Abstract: A simple, accurate and highly sensitive spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the rapid and accurate determination of Memantine HCl (MEM) using Bromophenol blue (BPB), Bromocressol purple (BCP) and Methyl orange (MO). The developed methods involve formation of stable yellow colored chloroform extractable ion-associate complexes of the amino derivative (basic nitrogen) of the MEM with three sulphonphthalein acid dyes, namely; BPB, BCP and MO, in phthalate buffer of pH range (3.0–3.8). The ion-associates exhibit absorption maxima at 415, 410 and 422 nm for BPB, BCP and MO, respectively. MEM can be determined up to 1.1-12.5, 0.8-13.1 and 0.6-14 μg/mL, respectively. The effect of optimum conditions via pH, reagent concentration, time, and solvent were studied. The low relative standard deviation values indicate good precision and high recovery values. These methods have been successfully applied for the assay of MEM in pharmaceutical formulations. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference method shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision.


The copolymerization of itaconic acid with acrylonitrile has been carried out in aqueous solutions of three different pH values. From the composition data obtained, the monomer reactivity ratios and the Q-e values have been calculated. The results indicate that itaconic acid, when ionized to the second-step dissociated form, is able to copolymerize with other monomers, while it is almost completely unable to homopolymerize.


Despite regulations specifying parking spots that support wheelchair vans, it is not uncommon for end users to encounter problems with clearance for van ramps. Even if a driver elects to park in the far reaches of a parking lot as a precautionary measure, there is no guarantee that the spot next to their van will be empty when they return. Likewise, the prevalence of older drivers who experience significant difficulty with ingress and egress from vehicles is nontrivial and the ability to fully open a car door is important. This work describes a method and user interaction for low cost, short-range parking without a driver in car. This will enable ingress/egress without the doors being blocked by neighboring cars.


The present study aims to assessment of angiosperm diversity by flower color, flower diameter and flower longevity of Tropical environment of Tamilnadu. 61 species belonging to 56 genera from 31 families were randomly selected in and around Madurai city, Tamil Nadu to study the relationship of flower color with flower diameter and flower longevity. These parameters were recorded and found that 11 of them bearing red color flower and 18, 19 and 13 species with white, yellow and pink shade color respectively. Flower longevity of red color flower was greater (68.40+5.54 hrs) when compared to white and pink colored flowers, while the least was found for yellow color flowers (14.47+1.04 hrs). The average flower diameter was higher in white color flower followed by red colored flowers. Minimum diameter was higher in white color flower followed by yellow color and least was found for red and pink shade flower. The maximum diameter was higher in red color flowers when compared to others. The red color flowers showed higher flower diameter than white, yellow, pink, blue and green color flowers. In the total flower diversity, the white color flower contribution is higher (37%) and followed by yellow color flowers and the maximum was found in red color flowers. Among the 61 species, 4 species are under IUCN categories especially least concern viz. 3 of them red flowers viz., Delonix regia L. Gamble, Erythrina variegate L. and Punicga granatum L. and one purple flower Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. These colored flower plants has been determined to lower diversity due to lower pollinator visitation or long time taken to pollination. This relationship of flower color and size, influence the life span and diversity of flowering plants.


This research work was developed to provide technical information for designing multicells reinforced concrete prefabricated silos, in square form and 60 tons to 15 tons corn capacity per cell, aiming small and medium agricultural producers. Theoretical and experimental analyses were conducted that the two coupled by appluing a model of element to evaluate the strutural behavior of a real scale separated elements and coupled elementand coupled element which form the square wall of the modular silo. From the experimental analysis it was concluded that the two coupled element model presented a satisfactory behavior where toughest spot. The stress values obtained from the RAVENET'S method and from the biarticulable beam theory were lower than the values experimentally obtained. The measured displacement exhibited similar behavior, however greater than the values calculated by applying the maximum inflection and the half shaft inflection method.


The sugar regime of the European Community has been criticized for its strong supports for export and protection against imported sugar from non-EC Members States. The critics to the EC sugar regime finally result in the WTO/DSB's ruling in 2005. The aim of this article is to survey on the reform of the sugar regime of the European Community after the WTO's European Communities-Export Subsidies on Sugar Case in 2005 and backwards. The second part of this article will give a detailed analysis of the development and contents of the EC's sugar regime and on the regulations of the GATT on agricultural subsidy. The third part of this article will study the factual background and legal issues of the European Communities-Export Subsidies on Sugar Case, including the Panel and Appellate Body Reports. The fourth part of this article will survey and review what the European Community has done for compliance to the rulings of the DSB, if the new sugar regime has been abided by the Agreement on Agriculture, and what possible effects this new sugar regime would cause. And the fifth part is the concluding chapter of this article.


Objective: To study the combined extraction techniques of glycyrrhizic acid and flavonoids from compound of licorice and chrysanthemum. Methods: The effects of extraction time, extraction temperature, the ratio of water to solid and extraction times on the extraction rate of glycyrrhizic acid and flavonoids were investigated. And the optimal extraction conditions were determined by orthogonal experiments. Results: The optimal combined extraction time, temperature, the ratio of water to solid and extraction times were 3h, 90℃, 12:1 and 2, respectively.


Considering the supply system and operating cost of enterprises which are in the supply chain as the main index, this paper establishes a supply chain evaluation model, and utilizes Arena building stimulation model of the supply chain which considers manufacturing enterprises as the core of supply chain. This model designs a generic simulation model of the supply chain including multi-level distributors and suppliers. And the model analyzes a representative example of business process, one of the enterprises in Shandong.


The present invention relates to a water-soluble metallic flashlight coating material, including (1) a water medium which contains organic solvent and possesses volatility; (2) internal crosslinked microparticle polymer capable of dispersing in water medium and with the grain size of 0.05-0.5 micrometer; (3) a water crosslinking agent; and (4). metallic pigment or quasi-metallic pigment or inorganic pigment or organic pigment dispersed in water medium. Said invention adopts two-coating and one-baking process to raise the gloss of coated layer for higher flashlighting effect, and can be extensively used for coating car and its components. Its environmental pollution is less.


We present time-series photometry during the early decline phase of the extremely fast nova V1674 Herculis. The 2021 light curve showed periodic signals at 0.152921(3) days and 501.486(5) s, which we interpret as respectively the orbital and white dwarf spin periods in the underlying binary. We also detected a sideband signal at the difference frequency between these two clocks. During the first 15 days of outburst, the spin period appears to have increased by 0.014(1)%. This increase probably arose from the sudden loss of high-angular-momentum gas ("the nova explosion") from the rotating, magnetic white dwarf. Both periodic signals appeared remarkably early in the outburst, which we attribute to the extreme speed with which the nova evolved (and became transparent to radiation from the inner binary). After that very fast initial period increase of 71 ms, the period subsequently decreased—at 182(18) ms yr−1 in 2021, and 88(18) ms yr−1 in 2022. These rates are ∼100× faster than typically seen in intermediate polars. This could be due to high accretion torques from very high mass-transfer rates, which might be common when low-mass donor stars are strongly irradiated by a nova outburst.


Titanium dioxide (TiO2)-assisted photodegradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), especially malodorous substances at ppb level in closed air are reported. As target VOCs we selected acetaldehyde, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and methyl mercaptan, because of their toxicity and unpleasant odor at low concentration in closed air. The initial concentrations were fixed at 0.4–5.0 ppm for acetaldehyde, 0.03 ppm for DMDS and DMS and 0.02 ppm for methyl mercaptan respectively. A blacklight UV-lamp was employed as a light source and the intensity of UV-light was controlled at 1.0 mW/cm 2 (351 nm). The half life of these odorous substances was from 20 min to 120 min and pseudo-first-order reaction rates were 1.1 × 10 −2 min −1 (acetaldehyde), 1.4 × 10 −2 min −1 (DMDS), 4.8 × 10 −2 min −1 (DMS) and 8.0 × 10 −3 min −1 (methyl mercaptan). One of the byproducts of TiO2 photodegradation of acetaldehyde was identified as formaldehyde by liqui dc hromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). These basic data of TiO2 photodegradation for odorous substances will be useful for the construction of an air purification system using TiO2 photodegradation in closed air, for example in living rooms, hospitals and care rooms.


Melanoma-associated mutations in a phosphatase are associated with increased autophagy, a process that can enhance tumor progression. Linking kinases in autophagy initiation Cells initiate autophagy to reclaim nutrients under starvation conditions. One stimulus for autophagy is amino acid deprivation, which inhibits one kinase (mTOR) and activates another (GCN2). Wengrod et al. found that inhibition of mTOR stimulated the phosphatase PP6C, resulting in the activation of GCN2, which promoted the phosphorylation of eIF2α, a protein translation factor, and autophagy. Cells expressing forms of PP6C with certain melanoma-associated mutations and human melanoma samples genotyped for these mutations showed increased phosphorylation of eIF2α and autophagy. Amino acid deprivation promotes the inhibition of the kinase complex mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) and activation of the kinase GCN2 (general control nonrepressed 2). Signaling pathways downstream of both kinases have been thought to independently induce autophagy. We showed that these two amino acid–sensing systems are linked. We showed that pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 led to activation of GCN2 and phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) in a mechanism dependent on the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 6 (PP6C). Autophagy induced by pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 required PP6C, GCN2, and eIF2α phosphorylation. Although some of the PP6C mutants found in melanoma did not form a strong complex with PP6 regulatory subunits and were rapidly degraded, these mutants paradoxically stabilized PP6C encoded by the wild-type allele and increased eIF2α phosphorylation. Furthermore, these PP6C mutations were associated with increased autophagy in vitro and in human melanoma samples. Thus, these data showed that GCN2 activation and phosphorylation of eIF2α in response to mTORC1 inhibition are necessary for autophagy. Additionally, we described a role for PP6C in this process and provided a mechanism for PP6C mutations associated with melanoma.


