This research is aimed at determining the attitudes with regard to advertising from the perspective of generational cohorts in Sarawak. A two-phase of study was conducted to firstly identify generational cohorts in the state and, secondly, to investigate the attitude of each cohort to advertising. Utilizing theories of generations, a qualitative approach by means of personal interviews was used at the outset to identify external events which bring about the formation of cohorts. Accordingly, 48 interviews were conducted and data were content-analyzed. The findings were then incorporated into the second phase of study to investigate cohorts' views about advertising, using theory of reasoned action. A quantitative approach via questionnaire-based survey was administered, and 1,410 copies were collected for analysis. Five distinct cohorts are proposed in the initial findings. They are labeled as Neoteric Inheritors, Prospective Pursuers, Social Strivers, Idealistic Strugglers and Battling Lifers on the basis of their respective engagement with events during the coming-of-age years. The subsequent findings show that beliefs about advertising are significant predictors of the attitudes to advertising, and so are the attitudes with regard to the intention of every cohort. However, their beliefs and attitudes to advertising are found to differ significantly, especially in the older cohort. The study thus highlights the implication of generational differences on the attitudes to advertising.


A three-dimensional Monte Carlo model of the uniform relativistic runaway electron breakdown in air in the presence of static electric and magnetic fields is developed and used to calculate electron distribution functions, avalanche rates and the direction and velocity of avalanche propagation. We also derive the conditions required for an electron with a given momentum to start an avalanche in the absence of a magnetic field. The results are compared to previously developed kinetic and analytical models and our own analytical estimates, leading to the conclusion that the avalanche rates used in many early models are overestimated by a factor of ∼10. The Monte Carlo simulation results are used in a fluid model of a runaway electron beam in the middle atmosphere accelerated by quasi-electrostatic fields following a positive lightning stroke. We consider the case of lightning discharges which drain positive charge from remote regions of a laterally extensive (>100 km) thundercloud, using a cartesian (translationally symmetric in a horizontal direction) two-dimensional model. Unlike the cylindrically-symmetric model, this model can be applied to a case of a geomagnetic field with arbitrary direction. In particular, we consider the case of a thunderstorm located at ∼45◦ geomagnetic latitude. We also consider a cylindrically symmetric model with a vertical axis of symmetry, constrained to a vertical geomagnetic field.


The response of a host animal to primary viral infection is complex, and the factors essential for recovery from the infection are difficult to define. Immune responses, both cell-mediated and hulnoral, interferon production, pyrexia, and local changes in acidity and oxygen tension in infected tissues have all been ascribed possible roles in recovery (1). The importance of any single mechanism probably varies in diseases of different pathogenesis or at particular times during the course of infection, and there will sometimes be interaction and synergism between individual factors. Since neutralizing antibodies and interferon have well documented modes of antiviral activity, they could logically be assigned rather more importance than cell-mediated immunity, which has no clearly demonstrated antiviral mechanism. However, an increasing body of evidence derived from the study of human infants with primary immunological deficiency diseases points to a very important, perhaps even essential role for a thymus-dependent, cellmediated immune response in recovery from vaccinia virus infection (2). Experimental evidence concerning this area of host-virus relations is meager, but recently Hirsch et al. (3) showed that heterologous anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) 1 caused significantly increased mortality and morbidity from intravenous vaccinia infection in mice. They postulated that this was due to suppression of cell-mediated immunity; however no direct evidence was produced to show that the cell-mediated immune response to vaccinia virus was suppressed by ATS. This was assumed on the basis of an immunosuppressive potency test usiag lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (4). Previously, Allison and Friedman (5, 6) had produced sound evidence that the regression of primary tumours caused by fibroma virus in rabbits was dependent upon cell-mediated immunity. However, this and other work con-


Summary Red blood cell glutathione reductase and whole blood total (oxidized and reduced) glutathione were assayed in cystic fibrosis subjects and non-cystic fibrosis controls. Glutathione reductase activity and total glutathione levels were greater in the cystic fibrosis sample. These findings are consistent with previous data reporting increased pentose phosphate pathway activity and decreased NADPH/NADP ratios in cystic fibrosis erythrocytes. They support the notion that pentose phosphate pathway alterations occur in cystic fibrosis. These data may indicate also the possible role of sulfhydryl group changes in membrane transport abnormalities of the disease.


The relationship between learning (styles and learning strategies) by sex is studied, in a sample of students admitted to university aged 17-21. The theories and concepts related to measurements are explained. Results have educational implications, and reveal differences by sex in relation to how the processes and transformation of the information. Keywords: Learning styles, learning strategies, college students.


Introduction: Aseptic loosening due to periprosthetic osteolysis is the main cause of implant failure after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Some previous studies have suggested a link between pattern of pre-operative osteoarthritis (OA) and subsequent aseptic loosening. Specifically, atrophic OA may predict implant loosening 1 , 2 however this remains controversial. 3 Methods: We retrospectively assessed the survival of 301 cemented THAs inserted for idiopathic osteoarthritis to determine whether pre-operative patterns of osteoarthritis predict subsequent risk of osteolysis. There were 204 control subjects and 97 subjects with osteolysis. The mean age of patients at insertion of primary implant was 63.4 years and lysis free survival or follow up was 10.6 years. The osteoblastic response in OA was assessed using Bombelli's classification. The American College of Rheumatology criteria for radiographic evidence of OA was used to assess the pattern of OA prior to primary THA Results: Atrophic OA was not a risk factor for osteolysis. Atrophic OA in osteolysis group was 16% versus 14% in the control group (χ 2 test p>0.05). There was no association between osteolysis and joint space narrowing, femoral or pelvic osteophytes, femoral or pelvic sclerosis, femoral or pelvic cysts and femoral head collapse (χ 2 test p>0.05 all comparisons). Conclusion: The morphological pattern of OA does not predict osteolysis after THA


Nuclear emulsion technique has been employed to determine thc energy levels in F/sup 19/ with the help of an incident proton beam of 9.5-Mev energy from the Birmingham cyclotron. Energy levels in F/sup 19/ have been obtained at 1.36 plus or minus 4.57 plus or minus 0.02, 4.76 plus or minus 0.05, 5.27 plus or minus 0.02, 5.53 plus or minus 0.03 and 6.07 plu00.02 Mev. In addition, possible levels at 4.95 plus or minus 0.02 and 6.50 plus or minus 0.09 Mev have been detected. (auth)


Introduction Part 1: The Many Voices of Islam: Cultivating Intellectual Pluralism 1. Reflections on Current Developments in Debates on Islam, Feminism and Sexuality 2. The Many Voices of Islam: Cultivating Intellectual Pluralism 3. Religion and Changing Solidarity: A Sociological Perspective on Islam Part 2: Applied Ethics of Political Participation 4. When Silence is not Golden: Muslim Women Speak Out 5. The Contemporary Democracy and the Human Rights Project for Muslim Societies: Challenges for the Progressive Muslim Intellectual 6. A'dab in Modern Turkish Islam 7. Public Religion, Ethics of Participation and Cultural Dialogue: Islam in Europe 8. Sociology of Rights: Human Rights in Islam between Communal and Universal Perspectives Part 3: Applied Ethics of Peace and Nonviolence in Islam 9. Framework for Nonviolence and Peacebuilding in Islam 10. The Missing Logic in Discourses of Violence and Peace in Islam 11. Transforming Terrorism with Muslim Nonviolent Alternatives Part 4: Coexistence and Reconciliation: An Enduring Responsibility of the Muslim Ummah 12. Coexistence and Reconciliation within the Limits of Western Historical Boundaries 13. Pluralism, Coexistence and Religious Harmony in Southeast Asia: Indonesian Experience in the Middle Path 14. Reviving Islamic Universalism: Easts, Wests and Coexistence


vague, and somewhat elusive call to arms. For example, he speaks of Islam as "a social set up that takes the necessary action to liberate mankind" leaving open what is exactly meant by "necessary action." Is he referring to elections, pamphleteering, persuasion, or to more violent activities.|.|.|. (p. 5). The passage does not need elaboration. But why attribute to Qutb a "call to arms" when Bergesen himself acknowledges what Qutb means by "necessary action" is not clear. There may well be a "call to arms" in Qutb's writings but Mr. Bergesen's description of them points to other possibilities. An intriguing point made and discussed in the introductory chapters is the influence of Protestant Reformation on Islamic Fundamentalism. Another engaging idea is connecting Qutb's fundamentalist interpretation of Islam to American constructionists who favor a literal or fundamental interpretation of the American Constitution. Interestingly, the moral fury of American conservatives over purported departures from the initial eighteenth-century constitutional blueprints concerning the separation of powers is analogous to Qutb's strong desire to enforce a strict constructionist interpretation of the seventh-century Muslim amalgam of powers (p. 12). This partial anthology of Qutb's writings is an indispensable reference for any scholar of fundamentalism and its relation to militancy and how the latter could be theorized and rationalized through the sacred. The moderately informed reader, however, may find some of Professor Bergesen's remarks somewhat dispiriting at times. For example, Bergesen contends that one of "three civilizational traditions .|.|. relevant to a fuller understanding of the concept of jihad," is the "pre-Islamic traditions of Northern Arabia," and what is described as "the rules of the game" (p. 11) in that era. In the very same paragraph we are told that "contemporary attacks by terrorists" do not seem to be driven from those rules! Puzzling indeed. Are we to be surprised that terrorists are not in the habit of going by "the rules of the game"?! Another example is Albert Bergesen's two-paragraph citation of Edward Said's Orientalism, the Western stereotype of Muslims discussed in detail by Said, and in Bergesen's words viewing Muslims "as lethargic, child-like, feminine, and devoid of energy and initiative" (p. 13). He calls Said's original line of reasoning Orientalism 1, contrasting it with Orientalism 2 or today's stereotypes, "the depiction of Muslims as overly aggressive and violent." He then concludes that the latter is "just the opposite" of the former. In reality, however, Orientalism 2 is the very natural progression of Orientalism 1. In other words, it was simply because of the strong grip of Orientalism 1 that the actions of 19 men in their teens and twenties could lead, almost overnight, to "the violent and aggressive Muslim" stereotype. Otherwise, how is it that violent actions of nonMuslims of all faiths, at various times in hisContemporary Sociology 38, 4


