Introduction: In 2015 the Directorate-General for Health of Portugal published new standards (DGS 001/2015) for the registration of cesarean section indicators. The existing scenario was the lack of data, influencing the quality of indicators and analyses on them. The use of a single computer tool was encouraged to register and compare indicators between hospitals with special attention to the Robson Classification as it employs basic information of pregnancy to classify all deliveries in 10 groups. The selected tool was Obscare


The aim of this project was to create a high-level expression system for halophilic dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DHLipDH), and use this system to express site-directed mutants to investigate structural features important in conferring halophilicity. Attempts were made to express the enzyme in Escherichia coli. Although large quantities of a glutathione-S-transferase-DHLipDH fusion product were obtained, it was found difficult to purify and cleave the DHLipDH fragment from the rest of the fusion. Homologous expression was finally achieved using a shuttle vector, capable of replicating in both Haloferax volcanii and E. coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified to near homogeneity by a combination of hydroxylapatite and Cu2+-chelate chromatography. Crystallisation trials using the purified product have identified conditions around which further optimisation should yield crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction. Using a molecular model, a putative K+-binding site was identified at the dimer interface of the enzyme, consisting of four coordinated glutamate residues. This site is apparently absent from the enzyme from non-halophilic sources, so was deemed a suitable target of site-directed mutagenesis. The site was perturbed and mutant proteins expressed in a strain of H. volcanii lacking DHLipDH activity, developed in collaboration with Dr. M. Dyall-Smith (University of Melbourne, Australia). Characterisation of these mutants have identified significant changes in the halophilic stability of the enzyme, and a role for the site in stabilising the protein in elevated salt conditions is discussed. Additionally, the region upstream of the DHLipDH gene in the genome has been sequenced and coding regions for components homologous to those from pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes (PDHC) identified. These complexes have never previously been found in the Archaea. The E2 component appears to have undergone an internal duplication event that would perturb formation of an active complex, possibly explaining the lack of activity of a PDHC in this organism.


Karen Wicklund, Singing Voice Rehabilitation. A Guide for the Voice Teacher and Speech-Language Pathologist. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar/Cengage Learning, 2010. Cloth, xxi, 241 pp., $87.95. ISBN 978-1-4354-3854-5 www.cengage.com/delmar When a singer suffers vocal injury, it is often the voice teacher who recognizes the need for treatment. Finding a laryngologist who is sensitive to the needs of singers is the first step in treating the injury; ideally, rehabilitation also includes a speech-language pathologist (SLP) and a singing voice specialist (SVS). Voice teachers-because they are not medically trained-are often reluctant to be actively involved in rehabilitation, but their expertise in the singing voice makes them valuable participants in the process. Karen Wicklund, who is both a voice teacher and a speech-language pathologist, has written Singing Voice Rehabilitation as a resource for both voice pedagogues and SLPs. The book begins with an overview of the healthy voice. Color diagrams and photographs enhance detailed explanations of the systems for respiration, phonation/registration, resonance, and articulation. The author elucidates common voice disorders, and the psychosocial effects of singing voice loss. Even if the voice is rehabilitated, the singer may have to accept that it may have changed, and Wicklund enumerates coping strategies for this scenario. Often, singers who have experienced voice injury are stigmatized, for others may assume it was caused by misuse or abuse. Injured singers may hesitate to seek help, or rehabilitated singers may be reluctant to share their experiences. In Singing Voice Rehabilitation, Wicklund recounts her own challenges with two separate voice injuries: a contact granuloma caused by an intubation, and a vocal fold hemorrhage stemming from fever. Her recovery is a testimony to the importance of rehabilitation, while her frank discussion about the process is an excellent model of openness. The entire book is a useful tool for voice teachers, but the sections devoted to therapeutic voice exercises and song repertoire are particularly valuable. Wicklund presents specific vocalises for rehabilitation organized according to the systems of the healthy voice. Pedagogues who send students to SLPs often encounter confusion on the part of the injured singers because the exercises are not tailored to the singing voice. Wicklund deftly fills this gap with therapeutic vocalises in musical notation. Similarly, the suggested repertoire allows students to sing-in a non-injurious way-while recuperating. Both classical and music theater repertoire are included. For each song, the title, composer, and publisher are identified, as well as the key, range, tessitura, and incipit. In addition, the author delineates the criteria for songs that are appropriate for therapeutic purposes (including aspects of range, tessitura, intervals, volume, and articulation), thus encouraging voice teachers to explore additional song repertoire similar to the representative examples. …


The present paper takes a broad view on our previous experimental studies of flows behind different single and dual configurations from passive disks or active rotors to establish new aspects of the wake development [1-4]. The aim of the present examination is to obtain a better understanding of the wake formations and interactions between wind turbines in wind farms. A correlation between independent investigations of the near [1] and far wakes behind single [2] and dual [3-4] systems will be established to the same operating regimes and flow conditions. New examinations of the old data need because two main differences in the wake behaviour for the disk-disk and the rotor-rotor systems were found: the wake intensity grows for the dual disks in comparison with the single one, but in contrast to this, wake intensity behind the dual rotor system is smaller than the one behind a single rotor. These differences may be explained by an influence of the rotor tip vortices which are absent in the disk-disk model. The present retesting of the near and far wake data should provide an evidence of this conclusion.


The developments and applications of poly-nitrogen energetic materials are reviewed.The experimental and theoretical research progresses of per-nitrogen,azide and high-nitrogen compounds are introduced.The physical and chemical properties of some high-nitrogen compounds which are the potential candidates as high-energy density materials are evaluated.The advantages and disadvantages of the units composing of poly-nitrogen compounds are compared and they may provide some useful suggestions for molecular design.


A finite element model is presented for the analysis of the thermal stress development in a body with temperature dependent material properties. The thermal model allows a change of phase to occur within the body and an elasto-viscoplastic constitutive relationship is used for the stress analysis. An example is given of the applicability of the technique to the analysis of continuous casting in metals.


RESPECT THE INVENTION AQUEOUS COMPOSITION HAVING TWO FLAVORED COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL INCORPORATED NOTES AND A WATER-INSOLUBLE OLEORESIN EXTRAITE OF DRIED FRUIT, SUCH OLEORESIN PRODUCING FEELING STRONGER THAN ESSENTIAL OIL AND THIS IS SOLUBLE ESSENTIAL OIL, FLAVORING COMPOSITION FORMING A 5 0.01 WEIGHT OF WATER COMPOSITION The oLEORESIN FORMING AROUND 0.001 A 0.01 WEIGHT OF WATER COMPOSITION AND WEIGHT REPORT TO THE ESSENTIAL OIL 'oLEORESIN bEING AT LEAST APPROXIMATELY 101.


Hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, doped with 0.3 to 5.0mass% Na3PO4 as external sintering aid was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Densification of the powder blend was performed by hot-pressing at 1200°C for 30min. The overall microstructure of the material was composed of homogenous, equiaxed hydroxyapatite grains with an average size of about 1.5μm. Apart from the matrix grains, a sodium-plus calcium-containing secondary phase, β-NaCaPO4, precipitated at triple pockets of few hundred nanometer scale. The occurrence of this precipitated phase was typically accompanied by microcrack formation. Microcrack opening typically occurred at one edge of the three or four visible phase boundaries. It should be emphasized that nearly all of the secondary phase pockets revealed such a microcrack. The microcrack formation process is likely to be governed by two interacting material characteristics the thermal expansion mismatch of the adjacent phases and the interface bonding strength.


Speculative multithreading (SpMT) promises to be an effective mechanism for parallelizing non-numeric programs, which tend to use irregular data structures with pointers and have complex flows of control. Proper thread formation is crucial to obtaining good speedup in an SpMT system. This paper presents a compiler framework for partitioning a sequential program into multiple threads for parallel execution in an SpMT system. This framework is very general, and supports a wide variety of threads, such as speculative threads, non-speculative threads, loop-centric threads, and out-of-order thread spawning. The compiler uses profiling, intra-procedural pointer analysis, data dependence information and control dependence information. The compiler is implemented on the SUIF-MachSUIF platform. A simulation-based evaluation of the generated threads shows that an average speedup of 3 can be obtained with 6 processing elements for non-numeric programs. This speedup reduces to 2 if we use only loop-based threads.


Objective:To construction the blood group A mimitope and GST fusion protein expression vector and determine the mimic ability of the fusion protein.Method:The P17 and GST genes were amplified by PCR and ligated as P17-GST gene. The P17-GST gene was cloned into pET28b plasmid and named pET28b-P17-GST. Restrict digest and sequencing were used to identify the correct pET28b-P17-GST plasmid. Then the pET28b-P17-GST was transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3), P17-GST fusion protein was induced by IPTG and purified by Ni-NTA resin. The inhibit agglutination assay was used to determine the group A-mimic ability of the fusion protein.Result:The pET28b-P17-GST vector was constructed successfully and could express the fusion protein efficiently. The purified fusion protein could inhibit the group A red blood cell agglutination induced by anti-A antibody in a dose dependent manner.Conclusion:The P17-GST fusion protein can mimic the blood group A antigen and has the potential to instead of natural blood group A antigen.


Under the new background of the cultural globalization's development, advocating multicultural coexistence and the fusion development of culture. Language is the carrier of culture, countries disseminate culture through their second language in the process of cultural integration development. However, cultures which are not superior are being misunderstood and lack of culture-confidence by disseminator in the process of transmission .Culture disseminator has international feelings, can objectively treat cultural differences, enhance self-confidence of their national culture, and so on. They are the way of cultural transmission during second language promotion. Then culture spread can be more rational and interactivity to others, and thus more likely to be accepted by others (including advantage literacy). Finally, we can truly achieve a variety of culture and other cultures eclecticism and complement with each other, innovate culture in the absorption and transformation, in order to adapt to the development of globalization and diversification requirements.