The tertiary education of our country is faced with new opportunities and challenges under the trend of educational modernization. To this end, colleges and universities have been exploring energetically in how to cultivate high-qualified innovative people and have already attained gratifying achievement, among which is the tutor system for science research. This article makes discussion mainly concerning the connotation, system, practice and the function of tutor system for science research.


Many microbes such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and yeast extracellularly or intracellularly produce a group of versatile and attractive enzymes with a wide variety of structures and commercial applications. Many microbial enzymes, such as amylases, proteases, pectinases, lipases, xylanases, cellulases, and laccases, are extracellularly produced. Some enzymes such as catalase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger are intracellular enzymes (Fiedurek and Gromada, 2000; Venkateshwaran et al., 1999). As biocatalytic molecules, microbial enzymes are ecologically effective and highly specific, which can result in the formation of stereoand regio-chemically defined reaction products with a rate acceleration of 105 to 108 (Gurung et al., 2013; Koeller and Wong, 2001). Among the industrial enzymes, 50% are made by fungi and yeast, 35% from bacteria, while the remaining 15% are from plants (Saranraj and Naidu, 2014). When compared to animal and plant enzymes, microbial enzymes have several advantages. First, the microbial enzymes are more active and stable than plant and animal enzymes. Through the development of fermentation processes, particularly selected strains are able to produce purified, well-characterized enzymes on a large scale. Second, enzymes produced by microorganisms have high yield and are easy for product modification and optimization owing to the biochemical diversity and susceptibility to gene manipulation. Engineering techniques have been applied to microorganisms in order to improve the production of enzymes and alter the properties of enzymes by protein engineering (Gurung et al., 2013). Third, microbes represent a rich source for the discovery of microbial enzymes by many modern techniques such as


Delayed write in a multilevel file system cache hierarchy offers a way to improve performance in diverse client/server scenarios, such as integrating mass store into a distributed file system or providing distributed file system access over low-speed links. Using file system traces and cache simulations, we explore extensions and modifications to the traditional client-caching model employed in such file systems as AFS, Sprite, and DFS. High cache hit rates at an intermediate cache server-a machine logically interposed between clients and servers that provides cached file service to the clients-combined with high client cache hit rates lend practicality to an integrated mass storage file system. In such a system, magnetic tape or optical-based mass storage devices may be used as a first-class data repository, fronted by disk and RAM caches to offer acceptable access times to the large, but slow, mass storage system. Similarly, a high cache hit rate is necessary for users accessing file systems via low-speed links, where a delayed write intermediate caching server can mediate traffic to make better use of available bandwidth. In an example taken from mobile computing, an intermediate server might be used as a docking station at a user's home. This arrangement would be convenient for users of mobile computers who upload large amounts of data generated while operating in disconnected mode. Simulations of delayed write caching strategies are applicable to both the mass storage and low-speed link scenarios.


In order to promote the school physical education reform to a comprehensive development level and enhance the special school physical education work,this paper,using the method of questionnaire survey,interview,literature review and mathematical statistics,makes analysis on current physical education situation in Zhejiang province including the physical education teaching management,finance,teachers,physical education teaching,stadium,students' knowledge about physical education by means of the R type elements analysis.It concludes that 5 elements influence the physical education development in special schools in Zhejiang,namely,leadership and finance(30.08%),teachers and teaching(18.201%),stadium(10.329%),safety(7.00%)and student's knowledge of physical education(5.726%).Based on existing problem,some developing suggestions are put forwarded.


Critical Theory that has been developed by Frankfurt School is one of the most important schools of thought that criticizes modern society with a Marxist manner but at the same time they differentiate themselves from classical Marxist approach in some aspects. In this paper, the critiques of Max Horkheimer and
Theodor Adorno towards modern society will be covered with the light of their article of Culture Industry; Enlightenment as a Mass Deception. The discussion will mainly cover the bringing of modernity including Enlightenment era with its rational, instrumentalist and positivist manner and also culture industry which is one of the most criticized aspect of capitalist order by them. Their critiques of culture industry will be analyzed in more details and it will help us to see how Critical Theory has a more pessimistic approach than classical Marxism in terms of understanding and evaluating modern world that is surrounded by a manipulated culture industry.


Based on the structure interpretation and the analysis of regional tectonic setting controlling on oil,it indicates that multi-cycle tectonic movement and migration of palaeo-uplifts had occurred in Tarim basin.It includes six stages of evolution:the commence of basement lift in the Precambrian,the formation before the end of Early Ordovician,completion before the end of Ordovician,modification during Silurian-Devonian,local regulation during the end of Permian,tectonic station during Mesozoic.The evolution of palaeo-uplift was characterized by multiple epoches,inheritance,migration and modification and formed three large Palaeozoic palaeo-uplifts which were dominated by the lower Palaeozoic carbonate,including the central uplift,the northern uplift and the southwestern uplift.The uplifts forming in the Palaeozoic controlled the hydrocarbon distribution in the platform-basin region.The polycyclic tectonic movements together with three stages of hydrocarbon migration and accumulations,resulted in the vertical overlap of the producing layer,reservoir rock,multi-phase and multi-type of oil reservoir,and then formed a complex petroleum accumulation zone in the palaeo-uplifts.The slopes of the Palaeozoic uplifts are the main exploration orientations in Tarim basin.The Paleao-uplifts evolution analysis showed that there exists a large Palaeozoic uplift which submerged in the late Himalayan in Migaiti slope,southwestern Tarim basin.The Ordovician karst reservoir and the Carboniferous mud cap rock formed a high-quality reservoir-cap assemblage in the uplift with the Hercynian hydrocarbon and oil accumulation and the Himalayan gas accumulation.Thus,the southwestern uplift is a potential exploration domain after the discovery of the big oil/gas fields in the uplift in the north and centrel of Tarim basin.


Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a widely accepted process for machining of superalloys. The application of these alloys has expanded, to many areas including aerospace, jet engines, rocket engines, nuclear and petroleum plants. The novel properties of the alloys include the ability to retain high strength even after long and continuous exposures to extremely high temperatures with excellent surface stability. The response characteristics such as MRR, EWR, SR, white layer thickness, micro-hardness and surface integrity of workpiece have been reported in the literature. The effects of parameter such as current, pulse duration, voltage are among the important ones addressed. Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT) mixed in the dielectric medium are important upcoming areas for analyzing the surface characteristics. The modeling techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach and response surface methodology are offered in order to understand machining induced surface properties. Comprehensive and systematic modeling approach on the process physics and industrial applications are the research areas which need further investigations. The paper presents a review on the electrical discharge machining of superalloys and future applications.


A comparative study of the reactions of substituted 4-nitrobenzylidene dichlorides ArCHCl2(Ar = 3-Cl-4-NO2C6H3, 2-Cl-4-NO2C6H3, 4-NO2C6H4, 3,5-Me2-4-NO2C6H2, and 2-Me-4-NO2C6H3) with aqueous alcoholic alkali shows that chlorine substitution enhances the electron-transfer-radical mechanism, whereas methyl substitution favours the solvolysis pathway. Changes in reactivity and mechanism are discussed.


2014 A theoretical model for the intermolecular proton transfer AH+ + B ~ A + HB+ between identical molecules A and B in solution is proposed. The proton is initially assumed to be in the ground bound state of a three dimensional (3D) spherical potential well belonging to molecule A. When the diffusing molecules A and B collide, the proton can tunnel through a 3D potential barrier and be trapped in an equivalent 3D spherical well belonging to molecule B. This corresponds to a resonant process in a 3D double potential well. An analytic expression of the transfer rate can be obtained by evaluating the resonance frequency of the double well within the LCAO approximation, and by using a classical description of the relative diffusion of the molecules. Typical values of the tunnelling transfer rate are provided and it is shown that this mechanism may dominate the normal activated process as the temperature is lowered. J. Phys. France 49 (1988) 727-738 m 1988, 1 Classification Physics Abstracts 05.40 66.10 82.20


apparent fresh wt. used to correct fresh-weight values, and also to assess the contribution of surface liquid to extracts pre- pared from unwashed mycelial pads.


This work reports on an oscillating pressure sensor that converts pressure into frequency using the squeeze-film effect. A feedback loop, consisting of a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), a phase shifter and an automatic gain control circuit, brings the sensor element into sustained oscillation. The frequency stability of the pressure sensor is investigated by measuring its Allan deviation and is compared to the performance of a quartz oscillating pressure sensor. In addition, the pressure resolution of this novel type of oscillating pressure sensor is compared to conventional sensors.


