Background: Rickettsial diseases are neglected, re-emerging vector borne zoonosis & increasingly considered as one of the most important causes of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). They are grossly underdiagnosed due to wide range of non-specific symptoms, low index of clinical suspicion, lack of widely available specific diagnostic tools, leading to significant morbidity & mortality. Appropriate diagnosis in early stages is therefore necessary to prevent fatal complications associated with this disease.
Objective: Present study was attempted to assess the burden of rickettsial illness by Weil-Felix agglutination test, among the suspected febrile patients, visiting a tertiary care hospital as well as to analyze the demographic profile & clinical manifestations of the seropositive cases.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted at department of microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College from March 2018 to February 2019. A total of 453 febrile patients of suspected rickettsial illness, irrespective of age and sex, were enrolled in this study. Serum sample from all the enrolled cases were then analyzed for rickettsial antibodies by Weil-Felix slide agglutination test.
Results: Out of 453 cases, a total of 260 (57.39%) showed significant agglutination by Weil-Felix test, of which 101 (38.84%) were reactive to OX2 (spotted fever group rickettsiae), 65 (25%) were reactive to OXK (Scrub typhus) & 13 (5%) showed significant titers to OX19 (typhus fever). Remaining 81 (31.15%) sera were reactive to more than one antigens (mixed reactivity). Seropositivity was higher among female subjects (142; 54.61%) & age group >15-30 accounted for highest number of cases (95; 36.53%). Positive cases showed diverse clinical manifestations like headache (55.76%), myalgia (50.76%), skin rash (10.38%), eschar (9.23%), oliguria (7.3%), jaundice (10.76%), splenomegaly (6.81%), hepatomegaly (7.30%) etc.
Conclusion: Rickettsial diseases should be considered as an important etiology of PUO & early diagnosis should be done to initiate proper treatment to prevent fatal complications. Though it lacks sensitivity & specificity, in a resource constraint area like Bangladesh, Weil-Felix test still serves as the cheapest initial diagnostic tool for rickettsial illness to guide the physician for further approaches.
Mediscope 2021;8(2): 112-121


This paper reports the results of a mixed-method study which was conducted to investigate whether Malay ESL learners who were, at the time the study was conducted, first-year Diploma in Computer Science students in a public university in Malaysia could improve their receptive vocabulary knowledge incidentally while reading silently in the classroom. A quasi experiment and a focus group interview were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. The following were the two main research questions of the study: a) What is the effect of focused in-class reading with writing activity on the students' receptive vocabulary knowledge at the 2,000 word-family level? b) What are the students' perceptions of these activities in improving their vocabulary knowledge? The study concluded that a short period of focused in-class reading and writing activity conducted consistently can improve L2 learners' receptive vocabulary knowledge. Although both the experimental and control groups showed significant improvement in their receptive vocabulary knowledge at the 2000-word level, the vocabulary growth for the experimental group was higher than for the control group. In addition, the participants perceived focused in-class reading with writing activity as beneficial in improving their general vocabulary knowledge.


Introduction: The current demographic definitions for diabetes mellitus have not cited gender nor accounted for the possibility that healthy menstrual cycles may be a protective factor for the development of Type 2/noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The ancient physician Vallabhacharya posits that the monthly cycle of menstruation rids the blood of toxins that may build up and cause disease and presents this as a reason for less prevalence of Prameha (Madhumeha/diabetes) in women. Aim: The study conducted as a meta-analysis of five clinical studies to observe whether a significant difference in diabetes occurrence exists in menstruating females and similarly-aged males, as well as non-menstruating older females versus 50+ aged males. Materials and Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted with data from a series of clinical studies conducted at the Outpatient Department of SS Hospital, IMS, BHU. The studies were done in conjunction with MD (Ayurveda) and PhD (Ayurveda) studies in the Department of Rasa Shastra, Faculty of Ayurveda, at BHU, Varanasi. Using different Ayurvedic dosage forms, in five different clinical studies, collected data included gender and age group as well as blood sugar levels. Results: The results of each of five studies revealed that the numbers of male patients are more in number. The numbers of females in the study of menstrual age were less than those who had stopped menstruating. Conclusion: The results support the Ayurvedic logic that the menstrual period is an effective physiologic occurrence for regular cleaning of the blood and proposed the male gender as a possible risk factor for diabetes.


Abstract – This chapter starts from the premise that a Masters course dedicated to Mediation should be clear about what 'cultural mediation' means in theory and in practice. As regards the theory, the chapter begins with an exploration of the meaning of the terms 'mediator' and 'mediation' both in terms of language mediation and cultural mediation. The competences necessary for successful Intercultural Communication (ICC) are discussed and a hypothetical organisation of competences for Cultural Mediators working with refugees is proposed, taking ideas from current inventories focussing on ICC. Two main areas are proposed: competencies based on Knowledge, Skills and Attitude; and also competencies related to Cultural Adjustment curves, taking the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity as an example. The article then discusses the situation in practice, focussing in particular on Italy, concluding with other scholars that the habitus of the cultural mediator is still that of a professional and personal 'zone of uncertainty'.


Objective To investigate the exposure levels,changing patterns,control status in the chief risk factors of cardiac-cerebral vascular disease in military cadres,so as to provide evidences for comprehensive prevention of cardiac-cerebral vascular disease. Methods By the epidemiological methods of the International Organization for Standardization,the exposure and control status in the major risk factors of cardiac-cerebral vascular disease in military cadres over 35 years of age from institutions or reset institutes of certain troops were analysed,combined with annual result of health examination. Results Exposure rates of smoking,drinking alcohol excessively,constitution of diet unreasonably,lack of exercises,hypertensive disease,diabetes,hyperlipemia, overweight/obesity,heart disease history were 31.33%,26.94%,42.61%,31.08%,44.98%,27.19%,54.39%,42.98%,43.48% respectively in the major risk factors. Many risk factors clustered in the same individual obviously. The control rates of hypertensive disease,diabetes,hyperlipemia,smoking,drinking alcohol excessively were 67.97%,50.23%,67.28%,36.00%,44.19% respectively. Conclusions The exposure rate of major risk factors of cardiac-cerebral vascular disease in military cadres is higher than in the national adult average levels,also the control rate of it is higher than in the national adult average levels. It is foundation and effective methods to prevent cardiac-cerebral vascular disease to strengthen comprehensive intervention measures which focus on health education and health promotion.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the physical and functional outcomes of the 'Ending Pyjama Paralysis' intervention in an inpatient geriatric rehabilitation unit.

DESIGN
Quasi-experimental mixed-methods design nested within the 'REStORing health of acutely unwell adulTs' (RESORT) prospective, observational, longitudinal cohort of geriatric rehabilitation inpatients study.

SETTING
Geriatric rehabilitation wards in a major metropolitan public hospital between June 2019 and March 2020.

INTERVENTION
The 'Ending Pyjama Paralysis' movement originated in the UK. Its aim was to encourage patients to 'Get up, Get dressed and Get moving' to reduce hospital-associated functional decline. However, the physical and functional benefits of this campaign have not yet been evaluated. The 'Ending Pyjama Paralysis' was adopted as an integrated intervention on two out of four geriatric rehabilitation wards. The two control wards received usual care.

MAIN MEASURES
Physical measures included the Short Physical Performance Battery, and functional measures included the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living and Lawton and Brody's Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, which were completed on admission and discharge. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyse the results.

RESULTS
A total of 833 admissions were included in this study. Of these, 512 patients were in the control group, and 321 were in the intervention group. There were no significant differences in both physical and functional measures between the intervention and control groups.

CONCLUSION
The 'Ending Pyjama Paralysis' campaign did not result in enhanced functional or physical benefits in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients in this setting when applied in addition to usual care.


The role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) for sustainable development, particularly in developing countries, has become a topic of debate among environmental, business, and economic researchers. In that context, we try to explore the compatibility and congruence of the business operations of MNEs vis-à-vis sustainable development in the developing part of the world. By using a multitheoretical framework followed with a multicase analysis concerning emerging and developing countries, we investigate how MNEs are addressing regional requirements of sustainable development where environment, local culture, and institutional mechanism are the key concerns. The adherence to evolving institutional mechanism over the years along with willful ethical steps taken by MNEs are found to be important in improving the state of affairs in the developing nations.


OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical features of severe head injury with nosocomial infection,to strengthen the prevention,control and management of hospital infection.METHODS A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 180 cases of severe head injury patients was performed,and the incidence of nosocomial infection,location,the prognosis,pathogens and other risk factors were observed.RESULTS Hospital infection were 70 cases(38.89%),respiratory system infection were 26 cases,urinary tract infection were 18 cases,digestion system infection in 12 cases,intracranial infection were 10 cases,others were 4 cases,120 strains of pathogenic microorganisms were detected,among which,Gram-negative organisms were 53 strains,Gram-positive were 47 strains,fungi were 20 strains,the risk factors included the age,low GCS score,preventive application of antibiotics,acid,hormone application for a long time and invasive operation(P0.05).The mortality in hospital infection group(28.57%) was higher than that in non nosocomial infection group(10.91%).CONCLUSIONS The incidence of severe head injury with nosocomial infection is high,which can increase the mortality.The prevention should be performed in accordance with the clinical features.


Optical tweezers can be used to trap, move, and rotate or align microscopic particles. Elongated particles are ideal candidates for alignment and controlled rotation; the behaviour of microfibres within an optical trap is investigated.