This study aims to reveal gay habitus in Becky Albertalli's Simon VS The Homo Sapiens Agenda. This study is descriptive qualitative which applies both intrinsic and extrinsic approaches. The intrinsic approach is applied due to the fact that the study deals with the characterization of the main character in the novel. Moreover, the sociological approach is applied because the study is primarily concerned with a social phenomenon reflected in  literary work as the novel portrays the representation of gay habitus reflected in the attitude and behaviours of one of the main characters in the novel. In revealing the gay habitus reflected in the novel, Bourdieu's theory of habitus is applied. The discussion is focused on the Simon's habitation as a gay and the factors that contribute to the formation of Simon's habitus as a gay. The result of the study shows that Simon develops gay habitus. The representations of his gay habitus include are having no attraction to the opposite sex, adoring the same sex, obsessing and fantasizing about the same sex, feeling jealous and cynical to the suspected competitors, and falling in love with the same sex. There are two factors that support the development of Simon's gay habitus i.e. primary and secondary socialization.


Mobile augmented reality (MAR) is a killer application of mobile edge computing because of its high computation demand and stringent latency requirement. Since edge networks and computing resources are highly dynamic, handling such dynamics is essential for providing high-quality MAR services. In this paper, we design a new network protocol named DARE (dynamic adaptive AR over the edge) that enables mobile users to dynamically change their AR configurations according to wireless channel conditions and computation workloads in edge servers. The dynamic configuration adaptations reduce the service latency of MAR users and maximize the quality of augmentation (QoA) under varying network conditions and computation workloads. Considering the video frame size and computation model, i.e., object detection algorithms, as two key parameters in adapting the AR configuration, we develop analytical models to characterize the impact of these parameters on QoA and the service latency. Then, we design optimization mechanisms on both the edge server and AR devices to guide the AR configuration adaptation and server computation resource allocation. The performance of the DARE protocol is validated through a small-scale testbed implementation.


An ACL injury has been the most common injury for several years. Athletes and players who play the game have the same risk factor to have it. Injury prevention programs must be conducted among teams and could remove team injury costs in medical staff and rehabilitation. This review aims to conduct one prevention program for ACL injury in Indonesian soccer athletes. In Indonesia, this program needs support from all stakeholders, including the coach, chief executor manager


In the 1970s Stanford University [2] Embryologist Harold Heath sent a box of photographs to Frederick B. Churchill [3], who was a Professor in the History and Philosophy of Science Department at Indiana University [4]. Heath was born in Indiana, he knew that Churchill was the leading historian of embryology [5], and he wanted his photographs to be used and therefore wanted them to be housed somewhere with an interest in the history of biology. Heath made it clear that he was donating the photographs for use by scholars and the public. At Indiana University [4], graduate student Jane Maienschein cataloged the collection. As Maienschein understood it, Churchill held any copyright authority on the photographs of modern biologists.


ABSTRACT IMPACT: Advanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging techniques can help to protect cancer patients from cardiotoxicity from immunotherapy with a more sensitive assessment of cardiac function with strain imaging for detection of abnormal cardiac function in the setting of normal left ventricular ejection fraction. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are associated with fatal cardiotoxicity. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can assess ICI-associated cardiotoxicity, but the utility of CMR strain imaging is unknown. We present a study of patients with ICI-associated cardiotoxicity evaluated with fast strain-encoded (fast-SENC) CMR. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This prospective study was approved by the institutional IRB and informed consent was obtained from 15 patients (5 patients with ICI-associated cardiotoxicity, 10 controls patients) between August 2018 and January 2020. All patients with ICI-associated cardiotoxicity had abnormal troponin values and evidence of cardiotoxicity on T2-weighted and/or delayed enhancement CMR images. All patients underwent standard CMR assessment with steady state free precession cine images, T2-weighted imaging, and delayed gadolinium enhancement imaging. Additionally, free-breathing SENC images were obtained and then processed by a team of blinded cardiovascular imaging specialists using Myostrain software (Morrisville, USA). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was normal in both groups (ï,³53%). Global longitudinal LV strain was significantly depressed in the ICI cardiotoxicity group versus controls (-12.8 ±3.2% vs. -16.6 ±1.9%, p=0.028). The average global circumferential LV strain was mildly abnormal (defined as strain > -17) in the ICI cardiotoxicity group and trended towards a higher value compared with controls (-16.0 ±2.6% vs -17.8 ±1.7%, p=0.103). The average number of dysfunctional segments (defined as strain > -10) was significantly higher in the ICI cardiotoxicity group (6.8 ±4.2 vs. 1.0 ±1.7, p=0.017). The proportion of abnormal myocardium was higher in the ICI cardiotoxicity group (66 ±21% vs. 45 ±18%, p=0.050), as well as the proportion of myocardium found to be dysfunctional (26 ±22% vs. 3.0 ±6.0%, p=0.041). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Despite having preserved LVEF, patients who met criteria for ICI-associated cardiotoxicity had both global and regional abnormal LV strain. Fast-SENC imaging may provide a sensitive tool for detection of early cardiotoxicity in this population. This study is limited by its small cohort and a larger prospective study would be of value.


Despite the widespread use of various methods for evaluating the effectiveness of business processes, their application in practice to determine the fruitfulness of the activities of economic security units of economic entities remains a very controversial point. It is possible to set numerical specific indicators of the results of the activities of economic security specialists only after a comprehensive analysis of their functional tasks. In the article, the authors considered the contradictory nature of establishing business indicators for the activities of the economic security service of an economic entity, singled out separately digital indicators that directly affect the company's profit, and separately-which are neutral, that is, do not affect this indicator, but are necessary for a comprehensive assessment.


An important trend in modern Renaissance drama criticism has been /' to allow presentational elements like costume, gesture, and properties a status in "practical," explicative criticism equal to that enjoyed by rhetorical elements like imagery and metaphor, which have been prime matter for analysis since the advent of the New Criticism. In the wake of an influential 1949 essay by the late Alan S. Downer,1 which made use of such terms as the "language" of props, setting and action, "imagery in action" and "costume as symbol," there emerged in style studies a fresh awareness that the domain of drama criticism is the play not merely as verbal matrix, but as dromenon something to be performed.2 Pro-


Funding announced under Intake Two of COMRIF to improve wastewater and bridge infrastructure in the Municipality of Port Hope and the Township of Alnwick/Haldimand.


In terms of a gauge-invariant matrix parametrization of the fields, we give an analysis of how the mass gap could arise in non-Abelian gauge theories in two spatial dimensions.


The vibrational spectra of palladium phthalocyanine (PdPc) evaporated thin solid films are reported, including the resonance Raman scattering, surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) and SERRS mapping of the film surface using micro-Raman spectroscopy with 633 nm laser radiation. SERRS of PdPc was obtained by evaporating an overlayer of Ag nanoparticles on to the PdPc film on glass. The SERRS enhancement factor is estimated as ∼104 with reference to PdPc evaporated films on glass. The molecular organization of the PdPc evaporated films was probed using transmission and reflection–absorption infrared spectra. It was established that a random molecular distribution found in PdPc evaporated films is independent of temperature. No evidence of thermal degradation due to thermal annealing was found in the films. Electronic absorption and emission spectra are also discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This study is a genre analysis carried out on postgraduates' theses and dissertations in Iran as an Asian academic setting. The researchers seek to uncover: (1) the generic structure of MA theses, (2) the generic structure of Ph.D. dissertations, (3) any probable differences between these two groups. "statement of the problem" section of 48 MA and Ph.D. dissertations from 2001 to 2008 in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) at Mazandaran, Tehran and Allame Tabatabaee universities was selected. For the quantitative method of data analysis, frequency counts, and for the qualitative method, genre analysis was used. Samples were categorized both according to the year they were written and the university they belonged to. The study enjoyed a second rater with inter-rater reliability about 0.93. Results revealed that there was a significant difference in writing "statement of the problem" in different time periods and different universities in the sense that students in different degrees, time periods, and universities employed quite different generic structures for writing. However, postgraduates in recent years (especially 2005-2008); regardless of their degree and university, seem to use much more similar generic structures which indicates a general genre awareness.


Natural modes of oscillations are well defined for standard linear mechanical systems where the mass and stiffness matrices are symmetric positive definite. One may expect that traveling-waves of body oscillations in undulatory locomotion (e.g. snake crawling, eel swimming) may be explained as a natural oscillation of the associated dynamics. However, body-environment interactions in undulatory locomotion give nonstandard dynamics where the stiffness matrix is asymmetric. We propose an analogous definition for natural oscillations for such nonstandard systems to explain traveling waves observed in undulatory locomotion as mode shapes. Moreover, we show that frequency and amplitude of undulation can be well defined by the resonance to maximize the gain from the bending moment to the locomotion speed. The results will be useful for motion planning for robotic locomotion systems.


The purpose of writing the current paper is to identify the driving affecting factors on total quality management. In the research which is applicable from goal view and descriptive from data collection view, a questionnaire was considered for data gathering which was distributed among statistical sample (93 employees of National Olympic Academy) after proving its validity and reliability. The results of applying Chi Square and Friedman test illustrated the positive effect of Attending to customers, Continues improvement, Team work, Training and development, Top management commitment, Communications and Measurement and feedback on total quality management. Also the results of applying Binomial test show that all variables apart from team work were posed in favorable levels. Finally some suggestions were represented for managers to improve total quality management in their organization in terms of its defined dimensions.