Income poverty is not only the deprivation the urban poor face; inhabitants in informal settlements have extremely very little or absolutely no access to basic services such as health, water and sanitation- deprivations that severely erode human capital. Kenya Water for Health Organization (KWAHO), in partnership with WaterCan Canada, has undertaken WASH initiatives in informal settlements as an entry point to rally the inhabitants to address wider community poverty issues through the use of community organization methodology to break this culture of apathy in informal settlements. Technical implementation of WASH in form of construction of water points and toilets is both a capacity transfer means and support mechanism. However, Hygiene promotion is core in the initiatives as a means of encouraging local communities to effectively use water and sanitation infrastructure developed as demonstrated by Wise ladies, a group of women in Kianda village, Kibera, whose case study is presented herein.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: There are only incontinence pants for men to prevent discomfort of underwear stains due to a small amount of urine leakage, such as prostatic hypertrophy in middle-aged people, mild urination disorder due to respiratory disease, and daily life In addition, a lightweight and easy-to-wear disposable type that is convenient for carrying is not commercially available for men. [Solution] Targeting middle-aged and mild urinary disorders, replacing incontinence pants for small amounts of urine leakage from several drops to about 10ml after urination or in normal life so that daily life can be comfortably sent, It can be provided as a disposable men's dust guard penis cap that can be easily attached and detached. [Selection] Figure 2


Context: Rotator cuff tears is an important cause of shoulder pain and MRI is limited by it cost and availability especially in the developing countries. Aims: This study was undertaken to find the degree of agreement between MRI and high resolution Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of Rotator cuff tears (RCT). Methods and Material: Fifty consecutive patients with shoulder pain who were clinically suspected of RCT underwent ultrasonography and subsequent MRI was done. According to standardized procedures, Sonography was performed by a radiologist. USG and MRI results were scored as negative or positive for the presence of a full-thickness and partial thickness RCT. Statistical analysis: The agreement between the two methods was assessed using kappa coefficient. Results: Out of 50 patients, a total of 34 patients were diagnosed as having rotator cuff tears on ultrasound while 16 patients were normal. When MRI examination was conducted in these patients, it showed 38 cases of rotator cuff tears while 12 patients were diagnosed as normal. The agreement between the two methods was assessed using kappa coefficient. The strength of agreement between USG and MRI for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears was found to be 'very good'. Conclusions: Out of 50 patients, a total of 34 patients were diagnosed as having rotator cuff tears on ultrasound while 16 patients were normal. When MRI examination was conducted in these patients, it showed 38 cases of rotator cuff tears while 12 patients were diagnosed as normal. The agreement between the two methods was assessed using kappa coefficient. The strength of agreement between USG and MRI for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears was found to be 'very good. Key-words: Rotator cuff tears, Ultrasound, Magnetic resonance imaging Key massage The high resolution sonography is an attractive screening modality for rotator cuff in patients presenting with painful shoulder. A well performed ultrasound examination in most cases obviates the need for more invasive diagnostic tests like arthrography and cumbersome and expensive MRI examinations.


The most developed economies have gone through a significant structural change during the last decades. Today most of the economic activities clearly concentrate on the service sector and the concept of the service society emerged.
However, this major economic role of services is up to now not reflected in transportation science. Up to now there has never been an approach for a comprehensive reflection on service traffic. But to know requirements and restrictions will enable new user group specific traffic strategies, especially for intermodal and sustainable products.
The paper therefore applies representative data of the German research project "Service Traffic". By using data of a survey among almost 1250 companies the article investigates the importance of different transport modes for several services in single economic sections, analyses existing barriers, examines how decisions for transport modes are made and identifies therefore starting points to promote intermodal traffic solutions.


Abstract Synaptic Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (SYNGAP1) is abundantly expressed in the postsynaptic space in brain tissue and has a crucial role in the regulation of the excitatory/inhibitory balance and in brain development. It is estimated that SYNGAP1 loss of function variants have an incidence of 1 to 4/10,000 individuals, mostly occurring de novo, even if few cases of vertical transmission of mosaic mutations have been reported. Loss-of-function mutations within this gene have been related with an epileptic encephalopathy characterized by eyelid myoclonia with absences (EMA) and myoclonic-atonic seizures (MAE) with early onset, commonly resistant to antiepileptic drugs (AED). Epilepsy is often associated with other clinical features, including truncal and/or facial hypotonia and/or ataxia with a wide-based and unsteady gate. Other clinical signs are intellectual disability, developmental delay, and behavioral and speech impairment, in a context of a normal neuroimaging study. In selected cases, dysmorphic features, skeletal abnormalities, and eye involvement are also described. The diagnosis of the disorder is usually established by multigene panel and, in unsolved cases, by exome sequencing. Management of the affected individuals involves different specialists and is mainly symptomatic. No clinical trials about the efficacy of AED in SYNGAP1 encephalopathy have been performed yet and Lamotrigine and valproate are commonly prescribed. In more than half of cases, however, epilepsy is refractory to AED.


The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between EGFR mutation and computed tomography (CT) features in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung.


We report a case of subcutaneous migration of fish bone in a 2 yr old boy presented with a lump in his upper abdomen without any features of peritonitis. The diagnosis could be made only after surgical exploration because of the absence of any clinical suspicion and low specificity of imaging modality. This represents a rare condition with potential complications but a natural tendency of the body to get rid of a foreign material and a favorable outcome after chronic penetration of the gastrointestinal tract by a fish bone.


apollo is addressed in these lines. i would like to point out that textual alteration is not necessary in line 5. We should translate as follows: "Come with favour to be my inspirer in song, whether Cynthos entertains you, and is more pleasing to you than famous Delos (Delo ... illa), or if Dodona is preferable to you". The poet alludes in line 5 to apollo's two titles, i.e. Cynthius and Delius. He then mentions Dodona. it should be noted that the people of Dodona received the first-fruits of Apollo: cf. Callimachus, Hymn 4, line 284.


The article has introduced research advances and clinical trials in recent years on treatment of exercise-induced fatigue with acupuncture,especially in its functions of scavenging oxygen free radicals and inhibiting lipid-peroxidation,regulating immunity,preventing exercise-induced dysfunction of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis,improving energy metabolism,maintaining the stability of internal environment,alleviating delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and preventing mental fatigue and central fatigue etc.It is intended to explain that acupuncture has great potential against exercise-induced fatigue from the views of safety,less side-effects and not involving in stimulants etc.However,divergences still exist in acupoint selection,manipulations and selection of indicators in relative researches.Therefore,further studies are necessary to give a full play of advantages of acupuncture against exercise-induced fatigue.


The use of GARCH models to characterize crude oil price volatility is widely observed in the empirical literature. In this paper the efficiency of six univariate GARCH models and two methods of estimation the parameters for forecasting oil price volatility are examined and the best method for forecasting crude oil price volatility of Brent market is determined. All the examined models in this paperbelong to the univariate time series family. This article investigates and compares the efficiency of volatility models for crude oil markets. The four years out-of-sample volatility forecasts of the GARCH models are evaluated using the superior predictive ability test with more loss function. The results find that GARCH (1,1) model can outperform all of the other models for the crude oil price of Brent market across different loss functions. Four different measures are used to evaluate the forecasting accuracy of the models. Then, two methods of estimation the parameters of GARCH models, for forecasting oil price volatility are compared. The results suggest that, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) gives better results for estimation than generalized method of moments (GMM) in this study.


There are several types of yogurt like stir curd, set curd and drinkable yogurt and they all need to be refrigerated. Moreover there are very few dairy products that can be stored at room temperature and not many dairy foods are finger foods. A novel yogurt product like a yogurt with L. acidophilus could be a dairy product that is a finger food, which can be stored at room temperature and have health benefits. The objectives of the research were to study the effects of 0, 1, 10 and100g of Lactobacillus acidophilus /gal of yogurt product on L. acidophilus, yogurt bacteria, coliform, yeast and mold counts over 0, 1, 2 and 3 months of storage of the novel yogurt product at room temperature. Yogurt bacterial counts were significantly higher in all treatments at month 3 compared to control. With the use of 10g and 100g/gal addition of L. acidophilus there was a significant decrease in L. acidophilus counts at month 2 and month 3 when compared to month 0. Novel yogurt product such as a yogurt capable of being stored at room temperature.


Objective To investigate the effects of continuous vacuum sealing drainage( VSD) during treatment of chronic wounds. Methods 58 patients with chronic wounds underwent routine debridement with VSD for covering the wound for 7 ~ 10 d each vacuum suction. After the wound granulation fullness,free skin graft or flap was performed for wound healing. Results Three cases underwent continuous vacuum sealing drainage treatment had natural wound healing. After the treatment of continuous vacuum sealing drainage,46 cases had complete wound healing by free skin grafting,another 9 cases by grafting of flap. Conclusions VSD is a simple,effective method for wound treatment,which can improve the wound condition and shorten the period of therapy. It is a good tool for the recovery of chronic wounds.


Introduction Control of the HIV & AIDS pandemic, which has lasted for more than 34 years, has been underpinned on antiretroviral therapy (ART) which is offered in five steps called the HIV treatment cascade. The steps are: HIV diagnosis, linkage to care, retention in care, receipt of antiretroviral therapy and plasma viral suppression [1]. The elimination of mother-tochild transmission of HIV (eMTCT) program is instrumental in the elimination of HIV by year 2030 [2]. EMTCT interventions are offered in another series of steps called the PMTCT cascade. The steps involve access to antenatal care, HIV testing and enrolment into care, initiating ART, follow up, access to postnatal care, testing the child and their enrolment into care, initiating the child on ART and follow up. Under the PMTCT option B+ the step of determining eligibility for ART is eliminated since all ART-naïve HIV-positive pregnant women receive ART while those already on ART continue ART [3]. The success of all the steps is mainly based on retention in PMTCT [4]. ART has proven to be efficacious as such, more than 15 million people living with HIV & AIDS are on ART [5]. For ART to be effective, 100% retention in HIV Care is required. Otherwise, the virus may develop resistance against current drugs and more people living with HIV & AIDS will become ill and die.


A typical e-commerce platform has too many similar items for sale, making it difficult for customers to choose from. User reviews left by previous buyers are worth reading to help customers make purchase choices. However, due to the large number of reviews, users cannot read all reviews to extract real useful information. In this paper, we propose a user review driven rating system, which is particularly designed for Tmall, a famous Chinese e-commerce platform, to help customers to understand the differences among similar items for finding a satisfactory one. Numerical result demonstrates that, on average, aggregated score calculated by our rating system for items is as efficient as the score given by Tmall, while our rating can differentiate items at much finer granularity by the computed multi-dimension scores.


