Nowadays, in communications, the main criteria are ensuring the digital information and communication in the network. The normal two users' communication exchanges confidential data and files via the web. Secure data communication is the most crucial problem for message transmission networks. To resolve this problem, cryptography uses mathematical encryption and decryption data on adaptation by converting data from a key into an unreadable format. Cryptography provides a method for performing the transmission of confidential or secure communication. The proposed AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)-based Padding Key Encryption (PKE) algorithm encrypts the Data; it generates the secret key in an unreadable format. The receiver decrypts the data using the private key in a readable format. In the proposed PKE algorithm, the sender sends data into plain Text to cypher-text using a secret key to the authorized person; the unauthorized person cannot access the data through the Internet; only an authorized person can view the data through the private key. A method for identifying user groups was developed. Support vector machines (SVM) were used in user behaviour analysis to estimate probability densities so that each user could be predicted to launch applications and sessions independently. The results of the proposed simulation offer a high level of security for transmitting sensitive data or files to recipients compared to other previous methods and user behaviour analysis.


Environmental variables can be important factors in recreation demand. Analysts wishing to quantify environmental quality impacts face the difficult issue of isolating them from unobserved variables. Quality changes may occur in space, varying between sites, or in time, varying between occasions. In this zonal travel cost analysis, fixed effects are used to control for time‐varying factors at a single site, adapting a technique previously applied to control for unobserved factors across sites. Graphical analysis and a second stage regression on time‐specific constants are used as diagnostic tools to guide a demand specification directly including both environmental and access predictors. The approach is developed and applied using a multiyear panel data set for a wilderness destination in the Sonoran Desert featuring a perennial stream. Empirical estimates are also provided for the recreational value of a trip day to a Sonoran Desert site with instream flows.


In some provinces,small hydropower stations have been or are about to have a bigger market share.In order to achieve the optimized deployment of hydropower resources,small hydropower stations should participate in the electricity market in the future.However,compared with regular hydropower stations,small power stations,because of their unique characteristics,will face higher risks of output uncertainty in the market.Moreover,having large number of small hydropower stations individually participating in a market will reduce the market efficiency.An agent mechanism is designed to deal with the competition of small hydropower stations in the market.A supply function model considering inflow uncertainty is proposed,and a composite optimization strategy combining stochastic simulation and greedy algorithm is applied to solve this model.An uncertain gaming analysis procedure is proposed as well.Numerical results are given to show the effectiveness and validity of the proposed approach in reducing risks for small hydropower stations participating in an electricity market.


Are described a hardware-software method of protection of the software with electronic keys by the example of the system of protection developed by authors «Sg Protector».


Recently, an interest to run the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at low beam total energies of 2.5-25 GeV/nucleon [0] has emerged in order to probe the existence and location of a critical point on the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram. To achieve the physics goals in a timely manner, the luminosity lifetime would have to be increased with respect to what it is believed can be achieved currently. It is perceived that a possible solution would be the use of electron cooling, which would counteract intrabeam scattering (IBS), hence significantly increase the average luminosity. On the other hand, in the cooling section, the interaction of the ion and electron beams results in ion beam loss due to recombination. In a paper presented at PAC 2007 [1], it was suggested that ion recombination could be greatly reduced by a coherent oscillatory motion of the electron beam (achieved with a relatively weak undulator field), while the accompanied degradation of the cooling efficiency would remain modest. However, this idea was never tested before experimentally and in this paper, we present an attempt to quantify the impact of the undulatory motion on the friction force (or also called cooling force).


Service-oriented computing is increasingly assuming an important role in the research on distributed systems and software engineering. It has also reached application and service hosters by now who need to be able to host off-the-shelf services as well as custom services. Thus, they are faced with a variety of service descriptions, service package formats and runtime demands. Each service technology usually requires a separate execution platform which eventually leads to a high complexity for the administration and management of services. Similar to the unification of invocation of web services through protocol adapters, it is clearly needed to unify management aspects like monitoring and adaptation of services. We therefore propose an abstraction, a formalisation and a unification layer for hosting environments with the intent to pave the wayion, a formalisation and a unification layer for hosting environments with the intent to pave the way for technology-agnostic, unified service hosting.


The traditional model of pedagogical organization of the school is inadequate to the diversity of publics that it receives and to the new missions assigned to it. The search for a solution presupposes a focus on contextualized organization and management issues. This article aims to make known a research carried out in a public school, integrated in the TEIP3 program and with autonomy contract, whose purpose is to understand and reflect how this school is organized to promote the school success of its students. The study is qualitative and the methodology adopted is part of the interpretative paradigm, structured in a case study. The analysis of the data collected from the pedagogical managers and the students shows the impacts of the new redesign of the pedagogical and curricular management in the teaching work and in the students learning.


Lay Movements as Responses to Modernization While social science-oriented studies bearing on the character of religious components in Japanese life since 1945 are many, one of the most recent provides a ready synthesis of much data gathered during this period. Edward Norbeck of Rice University sets out in fairly typical fashion in his documentation of religious decline in the face of the ongoing modernization1 of Japanese society. In Norbeck's view religion as a component of man-made culture served originally to symbolize and effect the integration of the community's life in terms permitted by the social structures of the culture. Rapid social change through industrialization, ur banization and technologization has rendered the old structures useless; so religions find themselves undercut,old needs now being met by new structures of secular, scientifically oriented


e13037 Background: Conventionally, patients with spinal metastasis are believed to be in the terminal stage. Poor outcomes are noted despite surgery, curettage, or piecemeal excision because of local recurrence. En bloc resection is the optimal treatment of a malignant spinal tumor. Total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) is used to completely resect a malignant spinal tumor such as spinal metastasis. In June 2010, we developed a "second-generation" TES combined with tumor-induced cryoimmunology. Second-generation TES is getting less invasive. A retrospective study was performed to assess the outcomes of second-generation TES. Methods: Thoracic TES by posterior single approach was performed by one surgeon in 63 patients between June 2010 and September 2013 at our university hospital. We evaluated three groups of patients: 20 undergoing surgery in the year that second-generation TES was developed (group I), 20 in the second year (group II), and 23 in the third year (group III). Patient backgrounds did not remark...


Gamma-ray imaging is a well-established procedure in medical diagnosis. In single photon ECT we wish to measure and display the concentration of radio activity within a thin transverse slice of the body while still retaining the simple, atraumatic, non-invasive nature of the iadionuclide investigation. When Kuhl and Edwards introduced the technique in 1963, it did not involve any fundamental change in the detection-display equipment nor in the accuracy of measurement, as for example with X-ray transmission imaging, but simply pointed the way to develop the emission imaging equipment into a more sophisticated tool for the accurate measurement of in-vivo concentration of radionuclide. This paper attempts to examine the technique and to review the physics and engineering aspects of current ECT systems.


. In recent years, smart city construction has been developing rapidly worldwide, and traditional smart city research has focused on modern information technology and hardware devices to build a smart city system based on the Internet of Things and big data. Smart cities have become a comprehensive and sustainable development model, which has greatly improved the efficiency and accuracy of management work and services of government departments, and also posed new challenges to the management work thinking and social governance models of government departments. The purpose of this paper is to explore in depth the impact of smart city construction on the technical level of basic public service supply, and to prove its feasibility through empirical tests, so as to provide reference for the future development of smart services, so as to better adjust the smart city construction strategy and improve the public service supply system.


The chaotic motion of a nonlinear viscoelastic rigid basic pile subjected to an axial force and a periodic horizontal force was investigated. Assume that the pile material is one of nonlinear viscoelastic materials and obeys Leaderman constitutive relation and that the soil obeys the linear viscoelastic constitutive relation. The motion equation of pile was derived as a nonlinear integro-partial differential equation and it was simplified into a nonlinear integro-ordinary differential equation by Galerkin method. The numerical results were presented by using the methods in nonlinear dynamic systems. Time history curves, power spectrum figures, phase plane portraits, Poincare maps for the periodic motion, multi-periodic motion and chaotic motion of the pile as well as different bifurcation plots were given. The numerical results indicate that the chaotic motion will appear through period double bifurcation in nonlinear viscoelastic piles and the influence of the material parameter, the load parameter, the geometric parameter on the dynamic behavior of the pile is obvious.


Contents: J.Sneiders. Criminal Project «West Ford» ; E.Lejasmeijers. Once more about Flying Saucer ; M.Eliāss. Radio-astronomers' Conference in Gorkij ; A.Balklavs. How Do Star Clusters Form? ; Z.Alksne, A.Alksnis. Exoplanets Discovered by Transit Observations ; A.Balklavs. How Long Will We Be Able to See the Stars? ; N.Cimahovica. About the Solar Quasi-Biennial Cycle ; A.Balklavs. Japan Plans New Space Located Solar Telescope ; M.Sudārs. Columbia Tragedy. What Happened and Why (concluded) ; J.Jaunbergs. Unraveling of the Columbia Disaster ; M.Sudārs. Space Ship One Is Closest to Target ; Editorial Board. Jubilee Greetings to Astronomer Ilga Daube ; I.Daube. Crumbs of Reminiscences of Long Life ; Imants Vilks. Some Problems of Eshatology of the Universe (cont.) ; K.Bērziņs. On Friendly Terms with Cosmology: Theory of Relativity and Geometry of Universe (4th cont.); A.Andžāns. Problem Solutions of Round III of the Latvia 53rd Olympiad in Mathematics ; J.Jaunbergs. Three New Shots Aimed at Mars ; Ilgonis Vilks, M.Gills. Observations of Mercury in the Astronomical Tower of the University of Latvia ; M.Gills. Results of Competition of Solar Eclipse Photos ; N.Cimahovica. About Teacher of Mathematics Oto Treilībs ; A.Balklavs. Institute of Astronomy in 2002 (continuation) ; J.Kauliņs. The Starry Sky in the Autumn of 2003 ; I.Daube. Subject Index of "Zvaigžņotā Debess" (1998-2003) ; Supplement: Astronomical Calendar 2004 ;


