatings were obtained on 5052 aluminum alloy by the microarc oxidation (MAO) process in silicate electrolytes with different nanoadditives (TiO2, Si3N4), and the effects of different nanoadditives on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the ceramic coatings were systematically studied. The microstructure results revealed that the nanoadditives could improve the thickness and compactness of the ceramic coatings. The X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that the nanoadditives were successfully incorporated into the MAO coatings and that some new phases of Si2N2O and TiN were formed, enhancing the comprehensive performance of the ceramic coatings. Furthermore, the distributions of elements determined from energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and cross-sectional images displayed a good homogeneity to support the excellent mechanical properties of the ceramic coatings. Therefore, the average microhardness, the full indentation force–depth curves, th...


Genetic programming can optimise software, including: evolving test benchmarks, generating hyper-heuristics by searching meta-heuristics, generating communication protocols, composing telephony systems and web services, generating improved hashing and C++ heap managers, redundant programming and even automatic bug fixing. Particularly in embedded real-time or mobile systems, there may be many ways to trade off expenses (such as time, memory, energy, power consumption) vs. Functionality. Human programmers cannot try them all. Also the best multi-objective Pareto trade off may change with time, underlying hardware and network connection or user behaviour. It may be GP can automatically suggest different trade offs for each new market. Recent results include substantial speed up by evolving a new version of a program customised for a special case.


A new ray representation of electromagnetic field inside a quasi-optical structure in the form of a circular hollow dielectric waveguide (HDW) is suggested, which permits, among other things, estimating the dimensions of the measurement area for the free-space scattering characteristics of an object that can be measured in the millimeter- and submillimeter-wave regions by putting the object into a circular HDW.


We describe a convenient method for the separation and quantification of xanthine, hypoxanthine, and uric acid in 20 μL samples of amniotic fluid using HPLC and UV detection. The analysis is performed on a Sepharon SGX C18 column and the elution system consists of a 60-mmol/L potassium phosphate buffer, pH 4.6. The limit of detection is 7 pmol for hypoxanthine and xanthine and 10 pmol for uric acid. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation are less than 5%. The applicability of the method is illustrated with the determination of micromolar concentrations of oxopurines in amniotic fluid samples obtained from 204 trimester pregnancies with an apparent increased risk of chromosome disorders.


This study examined our perceptions as a music education professor and three PhD students as we conducted a self-study of our individual and collective experiences teaching graduate students. We framed our work around the key question: How do PhD students describe experiences specifically in relation to perceived potential as teachers of graduate students in higher education? Findings concerning graduate teaching included (a) views of graduate teaching changed with increased experience, and (b) confidence increased with more experience teaching graduate classes and more time to process the content. The use of self-study as an approach to inquiry is discussed along with these findings.


Zaj'\i cek has recently shown that for a lower semi-continuous real-valued function on an Asplund space, the set of points where the function is Frechet subdifferentiable but not Frechet differentiable is first category. We introduce another variant of Frechet differentiability, called Frechet directional differentiability, and show that for any real-valued function on a normed linear space, the set of points where the function is Frechet directionally differentiable but not Frechet differentiable is first category.


The epidermis of 146 specimens of Dipsosaurus dorsalis and 182 Uma notata collected throughout the active period of the animals' year has been examined. The morphology of the epidermis is essentially similar to previously described lacertilians but differs in the relatively great degree of development of the mesos layer and the complete keratinization of the lacunar tissue prior to sloughing.


A Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is a network-based, central server used for the interfacing, image storage, and data acquisition of images produced by the myriad of radiology modalities that exist in hospitals today. PACS were initially developed as recently as the 1980s, and today these systems have the capacity to interface with general radiology instrumentation such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluoroscopy, nuclear medicine, mammography, positron emission tomography (PET) and computer-aided tomography (CT), ultrasoundography, and angiography. The most current format use by PACS images is Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM).


Terahertz (THz) wave has important advantages in micro motion measurement because its wavelength is shorter than that of microwave. A method for parameter estimation of micro-vibration target based on the combination of Phase-Derived-Range (PDR) and Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is proposed. In this method, the displacement of the target created by vibration is obtained firstly by using the PDR technique. Then the components irrelevant to vibration in the displacement are filtered out by EMD. Finally, carry out frequency spectrum analysis of the displacement after EMD, and estimate the parameters of micro-vibration. The performance of the proposed method is verified by experiments based on a 0.33 THz radar system.