Danilo Kiš was a list-maker. His 1969 story "The Meadow, in Autumn" describes an old circus ground with a thirteen-item list of abandoned remnants. His 1983 story "To Die for One's Country is Glorious" includes a six-item catalogue of "everything" that "stood on the side of life" for a condemned man. And his 1982 essay "Paris, the Great Kitchen of Ideas" presents a twenty-two-item "Rabelaisian or Borgesian enumeration" of all that Kiš does and does not like about the city. Indeed, it is possible to find a list of some noticeable length in virtually every one of Kiš's texts. The device is so frequently and strikingly employed that Aleksandar Hemon could refer blithely, in his introduction to Garden, Ashes, to "Kiš, ever a master of lists." And yet, despite Kiš's obvious and sustained interest in lists, his experiments with them have not received serious attention from critics, most likely because he was asked in a 1985 interview about the importance of "enumeration as a device," and his response has been taken as the final word on the subject. I quote it in full:


In this paper we define a new type of arithmetic convolution called the SB – product and denote it by *S B .Let R S B = < C N , + ,*S B > be the set of all complex valued arithmetic functions with ordinary addition and with a SB – product considered as multiplication. We give conditions on *S B which are necessary and sufficient for R S B to be commutative, and associative. We also investigate some other algebraic properties of R S B such as the existence of identity, of zero divisors. We determine all invertible elements of R S B and we establish the conditions under which R S B is a local ring .We then give a definition for completely multiplicative B-product and study some of its properties. We then study some important relations between SB – product, B – product and unitary convolution. We conclude our discussion by considering an example of SB -product and investigate whether the corresponding SB – product is commutative, associative, has an identity etc. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 11A25


A new asymmetric structure based on Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) and a metal-distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) is proposed in this paper, which can be applied in high-sensitivity terahertz sensors. The structure includes monolayer graphene and two DBRs with different central frequencies on two sides of the graphene. One of its edge faces is introduced by silver film for enhancing the TPPs excitation. The result shows two Tamm plasmonic modes at frequencies of 1.0 THz and 1.1 THz can be excited by the structure. By increasing Fermi energy of graphene, or reducing the width of the top defect layer, the TPPs excitation can be enhanced, and the sensitivity of the structure can also be improved. Moreover, the sensitivity is more sensitive to the incidence angle of TM and TE polarizations from 0° to 25°. By optimizing the structural parameters, the sensitivity and figure of merit of two Tamm plasmonic modes can attain 1.17 THz/RIU, 1.2 THz/RIU, ${32.28}\;{{\rm RIU}^{- 1}}$, and ${30.95}\;{{\rm RIU}^{- 1}}$, respectively, which demonstrates that such a structure is a candidate for a dynamic tunable TPPs terahertz device for a high-sensitivity terahertz sensor.


In order to convert business requirements into a model of application service, and to guide product application service system construct and implement ultimately, a model-driven modeling method of product application service is presented. The mapping relationship of formulation description of matter-element and object-oriented meta-model elements is established in the meta object facility meta-model layer, and UML extension mechanism is given to describe product application service using the extension UML complex language; four layers model driven architecture supporting system construction of product application service is established by analyzing product resources and service elements, in which the transformation from business model to implementation model is completed by refining precision, selecting transformation, mapping composition. Through the construction practice of the automobile and parts product application service system in Sichuan Truck Manufacture Plant Co. , Ltd, using the modeling methods, the implementation procedure is given to verify the practicability and effectiveness of methods framework.


Machine Translation(MT) is a part of Natural Language Processing(NLP). It is the method of translating Source Language(SL) text into Target Language(TL). The gap between computer programmer and linguist can be resolved with this system. The problems like lexical ambiguity, part of speech tagging, syntactic and structural ambiguity, synonym etc will arise while developing such systems. To develop a proper bilingual machine translation system for two natural languages is a challenging and demanding task for researchers. It is required to analyze the information as well as technology behind every natural language translation. This work represents the various approaches with current trends of machine translation system. In recent trends various machine learning approaches have been developed to tackle the above said problems. Most recently neural machine translation attain very good result by using different deep neural network techniques and machine learning algorithms.


Dyslipidemia plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Evidence has increasingly shown that the ratio of low‐ to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C/HDL‐C) is a novel marker for increased risk of insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. However, the correlation between the LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio and diabetes risk is rarely reported. This is the first study to investigate the association between the LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio and new‐onset diabetes in a large community‐based cohort.


The coordination of cell growth and differentiation as well as of tissue homeostasis and synchronization of tissue functions requires the transfer of information between cells. This may be achieved by an unidirectional signal flow, as is the case with secreted molecules (hormones. neurotransmitters) and or with membrane-bound receptors (sperm-egg binding, immune system). It can also follow a nonrectifying mode. as is observed for direct intercellular communication via gap junctions that are founed in regions of close cell-to-cell contact. These membrane channels are not only bidirectionally permeable and facilitate the free exchange of charged and neutral molecules, but also connect adjacent cells mechanically. They must be clearly discriminated from desmosomes, which anchor cells together to form structural or functional units, as well as from tight junctions that seal membranes of epithelial cells to each other so that the paracellular path becomes impermeable to molecules, and a polarity of apical and basolateral surface is maintained.


The hospitality and tourism industry "presents challenges that need to be addressed, including how to manage their growth sustainably, so as not to dimin-ish its potential" which solicits the "need to move toward more sustainable prac-tices" (World Tourism Organization [UNWTO], 2017. The call for papers for this special issue was received with much enthusiasm, as illustrated by the large number of submissions covering a wide range of topics on the interface of hospitality and tourism, stakeholder engagement and sustainability. Accordingly, papers accepted for inclusion in this special issue represent the diversity of submissions, with each making a unique contribution to the existing knowledge base.To start with, Fang, Nguyyen, and Armstrong strive to initiate a conversation on how the collective leadership capacity can assist in balancing the economic needs of a destination with the environmental and social goals. By drawing on leadership and tourism literature, their findings show that tourism-based leadership programs have the capacity to initiate the development of collective leadership capacity, a necessary element for building effective stakeholder net-works that drive change at tourism destination, workplace, and community levels.Vrontis et examined how the business model of the tourism sector that is used in Italy's Langhe region is aligned to the promotion of a "sustained, inclu-sive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and


The utility model relates to a lead pan compression roller device comprising a cylindrical compression roller body positioned in a lead pan. Two ends of the compression roller body are respectively attached to two side walls of the lead pan and are respectively and movably arranged in a circular ring; and two circular rings are arranged on two side walls of the lead pan. The lead pan compression roller device is applicable to the steel wire lead bath procedure in the process of producing steel wires, and can prevent the steel wires from falling out of the compression roller body; and in the device, the friction between the compression roller body and the steel wires is relatively small.


Background: The major function of all Suspension systems is Prosthesis retention. The suspension system prevents rotation, translation and vertical movement of the prosthesis in relation to the residual limb. The Silesian suspension and TES system that are commonly prescribed for Transfemoral amputees are believed to provide a better suspension. Nevertheless, their effect on Transfemoral amputees' gait performance has not yet been fully investigated. The main intention of this study was to understand the potential effects of the Silesian suspension and TES systems on Transfemoral amputees on gait kinetics.
Aim & Objective: To find out the effect of two types of suspension system on Gait Kinetics in subject with unilateral transfemoral amputee.
Study Design: Two group post-test Comparative Experimental study design. (Quasi Experimental).
Methods: 30 subjects with two different suspension systems such as Silesian suspension (Group-A) and Total Elastic Suspension (Group-B) was included in this study by convenient sampling method. All subjects walked with Endo skeletal design Trans femoral Prostheses gait training given called after 3 weeks. After that data regarding gait kinetics parameters was evaluated by Kistler Force Plate in dynamic position.
Result: The results revealed that there is significant difference in gait kinetics parameters that GRF (Fx) mean shows no significantly difference between Group-A and Group-B (p= 0.582), GRF (Fy) mean shows non-significantly difference between Group-A and Group B (p=0.163) and GRF (Fz) mean shows non-significantly difference between Group-A and Group-B.
Conclusion: The findings concluded that the study support the hypothesis that there were significant difference with two different suspension system on kinetic gait parameters.

Key words: Transfemoral prosthesis, TES, Silesian suspension, Gait Kinetics.


Oligo(α-thiophenes) α-4T and α-8T were prepared by the following one-pot sequential conversions:  thiophene (T) → α-2T → α-4T → α-8T. PdCl2-induced coupling of a mono-α-mercuration derivative of each of the n-mers T, α-2T, and α-4T was applied in these conversions.


The stationary states and dynamical evolution of one-dimensional eigenmodes in self-defocusing nonlinear Kerr medium under transverse parity-time (  ) symmetric k-wave number Scarff-II potential have been analysed. We study the effect of the coefficient of the imaginary component of the  -symmetric potential on the eigenvalue spectra of the ground and first excited states in linear and nonlinear models. Symmetric eigenmodes with real eigenvalues are obtained in the unbroken  regime in both models. The linear stability analysis shows that the solutions are stable in the unbroken  regime. The stable propagation of the solutions in linear and nonlinear media supported by  -symmetric k-wave number Scarff-II potential is also investigated. The comparison of the solutions in the presence and the absence of nonlinearity reveals that in the self-defocusing Kerr medium nonlinearity suppresses the region of  -symmetry. The influence of the width of the complex k-wave number Scarff-II potential and the depth of the real potential function on the  -symmetry breaking have also been analysed.