Green supply chain management has become an important avenue in current business scenario. The concept of GSCM is to integrate environmental thinking into traditional supply chain management. A firm's sustainability performance is greatly influenced by appropriate supplier selection in the green supply chain context. In selecting appropriate green supplier, various green criteria need to be considered along with traditional supplier selection criteria. The decision making in the context of green supplier selection becomes much more complex due to involvement of subjective selection criteria. Subjective human judgment often bears ambiguity and vagueness in the decision making; whilst fuzzy set theory overcomes the challenges of imprecise and inconsistent human judgment in ambiguous decision environment. In this context, a decision making scenario in relation to green supplier selection has been articulated in this paper aiming to investigate the applicability of MULTIMOORA in fuzzy setting (F-MULTIMOORA). The ranking order of candidate suppliers has been compared to that of fuzzy-TOPSIS. Finally, an attempt has been made to determine a unique quantitative performance index for each of the green suppliers; based on which a ranking order has also been arrived.


Charged particle therapy (CPT) is a well-established modality of cancer treatment and is increasing in worldwide presence due to improved accelerator technology and modern techniques. The beam delivery system (BDS) determines the overall timing and beam shaping capabilities, but is restricted by the energy variation speed: energy layer switching time (ELST). Existing treatment beamlines have a ±1% momentum acceptance range, needing time to change the magnetic fields as the beam is delivered in layers at various depths across the tumour volume. Minimising the ELST can enable the delivery of faster, more effective and advanced treatments but requires an improved BDS. A possibility for this could be achieved with a design using Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFA) optics, enabling a large energy acceptance to rapidly transport beams of varying energies. A scaled-down, novel system – Technology for Ultra Rapid Beam Operation (TURBO) – is being developed at the University of Melbourne, to explore the potential of rapid depth scanning. Initial simulation studies, beam and field measurements, project plans and clinical considerations are discussed.


A new balanced amplifier using the 6-port power divider is proposed. The power divider used in this balanced amplifier has a totally planar structure, and needs no internal resistor and termination. The measured insertion loss of the 2-port back-to-back power divider/combiner for the balanced amplifier is around 0.7 dB, which is a reasonable value at 10 GHz. In power measurement, the 1 dB output power compression point of the proposed balanced amplifier is twice that of the single-ended amplifier as predicted. The measured performances show that the proposed amplifier can be applied as a new balanced amplifier.


This paper presents the experimental results of recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tube columns prepared with different amount of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) subjected to axial loading. The recycled coarse aggregates are obtained from the earthquake waste in Sichuan. Based on the studying of the physical and mechanical properties of recycled coarse aggregate, the mechanical property of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with five concrete mixes with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% RCA respectively are prepared. The behaviour of the circular solid steel tube columns are studied in terms of the load carrying capacity, ductility and strain response under axial compressive loading in addition to the physical and mechanical characteristics of RCA and RAC. The results show that the steel tube column gives lower ultimate bearing capacities when the RCA were added. However, no obvious difference on the failure modes were found between the steel tube columns filled with recycled aggregate concrete and normal concrete.


Moist air conversion to water and power by a system that uses atmospheric water vapor as its fuel is described. Water vapor is separated from moist air using a vapor separation barrier system. This system has atmospheric pressure on one side of the barrier and the opposite side has a low pressure maintained by the inlet of a vacuum pump/compressor system. The pressure difference across the barrier promotes water-vapor transport through the barrier into the vacuum-pump inlet. Additional compression is necessary to raise the water-vapor pressure and temperature to values appropriate for efficient energy transfer and condensation. The magnitude of compression depends on the ambient water-vapor concentration that varies with location and season. Intercooling between compressors and the magnitude of compression are issues. In this paper the use of a two-compressor system without intercooling is developed and applied to Miami, FL, during the summer. Output power calculations are modeled as an improved Rankine-cycle with reheaters, regenerators, and feedwater heating to improve overall cycle efficiency. The net power output for a water-vapor throughput of 1 kg/s (2.204 lbm/s) is +151.1 kW (+515.5 kBtu/hr) with the water discharged from the system as a liquid. A turbine-based power extraction system is described that uses the warmed cooling fluid flowing from the steam condenser following the main turbine for power production. This system converts approximately 1% of the heat from the condenser into power. System calculations are specific to humid coastal areas, such as Miami, FL.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


In the study, in the context of the theme of the seven sages of Greece, the corpus of factual material was analyzed, followed by the use of general scientific and specific methods, and the author's conclusions were obtained, including those of a misdirected nature. The thesis is substantiated that philosophy arises not only as a departure from mythological perception, but also as an activity-based reflection on socio-political reality in a particular polis. Accordingly, despite the fact that the sages perceived philosophy only as a reflection on nature, but as a study of the surrounding world and, on the basis of this, an attempt to make this or that political reality stable and loyal to all residents of a particular polis. Based on previous scientific works at the intersection of philosophy, political science, history, linguistics and semantics, the context of the use of a number of important concepts is clarified, regardless of further connotational loads, which has transformed meanings from time to time. Accordingly, the main focus of the article focuses on the dichotomous division of the seven wise men into parties: democrats and tyrants. Since the attitude towards tyrants and the phenomenon of tyranny is more or less positionally expressed in the philosophical tradition since Plato, the main issue was precisely in the temporal segment of the «pre-Platonic», pre-classical, and then it was complicated by numerous factors. Among them, in addition to the limited primary sources, there is a difference in the interpretation of ancient allegories, the imposition of a modern understanding of socio-political processes on the socio-economic conditionality of the inhabitants of the policies more than 2.5 thousand years ago, and the like. This creates a challenge for comprehending a full-fledged political picture of life or Ionia, or continental Hellas. Based on specific and comprehensive data, for example, the duties and powers of certain state officials of the archaic era, it was possible to theorize and find their confirmation / refutation in works of a later period. This constituted an important part of the study, as the aim is to provide an unbiased analysis of both parties and their supporters, regardless of the moral and ethical side. The main thing here is the clarification of the role, place, importance and popularity of both approaches to the 404 event in Athens, which qualitatively changed public discourse in a decisive way, completely moving away in black and white tones.


Current high power femtosecond lasers have been shown to produce electron pulses which may be appropriate for the pumping of X‐Ray lasers through collisional ionisation. Non‐radiative Coster‐Kronig type decay processes may be fast enough to form an inverted state and allow X‐ray lasing within the biologically interesting "water window". Calculations of the atomic processes in metallic Ti, Mn and Cu are presented that potentially useable gains on the M1 − L3 transition.


Abstract The essential oil content and chemical composition of Tagetes minuta L. was determined at different harvesting times of budding, full flowering and fruit set stages. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of all samples, and was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil content of samples which were harvested at budding, full flowering and fruit set stages were 1.55%, 1.44% and 1.0% (w/w) on a dry weight basis, respectively. Nineteen, 20 and 19 compounds have been identified in the oils of budding, full flowering and fruit set stages of T. minuta, respectively. The major compounds were limonene, dihydrotagetone, (Z)-tagetone, (E)-ocimenone and α-terpineol. The results showed that harvest times had a major effect on the constituents of the oil of T. minuta.


In this paper, two species of the genus Stylotermes are described as new from Yunnan Province and Guangdong Province, China.All measurement are in millimeters. All the type specimens ate kept in the Guangdong Institute of Entomology.Stylotermes alpinus, sp. nor.Soldier (fig. 1, table 1).Head-capsule dark brownish yellow, pronotum darker than hind part of head, abdomen pale yellow. Head-capsule abundantly hairy, median area of pronotum with about 30 bristles.Head-capsule sub-rectangular, slightly converging anteriorly. Fontanelle raised. Antenna with 14-15 segments, segment III slightly larger than I and nearly twice as long as II. La-brum subquadrate, apex almost straight or slightly concave. Mandibles sabre-shaped, slightly incurved at apex, inner margin of left mandible with indistinct serrate trace, except a crenu-lation slightly below middle; basal hump rising steeply. Maxilla with 13 kciniomarginal bristles. Pronotum with a broad V-shaped and shallow concavity on its anterior margin, with a deep U-shaped notch in middle; posterior margin in middle shallowly concaved, ratio of middle concavity 21-24%; longitudinal line distinct. Hind femur about 2.5-2.8 times as long as wide.This new species resembles Stylotermes acrofrons Ping et Liu, but differs as follows: 1. apex of labrum almost straight (vs. semicircular), 2. apex of mandibles slightly incurved (vs. rather straight), 3. head width 1.72-1.69 (vs. 1.59-1.67), 4. pronotum width 1.53-1.63 (vs. 1.27-1.37), 5. ratio of middle concavity 21-24% (vs. 12-19%).Type locality: Mt. Gaoligong (altitude 1920m, 25°N, 98°E) at Tengchong County, Yunnan Province. Holotype soldier and paratypes 14 soldiers plus workers from type series (I. No. E 5351). Collected by Xie Ying-shu on June 25,1981 in a dead portion of a living tree.Stylotermes lianpingensis, sp. nov.Soldier (fig. 2, table 2).Head-capsule dark reddish brown, pronotum somewhat pale, abdomen pale yellow. Head-capsule scattered hairy, pronotum with about 20 bristles in median area.Head-capsule sub-rectangular, slightly converging anteriorly. Fontanelle somewhat raised. Antenna with 14-15 segments, segment I larger than III. Eyes slightly bulge. Labrum semicircular. Mandibles slightly incurved at apex; left mandible with inner margin smooth, except a crenulation below middle; right mandible with a crenulation in posterior third;ba-sal hump indistinct. Maxilla with 10 kciniomarginal bristles. Anterior margin of pronotum with a broad V-shaped notch, posterior margin in middle shallow concaved, ratio of middle concavity 15-20%; longitudinal line distinct.Hind femur about 2.5-2.8 times as long as wide.This new species resembles Stylotermes sinensis (Yu et Ping), but differs as follows: 1. fontanelle somewhat raised (vs. plane), 2. opercula of antennal socket relatively small (vs. relatively larger), 3. head -width 1.52-1.63 (vs. 1.25-1.40), 4. head width index 0.61-0.65 (vs. 0.54-0.60).Type locality: Lianping County, Guangdong Province (24° N, 114° E). Holotype soldier and paratypes 28 soldiers plus workers from type series (I. No. E 5594) and paratype series (I. No. E 5595). Collected by Liu Tan-jin and Li Xue-feng on July 20, 1981 in a dead tree and a living tree respectively.