We propose to calibrate in situ the CMS calorimetry using the single, isolated pions from ! in W ! and Z; ! processes applying the p=E method. In case of pions non-interacting in the ECAL the method is straightforward, but for pions interacting in the ECAL care is needed to suppress and keep under control + 0 's from 's or QCS jets, which could vitiate the method. This can be achieved exploiting the ECAL granularity and tracker-calorimetry special matching. The momentum of the isolated high p t pion can be directly compared to the calorimeter measurement. Triggering of the W ! events is envisaged with a special-jet trigger combined with a missing transverse energy trigger. The Z; ! events could be triggered by lepton +-jet and double-jet trigger. The event rate for p t > 15 GeV is enough to calibrate each HCAL cell at a 1% precision after collection of 10 4 pb ?1 of data.


scholarly interest in "a small, scattered, seemingly powerless people," but as the conference's many excellent papers demonstrated, such an interest is more than warranted in the case of early American history. "What does it mean to write about a small group of people? A small population? How do you validate such an interest?" Keenan Spero asked. The answer was nearly unanimous among the conference's participants: to write about the individual, the forgotten, the particular, the exception to the rule, is not only to recover an essential dimension of the historical record, it is to fundamentally challenge the epistemological usefulness of historical generalizations and teleological patterns and allow historical voices to speak in all their richness, complexity, idiosyncrasy, and contradiction.


This paper is concerned with a method of computing the relative power contribution ratio (PCR) between process variables of a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system in a steam turbine (ST)-gas turbine (GT) combined cycle power plant. The PCR is used to select process variables in the statistical model of the system to be considered. Firstly, we show a method for computing the PCR using a RBF-ARX-based modeling of the SCR. Next, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the PCR in evaluating the identified system. Finally, we consider about a method for computing PCR for general stationary control systems based on Otomo-Nakagawa-Akaike's method, which is applicable to the above-mentioned SCR systems.


Memory access performance is the key feature of a system controller.The paper analysizes the memory access channel of MCS-A chip,gives some introduction on the architecture of memory access channel,the mapping of address space and the performance optimizing schemes.It also submits a practical solution to further improve the performance of the memeory access of MSC-A chip by using the DDR Controller.


The term "sociocultural sphere" embraces numerous types of activity: education [obrazovanie i prosveshchenie]; health care and social security; culture, information, and art; and public services and amenities. This group of branches has its own peculiarities, which are manifested both in the content of its concrete activity and in the forms of its realization. Here the share of strictly targeted institutions, i.e., institutions whose right to dispose of income or allocated resources is more limited compared with the ordinary producer of goods or services, is very large. Hence the role of social organizations, including the state, in the exercise of control-regulatory functions is so essential.


In the article the peculiarities and problems of inventory management trading enterprise Ukraine. The aspects of inventory management and policy submitted description of the costs associated with managing inventory business. Based on the existing problems of the scheme of optimum inventory management trading company.


Lacertid lizards, Eremias brenchleyi were captured from field,and reared artificially.Laid eggs were incubated at 30?℃ and -12?kPa (humidity).Whole eggs,eggshells,yolks,and embryos were weighed,and energy of certain components was determined at a series of time points.Data on the development of embryos and the transition of material and energy in eggs incubation were processed,resulting in:①The duration of incubation averaged 35 days,and the egg in wet mass increased for absorbing moisture while incubating.②The embryos employed about 10%,30% and 20% of the total egg energy in the periods of 0-20,20-30,and 30-35 days of incubation,respectively.③The embryos grew slowly during the first 20 days,then grew rapidly.④Approximately 63 4% dry material,32 7% non polar lipids and 59 6% energy in the contents of fresh eggs were transferred to the hatchlings.⑤Inorganic material in both yolk and eggshell was used by the embryos in development.The transition ratios of dry material and non polar lipids as main energy substance,and the proportion of residual yolk in hatchlings are lower than those reported for snakes.The lower ratios maybe related to the longer slow phase of embryonic development in this species.


A new algorithm was proposed for extensive power system VAR optimization taking steady state voltage stability into account based on eigenvalue structure analysis.The minimum eigenvalue which has relation to steady state voltage stability and its left eigenvector were studied in the algorithm based on the analysis of structure and characteristic of Jacobian matrix.In the algorithm the minimum eigenvalue is taken as the steady state voltage stability index,its left eigenvector is taken as the node voltage-reactive power sensitivity.Injections with large sensitivity,which are the most unstable node of voltage in the whole power system,have to be compensated to increase steady state voltage stability.The simulation on a real power system shows that the algorithm is valid and adapt to the extensive power system VAR optimization considering steady state voltage stability.


SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES of stereotypes in the Middle East have usually relied upon instruments developed elsewhere, such as the association of certain nationalities with qualities indicated by a list of adjectives.2 Since urban, particularly student, populations were used for these studies, there has been little interest in the traditional stereotypes of Middle Easterners. Information about the traditional forms of interethnic images in the Middle East can, however, be derived from other sources. These include folktales, jokes, and proverbs, as well as new data which can still be collected in rural areas.


ver sulfate is used as a catalyst in conjunction with the Moore procedure, higher oxidation values are obtained than with the other methods studied. This is especially true on straight-chain acids, which are not attacked by the ordinary methods. Statistical evaluation of the data indicated that the Moore acid dichromate method is applicable to a larger variety of wastes with advantages in precision and reproducibility. It also has advantages in ease of manipulation and time required.


Contemporary positions on technology tend to emphasize that its import lies in its appropriation by a given social actor (group or individual), by how it is used. This paper does not categorically deny that such is often the case, but suggests that its inversion is widely overlooked. Overlooked, because much like the skull in Holbein's The Ambassadors, evidence of technology's active effect on the user is distorted until viewed from a particular vantage point. This paper takes Lacanian psychoanalysis as its vantage point and the musical technoculture of the electric guitarist as its object, revealing in the electric guitarist's pursuit of identity through timbre that technology functions as the object-cause of desire, the objet petit a. Evidence of such an anamorphosis certainly supports the need for psychoanalysis in a critical musicology, but the larger implication is for thinkers of all disciplinary stripes to give technology a second look (or in this case a second listen) in order to move beyond the usual determinist, voluntarist, or even Luddite approaches.


Background: In the Republic of Korea, due to the low birth rate, blood donation is expected to decrease. However, the demand for blood is increasing as the proportion of elderly has increased. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention operate the Korea Blood Inventory Monitoring System (KBIMs) for detection and response to the shortage of blood. The aim of this study was to show the trend of blood supply monitored by KBIMs. Methods: This study analyzed the red blood cell inventory ratio, average daily usage, time-lag from blood donation to transfusion and from receipt to transfusion in blood banks monitored by KBIMs from 2009 to 2012. Results: A total of 25 hospitals have participated in KBIMs since 2009. The average inventory ratio of blood banks was 5.3 days. By month, the inventory ratio was highest between November and February; and by week, highest on Fridays. Daily amount of RBC utilized in hospitals peaked on Thursday by week. Time-lag from blood donation to transfusion and from receipt to transfusion in blood banks was 12.2 and 6.4 days, respectively. The inventory ratio of type-A RBC was the lowest, because of the highest level of demand. In addition, time-lags from blood donation to transfusion and from receipt to transfusion were shortest in type-A RBC. Conclusion: The inventory ratio in blood banks monitored by KBIMs was stable throughout the years. However, due to higher level of demand, there is a risk of shortage of type-A RBC. (Korean J Blood Transfus 2013;24:33-40)


In order to improve techniques of minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty (IEAC) based on anatomical studies, we have developed a mathematical model and a computer program IEAC preoperative planning that takes into account the anthropometric data of the patient (body type, size patellar index Insall-Salvati), type and size of prosthesis and allows to calculate minimal incision and maximum elongation wound during surgery. Use of this software improves the accuracy of the planning and preparation of surgery, to improve the accuracy of implantation of the prosthesis.


in this study, a SuS316L membrane having double layered pore structures was fabricated, and the pore characteristics were analyzed after coating with a spherical powder and a flake-shaped powder on a disk-shaped SuS316L support using a wet powder spraying process. The thickness of the coated layer was checked using an optical microscope, and air permeability was measured using a capillary flow porometer. When the coating amount was similar, the fine porous layer prepared using flake powder was thicker and showed higher porosity. in the case of a similar thickness, the case of using flake powder was half of the amount of spherical powder used. Therefore, it was confirmed that it is possible to manufacture a metal membrane having a high filter efficiency even with a small coating amount when using the flake powder.


Energy spectrum of a model of narrow-band metal into which the periodically spaced Anderson-Hubbard centers are introduced has been studied. Hybridization with conduction band results in the indirect exchange interaction which is different from the interactions between localized magnetic moments and strong on-site Coulomb interaction. To study effect of the lattice deformation under the external pressure (or the self-contraction of the lattice) on electrical properties of the system, the phonon term and elastic energy have been taken into account. The equilibrium values of lattice strain and chemical potential have been calculated self-consistently for non-zero temperatures. Within the Green function approach, the energy spectrum has been calculated as function of model parameters, temperature and external pressure. Our results show that there exists a threshold value of the external pressure above which energy gap value decreases rapidly with temperature and system becomes a correlated metal.