This qualitative study reports the results of sensemaking when teacher-practitioner inquiry in professional development (PD) is carried out for 120 Vietnamese K-12 and college teachers. The PD was designed to prepare teachers to teach with different newly-approved English language coursebooks using a genre-based systemic functional linguistic approach (SFL). During scaffolds in workshops, teaching staff guided teachers in cooperating and drafting lessons using genre-based SFL, examining the lessons' impacts on students' responses. Teachers also journaled to unravel the knitted instructional complexities and express their willingness to adapt to emerging teaching practices. Data were collected via the video recordings, teachers' interviews, and content analysis of their inquiry products. Four themes representing the complexities in teachers' sensemaking of scaffolded collaborative PD were: 1. Improved teacher agency in terms of planning and instruction; 2. Research-based experiential learning creating a venue for intrinsic motivation to innovate in instruction; 3. An overwhelming feeling of inequity between high and low-resourced instructional situations; 4. The mismatch between teachers' advocacy for desired deep-learning approach and the traditional ideology of rote learning for exams.


'Despite the high identity of the conserved sequences belonging to the active sites, the overall identity between VanYn and previously described VanY and VanX enzymes in enterococci is moderate: 46% with VanXD from Enterococcus gallinarum [27], 40% with VanXA from E. faecium [28], 39% with VanXB from E. faecium (accession no. ADA6242), 34% with VanXB from Enterococcus faecalis [29], 38% with Van-XYC from E. gallinarum [30], 27% with VanYB from E. faecalis [29], VanYG from E. faecalis [31] and VanYB from E. faecium [32], and 25% with VanYA from E. faecium [28]'.


In the present study, the efficiency of yeast mediated microbial fuel cell (MFC) was investigated towards degradation of Trypan blue (azo dye) and electricity generation. Five yeast strains viz. SC1, SC2, SCD1, SCD2, and SCD3 were isolated from different sources. The internal resistance of yeast isolates was tested using ferric oxide reduction method. To maximize the power density of MFC, NaCl was added to the medium and NaCl tolerance of yeast strains was tested. Among the five isolates, SC1 and SCD2 showed maximum ferric oxide reduction and NaCl tolerance. Initially, 5 % of SC1 and SCD2 yeast culture were inoculated in wastewater containing azo dye (100 µg/ml) in a H-type MFC chamber and 250 ml conical flask used as a control. Increased growth of yeast strain in MFC chamber was noted compared to conical flask culture. The data of electricity generation was taken for 15 days and electricity generation was measured using the multimeter. Maximum electricity generation was noted in SC1 (950mV) followed by SCD2 (750mV). In addition, SC1 could degrade azo dye more efficiently than SCD2. Therefore, it may be concluded thatSC1 yeast mediated MFC can be used as a potential technology for electricity generation and degradation of azo dye in wastewater.


To predict transporter-mediated drug disposition using physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, one approach is to measure transport activity and relate it to protein expression levels in cell lines (overexpressing the transporter) and then scale these to via in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE). This approach makes two major assumptions. First, that the expression of the transporter is predominantly in the plasma membrane. Second, that there is a linear correlation between expression level and activity of the transporter protein. The present study was conducted to test these two assumptions. We evaluated two commercially available kits that claimed to separate plasma membrane from other cell membranes. The Qiagen Qproteome kit yielded very little protein in the fraction purported to be the plasma membrane. The Abcam Phase Separation kit enriched the plasma membrane but did not separate it from other intracellular membranes. For the Abcam method, the expression level of organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATP) 1B1/2B1 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) proteins in all subcellular fractions isolated from cells or human liver tissue tracked that of Na+-K+ ATPase. Assuming that Na+-K+ ATPase is predominantly located in the plasma membrane, these data suggest that the transporters measured are also primarily located in the plasma membrane. Using short hairpin RNA, we created clones of cell lines with varying degrees of OATP1B1 or BCRP expression level. In these clones, transport activity of OATP1B1 or BCRP was highly correlated with protein expression level (r2 > 0.9). These data support the use of transporter expression level data and activity data from transporter overexpressing cell lines for IVIVE of transporter-mediated disposition of drugs.


Bored pile with low noise,small vibration,no soil compaction,through a variety of complex formation and the formation of large bearing capacity of single pile,in municipal bridge is widely used in engineering.This article in view of Nanping West Bridge in complex geological condition,the hole drilling machine to carry on the comparative analysis,it was determined to use the rotary drilling rig for drilling construction,and the construction quality problems easily occurring in effective control measures,prevent as far as possible quality accidents.


In the study of the response of systems to an excitation there are circumstances when it is desirable to obtain some overall or average characterization of the system and its response rather than a detailed description. In this paper two methods are used to describe the overall features of the system: one appropriate for the frequency domain and one for the time domain. For modally dense systems the main features of the frequency response function are described in terms of low-order parametric models. While these models may be adequate for the frequency domain representation, they may not produce a good approximation to the response of the system in the time domain. The second approach relates the envelope of the input signal to the envelope of the response signal, in order to describe the overall time domain response characteristics.


Implications for Nursing Education • Interprofessional team-led innovative teaching strategies inspires a shared vision that enhances student retention of knowledge • Flipped classroom allows for more active student participation • Collaboration with interprofessional teams reduces time spent from faculty designing & creating courses allowing more time for teaching & scholarship Building a Leadership Backbone: A Scholar's Nurse Faculty Leadership Journey


One of the processes for the application of functional compounds that alter textile properties is encapsulation. In our research, a microencapsulated biocide was used to produce an antimicrobial textile product. Melamine–formaldehyde polymer wall microcapsules with a triclosan core were applied to a cotton fabric by screen printing. Printed samples were dried and cured. The fabric hand properties of washed and unwashed samples were tested and the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was evaluated. The quantity of free formaldehyde on the printed and washed samples was monitored for 2 months. The results show that microcapsules with triclosan can be successfully applied to a cotton fabric by printing, where they provide good antibacterial protection without substantially changing the fabric properties. The quantity of formaldehyde on the unwashed samples is high and it changes with time; however, it significantly decreases with washing.


The present work, starting from experiences and reflections of the author in her
trajectory in the course of Social Work of the Federal University of Ouro Preto, exposes
a bibliographical study that presents from the category of everyday life, studied by
Gyorgy Lukacs in the book The peculiarity of aesthetics, the context of individual's
relations with the world, in the self-constitutive processes of the human and categories,
including determinations, experiences in the contemporary, capitalist set of
exponentiation of modes and fetishized ways of being, thinking and feeling. Brings the
categories of reality for more precise determinations of the peculiarity and strength of
the aesthetic and within the historical-materialist, Marxist philosophy, with a study and
discussion based on the categories of singular, particular and universal. These
categories are identified to objectivity, in the sense that their correspondences and
relationships occur in everyday life, in humanization processes and in history; they
carry objective existence, characteristics of reality itself. Are also categories reflected
in different ways, in the different fields of human action, as one that is proper to the
aesthetic and the artistic. In this field of reflection and performance, representations of
reality and creative forms focus on the field of particularity, surpassing both the limits
of the phenomenal and the as the boundaries of the conceptual and the universal.
Therefore, the art and aesthetics as dissolutive potentialities of fetishes, of the limits of
subjectivity in the face of the appearance of things, addressing this grounded also in a
discussion of the partisanship category, also considering Works developed at UFOP
at the educational and university level, as well as an approach to Carlos Drummond
de Andrade's "Feeling of the World", in order to emphasize the importance and potency
of these work and expressions for the expansion of human subjectivity towards a new
societal horizon.


Ocular counterrolling (OCR) induced by lateroflexion, whole body roll, eccentric rotation or translational acceleration has been explored and promoted as an indicator of the vestibular statolith function. Quantification of eye torsion induced by stimulation of the statolith organ has recently become available for broad clinical application thanks to the development of video nystagmography. The most simple way and maybe clinically the most attractive procedure to induce OCR could have been by changing the orientation of the statolith system relative to the gravitation vector, i.e. by lateroflexion of the head. However, irrespective of the visual condition, irrespective of the type of head roll, static or dynamic, OCR showed considerable inter- and intravariability. Findings in healthy subjects and patients indicate that according to our current insight, measurement of OCR induced by lateroflexion or whole body roll has a limited sensitivity and specificity. The normal range of OCR in healthy subjects is large (4.5–9.0% and could be interpreted as a functional asymmetry in statolith function that does not really exist. At present there are insufficient clinical data available to judge the clinical relevance of this test. OCR induced by sideward translations has the advantage over the previously described techniques that it allows an evaluation of the frequency characteristics of the statolith function. Major problems with this technique are that the equipment required is complex and expensive, that a appropriate head fixation is difficult and that responses are quite small. So far, the scarce clinical data do not yet point to a clear clinical relevance of this approach.


The ' Next NGS Challenge – data processing and integration ' Conference (held on 15-16 May 2013, in Valencia, Spain), a joint event of EU COST Action BM1006, SeqAhead, the Global Bioinformatics Network, EMBnet, the International Society for Computational Biology, ISCB, and the FP7 Project, STATegra  was a true success in terms both of the high number of participants from a wide diversity of countries and backgrounds, and of the quality of the keynote and contributed talks.


Positive studies and normative studies are the most important research methodology in contemporary accounting. Both of them are deeply affected by research methodology in economics, and play an important role in the development of accounting. However, there has been some confusion over the two methods. By comparison, the present paper discusses the development of positive studies and normative studies in accounting, and attempts to define the two methods strictly (i. e. the process of using the methods instead of the results or the underlying philosophy). The author holds that clarification of various misunderstandings is important to the use of the two internationally recognized methods, and the promotion of research work in this country and international academic exchange.