An in-flight simulation program was conducted to explore, in a generalized way, the influence of spoiler-type roll-control nonlinearities on handling qualities. The roll responses studied typically featured a dead zone or very small effectiveness for small control inputs, a very high effectiveness for mid-range deflections, and low effectiveness again for large inputs. A linear force gradient with no detectable breakout force was provided. Given otherwise good handling characteristics, it was found that moderate nonlinearities of the types tested might yield acceptable roll control, but the best level of handling qualities is obtained with linear, aileron-like control.


Antimony-121 Mossbauer spectra for [Sb2F42+][SbF6−]2 and three compounds containing the [Sb3F14−] ion are reported. The Mossbauer data are discussed in relation to their known structures. Two of th...


Objective To compare the vulnerability to atrial tachycardia between the rabbit and the dog and establish an ideal atrial tachycardia model. Methods 20 adult New Zealand white rabbits were devided into pating group and control group. For the pacing group(n=11) rapid atrial pacing(RAP) at a frequency of 10Hz was given for 2 hours to establish electrical remodeling, while the control group(n=9) just got false operation. Then the heart was isolated and a Langendorff-perfused model was established. Standard electrophysiology study was underwent at both atrium to observe the inducibility of atrial arrhythmias. 18 mongrel dogs were anesthetized and the hearts were exposed by intersternal ectomy. Standard electrophysiology study were performed at atrium before and after RAP(10Hz) fo 2 hours from both appendage to observe the inducibility of atrial arrhythmias. Results (1) In both of the rabbit and the dog, the inducibility of atrial fibrillation(Af) was increased significantly by RAP fo 2 hours The duration of the induced Af was significantly longer in dog than in rabbit. (2) The persistent atrial flutter(AF) was easily induced in both of the group of RAP and control in the rabbits (7/11 vs 5/9, P=1.000). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the duration of AF[(39.8±54.4 )Sec vs (70.7±62.2) Sec,P=0.381]. AF could not be induced in the dogs. (3) All of the AF in the rabbits can be induced by a single premature stimulus or by S1S1 pacing and can be ceased by overdrive pacing. Conclusion It was easier to establish Af model in dog than in rabbit. New Zealand white rabbit may be more suitable to establish AF model.


SUMMARY H onours programmes are a recent and fast growing development in Dutch universities. The first such programmes started in 1993. Ten years later 25 programmes have been launched at ten universities. Significant are the diversity in the type of programmes, their length, and their positioning in the curriculum. In this study we describe the types of programmes, the certificates involved, the procedures for selection of the students, and the factors that influence their functioning as experiments for educational innovations. We also present a typology of honours programmes in The Netherlands and describe their spin-off effects in the regular programmes. At least 16 of the 25 programmes did indeed have the function of a living laboratory for educational innovations in the regular programmes. We indicate key issues in understanding spin-off effects. Our main question whether honours programmes have innovative capacities for the normal curriculum is answered positively. After proven success, many innovations of the honours programmes are indeed implemented in the regular curriculum.


It had to happen eventually: Bluecrest Health Screening has sent me my very own invitation for one of its private health assessments.

The invitation included a venue, a date, and a request that I call them to organise a time. The company takes out full page advertisements in national newspapers, claiming that you can "Help avoid a stroke with your New Year Health MOT" and asking, "Why leave your health to chance when you can be in control?"

The company offers "Five free tests when you accept in the next 28 days." Its tests include body fat percentage; "hydration levels"; height, weight, and body mass index percentages; and …


Topological heavy-fermion systems in three dimensions are usually classified as topological in-sulators or semimetals. Here, we theoretically predict a different type of heavy-fermion system (dubbed exceptional heavy-fermion semimetal) by studying a three-dimensional periodic Anderson model consisting of strongly correlated localized f electrons and itinerant conduction c electrons in a zincblende lattice. Due to the breaking of inversion symmetry, the quasiparticle lifetimes at different sublattices are distinct, leading to the emergence of Weyl exceptional rings in the complex pole of the Green's function at finite temperatures; such rings lead to the appearance of bounded Fermi surfaces (bulk Fermi disks). As temperatures rise, two pairs of Weyl exceptional rings merge into two exceptional rings with one bounded bulk Fermi surface (bulk Fermi tube), which are experimentally measurable by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Finally, we use the dynamical mean field theory to calculate the spectral functions which illustrate the emergence of bulk Fermi tubes. Our work thus opens the door for studying exceptional heavy-fermion semimetal phases in three dimensions.


At Northwestern University the Personnel Department helps individual departments in studies related to word processing equipment selection. Many departments have acquired standalone word processors from a number of different vendors. The result has been that the specialized word processing needs of departments are being covered. However, universities are not as knowledgeable as industry in applying the new technology.
 For this reason I've gone to industry to learn how Office Automation is currently being applied. My experience has shown that the academic computing centers with their strong technical base have a role to play in evaluating how the new technology represented by Office Automation can best be delivered to the university.
 Because of this new technology, futurists predict that by the year 2000 nearly three fourths of the workforce will be engaged in managing information rather than producing goods. Already one half of the workforce can be classified as knowledge workers. Within universities almost everyone is already a knowledge worker.
 During the decade of the 70's industrial workers experienced a 78 percent increase in productivity while clerical workers realized only a four percent increase. It has been argued that this happened partly because industrial workers are supported by an average capital investment of 64,000. Can similar productivity increases be made in offices and can Office Automation technology result in cost savings for universities?


To our knowledge, no studies concerning anatomy preparedness among allied health students have been conducted. Undergraduate anatomy coursework often introduces students to the rigor of professional school and establishes a base upon which further clinical knowledge will be built. However, undergraduate anatomy courses are not universally available and if available, course content is highly variable. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anatomy preparedness and performance in a professional anatomy curriculum among allied health students.


ABSTRACT Objective Multicenter studies showed that early goal directed therapy (EGDT) did not improve outcome in patients with septic shock compared with undefined usual care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a protocolized resuscitation care compared to traditional EGDT in early management of septic shock on short-term mortality. Design A randomized controlled trail. Setting Emergency Department and Critical Care Units of Alexandria main university hospital. Patients 100 adult patients of both genders with septic shock. Methods All patients received early fluid resuscitation, empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and mechanical ventilation if indicated. Then, they were randomly assigned into two groups: Early goal directed therapy (EGDT) group (n = 50) and Protocolized resuscitation care (PRC) group (n = 50). Results EGDT group showed 20% reduction in need for vasopressor than PRC group with significant difference (p = 0.001). PRC group showed lower mortality rate than EGDT group but with no significant difference (p = 0.405). There were no differences in ICU stay, mechanical ventilation days and duration of vasopressor (p= 0.091, 0.243, 0.372 respectively). Conclusion A Protocolized resuscitation care may be beneficial as compared to EGDT in early management of septic shock with a non-significant trend to decrease mortality.


We have investigated several new concepts and geometries for graphene-based photodetectors. In particular these are: a metal-graphene-metal photodetector, a photodetector with shadow masks, and a microcavity-enhanced graphene photodetector.


typically secondary to emotional disorders, and not physicians who treat dyspnoea. Nevertheless, a careful review of the physical conditions that accompany hyperventilation, and conditions that have been shown to be causally related to it are likewise detailed. And, the extensive research and clinical sources cited are overwhelmingly drawn from medical sources. The statement that "hyperventilation can be diagnosed on the basis of symptoms alone" is, I regret to say, taken out of context. What I said is that hyperventilation can be determined only by examining alveolar PCO2, but that since this procedure is not available to most practioners, symptoms will have to suffice. And, I then listed the symptoms commonly acknowledged by, among others, the "Dutch" group. My "aversion" to the use of the hyperventilation challenge arose from my discovery in the medical literature of warnings that it is a hazardous procedure. The sources of these warnings are, of course, cited in the book. Quite correctly, Dr Bass includes coronary heart disease and epilepsy as the two reasons for avoiding it. Stroke has also been documented. This should give the reader a clue: serious acid-base shifts, blood pressure changes, and both cerebral and peripheral vasospasm have been frequently observed. Since many patients with hyperventilation report chest symptoms, it seems to me imprudent for anyone to employ this technique. I did not propose the hyperventilation/ hypoxia theory of anxiety and panic disorder. I merely cited it and I endorse it. As for the failure to cite recent work, I would like to point out that the book was issued in January 1987. The reader may note that there are 1986 references in it. The work to which Dr Bass refers, ifmemory serves me, was not available at that time. It is now, and a revised edition, updating references, is in the works. The work on PCO2 biofeedback was aimed at training patients with idiopathic seizures to produce normocapnia, and not to engender a mediative state, contrary to Dr Bass's contention-although in some instances, such a state was indeed reported by them. And, contrary to his statement, at least four publications reporting controlled studies of 1601


Privilege of silence is not only a fundamental right of the suspect and the defendant but also a key element of the doctrine of innocence presumption. The article lays an emphasis on the necessity of the establishment of privilege of silence in China, meanwhiIe states the defects of it. The author attempts to analyze the privilege in terms of beneficial balance and legal restriction.


