The neurexin (NRXN) family constitutes a class of membrane proteins ubiquitously expressed at pre‐synaptic glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals. NRXNs help maintain synaptic function and integrity through trans‐synaptic associations with neuroligins. Studies indicate that genomic aberrations play a role in mental disorders, including autism. NRXNs are expressed by 3 genes, each with 2 promoters corresponding to the α‐ or β‐NRXNs. α‐NRXNs differ from β‐NRXNs in their extracellular domain, which contains an additional 5 independently folding LNS domains and 3 EGF domains. Each LNS domain is structurally homologous to the extracellular domain of β‐NRXN. Neuroligins, α‐dystroglycan, neurexophilin, and the spider toxin α‐latrotoxin, are binding partners of 2 of the 6 LNS domains of α‐NRXN. Structural and functional roles of the remaining domains are unknown. By negative‐stain single particle EM we obtained a low resolution (~20 Å) structure of the extracellular domain of α‐ NRXN, providing a description of the conformation and insights into regions of flexibility. These insights enabled us to pursue higher resolution studies. From these data we present a model of the extracellular domain of α‐ NRXN that shows the structural arrangement of the domains, as well as the accessibility of known sites of protein interaction.


AGILE is a space mission launched in 2007 to study X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy. The AGILE team developed real-time analysis pipelines to detect transient phenomena such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and to react to external science alerts received by other facilities. The AGILE anti-coincidence system (ACS) comprises five panels (four lateral and one on the top) that surround the AGILE detectors to reject background charged particles. It can also detect hard X-ray photons in the energy range 50 - 200 KeV. The acquisition of the ACS data produces a time series for each panel. These time series can be merged in a single multivariate time series (MTS). We present in this work a new Deep Learning model for GRBs detection in the MTSs, generated by the ACS, using an anomaly detection technique. The model is implemented with a Deep Convolutional Neural Network autoencoder architecture. We trained the model with an unsupervised learning algorithm using a dataset of MTSs randomly extracted from the AGILE ACS data. The reconstruction error of the autoencoder is used as the anomaly score to classify the MTS. If the anomaly score is higher than a predefined threshold, the MTS is flagged as a GRB. The trained model is evaluated using a list of MTSs containing GRBs. The tests confirmed the model's ability to detect transient events, providing a new promising technique to identify GRBs in the ACS data that can be implemented in the AGILE real-time analysis pipeline.


Observations of a large and vigorous snowstorm with a UHF wind profiler were used to investigate the intensity of atmospheric turbulence and its relation to the vertical wind shear. Turbulence was estimated from the spread of the Doppler spectrum in the vertical beam of the profiler, after correcting for the contribution of the horizontal wind speed to the spread. Wind shear was computed directly from the measured wind profiles. Over the 24 h duration of the storm, shear values exceeding 0.02 s -1 existed nearly continuously in the lowest few hundred meters of the atmosphere and in a broad elevated layer that slowly descended from 4 km to 2 km. The pattern of Doppler spread in time-height coordinates closely resembled the pattern of wind shear, though a detailed, point-by-point comparison of these two quantities by linear regression yielded a correlation coefficient of only 0.4. Focusing on just the observations in the lowest few hundred meters gave a higher correlation coefficient. The Richardson number as a function of height and time was computed by combining the measured wind shear values with temperature profiles generated by a mesoscale numerical model. We found evidence of weak turbulence even in regions with Ri > 1, but a value close to the theoretical threshold of Ri = 1/4 separates the more intense turbulence from the weaker. Estimates of the turbulent energy dissipation rate, E, based on the Doppler spread, range as high as 500 cm 2 s -3 , the largest values being near the ground.


Monodisperse poly(styrene-b-semifluorinated side chain) block copolymers were synthesized by anionic polymerization of poly(styrene-b-1,2/3,4-isoprene) followed by the corresponding polymer analogous reactions. By controlling the block copolymer composition and the relative lengths of the fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon units in the side group, the effect of chemical structure on surface properties and the influence of liquid crystalline structure of the semifluorinated side chain on the surface behavior were evaluated. The composition of side groups does not greatly affect the as-prepared sample surface tension, but influences instead the transition temperatures of the room temperature liquid crystal phase. It was observed that the shorter fluorocarbon units (six −CF2− units) form a smectic A phase at room temperature. The critical surface tension of the SA phase is 10.8 mN/m, and the polymer surface undergoes significant reconstruction when immersed in water. However, when the fluorocarbon side chain conta...


The invention relates to a preparation method of phase-separation peacock blue glaze, which is characterized by preparing boron frit: grinding feldspar, quartz, calcite, boric acid, NaNO3 and Li2CO3 in a mortar uniformly, placing the mixture in a crucible calcined to 1260 DEG C in a high-temperature furnace to be melted for 10min and then hardening the melted mixture; mixing feldspar, quartz, Suzhou clay, calcite, talc, ZnO, boron frit, CuO, cellulose, sodium tripolyphosphate and CMC and fine-grinding the mixture until the grain size of the mixture is 250 meshes and adjusting the weight of the glaze slip to be 1.7g/cm3; and applying the glaze slip on the green body uniformly, raising the temperature to 1160-1240 DEG C, preserving the heat for 40-80min and then naturally cooling the product, thus obtaining the peacock blue glaze. The phase separation mechanism generated by melt in the glaze firing process is used for coloring. Few coloring oxides have higher coloring capacity and the stability is improved because of the envelope effect of microphase on coloring ions, thus forming the preparation method of the peacock blue glaze with low cost, high stability and few copper oxide coloring agents.


Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is employed to evaluate the environmental performance of the existing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management system in Phuket and compared with different possible alternative Integrated Waste Management Systems (IWMSs). The results show that the scenario comprising source separation of waste for anaerobic digestion and recycling plus incineration (with energy recovery) and landfilling has the least environmental burdens for all the impact categories considered. The study suggests a policy promoting source separation for the waste to be recycled and anaerobically digested including the application of landfill gas recovery for electricity.


Significant anisotropy in mechanical properties was observed in 316L stainless steel (SS) that was subjected to selective laser melting (SLM) to produce a hierarchical structure, composed of molten pool, columnar grains, and a cellular substructure. Such anisotropy was induced by the geometric relationship between the boundary of the molten pool and the tensile force. The in situ tensile test showed initial deformation rapidly occurred at the boundary of the molten pool, followed by strain localization, and a lower ductility was obtained when loaded in the longitudinal direction (perpendicular to the molten pool). By contrast, the deformation was significantly constrained because of the geometry of the boundary of the molten pool, and substantial deformation occurred in the cellular substructure during loading in transverse direction (parallel to the molten pool). Finally, the quantitative analysis revealed that the high-level strength was attributed to the high-density dislocations and the fine cellular substructure.


Abstract Bone tumours are a rare and often highly malignant entity. Early clinical diagnosis is the most important step, but the difficulty of detecting and assessing bone malignancies is in its radiological peculiarity and limited experience of non-experts. Since X-ray imaging is the first imaging method of bone tumour diagnostics, the purpose of this study is to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model to detect and segment the tumorous tissue in a radiograph. We investigated which methods are necessary to cope with limited and heterogeneous data. We collected 531 anonymised radiographs from our musculoskeletal tumour centre. In order to adapt to the complexity of recognizing the malignant tissue and cope with limited data, transfer learning, data augmentation as well as several architectures, some of which were initially designed for medical images, were implemented. Furthermore, dataset size was varied by adding another bone tumour entity. We applied a data split of 72%, 18%, 10% for training, validation and testing, respectively. To provide statistical significance and robustness, we applied a cross-validation and image stratification with respect to tumour pixels present. We achieved an accuracy of 99.72% and an intersection over union of 87.43% for hold-out test data by applying several methods to tackle limited data. Transfer learning and additional data brought the greatest performance increase. In conclusion, our model was able to detect and segment tumorous tissue in radiographs with good performance, although it was trained on a very limited amount of data. Transfer Learning and data augmentation proved to significantly mitigate the issue of limited data samples. However, to accomplish clinical significance, more data has to be acquired in the future. Through minor adjustments, the model could be adapted to other musculoskeletal tumour entities and become a general support tool for orthopaedic surgeons and radiologists.


In this paper we are going to by use of parallel algorithm on DNA level. Study the protein for match in DNA strands, and offer a new parallel algorithm called "kombat" for matching DNA strands in DNA protein level of speed –up to other algorithms such as linear algorithms that being nearer to ideal case and also compare the said algorithm with the number of different processors.


A finite or infinite matrix $A$ is image partition regular provided that whenever $\mathbb N$ is finitely colored, there must be some $\vec{x}$ with entries from $\mathbb N$ such that all entries of $A\vec{x}$ are in some color class. In [6] and [8], the notion of centrally image partition regular matrices were introduced to extend the results of finite image partition regular matrices to infinite image partition regular matrices. It was shown that centrally image partition regular matrices are closed under diagonal sum. In the present paper, we show that the diagonal sum of two matrices, one of which comes from the class of all Milliken-Taylor matrices and the other from a suitable subclass of the class of all centrally image partition regular matrices is also image partition regular. This will produce more image partition regular matrices. We also study the multiple structures within one cell of a finite partition of $\mathbb N$ $\cdot$


This study evaluated in situ the effects of bioactive agents on enamel whitened with hydrogen peroxide at 37.5%, using Knoop microhardness (KHN) and ion chromatography (IC). We selected25 third  human molars included were fragmented (3x3x3 mm). Five volunteers were selected and had five specimens attached to the buccal surface of their upper and lower molars. Each volunteer represented a group (n = 5): CONTROL: no treatment, POLA: Pola Office 37.5% (Positive Control), NANO: Pola Office 37.5% + Nanohydroxyapatite, CPP- + CPP-ACP (CPP-ACP) and NOVA: Pola Office 37,5% + NovaMin. KHN analysis (n = 5) was performed before and after treatments. Five indentations were performed, using the 25 gf load for 15 seconds. For the chemical analysis (n = 3), the samples were ground, autoclaved and subjected to acid digestion by microwave radiation. They were then diluted in 303x with distilled / deionized water. To quantify the chemical elements calcium (Ca), fluorine (F) and phosphorus (P), an ion chromatography technique was used. ANOVA followed by TUKEY (p <0.05) showed that the CPP-ACP and NOVA groups showed higher KHN means in relation to the other groups; the NANO group was statistically similar to the CONTROL group; The POLA presented the lowest KHN mean when compared to the other groups. The percentage of KHN in descending order was: CPP-ACP, NOVA, NANO CONTROLE and POLA. The use of bioactive agents in the bleaching treatment promoted an increase in the percentage of calcium, fluorine and phosphorus ions and the hardness of human enamel.