BACKGROUND
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a multisystemic inflammatory disease in children and young adults. The most notable complications of ARF are rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and sydenham's chorea (SC). There have been a lot of report about executive dysfunctions with children who have SC. Executive functions is an umbrella term that is used to describe higher-level cognitive functions. The aim of this study is to determine the executive functions of children with RHD. We evaluated executive functions in healthy children with the same sociodemographic characteristics as children with RHD.

METHODS
Our study was designed as a cross-sectional randomized study, including children with RHD aged between 12-18 and healthy controls. The difference between the patient and control group participants in terms of age, gender, education level, education level of the parents, family income level, and executive functions was investigated in our study. Executive functions including that Digit Sequence Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

RESULTS
30 cases control and RHD group were included in our study. The mean age of the case group was 14.73 ± 1.84 years. In our study, no statistically significant difference was found between the patient and control patients when the Digit Span Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Trail Making Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Stroop test had been done.

CONCLUSION
In our study, no statistically significant difference was found between the patient and control patients in all of the executive function tests. Thus, It was suggested that executive dysfunction might not develop in RHD patients before developing SC.


(54) PROCESS FOR PRODUCING LACTOSE-FREE (30) Foreign Application Priority Data MLK Oct. 3, 2007 (DK) ........................... PA 2007 O1423 (75) Inventors: Hans Henrik HOLST, Videbaek Publication Classification R Karsten Lauritzen, Herning (51) Int. Cl. A23C 9/23 (2006.01) C d Add A23C 9/00 (2006.01) orrespondence Address: 52) U.S. Cl. ......................................... 426/583,426/58O FOLEY AND LARDNER LLP (52) s SUTESOO (57) ABSTRACT 3OOOK STREET NW The invention concerns a process for producing lactose-free or substantially lactose-free milk, preferably without addition of water, and the product obtainable by the process. The WASHINGTON, DC 20007 (US)


The thrust of our colleagues' column on handling the problem of outstanding student debt through institutional accountability, borrowing limits, and extension of income-based repayment is only partially responsive to the causes of the student debt crisis. The central problem is that as demand for higher education increased, state support for public higher education declined. This put the private market for higher education at a distinct advantage, allowing the exploitation of some students by low-quality for-profit providers, and the exploitation of others via excessively high prices conflated with better quality. As a result, over time, a larger and more diverse population of students was pushed to take on federal student loans in order to finance their increasingly extensive and expensive postsecondary education. Labor market credentialization is a key factor driving increased demand for college. It is no longer possible to reliably obtain stable labor market status without at least some form of higher education. Employers have shifted the cost of training and qualifying onto workers, to be paid for with student debt. As demand for higher education credentials filtered to an increasingly nontraditional population, in terms of age, race, and family background, reliance on debt shifted from a marginal experience to a central one. While student debt used to be primarily held by graduates of expensive and elite professional programs, it is now held by a much broader group of people, including those who did not complete or even attend college. With that shifting identity came shifting economics: having student debt was once a mark of relative privilege; now it is a mark of disadvantage. Correspondingly, the perceived "pathologies" of non-repayment, default, and other forms of credit market distress have become more prevalent. Looney and Yannelis focus on one aspect of credentialization: the expansion of for-profit institutions. Public institutions have long been constrained by inadequate levels of funding, even before the Great Recession. This led them to be less nimble at serving historically underserved populations, but over time those funding cuts pushed them to become increasingly entrepreneurial—even adopting practices for which the for-profit colleges are rightly criticized. It is a bit ironic that the authors refer to "an emerging empirical consensus . . . that institutions themselves are responsible for the success or failure of their students—not the demographics or socioeconomic status of their students" without acknowledging the role of structural changes in the economics of higher education. Their claim is without much merit. Of the four studies they cite to buttress it, only the paper by Zimmerman (2014) even purports to establish a causal relationship between higher education and student outcomes. And, contrary to the way the authors characterize that study, it does not document heterogeneity among institutions, since it focuses on admission to a single institution. One study the authors cite elsewhere, Hickman and Mountjoy (2020), actually demonstrates the opposite—homogeneity among the causal effects of admission to a range of institutions in Texas, taking selection into account. The crucial fact of the student debt


Long before it was theorized, Ricard, Barber and Collins were engaged, without realizing it, in what has since been called a "performative ethnography," a mode of investigation in which the researcher does not consider selfdistancing from the object of study as a privileged mode of knowing, does not freeze or objectify it, in the positivistic tradition of the natural sciences, but relates to it in a dynamic and dialogical manner; one in which the investigator abandons the illusion of the pure, transcendental gaze, and accepts that he or she is part of, necessarily implicated in, the field of investigation, a role player in it. The very organization of the critical essays in the book, an organization? in which personal testimony alternates with analyses, and diary entries (by John Collins) with the personal reflections of other bandsmen, attests to the authors' sound intuition that the experiential, rather than being dismissed as belonging to messy subjectivity, is in fact integral to proper understanding and knowledge formation.


The one-step synthesis of the amide-functionalised tertiary phosphane 2-Ph 2 PC 6 H 4 NHC(0)CH 2 NHCO 2 Bz (Bz = CH 2 Ph), 2-HH, by condensation of the known aminophosphane, 2-Ph 2 PC 6 H 4 (NH 2 ) (1), with N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-glycine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) in THF at room temperature is reported. The new ligand 2·HH displays various coordination modes when complexed to a range of late transition-metal precursors. Hence κ 1 -P-coordination for 2·HH is observed in the complexes ClAu(2·HH) (3), MCl 2 (η 5 -Cp*)(2·HH) (M = Rh 4; Ir 5), RuCl 2 (η-p-cymene)(2·HH) (6), Pd(κ 2 -CN-C 12 H 12 N)Cl(2·HH) (7) and MCl 2 (2·HH) 2 (M = Pd 8; Pt 9). Treatment of 8 or 9 with tBuOK in CH 3 OH gave the bis-κ 2 -P/N-chelate complexes cis-M{2-Ph2PC6H4NC(O)CH2-NHCO 2 Bz} 2 (M = Pt 10; Pd 11) in which both monoanionic ligands 2·H - are disposed in a cis geometry. The related nickel(II) complex cis-Ni{2-Ph 2 PC 6 H 4 NC(0)CH 2 NHCO 2 -Bz} 2 (12) was prepared from NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O, 2 equiv. of 2·HH and tBuOK in refluxing CH 3 OH. Reaction of the piano-stool complex 5 with tBuOK in CH 3 OH gave the chiral-at-metal complex Ir(η 5 -Cp*){2-Ph 2 PC 6 H 4 NC(O)CH 2 NCO 2 Bz} (14), present in solution as two diastereomers. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of 14 confirmed the κ 3 -P/N/N'-tridentate coordination mode. Under similar conditions the chiral-at-metal ruthenium(II) complex Ru(η 6 -p-cymene){2-Ph 2 PC 6 H 4 NC(0)CH 2 NCO 2 Bz} (15) was prepared in which 2 2- functions efficiently as a dianionic tridentate ligand. All new compounds have been characterised by multinuclear NMR [ 31 P{ 1 H}, 1 H], FT-IR, EI-MS, ES-MS and microanalysis. Furthermore, the X-ray structures of ten compounds have been determined and reveal, in the majority of cases, a strong propensity for the -NHC(O)CH 2 NHCO 2 Bz group to engage in N-H···N, N-H···O and N-H···Cl hydrogen bonding.


The study aimed at identifying the using degree of staff members In the University of Islamic Sciences of the strategies based on knowledge economy. The analytical survey method was used, in addition questionnaire was developed as a tool for data collection. Members in the strategies based on the knowledge economic, the study was applied on all staff members (150) in the University of Islamic Sciences, the sample consisted of (120) person.
The results showed that the using degree of staff members in the University of Islamic Sciences of the strategies based on the knowledge economic in the aspects of teaching methods, and the professional competence of staff member was closed and high, whereas the aspect of students assessment was lower. The results revealed also that there are differences due to the sex variable in the aspect of students assessment favor to males, differences due to the variable of scientific qualification in the aspects of teaching methods and students assessment favor to master students, differences due to the variable of academic level in all of the aspects teaching methods, students assessment, professional competence of the staff member favor to the associate professor in teaching methods, and it wad favor to the professor in the aspects of professional competence for the staff member, and students assessment, it indicated also differences due to the variable of experience in the aspects of teaching methods, and students assessment favor to the category from 5-10 years, and favor to more then 10 years in the aspects of professional competence for the staff member, in addition to differences due to the variable of activities in the aspect of teaching methods to books authorship and favor to scientific seminars in the aspect of (professional competence for the staff member.


Insulin resistance model of 3T3-L1 adipocytes were prepared with plamotic acid.Adipocytes with generated insulin resistance were cultured with different concentrations of globular domain of adiponectin(gAd:250,500,1 000 ng/ml).The cell culture medium glucose content was detected with the glucose oxidase method,the mRNA expressions of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1),phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase(PI3K),and protein kinase B(PKB) were detected with real-time quantitative PCR method.The phosphorylation of IRS-1 was detected by Western blot.Compared with the control group,the experimental group showed significantly increased glucose consumption (P < 0.01),and with the increasing gAd concentration,glucose consumption was gradually increasing.IRS-1 phosphorylation was increased gradually with the increasing concentration of gAd.These results suggest that gAd can promote glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 adipocyte model with generated insulin resistance.This may be correlated with promoting insulin signal transduction and improving insulin resistance in adipocytes.