We have calculated approximate profiles for the concentration gradient in velocity sedimentation of a homogeneous solute when both the diffusion and the sedimentation coefficient depend on pressure. Pressure dependence of the diffusion coefficient narrows the peak but does not seem to shift the maximum appreciably.


CurtinMobile is a purpose-built mobile website aimed predominantly at current Curtin students. Based on the evidence in mobile ownership surveys, student retention projects, and models of mobile technology use at other universities, Curtin has developed a mobile 'help at your fingertips' website called CurtinMobile. The aim of the mobile website is to help enable students to easily connect with the student experience 'on the go' by visiting m.curtin.edu.au.


A model based on thermal diffusion of nonlinear absorbing nano-precursor is used to calculate the optimal sequence of fluences necessary to condition DKDP crystal in situ using small-aperture damaging testing results.


With the growing number of digitized documents available to researchers it is becoming possible to answer scientific questions by simply analyzing the image content. In this article, a new approach for the automatic dating of historical documents is proposed. It is based on an approach only recently proposed for scribe identification. It uses local RootSIFT descriptors which are encoded using VLAD. The method is evaluated using a dataset consisting of context areas of medieval papal charters covering around 150 years from 1049 to 1198 AD. Experimental results show very promising mean absolute errors of about 17 years.


Insufficient social cues between distributed learners in online learning could result in lack of engagement and social bonds. With the development of wearable sensing, sharing physiological data can be used to enhance mutual understanding and connectedness among sharers. Our work aims to explore the potential of sharing heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) collected from distributed learners to enhance their online learning experiences. We implemented a physiological streaming system and conducted a field study with 11 learners in online classes. This paper describes the study and discusses our interview findings by contrasting the influence of visualized collective physiological data from viewpoints of data contributors and viewers. Our exploratory results suggest streaming collective HR and HRV from multiple distributed learners could be used in online classes to improve engagement and sense of community.


This chapter defends the legitimacy of measurements concerned with religious beliefs. It shows the difficulty of this measure but also its great interest. To do this, it compares some questions from the 1999 European Values Survey to the 1998 International Social Survey Programme (such as the belief in God, the strength and intensity of this belief, the belief in life after death, in Paradise, in Hell and the Devil). The comparison is carried out in eleven European countries. As the wording of questions is not the same in the two surveys, the results are not identical for a given country when the same dimension is measured. But, on the indicators of beliefs selected, the countries are classified in more or less the same order from the most to the least believing. And no matter whether the EVS or ISSP indicator is used, the same system of relationships can be observed with independent variables. The last part of the paper tries to explain how it would be possible to improve questionnaires about religion and shows what kind of knowledge will be bettered on this subject with the new 2008 ISSP survey.


In a relatively short amount of time, Thomas Piketty's Book, "Capital in The 21st Century", has generated a considerable amount of discussion in academic circles as well as in the general press. Like any research with public policy implication, this debate operates on three distinct levels. At the factual level, actors discuss the accuracy and relevance of the data presented. At the interpretative level, actors discuss the meaning of the facts in a broader context, the hypotheses, "laws", and predictions that those facts entail. At the normative level, actors discuss the policy recommendations that one ought to draw from these particular interpretations of those particular facts. In this quantitative study, I analyze discussions of Piketty's book at those different levels in relation to the social positions of the actors. Certain aspects of an academic's life course that relate to scientific prestige and social recognition are predictors of agreement or disagreement with Thomas Piketty at different levels of the debate. Agreement with Thomas Piketty is related to media presence, academic responsibilities and scholarly influence. Similarly to other heavily polarized and political issues in scientific research, top schools tend to produce more homogeneous conclusions. This paper explores those aspects, compares them to other fields and tries to make sense of the patterns uncovered.


Background: Pediatric tibial spine fractures (TSFs) are a well-known clinical entity, but the epidemiology of these injuries is not fully understood. Further, there are limited data on outcomes after TSF treatment, specifically the proportion of patients requiring subsequent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Purpose: To describe the distribution of TSF case burden by age and sex and to determine the proportion of patients undergoing subsequent ACL reconstruction or developing ACL insufficiency. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The Truven Health MarketScan database was queried to identify patients aged 7 to 18 years with TSFs between 2016 and 2018. Diagnosis and initial treatment (surgical vs nonoperative) were recorded based on database coding. Case burden by age and sex was calculated. The database, which includes longitudinal data, was then queried for subsequent diagnoses of ACL insufficiency as well as subsequent ACL reconstruction procedures performed among the patients. Results: We found 876 cases of TSF, 71.3% of which were treated nonoperatively. The male to female ratio for case burden was 2.2:1. Cases peaked at age 13 to 14 years for boys and age 11 to 12 years for girls. Of all cases identified, 3.7% also had either a diagnosis code for ACL laxity entered in a delayed fashion into the database or a later procedure code for ACL reconstruction (considered together to represent "subsequent ACL insufficiency"). Only 15 subsequent ACL reconstructions (1.7% of cases) were found, all of which were among boys and 9 of which were among boys aged 13 to 14 years. Conclusion: This longitudinal study is the largest epidemiological analysis of pediatric TSFs to date. We found low rates of subsequent ACL insufficiency and ACL reconstruction, with boys aged 13 to 14 years accounting for most of those cases. Rates of subsequent ACL reconstruction were lower than previously reported. Boys accounted for more than two times as many TSF cases as girls.


In this letter, the impact of crystallization method on the electrical characteristics of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) is investigated. Different crystallization methods may result in different amounts of interface traps (Nit) and bulk traps (NGB). TFETs crystallized with solid-phase crystallization (SPC) and metal-induced lateral crystallization (MILC) were fabricated and compared. In comparison with the SPC TFETs, the MILC TFETs exhibit ~4.5× higher ON-state current ION, subthreshold swing reduction ΔS.S. ~202 mV/decade, and larger ~7.2× ON/OFF current ratio. According to the measurement of a monitor poly-Si thin-film transistor, replacing SPC with MILC results in a reduced Nit ~ 0.60× and a reduced NGB ~ 0.36×, respectively. It can enhance the gate-to-tunnel junction controllability. Consequently, lowering trap density favors reducing power consumption of TFETs and provides a promising solution for future low-power driving circuits in portable electronics.


Case studies are presented of three HIV-infected patients, one heterosexual, one bisexual, and one homosexual, who continued to engage in unsafe sex. Western countries have seen an increase in unsafe sex practices since the early 1990s, raising the specter of a new wave of HIV infections. Increasing rates of sexually transmitted diseases are already being reported in case studies and by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Many gay men appear to share the fatalistic viewpoint that it is better to become HIV-positive rather than live in fear of the virus. The availability of antiretroviral therapies that appear to be effective at controlling the disease's progression further encourages this behavior. Patient education is increasingly critical under these circumstances. Issues to be brought up during educational encounters are the probability of reinfection with more virulent strains of the disease and increased risk for exposure to aggressive opportunistic pathogens such as cytomegalovirus. Patients should be made aware that they may be infectious even if their viral load is below the level of detection. Also, they need to be reminded of their responsibility not to knowingly infect another person with HIV.


The use of 4.75 mm nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) hot mix asphalt has recently become a more attractive alternative to highway engineers because these mixes have the potential to be used within a preventative maintenance program. The primary reason for this attractiveness is that these mixes can be placed in thin lifts. Because of the recent research and experiences in developing 4.75 mm NMAS Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mixes, a study was needed to further refine the design of 4.75 mm NMAS SMA mixes. Specifically, the fraction passing the 0.075 mm sieve and the currently specified draindown basket were evaluated. Based upon the test results and analyses, SMA mixes having a 4.75 mm NMAS can sometimes be successfully designed having gradations with aggregate fractions passing the 0.075 mm sieve less than the currently specified 12 percent. Gradations with aggregate fractions passing the 0.075 mm sieve of 9 percent can be utilized as long as all other requirements are met. Draindown tests conducted using a wire mesh basket with 2.36 mm openings produced test results with less draindown than tests conducted with a wire mesh basket having 6.3 mm openings. It was concluded that the difference in draindown results between the two basket types was related to the amount of mix that could fall through the different mesh size openings.


On 1 April 2022, Pope Francis made a historic apology to indigenous peoples in Canada for what he describedas "deplorable"abuses occurring in church run residential schools.1 This statement is one of multiple apologies recently offered by world leaders for colonial injustices and abuses of indigenous people.2 -4 For many, these apologies represent landmark events. However, as indigenous health scientists who bear witness to the real life impacts of colonisation on indigenous health today, we cannot help but raise the question: "How do these apologies get translated into tangible changes that reduce indigenous/non-indigenoushealth inequities?"While we do not presume to hold all the answers, we are certain of two things. Firstly, while indigenous leadership and direction is essential, the hard work of change needs to be shared by all who have benefitted from colonisation. Secondly, current inaction appears to be rooted in so called know-do gaps—meaning therearegapsbetweenwhatweknow and what we do in policy and practice. In this instance, clear policy directions come from indigenous leadership globally and a growing evidence base that could inform action, yet indigenous/non-indigenoushealth inequities persist, and in many cases are getting worse. Building on these premises, we have three cross-cutting recommendations for non-indigenous decision makers, administrators, and practitioners of health and social system policy, on how to translate white and/or settler privilege into tangible change.