Among the many statements issued by scientists attesting their loyalty to and faith in Dr. Oppenheimer, the Bulletin has selected those originating from the two organizations he has been most closely associated with—Los Alamos, the center of the national atomic weapons program, and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, of which he is director. We also publish the letter signed by 214 scientists at Argonne National Laboratory.


We show a kind of converse to some results of Hall and Reginatto on exact uncertainty related to the Schroedinger and Wheeler-deWitt equations. Some survey material on statistical geometrodynamics is also sketched.


Oscillators are at the heart of optical lasers, providing stable transform limited pulses. In contrast, X-ray free electron lasers use self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), resulting in large stochastic intensity and spectral fluctuations. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of the $K\alpha_1$ line has been recently observed for Ne gas, Cu compounds and Mn solutions at the LCLS and SACLA X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs), using an X-ray SASE pulse as a pump to create population inversion. Here we describe the physics and realization of an X-ray laser oscillator (XLO) based on periodically pumping a Cu compound gain medium in a tunable Bragg cavity with a SASE pulse train, generating intense ($\sim$ 5 x 10$^{10}$ ph/pulse), fully coherent, transform limited 8 keV pulses with 48 meV spectral resolution. We also discuss extending these results to other elements to operate XLO from about 5 to 12 keV, improving X-ray-based research beyond current capabilities.


Next generation advanced-accelerators such as the plasma wake-field accelerator, and beamradiation interaction scenarios such as inverse-Compton scattering (ICS), depend on the achieving of ultra-small spot sizes in high current beams. Modern injectors and compressors enable the production of high-brightness beams having needed short bunch lengths and small emittances. Along with these beam properties comes the need to produce tighter foci, using stronger, shorter focal length optics. An approach to creating such strong focusing-systems using high field, small-bore permanent-magnet quadrupoles (PMQs) is reported here. A final focus system employing three PMQs, each composed of 16 neodymium iron boride sectors in a Halbach geometry has been installed in the PLEIADES ICS experiment. The field gradient in these PMQs is 560 T/m, the highest ever reported in a magnetic optics system. As the magnets are of a fixed field-strength, the focusing system is tuned by adjusting the position of the three magnets along the beamline axis, in analogy to familiar camera optics. This paper discusses the details of the focusing system, simulation, design, fabrication and experimental procedure in creating ultra-small beams at PLEIADES.


T h e desert valleys in southern California's Imperial and Riverside counties produce approximately 25 percent of the melons in the state, including cantaloupes, mixed melons, and watermelons. Cantaloupes represent the largest acreage. In the spring of 1984, a severe mosaic disease of viral origin affected many acres of these melons. A similar disease had occurred in 1982 and 1983 but was less widespread. Symptoms included severe mosaic and blistering on melon foliage and fruit, along with stunting and yellowing of entire plants. Fruit cracking was also observed in seriously affected fields. Some fields were a complete loss.


Purpose: Analyze government policies regarding the financing of physical education. Design/methodology/approach: This research is a descriptive study using qualitative methods. The research subjects were 32 people. The research analysis is data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Findings: (1) the regional budget allocation policy for financing education delivery exceeds the minimum limit of 20% of the regional revenue and expenditure budget. (2) the operational implementation of physical education in educational units only relies on school operational assistance funds. (3) the education budget allocation is not proportional to the funding of programs to increase the competence of human resources, only 0.3% is budgeted by the Education Office. The funding for physical education providers is more dominant in the program to improve sports facilities and infrastructure, namely 8% of the budget for education providers. Originality/value: (1) The education financing policy model needs budget allocation management to increase human resources (internal) to strengthen the competence of technical personnel in various fields in the Education Office in the form of training. (2) Model of budget allocation for human resource development (external), the budget allocated for teacher and student activities in the form of technical guidance and training. The realization of this policy model requires policy intervention in the form of political will with an approach of communication, authority, trust, value.


What is going on? How can silence be said, and be a source of meaning? Silence is defined as a complete absence of sound, an absence of information, or even a temporal limitation of speech. Silence is not a failure of language to communicate. When people get short of words, feelings, safe space, or even want to flee from punishment, they choose to keep silent. Yet, silence could be a smart tactic to cross borders, to personify agony, and to engage others' imagination. Silence can open up new contexts and reveal hidden feelings in an unprecedented manner. The oeuvre of the Romanian writer Herta Müller exemplifies the absence of sound and even the absence of life itself. Müller manages to break through the formal constraints of language in a significant and artistic manner. She has a peculiar and creative way of describing her world. Her creativity is not limited to language as she always questions the power of language to express thoughts and feelings. Language could be a space where Müller can bend words, forms, colors, and shapes. In her collage poetry, Müller can defamiliarize language in an unconventional manner. She uses a unique art form, the art of cut-ups that makes the words and images speak for themselves. Faced with physical threat and psychological repression of the oppressive and dictatorial regime of Nicolae Ceausescu, Müller resorted to silence to say what can't be said. This paper aims at highlighting the art of collage as a tool used by Herta Müller to express silently incongruent images and texts to express fear and oppression. It will scrutinize the authenticity of the collage poetry of Herta Müller and how her rich and colorful images helped her to gain a foothold in the new setting. It also attempts to elucidate the difference between the silence of language and the silence of things.


The invention relates to a method for operating a headlight (12) for a motor vehicle (10) which comprises a plurality of light diodes, by receiving a request signal for a high-beam operation, determination of a street class of a street on which the motor vehicle (10) is located, controlling a first group of the plurality of light diodes to provide a first high-beam distribution (20) using the headlight (12) in the case where a street class other than a motorway (18) is determined, and controlling a second group of the plurality of light diodes to provide a second high-beam distribution (26) with the headlights (12) in the case where a motorway (18) is determined as the street class.


Controversial campus speakers trigger debates about free speech on campus.1 Those who support allowing all controversial speakers to speak on campus tend to be treated as pro-free speech warriors. Those who support preventing some controversial speakers from speaking on campus tend to be painted as anti-free speech. That framing is not particularly helpful, as it may quickly lead to a debate on censorship and the First Amendment.2 Censorship is not an issue unless the controversial speaker is barred from speaking. A campus speaker's speech can be discouraged before it is given, and that discouragement may lead the speaker to selfcensor, but actual censoring very rarely occurs. In addition, the First Amendment is rarely relevant to a campus speaker's speech unless a public college or university silences the speech.3 Private colleges and universities generally can regulate speakers on their


The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the role played by universities in industrial districts, faced with a situation of change in the competitive environment. We conduct a longitudinal study of a district with serious problems of competitiveness, using techniques of Social Network Analysis. The results show how the district has changed the distribution of its relational capital. In particular we detectan increasingly importance of relationships between companies and the University, evidenced by an increase in the density of relations between them, as well as a more central role played by university.


Establishing a relationship between the catalytic activity and electronic structure of a transition-metal surface is important in the prediction and design of a new catalyst in fuel cell technology. Herein, we introduce a novel approach for identifying the methanol oxidation reactions, especially focusing on the effect of the Pt electronic structure on methanol dehydrogenation. By systematically controlling the electrode potential, we simplified the reaction paths, excluding other unfavorable effects, and thereby obtained only the methanol dehydrogenation activity in terms of the electronic structure of the Pt surface. We observed that the methanol dehydrogenation activity of Pt decreases when the position of the d-band center relative to the Fermi level is lower, and this fundamental relation provides advanced insight into the design of an optimal catalyst as the anode for direct methanol fuel cells.


This paper aims at discussing the macroeconomic effects of the option of leaving the euro on the part of Italy. This option is connected with the so-called sovereignism. It will be argued that the devaluation of the new Italian currency would (i) reduce real wages, worsening income distribution; (ii) would reduce the rate of growth of labour productivity and hence economic growth; (iii) would generate financial turmoils. On the political ground, sovereignism is in line with an right wing view, although it is supported by many Italian economists who define themselves leftist. Sovereignism; Euro; Productivity; Economic Growth.


The field experiment constituted a part of a more comprehensive MIDAS-project (Migration of Alternative De-icing Chemicals in Aquifers) that is carried out since year 1997 by the Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) and Finnish Road Administration together with several other partners. Experiments with soil filters in the years 1998-2001 showed that potassium formate biodegraded rapidly in soil. Encouraged by these promising results, potassium formate was applied on a field site in south-eastern Finland during winter seasons 2002-2004 to study transport and biodegradation of potassium formate in shallow aquifers and weather conditions characteristic for Finland. The monitoring programme at the Kauriansalmi field site in Suomenniemi involved groundwater samples from a network of monitoring wells, private dug wells and a water intake well. Furthermore, laboratory experiments using soil and groundwater samples were conducted to study the microbial degradation of potassium formate at a range of low temperatures. During the monitored winter seasons in the years 2002-2004, over 10 000 kg of potassium formate per kilometre was applied on the highway 13. By the end of the second monitoring season, use of potassium formate did not have any harmful effects on groundwater quality or vegetation near the road slopes. Laboratory microcosm experiments also demonstrated that biodegradation of formate initiated in less than 3 hours at temperatures of +6, +1 and -2 °C. Monitoring of groundwater quality for detecting the possible delayed effects will continue in 2009. For the covering abstract see ITRD E143097.