This study aims to determine the influence of education and training on workers' job performance. This study is done at PT. Telekomunikasi, Tbk with 65 respondents. Data Analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The result of this study are education and training influence significantly either simultanesously or partially as well as training is  the dominant variables influence on workers' job performance. Keywords: Education, training, job performance


A novel therapy is demonstrated utilizing magnetic nanoparticles for the dual purpose of delivering microRNA and inducing magnetic hyperthermia. In particular, the combination of lethal-7a microRNA (let-7a), which targets a number of the survival pathways that typically limit the effectiveness of hyperthermia, with magnetic hyperthermia greatly enhances apoptosis in brain cancer cells.


Tonic diaphragmatic activity (electrical activity at end-expiration) measured transcutaneously has been reported to occur in infants and adults during quiet sleep and to increase during abdominal loading (J Appl Physiol 47:279,1979). However, Harding et al., showed that tonic activity in the peripheral diaphragm of lambs was independent of phrenic innervation and concluded that it resulted from contamination with respiratory and postural activities of adjacent muscles (J Physiol 292:57P,1979). We sought to determine if abdominal loading altered diaphragmatic activity in five monkeys (14 to 34 days of age) during quiet sleep or during sedation with Sernylan. Respiratory events were timed from the esophageal pressure tracing. Squeezing the abdomen (10 to 40 mmHg pressure) increased phasic diaphragmatic activity which resulted from: 1) greater activity during Ti, 2) lengthening of Ti (increased by 140±60 msec at 40 mmHg compared to 0 mmHg) and 3) increased post-inspiratory activity (increased by 93±13 msec at 40 mmHg compared to 0 mmHg). Although abdominal loading increased post-inspiratory activity, tonic activity did not occur at any time. As in lambs (J Physiol 292:22P,1979), phasic activity recorded from different parts of the diaphragm was asynchronous.We conclude that abdominal loading increases phasic diaphragmatic activity but does not elicit tonic diaphragmatic activity in monkeys. (Supported by HL 0.7159 and Wellcome Trust 9594-1.5)


The relation between the rate of increase in nonprotein nitrogenous compounds (NPN) of rabbit muscle and muscle pH ranging from 5.9 to 7.2 was examined during the post-mortem storage. Muscle of a high ultimate pH was prepared by the injection of ICH2COOH into the vein. The more the muscle pH kept away from 6.3, the more NPN increased. Therefore, it has been suggested that the post-mortem proteolysis is mainly attributed to the acid proteolytic system comprising cathepsins in muscles at a pH lower than 6.3 and to the neutral proteolytic system in muscles at a pH higher than 6.3. The ratio of the increment of ninhydrin positive materials to that of Cu-Folin phenol reagent positive materials among NPN was relatively large in muscles at a high pH. This result has suggested that the neutral proteolytic system was more abound in exopeptidase activity than acid proteolytic system.


We report here a method for the identification of free N-terminal peptides of in gel digested isolated proteins. It is based on the difference between the isotopic ion distribution of the N-terminal peptide and internal peptides. After guanidination of lysine residues, the primary amino groups of the gel-entrapped protein are blocked with an equimolar mixture of normal and deuterated acetic anhydride. Upon MS analysis, internal peptides display a normal isotopic ion distribution while the N-terminal peptide shows a complex isotopic ion distribution.


The author of the article concentrates on the analysis of the content aspects of I Brahms's works examining the Third Symphony in details and addressing this methodology to the students of high schools and colleges


Having cast anchor at Verdun, the road at the entrance of the river of Bourdeaux, I was Fishing with a kind of drag-net upon a bank of sand, which was very fine and muddy.


The optical beating Brillouin spectroscopy used in this study possesses quite high frequency resolution, up to 1 kHz, which enabled us to observe the Brillouin peak of hydrogen gas in the megahertz frequency region. In this study, we measured the sound velocity of hydrogen gas in the 10 MHz frequency region with optical beating Brillouin spectroscopy and observed rotation-translation relaxation. The obtained value of the relaxation frequency is reasonable. This method would enable us to observe rotation–translation relaxation of other gases in a nondestructive, noncontact manner.


Of central communication units (RBS1 ... 6) each broadcast messages (rn1 ... 6) with inserted broadcast channel information (bbpo1 ... 6) to remote communication units (DKE1 ... 6) emitted. By this, at least two central communications units (RBS1 ... 6) received broadcast channel information (bbpo1 ... 6) is detected, evaluated and stored, as well as in dependence on the evaluation result each transmitted broadcast messages (rn1 ... 6) received. Using the broadcast channel information stored (bbpo1 ... 6) the radio resources of a multi-cell system can be used more effectively.


In view of the present Bulk terminal handling equipment fleet for the system's lack of traditional PID control,instability of the system error,the dynamic characteristics were not ideal.A fuzzy PID control algorithm was proposed.Fuzzy control and conventional PID control combined together were used in the speed self-adaption research,and can be used to slove the problem of handling equipment inner and mutual speed self-adaption.


The indoor positioning technology plays an important role in the application scenarios requiring indoor location. In this paper, the WiFi signals under modern enterprise WiFi infrastructure and signal patterns between coexisting access points (APs) are investigated. Sibling signal patterns are defined and processed to generate Beacon APs that have higher confidence for positioning. Then a positioning approach using Beacon APs is proposed and shows improved positioning accuracy. The proposed schemes are fully designed, implemented and evaluated in a real-world environment, revealing its effectiveness and efficiency.


When a human observer moves, the eye continually fixates on targets in the world. Although fixation is a common process in human vision, its role has not yet been established for computational purposes. The main contribution of this paper is to formalize the retinal flow for a fixating observer. A further contribution a potentially more practical one is to explore the role of the periphery in predicting collision. Utilizing fixation is expected to turn out to be especially fruitful in light of recent advances in computer vision for constructing active head/eye systems [3]. In this work we make the following assumptions: (i) the observer moves with respect to the world and fixates on a target; (ii) the world is rigid, with no independently moving elements; and (iii) the possible rotation axes of the eye lie on a plane (comparable to Listing's Plane). Assumptions (ii) and (iii) make the problem of determining retinal flow tractable. We first define retinal flow for a 2D universe and then extend it to the full 3D case; the flow in 2D turns out to form a component of the flow in 3D. The retinal flow in 3D will be decomposed into longitudinal and latitudinal flow; the behavior of longitudinal flow along the retinal periphery will be further analyzed for interesting properties. Finally the results of a simulated experiment on retinal flow at the periphery will be presented. "The first author is extremely indebted to Prof. V. Aurich/University of Düsseldorf for triggering this research by bringing to the author's attention interesting patterns on the retinal periphery. Thanks to Dr. A. Vainikka who helped with the style and logic of presentation.


Objective To investigate the effects and possible molecule mechanism of paeonol (Pae) in inhibiting HT-29 cells proliferation and inducing its apoptosis, and provide the theoretic basis for new colorectal cancer therapy. Methods The induction of apoptosis on HT-29 cells were measured by fluorescence microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of apoptosis associated genes bcl-2 and bax was observed by immunocytochemical staining. Results Typical apoptosis morphology of HT-29 cells was observed by fluorescence microscope and transmission electron microscopy after treated with Pae. Pae could induce apoptosis of HT-29 cells when it was applied at the concentration of 15.63mg/L, 62.5mg/L and 250mg/L after 48h. Immunocytochemical staining showed that the expression of bcl-2 and p53 protein was decreased significantly while the expression of bax protein had no marked change on HT-29 cells after treated with Pae. Conclusions Pae may inhibit HT-29 cells proliferation and induce apoptosis. The possible mechanism may be through down-regulation the ratio of bcl-2/bax expression.


This paper makes use of advances in mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to conduct a preliminary design study on the combinatorial optimal placement of thyristor controlled phase shifter transformers (TCPSTs) in large-scale power systems. The procedure finds the number, network location, and settings of phase shifters that maximize system loadability under the DC load flow model, subject to limits on the installation investment or total number of TCPSTs. It also accounts for active flow and generation limits, and phase shifter constraints. Simulation results are presented for the IEEE 24-, 118-, and 300-bus systems, as well as a 904-bus network. The principal characteristics of our approach are compared with those of other published flexible AC system transmission (FACTS) allocation methods.


Background: Brain abscess due to the Nocardia genus is rarely reported and it is usually found in immunocompromised patients. Treatment of Nocardia brain abscess is troublesome and requires consideration of the severity of the underlying systemic disease. The difficulties in identifying the bacterium and the frequent delay in initiating adequate therapy often influence the prognosis of patients.Case presentation: Here, we report a rare case of brain abscess caused by Nocardia farcinica. The patient's medical history was complicated, he was hospitalized for several times, but no pathogens were found. At last, bacterial was found in culture of brain abscess puncture fluid, the colony was identified as Nocardia farcinica by mass spectrometry. Targeted antibiotic treatment was implemented, brain abscess tended to alleviate, but the patient eventually developed fungal pneumonia and died of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Conclusion: brain abscess caused by Nocardia farcinica can be appear in non-immunocompromised individuals. Early diagnosis, reasonable surgical intervention, and targeted antibiotic treatment are critical for Nocardia brain abscess treatment. In the treatment of Nocardia brain abscess, we should pay attention to the changes of patients' immunity and avoid infection with other pathogens, especially fungi.


Based on much previously unused material, this is a full-length biography of one of the most popular of all English sovereigns. Covering his life from a childhood marred by the advent of civil war, through his colourful years as a prince on campaign and as a monarch in exile in France and the United Provinces, to his Restoration and 25-year reign, this biography also considers Charles's rule in Ireland and Scotland, making it a united history of the British Isles in this period. The work should interest students and scholars of the Stuart period, general readers interested in biography, monarchy, and 17th-century history.