The three major apprehensions of privatization are job insecurity, employee exploitation and negligence of social objectives. All these are the social concerns associated with the process. Therefore, there need to be a social alternative to combat the problem. Reforms in India have focused largely on the problems in the areas of trade, fiscal and industrial. Little attention has been paid to developing institutions such as social welfare, education, health, etc. If the mechanisms for delivering these services are under developed, as is the situation in most states, what are the chances of constructing a minimum social safety? And without such a safety net in place, any large-scale program of economic reforms will be politically unsustainable. In contrast, with a social safety net in place, there is likely to be less resistance to privatization and change in general.


This article describes the study of the thermal expansion coefficient of a TiNbTaZr alloy by a dilatometric differential method used to determine phase transformation temperatures. The object of the study was samples of an alloy of TiNbTaZr with a variable composition, which underwent homogenizing annealing and rotary forging. According to the obtained results, all the studied alloys have three temperature regions, which are distinguished in the graphs of uniform elongation with increasing temperature.


Villages in cities are city communities emerging with the rapid progress of industrialization and urbanization. The reformation of the villages in cities is, in essence, game activities between property right and market as well as government and peasants, which take city development and city construction as their strain and are reflected in the relation interest re-allocation and systematic transformation. Different institutions of land property right have different efficiency of land allocation, and the optimal allocation of city land depends on the effective city land allocation institution. The reformation of Villages in cities is a process of transformation overriding by modern city management system. In the process, modern city management replaces the village management system, and city life replaces the village life. The reformation of villages in cities had peasants lost land, which make them lose the premium of negotiation with cities. The peasants are in negative position in urbanization and are separated. The transformation of village life to urban life becomes more passive and slower.


The magnetic and structural properties of NiCr2O4 synthesized through chemical co-precipitation technique are reported. In-situ high temperature x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of the as-synthesized NiCr2O4 samples measured in air as well as He atmosphere suggests the phase formation takes place around 800 to 900 °C suppressing the Cr2O3 impurity phase. Upon cooling no change in crystal structure is observed confirming the phase formation process is thermodynamically irreversible one. Cubic structure of NiCr2O4 is retained up to 1100 °C contrary to the reported tetragonal phase observed at such elevated temperature. NiCr2O4 samples calcined at 900 °C and 1100 °C respectively, have been used for microstructural and magnetic studies. The particles are found to have a broad size distribution in the micrometer range without any undesired impurities. Curie temperature (TC) is found to be 86.5 ± 0.2 K for the sample calcined at 900 °C whereas it is reduced to 74.2 ± 0.08 K for the sample calcined at 1100 °C. For both the samples the magnetic transition observed at 30.2 ± 1.7 K (TS) is remained unchanged that marks the ordering of antiferromagnetic component below it. The spontaneous magnetization (Ms) values for NiCr2O4 calcined at 900 °C and 1100 °C are found to be 0.122 ± 0.002 μB/f.u. (at 5 K) and 0.179 ± 0.002 μB/f.u. (at 3 K), respectively that are less than the reported value. Magnetic field dependent magnetization measurements under zero field cooled (MZFC) and field cooled (MFC) condition shows absence of exchange bias effect in these samples at low temperatures.


We are seeking a ``logic of polytime'', not yet one more axiomatization, but an intrinsically polytime system. Our methodological bias will be to consider that the expressive power of a system is the complexity of its cut-elimination procedure, and we therefore seek a system with a polytime complexity for cut-elimination (to be precise: besides the size of the proof, there will be an auxiliary parameter, the depth, controlling the degree of the polynomial). This cannot be achieved within classical or intuitionistic logics because of structural rules, especially contraction: this is why the complexity of cut-elimination in all extant logical systems (including the standard version of linear logic which controls structural rules without forbidding them) is catastrophic, elementary (towers of exponentials) or worse. Light Linear Logic (LLL) is a purely logical system with a more careful handling of structural rules: this system is strong enough to represent all polytime functions, but cut-elimination is (locally) polytime. With LLL, our control over the complexity of cut-elimination improves greatly. But this is not the only potentiality of LLL: why not transform it into a system of mathematics and try to formalize ``polytime mathematics'' in the same way as Heyting arithmetic formalizes constructive mathematics? The possibility is clearly open, since LLL admits extensions into a naive set-theory, with full comprehension, still with polytime cut-elimination. This system admits full induction on data types, which shows that, within LLL, induction is compatible with low complexity.


The case of Kosovo"s independence raised concern regarding setting a precedence for other pro self-determination movements in the world. The critical question is if the Kosovo case actually sets a precedent for these movements or if it is a unique case due to its sui generis situation. This paper is an attempt to analyze the legality and the legitimate right of Kosovo to become an independent state. The study examines the phenomenon of the creation of new states in the world, looking at historical events such as decolonization and the dissolution of communist countries in Eastern Europe. In addition, I have included facts describing the continuous acts of genocide perpetrated by Serbs over the years and the ethnic cleansing and expulsion of Albanian populations through the centuries. Equally important is the analysis of Kosovo"s status within the 1974 Constitution and its abolition, which in one way started the dissolution of the SFRY. This paper concludes that Kosovo has a historical and legal right to be independent due to its uniqueness in suffering a long history of genocide, ethnic cleansing, the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia, the extended period of the United Nations administration, and the United Nations negotiations toward independence with international support. T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S INTRODUCTION..................................................................................1 LITERATURE REVIEW.....................................................................8 THE CREATION OF NEW STATES IN THE WORLD.............................25 DECOLONIZATION AS A NEW STATE CREATOR.............................................28 DISSOLUTION OF USSR, YUGOSLAVIA, AND CZECHOKOSLOVAKIA.............34 A CONCISE HISTORY OF KOSOVO....................................................52 KOSOVO AND ALBANIA, A SEPARATION OF CHILD FROM MOTHER............55 KOSOVO BEFORE AND AFTER WWII..........................................................63 KOSOVO STATUS WITHIN THE 1974 CONSTITUTION, ITS ABOLITION AND THE DISSOLUTION OF SFRY....................................................69 IMPORTANT FACTS OF THE 1974 CONSTITUTION........................................71 ABOLITION OF KOSOVO'S AUTONOMY......................................................74 KOSOVO AS A CONTINUATION OF THE YUGOSLAV DISSOLUTION...............77 CONCLUSION................................................................................79 BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................82 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................89 TABLES AND MAPS.........................................................................91


Characteristic of   the jet   streams over India and to its nortl1 in winter were studied with the daily vertical cross-sections (1200 GMT) along 75°E from SoN to 60°N for the period 1 to 15 February 1967. It was observed that there are three separate jet cores present in this latitude belt  on most of the days, located on an average at 43oN, 31ON and 23oN. Of these three, the most stable and persistent one is the second, which is located between Delhi and Srinagar, at 200-mb level with an average maximum speed of 140-145 kt. The one to its south is weaker and quite variable in location as well as altitude. The jet at 31oN, therefore, has been called the primary sub-tropical jet over India and its characteristics studied. Based on this study, a model cross-section has been prepared for this STJ. The descriptions of the STJ at 23oN and of PFJ (Polar Front Jet) at 43ON are included.


Most commercial ultrasonic phased array systems implement B– and C–scan methods which use flight time and amplitude of flaw echoes. However, these methods are based on the fundamental ray–tracing theory in homogeneous media, and they are not directly applicable to heterogeneous media because of the complicated phenomenon of wave propagation. Time reversal techniques are adaptive methods that can be used in nondestructive evaluation to improve flaw detection in heterogeneous media. In this study, we propose a simulation–aided flaw imaging method based on the time reversal approach. Scattered waves from a flaw are recorded using an array transducer, and the time–reversed waves are re–emitted in the image–based FIT simulation. The reemitted waves propagate through the heterogeneous media and focus on the flaw. The shape of the flaw can be visually estimated from the focal point of the ultrasonic wave in the simulation.


This paper presents a new approach to the estimation of epicardial potentials from measured body surface potentials. This problem is ill-posed, and regularization techniques, through incorporation of a priori information on the solution, provide an efficient way of improving the quality of the estimates. During a cardiac cycle, the time-evolution of the epicardial potentials presents a very structured character which is the consequence of underlying propagation phenomena. In order to account for this a priori information, we introduce a linear prediction model that explicitly relates the epicardial potentials at two consecutive time instants. The linear prediction model, along with the usual relationship between epicardial and body surface potentials, makes up a state-space representation of the system. Epicardial potentials can then be estimated using efficient time-recursive techniques such as Kalman filtering. Simulation results obtained with real epicardial data indicate the validity of the linear prediction model; comparison of the reconstructed epicardial potentials with those produced by existing methods confirm the interest of the ap-


The paper is a part of investigation near one of the busiest Lithuanian roads with big percentage of heavy traffic where the spectrum of traffic noise and efficiency of existing noise screens also enhancement of them have been studied. The paper presents use of finite element method (FEM) for traffic noise prediction at low (16-200 Hz) frequencies also for modelling of noise barriers and enhancement of them by adding tops (heads). Acoustic field transformation simulation model is prepared within COMSOL software. Model is verified according investigation in situ (measurements) and deals with divergence loss, diffraction from obstacles, absorption and reflection from surfaces of cylindrical sound waves solving Helmholtz equation. Numerical prediction showed that investigated additional tops can improve effectiveness of noise barrier either at low frequencies (Leq(16-200 Hz)) up to ~2 dB and up to ~7 dB at discrete frequencies.