Serum albumin (Alb), prealbumin (PA), retinol binding protein (RBP) and transferrin (Tf) were measured in fifteen patients who underwent the direct operations for esophageal varices and intraoperative liver biopsies revealed cirrhosis in 13, fibrosis in 2. Correlation between these preoperative values and the values of ICG R15 and Ch-E were studied. And correlations between the postoperative values in these rapid turnover proteins and enegy intakes, amino acid intakes during postoperative parenteral nutrition (PN) were also studied. Serum fat-soluble vitamin levels were monitored similazly. 1) Preoperative Alb levels were well related with ICG R15 and Ch-E, but postoperatively these levels were significantly related with the infusional dose of exogenous albumin. 2) Preoperative PA, RBP levels were also well related with ICG R15 and Ch-E, and postoperatively these levels were well related with energy intakes in postoperative PN and body weight losses. 3) Preoperative PA, RBP values tended to be lower in patients with postoperative complication compared with in patients without postoperative complication. 4) Preoperative Vit. A. Vit. E levels were near the lowest limit of, or below the normal range. Postoperative those levels in patients without the infusion with fat-soluble vitamins were lower than those in patients who were administered fat-soluble vitamins. From these results, PA and RBP are considered to be useful to estimate the severity of liver damage, and seems to be one of the valuable parameters for the nutritional assesment and risk factors for operative intervension. During postoperative PN, fat-soluble vitamins have to be administered in patients with liver cirrhosis, even if the period of PN is short.


The evolution of the content of Taoist stories in the Six Period is reflected in three aspects: The appearance of celestials in the world of immortals turned from being different from ordinary people to being like common people;People's seeking after becoming immortals developed from kings and princes,generals and ministers to ordinary people and from eating magic drugs which cost much to fruits,flowers and plants among hills that cost little.There are two situations about the contact between celestials and ordinary people:the former approached the latter and the latter visited the former.


Silicon photonics enables the development of optical components on a chip with the potential for large-scale optical integrated circuits that can be fabricated at the wafer-scale using foundries similar to those used in the electronics industry. Although silicon is a passive optical material with an indirect bandgap, reconfigurable devices have been demonstrated using thermo-optic effects (large phase shifts, but relatively slow with large power consumption) and carrier plasma dispersion effects (high-speed, but small phase shifts). We recently demonstrated a low-power approach for inducing large phase shifts (>2π) using a technique that we call micro-opto-electro-mechanical index perturbation (MOEM-IP). In this initial work we characterized silicon nitride waveguides in which the propagating optical mode's evanescent field is vertically coupled to silicon nitride microbridges. This interaction leads to an effective index tuning that is a strong function of the waveguide-microbridge separation. We now extend our MOEM-IP approach to different configurations (i.e. in-plane coupling) and material systems (i.e. silicon-oninsulator). Mode perturbation simulations indicate that the MOEM-IP approach is widely applicable to many configurations and material systems enabling large effective index tuning (Δneffective>0.1) requiring microbridge displacements of only a few hundred nanometers. We also examine several device applications that take advantage of MOEM-IP. These include tunable optical filters using high-Q microring cavities and optical phased arrays that enable chip-scale beam steering in two-dimensions using low-power phase shifting enabled by MOEM-IP.


multiply injured patients (Manidakis et al., 2009). The role of the injectable bone substitute in initiating HO is uncertain. Contributory factors may have been the osteoblastic stimulation of the drilled bone fragments and any residual bone fragments at the tip of the prominent screw, combined with the unintentionally prolonged postoperative immobilization. A common argument for using locking fixation of distal radial fractures is that early mobilization may produce better wrist motion and function. However, immobilization for up to 6 weeks after palmar plate fixation of distal radial fractures has not been shown to reduce the range of flexion–extension in the wrist at 6 months follow-up (Lozano-Calderon et al., 2008). Options for treatment of HO include the use of indomethacin, radiotherapy and excision of mature heterotopic bone. We consider that good operative technique, including accurate screw placement without penetrating the dorsal cortex, removal of free bone fragments and prevention of postoperative haematoma, may be important in preventing this complication.


Abstract
 This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of Mesocriconema xenoplax. Economic importance of bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae) and future research requirements are also mentioned.


Taking the view that micro-historical approaches augment our understanding of how sweeping societal change is experienced and enacted 'from below' by human actors, this paper focuses on the largely forgotten 'Vevčani affair' (1987–1989) to illuminate some under-examined modalities of violence in the waning years of Communist Party rule in Yugoslavia. In particular, the paper seeks to trace how physical violence by security forces against residents of Vevčani, a village in Western Macedonia, in August 1987 (as well as an earlier confrontation in May 1987) was part of a larger framework of forces, which included three other modalities of violence here defined as existential, reputational and narratival. The paper also examines the degree to which this particular dispute in the Republic of Macedonia became part of broader political battles in Yugoslavia, and how the existence of differentiated 'publics' within an increasingly tenuous federation operated to accelerate the dramatic changes under way in the different republics.


Security issues pertaining to Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) system has been a major concern since the advent of the smart grid. In this paper, a novel authentication and key management scheme is proposed for AMI system based on Configurable Ring Oscillator Physically Unclonable Functions (RO PUFs). The scheme provides end-to-end security for the confidentiality and integrity of messages exchanged between utility centers and smart meters. The design is compatible with existing AMI technology and can be implemented on smart meters as PUFs on FPGAs or ASICs. To demonstrate the proof of concept, the proposed scheme is implemented on Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA boards. The performance of the scheme is measured in terms of storage requirement and authentication time. In addition, a threat model analysis is performed to validate the design against modeling attacks and common wireless sensor network attacks.


Students who specialize in experimental psychology are confronted with a substantial amount of technical information on the instrumentation and the design of biopsychological experiments. Although mathematics at high school level is a precondition to enter psychological education, several students have difficulties understanding these technological aspects. BioPsy is developed to support those students who are confronted with deficiencies in knowledge of physics, electronics and instrumentation techniques. It is also developed as a remedial teaching tool to update the necessary knowledge and skills. The application is additional to face-to-face teaching and can be completed at any convenient time. Multi-media elements are used to enliven the course material. The application consists of three different modules. Students can search on specific terms to look up knowledge elements. They can also complete an introductory course on instrumentation techniques. In the last module, participants can apply their knowledge in several exercises based on actual experimenting.


Purpose: Small and medium-sized businesses must understand the environmental consequences of their operations and seek advice on green issues. The goal of the study is to look into the factors that influence their establishment's implementation of environmental management practices.

Theoretical framework: A modified version of the Technology-Organizational-Environmental Framework (TOE) (Tornatzky & Fleischer, 1990) and the Model of External Influences on Environmental Awareness and Practices (MEAP) (Gadenne et al., 2009) have been developed for researching the adoption of environment management practices.

Design/methodology/approach: The study is to determine the factors adopting environmental management practices in small and medium-sized businesses. Variables introduced are from systematic literature reviews of related articles and journals. The papers were analysed from descriptive, bibliographic, methodologic, results, and citation characteristics.

Findings: According to the findings, small and medium-sized businesses could perhaps participate in environmental programs such as corporate governance, environmental legislation, different industries, business size, organization traits, talent management, internationalization, organizational structure, corporate execution activity, environmental and sustainable aspects, and role in the logistics system, corporate strategy demeanour, and geographical region.

Research, Practical & Social implications:  For small and medium-sized enterprises, implementing environmental management practices can be seen as a key strategy for addressing their environmental issues. It's crucial to understand the motivations behind these policies, though.

Originality/value: This article is an academic contribution that allows an understanding of research developed on small and medium size businesses on adopting environmental management practices, considering data from two reference research databases.


To study the toxic effects of ammonia on carp(Cyprinus carpio),150 healthy young carp with uniform sizes were treated with ammonia at NH4 0,0.071,0.143,0.284and 0.427mg/L.Sampling was made 35 days after the treatment and various indicators of their non-specific immunocompetence were determined.Ammonia nitrogen increased the spleen index,head kidney index,lysis circle diameter and phagocyte phagocytosis rate,promoted the phagocytosis index of the treated carp at lower concentrations and inhibited these indicators at higher concentrations.


Purpose - The democratic constitution that came into effect in 1994 and ushered in the new South Africa recognises parents' role in education hence the established of an innovative school governance structure of which parents are in the majority. Before then, there existed parents-teachers association in schools. Its members were handpicked and therefore undemocratic and ineffective. The pmpose of this paper is to investigate how the innovation in school governance encourages parents~ the rural areas to be productively involved in school matters. Design/methodology/approach - The study used the qualitative research method of focus group interviews to explore the extent to which the school governing body fosters active involvement of parents in school matters. The purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 21 school governors from three rural schools who were deemed information-rich to participate in the study. Findings-The study found that the post-apartheid school governing body concept, which is an innovation in education management and leadership, encourages and promotes productive parents' involvement in education of their children. Originality/value-The findings have lessons and implications for school management and leadership in the developing countries because as an Africa adage says, "it takes a whole village to bring up a child".