Key words:
Globular domain of adiponectin; 3T3-L1 adipocytes; Insulin signal transduction; Insulin resistant


Disclosed is a method and a device for determining the signal propagation delay between a position measuring device and a processing unit. The determination of the signal transit time by first a first position signal is determined with respect to the temporal relative position of the first propagation time measurement signal for the just transmitted data word in the case of an incoming first propagation time measurement signal during the transmission of a data word from the processing unit to the position measuring device. After completion of the transfer of the data word, the first propagation time measurement signal and the position detected signal are respectively transmitted as a binary data word to the position measuring device. On the side of the position measuring device it, a second position signal with respect to the temporal relative position of the arriving propagation time measurement signal with respect to a currently transmitted data word is determined. After completion of the transfer of the data word a second propagation time measurement signal and the determined second position signal is transmitted in each case as binary data word to the processing unit, and determines the time between the sending of the first propagation time measurement signal and the receipt of the second propagation time measurement signal to the processing unit. From the determined time period, the signal propagation time is determined (Figure 1).


As the Public Procurement Service announced the compulsory of BIM adaption in every public construction from 2016, the importance of BIM is increasing. Besides, automatic code checking takes significance in terms of the quality control for BIM based design. In this study, rule-sets were defined for Act on the Promotion and Guarantee of Access for the Disabled, the Aged, and Pregnant Women to Facilities and Information. Three analytic steps were suggested to shortlist the objective clauses from the entire code; the frequency analysis using project reviews for architectural code compliance, the clause analysis on quantifiability, and the analysis for model checking possibilities. The shortlisted clauses were transformed into the machine readable rule-set definition. A case study was conducted to verify the adaptiveness and consistency of rule-set definitions. In future study, it is required the methodologies of selecting objective clauses to be specified and its indicators to be quantified. Also case studies should be performed to determine the pre-conditions in modeling and to check interoperability issues and other possible errors in models.


Structural abnormalities in close proximity with the gallbladder fossa such as gallbladder duplications could be misrepresented as choledochal cysts, duodenal duplication cysts or gallbladder adenomyomas on sonography. We present a case of a ten year old boy who presented with a chronic abdominal pain of a three month duration and nausea and vomiting. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticoography (MRCP) was reported by radiology as a possible 2.7 x 1.7 x 1.6 cm choledochal cyst with high differential consideration for a gallbladder duplication. The patient underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy and a grossly normal gallbladder was visualized with no gross visualization of cystic biliary tree dilatation. The gallbladder was successfully resected laparoscopically following a meticulous dissection of the triangle of calot. Pathology showed evidence of a septate gallbladder with a common cystic duct and no evidence of cholelithiasis. The patient is two years post -laparoscopic cholecystectomy and remains symptom-free. Successful laparoscopic resection of a duplicate gallbladder requires a pre-operative diagnostic delineation of the biliary tree anatomy to rule out other possible differentials.


[Objective]To study the ultrasonographic and serum biochemical changes of liver damage of workers exposed to mixed benzene in low concentration,investigate the clinical significance.[Methods]110 workers(80 men and 30 women)exposed to low concentration mixed benzene(benzene,toluene and xylene) were enrolled in the exposure group. According to the similar constitution of age,length of service,and gender,110 healthy persons who have not exposed to mixed benzene were recruited in the control group. By the color Doppler ultrasonography,the exposure group and the control group received the routine liver ultrasound examination,middle hepatic vein diameter and frequency spectrum. And the serum liver biochemical indexes were detected. [Results]The detection rate of hepatomegaly,fatty liver,liver abnormal echo and abnormal results in hepatic vein spectrum in the exposure group was respectively 10.90%,16.36%,33.63% and 19.09%,which was higher than that in the control group(2.72%,7.27%,12.72% and 8.18%),and the differences were statistically significant(all P0.05). The serum biochemical examination showed that the detection rate of increased activity of AST and ALT in the exposure group was respectively 15.45% and 12.72%,which was higher than that in the control group(5.45% and 3.63%),and the differences were statistically significant(both P0.05).[Conclusion]The mixed benzene exposure injures not only blood system as but also liver.The workers exposed to mixed benzene in low concentration show significant damages in liver sonographic examination,middle hepatic vein spectrum and serum biochemical indexes as compared with the control group. The early ultrasound examination can discover the morphologic and hemodynamic changes of liver, and the serum biochemical tests can determine the hepatic functional change. The combination of two ways contributes to the early judgment of the liver damage,provides the basis and methods for early detection of liver damage and protection of health,which has the clinical significance.


The article is devoted to the history of yacht clubs on the territory of Belarus at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries. The author examines the conditions for their emergence, the main statutory documents, key areas of activity, changes in the social composition and place in the structure of urban leisure during 1895–1915. The article also presents attempts to create yacht clubs, reflecting the social demand of the urban population, but not implemented for objective reasons. Attention is paid to the transformation of these public organisations from narrow-profile elite clubs to the centres of cultural and sports life in the Belarusian city.


Abstract: The unconstitutional constitutional amendment doctrine has emerged as a highly successful, albeit still controversial, export in comparative constitutional law. The doctrine has often been defended as protecting a delegation from the people to the political institutions that they created. Other work has noted the doctrine's potential utility in guarding against abusive constitutionalism. In this article, we consider how these justifications fare when expanded to encompass claims against the original constitution itself, rather than a later amendment to the text. That is, beyond the unconstitutional constitutional amendment doctrine, can or should there be a doctrine of an unconstitutional constitution? Our question is spurred by a puzzling 2015 case from Honduras where the Supreme Court held an unamendable one-term limit on presidential terms, as well as protective provisions punishing attempts to alter that limit, to be unconstitutional. What is particularly striking about the case is that these provisions were not later amendments to the constitution, but rather parts of the original 1982 constitution itself. Thus, this article examines the possibility of 'an unconstitutional constitution', what we predict to be the next trend in global constitutionalism.


In the manufacturing process of the wafer, the positioning accuracy of the wafer automatic optical inspection (AOI) system affects the detection of die surface defect directly. Most existing error compensation methods generally analyze specific error or main sources of error and can improve the positioning accuracy in most of the applications. However, to fulfill the requirement of higher positioning accuracy of the wafer AOI system, in this article, we propose an error calibration method based on perspective mapping (ECM-PM), which only requires to focus on the total error of the system, regardless of the multiple error sources of the system. First, the error cause of the wafer AOI system is analyzed and the total error of the system is measured using the designed high-precision glass checkerboard calibration board. Then, the mapping model between motor coordinate system and checkerboard coordinate system is established. In addition, the total error of the system is calibrated based on the perspective mapping principle. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed method obviously decreased the total error of the system and it is robust to the parameter of different recipe motor coordinates.


Fish represents a major group of organisms which serve as hosts for many parasites, ironically, they are one of the leading causes of mass mortality of fish populations. Freshwater fishes are heavily infected with a variety of helminths. The present study was aimed to check the availability of gastrointestinal parasites of Wallago attu fish in local fish markets of Lucknow in relation to the length and sex of fish. A significant amount of parasitic infection, especially endoparasites helminthes, some cestodes, trematodes and nematodes were observed in the infected fish during the present study.  These parasites may cause great economic loss, hence adequate precautions should be taken into consideration to protect the great value of economic resources in the form of fish and aquaculture.


1. A method of producing a sand composition for use in hydratable cementitious compositions, comprising: (A) providing a plurality of manufactured sand particles having angular shapes and sizes of such particles, whereby the 5% -30% of said plurality of particles pass through a sieve of 75 microns, wherein said particles of manufactured sand further comprise clay such that said commercially manufactured sand has a methylene blue value of at least 0.5 mg / g; and (B) pretreating said plurality clay-containing particles of manufactured sand by mixing them, at least one polycationic compound, softening effect of clay selected from the group consisting of epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine and polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, wherein said polycationic compound, clay softening effect is used in an amount of from 0.01% to 0.5% by weight of the active substance of a polycationic compound to the treated sand mass; and (C) mixing the pretreated plurality clay-containing particles of manufactured sand with a plurality of particles of washed natural sand having substantially the spheroidal shape, and wherein the natural sand is washed to remove fines to the extent that at least 90 percent of weight of natural sand particles are retained on a sieve of 75 microns, whereby the ratio chastitspromyshlenno manufactured sand to the washed particles of natural sand lies in the range 10-90: 90-10.2. A method according to Claim. 1, wherein providing said plurality of particles indust


The majority of the non-European world was colonized under an international law that is known as the Doctrine of Discovery. Under this legal principle, European countries claimed superior rights over Indigenous nations. When European explorers planted flags and crosses in the lands of native peoples, they were making legal claims of ownership and domination over the lands, assets, and peoples they had "discovered." These claims were justified by racial, ethnocentric, and religious ideas of the alleged superiority of European Christians. This Article examines the application of Discovery by Spain, Portugal, and England in the settler societies of Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, New Zealand, and the United States. The comparative law analysis used in this Article demonstrates that these three colonizing countries applied the elements of the Doctrine in nearly identical ways against Indigenous peoples. Furthermore, the six settler societies analyzed here continue to apply this law today to restrict the human, property, and sovereign rights of Indigenous nations and peoples. This Article concludes that basic fairness and a restoration of the self-determination rights of Indigenous peoples mandates that these countries work to remove the vestiges of the Doctrine of Discovery from their modern day laws and policies.