Numerous DVDs showing the iconoclastic Romanian conductor Sergiu Celi bidache at work and in interview are now available. Norbert Busè's documentary differentiates itself by blending such materials with reminiscences from people who had a wide variety of relationships with him. His sister Irina-Paraschiva Celebidachi describes Sergiu's precocious youth. Some time collaborator Daniel Barenboim tries to distill the essence of the mature conductor's mesmeric power, noting both his attention to detail and his thoughtfulness. Musicologist and former student Peter Lang explains how, at least in retrospect, the maestro's occasionally cutting criticisms and insistence on seeking a higher standard from oneself represents a healthy alternative to the widespread praise of mediocrity. Serge Ioan Celebidachi describes the tension between his father's career and family life and emphasizes his dedication to teaching. But for all the testimonials, Busè's film does not make evident how Celibidache was more a "firebrand" or "philosopher" than other titans of the postwar podium. Those characteristics most frequently associated with the conductor—his penchant for slow tempos, his championing of Bruckner, his disdain for recording—are addressed infrequently or obliquely, perhaps because they have been explored extensively elsewhere, or perhaps because the filmmaker wanted to show the conductor in another light. Whether this less conventional approach is successful ultimately rests, then, on the quality of interviews and Busè's skill in editing them together to create a different, cohesive view. But the interviews tend to be adulatory and vague, short on fact and long on superlatives, and the whole feels more like hagiography than the evaluation of an unusual and sometimes controversial figure. Busè occasionally wastes time, letting Serge Ioan Celibidachi talk about his love for race cars and following an anonymous librarian through the stacks to find archival material (of little consequence) about Celibidache's student years in Berlin. But other sections of the film are informative (e.g., descriptions of Celibidache's own compositions from different periods of his life), evocative (e.g., shots of his childhood home in Romania, now in ruins), even compelling. Most compelling—and this is hardly a surprise—are those moments when the conductor is at work, conducting. The documentary itself includes only brief excerpts with Celibidache on the podium, and most of that time shows him in rehearsal, but the DVD includes as a bonus feature a 1950 video of him leading the Berlin Philharmonic in a performance of Beethoven's Egmont Overture. Fascinatingly, the conductor's technique and demeanor in 1950 differ greatly from his more familiar Munich-era work; unfortunately, the sound is poor. The other bonus features on the DVD are extended versions of interviews with Celibidache's sister and Daniel Barenboim, parts of which are used in the film, and another with cinematographer Michael Ballhaus. this somewhat impressionistic and soporific interpretation devoid of the religiosity that usually characterizes it. During a rehearsal intermission (which Bernstein wickedly characterizes as a "Tea Break") we are given a brief interview where he comments on various theories that attempt to explain the "enigma" of the work's title. Apart from an occasional abrupt shot-switch in the live telecast, the two parts of the video are well done, each producer giving us a judicious mix of close ups and long shots of appropriate duration. In summary, this DVD is primarily for those intrigued at seeing a great, if self-indulgent, conductor at work in his seventh decade; and yet the spirit of Elgar still shines through!


In this article we point some narrative expedients and influences noticed in the workmanships of Chretien de Troyes, especially in the novel "Ivain, the knight of the Lion". In addition, we detach the characteristics of the feminine representation that this artist propagated in the hearings promoted in important existing noble families in century XII.


An opportunistic DF-AF selection relaying scheme with maximal received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination is investigated in this paper. The outage probability of the opportunistic DF-AF selection relaying scheme over Nakagami-m fading channels is analyzed, and a closed-form solution is obtained. We perform asymptotic analysis of the outage probability in high SNR domain. The coding gain and the diversity order are obtained. For the purpose of comparison, the asymptotic analysis of opportunistic AF scheme in Nakagami-m fading channels is also performed by using the Squeeze Theorem. In addition, we prove that compared with the opportunistic DF scheme and opportunistic AF scheme, the opportunistic DF-AF selection relaying scheme has better outage performance.


The ureohydrolase enzyme arginase has been implicated in several retinal diseases. We have previously shown that deletion of the arginase 2 (A2) gene reduces neurovascular injury in mouse models of ischemic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to characterize the specific involvement of A2 expression in traumatic optic neuropathy (TON).


Introduction
Limited data on cigarette smoking among population subgroups hinder the development and implementation of intervention strategies for those subgroups. Because of small sample sizes or inadequate study formats, cigarette smoking among youths has been studied mostly among broad racial or ethnic categories (e.g., Asian, Hispanic) instead of subgroups (e.g., Vietnamese, Cuban). The objective of this study was to evaluate cigarette smoking among U.S. youths by racial and ethnic subgroups.


In Hungary, the geographic and settlement environments determine and influence the youth's present and future opportunities, aspirations and values . Different opportunities in terms of quality and quantity are available on each level of the settlement hierarchy, often creating gaps in the youth groups of the society. Inequality relations cause the most significant disadvantages in the lives of the rural young people that greatly influence their quality of life, values, and plans for the future . In this study, we analyse the results of the latest nation-wide representative research on youth, especially the regional characteristics of the youth's value preferences .


Literature takes a new, and perhaps more realistic, look at the dentist. In fiction and nonfiction, his skills, knowledge, and deep feelings are publicized, and the caricature of a gauche, limited man is tucked away.


Sparse subspace clustering methods with sparsity induced by $\ell^{0}$-norm, such as $\ell^{0}$-Sparse Subspace Clustering ($\ell^{0}$-SSC)~\citep{YangFJYH16-L0SSC-ijcv}, are demonstrated to be more effective than its $\ell^{1}$ counterpart such as Sparse Subspace Clustering (SSC)~\citep{ElhamifarV13}. However, the theoretical analysis of $\ell^{0}$-SSC is restricted to clean data that lie exactly in subspaces. Real data often suffer from noise and they may lie close to subspaces. In this paper, we show that an optimal solution to the optimization problem of noisy $\ell^{0}$-SSC achieves subspace detection property (SDP), a key element with which data from different subspaces are separated, under deterministic and semi-random model. Our results provide theoretical guarantee on the correctness of noisy $\ell^{0}$-SSC in terms of SDP on noisy data for the first time, which reveals the advantage of noisy $\ell^{0}$-SSC in terms of much less restrictive condition on subspace affinity. In order to improve the efficiency of noisy $\ell^{0}$-SSC, we propose Noisy-DR-$\ell^{0}$-SSC which provably recovers the subspaces on dimensionality reduced data. Noisy-DR-$\ell^{0}$-SSC first projects the data onto a lower dimensional space by random projection, then performs noisy $\ell^{0}$-SSC on the projected data for improved efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of Noisy-DR-$\ell^{0}$-SSC.


Objective To find out how does the ocular injury affect indirectly to heart, and estimate the clinic significance of traumatic oculocardiac reflex.Methods To analyse retrospectively the blood pressure,pulse,and changes of the electrocardiography in 657 ocular injured in-patients.Results There were only 7 patients whose average arterial pressure was lower than 70 mmHg after the eye was injuried in 1h,14 people had abnormal first pulse compared with basic pulse.Only 1 case has blood pressure and pulse declination synchronously;There were 217 cases who had abnormal ECE(56.66%).Sinus bradycardia,ectopic arrhythmia and abnormal change of ST-T in people over 40 years were higher than that of below 40(P0.05).Conclusion Ocular injury couldn't affect blood pressure obuiously and had no synchronous with pulse.The injury condition could affect the stability of the autonomic function.There are colosely relationshop between sinus bradycardia,ectopic arrhythmia,abnormal change of ST-T and ages.It is important to enhance the prevention and cure of the traumatic oculocardiac reflex,expecially in people older than of 40 years.


Antimicrobial viroblock/polyacrylonitrile nanofiber webs fabricated using the electrospinning method were assessed in terms of the antimicrobial activity against infectious agents as a potential material used in mask production. Viroblock (VB) is an amalgam of lipid vesicle and silver. Lipid vesicle depletes the virus outer membrane, which contains cholesterol, while silver ions penetrate the virus, interact with sulfur-bearing moieties, and possess the virus bactericidal property. VB, having anti-coronavirus and anti-influenza properties, was prepared in four different concentrations, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2 wt%, in regard to nanofiber weight. The resultant nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water contact angle, water content, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Moreover, all nanofibrous samples were evaluated for cell proliferation assay and ATCC antibacterial tests. Based on characterization results and cytotoxicity, the developed composite nanofibers-based webs showed good promise for utilization in anti-viral masks. Particularly, 2 wt% VB/PAN nanofibers have the highest antibacterial properties against negative and positive bacteria along with excellent cell viability.


The surface shape and roughness of a product produced by machine tools such as lathe plays an important role. This is due to the surface shape and roughness of the product related to friction, wear, lubrication system and so on. The machining process will determine the surface roughness at a certain level where the surface roughness can be used as a reference for evaluation of machining products. The surface roughness of a product does not have to be of little value. One product that is required to have a low surface roughness is the shaft. In the analysis of surface roughness, the steps taken are the selection of work material and the type of chisel that is often used in production workshops in Pekanbaru. Material of the workpiece used is ST41 and S45C while the type of cutting tool used is HSS and Widia Carbide. For the next process is the process of making workpieces with lathes with variations of types of cutting tool on each material workpiece. HSS chisel and carbide with ST41 steel material with rotation variation 300 rpm, 500 rpm and 840 rpm. In this material using HSS chisel it has increased roughness from 300 rpm (3,254 μm) to 500 rpm (5,425 μm) while 840 rpm (5,212 μm) has decreased roughness. otherwise the carbide has a roughness rate of 300 rpm (4,154 μm), 500 rpm (4,035 μm) and a round of 840 rpm (2,608 μm). HSS chisel and carbide with S45C steel material with rotation variation 300 rpm, 500 rpm and 840 rpm. In this material using HSS chisel has increased roughness from 300 rpm (5,778 μm) to 500 rpm (6,563 μm) while 840 rpm (5,712 μm) decreased roughness. otherwise the carbide has a roughness rate of 300 rpm (5.050 μm), 500 rpm (4,785 μm) and 840 rpm (4,116 μm).