A debris flow occurs in Yeniu Ravine of KangDing on July 7,2005,made great losses.Jintang River has been blocked which is a branch of Dadu River.There are three major features of the Yeniu Ravine debris flow.Firstly,it is a low frequency and high viscous debris flow with a 50year round.Secondly,it has very quick speed.Thirdly,the discharge has a suddenly increase along the process of the debris flow.The peak flow of Jisuozi Ravine and ZHichang Ravine,and the unstable sources in circulation area enter into Yeniu Ravine in a small region,that made the discharge a suddenly increase in the last part of circulation area.


"Old-friend Gathering","Brothers/Sisters Association","Dongjing Association and Lianchi Association" are three different gender-based rural associations for different age-groups of the Bai nationality,whose development helps strengthen the ethnic identity of the Bai people.


The structure frame design,the function module structure design,the flow chart design,and the data-base design for the test module of the certain vehicle driving train simulation system were expounded.The design for operation process test and vehicle pass fraise test were stressed.The OOD programme technique and module technique were adopted to establish all kinds of test class basing on design demand.At the same time,the test module was availably validated by test module design and combining examine standard in driving train simulation system.Application result shows that the test module compatibility and extending are accorded with demand of vehicle driving train simulation system.In training,trainer can exactly master detailed training state,betimes correct false operation,improve training effect,and obtain exact and high efficiency grade assessing.


Introduction: Cancer mobilizes people and families who search for healing practices that provide relief from physical, emotional, social, and spiritual distress.
Objective: To analyze the self-care of cancer ill people at the end of their lives; patients staying under Palliative Care in a home care service.
Materials and method: A qualitative study in Interpretative Anthropology and Medical Anthropology carried out in a home care serviceof a teaching hospital. From September 2015 to January 2016, eleven individuals at the end of their lives took part in the study. Unstructured observation and narrative interviews were the methods used to collect data, in addition to the narrative analysis from Fritz Schütze.
Results: The self-care modalities were biomedical, popular, traditional, simultaneous, overlapping, and juxtaposed. None of the participants noticed any defined scheme or practice. Some people assumed adaptation and experimentation depending on the practice's success to alleviate suffering.
Conclusions: The patients resorted to various forms of self-care during the disease, based on sociocultural aspects and sought different practices to meet their needs.


The aim of the research described in this article was to build a protocol for describing students' development of emotional knowledge and understanding, and to tailor this to the requirements of assessing the progress of students with additional needs. The paper reports the establishment of such a developmental profile, using procedures for defining standards-referenced frameworks (Griffin, 2007) to create an observation questionnaire of students' emotional skills. This approach relies on the knowledge and collaboration of experienced teachers and researchers in the fields of special education and emotional development to establish an hypothesised framework of critical skills, observable behaviour statements, and developmental criteria that map qualitative transitions in student performance. The framework was subsequently validated against observation data gathered by teachers in 2007, from 77 Victorian government schools (21 mainstream, 56 special education) on 1597 students (3 to 18 years) with additional needs. Their responses were calibrated using partial credit item response modelling to empirically identify major transitions in students' emotional development and to establish the construct validity of the profile. In the area of students' emotional development, teachers have limited access to information that supports their assessment of progress and underpins decisions about setting goals for learning and appraising teaching strategies. The proposed article describes early stages of a research program that attempts to redress this situation by working with teachers to develop an appropriate and inclusive profile of emotional development for students with additional needs.


Chapter 2 Page 119, second paragraph below the number list, "transformation studies" should be "transformation stacks." Chapter 3 In the sequence of transformations on page 143, the second "T0" should be "T1". Chapter 5 On page 193, immediately before the section "Emphasis Colors", there is a reference to a Chromadepth display, but no such display is provided. My mistake. Chapter 6 In Figure 6.12, both in the chapter and in the color insert, the credit is incorrect. It should read "Courtesy of Dani Lischinski". In the smooth-shading example on page 240, the equation is incorrectly given as


The rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaques is the major cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Despite significant limitations in our understanding and ability to identify unstable plaque pathology and prevent plaque rupture, most atherosclerosis research utilises preclinical animal models exhibiting stable atherosclerosis. Here, we introduce the tandem stenosis (TS) mouse model that reflects plaque instability and rupture, as seen in patients. The TS model involves dual ligation of the right carotid artery, leading to locally predefined unstable atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic mice. It exhibits key characteristics of human unstable plaques, including plaque rupture, luminal thrombosis, intraplaque haemorrhage, large necrotic cores, thin or ruptured fibrous caps and extensive immune cell accumulation. Altogether, the TS model represents an ideal preclinical tool for improving our understanding of human plaque instability and rupture, for the development of imaging technologies to identify unstable plaques, and for the development and testing of plaque‐stabilising treatments for the prevention of atherosclerotic plaque rupture.


Objective:To observe the Effects of Suanzaoren Tang(SZRT) on glutamic acid(Glu),γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) and γ-aminobutyric acid subtype A rceptor(GABAAR) expression in the brain of the elderly insomnia model in rats.Method:Multiple factors model were established with subacute senescence induced by D-galactose,Yin and blood-deficiency induced by cyclophosphamide and hydrocortisonum,and sleep deprivation(SD) induced by a modified multiple platform method(MMPM).The levels of amino acid neurotransmitters Glu and GABA were detected in cortex and hypothalamus for the rats by HPLC using immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantitative analysis of a retrovirus-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),subunit expression of GABAAR α1 and γ2 were detected in cortical and hippocampal parts of the model rats.After intervention of SZRT,thoseindicators were investigated too.Result:Compared with the environmental control group,content of Glu,GABA and the ratio of them in cortex and hypothalamus in the insomnia model rats showed a considerable elevatio,GABAARα1 and γ2 subunits expressed by immunochemical accumulated absorbance in cortex and hippocampus in the models were significantly higher(P 0.01),and GABAARα1,γ2 mRNA expression in cortex showed higher significantly(P 0.01).While these indicators tended to be in the normal range after the treatment of SZRT.Conclusion:Markedly up-regulated expression of GABAAR α1 and γ2 in cerebral cortex and hippocampus may be one of the pathological mechanisms for the insomnia model with sleep deprivation.SZRT can reduce the toxic effects of amino acids in brain,and downward adjust GABAAR α1 and γ2subunit expression in the brain.This may be one of the mechanisms for SZRT treatment of insomnia.


The present invention relates to a fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine, the casing (12) has a, the casing (12) of the bore (34) a piston-shaped valve member (35) is longitudinally slidable within rotatably on are disposed, said valve member (35) is by longitudinal movement in the opening direction, with the end portion of the combustion chamber side of the valve member (35), at least one injection opening (39) , connected to the casing (12) which is formed in the pressure chamber (37). Casing (12) and inlet passage (14) is formed in, the inflow passageway (14) is not open to the pressure chamber (37) within the pressure chamber through the inlet passage (14) (37) there has been adapted to be filled with fuel under high pressure. Casing (12), the control chamber filled with fuel (20) is formed, the pressure in the control chamber (20) is at least indirectly, the valve member a force acting in the closing direction (35) Add to. Control chamber (20) is being connected to the inflow passage (14), a connectable to the leakage oil chamber through the control valve (16) (23), the 該漏 Re oil chamber (23) in the inflow passage (14) is significantly lower pressure than the inside and is formed. Buffer chamber in the casing (12) (46) is formed, the buffer chamber (46) is connected to the inflow passage (14) through at least one aperture (44).


Since the inception of human society, there have been mining activities, and since the Stone Age, minerals have aided in advancing human civilization. The mining sector directly influences the macro economy by enhancing infrastructure, providing employment, fostering rural community development, and opening up new derivatives and downstream industries. Numerous vast deposits of numerous essential minerals and their small-to large-scale mining help India's economy thrive. In the past, with little regard for the environment, the local people, or development mining operations were conducted primarily for the advantage of the mining industry. However, even beyond the actual limits of individual mining leases, the extraction of coal and other minerals has resulted in varied degrees of social footprints through the destruction of the environment, implications for human health, and social displacement. It is the operating miners' duty to make sure that all pertinent problems and effects are recognized from the outset. The primary areas of environmental and social implications include impacts on biodiversity and habitat, problems with waste management, indirect effects, poverty alleviation, and wealth distribution.


Objective To study the effects of solution-focused brief therapy(SFBT) in medical social workers' participation in rehabilitative nursing for patients with spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods Fifty SCI inpatient from January 2010 to June 2011 were randomly divided into control group(25 cases) undergoing routine intervention by medical social workers and observation group(25 cases) undergoing routine intervention and SFBF.Their life quality was evaluated by WHO quality of life assessment scale(WHOQOL-100) at admission and 3 months after admission.Results Three months after admission,all WHOQOL-100 scores except Environment and Spirituality/Religion/Personal belief scores and total scores of the two groups were higher than those at admission(P0.05).All scores of the observation group except Environment and Spirituality/Religion/Personal belief scores were higher than those in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Application of SFBT in medical social workers' participation in rehabilitative nursing of SCI patients avails the effective communication between medical staff and the patients,can enhance the confidence of SCI patients in function reconstruction and improve their life quality.