Background: unintended pregnancy is an important public health issue in both developing and developed countries because of its consequence for women and their family, which includes the possibility of unsafe abortion, delayed prenatal care, poor maternal mental health and poor child health outcome. Objective: the main objective of this study was to identify the magnitude and associated factors with unintended pregnancy among pregnant woman in Legambo woreda who seek health care at Hidar 11 hospital. Method and materials: Institutional-based cross-sectional study that involved an exit interview was conducted from May 3-May 17, 2017 in Hidar 11 hospital in Akesta town, north east Ethiopia. A total of 319 pregnant women who seek health care were enrolled in the study. Random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were entered to Epi-Data version 3.1 and transported to SPSS version 21 for further analysis. Binary Logistic regression with 95% Confidence interval was applied to identify association between explanatory variable and the outcome variable. Candidate Variables with P-value less than 0.25 in the bivariate analysis was included in the multiple logistic regression analysis using backward stepwise method to develop model and identify predictors for unintended pregnancy. Then variables P-value of less than 0.05 was taken as significance. Results: The proportion of unintended pregnancy in this study was 24.8%. The most common reasons why they experienced currently unplanned pregnancy were not using family planning (41.7%), contraceptive failure (26.5%), due to husband desire (25.3%) and rape (6.3%), respectively. Women educational status cannot read and write [AOR=0.2, 95%CI: 0.033-0.909], husband child desire [AOR=163.8, 95% CI: 17.939-1495.812], had less than three antenatal care follow up visits previously [AOR= 10, 95% CI: 1.747-60.021] and Women who never used any modern method of family planning [AOR=0.2, 95% CI: 0.037-0.957] were independent predictors of unintended pregnancy. Conclusion and Recommendations: the proportion of unintended pregnancy in this study was found to be high. Efforts need to be intensified to improve the awareness about family planning in the community and expanding educational infrastructures which focus on striplings to significantly bring a change on unintended pregnancy.


A simple formal recasting of well known arguments concerning the ordering problems of General Relativity allows to obtain in such a context a Gr\"{o}enewald Van Hove like theorem.


The analysis of the degree to which natural and anthropic factors combine to determine the present situation and the progressive imbalance of Italy's shores is an instrumental precondition for developing a comprehensive intervention policy.


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to protection against computer threats, namely, to systems and methods for assessment of categorisation rule reliability. Method of recognition of the categorisation rule as a reliable one the following steps: a) creation, with the help of a means for categorisation rule creation, of at least one categorisation rule, which is used for training of at least one algorithm of intellectual analysis of data; at that, for creation of a categorisation rules use is made of files from the database for training; note here, that categorisation rule enables to determine the identity of the file, to which it is applied, to one of determined within the rules category of files; b) filtration by means of training algorithms of at least one formed at the earlier stage of categorisation rule, which is used for training of at least one algorithm of intellectual analysis of data; at that, the result of filtration is extraction of a set of categorisation rules, every of which splits multiple files for training into subsets of files corresponding to set within the rule rules categories of files, so that at least one such subset corresponding to the category of files is a uniform totality of files; at that, the uniform totality of files contains only similar files; c) training by training algorithms of at least one algorithm of intellectual analysis for further determination of a degree of reliability of the categorisation rule using a selected at the previous stage set of categorisation rules and totality of files for training, which includes at least one set of similar files; d) creation, using the means for creation of characterisation rule at least one rule of categorisation; e) collection using a means for statistics collection of statistics on use of at least one of the created categorisation rule; at that, statistics on use of categorisation rules represents information on totality of files of the category, which are defined within the said categorisation rule; f) determination with the help of a determining means of reliability of at least one degree of reliability of the categorisation rule based on statistics of categorisation rule using one algorithm of intellectual analysis of data; g) acception, with the help of the rule for determination of reliability, of the categorisation rule as reliable if a combination of degrees of reliability of the rules defined at step d), exceeds the set numeric threshold. EFFECT: automation of analysis of reliability of a categorisation rule based on comparing the combination of degrees of reliability of the categorisation rule with the set numerical threshold. 12 cl, 5 dwg


This is a preliminary report on the use of de-natured gelatin for biochemical tests by saturating it with solutions of substances to be tested.


We define trans-Sasakian Finsler manifold $\bar{F}^{2n+1}=(\mathcal{\bar{N}}, \mathcal{\bar{N^{\prime }}}, \bar{F})$ and semi-invariant submanifold $F^{m}=(\mathcal{N}, \mathcal {N^{\prime }}, F)$ of a trans-Sasakian Finsler manifold $\bar{F}^{2n+1}$. Then we study mixed totally geodesic and totally umbilical semi-invariant submanifolds of trans Sasakian Finsler manifold.


It has been reported previously [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 41, 1584(A) (1967)] that several subharmonic frequencies can be produced in an acoustical Fabry‐Perot cavity. Although it can be shown from the nonlinear wave equations that one progressive acoustic wave cannot parametrically amplify another progressive wave except in one special case, a frequency‐dependent phase shift at the reflector of the cavity may permit amplification to occur for many frequencies. The frequencies whose phase shifts are important are the amplified or signal frequency, and the sum and difference frequencies of the signal and pump waves. [This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research.]


For Theorems 4.2 and 4.3 we reduce our problem to the MinRep, problem, originally defined by (Kortsarz, 2001). MinRep is a variant of the better studied label cover problem (Dinur & Safra, 2004) and has been integral to recent hardness of approximation results in network design problems (Dinitz et al., 2012; Bhattacharyya et al., 2012). Roughly, Min-Rep asks how to assign as few labels as possible to nodes in a bipartite graph such that every edge is "satisfied."


The present invention is stable to aging, organic peroxidase acid; And aqueous combinations thereof, and the use of such composition that the viscosity of the composition containing one or more thickeners in a concentration of about to be more than 100mPa · s, and specifically relates to a disinfectant and / or use as a disinfectant.


An introduction to the field of activation and functionalization of C-H bonds by solution-phase transition- metal-based systems is presented, with an emphasis on the activation of aliphatic C-H bonds. The focus of this chapter is on stoichiometric and catalytic reactions that operate via organometallic mechanisms, i.e., those in which a bond is formed between the metal center and the carbon undergoing reaction


In order to remain competitive while facing globalization and industrial revolution 4.0 many of universities have to made significant change to improve their quality of education services. Lecturers as the human capital played an important role to remain competitive. Lecturers' performance become the key success factor within education services. Lecturers may unable to reach their full potential due to several problem such as their organizational relationship issues, workload issues in which trigger job stress and job satisfaction. This research aimed to recommend the success factors optimize lecturers' performance.

Keywords: Higher Institution, Job Satisfaction, Job Stress, Lecturers' Performance, Quality of Organizational Relationships.


The reversible addition of hydrogensulfite to benzaldehydes was employed as the basic reaction type for the construction of a new kind of hydrogensulfite sensor. The membrane of the sensor consists of plasticized PVC, electrically neutral, lipophilized benzaldehyde compounds, and a basic chromoionophore. The coextraction of a proton together with the monovalent analyte ion into the membrane is accompanied by a change in the absorption spectrum due to protonation of the chromoionophore. Hence, an optical transduction in the visible range is achievable. A mathematical formalism is discussed that accounts for the dependence of the sensor response on the properties of the membrane


In the summer of 2006,a large-scale outbreak of highly pathogenic PRRS in China was reported.To fully understand the knowledge of highly pathogenic PRRSV epidemiology and the extent of genetic diversity in China,we analysed 474 samples obtained from 19 provinces using RT-PCR assay.294 samples of them were positive.Subsequent sequencing of the PCR products from Nsp2 and ORF5 and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all positive strains are highly homologous to each other,may have evolved from the same ancestor.Moreover,they were most similar to HB-1.At the same time,we observed a unique molecular hallmark in these viral isolates,a discontinuous deletion of 30 amino acids in nonstructural protein 2(Nsp2).


Petroleum oils have been used in agriculture for about 100 years. They are contact insecticides that interfere, physically rather than chemically, with respiration. They affect only insects present at the time of application, those migrating to a treated plant will not be affected by oil residues. Oils continue to be the best available pesticides to control scales, mites, plant bugs, psyllids and certain moths in the dormant or semi-dormant season, and are competitors of the synthetic organic insecticides (also petro chemicals) for use on trees in the verdant condition. Horticultural oils like other insecticides must be formulated with a surfactant or emulsifying agent so that it can be diluted with water.


Background: Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been reported as highly prevalent in literature. Our objective was to assess the perceptions, attitudes and practices of Indian physicians regarding use of CAM in ASD.Methods: An online survey was emailed to pediatricians, developmental pediatricians, pediatric neurologists and psychiatrists. We had 417 respondents, 78% being primary-care pediatricians. Descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: Of 417 respondents, 75% physicians were unaware or minimally aware of the risks and benefits of CAM. 60% of pediatricians rarely or did not ask families about their use of CAM, and 57% felt that families too do not bring up CAM. 67% of pediatricians felt that less than 25% of their patients used CAM, though 50% regularly prescribed nutritional supplements to children with ASD. Pediatricians reported either not offering an opinion or referring to a specialist for questions about GFCF (83%), stem-cell transplant (69%), hyperbaric oxygen (71%) and ayurveda or homeopathic remedies (49%). Lack of ASD-specific intervention services, time, training and practice guidelines were perceived as barriers to care. 97% physicians desired autism training, while 81% also desired CAM training.Conclusions: Most pediatricians perceive use of CAM in ASD to be lower than reported and do not discuss or opine on CAM modalities with families of children with ASD, possibly due to inadequate doctor-patient communication and limited awareness and knowledge about CAM in ASD, underscoring need for capacity building in this area.


This study describes the Schengen Information System and its implementation in France, Germany, and the Netherlands, and the availability of effective remedies for third-country nationals.