Insurance has been an integral part of financial services system and recognized as a cornerstone of a country's financial health & symbol of progress. Globalization of insurance market, as a part of the overall process of liberalization in emerging and other countries enabled the foreign insurance companies to enter in those countries & benefited both. Triggered by the sound fundamentals in global economy & internationalization of world markets, several countries turned towards free market regimes in banking and insurance, putting an end to several decade-old state-owned controlled markets. There was a remarkable progress in the Indian insurance industry soon after the acceptance and adaptation of LPG in the year 1991. After 1991, the Indian life insurance industry has geared up in all respects, as well as it being forced to face a lot of healthy competition from many national as well as international private insurance players. It is well known fact that the North Eastern Region of the country is lagging behind in all respects and hence the fruits of LPG whether desirably achieved or not is a matter of concern. In this paper an effort is made to study the business of life insurance in the North Eastern Region of India and a comparative assessment of life insurance in the North Eastern Region with respect to all India contexts. Further, effort is also made to highlight the major issues, opportunities and challenges that are facing the life insurer in the North Eastern Region of India in the globalized environment.


Drinking and Smoking Habits and Urinary Level of Hippuric Acid in Adults not Exposed to Toluene: Edna Maria Alvarez‐leite, et al. Department of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais‐UFMG, Brazil—Hippuric acid (HA) is still the biomarker most used for monitoring exposure to toluene, but it is produced by the body even in the absence of this solvent, and has the disadvantage of showing significant variation in and between individuals, depending on environmental factors and individual characteristics. A number of studies have reported the influence of individual drinking and smoking habits on toluene metabolism, but the effect on urinary excretion of HA is still controversial. This study was conducted in an attempt to examine whether these individual habits also affect HA excretion in individuals not exposed to toluene. Urine sample from 195 people (99 women and 96 men), ranging in age from 17 to 46 years old, were collected. The individuals were classified in groups according their drinking and smoking habits. The data from the current study indicate that these two social habits, either separately or combined, do not influence basal urinary HA levels in this study group.


The objective of the study was to develop buccal adhesive tablets of Simvastatin using mucoadhesive
polymers. Simvastatin has short biological half-life (3hr), high first-pass metabolism and poor oral
bioavailability..


A Ti:sapphire hollow-tube laser has been pumped with annular plasma emission from a hypocycloidal pinch-plasma (HCP).1 The plasma color temperature was approximately 1 eV. The hollow of the Ti:sapphire tube was filled with dye solution for spectrum conversion2 from the near-uv to 490-nm pump band of Ti laser. These new ideas for improving the laser pumping efficiency were experimentally demonstrated. The operating conditions of the HCP were the following: The input electrical energy to HCP was 3.57 kJ, argon fill gas pressure 90 Torr, and Coumarin 503 dye as the spectrum converter. The pump pulse had a halfwidth of 13µs and a rise time of 2µs. The dimensions of the laser cavity were cavity length 295 mm, gain length 150 mm. Ti:sapphire crystal was in a hollow tube 150 mm long, its outer diameter 10 mm with a wall thickness of 3 mm, leaving a 4-mm diameter hole inside (Fig. 1). The untuned laser output was ≈ 45 mJ at λc =841 ± 4 nm and its temporal halfwidth was 0.35µs. Figure 2 compares the laser output with an without the internal spectrum converter solution as a function of the reflectance of the output coupler.


We present in this paper AVIDAS system: an Automatic System for soccer VIDeo Analysis and Summarization which is based on a multimodal approach. The proposed method experimented in this system includes the analysis of online commentary and cinematographic strategy to localize boundaries of important events in the video (goal, attempt, cards). A low-level image processing is used to extract the most important sequences from identified boundaries. The system organizes detected events in a video summary augmented by the extract of online commentary as a subtitle. The proposed system is evaluated over a large data set, consisting of more than 67 hours of soccer video, captured from world cup 2010, and European champion league 2009-2010.


This study develops a theoretical model for investigating the impacts of households who are target savers and firms that are growth maximizing on the effectiveness of standard monetary and fiscal policies. These two circumstances together generate a dynamic in which the condition for IS-LM stability is mathematically reversed, i.e., the slope of the IS curve must exceed that of the LM curve. Under these conditions, an expansionary fiscal policy raises both the interest rate and the GDP level, as might be expected; however, an expansionary monetary policy leads to a lower GDP level, which is an unexpected outcome.


We propose to use the personalized speech synthesis and the neural language generator to synthesize content relevant personalized speech for rapid speaker adaptation. It has two distinct aspects: First, it relieves the general data sparsity issue in rapid adaptation via making use of additional synthesized personalized speech; Second, it circumvents the obstacle of the explicit labeling error in unsupervised adaptation by converting it to pseudo-supervised adaptation. In this setup, the labeling error is implicitly rendered as less damaging speech distortion in the personalized synthesized speech. This results in significant performance breakthrough in the rapid unsupervised speaker adaptation. We apply the proposed methodology to a speaker adaptation task in a state-of-art speech transcription system. With 1 minute (min) adaptation data, our proposed approach yields 9.19 % or 5.98 % relative word error rate (WER) reduction for the supervised and the unsupervised adaptation, comparing to the negligible gain when adapting only with 1 min original speech. With 10 min adaptation data, it yields 12.53 % or 7.89 % relative WER reduction, doubling the gain of the baseline adaptation. The proposed approach is particularly suitable for unsupervised adaptation.


merit fonctionnel to fashion a monistic doctrine of law in which international law, utilizing national agents for its own functions, emerges as the highest level of a hierarchically structured, federally conceived, legal universe. Wiebringhaus undertakes to apply the principle of duplication of functions to the field of private international law (conflict of laws), which, as he concludes in the first part of his study, forms part of international law proper, because it deals with "international material." But what is gained by asserting that a national judge who decides a case in which citizens of different countries are involved thereby turns into one exercising "international jurisdiction," or that collision norms are national and international at the same time? This question arises especially if, as the author admits, it is the individual state and its legal system that decide in the final resort which law is applicable; and when he, furthermore, admits that "functional duplication" cannot prevent or alleviate the "legal chaos" resulting from the co-existence of various and often conflicting national "conflict norms," and that, pending the adoption of "world law" in this field, all that can be achieved by viewing the situation in the light of "duplication" is to exhort the national judge to interpret conflict situations in an internationalist rather than a nationalist vein. Not a single question of detail arising in this field and taken up by the author (e.g., that of renvoi, or that of ordre "public), is clarified, let alone solved, by reference to the master concept of functional duplication. Although Georges Scelle, in his preface, claims intrinsic merit for the book, this reviewer regretfully has failed to discover it.


Abstract : Equations of motion were derived for the free vibrations of an elastic beam representing a ship's hull with a foilshaped appendage, under the action of unsteady hydrodynamic loads. Hydrodynamic effects on the foil have been taken into account by two-dimensional unsteady flow theory applied in a stripwise fashion, whereas the hydrodynamic effects on the hull have been neglected, although corrections for added mass can be included. Computer programs were developed by which the decay rate and frequency of response in up to six degrees of freedom can be calculated for the hullappendage system. Thereby, the effect of forward speed is taken into account through the hydrodynamic damping force acting on the oscillating foil-shaped appendage. A cursory study of a two-degree-of-freedom system with hull bending and foil torsion showed that flutter of the hull-appendage system is possible even when hull damping is included. In addition, it is shown that the possibility of the occurrence of flutter can be minimized by a judicious choice of foil parameters, and furthermore that means can be found to insure that the unsteady loads acting on an appendage provide an energy-dissipation mechanism for hull vibrations, rather than an energy source. (Author)


Objective: Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) is commonly used to detect and quantify monoclonal immunoglobulins/components (MC). SPE resolves serum proteins into 5 or 6 major fractions, including albumin. A split or double albumin band in SPE is called bisalbuminemia or alloalbuminemia, a condition caused by genetic or acquired changes. Although isolated cases of bisalbuminemia have been reported in patients with monoclonal gammopathy (MG), there has been no study linking the two statistically or pathophysiologically. The objective of this study is, thus, to determine if bisalbuminemia is significantly associated with MG, and hence to provide value justification for its reporting in SPE.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study reviewing over 55,800 consecutive serum protein electrophoretograms for bisalbuminemia between June 2005 and October 2013. After exclusion of repeats, 33,512 electrophoretograms were available for analysis. MG was confirmed by immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) and its positivity rate determined in a smaller cohort with 3974 paired IFE and SPE results. SPE and IFE were performed on the Sebia CapillarysTM2 and Sebia PhoresisTM Electrophoresis Systems respectively.
Results: 9 persistent cases with clear double albumin spikes over time (pattern A) and 10 transient cases with a partial albumin split (pattern B) were identified. The prevalence of pattern A, pattern B and pattern A+B were 0.027%, 0.030% and 0.057% (19/33512), respectively. IFE positivity rate was 32.1% (1276/3874). The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for pattern A, pattern B and patterns A+B bisalbuminemia over MG were 0.604 (0.125-2.91), 0.101 (0.006-1.72) and 0.249 (0.057-1.08) respectively. Chi-square test for independence (association) was not significant in all 3 scenarios (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Bisalbuminemia, genetic or acquired, is a rare incidental SPE finding that is not associated with MG. The extremely low prevalence and a general lack of association with diseases confer little or no clinical utility, nor value for its reporting in SPE.