Aims. The pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) after intravenous administration in color- ectal cancer patients were examined using population analysis. The relevant covariates and the extent of inter- and intraindividual variability were evaluated. Methods. Data from 27 patients with diagnosis of nonmetastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma receiving weekly 5-FU (450 mg/m2), plus levamisol 50 mg/8 hours by oral route for 3 days every 15 days, were pooled with data from 17 patients with diagnosis of metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma, receiving daily 5-FU (425 mg/m2) and intravenous folinic acid (20 mg/m2) over five consecutive days (daily times five), every four weeks. In both groups 5-FU was administered as a 60-minute infusion and blood samples were collected at 10, 30 and 60 minutes from the end of the infusion, and analysed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography assay. An open two-compartmental pharmacokinetic model with first-order elimination from central compartment was fitted to the plasma concentration data using nonlinear mixed effect modelling (NONMEM). The potential effect of patient covariates was evaluated using a stepwise method. Model evaluation was performed using bootstrap method. Results. The pharmacokinetic model was successfully fitted to the data. None of the covariates tested were significantly correlated to the pharmacokinetic parameters. The mean parameters' estimates (%CV) and the percent coefficient of variation of the central tendency parameters, interindividual (IIV), interoccasion (IOV) and residual variability (s) for the final model were: CL (L/h), 65.3 (13.2); Vc (L), 14.7 (11.8); Vp (L), 334.0 (31.4); Q (L/h), 19.6 (25.5); IIVCL (%), 76.5 (34.6); IIVVc (%), 82.3 (31.0); IIVVp (%), 137.5 (35.1); IIVQ (%), 117.5 (38.5); IOVCL (%), 66.1 (45.3); IOVVc (%), 70.8 (39.5); IOVQ (%), 81.1 (27.8) and s (%), 3.0 (25.4). The bootstrap resampling method confirmed the stability of the final model. The estimates of the central tendency parameters, IIV, IOV and residual variability were essentially equal to those generated with the original dataset (0% to 18% deviation) and the 95% confidence intervals included the mean parameters' estimates obtained from the former set. Conclusions. The two-compartmental model accurately described the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU administered by short-term infusion. A population pharmacokinetic approach is a useful tool to integrate the knowledge gathered in the clinical setting. The model developed may help in dose adaptation and will further be used in PK/PD modelling of therapeutic outcomes and adverse events.


Alternative chicken production systems have become popular in recent years due to animal welfare criteria and consumer's perceptions. General beliefs express that the meat quality of chicken reared under free-range systems is better than that of chickens under conventional production conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the meat quality and carcass traits of chickens raised in conventional and free-range systems. Either conventional or free-range systems used meat-type Hubbard JA57 birds with a slaughter age of approximately 78 days. For assessing carcass traits and meat quality, six male chickens were selected from each system. The meat quality parameters, pH at 45 minutes, ultimate pH, color coordinates, drip loss, cooking loss, and water-holding capacity were measured. Furthermore, proximate parameters, such as crude protein, total fat, and crude ash were determined. There were no significant differences in main carcass yield and breast muscles between chickens reared in two systems, however, color values dramatically were influenced by rearing systems. Breast muscle samples from birds reared under the conventional system had a smaller hue angle and saturation value than those from the free-range birds. Moreover, the drip loss parameter was significantly higher in free-range chickens. The ash and protein contents of breast muscles were similar although raw breast meat from free-range birds had significantly lower fat content. The results prove that a free-range rearing system can modify the appearance, color values, and fat content of chicken meat and it can be a part of the interests of meat production consumers.


Stunting is defined as a height-for-age index (TB/U) less than the 3rd percentile. Posko 14, through the KKN, took the initiative to carry out stunting socialization to increase public knowledge about stunting. They were implementing stunting socialization in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic through 3 stages, preparation of facilities and infrastructure, socialization, and evaluation stages. The implementation of stunting socialization increased the knowledge of the Pude'e community, Lompoc Village, Bacukiki District, Parepare City after being given counseling


With the development of electricity market,it is more and more important to forecast electric power load precisely.Taking the electric power load of Beijing City for an example,choosing the data from 1953 to 2008,cointegration test,exponential curve trend extrapolation method and Pearl curve method are adopted to build three prediction models based on the econometric model.And then the electric power load of Beijing City from 2015 to 2051 is forecasted.The results show that Beijing's electricity load is exponential growth.So,Beijing City should pay more attention to plan the development and utilization of electrical energy as soon as possible and cultivate the energy-saving consciousness.Meanwhile,the demand of power consumption is met by building smart grid.


This paper discusses a framework for asset-liability modeling of property-liability insurers. In particular, the paper has a dual purpose: (1) to describe a dynamic financial analysis (DFA) framework for insurer analysis which combines an underwriting model reflecting pricing, regulatory, and catastrophe risk with an economic and investment performance module, and which incorporates the interrelationships among these various insurance and financial processes; and (2) to evaluate the impact on projected insurer risk of incorporating into this framework a regime-switching model for the equity return process. The results suggest that, compared with a more common and simpler regression-based model of equity markets, introducing a regimeswitching approach within a DFA framework can better reflect the overall risks facing an insurer. Such a model can provide a stronger basis for asset-liability management, capital allocation, and general operational and strategic planning by insurer management, as well as for regulatory supervision of the insurance industry.


This article provides a detailed account of resource sharing in special libraries in Kenya. A brief definition of special libraries is provided, and the characteristics of these libraries highlighted. The current position pertaining to cooperation in Kenya in general and in social libraries in particular is provided. It is concluded that cooperation in Kenya is still informal. Factors hindering formal programmes have been isolated. The suggestion is advanced that formal programmes can be operational only if the government establishes a national coordinating body on information.


Salt sensitivity is associated with an elevated risk of developing hypertension and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cross-sectional studies have suggested that postmenopausal women are more salt sensitive than premenopausal women. The purpose of the present study was to investigate prospectively the prevalence of salt sensitivity among healthy premenopausal women and determine whether the loss of ovarian hormones increases salt sensitivity. We enrolled 40 normotensive (systolic blood pressure 127 ± 2, diastolic blood pressure 78 ± 1; Mean ± SEM), non-diabetic women (age 47 ± 0.6) undergoing hysterectomy and ovariectomy for non-neoplastic processes to determine the effect of changes in sodium intake on blood pressure the day before and 4 months after surgical menopause. After a 1-week diet containing 120 mmol/day NaCl, salt loading was achieved with a 2-liter infusion of normal saline, followed by salt depletion produced by 40 mg of intravenous furosemide. A decrease of 10 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure between salt loading and salt depletion was used to define salt sensitivity. Premenopausal salt sensitive women exhibited higher waist/hip ratio (0.85 ± 0.017 vs. 0.82 ± 0.007; P = 0.001), fasting glucose (105.9 ± 2.9 vs. 98.5 ± 3.1 mg/dL; P = 0.03), triglycerides (155 ± 35 vs. 90 ± 6 mg/dL; P


Background and Purpose: Stroke family caregivers commonly neglect their own needs while providing care resulting in depressive symptoms, negative life changes, and poor health. Intervention program...


The crystal structure and exchange bias effect in Fe films deposited on Si(100) substrates have been investigated. X-ray diffraction and fluorescence-extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements reveal that the as-deoposited Fe films are polycrystalline with a preferred (110) texture. In addition, we observe a shift in the magnetic hysteresis loop of Fe films deposited on Si (100) where there is existance of a thin oxidized layer. By comparison, for Fe film deposited on Si(100) lacking the oxidized layer, it does not exhibit any features of shift in the magnetic hysteresis loop. We postulate the effect results from a coupling between the ferromagnetic Fe film and the antiferromagnetic Fe oxide that forms spontaneously in the interface. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Thursday 21 February marks the one-year anniversary of the brutal assassination of Slovak investigative journalist Jan Kuciak and his fiancee Martina ...


The role of wireless technologies as among the main pillars of broadband connectivity extension is starting to be widely accepted. In this way, wireless technologies open up new possibilities for reducing the digital divide between regions. This article studies the challenges for policymakers that must design the appropriate policies to achieve that goal. More specifically, the paper examines the role of wireless technologies in the development of broadband in Europe and presents a progress model for broadband. The second part of the article analyses, as a case study, the wireless communications market of Latvia, a country that entered the European Union in May 2004, and where, given its conditions, mobile technologies should be considered as essential tools for the increase in broadband accesses, and more generally, for the development of the Information Society.


Such products consuming a large quantity of caustic soda are introduced,as quick-dissolving layered sodium metasilcate,high viscosity carboxymethyl sodium starch,sodium diacetate,chloroisocyanuric acid,sodium formate,oxalic acid,epoxy chloropropane,hydrazine hydrate,ADC foaming agent,sodium hydrosulfite,chlorinated polyvinyl chloride,chlorinated polypropylene,chlorinated rubber,chlorinated paraffin-70,etc.The production process,caustic soda cosumption amount,market demand,production situation of the above products are analyzed.These products are considered to be worth drawing domestic chlor-alkali enterprises'attention.


Standard digital stereo photogrammetric systems are mainly designed to accomplish specific tasks and hence they may be regarded as problem oriented systems. However, for the solution of variety of conventional and non-conventional problems in computer vision and photogrammetry a vision based tool box may offer a great flexibility and adaptability for handling different tasks. In this paper the design and implementation of a first comprehensive toolbox (StereoMetrica) for the solution of numerous problems in computer vision and digital photogrammetry is described. This paper first presents the general structure of StereoMetrica vision system and then discusses its design considerations.


In this paper, a novel joint channel estimation and symbol detection method over fast flat fading channel is proposed, by applying sum-product algorithm on factor graph. An appropriate graph model is derived from factoring the likelihood function of transmitting sequence. In addition, particle filter is introduced to reduce the computational complexity of continuous integral within sum-product algorithm. This method provides an intuitive perspective on joint channel estimation and symbol detection, and improves spectrum utilization efficiency compared with conventional pilot-only technique.