Nonsmooth effects arise in a multitude of mechanical models. Frequently, processes that provide sudden changes of the physical regime can only be adequately described by nonsmooth mathematical models, including variational inequalities or differential inclusions. Among others, examples are elasto-plastic deformation, frictional contact problems, fracture and cracks, damage, and shape memory alloys. From a mathematical point of view, such models feature several challenges, in particular when it comes to optimization. With the present special issue of GAMM-Mitteilungen entitled Nonsmooth Models in Continuum Mechanics – Analysis and Optimization, we aim to highlight recent trends in this very active field of applied mathematics. The first four contributions address the analysis of specific non-smooth mechanical applications such as shape memory alloys (M. Frémond et al.), cracks in composite materials (L. Lauerbach et al.), phase field fracture models (M. Thomas et al.), and Signorini contact problems (C. Christof et al.). These contributions demonstrate the variety of analytical concepts that typically are needed to analyze advanced models from materials sciences. We only mention here Γ-convergence arguments, the interplay of weak convergence concepts and nonlinearities and fine properties of functions from Sobolev spaces or spaces of bounded variations. Concerning the optimization and optimal control of nonsmooth mechanical systems, particular challenges arise from the non-differentiability of the solution maps associated with the respective models. The survey paper of J. C. de los Reyes illustrates this effect on the basis of variational inequalities of the second kind. Similar difficulties also arise in models described in terms of variational inequalities of the first kind (C. Christof et al., F. Harder et al.) or non-smooth partial differential equations (L. Susu). This emerging field of applied mathematics still provides plenty of challenging open problems, both from a theoretical point of view as well as from an optimization perspective. We only mention existence and uniqueness results for non-smooth evolutions with non-convex energies or the derivation of rigorous optimality conditions for the optimal control of variational inequalities.


The ichthyofauna was investigated at 2 sites (Nairogo and Telaw) around coastal area coexisting mangrove forest and coral reef in Viti Levu Island, Fiji. A total of 1, 175 individuals of 65 species belonging to 19 families were recorded. The ichthyofauna was characterized by larger individuals and species numbers of coral-associated and/or planktophagous species. Although number of species was greater at the site where the coral coverage and water visibility were higher, density (/100m2) was similar between the sites. Fish density in this study area might be affected by the water visibility, and the distribution patterns of live coral and food resources for fishes.


A 2 ½-year old boy in presented with a history of purulent otitis media and cutaneous abscesses in the frontal and occipital region since one year prior to admission. Later, hepatosplenomegaly, adenopathies and skin lesions developed. X-rays showed osteolysis of the skull over the abscess and military image of the lungs as well as a small lytic defect in the proximal left humerus. With respect to the high occurrence of Tuberculosis in this country an antituberculosis therapy was started without any noticeable effect. A skin biopsy revealed histiocytosis X and in cultures from abscesses grew Salmonella typhi B. Thus, Letterer-Siwe's disease was diagnosed on which a Salmonella infection was superimposed mimicking miliary Tuberculosis.


Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) is a well known technique in the area of airborne radars, which is used to detect weak target returns embedded in strong ground Clutter, Jammers, and receiver Noise. STAP has the unique property of compensating for the platform motion induced Doppler spread, thus making detection of slow targets possible. But there are other problems resulting from the characteristics of the airborne radar that may limit the performance of detection of the radar, for instance, the ambiguities (Range or Doppler ambiguities) which are dependent on the value of the pulse repetition frequency (PRF). When PRF is high, range ambiguities appear; when Corresponding author: B. Aı̈ssa (email@example.com).


The combination of λ-calculus (LC) and term rewriting systems (TRS) has attracted attention not only from the area of programming language design, but also from the rapidly evolving field of theorem provers. It is well-known by now that type disciplines provide an environment in which rewrite rules and β-reduction can be combined without loss of their useful properties. This is supported by a number of results for a broad range of type systems [11, 12, 20, 7, 8, 5]. In this paper we study the combination of LC and TRS as a basis for the design of a programming language. The type systems à la Curry, also called type inference or type assignment systems, are the most interesting ones from this point of view, since they save the programmer from specifying a type for each variable (no type annotations are required). Type assignment disciplines have been widely studied in the context of the LC, and some work has also been done for TRS, more precisely, for Curryfied TRS (CuTRS) [6] which are first-order TRS with application, that correspond to the TRS that underlie the programming language Clean [26]. The interactions between LC and TRS in the context of type assignment were first studied in [5], where CuTRS extended with λ-abstraction and β-reduction were defined, together with a notion of intersection type assignment for both the LC and the TRS fragments. Other important features of a type system for a programming language are polymorphism, that is, the possibility of using the same program with arguments of different types, and the existence of principal types, that is, a type from which all the other types of the term can be derived. The type system of ML has the three properties above, i.e., it is a polymorphic type inference system with principal types, but its polymorphism is limited (some programs that arise naturally cannot be typed). System F [18] provides a much more general notion of


Ih\frcrcf - A n algorithm na5 de\eloped for coinpiiter-aided analysis of interfeionietric fringe pat-tcini; 11-hicli relate to tlie instantaneous pressure corf-firit lit hclds of unsteady aerod) iiaiiiic flows Fringe criitrrlirie\ are extracted bj locating intensit> es-tiwia in the image. Edge detection usiiig a dual iold 15 tiiiployed as a guide for approximately np the estreiiia and data smoothing via Cheby-q approximation is used to unanibigu- ou.1~ locate tlie extrema Quantitative pressure coef-ficient tliscrihutions result from the procedure.


This study sought to determine the influence of fraud risk management practices in commercial banks and their effect on fraud risk exposure. The main objective was to find the combined effect of fraud risk management practices; fraud prevention and fraud detection on fraud risk incidence in Commercial banks in Kenya. This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population was all the 43 Commercial banks operating in Kenya while stratified random sampling was used to determine the sample from which data was collected. Due to the sensitivity of the subject matter and the confidentiality nature of the banking information, convenience sampling method was used in arriving at the respondents from thirty sampled commercial banks. The study used a questionnaire and interview to obtain primary data. The collected data was organised, sorted, coded and input into SPSS software which was used to generate statistics and used to make conclusions and generalizations. Descriptive statistical methods and frequencies were employed to analyze the data. The results of the study found that Kenyan commercial banks were applying several fraud risk detection methods and prevention methods to control existing fraud risks. It was found that real time gross settlement related fraud risk was happening with a very high extent. Unapproved loans were also found to be contributing to fraud risk with a high extent. Other areas with moderate, high to very high occurrence were cheque kitting, account opening, computer fraud and credit cards. The fraud risks with small occurrence or none at all were; fund diversion, cheque kitting, account opening, counterfeit securities, money transfer, letters of credit, computer fraud, credit cards, debit cards and waiver of interest. The regression analysis found that the fraud detection methods and prevention methods led to a negative change in fraud types and vice versa. In terms of p-value, both independent variables are not significant in influencing fraud risk types and hence not significant in explaining fraud risk management among Kenyan commercial banks. Information sharing on fraud matters should be encouraged. There have been instances where banks have suffered loss from the same group of fraudsters due to poor information sharing mechanisms. The commercial banks in Kenya should approach the issue of fraud risk as a sector and not as individual banks.


The development of the in information world, especially in the eld of computers felt by many people as a very fast development. With the forward thinking of peo- ple now days, computers from the smallest to the largest types, are used to support a great number af activities in almost all kinds of human life, such as expanding aspects a wide variety of entertaining 2D and 3D computer games. Same of the games are nows built in mobile phones. With such an interest display and some music added in the appli- cation, this game can come out to be entertaining and can eliminate boredom at leisure. The research method used is the literary study by collecting data and information from text books, the internet, and scienti c journals related to game programming and game building in mobile phone us- ing J2ME. The data collected can then be made to design the interface of the programs and the program algorithms, the navigation structure and the storyboards to set the  ow of this application, in order to ensure that the game  ows samoothy. With such an intersty display and some music added in the applications, this game can come out to be entertaining and can eliminate boredom at leisure.. Daftar Pustaka (2003 - 2009)


Real-coded Genetic Algorithms (RCGA) attract attention as numerical optimization methods for nonlinear systems. One of the crossover operators for RCGA called unimodal normal distribution crossover (UNDX) has shown good performance in optimization of various functions including multi-modal ones and benchmark functions with epistasis among parameters (Ono and Kobayashi, 1997). The UNDX generates new population lie on some ponds or along some valleys in order to focus the search on promising areas from a viewpoint of searching efficiency. Especially when the function has epistasis among parameters, namely valleys that are not parallel to coordinate axis, the UNDX can efficiently optimize it. Simple GA is one of the well-known generation alternation models, however, it has two problems. One is early convergence in the fast stage of search and the other is evolutionary stagnation in the last stage of it. A new generation alternation model called minimal generation gap (MGG) was proposed to overcome the above problems (Sato et al., 1997, Ono et al., 2000). The MGG has all advantages of convention models and the ability of avoiding the early convergence and suppressing the evolutionary stagnation.


We compared the growth rates of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex P. Silva and Kappaphycus striatum (Schmitz) Doty, both, in vitro under different conditions of light and temperature, and in the sea. Temperature was the most important factor controlling the growth of both species, in vitro and in the field. In the sea there was a clear seasonal pattern in growth rate, attributed to temperature and salinity variation. The lower growth rates were registered in winter and spring, and the highest in summer and autumn months for both species. Based on growth rate in the field, and the production of viable tetraspores during the summer in Kappaphycus striatum, we conclude that is more profitable, and ecologically safer, to only continue with the introduction program of Kappaphycus alvarezii.