As an important question in enterprise management and decision-making,capital structure is closely connected with financial risk in modern enterprises.Irrational capital structure will lead to increased financial risk in enterprises,so capital structure should be constantly optimized to reduce financial risk in enterprises.After China's entry into the WTO,oil enterprises are faced with more uncertainty of financial risk and it is of vital importance to oil enterprises to consider how to reduce financial risks by optimizing capital structure.


Stan is an interactive graphic multi-product multi-mode method for national or regional strategic planning of freight transportation. The strategic level of planning implies a medium to long term time horizon and a rather aggregate level of detail for the representation of the transport services provided. A typical use of stan is the comparison and evaluation of alternatives, usually representing anticipated or predicted changes in the origin to destination demands for the products considered and major changes to the transportation infrastructure. At the strategic level of planning, the aim is to obtain an overall estimation of the movements of freight of most (or all) products by most (or all) of the modes available: thus tactical decisions are not considered at this level. (Author/TRRL)


According to the Washington Consensus, developing countries' growth would benefit from reductions in barriers to trade. However, the empirical basis for judging trade reforms is weak. Econometrics are mostly ad hoc; results are typically not judged against models; policies are poorly measured; and most studies are based on pre-1990 experience. We address these concerns—by using a model based on capital and intermediate goods; by compiling new disaggregated tariff measures; and by employing treatment-and-control analysis. We find that a specific treatment, liberalizing tariffs on imported capital and intermediate goods, did lead to faster growth in a manner consistent with theory. JEL Codes: E65, F10, F13, F43, F53, N10, N70, O40


The field of technology and aging is characterized by a demand for research. The aging population, increased life spans, and increased survival rates following disability, plus the increased numbers of individuals with disabilities living at all, point to a new field of bioengineering and technology not heretofore experienced. Research has to keep up with a demand for mobility devices, prosthetics, assistive technology, and nanotechnology, all of which is increasing in quality, quantity, and concept at a dramatic rate.


This paper investigates the effect of ownership structure on the cost efficiency of Australian building societies using the stochastic econometric frontier approach. Contrary to the expense preference hypothesis, mutually‐owned societies were found to be, on average, more cost efficient than those under stock ownership. Moreover, mutual and share‐owned societies have significantly different cost functions or production technologies. The results are consistent with the US results of Mester (1993).


A simple technique for performing mod (or modulus) M operations, where M is a prime number, is described. This technique can be applied to the prime memory system as described by Lawrie and Vora [1].


Background: According to several estimates, African American women are 40% more likely to die from breast cancer than white women in the United States. Proposed explanations for this disparity include differential socioeconomic factors and access to care, however some studies have raised the possibility that variation in tumor biology is a contributing factor. Methods: We prospectively sequenced primary and metastatic breast cancer tumors and their matched normal DNA using the MSK-IMPACT assay. We performed gene enrichment analyses to identify the oncogenic mutations and copy number alterations that were more frequent in patients who self-identified as African American or black (AA/B) compared with patients who self-identified as non-Hispanic white (NHW). Detailed clinicopathologic variables were collected for the full cohort. Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test, and multivariate binomial regression models were used for statistical analyses. Results: Genomic profiling was performed on 339 tumors from 301 AA/B patients (44.6% metastatic), and 2,607 tumors from 2,248 NHW patients (48.5% metastatic). Age of AA/B and NHW patients at diagnosis was similar (51.5 vs. 52.8 years, p = 0.065). However, AA/B patients were more likely to be pre- or peri-menopausal at diagnosis (51.6 vs. 44%, p = 0.013), have triple-negative disease (26.5 vs. 13%, p 10, 0.9% vs. 0.5%; p = 0.44). Conclusions: In this large clinico-genomic analysis, as previously reported, AA/B patients were more likely to have the clinical hallmarks of aggressive disease, as defined by triple-negative subtype, higher stage, and premenopausal status at diagnosis. Our analysis demonstrated trends towards enrichment for some of the genomic alterations previously identified to be associated with poor outcome in the AA/B population, however, after controlling for the aforementioned clinical factors, breast cancer in AA/B did not differ significantly from breast cancer in NHW in terms of their driver genomic alterations, MSI or tumor mutation burden. Further studies are required to fully characterize the genomics of breast cancer in AA/B women, which may play a role in larger efforts to equalize the disparities observed in this population. Citation Format: Cristian Serna-Tamayo, Joshua Z Drago, Carlos Dos Anjos, Joshua Herbert, Fresia Pareja, Shanu Modi, Komal Jhaveri, Chau Dang, David B Solit, Larry Norton, Mauricio Scaltriti, Jorge S Reis-Filho, Sarat Chandarlapaty, Mark E. Robson, Pedram Razavi. The genomic landscape of breast cancer in African American women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-01.


Accurate assessments of the deformation and strength properties of rock masses are essential for analysing the foundations, subsurface excavation, and construction of slopes, however, identifying geotechnical properties, particularly weak rock masses, is challenging for geoscientists, geologists, and geotechnical investigators. To determine the rock mass properties, geophysical techniques, and rock mass classification methods are widely used. Although rock classification methodologies exist, they are rarely employed in foundation construction analysis due to being predominantly established for tunnelling purposes. This study aims to employ classification methods, and geophysical and geotechnical investigation approaches to provide realistic rock mass properties for a building foundation, compare results, and assess techniques' effectiveness; it also reviews current state-of-the-art methods for classification techniques and investigations. Results show that compressional and shear wave velocities increase with depth indicating a change from poor to satisfactory mechanical behaviour, and empirical equations provide highly valuable and satisfactory deformation modulus values when compared to field seismic values. Almost all classification methods provided reasonable results compared with the seismic results, however highly overestimated and underestimated outcomes were obtained from some empirical equations applying the Rock Quality Designation index and Rock Mass Rating system. Empirical equations that gave the practical deformation modulus outcomes are the Rock Mass Rating based equations and Q-based equations and Geological Strength Index-based equations. Overall, the Rock Quality Designation index underestimated the seismic result, whereas the Rock Mass Rating, Q, and Geological Strength Index systems produced good agreement and realistic results. To conclude, classification methods were effectively applied to a building foundation. Since the Rock Quality Designation is a key value and feature for other systems including Q, and Rock Mass Rating systems, it is an essential factor. Although the Q systems provided practical consequences, this system mainly relied on the Rock Quality Designation value not the compressive strength of the intact rock. The Rock Mass Rating and being the most feasible and essential systems due to detailed geotechnical observations as inputs more significantly the uniaxial compressive strength of the intact rock, and various factors including deformation modulus, strength, Poisson's ratio, equivalent cohesion, and friction angle of rock mass as outcomes.


15005 Background: The negative regulatory programmed death-1/programmed death-1ligand (PD-1/PD-L) pathway in T-cell activation has been suggested to play an important role in tumor evasion from host immunity. Levels of immune cells expressing PD-1 in clinical colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tumors have not been evaluated. Thus, we investigated whether PD-1 positive T cells were expressed within CRC tumors and the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in human CRC to define their clinical significance in patients' prognosis after surgery. Methods: Tissue samples from 116 patients operated between 2001 and 2005 were collected in our institution and histologically confirmed CRC were evaluated retrospectively for this study. PD-1 and PD-L gene expression was evaluated by real time quantitative PCR and the samples were immunostained. Outcome analyses were performed. Results: The protein and the mRNA levels of determination by immunohistochemistry and real time quantitative PCR were closely correlated. PD-L expression was i...


In this paper I propose a method to determine portage routes using mainly archaeological and environmental data, through the example of the portage between two French rivers in ancient times. During the Roman period, one could reach the Rhine frontier through several routes from the city of Lyons. These routes connected various large drainage basins though portages. The one between the Saone and the Moselle rivers was particularly important. Yet, we still do not know its exact path. This method of investigation involves two aspects. First, I need to determine the main terminal-points of navigation on the two rivers. Due to the lack of data in ancient texts, the sources I am using are works on the hydrology of the Saone and Moselle rivers, archaeological remains and modern texts. This will allows me to propose several possible transloading points according to the environment in the period, to the seasons and to the cultural context. Second, I simulate routes between the proposed terminal-points, which enables me to distinguish two kinds of paths: on the one hand, there was a long portage, departing from Chalon-sur-Saone or more upstream; on the other hand, there was a short portage departing much more upstream on the Saone river. The short portage could only be taken when environmental conditions allowed, whereas the long one was passable all year long. The modeling of the path of least cost between the various terminal-points sheds new light on the various possible options and the choices the transporters made. It appears that choosing a short and cheap portage or a long and expensive one depended not only on the topographical, river and climate constraints but also on the objectives of the journey and the commercial strategies of the merchants.


The invention provides an application of carbonized microspheres. The carbonized microspheres are prepared by taking a vinyl aromatic monomer containing polymer microspheres as a raw material through heating for carbonizing the raw material. The carbonized microspheres as a stationary phase are used as chromatographic packing for the separation and purification of fullerene and carbon nanotubes, so that the flow velocity is significantly increased, the separation time is short, the chromatographic column pressure is low, and the separation effect is good, and therefore, the carbonized microspheres are applicable to the rapid separation and purification of carbon allotrope nano materials such as fullerene and carbon nanotubes.