By seamlessly integrating treatment simulation and planning into the treatmentdelivery process online adaptive radiation therapy(ART) allows real‐time treatment adaptations based on the current patient anatomy and therefore holds significant promise in maximally compensating for interfraction anatomical uncertainties. The clinical realization of online ART is extremely challenging mainly due to the inability for real‐time treatment re‐planning. For real‐time treatment re‐planning three key components need to be done in real time: anatomy segmentation dose calculation and treatment plan (re‐)optimization. We have implemented all three components on GPU and gained real‐time efficiency. Our preliminary results on an NVIDIA Tesla C1060 GPU card for various clinical scenarios are very promising. For a typical 9‐field prostate IMRT case the deformable registration can be done in 7 seconds the dose calculation takes less than 2 seconds and the plan re‐optimization takes less than 3 seconds. Therefore a new plan can be developed in about 12 seconds. These results laid a solid foundation for the development of a clinically functioning online ART re‐planning system. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the basic concept and main challenge of online ART 2. Gain knowledge in the use of GPU for real‐time re‐planning Conflict of Interest: The research presented here is partially supported by NVIDIA.


With the aggravation of the current social aging problem, the health problems of the elderly living alone have become the focus of attention in the medical and health field. Due to a large number of network parameters, the current deep learning-based fall detection algorithm takes a long time to train. To make the algorithm meet the demands of both lightweight and high accuracy, a new method for fall detection is proposed in this article. We improve the block of MobileNetV2 by means of adding channel attention and spatial attention mechanisms before channel convolution and spatial convolution in the block, respectively. The above operation can improve the performance of capturing essential information without additional network computation, which enhances the effectiveness of network feature extraction and detection performance. The computer simulation shows that the detection accuracy of the proposed algorithm on the public datasets Le2i and UR is 98.8% and 99.7%, respectively, which can accurately detect the falling behavior in the image frame column.


As of April 2, 1941, the Vichy regime adopted a new law on divorce and the separation of persons. In many respects, divorce symbolized the loss of control that the Third Republic was considered responsible for and that was considered responsible for the defeat. Setting the French nation straight meant a reform of morals, helped along by a reform of the Family Code, based on, in this case, increasing the time imposed on couples who wanted to get divorced. The political logic of this new legislation went up against the logic of war that made families split. The number of divorces pronounced dropped at the beginning of the Occupation and then slowly moved up to be, in 1944, almost at the same rate as pre-war. Judges were first inclined to apply the April 2, 1941 law strictly but then progressively moved away from the national revolution. At Liberation, divorce laws were relaxed by the April 12, 1945 ruling that accompanied the explosion in the number of divorces, characteristic of the end of war. However, just as for the Vichy government, the stability and morality of the family constituted the pillars of French reconstruction. Thus in divorce matters, continuity won over the attempt at change that the Fourth Republic put forward.


Wireless endpoint is a Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) endpoint such as a base station (BS) or customer premises equipment (CPE). The WRAN endpoint can transmit an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal comprising 2048 subcarriers in a channel. The 2048 subcarriers are divided into a set or sub-channel of the 16 subcarriers, a set of subcarriers, including 128 subcarriers. However, when detecting the current narrowband signal in the channel, WRAN endpoint forms a frequency usage map for transmission to other WRAN endpoint. The frequency used map identifies a set of one or more sub-carriers would interfere with the current narrowband signal.


PURPOSE: To effectively and efficiently maintain sealing by providing a compressed gas source having a pressure which is slightly higher than the pressure inside of a transmission, for pressurizing a labyrinth seal between balance pistons. CONSTITUTION: In order to seal a zone for a bearing 40 and an impeller 37 against a stream of oil from a transmission to balance pistons 59, a labyrinth seal 62 having teeth is provided, and is pressurized by coolant vapor in a motor chamber. The labyrinth seal 62 is pressurized by a pressure which is, for example, in a range from 85 to 86 psia, in the motor casing, and which is higher than a transmission pressure by, for example, 6 to 8 psia. Thus, the differential pressure is minimized, and further, the differential pressure between the labyrinth seal 62 for the intake part of a compressor and the intake part 60 of the compressor is minimized. Thus, it is possible to minimize a loss caused by leakage of compressed gas directly from the labyrinth seal into the intake part of the compressor. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


First and foremost, this writer comments on the German and Nigerian Psychology. Then some reflections are made on the sociocultural and historical background of the two countries. It is important to do this because of their effects on the contents of empirical and theoretical topics. The differences between Nigerian and German psychology with regard to the contents are of interest. Finally after the critique of a lack of an indigenous African psychology, an attempt is made to discuss what can be called indigenous psychology in Nigeria. IFE Psychologia (2002) 10(1), 144-155


The aim of this study is Investigate the effect of Accounting, computer information systems On Cost Accounting and quality of financial reporting In Bandar Abbas Oil Refining Company. For the study of literature and literature review, used the library of books and technical papers and theses of Persian and Latin. Information on variables including many accounting items in the financial statements and explanatory notes have been audited Bandar Abbas Oil Refining Company. Required data from financial statements available on-site management is in Www.rdis.ir, Www.codal.ir, www.fipiran.com and CDs. to analysis used software SPSS20, Eviews 7 and Minitab16. The results show that there is direct and significant relationship between accounting information systems computer with identifying cost centers, facilitate the sharing of costs and accurate information about the cost , Relevance of information and accounting reports, Reliability of accounting data and reports, and comparability of accounting information and reports of the refinery in Bandar Abbas, but also no significant effect on the cost centers and the timeliness of accounting information and reports in the Bandar Abbas oil refining Company.


The paper is introduced by a description of the role of divergent series in mathematics and their particular use in quantum mechanics. It is emphasized that there is a formal similarity between divergent series in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics and those series occurring in quantum field theory. It is indicated that studies of divergent series in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics can be helpful in the verification of suminability techniques in quantum field theory. The general problems of the application of perturbation theory to the study of the hydrogen atom in external fields are discussed. It is shown how the problem of the continuous spectrum can be bypassed. Further it is shown that algebraic techniques are very useful for a transparent formulation of perturbation theory. The theory is applied to the study of the hydrogen atom in a magnetic field and in an electric field and also to the study of the hydrogen molecule ion. The results for the hydrogen atom in a magnetic field and the hydrogen molecule ion are discussed in detail and the large order behavior of perturbation terms is compared with analytic formulas. Finally the questions of the summability for the series corresponding to the quartic anharmonic oscillator and the hydrogen atom in a magnetic field are discussed. It is seen that large order perturbation theory can be built into a continued fraction representation of a divergent perturbation series. Numerical results are presented for the two perturbation series mentioned above.


The study of fluid flow is an amasingly ordinary as well as fascinating subject. During the past few years I had the opportunity to work as a researcher in the field of fluid flow modelling applied to airflow through the human upper airways and related phenomena such as speech production, . . . The current document is a brief report on the research to which I participated aiming a small contribution to this rich and stimulating research area.


The temporal information of a sentence in modern Chinese is represented jointly by the units and their relations of the sentence. Thus, an integral temporal cognitive model should be established in order to calculate the temporal information. It includes three procedures: First, it reduces the concept of temporal properties into the the cognitive constituents as the three fundamental phrases (i.e. the beginning, continuance, and end of an event), and categorizes the types of events. Based on them, the temporal model has been constructed. Second, it translates every possible units and relations in the modern Chinese sentences with emblems of the events types of and signs of temporal constituents. The result of the translation, namely, the meta-linguistic expressions (i.e. the translation forms) of the unit or the relation, makes it clear what the unit or the relation means in the process of carrying temporal information. Third, it establishes a rule-driven system of calculation in the cognitive model, simplifying the meta-linguistic expressions into the most economical expressions which is exactly the temporal information coded in the sentence as a whole.


Although the interaction between planning and the market in urban development
 has been the subject of extensive research, its treatment in the literature
 is still problematic and controversial. Issues regarding this interaction
 remain topical for post-socialist urban planners, who are still lacking
 sufficient experience with planning in market conditions, especially when it
 comes to practice. The contribution of this study is that it identifies two
 practical approaches, through which urban planners can coordinate plans with
 markets. First, when setting planning goals, planners must critically assess
 the relationship between these goals and market demand. If market demand is
 distorted by market deficiencies, planning must look for opportunities to
 counteract and rectify distortions, but if market demand properly reflects
 the interests of stakeholders in urban development, planning must critically
 reassess its definition of the public interest. Second, when developing
 urban plans, planners must employ fiscal (financial, monetary) and
 market-oriented tools for their implementation. To study these
 relationships, the paper explores different aspects of development in Sofia,
 the capital of Bulgaria, as Sofia is a relevant example of the urban trends
 in post-socialist cities.


Roof has direct influence on thermal ease and energy preservation in and around buildings. Roof Planting is a strategy that can be a beneficial solution in diverse climates to decrease energy utilization in buildings, proposes enriching the aesthetic potentials and architecture presentation of buildings and for enhancing the built environment and increasing investment opportunity. It helps to tackle the shortage of green space in numerous areas and delivers the city with open spaces that aids ease heat effect and offers human population with a correlation to the outside. The research problem presented in the demonstrations of the confronts presented by quick urbanization and expansion, many environmental problems as pollution, dense urbanization and heat effect that creates a negative impact on the environment. The fast growing population in Cities undergo from vanishing of green areas which lead to dispossession of open space. The paper assumes that by applying roof planting to the case studies in Residential buildings in Egypt can improve quality of life, as an effective tool for sustainable development goals represented in social, economic and environmental factors. The paper methodology focuses on the analysis of some international examples and the lessons learned and applicability in Residential buildings in Egypt. The research aims to present the potentials of roof planting in abiding electricity utilization and decreasing CO2 releases in hot environments. The paper studies the impact of roof planting on the performance of buildings. The results demonstrate the sustainable development goals of using roof planting under diverse design conditions and postulate assistance for design of roof planting in alike climates.