For large-scale face recognition applications using image sets, the images of the query set typically lie in compact regions surrounded by a diffuse sea of images of the gallery set. In this study, we propose a fast and accurate method to approximate the distances from gallery images to the region spanned by the query set for large-scale applications. To this end, we propose a new polyhedral conic classifier that will enable us to compute those distances efficiently by using simple dot products. We also introduce one-class formulation of the proposed classifier that can use query set examples only. This makes the method ideal for real-time applications since testing time approximately becomes the independent of the size of the gallery set. One-class formulation is very important for large-scale face recognition problems in the sense that it can be used in a cascade system with more complex and time-consuming methods to return the most promising candidate gallery sets in the first stage of the cascade so that more complex methods can be run on those a few candidate sets. As a result, we strongly believe that the proposed method will impact future methods and it will enable to introduce face recognition methods working in real-time even for large-scale set based recognition problems. Experimental results on both small and moderate sized face recognition datasets support these claims and demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. More precisely, the proposed methods achieve the best accuracies on all tested datasets and we obtained improvements around 18% compared to the best performing rival methods on larger datasets.


arthroscopic microdiscectomy minimal intervention in spinal surgery. Book lovers, when you need a new book to read, find the book here. Never worry not to find what you need. Is the arthroscopic microdiscectomy minimal intervention in spinal surgery your needed book now? That's true; you are really a good reader. This is a perfect book that comes from great author to share with you. The book offers the best experience and lesson to take, not only take, but also learn.


The oil well's waxxing is the regularly problem in the process of oilfield producing,its appearing is the key facor whether the oil well can be produced normally,at the same time,it can influlence the attracting speed and the im- proving of the mining efficiency in reservoirs,so it lead to much new complex problem in attracting technology.there- for,adopting all kinds of methods to solve the problem of oil well's waxxing is the essential mean to sure the high out- put,stable output,and fairly mining efficiency.


Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) is a powerful tool for characterizing materials. One method for characterization of materials by STEM is the comparison of simulated and experimental images, which can help identify the physical mechanism behind different contrast features. The presence of thermal noise represents a challenge for a direct comparison of simulated and experimentally obtained 4D-STEM images. Thermal noise arises because the captured image is the sum of contributions from many different electrons, each of which have passed through the sample. Each electron that interacts with the sample sees atoms approximately frozen in a random but correlated con-figuration; each electron samples a different atomic configuration and thus sees a modified electrostatic lattice potential [1]. In the past, the frozen phonon model has been used to simulate this thermal noise [2]. This model entails treating each atom as an independent Simple Harmonic Oscillator (SHO) with three orthogonal degrees of freedom, and generating multiple images for randomly sampled positions on the distribution for these oscillators, followed by averaging these images. This approach has the downside of requiring multiple simulation loops to produce a single image. Therefore, development of an algorithm that allows for inclusion of this thermal noise without requiring multiple simulation loops is desirable.


Abstract : The Drug War in Mexico has claimed over 50,000 lives to date and the violent acts continue to occur. This study uses the case studies of the border regions of Colombia and Afghanistan to explore the factors that contribute to violence, specifically; permissive borders, illicit corridors, and interconnected economic networks. This study seeks to examine the factors that contribute to the spread of violence, and in so doing identify the key elements crucial to a comprehensive U.S. strategy to contain the violence and eliminate the factors that cause it.


Relative changes in polymerization activity of ethylene, propylene, and butene-1 in Ziegler-Natta polymerization were compared by use of TiCl3 samples contaminated with O2 and H2O to various extents. Catalyst depletion varied for the three monomers which supported the existence of different active centers. In butene-1 polymerizations with the system Al(C2H5)2Cl–TiCl3, the formation of active centers involves an irreversible and a reversible (adsorption) reaction, the former pertaining to the formation of Al(C2H5)Cl2 and dependent upon the purity of the TiCl3. The kinetic treatment of the rate curves suggests a mixed order of catalyst deactivation and again points to the importance of Al(C2H5)Cl2.


For long, the distribution sector has been suffering from low efficiency and high losses, mainly due to high commercial losses, maintenance problems, overloading of the network, etc. This has led to frequent electricity failures, voltage fluctuations, and general dissatisfaction of the consumers. In a recent interview, the BEE team spoke to two sector experts to get their view on the gravity of the situation and the possible way out. Excerpts…


The article considers the necessity of overlooking theoretical approaches and practical decisions during the specialists' training in the sphere of Physical Education and Sports. The author suggests the structure of module educational programme based on the competence approach to the subject «The selected kind of sports track and field athletics» for the third year students of Technical School. The use of module technology based on the competence approach is one of perspective directions in the formation of competence of teachers-to-be in the field of Physical Education and Sports.


Cover: detail from " Universal judgement " , fresco by Luca Signorelli (1499) in the Cathedral of Orvieto (Italy). 1.2 Setting the question 1.2.1 Introduction 1.2.2 The topics 1.2.3 The pessimistic view of human nature is widely accepted 1.2.4 The optimistic view of human nature is unpopular 1.2.5 The current debate on the origin of violence 2.3 Post-natal development, learning and cultural transfer 2.3.1 Introduction 2.3.2 Nature / nurture: not a scientific debate 2.3.3 Stereo information continues after birth 2.3.4 The nervous system does not develop uniformly 2.3.5 Higher brain functions are very plastic 2.3.6 Post-natal sensory input constitutes information for brain structures 2.3.7 Time is an important developmental factor before and after birth 2.3.8 Functional potentiality, congenital predisposition and behaviour are different concepts 2.3.9 Adult humans have no instincts


This article expands Simmel's classic concept of the "stranger" from humans to aliens as "cosmic strangers." It deploys this concept to the study of cartoons depicting human–alien encounters on Earth and on other heavenly bodies. An analysis of a small database of such cartoons shows that their humorous point is primarily derived from an incongruity inherent in the mixture of familiarity and Otherness in the representation of the aliens. Four principal types of such mixture are distinguished, and the different saliency of familiarity as against Otherness in the representation of aliens on Earth and on other stars is pointed out. The article thus opens an avenue to the sociological study of space travel humor.


In this paper is shown research of physical and chemical properties of sour cherry "Oblacinska", grown in Croatia. It is determined how use of plant protection products affects physical and chemical properties of sour cherries. Analysed parameters were: water, soluble solids, pH value, total acidity, reducing sugars expressed as natural and total invert, fruit size, damaged fruits, weight of 100 pcs. of fruit and weight of 100 pcs.of seeds. There were differences in physical and chemical properties of sour cherry fruits in regard of using solutions for plant protection.


Van der Pauw resistivity measurements were performed on samples of six different shapes: circle, square, two circular cloverleafs, and two square cloverleafs, and the measurement error of the resistivity due to contact displacement was determined. Earlier predictions for this error were verified for the circle and square, and two circular cloverleafs, although significant higher‐order corrections were found in all cases except the square. The three square shapes gave contact placement errors typically 10–100 times smaller than the errors in the corresponding circular shapes. All cloverleafs gave smaller errors than the corresponding nonclovered shapes, although this difference disappeared in the limit of large contact displacement.


Abstract : The application of holographic velocimetry (HV) to two simple water flow problems has emphasized the need to investigate further the delta z accuracy problem. Attempts to improve upon the plus or minus 1 mm delta z accuracy using spherical wave recording and direct processing led to the theoretical development of the spherical intensity equation and the accuracy enhancement provided by using spherical waves in the recording phase. It appears conclusive that the millimeter barrier will be difficult to break using direct processing. Assuming the in-line Fraunhofer hologram is no better in focusing than a thin lens, it is shown that the same limitation in accuracy exists for holographic reconstruction processing schemes appropriate to HV. Optical data processing techniques, although not researched to the degree of direct and reconstruction schemes, appear to offer promise for better delta z resolution. Two important exploratory experiments on the selectivity characteristics of optical matched filters are reported. (Author)


................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... xi List of Acronyms.................................................................................................................. xvii Chapter


Abstract : The ever-expanding utilization of electro-optical viewing systems (EVS) requires display simulation which validly depicts the contour or relief characteristics of terrain, rather than merely man-made objects on a flat surface. Such simulation will also be of great value in visual scene simulation. The data preparation techniques and computational algorithms of existing visual scene simulation systems using computer image generation (CIG) have been developed and optimized for man-made objects - hangars, houses, aircraft, carriers, etc. Earlier EVS simulation effort has used these techniques and algorithms. They are not optimum for terrain display. The effort covered in this report included preparation of simulation data bases from the digitized data prepared by the Defense Mapping AGency. Scenes were generated using several techniques for data compression. The General Electric CIG algorithm was modified to eliminate the constraint that faces be formed into convex objects - a highly artifical constraint for terrain faces. Scenes were generated using both visual and EVS processing. A radar display simulation system was modified to produce perspective displays, and scenes were generated from the DMA derived data bases. A comparative analysis of the radar approach versus the CIG approach was prepared, with a detailed definition of the constraints associated with the radar approach. Some of the simulated scenes were correlated with scenes from a movie made during a flight over the test area. Finally, an analysis concluded that scenes such as those generated can be produced in real-time by currently available CIG hardware. (Author)


Effects of optical reflection on transmission characteristics with conventional fibre (1.3μm zero dispersion) are examined using 1.55μm conventional and λ/4-shifted DFB lasers. It is shown for the first time that λ/4-shifted DFB lasers are superior to conventional ones in transmission performance with optical reflection. BER floor levels of λ/4-shifted DFB lasers are lower than those of conventional ones, and do not change for the reflection level of PC-type optical connector.