The NAP and MP relation image changes were matched in physical dissimilarities by pixel energy and the Gabor-jet model (Lades et al, 1993), with MP image changes always equal to or greater than NAP changes. Behavioral studies and single cell recordings in monkey IT cortex have documented greater sensitivity to differences in viewpoint invariant or nonaccidental properties (e.g., straight vs. curved), than metric properties (e.g., degree of curvature) of simple shapes.


By the introduction of the history,characteristics,displaying ways and the technology of silk handdrawing,the paper tells about the beauty of silk hand drawing.


Metaphor is one of figurative languages that is not only used in daily life but also in literary works such as poem. Therefore, the researcher is interested in discussing the mentioned topic with the objective of the research:1) to find out what types of metaphor, 2) what are the meanings of those metaphors in Emily Dickinson's poems. The theories used in this research by Lakoff and Jhonson. Based on the theory, the metaphors are divided into three types; there are a structural metaphor, ontological metaphor, and orientational metaphor. Meanwhile, the object of this research is Emily Dickinson's Poems. The method used in this research is Literary Criticism method.
The results of the research shows that elements of metaphors are (37 data): There are (9 data) contains structural metaphor, (24 data) that contains ontological metaphor, and (4 data) that contains orientational metaphor. Meanwhile, the second problem about the meaning in Emily Dickinson's poems are shows that condition of life, love, sadness, and death. Therefore, the meanings of each poem are various, every word is transferred from abstract to concrete meaning and each poem refers to a certain object of target and source.
It can be concluded of the research in Emily Dickinson's poems is known that all data is presented in the form of which shows the existence of a metaphor that clearly conveyed by the author.


By the addition reaction of acrylonitrile to hydridobis (dimethyl- or diphenylglyoximato)-pyridinecobalt, only 1-cyanoethyl complexes were obtained. The 2-cyanoethyl complex was not formed from that reaction, but from the reaction of 3-bromopropionitrile with the hydride complex. NMR spectroscopy was used to confirm the structure of the complexes. The isomerization of the 2-cyanoethyl complex to the 1-cyanoethyl complex at 70°C was not observed by NMR measurements. The reaction of these complexes with acrylonitrile was carried out under a hydrogen atmosphere. It was observed that 2-methylglutaronitrile was formed from the reaction of the 1-cyanoethyl complex with acrylonitrile. The thermal decomposition and the reaction of the complexes with hydrochloric acid were also investigated.


Electric arc furnaces (EAFs) produce voltage fluctuations and flicker because of the reactive power severe variations. Furthermore, these loads absorb a large amount of reactive power. The static VAr compensators (SVCs) have been widely used by the industrial customers with arc furnaces to compensate the reactive power due to the quick response of the power electronic devices. In this paper, reactive power compensation in the steel industrial plant with several EAFs by utilizing open-loop controlled thyristor controlled reactor/fixed capacitor (TCR/FC) compensator is performed. The TCR/FC compensator is usually applied in conventional steel making plants; one is in Mobarakeh/ Isfahan, Iran which is considered as the case study in this paper. Simulation results show that, although open-loop controlled TCR/FC is effective for compensating reactive power, it cannot efficiently compensate the fluctuations of the reactive power and reduce the flicker intensity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The present study investigated the effects of different degrees of subjects' experience on competency to make decisions in mental health settings. The study was guided in part by recent theories of cognitive development (Byrens, 1988; Slegler, 1981) explaining age differences In cognitive ability in terms of domain specificity and acquisition of expertise and, In part, by Weithom and Aber's study (1988) comparing competency of children and adolescents to that of adults In actual/hypothetical situations across patient and nonpatient groups. The first hypothesis of a positive relationships competency scores was not supported. However, the second hypothesis of higher competency scores for the subjects having experiences relevant to


To promote deeply the moral education in the social practice of the university students,it needs both a profound understanding of the importance of moral education in social practice of the university students and the correct moral guidance of the moral education in the social practice of the university students.Only in the guidance of the right direction,moral education in the social practice of the university students can play its important role and get a healthy development.


The Internet consists of thousands of independent domains with different, and sometimes competing, business interests. However, the current interdomain routing protocol (BGP) limits each router to using a single route for each destination prefix, which may not satisfy the diverse requirements of end users. The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the protocol for the interconnectivity of the Internet. the security issues that surround interdomain routing. Thus, it is required to provide a highly secure protocol to keep the normal operation of the Internet. Although the Internet's routing system has serious security vulnerabilities, none of the existing proposals for a secure variant of BGP has been successfully deployed in practice. This paper explains data forwarding process in interdomain routing.


Abstract This article analyses five different representations of the homeland category "Bengal". The region of Bengal was partitioned twice in the twentieth century and imagined in a multitude of forms at different historical moments. The article describes the conditions that allowed different territories and peoples to crystallise as "Bengal" and "the Bengalis", and investigates why some versions of the Bengali homeland proved durable as others faded away. Rather than asking who is the real Bengali and where is the real Bengal, it investigates how particular identity categories become popularly practised and why particular images of the homeland come to be perceived as true, legitimate and authentic. It concludes that homeland categories are never fixed and finalised, but are rather always in a process of becoming, and are contested, reimagined and redefined as socio-political contexts change.


Researchersinareassuchastranslationandsummarizationneedtocomparetheirresultstoawiderangeofpublishedbaselinesthatcommonlyusedifferentevaluationmethods.WeaimtoenableaneasycomparisonbypresentingTextGen-Benchmarch,anopen-sourcedtool 1 for streamlining the generation and evaluation of text. Text generation methods and evaluation metrics can easily be added to TextGen-Benchmarch, and its pipeline results in a more efficient comparison between methods as users can supply corpora, systems, and evaluation techniques and receive comparison reports in easy to analyze tabular and graphic formats.


Abstract Although anomia in transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA) is usually described as a semantically based deficit (naming and recognition are equally affected), dissociations in naming performance have occasionally been reported. We report a two-part study: in Study 1 the pattern of preserved and impaired language abilities was examined in five patients with TSA and intact object naming; in Study 2 the neural mechanism(s) underlying preserved visual confrontation naming in TSA was examined. Demographic factors, severity of language deficits, lesion volume and location, and cerebral asymmetries of patients with TSA and intact naming (TSA-intact) (n = 6) were compared with those of patients with TSA and impaired naming (TSA-impaired) (n = 6), anomic aphasia (Anomia) (n = 6), and left hemisphere damage without aphasia (Control). The results of Study 1 revealed that all five patients had a relative preservation of oral production (spontaneous speech, repetition, naming and reading aloud), but impaired audi...


We propose a dual decomposition and linear program relaxation of the NP-hard minimum cost multicut problem. Unlike other polyhedral relaxations of the multicut polytope, it is amenable to efficient optimization by message passing. Like other polyhedral relaxations, it can be tightened efficiently by cutting planes. We define an algorithm that alternates between message passing and efficient separation of cycle-and odd-wheel inequalities. This algorithm is more efficient than state-of-the-art algorithms based on linear programming, including algorithms written in the framework of leading commercial software, as we show in experiments with large instances of the problem from applications in computer vision, biomedical image analysis and data mining.


Objective To study the causes and solution of location mistake in lumbar discectomy. Methods Twenty-one cases of location mistake in lumbar discectomy were analysed retrospectively. Their preoperative diagnosis and preparation, operational procedure were studied. Results There were multiple styles and causes in twenty-one cases of lever mistake.Among them, left lateral was mistaken as right in one case; L3,4 as L4,5 in 9 cases; L4,5 as L5S1 in 6 cases; L5S1 as L4,5 in 3 cases; S1S2 as LaS1 in 2 cases. Conclusion It is effective to decrease operational mistake by sufficient preoperative diagnosis and preparation, careful operation and abundant clinical experience.


The effects of wave-current interactions on shelf ocean forecasts is investigated in the framework of the MF- STEP (Mediterranean Forecasting System Project Towards Enviromental Predictions) project. A one way sequential coupling approach is adopted to link the wave model (WAM) to the circulation model (SYMPHONIE). The coupling of waves and currents has been done considering four main pro- cesses: wave refraction due to currents, surface wind drag and bottom drag modifications due to waves, and the wave induced mass flux. The coupled modelling system is imple- mented in the southern Catalan shelf (NW Mediterranean), a region with characteristics similar to most of the Mediter- ranean shelves. The sensitivity experiments are run in a typ- ical operational configuration. The wave refraction by cur- rents seems to be not very relevant in a microtidal context such as the western Mediterranean. The main effect of waves on current forecasts is through the modification of the wind drag. The Stokes drift also plays a significant role due to its spatial and temporal characteristics. Finally, the enhanced bottom friction is just noticeable in the inner shelf. Following this line, the Mediterranean Forecasting Sys- tem project (MFS - http://www.bo.ingv.it/mfstep, Pinardi et al., 2003) was launched with the goal of providing reliable forecasts of the ocean state at different scales (basin, sub- basin and shelf regions). The followed strategy has been the classical approach where a hierarchy of models at different resolutions are nested. At the top of the chain there is the large scale (basin) model which assimilates real data in order not to diverge from reality. This model provides the initial and open boundary conditions to the regional models (sub- basin) which cover a smaller domain with higher resolution ( 3 km). In the final step, these models also provide infor- mation to local models (shelf regions) able to resolve spatial


Discusses why computer‐integrated manufacturing (CIM) is an important subject area that should be incorporated in technology‐focused coursework at the collegiate level. Presents an innovative and successfully implemented strategy for utilizing a CIM lab workstation in teaching a CIM course and provides a description of the workstation. Examines concept coverage and the pedagogical resources needed to support a CIM course. In this CIM course, several functional areas of business are integrated through hands‐on, real‐world projects. Discusses the numerous benefits of this interdisciplinary approach to student learning.