The homeostatic regulation of sleep is characterized by rebound sleep after prolonged wakefulness, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this regulation are still unknown. We show here that CaMKII-dependent activity control of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing cortical neurons is involved in sleep homeostasis regulation. Prolonged wakefulness enhances cortical PV-neuron activity. Chemogenetic suppression or activation of cortical PV neurons inhibits or induces rebound sleep, implying that rebound sleep is dependent on increased activity of cortical PV neurons. Furthermore, we discovered that CaMKII kinase activity boosts the activity of cortical PV neurons, and that kinase activity is important for homeostatic sleep rebound. We propose that CaMKII-dependent PV-neuron activity represents negative feedback inhibition of cortical neural excitability, which serves as the distributive cortical circuits for sleep homeostatic regulation.


The lifetime of the 5d6p1P1levelatomic barium has been determined from a measurement of the Hanle resonance in the 3501 A line. The lifetime of this level is 12.17 ± 0.09 × 10−9 s. The lifetimes of a number of levels of atomic barium are collected and absolute oscillator strengths are calculated and compared.


Benefiting from its simple design, the single-pixel camera is a powerful tool for multidimensional imaging [1]. It can provide an affordable alternative to otherwise expensive complex systems. A popular application of the single-pixel camera is in multispectral or hyperspectral imaging, where it can provide helpful information in biological studies, material evaluation, defect detection, etc. Due to their use in specific applications, most of the existing hyperspectral single-pixel cameras study only a narrow part of the spectrum.


Markov Random Field (MRF) models have been recently suggested for MRI brain segmentation by a large number of researchers. By employing Markovianity, which represents the local property, MRF models are able to solve a global optimization problem locally. But they still have a heavy computation burden, especially when they use stochastic relaxation schemes such as Simulated Annealing (SA). In this paper, a new 3D-MRF model is put forward to raise the speed of the convergence. Although, search procedure of SA is fairly localized and prevents from exploring the same diversity of solutions, it suffers from several limitations. In comparison, Genetic Algorithm (GA) has a good capability of global researching but it is weak in hill climbing. Our proposed algorithm combines SA and an improved GA (IGA) to optimize the solution which speeds up the computation time. What is more, this proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional 2D-MRF in quality of the solution.


Background Paramyxovirus (PV) infections are increasingly recognized in lung transplant recipients and have been linked to subsequent graft failure and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Ribavirin represents a possible treatment option although the outcome on graft function and BOS incidence is unknown. Methods We analysed outcomes of all PV infections in lung/heart–lung recipients between September 2006 and April 2009 in a single centre. PV-infected recipients treated with oral ribavirin were compared with those unable to receive ribavirin due to contraindications. Recovery of graft function, time to recovery and new development of BOS were compared. Results A total of 38 patients (ribavirin group) were treated with ribavirin for a median of 9 days (IQR 8–12), whilst 29 patients (non-ribavirin group) received best supportive care including corticosteroids. The median forced expiratory volume in 1 s dropped 20% (IQR 15–32) from baseline in the ribavirin group versus 18% (IQR 13–30) in the non-ribavirin group during infection. In 84% of patients treated with ribavirin and 59% of the non-ribavirin group, graft function recovered within 30 days (P=0.02). New onset of BOS developed within 6 months in 5% of the ribavirin group versus 24% of the non-ribavirin group (P=0.02). Conclusions Treatment of PV after lung/heart–lung transplantation with oral ribavirin seems to be associated with earlier recovery of graft function and to prevent BOS.


The Pliocene-Pleistocene history of CaCO3 preservation in the central equatorial Pacific is reconstructed from a suite of deep-sea cores and is compared to fluctuations in global ice volume inferred from δ18O records. The results are highlighted by: (1) a strong covariation between CaCO3 preservation and ice volume over 104 to 106 year time scales; (2) a long-term increase in ice volume and CaCO3 preservation since 3.9 Ma demonstrated by a deepening of the lysocline and the carbonate critical depth; (3) a dramatic shift to greater CaCO3 preservation at 2.9 Ma; (4) distinctive ice-volume growth and CaCO3 preservation events at 2.4 Ma, which are associated with the significant intensification of northern hemisphere glaciation; (5) a mid-Pleistocene transition to 100-kyr cyclicity in both CaCO3 preservation and ice volume; and (6) a 600-kyr Brunhes dissolution cycle superimposed on the late Pleistocene glacial/interglacial 100-kyr cycles. CaCO3 preservation primarily reflects the carbonate chemistry of abyssal waters and is controlled by long-term (106 year) and short-term (104 to 105 year) biogeochemical cycling and by distinct paleoclimatic events. We attribute the long-term increase in CaCO3 preservation primarily to a fractionation of CaCO3 deposition from continental shelf to ocean basin, and secondarily to a gradual rise in the riverine and glaciofluvial flux of Ca++. On shorter time scales, the fluctuations in CaCO3 preservation slightly lag ice volume fluctuations and are attributed to climatically induced changes in the circulation and chemistry of Pacific deep water.


This critical interdisciplinary work considers the power politics and other values that keep women's wages suppressed. There exists a gap between the wage level for men and women, and one key explanation is that the job categories in which women are concentrated pay less than those dominated by men. This is a crucial issue in the fight for gender equality because, in a capitalist society, wages are often taken to equal the "worth" of a person. If women earn less, they are deemed to be worth less. This text examines the debate over comparable worth - the public policy approach aimed at redressing this income differential - in detail. It explains why comparable worth is opposed by certain groups, why it is advocated by others, and why various obstacles prevents its adoption as public policy.


In this paper we have analyzed the influence of particle collimators to selectively deposit species with preferential directionality in the magnetron sputtering deposition of thin films. Using wisely-designed collimators, tilted nanocolumnar morphologies are grown in a ballistic deposition regime, i.e. when most deposition species arrive at the film surface along well-defined oblique preferential directions, and also in a thermalized deposition regime, when these species follow an isotropic momentum distribution in the plasma gas. The obtained results suggest that the use of particle collimators may promote the growth of porous thin films even in the classical magnetron sputtering configuration, when the target and the substrate are parallel. General insights are given on this approach and, as a proof of concept, its principles applied for the synthesis of nanostructured films in a laboratory-size reactor. Evidences of this possibility have been obtained for a series of TiO 2 thin films prepared with this methodology. These results have allowed the extension of this technique to other plasma-assisted deposition methods, such as Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD).


Registration booking service demonstrates the advantages of saving time, decreasing medical management cost, preventing the resale of the registration number and others, which could effectively overcome the difficulty of getting medical service and further improve hospital system service function; but it's hard to settle a series of problems including the patients broke the appointments, the doctor stopped the visiting, fewer famous specialists, pressure on the internet, insufficient support for the system and others, these questions needed to be explored to make the system more scientific, rationalize and humane, which could ensure sustainable development of registration booking system and change the difficulties of getting medical service and registration really.


This study aims at developing and validating a measurement model for customer engagement and loyalty with specific focus on Digital marketing for shopping. Further, role of customer engagement in building customer loyalty is explored. The research in this investigation used three studies for developing customer engagement scale and validating the proposed model. The study involved data collection from experts and users through varied methods including in-depth interviews, and surveys. Further structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings of this study include development and validation of customer engagement as second order construct arising out of six different customer experiences social-facilitation, selfconnect, intrinsic enjoyment, time and monetary evaluation experiences. Further, the study established significant role of customer engagement in predicting customer loyalty in addition to existing constructs of satisfaction and convenience. This study contributes to evolving scholarly research on customer engagement.


Planetary boundary layer (PBL) processes are important for the estimation of surface‐atmosphere exchanges that impact global climate. One way of characterizing the strength of these processes is the PBL depth. In the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS‐5) atmospheric general circulation model, the PBL depth is also used in calculating the turbulent length scale, which, in turn, is used in estimating the turbulence and vertical mixing within the model. Therefore, changing the PBL depth definition directly affects the model climate. This study evaluates the climatological model response of two long‐term simulations using different PBL depth definitions. The first definition is based on a bulk Richardson number; the second uses a combination of the same bulk Richardson number definition over land plus a definition based on the turbulent eddy diffusion coefficient over water. The two simulations produce different spatiotemporal patterns of temperature, specific humidity, and wind speed related to the differences in turbulence. The largest differences, as expected, are present over water. Due to differences in atmospheric stability, the relationship between the two PBL depth estimates differ among the majority of the oceans and off the west coasts of continents, affecting the climatic response. Due to its optimization of the climatic response while maintaining a realistic diurnal cycle of PBL depth, the mixed PBL depth configuration is preferred.


Twenty yeast strains were isolated from traditional Indian fermented foods (idli and jalebi batter) and were screened for various probiotic properties. Seven of these isolates could survive in conditions similar to the gut with a survival rate as high as 100% at pH 2.0-2.5 and bile salt concentration of 1%. They were able to grow at 37oC and were resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Auto-aggregation ability and cell surface hydrophobicity was observed to be high for all of the isolates. Antimicrobial action was exhibited by these isolates against enteric pathogens (i.e., E. coli, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae and Pseudomonas sp.). Further, they were observed to produce phytase, β-galactosidase, L-asparaginase, protease and lipase, thus could be useful in degrading anti-nutrients and improving digestion. Most of them were vitamin B12 (except J15) and exopolysaccharide producers. All of them had the ability to assimilate cholesterol in the range 57-88.5%. None of the strains produced DNase and gelatinase, thus ascertaining their safe use. These isolates were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida tropicalis, Aureobasidium sp. and Pichia manschuria.