Criminalisation implied that the individual became liable to prosecution. The younger Christian laws of around 1250 decreed the criminalisation of the complete spectrum of extramarital sexuality for the entire country. Criminalisation led to sentences, commonly fines payable to the Church, sometimes also to the Crown. During the second half of the twelfth century, the number of crimes punishable by outlawry increased. It is to be stressed that there is continuity in the principle of publicity for the formalisation of betrothals and marriages in the legislation of the High Middle Ages and that of the post-Reformation period. One of the clear principles of the Reformation was that laws were to be derived from Gods word alone and improvements of and discussions on the post-Reformation laws were also made with reference to the Bible.Keywords: Christian Law; criminalisation; Middle Ages; outlawry


The primary aim of this study was to analyze and interpret some aspects of the process of organizational identification in a corporate field setting. Specifically, the study focused on how an individual's identification (or identifying) with an employing organization influences on‐the‐job decision making. Past research efforts have been limited by their treatment of organizational identification as a product or state, rather than as a process. The wider perspective on identification is well represented by Herbert A. Simon and Kenneth Burke, whose writings were integrated to provide a theoretical framework for this study. While this study neither examined the phenomenon of identification over time nor placed it in a clearly‐defined causal chain, it explicitly recognized identification as a continuing development involving many changes. The study employed two methodologies for the examination of identification in a corporate field setting: moderately‐scheduled interviews that produced largely qualitative da...


In the lab simulation process,based on the experience data,it improved the oil reservoir pressure and the driving energy by compressibility of CO2. It also reduced the crude oil viscosity and improved the mobility by viscosity reduction and extraction of CO2.


Recognizing information management as a critical issue, the Joint Commission has deemed it a core chapter in all of its manuals.


The general purpose of this collection of thermodynamic data of selected materials is to make property information available to the engineering community on chemical mixtures, polymers, composite materials, solid wastes, biomass, and materials not easily identifiable by a single stoichiometric formula. More than 700 materials have been compiled covering properties such as specific heat, gross heat of combustion, heat of fusion, heat of vaporization, and vapor pressure. The information was obtained from the master files of the NBS Chemical Thermodynamics Data Center, the annual issues of the Bulletin of Chemical Thermodynamics, intermittent examinations of the Chemical Abstracts subject indexes, individual articles by various authors, and other general reference sources. The compilation is organized into several broad categories; materials are listed alphabetically within each category. For each material, the physical state, information as to the composition or character of the material, the kind of thermodynamic property reported, the specific property values for the material, and citations to the reference list are given. In addition, appendix A gives an empirical formula that allows heats of combustion of carbonaceous materials to be predicted with surprising accuracy when the elemental composition is known. A spread sheet illustrates this predictability with examples from this reportmore » and elsewhere. Appendix B lists some reports containing heats of combustion not included in this publication. Appendix C contains symbols, units, conversion factors, and atomic weights used in evaluating and compiling the thermodynamic data.« less


We prove for a standard graded K-algebra A = R/I, where K is a field, R the polynomial ring K[x1,... ,xn], that, if I has a universal


Thank you very much for your interest in our article, "Effectiveness of incremental versus maximum bite advancement during Herbst appliance therapy in late adolescent and young adult patients" (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019;155:48-56). Martin and Pancherz evaluated the amount of bite jumping and mandibular incisor positional changes and reported moderate correlation between the amount of activation and change of incisor position, meaning the greater the bite jumping, the larger the incisor protrusion. In their study, the subjects were not homogeneous regarding growth period. The group was generally ( 70%) composed of patients who were in the prepeak and peak periods. The skeletal and dentoalveolar contributions to correction differ between adults and children after Herbst therapies. Because maturation has a vital importance to evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar effect of the Herbst appliance, we focused on the studies that included patients who are at the postpeak stage or at the end of growth. Ruf and Pancherz evaluated the treatment effects of Herbst appliance therapy in patients who were 15.744.4 years of age. The overjet correction was 13% skeletal and 87% dentoalveolar. Sagittal position of the mandibular central incisor within the mandible (ii/oLppogoLp) changed 4.49 6 1.71 after Herbst therapy. Purkayastha et al evaluated the treatment effects of Herbst appliance therapy in stepwise and maximum advancement. The mean age of their patients was 22 years. Mandibular incisor positional changes (Ii/ OLp-Pg/OLp) were 2.76 1.9 mm in the maximum group and 3.8 6 1.7 mm in the stepwise group, and the mean difference between groups was 1.1 6 1.8 mm. Statistically significant differences for lower incisor protrusion and proclination between groups were found only when these measurements were performed according to NB plane, but IMPA and Md1-MdOP measurements did not differ between groups. The mean differences between groups for L1-NB measurements were 3.09 6 5.64 and 057 6 1.16 mm, for IMPA 2.95 6 5.85 , and for Md1-MdOP 2.33 6 4.83 . The maximum pretreatment overjet for the maximum advancement group was 11.9 mm and the incisor proclination was 3.8 . These measurements were, respectively, 12.2 mm and 7.9 in incremental advancement group. Therefore, in the light of these findings, there was no significant relationship between the amount of mandibular protrusion and the amount of the incisor proclination for late adolescents and adults after Herbst appliance therapy.


1 A new method has been used to measure pK1 values of prazosin and idazoxan against neuronally‐released transmitter in the epididymal portion of the rat isolated vas deferens. The most reproducible results were obtained with a prolonged antagonist equilibration time (1 h). 2 Under these conditions the pK1 of prazosin was practically unaffected by addition of α, β‐methylene‐adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (10 μm) to desensitize purinoceptors. Addition of desmethylimipramine (DMI) (0.3 μm) produced a small, but statistically non‐significant, reduction. 3 The same method has been used to measure the pK1 of prazosin against exogenous noradrenaline. In the latter case addition of DMI (0.3 μm) and corticosterone (30 μm) together produced a statistically significant reduction in the apparent pK1 of prazosin. 4 The new method for estimating pK1 values shows that DMI itself acts either pseudo‐irreversibly or non‐competitively and may be reducing the apparent pK1 of prazosin. 5 The pK1 values obtained for prazosin and idazoxan against neuronally‐released transmitter are in good agreement with those obtained by other workers for the actions of these drugs on α‐adrenoceptors.


The paper is devoted to an isotopic classification of plane nonsingular real affine curves of degree 6 with maximum number of ovals (ten) and to the establishment of a connection between these curves and smoothings (nonsingular perturbations) of a nondegenerate sixth order singular point. Of 120 isotopic types admissible by known restrictions, 32 types are realized and 69 types are prohibited. It is proved that every smoothing of a nondegenerate sixth order singular point is the image of an affine curve of degree 6 under a homomorphism of the plane onto a neighborhood of the singular point. Bibliography: 28 titles.


Introduction. Secondary alterations of executive functions occur in brain injuries together with the primary neuropsychological symptoms, irrespective of the location of the damage and the affected neural networks. Such secondary alterations of executive functions in the presence of language alterations, which is the most frequent primary neuropsychological alteration, in addition to exacerbating the linguistic processing deficit, may be associated to multiple factors inherent to the brain injury or the injured patient. Purpose. To describe the secondary neuropsychological alterations of executive functions in elderly patients with low education levels with acquired language disorders and determine general factors of the injury and of the injured patient (etiology, location, time of recovery from the injury, age, education level), associated to such secondary alterations of the Attentional Control System. Patients and Methods. The study was conducted on 68 elderly patients with a low education level with language acquired disorders, of both sexes, ranging between 60 and 80 years of age. The executive functions explored included cognitive flexibility, impulsivity control and inhibition of irrelevant automatisms, with the Trail Making Test, the Porteus Maze Test and series of loops. Statistical processing involved a Distribution of Frequencies and Multiple Ordinal Regression. Results and Conclusions. The statistical analysis found secondary neuropsychological alterations of the executive functioning in the elderly patients with language disorders of the study that are associated to the location and the time of recovery from the injury and are irrespective of age, education level and etiology of the injury.


The soft coral Litophyton viridis contains the already known nephtenol and a novel cembrane diterpene whose structure has been established as 2-hydroxynephtenol. The absolute configuration of (-)-nephtenol has been demonstrated.


Examines the diffusion of change within one Victorian technical and further education (TAFE) Institute, which engaged action research to facilitate the implementation of e-mail technology.


Countries that depend on a single primary export for their foreign earnings are likely to experience sharp fluctuations in export earnings and their underlying wealth, because of the instability of all primary commodity markets. As part of structural adjustment, several countries have liberalized their trade regimes, so domestic producers are no longer insulated from international price fluctuations. This paper concentrates on the management of country-level consumption risk, and considers actions which the government might undertake to reduce the cost of that risk. The paper reviews the costs of export price instability, with some reference to the empirical magnitudes. It considers the role of conventional instruments, including loans, price stabilization measures, and futures contracts. Particular attention is paid to the potential use of futures rollovers for longer-term price protection, and the effect of production response on that protection. The paper also discusses"commodity bonds"and dynamic consumption smoothing paths and offers conclusions.


Virtual Reality platforms offer versatile means for the analysis and the improvement of motor learning, e.g., by providing appropriate multimodal feedback. We designed a VR platform that enables full-body motor learning of complex actions: Our intelligent coaching space (ICSPACE) combines a two-sided CAVE (front, floor), an optical motion capture system (MoCap), and a custom-tailored virtual reality motion pipeline. A self-developed low latency rendering engine visualizes a virtual fitness center, as well as the user's own motion mapped on a virtual character inside a virtual mirror. This character can be visualized in multiple abstractions, ranging from a stick figure to a high-fidelity human avatar. We generate the high-fidelity avatar based on our research on 3D scanning combined with template fitting to provide users with dynamic 3D clones. Additional to the direct feedback on one's own motion inside the virtual mirror, the intelligent coaching space enables us to apply augmented feedback strategies, such as dynamic error highlighting and supporting visualizations such as helping geometries. To this end a motion analysis component segments and classifies the performed movements and detects typical error patterns in real time. We identified these error patterns in advance during a collaboration with sports scientists and coaches.