In the industrial setting characterized by short run processes, adaptive Bayesian control charts have been demonstrated to be an efficient means to perform the on-line process monitoring. Up to now, Bayesian charts have been implemented on manufacturing processes to monitor attribute variables and the sample mean. In this paper the Bayesian approach is extended to the control of the process data dispersion: several adaptive schemes of one-sided Bayesian charts monitoring the sample variance S2 have been designed. The design of each Bayesian S2 chart is performed to achieve an economic goal: the minimization of the total quality cost incurred during the production run. The quality economic performance of the Bayesian S2 charts is compared with that of a static Shewhart S2 chart and two other strategies which do not require sampling from the process. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis has been carried out to investigate the positive effects on costs deriving from the adoption of the different adaptive policies. Finally, some practical guidelines are suggested to help decision makers to select the best performing strategy to be employed within their own industrial environment.


The fundamental premise of the connected vehicle initiative is that enabling wireless connectivity among vehicles, the infrastructure, and mobile devices will bring about transformative changes in safety, mobility, and the environmental impacts in the transportation system. Key federal policy decisions relating to connected vehicle safety needs are currently moving forward. In particular, the work of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to consider a rulemaking for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications in light vehicles has received significant national attention. While the future actions of NHTSA and the state and local transportation agencies are independent, and the NHTSA decision will not require agencies to deploy any connected vehicle infrastructure, it is important for the state and local agencies to understand what this action will mean to them, what they need to know to prepare for an emerging connected vehicle environment, and what investments may need to be made to leverage a nationwide fleet of equipped vehicles in support of their own policy and operational objectives. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), with the support of United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) and Transport Canada, has undertaken a Connected Vehicle Field Infrastructure Footprint Analysis to provide supporting information to agency decision-makers. AASHTO's work in this analysis has been performed through its Connected Vehicle Deployment Coalition, a group comprising representatives from a number of state and local transportation agencies, and the findings and recommendations in this report represent the opinions of this AASHTO community. In addition, the development of connected vehicle deployment scenarios engaged a broader group of state and local agency participants. This Final Report consists of a vision for a national footprint; a description of the background for and current research on connected vehicle deployments; a set of assumptions underlying the infrastructure footprint analysis; the applications analysis; the deployment concepts, the preliminary national footprint, including the value proposition, deployment objectives, context, scenarios, and experience to date; and a preliminary deployment and operations cost estimation.


CuPc:C60 organic-nanocarbon composite coated metals (Au, Ag, and ITO) are found to form efficient hole injection anode structures for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). A significant increase (∼ two times ) in current efficiency has been observed in OLEDs when the nanocomposite anode structures are used to replace the conventional CuPc/indium tin oxide hole injection structure. Moreover, the composite anode structures enable the use of simple metal electrodes for efficient and stable OLEDs. The composite provides, through a controlled variation in the C60 concentration, a flexible material platform in regulating the hole injection and transport through the various layers in an OLED.


Large nonlinear phase shifts were generated with femtosecond pulses at 1560 nm through cascaded quadratic interactions in periodically poled MgO-doped LiNbO3. The off-diagonal component of the nonlinear coefficient was utilized for simultaneous quasi phase matching and group-velocity matching. The effective nonlinear refractive index was varied from -2.9 x 10(-14) to +3.3 x 10(-14) cm2/W by tuning the phase-mismatch conditions.


In Mexican cinema, the image of the mother has dominated the national discourse through the creation of myths and female archetypes connected with the universal Madonna-Whore dichotomy. These archetypes have proliferated in Mexican culture and are rooted on the Guadalupe (1)-Malinche (2) paradigm, continually reconfigured since the nineteenth century and reshaped during every national project. Various representations of this alternative set of "good mother"-"bad mother" archetypes are found in different expressions through popular culture, especially after the Mexican Revolution of 1910. But even before, romantic literature dealing with the Guadalupe-Malinche binary, such as Jose Olmedo y Lama's essay "Malintzin" (1874) as well as the first novel dealing with the Malinche myth: Dona Marina (1883), written by Irineo Paz, offer examples of cultural representations that compete for the hearts and minds of a selected group of educated male Catholic Mexican readers, mostly white Creole, and a few privileged "Mestizos." With the establishment of the young film industry, the national mother dichotomy of Guadalupe-Malinche began to reach a wider audience within the first decades of the twentieth century. Some novels such as Federico Gamboa's Santa (1903) and the Venezuelan Romulo Gallegos' Dona Barbara (1929) explore the possibility of a potential reconfiguration of binary oppositions regarding the role of women and mothers by inserting the creation of new female identities, such as the "redeemed-through-death-whore" in Santa and the "Devourer mother" in Dona Barbara. These female prototypes got to the big screen and became very popular in Mexico in the 1930s and 1940s while galvanizing the original Guadalupe-Malinche opposition. Another enormous cultural influence during the first part of the twentieth century derives from the long tradition of the "novel of the Mexican Revolution," (1910-1917) usually dominated by male authors. Thus, Matilde Landeta's unpublished screenplay (Landeta 1949), (3) and her resulting film adaptation (1949) of Francisco Rojas Gonzalez's novel La negra Angustias [Black Angustias] (Rojas Gonzalez 1944), are rare exceptions as texts written by women, that deal with the revolution, and which portray an Afro-Mexican "soldadera" (woman soldier) mother. This essay examines the representation of motherhood on the battlefield by comparing the three versions of Angustias's story: Rojas Gonzalez's novel, Landeta's screenplay adaptation, and also the film directed by Landeta. Although Landeta generally follows the story traced by the original source, the screenplay adaptation and the film proper display significant adaptation differences that beg further analysis. The idea of the Mexican mother as a self-denying, unselfish woman, who always puts her children's and husband's interests before hers, has historically served as an object of consumption in the cinema industry. Julia Tunon observes that, customarily, the good mother in Mexican film should preferably be a long-suffering woman who endures all kids of torments, pains, and misfortunes, frequently dying in the process (Tunon 1998: 73). In this respect, Landeta's adapted screenplay is an exception to the preferred melodramatic formula of the self-sacrificing mother, the image that was successfully sold in Mexican popular culture for decades, especially during the golden age of Mexican film. (4) The concept of motherhood has traditionally functioned as a common cultural tool to keep intact established gender roles within the traditional masculine oriented power structure of Mexican society. In addition to exploring the notion of the combatant mother in film, I also address the concept of "mestizaje," since these two elements have historically been closely related to the idea of national identity. Coined during the colonial period, "mestizaje" stems from the term "mestizo (5)" included in the system of castes. "Mestizaje" comprises the process through which that blood mixing takes place. …


The collapsing reasons of cave dwelling of loess hills in Northern of Shaanxi are researched. On the basis of field investigation of cave dwelling of loess hills, it is found that the unstability of the back wall of cave dwelling is the most important reason of collapsing, put forward that the altitude and slope of soil precipice should be limited to some extent, and 12 meter high of cave dwelling is suitable and safe, and also puts forward some constructive suggestions such as stable forms and soil precipices of cave dwelling of loess hills in Northern of Shaanxi.


A concise characteristic of various approaches to limiting the contamination of water basins in Russia and abroad by discharges from thermal power stations is presented. The thermal power stations of OAO Mosenergo that make use of the water mainly of the Moskva River for water supply is the example by which the problem is considered in detail. The specific operating conditions of these thermal power stations caused by discharges into the Moskva River from industrial plants are identified; these conditions influence the level of salt flows from the thermal power stations themselves. A brief analysis of ways for improving the water treatment systems of the electric power stations for limiting contamination of the sources of water by the waste waters from thermal power stations is presented.


Objective To explore the correlation factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) for providing guidance of improving the quality of life.Methods The clinical and pathologic data of 194 patients who underwent LC due to benign gallbladder disease from June 2011 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients who suffer from postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV) after LC moderately and severely were divided into PONV groups,the patients who have no PONV or mild after LC were divided into control groups.Ten potential pathological factors for PONV after LC were statistically analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis.Results 87 cases of patients(44.8%)occurred PONV.Univariate analysis showed that the differences of gender,body mass index,rider vertigo history,intraoperative indwelling nasogastric decompression tube,intraoperative pneumoperitoneum pressure and Anesthesia waking time between two groups had statistical difference(P 0.05).Multivariate analysis indicated that gender,body mass index,rider vertigo history,intraoperative indwelling nasogastric decompression tube and intraoperative pneumoperitoneum pressure were statistically significant factors for PONV after LC(P 0.05).Conclusions The PONV after LC depends on various kinds of factors together.The independent risk factors influencing PONV after LC include female sex,body mass index≥25%kg/m~2,rider vertigo history and intraoperative pneumoperitoneum pressure≥14 mmHg.Intraoperative indwelling nasogastric decompression tube is a protective factor.


Change in the air The 2016 Paris Agreement set the ambitious goals of keeping global temperature rise this century below 2°C, or even better, 1.5°C above preindustrial levels. Substantial interventions are required to meet these goals, particularly for industrialized countries. Duan et al. projected that China will need to reduce its carbon emissions by more than 90% and its energy consumption by almost 40% to do its share in reaching the 1.5°C target. Negative emission technology is an essential element of any plan. China's accumulated economic costs by 2050 may be about 3 to 6% of its gross domestic product. Science, this issue p. 378 Limiting the increase in global mean temperature to 1.5°C will require China to transform its emission and decarbonization pathways. Given the increasing interest in keeping global warming below 1.5°C, a key question is what this would mean for China's emission pathway, energy restructuring, and decarbonization. By conducting a multimodel study, we find that the 1.5°C-consistent goal would require China to reduce its carbon emissions and energy consumption by more than 90 and 39%, respectively, compared with the "no policy" case. Negative emission technologies play an important role in achieving near-zero emissions, with captured carbon accounting on average for 20% of the total reductions in 2050. Our multimodel comparisons reveal large differences in necessary emission reductions across sectors, whereas what is consistent is that the power sector is required to achieve full decarbonization by 2050. The cross-model averages indicate that China's accumulated policy costs may amount to 2.8 to 5.7% of its gross domestic product by 2050, given the 1.5°C warming limit.