Repertory grid interviews provide information about the psychological space of people in matrix-structured form, providing a basis for the statistical analysis of results. Today there are many software packages available for the elicitation and analysis of repertory grids, most of them with unique features. But access to this wealth of options is restricted because, at present, repertory grid programs store data in different formats. As a result, anyone who has tried to exchange data between programs knows that this is not an easy task, as the exchange typically requires tedious and error-prone reentering of the data. To enable direct and error-free data exchange between repertory grid programs, we propose a common data format for repertory grid software based on the Extended Markup Language (XML). It is important to note that users do not have to learn XML to take advantage of this common data format. Data sets of current analysis programs can be translated into XML by utilities. As a basis for further discussion we have developed sample applications and utilities that are based on this new data format.


Aberrant morphological forms have been reported for a number of free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes. In some cases aberrancy is genetic (4) and in others it is environmentally induced (5,6). More than 200 mutant genes known to control aberrant phenotypes of Caenorhabclitis elegans (Maupas) Dougherty have been reported (4). Some of these mutants affect collagen synthesis and cuticle formation (4). Anal protrusions of C. briggsae (Dougherty & Nigon) Dougherty occurred when a cellfree extract of Flavobacterium was incorporated into the culture medium (6). Aberrant second-stage larvae of Heterodera schachtii (A. Schmidt) developed when this nematode was reared on insecticide-treated hosts (5). In the current study, external growths were observed on freshly hatched juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood from a single egg-mass population that had been maintained in the greenhouse continuously for more than 15 years. Aberrant specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy to determine cytological details of the deformations. Eggs ofM. incognita (7) were collected (8) from greenhouse cultures of eggplant


ABSTRACT Although research reveals purpose can buffer youth from negative states in other contexts, little is known about how youth with purpose function amidst significant economic challenges. This sequential explanatory mixed-methods study, conducted with a sample of Greek youth during the Great Recession, sought to determine (1) if the presence of purpose buffered youth from the potentially demoralizing effects of the economic crisis, and if so, (2) how it managed to do so. Survey results suggest youth with high purpose scores were resilient enough to look past the present challenges and envision a positive future. Qualitative findings suggest youth with purpose remained hopeful about the future by focusing on commitments to their friends, families, communities, and country, and at times, by tuning out the negative economic news. Implications of these findings for positive youth development are discussed.


Introduction. In recent years, the mining dump truck drivers have consistently reported high rates of occupational morbidity. The aim of the study was a retrospective study of occupational pathology development in the mining dump truck drivers at the apatite open pits in the Kola Peninsula. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of occupational pathology was carried out in six hundred forty three truck drivers. Its starting point was the results of a medical examination in 2008, and in 2009-2020, newly detected occupational diseases were studied. Results. During 12 years, 172 occupational diseases including vibration disease (n=63), radiculopathy (n=54), reflex syndromes (n=36), and sensorineural hearing loss (n=19) were diagnosed for the first time in 105 (16.3%) drivers. The development of occupational pathology in 85 (49.4%) cases was due to the increased severity of work (class 3.1-3.2). In 66 (38.4%) cases, the cause was whole-body vibration (class 3.1-3.2), in 19 (11.0%) cases - noise and in 2 (1.2%) cases - hand-arm vibration (class 3.1). The risk of developing vibration disease and occupational musculoskeletal pathology was increased by vertebral osteochondrosis (RR=1.78; CI 1.21-2.60; p=0.004), deforming osteoarthritis (RR=2.35; CI 1.41-3, 91; p=0.001), arthralgia (RR = 3.12; CI 1.66-5.86; p<0.0001), cervicalgia (RR=3.29; CI 1.48-7.32 ; p = 0.002). Occupational noise exposure (Z57.0) increased the risk of occupational sensorineural hearing loss (RR=2.61; CI 1.31-5.19; p=0.005). Limitations. The impossibility of completely eliminating the diagnosis of an occupational disease in drivers who left the observation group for permanent residence in other regions of the country. Conclusion. The occupational health risk for dump truck drivers is determined by the length of service, severity of work, impact of whole-body vibration and noise, concomitant musculoskeletal and ear diseases, which must be taken into account in the prevention of occupational diseases.


In this work, blends of polycarbonate and a high density polyethylene were investigated through their morphology, mechanical properties, and the effect of compatibilizers: a copolymer styrene-butadiene-styrene and an ionomer. Blending was performed in the melt state at 220°C, and the concentration of the compatibilizers was varied from 1% to 5% by weight. In the case of the copolymer modified blend, the results showed no change in the mechanical properties compared to the neat blend, whereas the morphology showed that the copolymer might interact with only one phase. For the ionomer, the addition of 1% increased the Young's modulus and the tensile strength of the blend. For the morphology, a large change in the size of the dispersed phase (polyethylene) is observed. This was attributed to the compatibility of the ethylene group of the ionomer with the minor phase, and the reaction between the carbonate group of polycarbonate (PC) and the acid group of the ionomer. An investigation on the binary blends of PC and the ionomer showed the occurrence of a chemical reaction that might be of a transesterification type. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared techniques were used to characterize these blends.


tabile et al. (2) indeed deserve congratulations for the clinical trial hat they recently published in the Journal. It is the first step on a ourney into exclusive dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopiogrel) alone during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), ithout scheduled antithrombin or glycoprotein inhibitor therapy. owever, as pointed out in the accompanying editorial by Daueran (3), there are several concerns with the trial. Specifically, the pproach of dual antiplatelet therapy alone may lack an essential safety net" that could be provided by antithrombin therapy or, erhaps, glycoprotein inhibitor therapy. Thrombosis during PCI and otherwise occurs through 2 interelated mechanisms: first, the adhesion, activation, secretion, and ggregation of platelets; and second, amplification of the coagulation ascade, which requires an activated platelet surface for the developent of thrombin (4). In theory, if adequate antiplatelet therapy is rovided, thrombosis will not occur, even in the absence of antithromin therapy directed towards the coagulation cascade. This theory has een supported by in vitro experiments dating back over 20 years (5). Subsequent clinical research published 15 years ago involving a ew class of drug, the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (e.g., bciximab), which block the final common pathway of platelet ggregation, showed a significant decrease in ischemic complicaions during PCI at the expense of a significant increase in leeding complications (6). These results created a dilemma for hose interventional cardiologists (including myself) who already ad a relatively high bleeding complication rate (7). Therefore, 12 ears ago, in an effort to optimize patient care, I changed from the hen contemporary combination of dual antiplatelet therapy (asirin and ticlopidine) and a conventional dose of unfractionated eparin to triple antiplatelet therapy (adding abciximab) and only minimal dose of unfractionated heparin. The success of this pproach (8) led me to take one step further 9 years ago to exclude cheduled antithrombin therapy altogether for both elective, low isk and urgent, higher risk PCI, while relying on triple antiplatelet herapy (aspirin, clopidogrel, and eptifibatide) alone (9,10). Depite the success of this strategy in limiting both ischemic and leeding complications, and despite subsequent support provided y REMOVE (Reduction in Major and Minor Adverse Events ith Eptifibatide-based Pharmacotherapy in Percutaneous Cornary Intervention) (11), exclusive antiplatelet therapy drew skepicism and criticism from many of our cardiovascular colleagues. he trial published by Stabile et al. (2) therefore provided timely nd much needed support for the "exclusive antiplatelet therapy" roponents. Stabile et al. (2), however, was confined to very low-risk PCI, nd the safety net concern expressed by Dauerman (3) poses a valid 1 uestion. On the basis of theory, in vitro experiments and my own xperiences, I believe that the safety net can be provided by lycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibition, using abciximab, eptifiatide, or, perhaps, tirofiban. This approach of triple antiplatelet herapy with minimal or no specific antithrombin therapy directed owards the coagulation cascade during PCI will, in my opinion, rove to be safe and efficacious for both elective, low-risk and rgent, higher-risk PCI. Hopefully, this approach will be proved y unbiased, well-designed randomized clinical trials that coninue the journeys initiated by the proponents of "exclusive ntiplatelet therapy" during PCI, including Stabile et al. (2)


FIELD: machine engineering. SUBSTANCE: gas distributing system comprises a manifold comprising a channel and a nozzle body connected to the manifold. The nozzle body has an inlet end in fluid communication with the channel and an outlet end located outside the manifold. The nozzle body has a longitudinal axis that is substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow through the channel. The nozzle body comprises an opening located between the inlet end and the outlet end. The method of gas distribution includes introduction of gas into the manifold containing a channel. In addition, the method also includes flowing of gas through the channel into the nozzle body which passes through the wall of the manifold and into the channel. The nozzle body has a longitudinal axis that is substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow through the channel. In addition, the method includes flowing of gas through the outlet end of the nozzle body that is located outside the manifold. A catalyst regenerator has a regenerator vessel, an inlet for coked catalyst connected to the regenerator vessel and in fluid communication with the reactor. The regenerator also comprises a regenerated catalyst outlet connected to the regenerator vessel and in fluid communication with the reactor, and outlet for waste gases, connected to the regenerator vessel. In addition, the regenerator comprises the gas distribution system connected to the regenerator vessel and in fluid communication with the oxidant supply. EFFECT: improving the performance of the gas distribution system by eliminating the repair or replacement of the system. 20 cl, 23 dwg, 6 tbl


A detailed comparison is made between the theoretical two-pian-exchange amplitudes and the experimental values for the left-hand-cut contribution in nucleon-nucleon scatte:ring for both the T= 1 and T=O nucleon-nucleon states in order to confirm the conclusions of the previous analysis where only the T=l states are analyzed. The conclusion obtained in the previous analysis was that the uncorrelated two-pian-exchange amplitudes can explain the T= 1 nucleon-nucleon scattering together with the effects of the one-pion, one~p-meson and one-C!) meson exchanges and without effects of scalar mesons, if the squared momentum. of the exchanged pions is cut off at tmax"-'9,u2. It is shown in this paper that this conclusion is also valid for the T=O nucleon-nucleon states. Some positive evidence is found for the fact that the two-pian-continuum contributions are favourable over the discrete (scalar boson) pole type contributions. Implication of the small cutoff momentum, tmax'"'-'9,u2, is discussed.