Fluctuating asymmetry (small random departures from perfect symmetry) is commonly used as a measure of developmental instability of bilaterally symmetrical morphological traits. The thesis presents a study of the dermatoglyphic and morphometric traits of human hand studied on images obtained by standardized method of scanning. Participants were 130 adult men and women and 26 individuals with diagnosis of transsexuality. The major aim of this study was to compare fluctuating asymmetry among morphometric and dermatoglyphic traits of the same organ – human hand, specifically finger, among studied samples and test several hypotheses about morphogenesis of human hand according to row-related factor regulating interrelation of phalanges. Dermatogplyphic traits were not appropriate for fluctuating asymmetry estimate because of huge measurement error. Morphometric traits in contrary had a high repeatability and low percentage of measurement error. Following results were obtained: No differences among samples were found when fluctuating asymmetry was obtained from only one trait, suggesting that one trait is a poor indicator of developmental instability. Significance tests for differences in fluctuating asymmetry that combine information from several traits revealed significant differences among traits – simple traits (phalanges), compositing the complex trait (finger), show much higher fluctuating asymmetry than the corresponding complex trait. The extent of fluctuating asymmetry increased in disto-proximal direction in all fingers and in radio-ulnar direction within the phalangeal rows. Strong and highly significant positive correlation was observed between fluctuating asymmetry and coefficient of variation of studied traits. Extent of fluctuating asymmetry variation among samples depends on the traits. There were no significant associations between multivariate FA index and age, weight, height, waist-to-hip ratio, 2D4D ratio or number of sibling and older brothers in men. Despite the fact that fluctuating asymmetry is a controversial phenomenon, it's study seems to be meaningful within the contex of morphogenesis of paired structures.


Recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is difficult to treat with standard therapies. Immunotherapy is expected to be effective for recurrent NPC. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is closely associated with pathogenesis of NPC. EBV antigen is considered to be a good target antigen for an immunotherapy. EBV-specific cytotoxic T cell therapy and EBV peptide vaccine has been reported to be effective for recurrent NPC. Immune-check point inhibitors such as anti-PD-1 antibody are expected to be effective for NPC. Recently, we have examined how to detect circulating tumor cells (CTC) with NPC patients for determining indication for anti-PD-1 antibody. Meanwhile, we also focused intrinsic immunity for new therapy for NPC. Intrinsic immunity such as APOBEC3 induced somatic hypermutation for cancer initiation. We found that EBV gene induced APOBEC3 that induced somatic hypermutation. We considered APOBEC3 as a new target for NPC therapy. Further investigations are needed for developing new therapy for NPC.


JOURNAL ARTICLES (Journal Name, Title, Authors, Submission Date, Publication Date, Volume #, Page #s) 1. "Quantitative connections between copper site proximity and binuclear active sites for partial methane oxidation to methanol in Cu-CHA zeolites", Laura N. Wilcox, Yujia Wang, William F. Schneider, Rajamani Gounder, in preparation. 2. "First-principles analysis of dicopper species in zeolites for O2 activation and implications for catalyst optimization", Yujia Wang, Sichi Li, Tong Wu, William F. Schneider, in preparation.


Homologous oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization of 7 to 15 have been isolated from the nigeran-protein complex of Aspergillus awamori Nakazawa (QM873). Each contains an uneven number of glucose units, differs from its nearest homolog by two residues, and contains the sequence Glc(alpha , 1 leads to 3)Glc- (alpha , 1 leads to 4)Glc at its reducing terminus.


Sensory cortical prostheses have the potential to aid people suffering from blindness, deafness or other sensory deficits by applying stimulation directly to the brain. Our main objective was to investigate if rats were able to perform tactile discrimination based on a natural, tactile input or based on artificially generated sensation. Four rats were first trained to touch a spinning wheel and to discriminate between two spinning velocities (65mm/s and 28mm/s). Secondly, the tactile stimulation was replaced by direct, intracortical stimulation. Rats were able to correctly discriminate between the two spinning velocities in up to 85% (66% ± 8 %) whereas the best discrimination performance during microstimulation decreased to 70% (57% ± 7 %). The work shows that rats are able to perform tactile discrimination, and it provides further insight into which sensations may be generated by direct cortical stimulation.


A real-time digital airborne camera system has been designed and implemented for real-time environmental and agricultural monitoring (RTEAM). The RTEAM digital airborne camera system (RDACS) is composed of digital CCD video cameras, image frame grabber boards, a global positioning system (GPS), computer hardware and software. The goal of the RDACs design and implementation is to use off-the-shelf products to build an affordable multispectral sensor system, which can be used to acquire real-time multispectral digital images for agricultural and environmental monitoring. Three digital CCD cameras with different filters are synchronized to acquire multispectral images of the same target. Digital image acquisition and real-time data archiving are implemented. A GPS device is used to keep track of image positions along with time. In addition, real-time image marking is implemented to designate the frames of targets during a mission. Digital images are directly retrieved at a ground station according to the GPS locations or frame marks. The images are converted into various formats for analysis using commercial image processing software packages. Precise band-to-band image registration is performed using software at the ground station.


Background: The World Health Assembly resolution of 2012 recommended a comprehensive implementation plan for maternal and child nutrition outlining six global targets on stunting, wasting, underweight, low birth weight, anaemia and exclusive breastfeeding to be achieved by 2025. Currently, many national nutrition surveillance systems are weak and need to be strengthened to be able to track these targets. This study aimed to understand whether the Accelerating Nutrition Improvements (ANI) project supported by the WHO in Uganda ANI improved the reporting of nutrition indicators in the District Health Information System-2 (DHIS2).  Methods: The project focused on six pilot districts in Eastern and Western Uganda. A series of processes including an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the DHIS2 and the Health Management Information System (HMIS) was undertaken. A nutrition report format with recommended indicators was developed and customized into DHIS2. Capacity building was supported for health workers on the HMIS/DHIS2 and data quality. Results: Over a one year implementation period a >100% increase in reporting through the DHIS2 was noted for a number of indicators including the number of children assessed for nutrition status; folic acid uptake by pregnant women and infants breastfed within the first hour of birth. Other indicators that showed improvements included children assessed for length/height (82%); mothers who received maternal (51%) and infant feeding counselling (48%). A number of challenges including human resources, poor data quality and a lack of the required materials and tools existed.  Conclusions: The strengthening of nutrition surveillance has shown that reporting on nutrition indicators is possible and can be improved. However, data quality, human resource capacity and timely availability of the required tools need to be addressed.


[Objective]The research aimed to study the development expression of mRNA of prothoracicotropic hormone(PTTH) gene in neuropeptide of Bombyx mori.[Method] By using real-time PCR method,the expression amount changes of mRNA of PTTH gene in the complex of brain and suboesophageal ganglion (Br-SG) in four stages of the 5th larval instar,pre-pupal stage and adult in Bombyx mori were studied.[Result] The expression amount of mRNA of PTTH gene in Br-SGs in the 5th larval instar was higher than that in pre-pupal stage,pupal stage and adult.The mRNA of PTTH gege in the 5th larval instar on the sixth day had the highest expression amount.And it maintained at a higher expression level from the fourth day to the eighth day of pupal stage.And the expression amount before eclosion decreased and reached the minimum value in adult.[Conclusion] The expression changes of mRNA of PTTH gene may realted with the function of regulating the ecdysone synthesis.


A novel algorithm for salient region extraction is presented.First,three characteristics graphs of brightness,color,the orientation of the original image are extracted respectively.Then,multi-scale image features of the three characters are combined into one saliency map.Therein the color feature is obtained in frequency domain,which can simplify the algorithm complexity and make it come true easily.In orientation feature extraction,a new characteristic function is used to make the orientation feature map more complete than Gabor function.The experiment results show that the method proposed is easier to be realized and can extract more obvious salient maps than Itti model.In image retargeting we demonstrate that using our saliency prevents distortions in the important regions.


The paper provides an overview of the main issues that have arisen from the CGE modelling of Australian tourism undertaken by the authors in this CRC funded project, and to highlight some of the policy implications. The paper provides a brief outline of the nature and scope of CGE modelling, the types of assumptions upon which it based, its advantages over Input -output analysis, and some qualifications to its use. It then discusses applications of CGE modelling to tourism growth in Australia. One set of results is generated from simulations that assume, respectively, an increase in world tourism to Australia evenly distributed, an increase in world tourism to NSW but not Rest of Australia, an increase in interstate tourism to NSW (assuming different substitution possibilities), and an increase in intrastate tourism to NSW (assuming different substitution possibilities). The economic simulations are based on different assumptions about the federal government macroeconomic policy stance, assumptions about the wage setting environment, and assumptions about the aggregate level of employment. Another set of simulations relate to a comparison of the economic impacts of a representative event using I/O and CGE modelling. This comparison highlights differences in results of event evaluation using I/O and CGE models and provides further support to use of the latter technique for governments concerned with efficient allocation of scarce resources to p romote tourism development. The paper concludes with some observations for further research in this area.


To enjoy the benefits of cloud computing, organizations managing complex business processes want to outsource their processes. However, as such processes express their know-how and because of the nature of the cloud, they are still reluctant to do so. To prevent such a know-how exposure, this article proposes a design-time approach for obfuscating a BP model by splitting its model into a collaboration of BP fragments semantically equivalent to the initial BP. This breaking down renders the discovery by cloud providers of-the-deep content of a critical fragment, and more of the whole process, much harder when these fragments are deployed in a multi-cloud context. While existing contributions on the topic of BP obfuscation remain at the level of principles, the authors propose an algorithm supporting automatically such a BP model transformation. The approach is validated against an obfuscation metric introduced in the article. The obtained results show that the authors' algorithm generates BP fragment with a high obfuscation level, contributing to protect BP know-how when deployed in a multi-cloud context.


In order to promote the development of bilingual teaching of technical subjects in physical education institutes and speed up the cultivation of inter-disciplinary special sports talents and using the method of literature and interview,from the view of subject group,this paper analyzed the subject group characteristics,teaching conditions and teacher's training mode of bilingual teaching of technical courses in institutes of physical education.The result shows that stressing both foreign language learning and motor skills leaning,communicating in natural language background,course organizing being accord with laws of language and motor skill acquisition and class scale being helpful to the communication between teacher and students are subject group characteristics of bilingual teaching of technical courses.Student's poor English level is the main restriction to bilingual teaching of technical courses in institutes of physical education.For bilingual teachers' training,3~6 months is appropriate to program abroad and half to 1 year is suitable to domestic program.According to the situation of China,college or university should pay fully or mostly for teachers' training cost.In language training,regularly functional expression in class and sports terms should be focused on and exercised in real sports teaching,training or match.In the end of training,a 30-minute bilingual sports class should be given as an exam.