The α 1β 1 and α 2β 1 integrins belong to a family of cell-surface molecules involved in structural contacts and signal-transduction events across the cell membrane. Employing two-dimensional substrates coated with fluorescently labeled type I collagen, we have discovered a novel subcellular matrix remodeling event that is particular to cells that express the fibrillar collagen receptor α 2β 1. Cells expressing α 1β 1 also perform this collagen organization process, but less proficiently. This work will provide a basis for subsequent studies of cell-mediated collagen fibril assembly.


The nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws of the transient flow of the media in gas pipeline are hard to be solved,so,the control conservation laws are constituted of mass,momentum and energy conservation laws,TVD/Godunov hydrid algorithm is used to simulate the transient flow in gas pipeline,and the traditional splitting approach processing nonlinear convection in momentum equation is dismissed,the convection term is directly processed,in the way,the stablization of the algorithm and emulating accuracy of the transient flow are greatly improved.The time splitting approach is used in the algorithm to describe not completely blocked pipeline,the computing result of ideal accuracy is obtained.


A description is given of an instrument based on the well-known principle of measuring fibre diameter by means of air-flow. It differs from existing commercial instruments employing this principle in that it uses an alternating flow of air through the sample under test. Since there is no net flow of air, there is little change in the regain of the sample, which eliminates the need for spending time in conditioning the sample, and a further advantage is that an electrical output is available that has not the hysteresis or expense associated with static pressure transducers.


Methylation is a widely distributed modification found in a variety of substrates involved in different steps of eukaryotic protein translation. Methylation reactions are catalyzed by enzymes called methyltransferases (MTases) generally using S-adenosyl-L- methionine (SAM or AdoMet) as the methyl donor. The effects of methylation on translation are perfectly illustrated by the Trm112 protein, which is an activating platform, essential for the function of four SAM-dependent MTases (Trm9, Trm11, Bud23 and Mtq2) modifying factors participated in protein synthesis. The Trm9-Trm112 and Trm11-Trm112 complexes methylate some tRNAs to form mcm5U34 and m2G10 respectively. The Bud23-Trm112 complex modifies 18S rRNA to form m7G1715 while the Mtq2-Trm112 complex methylates class I translation termination factor eRF1 at glutamine side chain of GGQ motif. Until now, the study of Trm112 network in eukaryotes has been quite clear structurally and functionally, however, little is known for corresponding proteins in Archaea.My PhD project aims to characterize the Trm112 network in archaea using Haloferax volcanii as a model organism and to decipher the mechanisms of substrate modification by Trm112-MTase complexes. This will help understanding the roles of these enzymes in protein synthesis from an evolutionary point of view.Towards this goal, I have generated several H. volcanii strains (Δtrm112, Δtrm112 Trm112-Flag, …). Co-immunoprecipitation of Trm112-Flag coupled to mass spectrometry allowed me identifying a significant number of methyltransferases (MTases), including putative orthologues of eukaryotic Trm112 partners, as potential interactors. I have next validated these new partners by biochemical approaches (co-purification, enzymatic assays, …) and determined the crystal structure for one Trm112-MTase complex. I have then convincing evidences that H. volcanii Trm12 has more MTase partners than the eukaryotic one. My work opens new routes towards the characterization of the role of Trm112 in archaea but has also led to the identification of a new MTase partner of the eukaryotic Trm112.


Nearly all adults with Down syndrome (DS) will develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain pathology by their 40s, and most will become demented by age 50‐60. The inheritance of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) ε4 allele (APOE4) is the strongest risk factor for AD other than age, whereas the ε3 allele (APOE3) does not change AD risk. ApoE is a cholesterol carrier protein, and APOE4‐positive astrocytes have been demonstrated to exhibit impaired cholesterol transport. ApoE4 has also been shown to catalyze amyloid‐beta (Aβ) polymerization. As such, the APOE4 genotype is associated with earlier and more rapid cognitive decline in individuals with DS. Understanding the molecular changes in AD neuropathology resulting from APOE4 in DS would aid in the development of therapies to alleviate dementia risk, especially in individuals with DS.


Abstract In this paper a novel three-dimensional chaotic system is introduced briefly. A new sliding mode controller is proposed to stabilize the state variables of the new chaotic system in the presence of system's uncertainty. High frequency switching caused by unsmooth control effort is removed by substituting the sign function with a smooth sign-like function. Numerical simulations based on MATLAB software are used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed free chattering sliding mode controller for the new chaotic system.


Objective To analyze the clinical treatment of oral and maxillofacial pain and methods,so as to improve their quality of life,and enhance the curative effect.Methods Collecting 120 cases of oral and maxillofacial pain patients,the clinical data of different intensity of anti-infection,incision and drainage and nutritional support treatment,clinical symptoms improved after treatment,the laboratory results and analysis of healing.Results For oral and maxillofacial region with tooth ache causes,the most common source was sex gland origin,iatrogenic traumatic was secondly,The most commonly infected site infection was under the jaw infection between the inferior.After treatment,120 patients were recovered.Conclusion To infected patients of oral and maxillofacial region clearance,it is important to adopt positive anti-infection combined with surgical incision and drainage.


Mn2V1−xCoxZ (Z  =  Ga,Al and x  =  0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) Heusler alloys have been synthesized to investigate the effect of Co substitution at the V site on the magnetic moment and Curie temperature of half-metallic ferrimagnets Mn2VGa and Mn2VAl. Near total magnetic moment compensation was achieved with high Curie temperature for x  =  0.5 composition. The Co substituted alloys show a non linear decrease in lattice parameter without altering the crystal structure of the parent alloys. The end members Mn2VGa and Mn2CoGa have the saturation magnetization of 1.80 µB/f.u. and 2.05 µB/f.u. respectively whereas for the Mn2V0.5Co0.5Ga alloy, a near total magnetic moment compensation (0.10 µB/f.u.) was observed due to the ferrimagnetic coupling of Mn with parallelly aligned V and Co. The Co substituted Mn2VAl has also shown a similar trend with compensated magnetic moment value of 0.06 µB/f.u. for x  =  0.5. The Curie temperatures of the alloys including the x  =  0.5 composition are well above the room temperature (more than 650 K) which is in sharp contrast to the earlier reported values of 171 K for the (MnCo)VGa and 105 K for the (MnCo)VAl (substitution at the Mn site). The observed TC values are highest among the Mn2V based fully compensated ferrimagnets. The magnetic moment compensation without significant reduction in TC indicates that the V site substitution of Co does not weaken the magnetic interaction in Mn2VZ (Z  =  Ga,Al) alloys which is contrary to the earlier experimental reports on Mn site substitution.


In 1976 the Control Systems Society named three distinguished control systems specialists as Consulting Editors. One of the charges to these men was to submit an invited paper on a topic of their choice for publication without the usual IDC review procedures. At the same time Professor A.G.J. MacFarlane, Professor of Control Engineering at Cambridge University, was invited by the IDC to prepare an IEEE Press reprint book of important papers on frequency-domain methods in control and systems engineering. The coincidence of these two decisions has led to the following paper. "The Development of Frequency-Response Methods in Automatic Control" is one part of the IEEE Press book, Frequency-Response Methodr in Control Systems, edited by A.G.J. MacFarlane and sponsored by the Control Systems Society. The book will appear in mid-1979. The paper has been selected by Consulting Editor Nathaniel Nichols and should be of substantial interest to TRANSACTIONS readers. It also conveys some of the spirit and content of the book which may be purchased from IEEE Press when available.


Abstract Introduction: Due to their immunostimulatory properties TLR ligands are used prophylactically to protect against a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens in mammals. Knowledge of the molecular and functional aspects of TLRs is essential for a better understanding of the immune system and resistance to diseases in birds. For that reason, this study attempted to determine the impact of TLR21 stimulation by its synthetic ligand (CpG ODN, class B) on the chicken immune system. Material and Methods: Sixty embryonated chicken eggs were randomly allocated into three groups (control and two experimental groups). On day 18 of embryonic development, chickens in one experimental group were administered in ovo a low dose of CpG ODN and the birds of the second experimental group were given a high dose of the ligand. Spleens were collected at 1, 2, 5, and 10 days post-hatching (dph) for analysis of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 expression using qRT-PCR. Results: Significant differences were observed in mRNA expression levels of all the measured cytokines associated with the modulation and regulation of the immune response at different time points. Conclusion: The obtained data clearly demonstrate that immune response induction takes place after in ovo administration of class B CpG ODN, and that the ligand has the ability to induce cytokine responses in neonatal chicken spleen.


Online faculty need to engage the student. Online course work is now an integral element of mainstream higher education. Online courses often lack face-to-face interaction, peer interaction, faculty feedback and the lack of community. Engagement of the learner is essential for learning and promoting student satisfaction. There are online teaching strategies that could enhance a student's perception of engagement. This manuscript was completed by a literature review process.


The line between marine and general insurance has always been blurry, not the least because of the "elliptical and circular"1 definitions of the elements of marine insurance contained in the Marine Insurance Act 1906 (UK) ("the UK Act")…