Introduction Numerical ITG-turbulence studies in an electrostatic twofluid framework show, that the structure and intensity of zonal flows, poloidal E ×B-flows with zero poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, affects radial heat transport in confinement p lasmas. At the same time the zonal flow evolution is governed by the turbulence generated Reyno lds stress pattern setting up an equilibrium state between the zonal flows and the turbulence . A stress response functional that predicts the evolution and scale of zonal flows is derived and validated from synthetic flow measurements.


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1Department of Surgical Pathology, Health Sciences University, Sancaktepe Research and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey 2Departments of Microbiology, Onsekiz Mart University Research and Application Hospital, Canakkale, Turkey 3Department of General Surgery, Health Sciences University, Kartal Dr Lütfi Kırdar Research and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey 4Department Dermatology, Onsekiz Mart University Research and Application Hospital, Canakkale, Turkey 5Department of General Surgery, Health Sciences University, Umraniye Research and Educa tion Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey 6Department General Surgery, Onsekiz Mart University Research and Application Hospital, Canakkale, Turkey


A group of enzymes capable of duplicating damaged DNA and creating new mutations has been discovered by scientists at Israel's Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot. The discovery could help researchers find ways to slow the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria by suppressing the activity of these enzymes.

The research, conducted by Professor Zvi Livneh of the institute's biological chemistry department and colleagues, is reported in the latest issue of the …


The concentration of 65Fe, a nuclide which decays exclusively by electron capture, was measured in the blood of adults from the New York and New Jersey area to determine present body burdens and to evaluate a model predicting concentrations in blood from chronic exposure. Blood was taken from seventeen male and nineteen female volunteers. Samples were digested in nitric acid, the iron extracted, and subsequently electrodeposited on stainless steel discs. Stable iron was determined gravimetrically. Iron-55 was determined both by low background proportional counting and gamma scintillation spectrometry utilizing a 1 mm thick NaI (Tl) crystal. An equation to predict body burdens was developed following the ICRP approach using the known physiological parameters of iron metabolism in humans. Average values in August of 1966 were 2.7 pCi/mg of stable iron in men and 4.1 pCi/mg in women, a difference that is significant at the P < 0.05 level of confidence. These concentrations of 55Fe will deliver infinity doses to the erythrocytes of men and women of 0.85 and 0.95 mads respectively. Although exposures to adults from environmental levels of radioiron have been low, the levels present during 1965-1966 have offered a means to test models designed to predict human exposures from environmental data. The lack of comprehensive data on dietary intake prevented the direct use of the model to predict the levels found in blood. However, it was possible, using the model, to estimate the ratio between the sexes of 55Fe concentration in blood. The ratio predicted was consistent with experimental results. INTRODUCTION AS A RESULT of thermonuclear testing, 55Fe, an intermediate-lived activation product, has been introduced into the environment. This nuclide has entered man's food chain, has been metabolized, and is now detectable in the blood of man. This paper reports the current levels of 65Fe in the blood of a group of New York and New Jersey residents. A model is * This investigation was supported by a project grant from the United States Atomic Energy Commission, contract #AT (30-1) 3086, by the Defense Atomic Support Agency DA-49-146-XZ-153, and is part of a core program supported by the U.S. Public Health Service, Bureau of State Services grant ES 00014 and the National Cancer Institute grant CA 06989. proposed which predicts the ratio of activities of 65Fe in men compared to women. The dosimetry of 66Fe as an electron capture nuclide is considered.


Central pattern generators (CPGs) are critical in producing many behaviors including locomotion, respiration, and swallowing. Despite the consistency of network output, a significant degree of variation has been documented in the magnitude of ionic conductances and the abundance of ion channel mRNAs. Not only has this variation been observed between animals, but within the neurons of a single CPG as well. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how appropriate output can be reached despite underlying dissimilarities including activity independent regulation, synaptic scaling, and correlated mRNA abundances. In this study we seek to indirectly address whether regulation of mRNA abundances, ionic conductances, synaptic excitation, or network output is more tightly constrained through a population level approach. To this end we have examined a crustacean CPG, the Cancer borealis cardiac ganglion at these levels and report our findings below. We report that while there is low variability in network activity for a single animal the same cannot be said between animals where we have identified a nearly 6 fold variation in cycle period. We find higher variability in the duration of the pace making interneuron small cells (scs) burst duration and the burst duration of the large cell motor neurons (LCs) (Coefficient of variance 0.80 and 0.70 respectively). Less variable burst characteristics were the duty cycle and termination of the scs and LCs (duty cycle coefficient of variance 0.30 and 0.40, termination coefficient of variation 0.27, 0.30). The EPSPs from the scs to the LCs were found to have a 14 fold variation in peak amplitude and a 20 fold variation in the time to peak (Coefficient of variation of 0.51 and 0.52). We report a 20 fold difference in the magnitude of the A-type potassium (IA) and a 16 fold difference in the high threshold potassium current. The latter is a composite of the calcium activated potassium current and the delayed rectifier (IKd) which had fold differences of 7 and 5.9 respectively (Coefficients of variation 0.56, 0.50, 0.46, 0.38 respectively). All amplitudes were measured at 0mV. The mRNA abundances for channels contributing to IA, shal and shaker varied by 1.77 and 18.09 fold. The genes of the large and small calcium activated potassium currents varied by 37.67 and 16.79 fold respectively. Finally, those genes encoding IKd channels shab, shaw1, and shaw2, varied by 18.0, 13.0, 21.4 fold respectively. From these results we suggest that the tolerable variability decreases at higher levels of organization and that in line with previous computational and experimental work that multiple and varied solutions exist to arrive at a CPG's target


The present invention artificially the non-linear state density distribution of the charge by the by forming the signal charge transfer channel of the nano-size in the silicon active region of the SOI wafer is locally dimension by varying the fastened state of charge is locally modulated (Dimension Modulation) to be created on the photo-excitation of the electric charges linearly to an optical signal generated by the high-sensitivity image sensor, the unit pixel structure that can be delivered. Signaling dimensional modulation to the image sensor and a manufacturing method of a channel of the present invention, an SOI substrate comprising a buried oxide layer formed on the Si substrate; The single crystal silicon layer formed on the SOI substrate; The source and the drain formed in the single crystal silicon layer; Active region between the source and the drain; Nano-size is formed on the active region channel; And a first step of an image sensor using the dimensional modulation of the signaling channel formed by a gate which is formed by placing an insulating film on an upper portion of the nano-sized channels, forming a buried oxide layer on a Si substrate; A second step of forming a single crystal silicon layer on the buried oxide layer thereon; A third step of forming the SiO A fourth step of forming a nitride film on an upper part of the SiO A fifth step of aligning the mask pattern of the bottle neck forms on the nitride film by lithography, a single-crystal silicon layer; A sixth step of forming a nano-sized channels by wet oxidation; A seventh step in which the nitride film and the SiO An eighth step of forming a gate insulating film on the single crystal silicon layer; A ninth step of forming a gate on the gate oxide film thereon; And there are the technical features in the yirueojim comprises a tenth step of doping through the gate and a monocrystalline silicon layer is an ion implantation process. Accordingly, the image with the dimensional modulation of the signaling channel of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the sensor is -1 -2 dimension D is a two-dimensional constraint conditions of the photo-excited electrons to form a nano channel on SOI wafers ... The dimensional modulation by causing photoelectric conversion non-linearity of the charge state density function into a light electric charges here that it can be can be substituted for the photodiodes by the conventional PN junction significantly reduce the light receiving area was a PN junction up. In addition, transfer of charge due to external influence such as the signaling channel at least because the two or more when it is formed of a plurality of hard to flow without irradiation of a specific external bias and light electric current can be prevented from the current due to the dark current and noise, heat, and It has the advantage of being able to stop. An image sensor, nanochannels, phototransistor


Background: Stress gradually makes immune system weak and suppresses it, therefore makes body susceptible to various types of diseases, and may delay the healing of the wound. The aim of this study was to show the effects of cold and immobilization stresses on wound healing in Balb/c mice. Materials and Methods: In an interventional study 30 female Balb/c mice were divided into 3 groups randomly. First and second groups were exposed to cold and immobilization stresses respectively and third group (control group) left with no stress. Wound healing was checked every other day and compared with each other. Results: Results showed that the mean of wound sizes of stressed groups was bigger than control group (p<0.05).The wounds healing duration was 11 days in control group and 15 days in test groups. Conclusions:Stress has negative effect on wound healing, therefore a peaceful and calm environment is recommended for patients with serious injuries.