After conducting ample investigation on state-of-the-art application of CDG gel adjusting flood technique both at home and abroad and based on laboratory evaluation for Cainan oilfield reservoir a field pilot composed of six well groups for Sangonghe formation reservoir of Cainan oilfield has been carried out in 1999. The economic benefit is significant the input-output ratio reached 13.9 in that very year. It proved that CDG gel injection is suitable for the Sangonghe formation reservoir. In view to increase the benefit result of oilfield development this measure should be implemented continuously.


Complex intraoperative conditions can simulate vitreoretinal changes, which may have fatal consequences and significantly influence the visual outcome of surgery due to poor intraoperative decision-making.


According to the romantic european thought, the Spanish historicism will be outlined on an archeological recovering seeking a national identity. In this context —where the romantic travellers played an important role too—the seed of our pictoric-orientalism developed herself.


Background: Arterial stiffness is related to higher risk of cardiovascular events. Blood pressure variability using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring has proven as a cardiovascular prognosis predictor and also serves as predictor of arterial stiffness. The study aims to prove the correlation between blood pressure variability measurement using home blood pressure monitoring and arterial stiffness measurement using pulse wave velocity Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to 57 subjects with native hypertension between 30–50 years old. Subjects underwent PWV measurement and was monitored for their blood pressure using HBPM repeated for 12 times (morning and night BP each repeated two times, for three consecutive days). Subjects also screened for related confoundings i.e., diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, renal function disturbance. Results: As many as 21% subjects is obese, 8.7% had diabetes melitus, 60% had dyslipidemia, 14% is smoker. There is no subjects with renal function disturbance. There is no correlation between obesity, dyslipidemia, smoking habit, and sex to arterial stiffness, whereas diabetes melitus has a strong correlation to arterial stiffness (p = 0,01). There was a significant difference between sytolic blood pressure measurement at each group of blood pressure based on day and time, but no difference found between diastolic blood pressure. There is significant correlation between arterial stiffness and mean diastolic pressure, mean morning diastolic pressure, variance coefficient of diastolic pressure, variance coefficient of morning blood pressure. Conclusion: We conclude that HBPM is reliable in measuring blood pressure variability. There is no significant relation of systolic blood pressure variability to arterial stiffness, but there is a tendency of positive correlation. While there is a significant negative correlation between diastolic pressure to arterial stiffness. As far as we know there were no study before obtained any relation of arterial stiffness to diastolic blood pressure variability.


From a new point of view of classifying the urban landscape according to public concern,the concept of the landscape in the depth of the city is proposed in this paper,which is closely related to the people living.The way to realize the value of this type of landscape is analyzed,and it is noted that this type of landscape will transform from back to front in the future.


in the Admiralty in-letters series. What emerges is a fairly consistent set of concerns, requests, comments and attitudes which illuminate the lives of these officers. These conclusions are tested against another selection of officers with long careers and found to be consistent. There are, of course, caveats, which McLeod acknowledges. Writing letters to the Admiralty was an important skill in itself. An officer's career progression depended to a degree on reminding the Admiralty of his existence, giving the right impression and meeting the expectation of the Admiralty Board. This reinforces the significance of the subtitle of this book – this is the view of life on Royal Navy warships from the quarterdeck. It only touches tangentially on the views or concerns of all the other people who lived on those ships. For example, the correspondence tells us almost nothing about the various warrant officers whose skills were essential to the ship. However, such omissions from the correspondence are as interesting and are possibly suggestive of generally good working relationships between captains and their warrant officers. Overall, when compared with other evidence of these officers' careers, the letters provide a valuable insight into the lives of an important group of people. The picture that emerges is of officers who had to demonstrate zeal and capability across a wide range of responsibilities. Aside from the essential role of 'interest' in promotion and appointments, the key to advancement lay in successful action at sea. For this the efficiency of the ship was essential. The bulk of the captains' letters concern getting a ship to sea in good order, keeping it seaworthy, obtaining, training and retaining a competent crew, and demonstrating effectiveness in the carrying out the orders they have been given. A sense of obligation to acknowledge the zeal of others or to present the concerns and requests of subordinates to the Board is also there. There are glimpses of the captains' views on diet, remedial action related to sickness, desertion and discipline. McLeod's conclusions are consistent with most recent studies of the lives of seamen in the Royal Navy. Dietary standards, attitudes to health, mutual obligation, expectations of discipline and social control were broadly similar to those that were commonly expected ashore. Their service on convoy duty, fleet and inshore work across the theatres of operations was varied, but McLeod is able to provide an insight into the balance of the work, how it was allocated and the impact it had on future progression. The overall impression is of a highly committed group of officers with heavy responsibility, aware of what is expected of them from patrons, senior officers, administrators and their own followers. The careers of the cohort are also followed through to their conclusions. Although generalization is dangerous, their fates are probably reflective of other cohorts and do not throw up significant anomalies or surprises. Some lucky prize takers (possibly a higher number than statistically expected), some achieving high rank in the naval or administrative branches and a few honours, are balanced by about half of the group ending their service afloat when the peace came in 1763. Their experiences, service and longevity seems to provide a solid picture of the life of a post captain in this period. This is a very useful addition to the growing number of social studies on the Royal Navy, all the more so as it focuses on the mid-eighteenth century to provide a comparison with the more numerous studies of the period 1793–1815. richard harding hazlemere, BucKinghamshire http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2013.818358 © Richard Harding