Abstract Satellite imagery and surface rainfall records have been used to develop statistics of Orange Free State rainfall for a number of rain-bearing synoptic systems. Two major categories of system were included in the analysis. Tropical systems are distinguished by a connecting cloud link to the tropical cloud masses. This link is absent for temperate systems. Tropical systems accounted for about 60% of the rainfall over the two areas of the Orange Free State during the period 1967 to 1977. In January this contribution exceeded 80%. Cloud bands linking the tropical and temperate circulations were the major individual contributors. The December rainfall hiatus appears to have its origins in the circulation over tropical Africa. Harmonic analysis reveals that cloud band rainfall was primarily responsible for the annual rainfall cycle over the Orange Free State. Temperate systems made an important contribution to the late season rainfall maximum over the western Orange Free State. Mean atmospheric circul...


In this paper, real outage data from utilities are analyzed to gain better understanding of cascading outage propagation. In order to accurately estimate the interactions between component outages, two mechanisms are introduced: the evolution of interactions over generations and the memory between consecutive generations. A metric, the expected number of outages following one component outage, is calculated based on the estimated interaction networks by solving a set of carefully formulated linear equations, considering loops due to the complex component interactions. Existence of unique positive solution for the linear equations is mathematically proved. Components that are critical for outage propagation are further identified based on the developed metric. Besides, the outage propagation properties are revealed by the interaction networks estimated from real outage data. Further, the cascades simulated from a highly probabilistic generation-dependent interaction model using the estimated interactions well capture the properties of the original outage data in terms of the distribution of the number of line outages, the offspring mean of the branching process, the distribution of the component metrics, and the identified critical components. Cascading failure risks are greatly mitigated by reducing the probability that the identified critical components fail.


We performed an analysis of all Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations of the low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) and black hole candidate IGR J17091-3624 during the 2011-2013 outburst of the source. By creating light curves, hardness-intensity diagrams and power density spectra of each observation, we have created a set of nine variability 'classes' that phenomenologically describe the range of types of variability seen in this object. We compare our set of variability classes to those established by Belloni et al. to describe the similar behaviour of the LMXB GRS 1915+105, finding that some types of variability seen in IGR J17091-3624 are not represented in data of GRS 1915+105. We also use all available X-ray data of the 2011-2013 outburst of IGR J17091-3624 to analyse its long-term evolution, presenting the first detection of IGR J17091-3624 above 150 keV as well as noting the presence of 're-flares' during the later stages of the outburst. Using our results, we place new constraints on the mass and distance of the object, and find that it accretes at ≲33 per cent of its Eddington limit. As such, we conclude that Eddington-limited accretion can no longer be considered a sufficient or necessary criterion for GRS 1915+105-like variability to occur in LMXBs.


This study aims to construct a fuzzy model for predicting math anxiety by using mathematics self-efficacy and positive attitude towards mathematics as input variables. The model focuses on using fuzzy rules developed by Wang, but is limited to the third step, because the variables are related to human psychology. The data used were taken from senior high schools in Pacitan, East Java. One thousand data were used to build fuzzy rules and 26 data for testing the model. There are three models formed, namely two fuzzy models and one regression model. Model 1 and Model 2 are fuzzy models built using Wang's method until the third step and complete rules, respectively. The MAPE calculation shows that all of the models have good accuracy to predict math anxiety. The MSE shows that Model 1 is the best model among the three models. In addition, based on the standard deviation, Model 1 is the better at controlling uncertainty in the raw data than the regression model.


The trace element compositions of carbonate, clinopyroxene, ampyroxenite and eclogite xenoliths as texturally equiphibole and silicate glass were determined in four mantle lherzolite librated or interstitial grains (Wass, 1979), 'globules' in xenoliths in alkali basalts from Spitsbergen and Mongolia by laser association with silicate glass (Amundsen, 1987; Ionov et ablation ICP-MS. Carbonates in the xenoliths occur in fine-grained al., 1993, 1996; Pyle & Haggerty, 1994; Kogarko et al., pockets that appear to have been produced by reaction of carbonate1995; Norman, 1998) and components of fluid microrich melts with the host peridotites. The carbonates are rich in Sr inclusions (Frezzotti et al., 1994; Schiano & Clocchiatti, and Ba, but have low contents of rare earth elements. (Na,Al)-rich 1994). There is unambiguous experimental evidence that silicate glass commonly associated with the carbonates is a major carbonates are stable in peridotitic assemblages at aphost for many incompatible lithophile elements in the carbonatepropriate temperatures and pressures, and that smallbearing pockets. The carbonates in the xenoliths do not appear to degree partial melting of carbonated peridotite at presrepresent quenched carbonatite liquids but probably are crystal sures [2 GPa produces carbonatitic liquids (Wyllie, cumulates from carbonate-rich melts. Trace element patterns es1987; Dalton & Wood, 1993a; Lee & Wyllie, 1998). timated for liquids that may have produced the carbonate-bearing Interaction of carbonate melts with the lithospheric pockets are consistent with general characteristics of carbonatemantle has been invoked to explain the formation and related metasomatism (enrichments in light rare earth elements, Th, compositional characteristics of some metasomatized U, Ba and negative anomalies for high field strength elements). mantle peridotites (Wallace & Green, 1988; Yaxley et al., However, the absolute incompatible element abundances estimated 1991; Dautria et al., 1992; Hauri et al., 1993; Ionov et al., for those liquids cannot provide the extremely strong enrichments 1993; Rudnick et al., 1993). invoked by some models of carbonate mantle metasomatism. ClinoLittle is known about trace element composition of pyroxene and amphibole outside the carbonate-bearing pockets in carbonates in mantle rocks and of primary carbonatethe xenoliths from Spitsbergen have high contents of incompatible rich liquids generated in the mantle. The models relating trace elements, indicating that the lherzolites also experienced mantle metasomatism to carbonate-rich melts usually metasomatic enrichment before the formation of the carbonates. assume that these melts are similar in trace element composition to carbonatites exposed in the crust and, in particular, that such melts should be strongly enriched in incompatible trace elements. Unfortunately, crustal


The objective of "Gestion de Logs" (Logs's Management) document is to recognize the importance of the log files .The log files record an important information about the activity of different programs and applications, and we can appreciate how it's a necessary and useful activity to collect and analyze this information.
This document reflects a methodology where the log files collection and classification have assumed a great importance to find vulnerabilities or software bugs in order to security management.


OBJECTIVES
Hexabromobenzene (HBB) is used as a flame retardant mainly added to plastics, timber and textiles. Tetrabromobenzene (TBB) is its metabolite. Both these compounds are present in the environment and in human and animal tissues. 1,4-Dibromobenzene (1,4-dBB) has found application in agriculture, pharmaceutical and some other industries as well as in households. It can also occur in the form of an environmental product of HBB debromination. It is known from laboratory experiments that animals after repeated exposure to these compounds, show the increase in relative liver weight. These results enable us to presume that benzene bromoderivatives may prove to be potential peroxisome proliferators.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The investigated compounds were administrated intragastrically in three different doses for 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Catalase was determined according to the method of Johansson and Borg with use of Purpald.

RESULTS
Repeated administration of the aforesaid compounds decreased catalase activity in the rat liver.

CONCLUSIONS
The decreased level of catalase may point to its possible inactivation by metabolites of HBB, TBB and 1,4-dBB.


Cocoa fruit skin is a waste that can cause environmental problems around the plantation. One way to utilize the waste of cocoa fruit skin is made organic fertilizer. The use of different spacing will affect the large number of plant unity area and will indirectly affect the absorption of nutrients, water and other growth factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of composting of cocoa fruit skin waste on the growth of cropped plants ( Sacc h arum edule  Hasskarl) with different plant spacing. This field experiment was conducted from July to November 2016 with research location in Kecamatan Luwuk Banggai Regency. The experimental design used was factorial in randomized block design with 2 replications, then there were 18 treatment combinations. In this research the first factor of composition of cocoa fruit skin with cow dung consisting of 3 levels namely: P1 = 50 kg of compost: 10 kg of cow dung; P2 = 50 kg: 30 kg; P3 = 50 kg: 50. While the second factor are plant spacing consisting of 3 levels, namely: J1 = 100 cm X 150 cm; J2 = 100 cm X 100 cm; J3 = 100 cm X 50 cm. Based on the result obtained, It showed that the treatment of 50 kg of cocoa fruit skin compost with 50 kg of cow dung (P3) gave the best shoot effect on 5 weeks after planting (WAP) , to the best plant height that is P2 treatment on 3 (WAP), and the best leaf length is P2 treatment on 2 up to 4(WAP). Key words  : Compost, Plant Spacing, Terubuk