Inner system the invention can be provided to reduce energy costs by preventing the loss of the condensed water by providing a closing system which can maintain the inner steam pipe with a predetermined pressure condensate control device for controlling the opening and closing of the condensate control valve and piping the ambient air by the blocking anti-oxidation of the pipe, as well as to simplify the various devices required for the conventional steam pipes on the control system of the closed type steam boiler which can reduce the initial cost, the vapor for generating the steam by the combustion heat of the burner in the control system of the boiler, the heat exchanger heat exchange is made between the steam and the heat medium supplied from the steam boiler, the hermetic made including a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the heat medium having passed through the heat exchange steam boiler, the steam boiler and the heat exchanger which is installed on a supply line between the group A steam supply valve; Condensate control valve for regulating the discharge of the condensate occurs the heat exchanger; It receives the temperature data measured by the temperature sensor condensate control device for controlling the opening and closing of the condensate control valve in real time; A pressure tank in which the condensed water generated in the heat exchanger is stored; Feed pump for supplying the condensed water to the steam boiler of the pressure tank; And characterized by comprising comprises a. Steam boilers, closed, steam trap


The invention relates to a transdermal plaster with progesterone A-specific ligands (PRASL) as an active ingredient, consisting of a rear layer, at least one adhesive layer which adheres thereto and which contains an active ingredient and which is based on a silicon polymer, polyisobutylene polymer (PIB), a polyacrylate polymer or a styrene block copolymer with butadiene or isoprene (SBS or SIS), in addition to a removable protective film. The inventive transdermal therapeutical plaster containing PRASL, optionally combined with estrogens, is suitable for hormone replacement therapy and fertility control.


Hip replacement refers to the process in which a damaged hip joint is surgically replaced with an artificial implant. It has been observed that all implants are not safe for use and some can cause serious complications to patient after surgery. A total hip replacement comprised of replacement of entire hip structure using an artificial prosthesis, during this surgical procedure, a stem is inserted into the patient's femur for stability, and a ball replaces the head of the femur & the socket is also replaced with an artificial cup. The hip implantation was usually cemented in place, but it is also find that some surgeons use a cementless approach instead. The hybrid total hip replacement uses a combination of both, implanting the cup without cement and setting the stem in place with cement. So far as the availability of specific prosthesis for specific patients it is very difficult more over the prosthesis which will be available are not properly matching with the patients requirements due to change in morphology of human structure. Hence it is understand that there is a requirement of feasibility study for machining of the prosthesis based on the specific patient's requirements. Considering the above need a network project has been undertaken by CSIR for the development of prosthesis through conventional route. The machining is being carried out by first taking the CT scan data of the patient using MIMICS software, and then this data is being analyzed with suitable load in ANSYS to find out the Stress and strain of this intact femur bone after that the CAD model of femoral stem had been prepared Solid with & without collar, then FEA of femur bone carried out by placement of prosthesis in actual bone by meshing in ANSYS. The result shows that the hollow prosthesis has a better effect than the solid prosthesis as the weight is further reduced and the effect can be further improved by using Ti Alloy as prosthesis material. The machining is being carried out using CNC Machining centre Mikron m/c by preparing the required programme as per the profile of the prosthesis and then the parting operation of the prosthesis is performed using CNC wire cut EDM machine, to get the final prosthesis.


Typhoid is a serious systemic illness commonly presenting with fever and abdominal symptoms. However, it very rarely can manifest without any gastrointestinal symptoms and with acute indolent neurological features only which can pose a diagnostic challenge. We had a such a case which took a fatal course later on with sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and multi-organ failure. We did a literature survey on the unusual and extra-intestinal features of the disease. We found when associated with serious neurological findings, the disease has a worse prognosis. Vaccines along with public awareness should be promoted in endemic zones as the disease can often otherwise take a complicated course with high morbidity and mortality.


【Evaluation is to be seen a~ a central component of design activity. It is an attempt to ensure that the proposal which arises is accepted and that the resulting artefact itself suited to its purposes in practice. Recent surveys of Evaluation show that most methods require quantitative and explicit attributes. Always a significant part of the attributes of design proposals is qualitative. Therefore we need some study that convert qualitative attributes into quantitative scale values, because in many cases con\ulcornerclusions can be drawn about the order of the overall value of the design proposals. Following to Thurstone's psychological scaling methods, attributive values are assigned by ruting scale methods, met, hod of rank-order and method of paired comparisons. The problem of psycho\ulcornerlogical scaling is then to determine whether the stimuli can be ordered on a psychological continuum with respect to the degree of the attributes each possesses. The law of comparative judgement assumes that for a given stimulus there is associated a most frequently aroused or modal discriminal process on a psychological continuum. This paper is based upon the premise that the modal discriminul process will also be the same as the mean or median of the distribution.The objective of this paper is to argue for an acceptance of qualitative approaches to the evalua\ulcornertion of Design as a complement to the existing quantitative techniques. The scale values of 10 attri\ulcornerbutes \ulcorner(1) originality, (2) aesthetics, (3) satisfaction, (4) effeciency, (5) function, (6) size, (7) texture, (8) simplicity, (9) symbol, and (10) facility) in case of TV sets are obtained and their interactions are examined.】


The following report is based upon the difference in the response of forty-eight animals of different ages to a constant quantity of uranium nitrate. Dogs have been employed in all of the experiments. The animals have varied in age from puppies of four months old, to animals of extreme old age, one of the animals having reached the age of twenty years. All of the animals have received uranium nitrate in the dose of 6.7 mgs. per kilogram on two successive days. The uranium was given subcutaneously. The animals were fed on raw meat and bread. In a recent publication 2 it has been shown that when a constant quantity of uranium nitrate is given to young and full grown animals, that the age of the animal influences the total output of urine and also the composition of the urine. The total output of urine in a twenty-four hour period was greater in the adult animals. The percentage of glucose in the urine (Benedict determination) was greater in the adult animals than in the puppies. In the urine of the puppies acetone was either absent or present in very small amount. The urine of the adult animals invariably contained acetone. The present series of forty-eight animals shows the same differences in the total output of urine and in the composition of the urine as has been above referred to. In addition, these animals of different ages show certain other characteristics which are apparently dependent upon the age of the animal. 1. Ten of the animals were puppies varying in age from four to eight and a half months. Only one of these animals developed a glycosuria within the first twenty-four hours following the initial injection of 6.7 mgs. of uranium. The percentage of glucose in the urine of this animal was 0.103 per cent.


An apparatus for dispensing a plurality of fluids, the plurality of pumps (3) having a connector (22) for removable connection to individual pumps (3), to contain a fluid and connector mating member ( a container having a 41) (4), it comprises a least one actuator (36), for removing the container from the connector, with the actuator, cooperating operably engaged with the connector mating member the counterpart member and when engaged, device is configured to establish a fluid connection between it and the retraction on the connector and each pump (3) and the container (4).


We have reinvestigated the bond geometry of the${\rm{Si}}(111) \mbox{-} (\surd{3} \times \surd{3}){\rm{R30}}^\circ - {\rm{Ag}}$surface by means of low-energy electron diffraction using a much larger experimental data set than that previously used. The${\rm{Si}}(111) \mbox{-} (\surd{3}\times \surd{3}){\rm{R30}}^\circ - {\rm{Ag}}$surface consists of a$(\surd{3}\times \surd{3}){\rm{R30}}^\circ$lattice ofAgatoms which replaces the topmostSiatoms, and forces the remainingSiatoms to form trimers. TheAg-Agbond length turned out to be3.47±0.12 A. TheAgatoms are laterally displaced from the bulk positions of theSiatoms which they have replaced by 0.53 A resulting in aAg-Sibond length of2.36±0.17 A. The missing topSilayer and the formation ofSitrimers lead to strong distortions in deeperSilayers, most notably a buckling in the third and fourthSilayer with a magnitude of about 0.35 A and 0.2 A, respectively. Applying the concept of 'split positions', the low Debye temperature ofAghas been interpreted as being caused by strong in-plane (either static or dynamic) movements of the Ag atoms perpendicular to theAg-Sibonding.


In the article there were presented the results of researches of influence on study of Norwegian stimulator of root forming named Rudix Plus on regeneration properties of cuttings of Moldova and Vostorg table grapes of different lengths and as well the degrees of influence of studied factors on these indexes. The researched varieties have significant differences by a lot of important biological indexes including the potential rhizogenic activity of cuttings


This paper calculated the green index of 37 industries in Sichuan province by constructing a comprehensive model reflecting the economic contribution rate and environmental pollution contribution rate of industry, and the K-means method was used for clustering analysis. The results show that the green index of industry in Sichuan is at a good level among the country, but there is still a large development space. Based on the green index of clustering results show that the industry is divided into 4 major categories: encouraged development, optimized development, allowed development and restricted development, and the differentiated countermeasures proposed by the paper based on the research results are the practical needs of the green development of industries in the new era.


CANE SUGAR industries are going through severe economical crises. To increase profitability, they must use every product or by-product of cane. As an example of diversifying potential, ethanol and cellulose, both obtained from bagasse, are compared. In Mexico, bio-ethanol is worth around US$0.45 per litre, and about 200 litres can be obtained per tonne of dry bagasse. Non-treated dry bagasse contains 51.67% cellulose, 24.42% hemicelluloses, 10.23% soluble and 13.68% lignin. Thus, theoretically, 516.7 kg of cellulose can be obtained per tonne of bagasse. Whitened cellulose in Mexico is MX$4.50 to MX$5.00 (US$0.30 to US$0.33) per kg. Comparing bio-ethanol and cellulose revenue: ethanol is MX$1200 (US$80.00) vs. cellulose MX$2583.50 (US$172.20) per tonne of dry bagasse. Possible cellulose production from Mexican sugarcane (2007–2008): milled cane 46 518 988 t; dry bagasse 6 977 848 t; yielding 3 605 454 t cellulose. Presently Mexico imports 80% of required cellulose. Not all cellulose fibres from bagasse can be efficiently used as fuel. With the new technology developed and tested by us, all long fibres can be converted into cellulose, and 94% of pith can be burnt. However, auxiliary fuel (3.9 litres of heavy bunker C per milled tonne of cane is also required. It is important to establish laboratory methods to determine the real content of fibre convertible to cellulose and how biotechnology can help improve the quantity and quality of cellulose. These tests are to be performed at industrial laboratories and in accordance with official procedures.