In order to improving the performance of Cement-stabilized Macadam (CSM), analyzing the influences of its composition structure on performance, and then putting forward the gradation design principles and strong interlocked framework dense gradation (SISDG), laboratory test was adopted to verify its road performance. Result shows that CSM has the feature of the amount of aggregate above 9.5 mm, below 4.75 mm and 0.075 mm are more, while the amount of aggregate 4.75-9.5 mm is less, and the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of mineral aggregate with SISDG is increased by 8~14% comparing with mineral aggregate with the framework dense-graded (DSDG) presented in Design Specifications of Highway Asphalt Pavement (JTG D50-2006) gradation. Compared with CSM with DSDG, 28d unconfined compressive strength (UCS), ultimate UCS and splitting strength of CSM with SISDG are respectively increased by 6~12%, 8~20% and 8~15%.


A brief survey is given of how motoneurons and motor units are used for the gradation of muscle force during motor behavior. Basic properties of motoneurons and muscle fibers, including major kinds of functional specialization along the axis of 'fast' vs. 'slow', are reviewed. The principles underlying the rate and recruitment gradation of force are described, stressing that the properties of motoneurons and muscle fibers are matched to automate important aspects of the gradation procedure. Recent investigations concerning synaptically evoked changes in the discharge properties of motoneurons receive special attention, including 'plateau' currents and, under appropriate conditions, self-sustained 'plateau' discharges.


The case of Unilin——the tycoon of floor manufacturers suing Yan Jialong—— the Chinese floor manufacturer will begin a court session in Germany,which involves contentious jurisdiction,protection of the patent right,the standard of patent right infringement in European Intellectual Property.Besides,whither the Chinese floor locks infringe the Unilin's patent rights should be analyzed.This trial is also a reflection of the barrier to trade and cutthroat competition the Chinese companies are faced.


The effects of adding polyacrylic acid sodium(PAAS) in the anode to the charge/discharge performance and internal resistance of the battery were investigated.PAAS could disperse the slurry and increase the wettability of electrodes,the solid content of anode slurry rose 11%.The discharge plateau voltage of ZnNi battery prepared by adding PAAS was higher to 1.670 V,the cycle life was prolonged.When the addition of PAAS was 0.3%~0.5%,the capacity retention was above 90% at the 110th cycle when the battery cycled at 1.0 C in 1.400~2.100 V.


This paper describes the OpenDLib system by focusing on its document model, DoMDL, a powerful and flexible model that can represent multi-edition, structured, multimedia documents that can be disseminated in multiple manifestation formats. According to this model, any document can be associated with multiple metadata descriptions in different formats and include semantic relationships with other documents and parts of them. The paper discusses how OpenDLib exploits this model to abstract from the specific organization and structure of the documents – whether they have been submitted by the authors or imported from different heterogeneous repositories – in order to provide virtual documents that fulfill the needs of the different DL user communities.


Objectives:  Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) is effective for treatment of levodopa‐induced dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Medical or surgical procedures requiring electrocautery may require inactivation of the pulse generators to avoid damage to the lead or extension wire or possible reprogramming of the stimulators. This generally causes only mild and temporary disability. We report a patient with previously well‐controlled dyskinesias who had severe and prolonged dyskinesias following reactivation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) following an orthopedic procedure.


Novel photo‐aligned optical thin‐films, based on Rolic's monomer corrugation (MC)‐technology [1] are presented. The MC‐technology enables nano‐ and micro‐topologies on polymer thin‐films, including photo‐patterning of topologies. The new MC‐films enhance brightness, contrast and viewing cone of reflective LCDs and markedly improve anti‐reflection and glare of displays.


Monadic second-order unification is second-order unification where all function constants occurring in the equations are unary. Here we prove that the problem of deciding whether a set of monadic equations has a unifier is NP-complete, where we use the technique of compressing solutions using singleton context-free grammars. We prove that monadic second-order matching is also NP-complete.


The fine polishing technique, e.g. Chemical Mechanical Polishing treatment (CMP), is one of the most important techniques in the glass substrate manufacturing. However, mechanical interaction, e.g. friction, occurs between the abrasive and the surface of substrates. Therefore, latent flaws are formed in the surfaces of glass substrates depending on the polishing condition. In the case of the cleaning process of the glass substrate in which the latent flaws existed, latent flaws become obvious because glass surfaces were eaten away by chemical interaction of cleaning liquid. Therefore, latent flaws are the cause of decrease the yield of products. In general, non-destructive inspection techniques, e.g. light scattering method, foreign matter on the surface of glass substrates. Though, it is difficult to detect the latent flaws by these method, because these are closed. The present authors propose a novel inspection technique of latent flaws which occurred by the fine polishing technique, using light scattering method with stress concentration (Stress-Induced Light scattering Method; SILSM). SILSM is possible to classify and separately detect latent flaws and particles on the surfaces. Samples are deformed by the actuator and stress concentrations are occurred around the tip of latent flaws. By photo-elastic effect, the refractive index of around the tip of latent flaws is changed. And then, changed refractive index is detected by cooled CCD camera as the light scattering intensity. In this report, applying SILSM to glass substrates, latent flaws on the surface of glass substrates are detected non-destructively, and the usefulness of SILSM is evaluated as novel inspection technique of latent flaws.


In P2P based VOD system design,how to assign media data to multiple supplying peers in one streaming session is a core problem.This paper presents an optimal media data assignment algorithm ODTAP2P,which results in minimum buffering delay in the consequent streaming session.The proof of the optimality of the algorithm is given,and the efficiency is tested by experiments.The time complexity of the algorithm is similar with other known task assignment algorithm,while it can suitable in more common environment where no any special assumption.


Let T be a locally compact Hausdorff space and let C0(T)={f:T-->C|f is continuous and vanishes at infinity} be provided with the supremum norm.Let X be a quasicomplete locally convex Hausdorff space.Suppose u : C0(T) -->X is a continuous linear operator.By refining the method adopted by Grothendick in [6] and by combining the integration technique of Bartle-Dunford-Schwartz [1],are obtained 32 characterizations for the operator u to be weakly compact,several of which are new.The present method is so powerful as to deduce the isolated result of Dinculeanu and Kluvanek on the regular Borel extension of o-additive locally convex space valued Baire measures as corollary of the main characterization theorem.Also is included an elegant proof of the range theorem of Tweddle on o-additive vector measures.


There is a strong interconnection between the inland waterway transport and the cabotage navigation in Brazil. The main cabotage routes of the country navigate the Amazonas River by more than 1000 km before reaching the ocean. This paper aims to determine the capacity of one the maritime/inland waterway arrangement component, the Paranaguá port maritime configuration. More specifically, the capacity of its harbour approach channel, tuning basins and anchorage areas of receiving safely the vessels used in these cabotage routes, based on the application of the PIANC's Report n°121-2014


There are more than two hundred arbitral institutions in China. Some of them are active in the development of online arbitration system, such as CIETAC and Guangzhou Arbitration Commission(GAC). GAC, founded in 1995, is the second largest arbitral institution in China which accepts more than 4,000 cases a year. With extensive experiences in arbitration, GAC has conducted online arbitration procedures since 2007. Moreover it opened the whole process of online hearing to the public through the Internet. With this background, this article aims to support the development of online arbitration through the analysis of GAC practices. To meet the purpose, status quo, rules and procedure of online arbitration of GAC are outlined, followed by introducing nine cases conducted by GAC. The scope of GAC online arbitration is comparatively narrow and the institution is still under the government supervision. But the practices of GAC proved that online arbitration is fully admissible and effective under the current legal framework.


the Internet of things is an important part of the next generation information technology. Also it is a vital development stage of the "informationization" era. The internet of things can connect the traditional urban gas industry to the network information platform. By changing the mode of production, the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries can be finally realized. This paper analyzes the wireless meter reading and remote service, wireless network monitoring and management of the network of gas pipelines on users' side. In this way, it aims to introduce the scheme of network of things now widely used in urban gas industry in China. In the scheme, applying scientific means based on Internet of things deals with effectively control over operation safety cared by all urban gas enterprises. In addition, in big data era, automatic collection of operation data and management data is also realized through Internet of things nowadays, not only laying solid foundation for delicacy management in enterprise, but also providing opportunities for integrating resources, creating new business and finding new profit growth points in traditional enterprises.


The aims of this study werc to evaluate the effectiveness of German chamomile extract as a mouthrinse on the development of plague, gingivitis, pathological pockets and calculus in man to determine whether it can provide any benefit without the addition of other additives.Fifty adult volunteers participated in this controlied single blind cross-over study. The subjects used either German Chamomile or a chlorhexidine mouthrinse for 1 minute twice daily during eight weeks period. 2 weeks interval between each visit for motivation and reinforcement of application of the material Four applied indices (plaque and gingival indices by Loe and Silness), CPITN index by Ainamo and calculus index by Ramfjord were recorded at baseline, after each experimental period and at the last visit. The mean reduction in plaque. gingival and periodontal pocket depths were determined by using paired Z-test between each visit at P< 0.01 significantly lower for GC than for CHX mouthrinse. While for calculus index there was significant increase between each visit at P< 0.05 using paired Z-test and for all visits using repeated measures ~~ F-test at P <0.01.Using GC mouthrinse in a percentage of 1:4 appears to offer benefit in plaque, gingival, pocket depth reductions but with significant adverse increase in calculus index.