In the 1980s, the institutional and regulatory framework of the telecommunication industry has changed radically but a lot still remains to be done notably in developing countries. MENA developing countries are presently experiencing a significant transformation in their telecommunication sectors due to regulatory reform, privatization, and the introduction of competition. Under the pressure of International Institutions (World Bank, IMF), the liberalization, deregulation and re-regulation of the telecom industries are at the political agenda of MENA governments. This paper empirically assesses the effect of regulation, privatization and competition reforms, as well as the interactions between different reforms in the telecommunication sector using a sample of 17 MENA developing countries for the period 1995-2010. We assume that different reform variables are affected by institutional, political and economic variables and we use IV-2SLS estimation to analyze the outcome of reforms in terms of telecom performance: access, prices, productivity and quality. As a main result, we find that institutional, political and economic variables matter and affect telecom reforms, which in turn affect different performance indicators. JEL classification:L11; L14; L33; L43; L51; L96; O38; O50


From the soon to be completed Human Genome Project to Combinatorial Chemistry and High Throughput Screening combined with bioinformatic tools, scientific advances are poised to revolutionize drug discovery and even health care. The research directions in the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs of Peking University mainly focus on the study of interaction between biological targets and active compounds with structural diversity including endogenous and exogenous substances, especially the natural products that come from animals, plants and inorganic medicines. The new lead compounds have been designed and synthesized based on the structure activity relationship and computer modeling. The research activities are involved in 76 national research projects. From 1996 2000, 310 papers have been published, 8 patents obtained and 14 prizes of scientific achievements awarded by the Chinese government and ministries.


We present molecular dynamics calculations on the evolution of Ni nanowires stretched along the (111) and (100) directions, and at two different temperatures. Using a methodology similar to that required to build experimental conductance histograms, we construct minimum crosssection histograms H(Sm). These histograms are useful to understand the type of favorable atomic configurations appearing during the nanowire breakage. We have found that minimum crosssection histograms obtained for (111) and (100) stretching directions are rather different. When the nanowire is stretched along the (111) direction, monomer and dimer-like configurations appear, giving rise to well-defined peaks in H(Sm). On the contrary, (100) nanowire stretching presents a different breaking pattern. In particular, we have found, with high probability, the formation of staggered pentagonal nanowires, as it has been reported for other metallic species.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urban river valleys are so important with regard to their benefits and functions, including air temperate, microclimate creating, landscape, fresh water supplement. Urban development over considering environmental issues, population density, constructions, solid waste or effluent discharging, especially in quantitative and qualitative river boundaries and land taking of their beds, are significant reasons to decline cities functions and ecosystems degradation. So, natural ecosystems should be restored and a thorough strategic planning is necessary for their conservations.  METHODS: With regards to managerial aspects involving ecological, spatial, economic, socio-cultural, and managerial- executive dimensions integrated management model has been recommended for Farahzad River Valley in Tehran city as a case study via Urban River Survey and Geographic Information System. Finally, effective and efficient strategically management plan was suggested by implementing SWOT, QSPM and Analytical Hierarchy Process. RESULTS: Amongst 12 identified strategies regulation settings, "correlation between green space and the surrounding park", and "preventing the increase of residential" and "the expansion of recreation" are prioritized as most significant strategies, scores have been calculated 5.616, 5.589, and 5.375 on QSPM matrix or 0.256, 0.192, and 0.133 by AHP method, respectively. CONCLUSION: in overall, systemically, multi dimensional and holistic decision of river valleys environmental management is a magnificent example that provides essential tools to urban planners. Environmental and ecological approaches of the model are counted as a main key of succession to sustainable development achievement and its advantage to other past studies.


Abstract : By the evaluation of seven single photographs of a thundercloud in connection with the data of the aerologic ascent, the following features of the cloud are determined: its shape (in calm air), maximal height, volume, position, movement and vertical velocity of wind, which yield the amount of condensing water the cloud is fed with. The latter as well as the clouds movement are being compared with precipitation as to time, position and quantity, known by local recordings. The shape and the way of expansion of the anvil roughly explain the local distribution of the vertical wind velocities, and by these, the relative local distribution of rain. It appears to be remarkable, finally, that this as well as two other thunderclouds originating in very similar weather situations, b ild up over an industrial town, which is located close to a river or sea. (Author)


Expanding
the single molecule detection, enabled by laser-induced
graphene (LIG) technology, for portable and on-site analysis, a dual
molecule system with a two-working-electrode architecture was developed
for ascorbic acid (AA) and amoxicillin (AMOX) detection, which are
currently used in aquaculture and persist as water contaminants. The
biorecognition element of each target compound was a suitable molecularly
imprinted polymer (MIP). The AMOX MIP was developed herein for the
first time and assembled by electropolymerization of eriochrome black
T (EBT). It showed a wide linear response from 50 nM to 100 μM,
with a sensitivity of −13.32 μA/decade. Calibration curves
revealed good squared correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.99) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 11.98
nM.
AA MIP was assembled according to a previous work reported in the
literature, displaying a linear response from 1.5 to 4 mM and a sensitivity
of 1.356 μA/decade. The developed dual-LIG device was further
tested in real samples and successfully applied to the analysis of
binary mixtures prepared in environmental water samples from a well.
Overall, the proposed device allows in situ analysis
of two different molecules and holds an exceptionally low-cost design
when compared to competing architectures in the literature, and the
fabrication method here employed offers the possibility of easily
adjusting the desired architecture on demand.


An analysis on a SKD 11 die steel plate which cracked during grinding has been made. Result showed that the crack belonged to quenching crack began at the thinnest area between the hole and the groove, and the crack was caused by unreasonable structure design and improper machine work.


Workshop Presentations W001 | Liver shearwave Paula King Abdominal/General Workshop 2A, March 28, 2021, 12:30 PM 1:20 PM Why would we do this? The first step is to understand the significance of inflammatory liver disease, so I'll touch on the ideas of the significant of Hepatis B and C and what it means to the life of a liver. As a great liver enthusiast this workshop would not be complete without moving through what a dedicated liver ultrasound provides. And then we can answer why we would want to grade Liver Fibrosis Join me for an enjoyable and understandable introduction to what shear wave is and where it fits in liver assessment and our routine liver ultrasound study. Hands on scanning will be a must for us all. W002 | TBC Prof Ricardo Palma-Dias Obstetrics Workshop 2B, May 28, 2021, 12:30 PM 1:20 PM W003 | Lower limb arterial scanning Michelle Peterson Vascular Workshop 2C, May 28, 2021, 12:30 PM 1:20 PM W004 | Sonographic assessment of the palmar wrist and hand Dr Michelle Fenech Obstetrics Workshop 2D, May 28, 2021, 12:30 PM 1:20 PM An overview of the sonographic relational anatomy of the palmar aspect of the hand and wrist will be provided. A demonstration of the sonographic assessment of the palmar hand and wrist structures will be provided. Structures discussed will include but not be limited to palmar sided bony landmarks and joints, aponeurosis, flexor tendons, muscles, retinacula and ligaments, nerves, annular pulleys, palmar plates. W005 | Tips and tricks for breast ultrasound Margaret Gockel Women's Health Workshop 2E, May 28, 2021, 12:30 PM 1:20 PM Everything you wanted to know about performing a diagnostic breast ultrasound. Your questions answered and real live scanning to increase your skills. W006 | The paediatric bowel, including the appendix Dr Tristan Reddan Paediatric Workshop 2F, May 28, 2021, 12:30 PM 1:20 PM Synopsis unavailable at time of publication. W007 | Dialysis Fistulas Andrew Chesham Vascular Workshop 2G, May 28, 2021, 1:30 PM 2:20 PM This workshop will provide a comprehensive evaluation of the arterial and venous anatomy in the upper extremity which forms a fistula. It will provide an overview of the different types of fistula. The haemodynamics that a fistula presents will also be discussed. The sonographic criteria used will be shown and an overview of the protocol required to complete a comprehensive evaluation will be presented. Workshop attendee participation will be strongly encouraged with all levels of experience welcome. DOI: 10.1002/sono.12257 Editorial material and organization © 2021 Australasian Sonographers Association. Copyright of individual abstracts remains with the authors. Sonography. 2021;8(S1):31–40. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/sono 31 W008 | The sonographic assessment of the shoulder the basics Part 1 Dr Michelle Fenech Musculoskeletal Workshop 2H, May 28, 2021, 1:30 PM 2:20 PM A basic sonographic shoulder protocol will be demonstrated including probe and patient positioning, dynamic assessment, and an outline of key static images to document the study. A discussion and demonstration of detailed areas of shoulder anatomy that should be understood and assessed will be provided, as well as tips on how to classify injuries and pathologies. W009 | 2nd Trimester heart and how to extend your views Assoc Prof Ann Quinton Obstetrics Workshop 2I, May 28, 2021, 1:30 PM 2:20 PM Synopsis unavailable at time of publication W010 | Carotid Ultrasound Susan Gibb Vascular Workshop 2J, May 28, 2021, 1:30 PM 2:20 PM In this workshop, Susan will briefly recap carotid anatomy as well as what to expect for normal and abnormal carotid duplex scans. She will also go over the most commonly used criteria to quantify a stenosis. She will then spend the reminder of the time live scanning, going through all of the steps in a carotid duplex scan explaining what to look for and what changes in the waveforms and B-mode images mean. Finally she will briefly talk through completing a worksheet for the scan and summarising her findings. W011 | Barriers to CEUS and how to crush them Prof Peter Burns and Martin Necas General/Men's Health Workshop 2K, May 28, 2021, 1:30 PM 2:20 PM Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a powerful, well-established, validated and cost-effective modality for the assessment of wide variety of pathologies. The most common applications are the differentiation of focal liver lesions, characterisation of cystic renal masses, evaluation of organ infarction, assessment of end-vascular aortic repair, guidance for percutaneous tumor interventions and many others. CEUS has the potential to reduce the use of CT and MRI and in turn improve patient safety as well as reduce healthcare costs associated with these additional modalities. So why is it that such a powerful modality as CEUS is still under-utilised in Australia and New Zealand and how is it possible that there are tertiary teaching hospitals where CEUS has never been used? Recent research indicates that the answer lies in various in-grained process-based, institutional and individual barriers including: the lack of knowledge on part of sonographers and radiologists, lack of support from radiologists, uncertainty about funding, lack of interest on part of radiologists, lack of leadership and others. Each barrier is relatively trivial and can be easily addressed, however, together, they may be overwhelming and discouraging to many practitioners. As sonographers, we need to take leadership on CEUS because ultrasound (in all its forms) is our modality and within our scope of practice. In this interactive presentation, we will explore how sonographers can advocate for CEUS, set up CEUS in their department and perform CEUS independently. It is time, sonographers viewed CEUS not as some enigmatic test reserved for the academic elite, but as an integral part of their practice along with other on-board imaging displays like color Doppler, spectral Doppler, 3D and elastography. W012 | The acute abdomen What am I looking for? Carolynne Cormack Abdominal / General Workshop 2L, May 28, 2021, 1:30 PM 2:20 PM This workshop will focus on scanning technique and image interpretation for a wide range of acute pathology in the sick patient, including small bowel obstruction, perforation, appendicitis, diverticulitis and portal vein thrombosis. W013 | Varicose vein/CVI scanning What the surgeons are interested in and how to effectively communicate findings Daniel Rae Vascular Workshop 3A, May 28, 2021, 3:00 PM 3:50 PM Synopsis unavailable at time of publication. W014 | The sonographic assessment of the shoulder the basics Part 2 Dr Michelle Fenech Musculoskeletal Workshop 3B, May 28, 2021, 3:00 PM 3:50 PM 32 ABSTRACT