Fluorine-graphite intercalation compounds, C2F to C16F were synthesized by various methods. C-F bonds range from ionic to semi-covalent. These properties of C-F bonding give to fluorinated graphite metallic conductivity, higher hydrophilicity than graphite and high reduction potential. The c-axis and in-plane structures are governed by C-F bonding, fluorine intercalation rate and host graphites.


The article casts light upon science diplomacy conducted by foreign affairs bodies of given countries with the focus on their human resources dimension. Despite the rising interest towards the above topic within the scientific discourse, both in Russia and abroad, the problematics of ministerial science diplomacy does by no means appear to be well elaborated in specialized literature. Still, in line with already existing approaches, these issues can be attributed to the second track of science diplomacy as a science policy construct, i.e. diplomacy for science. In other words, this implies facilitating international scientific cooperation through specialized diplomatic institutes being in this case an integral part of ministries of foreign affairs as coordinating bodies of States' external relations. Instrumentally, the authors look into the practices of science attaches and counselors in countries with developed science infrastructures and considerable experience in the field in question – USA, France, Swiss and Japan. They describe the specifics of each national model with regard to traditions and recent trends both in foreign and in science policy. Two distinctive features, all the aforementioned models tend to have in common are outlined: sticking to principles of "academic capitalism" and hiring predominantly people with scientific and academic background for the respective work in diplomatic representations abroad. The first trend infers the perception of knowledge and research results basically as commercializable products, while the second appears significant due to the fact that historically science attaches' positions would be occupied by intelligence agents or civil servants without any academic background rather than by professional scholars. With regard to the ongoing discussion on the necessity to reintroduce, possibly in a new format, this institute in the Russian diplomatic service, the authors recommend to take into consideration the practices of foreign counties and especially the emphasis on "academic capitalism" and professionalism of human resources.


The paper analyzes the selection of structural style of transfer floor in the seismic area and discusses the overall analysis of transfer truss, the calculation of local area and some points concerned. The adoption of prestressed concrete transfer truss of limlted rigidity not only solves the problem of transfer between bottom column grid and top smaller column grid , but also avoids the abrupt change in the stiffness and the complex situation of stresses in the transfer floor under lateral forces, which is favorable in seismic area. Partial prestressed concrete members with 0.5 in degree of prestress in the transfer truss not only solve the problem of deflection and control of crack in the large span structure under the effect of serviceability load, but also have good ductility and capacity of energy dissipation of in the ultimate condition, which can improve the seismic and service of the structure.performance of anti seismic and natural service.


In this paper the model of the cathode spot of a vacuum arc is considered in the framework of the drift-diffusion representation. It is shown that the main source of electrons, providing the current transport of vacuum arc, are ionization processes in the cathode zone, while the emission processes are an auxiliary source of initial electrons. The effects associated with the distribution of electron density in the plasma column of cathode spot, in particular the formation of a "plasma reaction zone" and "ionization wave", are discussed.


For the decomposition of pure water to hydrogen and oxygen, MIn2O4 (M = Ca, Sr), Sr2SnO4, and NaSbO3 were found to make stable photocatalysts when combined with RuO2. The metal oxides are composed of the d10 p-block metal ions (In3+, Sn4+, and Sb5+), and it is demonstrated that the p-block metal oxides with d10 configuration form a new photocatalyst group different from the conventional metal oxide photocatalyst group consisting of the octahedrally coordinated d0 transition-metal ions such as Ti4+, Zr4+, Nb5+, and Ta5+.