Inflammatory stimulation of the liver leads to the induction of nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis. Because NO binds to the catalytic heme moiety ofcytochromes P450 (CYPs), we investigated whether NO interferes with specific CYPdependent metabolic pathways. In a first experimental approach V79 Chinese hamster cells genetically engineered for stable expression of rat and human CYPlAl and -1A2 were used. Incubation with the NO donors sodium nitroprusside and S-nitrosylacetylpenicillamine led to a concentration-dependent inhibition of all four CYP enzymes. CYPlAl was more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of NO than CYP1A2. In the second part of the study, endogenous NO synthesis was induced in rat hepatocytes by incubation with a mixture of cytokines and endotoxin. Concurrently, as NO production in hepatocytes increased within 24 hr, a decrease in CYPlAl-dependent benzo[a]pyrene turnover was observed to almost undetectable levels. The competitive inhibitor of NO synthesis, NGmonomethyl-L-arginine, was able to significantly restore CYPlAl activity in the presence of cytokines and endotoxin. Inhibition of hepatocellular CYP activity by NO was predominantly due to a direct effect on the enzymes. However, NO-dependent inhibition of CYP expression at a transcriptional level was also demonstrated. Our results indicate that inhibition of NO biosynthesis in patients suffering from systemic inflammatory response syndromes may help to restore biotransformation capacity of the liver. Hepatocellular dysfunction is a detrimental consequence of the metabolic response ofthe liver to prolonged inflammatory stimulation. Characteristic features are suppression of synthetic performance and a profound inhibition of xenobiotic biotransformation (1, 2). Therapy is not available because the molecular basis of these phenomena remains to be elucidated. However, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the inflamed liver may result from the discovery of L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide (NO) production in hepatocytes and nonparenchymal liver cells (3, 4). As in many other cell types, an inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was identified in hepatocytes upon stimulation with cytokines and endotoxin (5, 6). Induction of iNOS was also observed in the course of parasitic infections, such as malaria (7). Recently, the gene encoding iNOS has been cloned from human hepatocytes in full length for heterologous expression (8). NO exerts a plethora of biologic functions (9). Many of these effects are based on modulation of enzyme activity through binding ofNO to prosthetic iron complexes. In this context it is interesting that NO was used for years as a spin-label probe to investigate the role ofheme groups in the catalytic centers of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes (10). Consequently, it was demonstrated that NO inhibits CYPdependent reactions when microsomal preparations were exposed to NO (11). CYP enzymes, also referred to as microsomal monooxygenases, catalyze oxidative key reactions in the biotransformation of xenobiotics (12). Therefore, inhibition of these enzymes would severely affect hepatocellular detoxication. However, suppression of CYP-dependent metabolism has not yet been demonstrated for endogenously produced NO. Investigations of other effects of NO, particularly the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, revealed that major differences between exogenously applied and endogenously produced NO can be observed (13). In light of these observations hepatocytes seem to have the capacity to mostly resist metabolic inhibition by endogenous NO. In addition, the effects ofNO on biotransformation are clouded by the fact that transcriptional suppression of CYP expression was described after inflammatory stimulation (14, 15). The responsible mediators were found to be the same that induce hepatocellular iNOS. In an attempt to clarify this complex situation, a 2-fold experimental approach was designed. In the first set of experiments, V79 Chinese hamster cells genetically engineered for stable expression of CYPs were exposed to exogenous NO to study the immediate effects of NO on specific CYP activities. The second approach made use of freshly prepared rat hepatocytes, in which endogenous NO synthesis was induced by incubation with cytokines and endotoxin. In these hepatocytes CYP-dependent metabolism was tested, and specific CYP expression as well as relative concentrations were determined by RNA and immunoblot analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recombinant rat interferon y (IFNy) was from GIBCO/Life Technologies, recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) and recombinant human interleukin 1 (IL-1) were from Genzyme. Polyclonal rabbit anti-CYP lAl antiserum was from Oxygene (Dallas), and other reagents were obtained from Sigma or other commercial sources as indicated. Monoclonal anti-CYPlA2 antibodies (D15) were provided by F. Wachter (Sandoz Pharmaceutical, Basel) and polyclonal rat anti-CYP2E1 antiserum was from M. Ingelman-Sundberg (Karolinska Institute, Stockholm). Cell Cultures. V79 Chinese hamster cells were genetically engineered for stable expression of CYP enzymes (16). For the reported experiments recombinant V79 cell lines expressing rat and human CYPlA1 and -1A2 were used (17-20). Cells were maintained in Dulbecco-Vogt's modified Eagle's meAbbreviations: NO, nitric oxide; iNOS, inducible NO synthase; NMA, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine; IFN--y, interferon y, TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor a; IL-1, interleukin 1; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; CM, cytokine mixture with LPS; SNP, sodium nitroprusside; SNAP, S-nitrosoacetylpenicillamine; CYP, cytochrome P450; AHH, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase; EROD, 7-ethoxyresorufin-0dealkylase. tTo whom reprint requests should be addressed. 3559 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 3560 Medical Sciences: Stadler et al. dium (DMEM; GIBCO) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, penicillin (100 units/ml) and streptomycin (100 ug/ ml). Hepatocytes were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-300 g (Charles River WIGA, Kisslegg, F.R.G.). The liver cells were harvested with an in situ collagenase (type IV; Sigma) perfusion technique, and the hepatocytes were purified by repeated differential sedimentation at 50 X g for 2 min (21). The cell cultures were maintained in William's medium E (GIBCO)/10%o fetal calf serum/penicillin (100 units/ml)/streptomycin (100 ,Ag/ml)/Lglutamine (2 mmollliter)/insulin (1 jimol/liter). Cell densities were adjusted to 4 x 105/ml, and the incubations were continued for 24 hr. Application of Exogenous NO and Induction of Endogenous NO Synthesis. Exogenous NO was applied to V79-derived cell lines by two different substances, which spontaneously release NO. The first NO donor was sodium nitroprusside (SNP; Sigma). The second NO donor, S-nitrosoacetylpenicillamine (SNAP), was synthesized according to Field et al. (22). SNP readily dissolves in water, but SNAP was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide before further dilution in reaction buffers. Because dimethyl sulfoxide suppressed both rat and human CYP1A2 activity by itself, methanol was used as a solvent of SNAP for the CYP1A2 reactions. The release of NO, as measured by accumulation of nitrite, was identical in both solvents. Endogenous NO synthesis was induced in rat hepatocytes by incubation with a combination of recombinant murine TNF-a (500 units/ml), recombinant human IL-1 (5 units/ml), recombinant rat IFN-y (100 units/ml), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 ug/ml from Escherichia coli 111:B4; Sigma). This cytokine mixture in combination with LPS will be referred to hereafter as CM. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMA; Sigma) was used as a competitive inhibitor of L-arginine-dependent NO biosynthesis. Determination of Nitrite Concentrations. As an oxidation product of NO biosynthesis, nitrite was determined spectrophotometrically at 540 nm, based on a diazotization assay, generally referred to as a Griess reaction (23). In this reaction the adduct of nitrite and sulfanific acid interacts with N-(1naphthyl)ethylenediamine to form a purple azo dye, which is finally measured. Enzyme Assays. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity of rat and human CYPlA1 enzymes was determined by measuring the fluorescence of the hydroxylated metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene with excitation at 396 nm and emission at 522 nm (24); 3-OH-benzo[a]pyrene was used as a reference. For the enzyme assay 0.4 mg of V79 cell protein was added to 1 ml of reaction buffer containing 50 umol Tris HC1 (pH 7.6), 3 Aimol of MgCl2, 0.6 umol of NADPH, and SNP or SNAP in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 mM. After 30 min of exposure to the NO donors on ice the reaction was started by the addition of 100 nmol of benzo[a]pyrene and maintained for 30 min at 370C. The reaction was stopped by addition of propanol/hexane, 1:3 (vol/vol) (4 ml). CYP1A2 activity was determined by the 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) dealkylation to resorufin, which was measured spectrofluorometrically at an excitation of 550 nm and an emission of 585 nm. V79 cell protein (0.4 mg) was added to 1.25 ml of reaction mixture containing Tris HCl (pH 7.6) at 50 ,umol/ml, MgSO4 at 5 pmol/ml, NADPH at 0.4 pmol/ml, Dicumarol at 10 nmol/ml, and SNP or SNAP at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 mM. After 30 min of exposure to NO on ice the reaction was started with 2 nmol of ethoxyresorufin and stopped after 30 mmn of further incubation at 370C by the addition of 2.5 ml of methanol. The total time of exposure to the NO donors was 60 min for both AHH and EROD reactions. During this time NO release was linear. All reagents for the AHH and the EROD assays were from Sigma. AHH activity was also assayed in rat hepatocyte cultures (25). For induction of CYPs of the 1A subfamily one-half of the cultures was incubated with f3-naphthoflavo


Master of Food Science and Engineering - International Student Program (MFSE-ISP) is an English-medium master program for international students to study in the field of food science and technology at South China University of Technology. This paper describes the detailed situation of MFSE-ISP from program objectives, teaching system, teaching methods, comprehensive evaluation system, scientific research and practical activities, as well as the management of international students.


Nowadays, populations in buildings are heterogeneous. They cohabit with robots and machines that move inside buildings. The capacity of each individual to process and perceive its environment is as miscellaneous as the populations themselves. These individuals deal with simple and quotidian problems of indoor displacement, which reduce their productivity, comfort and even the performance of buildings. The need of a context-aware environment that provides quick, safe and direct solutions to this issue is evident. We present in this paper a Context-Aware Edge Layer named CAEL, made with Internet Of Things-based cyber-physical system and ontologies. CAEL takes reasoning skills on a context-aware system close to the source of data to create interoperability. This latter intends to improve mobility in indoor environments. Our approach addresses the displacement problem from two different perspectives: the occupants and the building. CAEL improves occupants' perception and processing by enriching their knowledge and reducing processing load respectively, while the building re-configures its topology to improve mobility. To validate our prototype, we constructed a physical scale model of a building. Inside, we placed small autonomous mobile robots to represent populations. We evaluate CAEL performance to improve indoor mobility by running multiple use cases. Results have shown evidence of cooperation between the environment and its occupants in terms of mobility. This study paves the work for a complete reasoning distributed architecture.


"God is good to all, and His mercy is upon all His works" (Psalms 145:9). This verse is the touchstone of the rabbinic attitude toward animal welfare, appearing in a number of contexts in Torah literature. The Torah espouses an ethic of compassion for all creatures, and affirms the sacredness of life. These values are reflected by the laws prohibiting tza'ar baalei chaim (cruelty to animals) and obligations for humans to treat animals with care.