Objective To investigate the possible role and mechanism of the neurotoxic effect of dexamethasone on adult rats after having focal cerebral ischemia. Methods The rat model of focal cerebral ischemia was established by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) One hour after ishemia,the experimental groups were treated with dexamethasone (5 mg/kg) while the control groups were treated with saline TUNEL staining and In-suit RT-PCR were used to show the changes of apoptosis and the expression of Fas mRNA at ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere. Results TUNEL positive cells were present in a time from 48 h to 72 h, localizing at peripheral ischemic area The expression of Fas mRNA at peripheral ischemic area in control groups began at 12 h, peaked at 24 h, and decreased to a lower level at 48 h and 72 h, and returned to the baseline at 120 h Treatment with dexamethasone after ischemia made apoptosis present at 24 h and the number of TUNEL positive cells at 48 h exceeded that in the control group at 48 h ( P 0 01) Dexamethasone also induced an early expression of Fas mRNA at 6 h,increased at 12 h, peaked at 24 h,and continued at 48 h to 120 h. Conclusion After treatment of dexamethasone, the neuron apoptosis of adult rats may be aggravated in following permenant focal ischemia, which may be partially due to positive induction of the expression of Fas mRNA


【Objective】 The objective of this study is to measure the xylem water potential of grapevine shoot real-timely and continually.【Method】 The novel method for measuring xylem water potential of grapevine shoot(Vitis vinifera L.'Centennial Seedless') through simultaneously measuring petiole xylem vessels' average flow rate and velocity and then placing into a transformed Hagen-Poiseuille equation was studied.【Result】 The results showed that the pressure difference between the two ends of excised grapevine petioles in 4 mm diameters measured with the new method agreed well with the actual applied ones.This showed that the pressure difference between the two ends of grapevine petioles could be real-timely and continually measured out with the new method.The diurnal variations of grapevine shoot xylem water potential measured with the new method seemed to present an inverted double-peak curve.And the shoot xylem water potential was positively and linearly correlated with the leaf water potential of grapevine.【Conclusion】The studies suggested that the xylem water potential of grapevine shoot could be real-timely and continually measured out with the new method.


Rates of vibrational energy transfer in the five largest a helices and two largest coil segments of myoglobin are calculated and compared with energy transfer in one-dimensional glasses. In all three cases, vibrational energy transfer occurs by anharmonic coupling of spatially overlapping localized normal modes in resonance. The frequencies of pairs of localized vibrational modes close in space are usually separated by a few hundred cm - 1 . As a result, there is little direct energy transfer to low-frequency modes by low-order anharmonic coupling, and rates of vibrational energy transfer from most higher-frequency modes are nearly temperature-independent, consistent with experimental observations. Variation of the anharmonic decay rate with mode frequency in helices and coils is similar, the trends of which are captured by an appropriately parametrized one-dimensional glass.


There is a black shale which widespread at Early Cambrian in Guizhou.This paper speculated there is an outcrop close to the deep-water basin from the geochemistry analysis and explore on the spot to Majiang Yangtiao,Tongren,Zunyi Zhongnan,Zunyi Songlin Xiaozhu,Tianzhu Dagongtang sections.The black shale formed in a special environment which is anoxic.It leaded by hydrothermal process and land-carriage,also,by the impact of biological and deep earth material formed under the joint action.


Intestinal parasites present close relationship with sanitary conditions water supply and hygiene habits which pose an important problem of public health with high prevalence among individuals with low socioeconomic status, especially in the younger population. In the present paper the authors performed the diagnostic of intestinal parasites in stool examination of children aged up to six years of age assisted by three public education facilities between September 2011 and July 2012 by using the new method of Mariano & Carvalho. Positivity observed for intestinal parasites reached 77.2 %, with rates ranging from 78.0 %, 72.3 and 84.2 % for the institution A, B and C respectively. Among the positive samples, there was higher frequency of contamination by protozoa (51.2 %), especially for Giardia lamblia (31.2 %). Among the helminthes, the most common were Ascaris lumbricoides (28.8 %) and Trichuris trichiura (17.6 %). The high prevalence of intestinal parasites, both protozoa and helminthes, was significantly associated with eating raw foods without proper hygiene. These results demonstrate the need for improved hygiene habits in parasitism prevention and adequate learning resources to teach preschoolers better habits of hygiene before the consumption of raw foods.


Mung bean is attacked by several viral diseases but the most devastating is mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) and its vector Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) when occurred in severe condition. The vulnerable germplasm and conducive environmental conditions contribute towards severe epidemics of MYMV and its vector population. In present investigation, 12 varieties/lines were screened out and correlated with epidemiological factors (minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed). Four varieties/lines namely NM-92, NM-2006, Azri 2006, and NM-121 were found most effective for cultivation under prevailing environmental conditions. All environmental factors were significantly correlated with MYMV disease severity and whitefly population except rainfall and wind speed. Maximum disease severity was recorded maximum at maximum temperature (38 °C), minimum temperature (28 °C) and relative humidity (65%). Similarly, whitefly population increased with increase in maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity ranging from 30-38 °C, 20-28 °C and 45-65%, respectively. It was concluded that with progress in temperature (minimum and maximum) and relative humidity, MYMV disease incidence and its vector population also increased.


This research was conducted at Tabanan State Vocational School 3 in Class XII TKJ A, where the ability of students for Mathematics material was quite low. The purpose of writing this Classroom Action Research is to find out whether "The Implementation of Problem Based Learning Models with Group Discussion Techniques Can Improve Learning Achievement in Derivatives Function of Students of Class XII TKJ A SMK Negeri 3 Tabanan Even Semester 2017/2018 Academic Year". The data collection method is a learning achievement test. The data analysis method is descriptive. The results obtained from this study are the application of problem-based learning models with group discussion techniques can improve student achievement. This is evident from the results obtained increased from the initial average of 38.76 in the first cycle the average rose to 47.35, this means an increase of 8.59 (22.162%) and in the second cycle the average increase again is 84.71, means an increase of 37.36 (96.388%). In addition to an increase in learning achievement that can be seen from the test of learning outcomes, it turns out that an increase in learning achievement can also be seen from the results of the group discussions they did both in Cycle I and in Cycle II. In the discussion they have tried to solve the problems given by the teacher in each cycle. Achievements in Cycle I have not met the demands of the study, because they have not been in accordance with the proposed indicators of success, thus this study continues for one more cycle, with the hope that the authors would like to see developments that occur in Cycle II. The conclusion obtained from this study is the Implementation of Problem-Based Learning Models with Group Discussion Techniques Can Improve Learning Achievement in Derivatives Function of Grade XII Students of TKJ A SMK Negeri 3 Tabanan Even Semester 2017/2018 Academic Year. This can be seen from the increase in achievements from the initial achievements, the achievements in Cycle I even though they have not met the demands of the study, and there is an increase in Cycle II, which in Cycle II is in accordance with the demands of research based on the proposed indicators of success. And if we see from the results of the discussion it is clear there is an increase in the results of the discussion from Cycle I to Cycle II, meaning that this shows that students have progressed in solving the problems given by the teacher. So the expected goals of this research have been achieved, so that this research is not continued.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMK Negeri 3 Tabanan di Kelas XII TKJ A semester genap tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 pada mata pelajaran matematika pokok bahasan turunan fungsi. Dari hasil penelitian pendahuluan didapatkan data bahwa prestasi belajar matematika kelas XII TKJ SMK Negeri Tabanan masih rendah. Tujuan penulisan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika siswa melalui penerapan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan teknik diskusi.Metode pengumpulan datanya adalah tes prestasi belajar. Metode analisis datanya adalah deskriptif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan teknik diskusi kelompok dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Ini terbukti dari meningkatnya rata-rata hasil belajar matematika pada penelitian pendahuluan 38,76 dan pada siklus I rata-ratanya naik menjadi 47,35, ini berarti terjadi kenaikan sebesar 8,59 (22,162 %) dan pada siklus II rata-ratanya menjadi 84,71, berarti terjadi kenaikan sebesar 37,36 (96,388%). Selain peningkatan prestasi belajar yang dapat dilihat dari tes hasil belajar ternyata peningkatan prestasi belajar juga dapat dilihat dari hasil diskusi kelompok yang mereka lakukan baik di siklus I maupun di siklus II. Dalam diskusi itu mereka telah berusaha menyelesaikan masalah-masalah yang diberikan guru pada setiap siklus. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah Penerapan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Dengan teknik Diskusi Kelompok Dapat Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Turunan Fungsi Siswa Kelas XII TKJ A SMK Negeri 3 Tabanan Semester Genap Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018.


In the high-temperature facilities for chemical industry and in the fired steam plant, materials with austenitic structure such as Cr-Ni stainless steel and high Ni alloy are frequently used, because of their superior characteristics at high temperatures and in the corrosion environments.1-3) These materials have a disadvantage, however, in that they tend to generate hot cracking during or immediately after welding in the weld metal and/or in the heat affected zone (HAZ),4,5) Especially, the detection of HAZ hot crack is usually difficult by the commonly used nondestructive tests, because the crack is normally quite smal1.6'7> Even when the cracking is detected, it is difficult to repair them completely.4) For this reason, HAZ hot cracking is more troublesome to handle in practice than the hot cracking on the weld metal. As for the mechanism of HAZ hot cracking, the grain boundary liquation theory and the ductility dip theory have been presented.8) But the details of the mechanism are yet unclear. The Incoloy 800 and 801 (see Table 1), which have a nominal composition of 21 % Cr and 32 % Ni, retain stable austentte structure at ambient and high temperatures, and have corrosion resistance and superior strength at high temperatures. These materials have been frequently used lately in such fields as chemical industry, fired steam plant, nuclear power plant, etc. As is seen in the reports by Lippold24) and Canonico et a1.,12> however, this material has a strong tendency to generate the HAZ cracking. The reports12) point out that crack susceptibility is affected by Al and Ti used as additives in the alloy, as well as by such trace elements as P and S. The potential of Al and Ti to generate the HAZ cracking in the high Ni alloys has also been suggested by Pe.ase.13) All these reports seem to call for caution in the use of Al and Ti in view of the HAZ cracking. On the other hand, however, there is a conflicting report by Boyko14) which claims that the addition of Al and Ti actually reduces the hot cracking tendency, and the influence of these elements is not clear. Since both Al and Ti are frequently added in the heat-resistant materials as a deoxidizer, to improve formability at high temperatures, the clarification of the influence of these elements on the HAZ cracking is quite important. Therefore, in this study, the influence of Al and Ti on the HAZ cracking is examined by hot ductility tests using a weld thermal cycle simulator.


coinjection, injection compression, gas assist molding, etc.), Process control has been recognized as an important means of improving the performance and consistency of thermoplastic parts. However, no single control strategy or system design has been universally accepted, and the manufacturing systems continue to produce defective components during production. This paper provides an overview strategies in polymer process control, and discusses some of the difficulties posed by the complex and distributed processes. Objectives for 'intelligent' process control are presented. Finally, the potential benefits of integating product and process design are demonstrated.


It is widely recognised that the process of secularisation takes place differently in different parts of the world. Less often appreciated is the wide variety of 'secularities' (and indeed of 'secularisms') that emerge as a result. This article will look at this question systematically, and will try to identify at least some of the factors that must be taken into account if we are to understand unbelief as well as belief. In so doing it builds on the author's earlier work relating to patterns of religion in modern Europe.1


Brand devotion is the principal thing in an association that leads from consumer loyalty toward items and administrations offer. This study is led to investigate the principle calculates that add to brand dedication in the telecom organization, Telekom Malaysia (TM). There are fi ve primary variables utilized as a part of the contextual investigation that is duty, consumer loyalty, corporate picture, trust and advancement on brand devotion in the telecom organization. This study utilized overview systems, where a sum of 290 review structures was circulated to TM clients through comfort examining yet just 165 were gotten and usable. The outcome demonstrates a critical positive relationship between the variables (duty, consumer loyalty, corporate picture, trust and advancement) toward brand dedication.


Introduction Acquired and inherited thrombophilias are associated with unfavourable pregnancy outcome. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) has demonstrated utility in the prevention and treatment of thrombosis during the pregnancy. There is no consensus on the dose of LMWH for prophylaxis, between fixed dose and "adjusted" dose according to anti-Xa levels.

We report our experience the management of heparin-therapy during pregnancy in thrombophilic women.

Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and obstetric complications during pregnancy. Table 1 shows the risk factors of VTE in pregnancy. The obstetric complications considered were: preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, fetal death and recurrent miscarriages. All patients were prescribed enoxaparin 70-100 IU /Kg SC once daily. To determine the dose of LMWH we evaluated levels of anti-factor Xa (chromogenic test) and the utero-placental circulation with color Doppler ultrasound. Dose adjustment was performed if the activity of factor Xa was suboptimal (prophylaxis range > 0.4IU/ml and < 0.8 IU/ml anti-Xa value) or were detected alteration in the utero-placental circulation.

Outcome Measures Time of delivery, birth weights and Apgar-index.

Results 70 pregnancies for 68 women were recruited between January 2008 and December 2012. The median age of patients was 35 years (range 25- 43years) and 7 (10%) were over 40. Twenty-four patients had a previous VTE and thirty-six had an obstetric complications.

No one patients reported thrombotic and/or hemorrhagic complications during heparin treatment. In 97 % of cases the time of delivery occurred after 36th weeks of pregnancy, with a birth weight greater than 2600 grams and Apgar score index higher than 7.

The dose of LMWH had to be adjusted at least once during the course of the pregnancy and the mean daily dose was increased from 4.000UI to 8.000UI between the 12th and 32th week of gestation.

Conclusion In pregnancy LMWH thromboprophylaxis enables the modulation of systemic haemostatic parameters by the inhibition of factor Xa and by increasing TFPI levels. In the literature-in some high risk pregnancy- the weight-based dosing of LMWH could seem to fail achieving a prophylactic anticoagulation.

In our experience adjusted doses prevent unfavourable events and improve fetal growth.

View this table:

Table 1
Risk factors of VTE in pregnancy

°Carriage of defects of antithrombin, protein C or S, factor V Leiden, G20210A prothrombin mutation, antiphospholipid syndrom

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Exact analytical solutions of a generic system of coupled ordinary differential equations for a pair of real scalar fields have been explicitly obtained. The equations may be considered to be the stationary form of the coupled time-dependent Schrodinger-Boussinesq (or Korteweg-de Vries) equations. The generic equations have six free parameters whereas it has been possible to obtain exact solutions valid on a five-dimensional hypersurface in six-dimensional parameter space using a technique developed by Varma and Rao (1980). While the solution for the variable of the Boussinesq (or Korteweg-de Vries) equation always has a symmetric structure, both symmetric and antisymmetric solutions are possible for the variable of the Schrodinger equation. The results are applied to an example dealing with the stationary propagation of coupled non-linear upper-hybrid and magnetosonic waves in magnetised plasmas.


The importance of spectral line surveys with theHerschel Space Observatory (FIRST) is discussed. An overview of recent line surveys of youngstellar objects at submillimeter and infrared wavelengths obtained with groundbased telescopes and the Infrared Space Observatory is given, and chemical diagnostics at different evolutionary stages are identified. The need for the development of sophisticated radiative transfer models to infer the physical, chemical and dynamical conditions in star-formingregions is emphasized.


Biography Dr. Matthew A. Butkus earned his undergraduate degrees from Georgetown University (German and Philosophy) and the University of Pittsburgh (Psychology). He earned his graduate degrees from Duquesne University (MA in Philosophy and PhD in Health Care Ethics). He is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Social Sciences at McNeese State University. His prior academic and clinical appointments include Chatham University, Mercy Hospital–North Shore Campus, the CRISMA Research Group in the Department of Critical Care Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness), and St. Francis Health System.


High-crystalline halide perovskite nanostructures [such as nanowires and nanoplates (NPs)] provide good potential in realizing nanoscale solid light sources for on-chip optical communication, high-density storage, and life science applications. However, it remains a great challenge to fabricate nanoscale perovskite light-emitting devices using traditional fabrication methods because the perovskite nanomaterials will be dissolved in polar solvents. Developing new device configurations to enhance radiative recombination efficiency as well as device stability is one of the most important research topics in nanoscale perovskite light-emitting devices. Here, we demonstrate nanoscale perovskite electroluminescence (EL) using a single-crystalline CsPbBr3 NP as the active layer. The device is based on a hybrid capacitance structure, where an underlying few-layer graphene (FLG) electrode, a single-crystalline CsPbBr3 NP, a thin hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flake, and another FLG top electrode are stacking in sequence, forming a van der Waals heterostructure. A strong EL emission peak with a narrow linewidth (∼1.09 nm) is observed at 2 K. Alternating current voltage/frequency-dependent EL spectra are studied in detail. We attribute the superior EL behavior of the as-fabricated nanoscale perovskite light-emitting devices to (1) the high-quality single-crystalline CsPbBr3 NPs synthesized, (2) the hBN encapsulation, which enhances the device stability by providing a large heat dissipation pathway for CsPbBr3 NP and protecting it from the polar solvents, (3) the capacitance structure, which facilitates the injection of both electrons and holes. Our work demonstrates a method to construct nanoscale perovskite (with well-defined geometry) light sources, providing an opportunity for realizing a nanoscale electrically driven perovskite laser.


In order to measure lateral movement displacement velocity of a transparent object,a refractive laser Doppler velocimetry was proposed,based on laser heterodyne interference technique,and Doppler effect velocity measurement adopted in this system was also studied.Firstly,the interference between signal beam and reference beam was realized by heterodyne interferometer system,then,the waveform intensity of coherent beam was recorded by signal detection system.Secondly,the intensity of coherent waveform was analyzed by signal analysis software to obtain the beat frequency of interference light beam,namely,the frequency difference between signal beam and reference beam.Finally,the displacement velocity of prism moving perpendicularly to incident light can be obtained by using beat frequency data.The measurement error of the system was also analyzed.Experimental results show that for given displacement velocities,such as 20,80,140,200 μ m / s,the measurement deviations are less than 1.5%,and the system presents good repeatability,which confirms the validity and reliability of the system.This experimental system has high measurement accuracy and high output signal-to-noise ratio,therefore,has wide application.


Telang flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) is a plant that has antibacterial properties. The chemical content contained in it which is antibacterial is flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. Staphylococcus epdiermidis is one of the bacteria that causes various infections including mild skin infections accompanied by abscess formation. This study aims to test the activity of the telang flower by maceration using 70% ethanol as a solvent. For antibacterial testing with the disk diffusion method. Extracts are made in various concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%. The positive control used was Chloramphenicol. The results of this study were the average inhibition zone of the telang flower extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria was 2.31 mm at a concentration of 10%, 3.05 mm at a concentration of 15%, and 6.2 mm at a concentration of 20%. These results indicate that the telang flower extract has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria, although the inhibition produced is not strong. At a concentration of 20% telang flower extract had the greatest inhibition on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria than the concentrations of 10% and 15%.