List of figures List of tables List of contributors Introduction Peter W. Stahl 1. Archaeological survey and site discovery in the forested neotropics James A. Zeidler 2. The archaeology of community organization in the tropical lowlands: a case study from Puerto Rico Peter E. Siegel 3. Archaeological methods for the study of ancient landscapes of the Llanos de Mojos in the Bolivian Amazon Clark L. Erickson 4. Searching for environmental stress: climatic and anthropogenic influences on the landscape of Colombia Warwick Bray 5. 'Doing' paleoethnobotany in the tropical lowlands: adaptation and innovation in methodology Deborah M. Pearsall 6. Plant microfossils and their application in the New World tropics Dolores R. Piperno 7. Differential preservation histories affecting the mammalian zooarchaeological record from the forested neotropical lowlands Peter W. Stahl 8. Biological research with archaeologically recovered human remains from Ecuador: methodological issues Douglas H. Ubelaker 9. Interpreting dietary maize from bone stable isotopes in the American tropics: the state of the art Lynette Norr 10. From potsherds to pots: a first step in constructing cultural context from tropical forest archaeology J. Scott Raymond 11. Returning to Pueblo Viejo: history and archaeology of the Chachi (Ecuador) Warren R. Deboer References Index.


Relationships of ethnicity and traditional masculinity as at-risk markers for online sexual addiction were explored in this study through the use of descriptive and correlational statistics of 1,441 men. Nearly 31% of men ascribed to higher levels of traditional masculinity and 8% of men were identified as having at-risk markers for online sexual addiction. Small effect size was noted due to large sample. Further research among the varying sexual orientations, family dynamics, and religious affiliation among men is recommended to better understand how traditional masculinity and ethnicity impacts at-risk behaviors for online sexual addiction.


The calculation of the settlement and bending of an elastic slab resting on a consolidating foundation under the action of a load concentrated on a line. Two cases are considered: first, when the slab is perfectly pervious to water, and second, when it is impervious. The problem is two‐dimensional.


The question of the existence of the Fr~und-Karplus natural boundary in the twCI-body scattering amplitude is exami.ned. We consider a possibility not previously discussed of a cancellation of singulariifiest but J..t is found. to be insufficient to pre.vent the natural bound~ry from .being present.


Under section 54 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015, businesses that have a certain annual turnover are required to publish a statement confirming the steps that have been taken to ensure that slavery and human trafficking are not taking place in their business and supply chain. This article aims to critically examine the efficacy of this disclosure requirement by considering both its merits and functional limits.


Notoginsenoside R1 (NG‐R1), a novel phytoestrogen isolated from Panax notoginseng, is believed to have anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative and anti‐apoptotic properties. However, its cardioprotective properties and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we have assessed the contribution of the anti‐inflammatory effects of NG‐R1 to the amelioration of septic cardiac dysfunction and inflammation in mice.


show that the level of autophagy in melanoma cells mel P, participated in capillary-like structures (CLS) formation in matrigel, was considerably higher than in mel Me cells which do not involve in VM. To explore the function of autophagy in the ability of melanoma cells to form CLS 3-methyladenine (3-МA) or chloroquine – inhibitors of initiation and terminal stage of autophagy – were used. Both inhibitors reduced the ability of melanoma cells to engage in VM. The data obtained were confirmed by siRNA-mediated gene silencing of BECN1 involved in the initiation of autophagy and ATG5 gene which is considered to be a marker of late stage of autophagy. Knockdown of BECN1 or ATG5 in mel P melanoma cells reduced the level of protein Вeclin-1 and Atg5 about 70–75 %, and suppressed CLS formation in matrigel. Melanoma cells with the ATG5 gene knockdown changed the shape but maintained the ability to migrate and recognize each other, the formation of CLS was not observed. Low molecular weight VM inhibitor LCS-1269, significantly reduced the basic level of autophagy. Conclusion. Our data indicate that autophagy participates in CLS formation, and inhibition of autophagy suppresses CLS formation. We suggest that autophagy plays a dual role in the survival and development of tumors: autophagy helps cancer cells against environ-ment stress and provides a temporary survival pathway by promoting energy regeneration, autophagy also promotes VM formation which supplies nutrients and oxygen to less vascularized area of tumor.