The railway transportation as the main way to bring the material and goods from the mining area to other places would take the great coal transportation mission.The arduous working quantity and the complicated working environment would cause the vehicles easy to be damaged.Base on the actual data,a systematic analysis method was applied to the related study on the three factors of "the human-machine-environment",to the analysis on the each cause of the railway transportation vehicle damaged.A model was established with the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) to analyze and calculate the each factor.The weighting value was obtained.Then according to the study results,the modification components were proposed.The study achievements would have important practical significances to the vehicle protection,the production cost saving and the production safety protection.


A quasi-two-dimensional four-state planar model is proposed to study the Si(111)-(N\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}N) (N=5 or 7) surface reconstructive phase transition. Monte Carlo calculation shows that the model undergoes a first-order phase transition that results in the N\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}N structure at low temperatures. It also shows the onset of stacking ordering at slightly higher temperature than the critical point. By using the model, a natural candidate for the substitution sites of Ge atoms in the Ge/Si(111)-(5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5) structure is identified. The origin of the difference between corresponding reconstructions on Si(111) and Ge(111) surfaces is also identified. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.


Having a glance at the historical sites such as Bing Ma Yung, Great Wall, Forbidden City, watching movies of history about China, flipping pages of stories about ancient China, we can never deny that China was once the most powerful nations. Nevertheless, by the time we are soaking ourselves in these fairy tales, industrial revolutions in countries miles away awoke us: we are no longer the most affluence countries. Well developed private property rights and legal system has provided a superb environment for inventors. Industrial revolutions in UK have broken the dreams of many Chinese.


As part of the Marine Infrastructure Impact Assessment (MIIA) studies for the Khalifa Port and Industrial Zone (KPIZ), at Taweelah, Abu Dhabi, UAE, a submerged, offshore, multi-port, staged diffuser alternative was analyzed for several thermo-haline effluent discharge scenarios. The analysis combined a near-field dilution and mixing zone model (CORMIX 2), to analyze near-field processes, with a suite of two- and three-dimensional hydrodynamic and advection-dispersion numerical models (MIKE 21/MIKE 3) to analyze the far-field transport and fate of the effluents. For representative discharge configurations, after comparisons and calibration with experimental data, theoretical formulations and numerous sensitivity tests, the near-field model results were used to successfully validate the implementation of the diffuser into the two- and three-dimensional far-field models in terms of the source arrangement, effective nozzle momentum and calibration of the dispersion coefficient. The far-field model results for the thermo-haline plume dynamics were then used along with environmental stress thresholds for temperature and salinity, among other parameters, for different marine habitats to assess any potential impacts from the candidate port footprint geometries, outfall configurations and discharge scenarios. Optimization studies were conducted to determine the most viable layout and outfall configuration which represented minimal impacts to critical infrastructure and the marine environment.


The palladium-catalysed isocyanide insertion in 2-bromophenylthioureas results in the formation of 4-substituted imino-4H-benzo[d][1,3]thiazin-2-amines via C–S cross coupling reaction of the intermediate imidoylpalladium species. The investigations into the substrate scope revealed that whereas reactions of cyclohexyl isocyanide were successful with aromatic as well as aliphatic thioureas, reactions of all other isocyanides (except ethyl 2-isocyanoacetate) were successful with aromatic thioureas only.


The construction of high-level teaching team,for the promotion of teaching quality,improve human resources capacity-building of great significance.This paper analyzes content and features of the starting teaching team,teaching team building profoundly expounded on the role of enhancing the quality of undergraduate teaching,and to enhance the teaching quality of undergraduate teaching as the goal of high-level analysis of team-building measures carried out.


(57) [Abstract] furan nitrone compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds are disclosed. The disclosed compounds, analytical reagents for detecting free radicals, and are useful as therapeutic agents to treat a wide variety of medical dysfunctions and diseases.


Their first objection concerns our intserpretation of a "Catch 22," which, they believe, reflects literary insensitivity. Evidently, Frankfurter and Phillips define a "Catch 22" by substituting the words "rationality" and "irrationality" for "sanity" and "insanity." In "Catch 500," we embrace the more liberal definition offered by Webster; that is, "a paradox in a law, regulation, or practice that makes one a victim of its provisions no matter what one does."' 'Within this context, the theme of "Catch 500" neatly parallels that of Cutch 22. The professors' concern with semantics also leads them to infer erroneously that Nodari an equates the efficient market hypothesis with Modern Portfolio Theory. Nodarian is well aware of the distinction between mean-variance efficiency and the assumption that securities are priced efficiently, and he is well acquainted with the prodigious contribution of Harry Markowitz to Modern Portfolio Theory. Nonetheless, Nodarian does not embrace the narrow view that Modern Portfolio Theory deals exclusively with the efficient allocation of assets as prescribed by Markowitz. We do not understand why Frankfurter and Phillips assume a necessary incompatibility between index funds and the general concept of mean-variance efficiency. The one substantive issue that the professors raise confuses us. Frankfurter and Phillips assert that "Every student familiar with basic statistics knows perfectly well that the volatility of an average is smaller than the sum of the individual volatilities that make up for it." We assume that the professors intended to imply that the standard deviation of an average is 82 guments. 2 r 5 smaller than the average standard deviation of its components. Nodarian is well aware that this property holds, provided the components are not perfectly positively correlated, a provision that Frankfurter m d Phillips seem to have overlooked. Nodarian also understands that perfect positive correlation rarely exists among securities. Nonetheless, this entire issue is irrelevant to Nodarian's hypothesis. Nodarian never alleged that volatility would increase as one switched from a nonindexed portfolio to an indexed portfolio at a particular point in time. Nodarian hypothesized that volatility would increase over timesas indexing gained in popularity and that an indexed portfolio in 1980 might display greater volatility than a nonindexed portfolio in 1975. This hypothesis comports perfectly with the property of. standard deviation that Frankfurter ,and Phillips attempt to describe. Our point remains that indexing may increase volatility. In fact, one could infer that the important tradeoff implied by Nodarian's hypothesis is not between indexing and nonindexing, but, rather, between stocks and other asset classes. ". . . More bothersome'. . .," to Frankfurter and Phillips, is "Nodarian's statistical testing . . ." Nodarian never claimed to offer statistical verification of his hypothesis. He merely shared his observations with Numberbender. Nodarian's hypothesis rests on its rationality, not on empirical evidence. When sufficient data are available perhaps Nodarian's hypothesis will be validated. Perhaps it will be disproven. In the mean time, we offer it simply on its intellectual appeal.


We report on the roles of hydrogen dilution on the microstructural and optoelectronic properties of boron-doped nanocrystalline silicon thin films grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on glass substrates, through x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Raman scattering, optical transmission, temperature-dependent dark conductivity, and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) measurements. The grain size, crystallinity, absorption coefficient, refractive index, and conductivity are found to decrease basically with increasing hydrogen dilution ratio ΔH. The Tauc's optical band gap is found to increase with ΔH due to the quantum size effect. By the aid of hydrogen ion bombardment effect [J. Appl. Phys. 93, 1262 (2003)] as well as the hydrogen-induced annealing effect, the clear increase of hydrogen content with ΔH and the different hydrogen distribution from ERDA help us to elucidate the correlation of hydrogen dilution with the crystallinity and grain size. The argument has been furt...


Many basic problems cause the level of performance and service in PDAM Lematang Enim to be low such as low water discharge of the Enim River, polluted raw water sources, changing raw water conditions, distribution of water to people's homes that often experience congestion, turbid water and unfit for consumption. From the above problems, this study raises one problem in PDAM Lematang Enim, Muara Enim Regency, namely analyzing customer satisfaction with the services and products provided by PDAM. Previous research on PDAMs was quite widely conducted, but research on the level of customer satisfaction in PDAM Lematang Enim Muara Enim is still limited and has not been done much, so further research is needed to assess how customer ratings of PDAMs will be analyzed and can be a reference for PDAM Lematang Enim performance. The data analysis used in the study consisted of customer satisfaction index (CSI) analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis. CSI analysis was conducted to assess the level of satisfaction of PDAM Lematang Enim Muara Enim service users. The results of the CSI analysis will then be used to determine the factors that affect the level of service user satisfaction using binary logistic regression analysis. The results obtained from this study from 135 respondents who are customers of PDAM Lematang Enim are PDAM Lematang Enim in general has carried out operational activities quite well overall which has been included in the Satisfied category with a CSI value of 67.6075028.