Technology systems which have begun to make a tremendous impact in an area not noted for its technological background are library networks. Everyone is aware of the so-called "information explosion" and many if not most libraries are not able to afford or have space to store the new information. Users are finding it much more time consuming to locate needed materials. Thus, library sharing or its technological equivalent-computerized networks are becoming popular. This article is an overview of what they are, what they are not, their advantages and disadvantages. The time may be fast approaching when a library is judged, not by the number of books, but by its services to its users.


The clinical data of coronary artery disease in patients with double‐chambered right ventricle are limited. We report an adult double‐chambered right ventricle case with three‐vessel coronary artery disease that was successfully treated with concomitant double‐chambered right ventricle repair and coronary artery bypass grafting.


Corresponding author: Kyu Chang Won http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5945-3395 Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com The official journal of the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA), Diabetes & Metabolism Journal (DMJ) has finished a meaningful journey, and has been accepted to Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) in October, 2017. KDA has published 'The Journal of Korean Diabetes Association' in 1972 which is the first version of the official journal (Korean version). In 2008, the journal's title changed to 'Korean Diabetes Journal,' and it became an English journal given the goal of SCIE index since 2010. DMJ has been renewed to a new version in 2011 and it is published bimonthly until now. The current status of the scientific research and practice of worldwide diabetes and metabolic diseases has been published in the DMJ since its birth in 2011. In KDA's 50th anniversary, DMJ was indexed in SCIE and became available at the Web of Science Core Collection. Numerous individuals—KDA's members, authors, reviewers, editors—have worked together to have it accepted to SCIE and to disseminate new foundational and clinical knowledge about the collective and increasingly complex co-relevancies of diabetes and metabolic diseases. I believe that DMJ is becoming a successful international journal in accordance with the efforts of the KDA to become an active contributor fighting against the threat of worldwide epidemic of diabetes. The recent trend of citation clearly conveys the enhanced reputation and status of DMJ. The number of citations in other journals and the number of article downloads in DMJ have steadily increased. DMJ has continued to maintain a high quality standard and its official status. Moreover, it is qualified to provide a high quality contents to the subscribers. DMJ is committed to contributing to the development of diabetes in education and treatment of diabetes by sharing scientific information about the latest developments in diabetology. DMJ is an international, peer-reviewed, open access, online journal, which publishes original research, reviews, and commentaries in all areas relevant to diabetes and metabolic diseases. Our outstanding DMJ publications staff has a well-deserved reputation of being very responsive to the needs of authors and reviewers. The first impact factor (IF) of DMJ will be released this year and I expect this first IF to be high. The cover of DMJ will be renewed and the content of DMJ will also be available on new online platforms, so you can access your articles from anywhere. You will witness great innovations at the 2018 ICDM (International Congress of Diabetes and Metabolism) meeting this October in Seoul, Korea, and a special DMJ session will be held during the event. Its purpose is to invite authors of manuscripts that were scored the highest by our editors and reviewers in 2017. During this session, you will listen to original research presentations from five speakers, each representing a different subspecialty area. The speakers will describe not only their published work but also more recent unpublished information. The goals of this session are to help all of us to keep up with all of diabetology, to maintain our intellectual breadth, to provide a great opportunity for fellows and other younger scientists to gain the bully pulpit, and to celebrate the creative process of revitalizing DMJ's unique educational business. Assuming the Editorship of DMJ is a great and personally modest proposal for me, our overall goal is to maintain the best of DMJ and build upon the excellent performances provided by the previous president of KDA, Myung Sik Lee, MD, PhD.; the previous chairman, Board of Directors of KDA, Moon Kyu Lee, MD, PhD.; and the previous Editors-in-chief, Special Editorial


The Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System(NAQPMS)was applied to simulate ozone in the boundary layer over East Asia in April 2004,and the photochemical activity in the boundary layer was assessed.The results indicated ozone content in the boundary layer over East Asia had a band distribution,with a maximum of 55×10-9 in the region of 30°N-40°N.Due to a weak winter monsoon,the transport pathway formed along Mongolia,Northeast China and Japan,with a flux of 3×10-5 mol/(m2·s).Net ozone photochemical production showed that the effect of photochemistry on ozone formation mainly occurred in the area with great pollution;additionally,negative correlation between net ozone photochemical production and net ozone horizontal transport flux suggested that the photochemical ozone was transported to the downwind region and didn't exist only in the original location.


A generalized antiferromagnetic approach to the Mott transition is analyzed with special emphasis on electron doped cuprates, where evidence for electronic phase separation is weak or absent. Fluctuations are incorporated via a self-consistent renormalization, thereby deriving a `nearly-antiferromagnetic Fermi liquid' susceptibility. The calculation is sensitive to hot-spot effects. Near optimal doping, an approximately electron-hole symmetrical Mott gap collapse is found (quantum critical points). The calculation satisfies the Mermin-Wagner theorem (Neel transition at T=0 only -- unless interlayer coupling effects are included), and the mean-field gap and transition temperature are replaced by pseudogap and onset temperature. The resulting susceptibility is used to calculate the doping dependence of the photoemission dispersion, in excellent agreement with experiment. Discussions of interlayer coupling, doping dependence of $U$, and extension to a three-band model are included.


In this paper, I examine the phenomenon of English depictive and resultative predications with specific attention given to the relation between accentual focus structure and argument structure. The goal is pursued primarily through a production experiment and analyses to establish the interconnection between focus and argument structure. The central claim is that the resultative predicate forms a complex predicate with a main verb, whereas the depictive predicate behaves as an adjunct in English secondary constructions. The result shows that the relationship between focus and accent depends at least in part on their argument structure, confirming that current focus theories about argument-head and adjunct-head structures in primary predication constructions can be extended to secondary predication constructions.


Objective. To establish the features and interrelation of the levels of hemodynamics and the activity of immune reactions regulation in practically healthy people and patients with coronary heart disease living in the European North and the Arctic of the Russian Federation.Material and methods. The study included 430 people aged 21 to 55, 274 women and 156 men, living in Arkhangelsk region (Arkhangelsk, settlements of the Konosha district; 60° N.L., 40° E.L.), Murmansk region (settlements of Revda and Lovozero; 67° N.L., 34° E.L.) and the Spitsbergen archipelago (Barentsburg; 80° N.L., 10° E.L.). 244 of those were practically healthy at the time of the examination and 186 patients were diagnosed with coronary heart disease. The research included the study of hemogram, content of phenotypes of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD71+ lymphocytes, concentrations of sCD71, transferrin, IL-1β, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, Nt-pro-BNP, endothelin-1, total NO, endogenous NO2, nitrate NO3, cGMP, cAMP, antibodies to cardiolipin, antibodies to phospholipids, CEC IgM.Results. It was found that practically healthy residents of the Arctic, compared to people living in more favorable climatic conditions, are 2–2.5 times more likely to have elevated concentrations of transferrin, sCD71, dopamine, cortisol, endothelin-1 and Nt-pro-BNP, as well as autoantibodies to cardiolipids and IgM CIC in the plasma of venous peripheric blood. In patients with coronary heart disease, the frequency of elevated levels of trasferrin, endothelin-1, and cortisol in the blood is 1.5–2 times higher, and concentrations of natriuretic peptide, antiphospholipids, CIC and a free pool of transferrin receptors are 4–5 times higher than those in healthy people. The strongest correlations of all these factors with the concentration of the cardiomyocyte damage marker were found in sCD71, which confi rms the involvement of elevated concentrations of the serum transferrin receptor in the mechanisms of tissue damage.Conclusion. Hyperfunction of the cardiovascular system is provided by elevated reactions. A systematic increase in the levels of hemodynamic reactions, intercellular interactions, and integration of homeostasis regulation mechanisms provide correction of a certain stage of regulation and may lead to a reduction in reserve regulatory capabilities and excessive severity of adaptive processes.


Introduction and objective. Common to the talocrural and subtalar joints, the calcaneofibular ligament forms with the anterior bundle a mechanical coupling factor for ankle stabilization. Adhering to the deep surface of the fibular sheath, doubled in depth by the lateral talocalcaneal ligament, it is solicited in isolated varus and its lesion is involved in subtalar instability. The therapeutic strategy for chronic ankle instability is currently based on the anatomical reconstruction of the ligaments, particularly by arthroscopy, hence the objective of this study, which aims to highlight the great variability of the calcaneofibular ligament. Materials and method. Our work is based on the dissection of 24 ankles. The number of beams, the dimensions at the neutral point and after power-up, the relationships with the surrounding anatomical structures as well as the points of insertion of the CFL are studied. Results. The calcaneofibular ligament was monofascicular in 91.6% of cases and bifascicular in 8.4%. Its average length in a neutral position was 26.85 ± 3.46 mm, and its width was 5.33 ± 1.45 mm. In dorsiflexion, the length was 27.10 ± 0.05 mm, and in forced inversion, it was 26.98 ± 0.07 mm. The distance between its fibular insertion and the apex of the lateral malleolus


Sala Wusu aquifer of Shigetai Coal Mine in Shendong mining area is with wide distributation,large thickness and rich water-bearing capability and is main source of mine water.This paper points out the characteristics of mining water at 22302 work face,considers that the mine water bursting of Shigetai Coal Mine is related to the thickness of Sala Wusu quifer,the thickness of the bedrock above coal seam and the mining height of coal seam,points out the new idea of grouting consolidating reducing the mine water quantity and making ecological groundwater level remained stable in the caving area.


The control of drug-related crimes is peculiar in ethnic areas of Western China.Religion can function as social control over drug-related crimes and hold a negative attitude towards drug-related crimes,which plays a key role in publicizing the control over drug-related crimes and supplementing legal norms in ethnic areas of Western China.


In view of the current problems in building college and university's learning style,theory and practice were based on to prove the importance and necessity of competition in the building of college and university's learning style.Analyses were made of the important roles of Party branches and student Party members in promoting the building of learning style in the perspective of competition.Findings show that competitive campaigns can strengthen the building of college and university's learning style.


Progress in modeling, animation and rendering means that rich, high fidelity interactive virtual worlds are now commonplace. But as photographers and cinematographers know, achievement of the intended informational and aesthetic goals is highly dependent on the position and motion of the camera in relation to the elements of the scene. Camera control encompasses interactive approaches, semi-automatic camera positioning, and fully declarative approaches to the management of a user's viewpoint on a scene. Camera control is required in nearly all interactive 3D applications and presents a particular combination of technical challenges for which there have been a number of recent proposals (e.g. specific path-planning, management of occlusion, modeling of high-level communicative goals). We present classify the approaches, analyze the requirements and limits of solving techniques and explore in detail the main difficulties and challenges in automatic camera control.


Platelet-derived microparticle(PMP) is small plasma membrane vesicles shed from platelets upon their activation or apoptosis.Not only PMP is the important prothrombotic and proinflammatory substance,but also its function is used as vehicle for many kinds of bioactive substances mediating intracellular transfer of biological information.PMP is involved in regulation of coagulation,immune inflammation and vascular function,playing key roles in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis and possibly becoming a new bio-marker and therapeutic target of cardiovascular diseases.This review will mainly focus on biological characteristics of PMP and its roles in cardiovascular diseases.


Most existing papers in Chinese have only studied the impact of fund's critical performance on net redemption. This paper first calculates the relative efficiency of 42 open-end mutual funds with DEA between 2003 and 2007, then investigates the effect of fund's relative efficiency on investors' purchase, redemption and net redemption. Empirical results indicate that fund investors' purchase and redemption are positively correlated with fund's relative efficiency while net redemption is negatively correlated with relative performance. This paper further shows that fund investors have similar response to relative performance and critical performance, but respond differently to critical performance in annual interval from quarterly interval.


highly stimulated during training will require a consistency of human attention regardless of whether a particular study has ®nished. It is essential that, when studies are completed, arrangements are made for such birds to be rehomed with people who will be able to provide appropriate levels of interaction and stimulation, especially as it may never be possible to house them with other birds. This should be considered at the project planning stage, before any birds are acquired.


Abstract : The United States' attention has been focused anew on the Indian Ocean area because of the buildup of the Russian Navy and the regular appearance of Soviet naval vessels in the region. Questions are raised concerning the nature and consequence of the Soviet presence. Attitudes of the littoral states are examined and their impact on possible US courses of action. The principal problem concerns how to inhibit a Soviet hegemony in the area which might, in time, affect the central balance of power adversely to American interests. Information and data were collected from American, British, and SEATO sources.


An On-demand Scheduling Cooperative MAC protocol (OSC-MAC) is proposed to address the energy hole problem in multi-hop wireless sensor networks (WSNs). By combining an on-demand strategy and sensor cooperation intended to extend range, OSC-MAC tackles the spatio-temporal challenges for performing cooperative transmission (CT) in multi-hop WSN: cooperating nodes are neither on the same duty cycle nor are they in the same collision domain. We use orthogonal and pipelined duty-cycle scheduling, in part to reduce traffic contention, and devise a reservation-based wake-up scheme to bring cooperating nodes into temporary synchrony to support CT range extension. Compared with existing MAC protocols, our NS-2 simulations with REACT show that while we explicitly account for the overhead of CT and practical failures of control packets in dense traffic, OSC-MAC still gives almost 80% increase in network lifetime.


Background: Post-operative cases cause a high level of anxiety. The Emotional Freedom Technique and Deep Breathing Exercise methods are psychological anxiety intervention methods that are innovative and interesting for further research. Aim: The aim was to find out the Effect of Emotional Freedom Technique Therapy and Deep Breathing Exercises to Reduce Anxiety. Methods: The research design was a randomized controlled trial, the literature searching process was specified on the ten years' latest research (2014-2021), selected from several indexed electronic databases (Scopus, Sciencedirect, Proquest, Sage, Ebsco). The Risk of Bias assessment tool used Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. Keywords were based on MeSH Browser's Medical Subject Heading; Emotional Freedom Technique AND Deep Breathing Exercise AND Anxiety. Results: The search used a search engine on a total of 875 articles and found 14 eligible journal manuscripts selected according to the criteria. The total numbers of respondents in this review were 645 respondents. Conclusion: There is an Effect of Spiritual Therapy Emotional Freedom Technique and Deep Breathing Exercise to Reduce Anxiety.


The transformation behavior,microstructure and cyclic deformation characteristics of annealing Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V(mole fraction,%) alloy were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry,optical microscopy,XRD and tensile test.The results show that the transformation types of the 400,500 and 600 ℃ annealed alloys are A→R/R→A,A→R→M/M→R→A and A→M/M→A(A — parent phase,R — rhombohedral phase,M — martensite phase) upon cooling/heating,respectively.The constituent phases of the alloy at room temperature are B2 and R phases.The microstructure morphology of the 400,500 and 600 ℃ annealed alloys are fibrous,fibrous and equiaxed,respectively.Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V alloy shows superelasticity at room temperature.The critical stress for inducing martensitic transformation(σM) of the 600 ℃ annealed alloy is higher than those of the 400 and 500 ℃ annealed alloys.The stress— strain cycling characteristics of the 400 ℃ annealed alloy is stable,the superelasticity is excellent,and the alloy shows completely nonlinear superelasticity after one stress—strain cycle.The stress—strain cycling stability of the 500 and 600 ℃ annealed alloys are poor.With increasing cyclic number,the σM and the cyclic energy dissipation of the alloy decrease.With increasing cyclic strain,the cyclic energy dissipation increases,while the cyclic stability decreases in the alloy.


Preface Introduction: Status Distinctions in Athenian Law How to Execute People in Fourth-Century Athens The Athenian Rationale for Torture Religion, Empire, and Freedom for Slaves The Hospitality of Athenian Justice: The Metic in Court 'Whoring Under Contract': The Legal Context of Prostitution in Fourth-Century Athens The Scrutiny of New Citizens at Court Epilogue


An important factor in the outcome of a viral infection is the occurrence of cells expressing major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and class I1 antigens, because activation and the effects or functions of T cells depend on recognition of the virus antigen in the context of MHC antigens. Under normal conditions, the nervous system has low levels of MHC antigen expression.' However, enhanced expression of both class I and class I1 MHC antigens occurs during certain circumstances. Among others, gamma-interferon and coronavirus infections induce both class I and class I1 antigen expression on neural cells in vitro.2-5 We studied the extent to which these antigens can be induced during fatal or nonfatal measles virus encephalitis in the rat as well as the occurrence of immunocompetent cells in infected rat brains, as detected by immunostaining.6 Lewis rats (age 314 days) were injected intracerebrally with a hamster neurotropic strain (HNT) of measles virus. Controls received a similar suspension without virus. The animals were killed between day 4 and day 48 after inoculation, and the brains were dissected and frozen. Coronal sections were cut, fixed, and subjected to immunohistochemistry. Monoclonal antibodies to viral antigen, class I and I1 MHC antigen, and antibodies for T cells and T-cell subsets were used (TABLE 1), and the binding was visualized by a modified peroxidase antiperoxidase method. In controls, anti-class I immunoreactivity was detected in intracerebral vessels, but not in brain parenchyma, and anti-class I1 immunoreactivity was absent within the brains of uninfected rats. In both young rats with fatal disease and older rats with a milder course of the infection, a marked induction of both class I and class I1 MHC antigens was detected (TABLE 1). The anti-class I immunoreactivity was distributed diffusely, probably involving most types of cells in the brain, whereas anti-class I1 immunoreactivity occurred mostly on cells around intracerebral vessels and in small foci in the brain parenchyma. The distribution of class I antigen was not limited to inflammatory cells or areas of the brain where viral antigens were demonstrated. This


1. High-resolution 3D visualization of the strata, fractures and deformation bands using 3D Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). 2. Integration of structural information into stratigraphic and petrophysical characterization 3. 3D fracture analysis of GPR cube using AntrackingTM 4. 4D GPR experiment to track and quantify fluid flow within the strata, fractures and deformation bands 5. Simulation model of the GPR volume, using a HAVANNA/ECLIPSE simulation and comparing it with the fluid flow experiment


This year's nitride symposium showed the scope of nitride-related advances spanning basic materials physics over process technology to high-performance devices. Progress was reported in bulk growth of GaN and AlN, growth on various substrates and substrate orientations, optical properties of InN, defect and doping analysis of p-doped GaN, and polarization properties. These led to new performance records in visible light emitter technology, i.e., higher efficiency/higher brightness, UV emitters with shorter wavelength, and UV and photo detectors. Advances in the development of nitride-based electronic devices with new heterostructure FET designs for RF power applications, including those on Si substrates and wafer fusion, are also reported. This book captures the exciting developments in this rapidly progressing field. Topics include: epitaxy - devices and defect reduction; defects and characterization; epitaxy - nonpolar orientations and alloys; optical properties; UV emitters and detectors; visible light emitters; electronic devices; characterization of defects and transport; and contacts, processing and p-type nitrides.


GEANT4 based simulation of the beam channel and the upstream PID system of the MICE experiment is presented. Results of the analysis of particle separation capabilities exploiting the time of flight system are discussed. Comparison of the performance for different settings of the magnetic elements of the beam channel and for different intrinsic resolutions of the TOF counters is made. and Cooperation in the framework of the programme SCOPES-Scientific cooperation between Eastern Europe and Switzerland. c Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence.