In a plainly worded target article whose sagacity and import can hardly be overstated, Wiebers & Feigin place the recent COVID-19 crisis in historic perspective. They warn us that unless we make sweeping changes the next pandemics are all but preordained. They offer a blueprint for dramatically lowering the likelihood of future pandemics. Gidon Eshel is a geophysicist and Research Professor at Bard College. His research is on the geophysics of agriculture. Website Wiebers & Feigin (2020a,b) (W&F) begin their argument close to their scientific home, enumerating the mounting neuropsychiatric costs of the current COVID-19 pandemic. This fits with our evolving understanding of COVID-19 as a broader systemic inflammation disorder rather than a purely respiratory one (e.g., Mehta et al. 2020), including also cardiological dimensions (e.g., Rath et al. 2020). W&F then quickly get to the key point that makes their target article so unique and important: A long-term solution for COVID-19 requires fundamentally altering our interactions with livestock, wildlife, and indeed the entire natural world. More limited intervention would be as ineffectual as trying to combat the rise in Type II diabetes without addressing diet or inactivity. W&F document the role of livestock in the rise of antibioticresistant infections in humans and in such key recent pandemics as COVID-19, HIV, and avian influenza viruses, including H5N1 and H7N9. F&W conclude with a warning that if we fail to make fundamental changes, more pandemics, and potentially more deadly ones are inevitable. Rather than a report of new scientific data or a complete, systematic review, W&F's article is a conceptual essay relying on a few key references to bolster their argument. Their thesis is corroborated conceptually and complemented empirically by Gibb et al.'s (2020) detailed Nature paper showing that "land use has global and systematic effects on local zoonotic host communities." Among our many needs, real or perceived, the one using the most land by far, powerfully propelling its negative effects, is livestock (Eshel et al. 2014, 2016, 2018, 2019). To prevent future pandemics, W&F conclude, we must rethink our relationship with animals, and livestock in particular. The main upshot of this rethinking is the need to eat less animal-based food, including markedly reducing our consumption of beef (Shepon et al. 2016). Livestock proponents have a small set of counterarguments to this that they have been invoking since at least the publication of Diet for a Small Planet nearly 50 years ago (Lappé 1971): Animal Sentience 2020.365: Eshel on Wiebers & Feigin on Covid Crisis 2 "Modern intensive livestock operations are becoming steadily more efficient" (e.g., Naranjo et al. 2020). This is true but irrelevant. That producing beef was even more resourceintensive in past decades does not change the fact that today's beef requires one to two orders of magnitude more resources per unit protein than viable alternative food sources (Eshel et al. 2014). "Cattle convert sunshine to food using resources that cannot otherwise yield any human food." It is true that cattle convert grass -which we or our fellow monogastric animals cannot utilize effectively -to edible meat. The practical reality, however, is that to be economically viable, even the most grass-based commercial beef production uses large amounts of fossil fuel (Pelletier et al. 2010). The assumption that natural resources are wisely allocated only if they yield human food fails to take into account alternative uses of resources, such as in maintaining biodiversity (Treves et al. 2019), in sustaining ecosystems (Baker & Wingler 2020) – and in preventing pandemics (W&F). Some particularly productive, minimally biodiverse land is suitable for cattle grazing, but not the roughly 0.7 billion acres of arid U.S. rangeland whose mean productivity is so minute as to afford no more than 17 grazing days per year (Eshel et al. 2015) yet whose biodiversity is greatly reduced by grazing (Filazzola et al. 2020). "Meat is an indispensable protein source." This frequent claim is contradicted by a sizeable body of public health data (e.g., Willett 2003; Bittman & Katz 2020; Crimarco et al. 2020). W&F argue that livestock production is a potent causal factor underlying the COVID19 crisis -the pandemic it triggered, and the resultant global health and economic misery. That it promotes pandemics is thus yet another compelling reason to diminish or eliminate meat in American and global diets.


Our country is big beekeeping country,propolis is rich in resources.Propolis has anti-bacterial anti-inflammatory,enhance immunity,anti-oxidation,regulate blood sugar and blood lipids and protect the liver.Propolis can bring good economic benefit when used in pig production.This paper reviewed on the biological functions of propolis and propolis in pig production applications.


The increase number of cases on the misused of Halal logo and questionable status of Halal food indicate that there are weaknesses in the procedure of determining Halal food. In this case, food companies must be prepared to implement traceability system to ensure the authenticity of Halal products. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the Halal traceability system adoption on Halal food supply chain integrity and performance. Using a quantitative research approach, survey questionnaires were distributed to 127 Malaysian Halal food and beverages companies during Halal exhibitions. Partial Least Squares (PLS) software was applied to examine the direct effect hypotheses. The results revealed that Halal traceability system adoptions were significantly importance in enhancing Halal food supply chain integrity and performance. The study has successfully filled the gap in literature by empirically establishing the relationship between Halal traceability system adoption on Halal food supply chain integrity and performance.


We appreciate the comments by Drs Scarabin and Scarabin-Carre on our recent publication.1 In this population-based study among postmenopausal women and elderly men, we identified sex differences in the association between estradiol, carotid plaque composition, and risk of stroke in men and women with carotid atherosclerosis. Our main findings indicate that circulating estradiol is associated with, both, presence of vulnerable carotid plaque and risk of stroke in postmenopausal women. Previously, we have, also, found that high levels of estradiol are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women and adverse cardiovascular profile, providing additional evidence on potential harmful effects of estradiol on cardiometabolic health in elderly women.2, …


This paper proposes the mechanism of knowledge consistency maintenance in knowledge representation system of Sphinx, which is a building tool to construct the knowledge-based system. Knowledge consistency constraints as the specifications of operational semantics can be viewed from two aspects. The one is that the constraints are viewed from the type of knowledge manipulating operations, and are classified into the constraints on knowledge assimilation and knowledge elimination. The other is that the constraints are viewed from the kinds of the minipulated knowledge, which are the factual knowledge and the structural knowledge.


As an essential input parameter, Leaf Area Index (LAI) plays significant value in global climate models.. Acquisition of LAI products with extensive long-term series is crucial for various applications. Presently, numerous remote sensing inversion algorithms have been proposed for the generation of LAI products. However, the low temporal resolution is a huge challenge for producing LAI at a medium to high spatial resolution scale. In addition, the cloud has resulted in a significant reduction of accessible data. In this study, a LAI reconstruction method considering vegetation phenological period was developed. A total of 241 Sentinel-2 images from Saihanba in northern China and cloud probability data provided by Sentinel Hub were collected. The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively reconstruct LAI value in the data-missing period and areas. This study evaluated the performance of LAI reconstruction by implementing the "leave-one-out" method. The results demonstrate that the RMSE of LAI reconstruction is 0.5509 when using July 31st data as the validation dataset, and 0.3933 when using August 7th data as the validation dataset. In summary, this study demonstrates the potential for the LAI time series reconstruction from high-resolution data.


The first section of this paper explains why assessing the worth of expert testimony poses special epistemological difficulties. The second traces the history of the various rules and procedures by means of which the U.S. legal system has tried to ensure, or at least control, the quality of the expert testimony on which it so often relies — from the Frye Rule, the Federal Rules of Evidence, and the Daubert trilogy to recent constitutional cases regarding the appearance of forensic witnesses in court and experiments with court-appointed experts and scientific education for judges. The third and final section suggests some lessons to be learned from the limited success of these efforts, and explores what might be better strategies going forward.


Although it is now recognized that degradation of protein in muscle, as well as other cells, is a highly regulated and selective process, the precise pathways and sites involved are not well understood.' We have attempted to introduce labelled proteins into different subcellular compartments by either pinocytosis or microinjection in cultured myotubes and to follow the fate of such proteins in order to identify the sites and pathways responsible for degradati~n.~. ' Myotubes exhibited marked pinocytic activity as indicated by uptake of several substrates including horseradish peroxidase (HRP), tritiated methyl-hemoglobin ('H-CH3-Hb) and tritiated methyl-bovine serum albumin ('H-CH3-BSA). HRP was internalized in membrane-bound vesicles initially distributed uniformly throughout the cells (FIGURE I) , but which subsequently became localized in perinuclear regions. 'H-CH,-Hb was extensively degraded to acid-soluble products within a few hours of pinocytosis. However, the degradation rate was not uniform, following instead a complex pattern in which the rate decreased dramatically as a function of time, for example, the average rates of 'H-CH3-Hb degradation during the first three hours and subsequent seven hours were 12.9%/h and 1. I%/h, respectively. This marked decrease can be accounted for, in part, by release of a substantial fraction of acid-insoluble label from myotubes (TABLE 1). Thus, as substrate within the cell is depleted by exocytosis, the fractional degradation rate (which is dependent on the intracellular concentration) decreases. To further characterize the fate of exogenous proteins, the effects of several lysosomotropic agents (methylamine, monensin, and chloroquine) were investigated. Preincubation with these drugs did not alter the uptake of 'H-CH,-Hb (TABLE 1). All three agents significantly inhibited (23-75%) the extent of proteolysis of hemoglobin with methylamine being most effective (TABLE I) . Part of this inhibitory effect results from an increase in exocytosis in the presence of these agents. Indeed there appears to be a reciprocal relationship between the degree of inhibition and extent of exocytosis (TABLE I ) . However, even after correction of fractional degradation rates for exocytosis of substrate, it appears that overall rates of proteolysis within the cells were inhibited in the presence of the lysosomotropic agents. Therefore, these drugs do not work simply by increasing the rate of exocytosis. Thus, skeletal muscle in culture possesses marked pinocytic activity and such internalized substrates can be either degraded by a pathway that involves lysosomes or released by exocytosis. Apparently,


This paper presents an estimator of location vector based on one-dimensional projection of high dimensional data. The properties of the new estimator including consistency ,asymptotic normality and robustness are discussed. It is proved that the estimator is not only stronglyconsistent and asymptotically normal but also with a breakdown point 1/2 and a bounded influence function.


Objective: Patients undergoing radical hysterectomy for cancer of the cervix frequently require intraoperative blood transfusion. The goals of the present study were to measure erythrocyte volume and plasma volume before and after radical hysterectomy and to reduce the transfusion rate with aggressive preoperative normovolemic hemodilution. Methods: Erythrocyte volume and plasma volume were measured simultaneously with nonradioactive markers preoperatively before hemodilution and postoperatively after retransfusion. Preoperative red cell volume and hematocrit were measured on the day before and immediately after surgery. The calculated blood loss was compared with the estimated blood loss. Results: Preoperatively the erythrocyte volume (mean ± SD) was significantly lower than normal (727±83 vs. 848±56 mL/ m 2 ; P<0.05) whereas the hematocrit was normal (38.5±3.7%). The preoperative plasma volume (1650±242 mL/m 2 ) was 118% and blood volume 106% of normal. The calculated intraoperative blood loss (1566±792 mL) was significantly underestimated by an average of 363±480 mL (P<0.05). Preoperative hemodilution to a hematocrit of 22% and retransfusion at a hematocrit of 15% led to a transfusion rate of 8.6%. Postoperatively the erythrocyte volume was decreased to 544±114 mL/ m 2 whereas plasma volume and blood volume increased (1965±281 and 2495±353 mL/m 2 , respectively). Conclusion: Preoperative normovolemic hemodilution can keep transfusion rates at radical hysterectomy low despite a low preoperative erythrocyte volume.


HE tablet of the Metropolitan Museum, New York, which is here published for the first time is unfortunately no longer entirely preserved. A few words are therefore necessary to explain why most of the lines of this autograph copy cannot be collated and verified. In 1939 I copied all the cuneiform tablets of the small collection belonging to the Metropolitan Museum. Among these tablets was a rather large fragment, marked with the accession number 86-11121, which, as could be seen from its thickness, once formed part of a much larger tablet. This fragment had already been cleaned and rebaked. Later I found in one of the storerooms of the museum many small fragments of various tablets which were almost all in an extremely poor state of preservation. None of them had ever been cleaned and rebaked. Among these new-found fragments were about half-a-dozen pieces which unquestionably belonged to the fragment 86-11121. I joined them all together and made a preliminary copy of the whole in so far as writing was legible beneath the lime incrustations. I then asked the one in charge of these tablets to have the whole reconstructed tablet cleaned and baked. Unfortunately, the "chemist" of the museum who undertook the task was inexperienced in this work and later reported to me that all the new fragments of this tablet were completely ruined in the process. Therefore, the only piece of this tablet which still remains in the museum is the original fragment marked 86-11-121. This has on its obverse the first thirty lines of Column I; on its reverse, the last seventeen lines of Column VI, together with the colophon, which is written in much larger script than the rest of the tablet. The first line of this colophon (the "catch-line" for the following tablet of the series) reads m u . sir-ri, "serpent." From this, as well as from the whole nature of the text, it is certain that this is the XIIIth tablet of the series HAR . ra =


A comparative study between the diverse versions of the eschatological myth of the monotheist religions of West Asia, on one side, and of the political theory and history philosophy in Karl Marx's thinking, on de other, is done in this article. The theme and structure similarly between both discourses, the ancient religious and the modern revolutionary, are defined, Leonard P. Wessell's interpretation of Marx's theory as a prometeic myth s commented. In this way, Marx's discourse is situate within the mythological tradition of Western culture.


IN DIFFICULT cases of disease involving the ocular fundus the use of several methods of examination may at times be of value in arriving at a reasonably exact diagnosis. The following procedures have been found to be of value in such instances, particularly in those of retinal detachment and of fundus tumor. USE OF CONTACT LENS OF TRONCOSO WITH DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY FOR OBSERVATION OF PERIPHERAL FUNDUS In the examination by direct ophthalmoscopy of the fundus of an eye with little astigmatism and with clear media, the clear, sharp image of the posterior pole gives way peripherally to an increasingly blurred and distorted picture. The most peripheral portion of the observable fundus shows merely as a reddish-orange blur, in which only very large or very prominent lesions, if present, can be seen. Schepens 1 has recently commented on this


The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short term progesterone (P4) supplementation on circulating P4 concentrations, corpus luteum (CL) size, and conceptus development in cattle. The oestrous cycles of crossbred beef heifers were synchronised using a 7-day PRID® Delta (1.55 g P4) treatment with administration of a PGF2α analog (Enzaprost®) the day before PRID® Delta removal. Only those recorded in standing oestrus (Day 0) were used. In Experiment 1, heifers were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 groups: (1) control: no treatment, (2) placebo: insertion of a blank device (no P4) from Day 3 to 7, (3) insertion of a PRID® Delta from Day 3 to 7, (4) insertion of a PRID® Delta from Day 3 to 5, or (v5) insertion of a PRID® Delta from Day 5 to 7. In vitro produced blastocysts were transferred to each heifer on Day 7 (10 blastocysts per heifer) and conceptuses were recovered at slaughter on Day 14. In Experiment 2 heifers were artificially inseminated at oestrus and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups (1) placebo, (2) PRID® Delta from Day 3 to 5, or (3) PRID® Delta from Day 3 to 7. All heifers were slaughtered on Day 16, and recovered conceptuses were incubated in synthetic oviduct fluid medium for 24 h; spent media and uterine flushes were analysed for interferon-tau (IFNT). In both experiments, daily blood samples were taken to measure serum P4 concentration. Data were analysed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Insertion of a PRID® Delta resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in serum P4, which declined following removal. In Experiment 1, serum P4 concentration was significantly lower from Day 9 to 14 (P < 0.05) and Day 14 CL weight was lower in the PRID® Delta Day 3 to 7 group than the placebo or control groups. P4 supplementation from Day 3 to 5 (17.0 ± 1.4 mm) or Day 3 to 7 (11.3 ± 2.3 mm) increased conceptus length compared to the placebo (2.1 ± 1.8 mm). In Experiment 2, serum P4 was significantly lower in the two supplemented groups following PRID® Delta removal compared with the placebo (P < 0.05) and was associated with a lower CL weight in the Day 3 to 7 group. Supplementation from Day 3 to 5 (94.0 ± 18.8 mm) or Day 3 to 7 (143.6 ± 20.6 mm) increased conceptus length on Day 16 compared to the placebo (50.3 ± 17.4 mm). Conceptus length was strongly correlated with the concentration of IFNT in the uterine flush (r = 0.58; P = 0.011) and spent culture medium (r = 0.68; P < 0.002). These findings highlight the somewhat paradoxical effects of P4 supplementation when given in the early metoestrus period in terms of its positive effect on conceptus development and its potentially negative effects on CL lifespan. Supported by CEVA Sante Animale and Science Foundation Ireland (07/SRC/B1156).


The philosophical bases of the problem-oriented researches have been considered. It is proved, that the philosophical approaches used as the bases of scientific knowledge, express in the best way the heuristic potential of scientific researches through demonstration of the opportunities, limits. It results in necessity of searching for the other ways of expressing life that opens new gnosiological prospects of science. Such prospects of scientific knowledge are realized through the problem-oriented researches


This article is dedicated to the scientific and theoretical search of new models and technologies of projecting the entire process of students' self study as a component of future specialists' professional qualifications


OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Our aim is to understand the role bilirubin oxidation products play in the development of cerebral vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. We aim to evaluate the time course of bilirubin, HO-1, and SOD1 in relation to the subsequent development of vasospasm in to establish predictors of vasospasm development. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Prospective cohort observational study involving collection of CSF samples of pts admitted to KU NeuroICU with SAH and placement of EVD. CSF will be extracted from the EVD of patients on the day of placement of the EVD, and then each subsequent day for a total of 10 days. Bilirubin concentration will be determined by means of spectrophotometry. HO-1 will be measured using a commercially available ELISA kit. Cu/Zn-Superoxide Dismutase will be measured using a commercially available ELISA kit. A review of patients chart will then be performed following discharge from hospital to determine if a diagnosis of vasospasm was made, details of the vasospasm (i.e. symptoms, severity), as well as to obtain demographic data and events occurring during patients admission that could confound statistical analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: First: we will investigate the feasibility of collecting serial CSF samples and processing them for target analyte quantification. We predict that the protocol will yield quality data that will result in insight on the pathophysiology of cerebral vasospasm. Second: we will characterize the changes in target CSF bilirubin breakdown analytes over 10 days. From this we hypothesize that as bilirubin oxidation increases, the propensity for cerebral vasospasm will also increase. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: If there is a clear correlation between formation of bilirubin and increase in HO-1, and SOD1, with the clinical signs of vasospasm, this could be used as a biomarker for not only identifying patients at risk for developing these complications but also a means to follow the effectiveness of potential therapies.


FEDERAL SCIENCE-BASED documents, such as risk assessments, that are used to support regulation would have to undergo peer review under a pending White House proposal. The standards, proposed on Aug. 29 by the White House Office of Management & Budget (OMB), would set a consistent, governmentwide benchmark on when peer review of agency documents should take place and how that peer review should be done. Currently, some regulatory agencies, including EPA, have peer review of many regulatory documents, while other agencies carry out few, if any, reviews. "Existing agency peer review mechanisms have not always been sufficient to ensure the reliability of regulatory information disseminated or relied upon by federal agencies," OMB says in explaining why it proposed the standards. 'The goal is fewer lawsuits and a more consistent regulatory environment," says John D. Graham, administrator of OMB's Office of Information & Regulatory Affairs. Under the proposed standards, the intensity of peer review would depend ...


Although the benefit of developing a child's emotional intelligence for the child's personality education has been beyond any doubts, methodological literature that focuses on 1 3-year-old children is still scarce in Lithuania. The aim of this article is to present the experience accumulated while creating a new programme for emotional intelligence development, entitled "Tales of Emotions", based on author's Method of Emotional Imitation. Particularly, it discusses the competences necessary for the developer and the teacher as well as challenges and problems encountered in the process of programme development and its implementation. The main methodological approach used in this text is self-observation or "diary" method that led to emphasize the non-linear character and the complexity of the process of method development. Importantly, the findings of this article provide the guidelines for creating a framework to develop the emotional intelligence of 1-6-year-old children and their parents while currently the emotional literacy of 1-3-year-old children is traditionally considered to be a family prerogative.


Background: Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is defined as a convolute of abnormally connected arteries and veins, where capillary bed is missing. The most common localization of AVM is intracranial. Brain malformations are about 20 times more frequent than extracerebral ones. Clinical signs depend on the localization of the malformation; besides local pain or bleeding, steal phenomenon often can be seen.


Objective To investigate the application non-invasive positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV) in the saving of acute left heart failure(ALHF) combined with type Ⅰ respiratory failure(RF-Ⅰ).Method 60 patients with ALHF combined with RF-Ⅰ were divided into two groups. 30 patients were applied NIPPV on the base of conventional treatment as treatment group, the other 30 patients were given conventional treatment without NIPPV as control group, compare and evacuate the clinical effects in the two groups. Result In treatment group, both PaO2 and SaO2 were obvious increased, the respiratory rate and heart rate were slowed. There were no change in the mean blood pressure. Total effective rate was 86.7%. Compared with the total effective rate only 66.7% in control group, significant difference(P0.05) was shown. Conclusion NIPPV shows remarkable effect in the saving of ALHF combined with RF-Ⅰ, such approach is worth spreading.


—————— ✦ —————— he successful reconstruction of the West German economy after World War II and its spectacular rise to the leading position in Europe since then is undisputed. However, the persistently high unemployment rate of the past two decades and the stagnation in the New Laender since unification have tarnished the splendor. Among the reasons for both the early success and the later mediocrity, a most influential one lies in Germany's economic constitution. From this relationship a more general lesson may be drawn. A country's economic constitution reflects an unwritten social contract. In constructing a constitution, the framers may strive for a balance between the interests of the members of society. Yet such a balance may turn out to be infeasible in the actual operation of the economy. In the United States, the Founding Fathers of the U.S. Constitution noted this problem in their debates, and it influenced the choices they made (Hamilton, Madison, and Jay [1788] 1947). The experience with Germany's postwar economic constitution, manifested in its social market economy, differs. Still heavily influenced by their experience of the Great Depression and its mass unemployment and hardship, which had paved the way for the Nazis' rise to power, the framers of Germany's economic constitution considered a social ethos a moral imperative. In their decision to lay that ethos down in the constitution, they seem to have overlooked the dilemma


Since late 1997, the floating crust layer in Hanford Tank 241-SY-101 (SY-101) has grown about two meters by gas accumulation. To reverse crust growth and reduce its retained gas volume, the waste in SY-101 will be diluted by transferring at least 300,000 gal of waste out of the tank and replacing it with water. In the fall of 1999, approximately 100,000 gal of this waste will be transferred into Tank SY-102; within a few days of that initial transfer, approximately 100,000 gal of water will be added to SY-101. This initial back-dilution is being planned to ensure that the base of the floating crust layer will be lifted away from the mixer pump inlet with minimal effect on the crust itself. The concern is that the added water will pool under the crust, so the resulting fluid mixture will be too light to lift the crust away from the mixer pump and dissolution at the crust base could cause unwanted gas release. To ensure sufficient mixing to prevent such stratification, water will be added near the tank bottom either through an existing sparge ring on the base of the mixer pump or through the dilution line at the inlet of the transfer pump. A number of simulations using the TEMPEST code showed that the mixing of the water and waste by this method is rapid, and the water does not pool under the crust. Although a density gradient is present, its magnitude is small compared with the difference between the slurry and water density. The result is essentially the same whether water is introduced at the base of the mixer pump or at the transfer pump. There is little effect of water flowrate up to the 500 gpm studied. In all cases, the minimum density remained above that required to float the crust and well above the density of saturated liquid. This indicates that the base of the crust will rise during back-dilution and there will be little or no dissolution of the crust base because the water will be close to saturation from the dissolution of solids in the mixed slurry.


1 ENSO Dynamics in the E3SM-1-0, CESM2, and GFDL-CM4 Climate Models 1 2 Han-Ching Chen, Fei-Fei-Jin, Sen Zhao, Andrew T. Wittenberg, Shaocheng Xie 3 4 5 1 Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA 6 2 CIC-FEMD/ILCEC, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, and 7 College of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 8 Nanjing, China 9 3 NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA 10 4 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA 11 12


This task is a vital part of drawing up a staff training and development programme. Helen Howard provides guidance on how to carry it out.


Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is relatively rare and has the worst prognosis of all head and neck cancers. Initially, surgery followed by postoperative radiation was the standard of care for locally advanced disease. In the recent years, various organ sparing approaches have evolved. There are mainly two schools of thought regarding larynx preservation in hypopharyngeal cancers which include either induction chemotherapy followed by response assessment for radical radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation. An ongoing trial is comparing the effectiveness between these two established approaches. The role of anti-EGFR therapy and immunotherapy is still being evaluated. Despite all the advancements in treatment, hypopharyngeal cancers are still associated with poor treatment outcomes.


The purpose of this study is to with a qualitative method and from a management perspective, identify important factors for municipalities in their work with implementing and maintain a long-term Lean methodology. The study was conducted in two Swedish municipalities. We have studied why and how municipalities are working with Lean and what Lean so far generated in. A total of six semi-structured interviews were conducted with key-people who has a managing- or supporting function.The result found that the aim of introducing Lean in the municipalities is to improve the quality for the customer, reduce waste, and make the organization more efficient so that it can meet future increased demand. Their main focus is to create a Lean culture where Lean is a natural part of the daily work. The main tools used are 5S, value stream-mapping, visual control. Some departments also use the PDCA wheel. What Lean work so far generated in is that some tasks and processes have changed which resulted in a reduced waste. In one case has the value for the end customer increased by reducing waiting time. The study establishes the following factors as crucial to creating a long-term Lean work: focus must be on creating value for the end customer, the organization must possess a great knowledge of Lean as a method, and the leadership must at all levels be engaged and supportive. Lean must be adapted to each individual organization, the focus should be on culture rather than tools, and have a reliable approach to reduce any resistance.


This paper put forward a concept and method for representing and modeling game scene based on dream of the red chamber in 3DS MAX. The scene is essential objects of virtual games, which serve as role for integrated, handsome information. Existing concepts for the representation of scene are restricted to computer performance such as complex and massive models. The presented unifies the representation of model sets of scene, which occur in most virtual game scene. In our method, the search main on three parts: structure optimization, model optimization, scene optimization.The scene is structured on a basis: close shot and perspective, for the perspective, to specify the appearance projective textures across model. Application-specific data can be associated similar to appearance information.


Multidimensional systems of n conservation laws often have a hyperbolic character, and in the process of evolution of their solutions this can result in the appearance of singularities (shock waves, fusion of masses). This is a motivation for seeking universal ways of defining generalized solutions. In [1] (for n = 1, 2) the author proposed a family of functionals which are connected with the original system of conservation laws so that the set of their extremal points determines a generalized solution of the system. In the degenerate case of the system of equations of pressureless gas dynamics this method can be implemented in the form of a particular variational representation for solutions, which can be used to describe the process of concentration of the substance; see [2] (for n = 2, 3). This process corresponds to conservation laws for the mass and the momentum, in contrast with models not taking account of the conservation of momentum (see [3]), so it is of interest for applications to astrophysics and, in particular, for investigations of the distribution of the hypothetical dark matter in the Universe. In this note we present this variational principle in its multidimensional version. Consider a quasi-linear system of conservation laws


Objective To study the effect of the theory of human nature care of Jean Watson of rehabili-tation on drug abuser.Methods 60 case of drug abusers were divided into study group and control group by ran-dom.Study group was given the human care nursing for 2 months.And the effects were evaluated by SAS,SDS,SCL-90.After they left hospital,they were visited and urintested,at the end of two week,one month and two month.Results The scores of these scales were no different before study,but the different were significant after 2 months and the relapse rate of study group was lower than the control group.Conclusion Using the theory of human nature care of Jean Watson directed the rehabilitation nursing work on drug abuse,It was use of rehabilita-tion on drug abuser.It was use of preventing to drug again and keeping the personal integrity.

Key words:
Drug abuser; Theory of human nature care; Rehabilitation


Introduction. ? There are 29 species of Sphaeroma currently known (Har rison & Holdich, 1984). Most species inhabit shallow-waters and some penetrate into waters of low salinity, particularly those which are wood-borers (Holdich & Harrison, 1983). Sphaeroma serratum (Fabricius) has a wide geographical range, i.e. Atlantic coasts of Europe, N.W. Africa, the Canaries, Madeira, the Azores, the Mediterranean, Black Sea, Suez Canal, South Africa, Western Australia (Monod, 1931; Omer-Cooper & Rawson, 1934; Harvey, 1969; Kensley, 1978; Holdich & Harrison, 1983). Its occurrence in South Africa and Western Australia is probably a result of man's activities through shipping. {Sphaeroma walkeri Stebbing has the widest geographical range of any Sphaeroma species and has been dispersed synanthropically to many of the world's ports (see Carlton & Iverson, 1981)). Sphaeroma serratum oc curs in a wide variety of habitats but is most commonly found under intertidal and shallow-water stones, in empty mollusc shells and, on rocky intertidal coasts, in upper shore crevices (Lejuez, 1966; Naylor, 1972; Harvey et al., 1973). It is very tolerant of desiccating conditions (Charmantier, 1973; Harvey et al., 1973), and can also tolerate brackish water to some extent, but not as well as Sphaeroma hookeri Leach and S. rugicauda Leach (see Harvey et al., 1973). All the records known to the authors cite Sphaeroma serratum as occurring in fully marine or estuarine situations. Observations. ? In the Faiyum depression 100 km south west of Cairo in Egypt is a large, closed, inland body of saline water Lake Qarun (200 km2, 40


Abstract Many work-related risk factors can cause construction site haza rds. Considering variable and changeablecharacteristics of construction site, risk of same trade can be different by combination of inherent characteristics.But established safety management has performed like other indu stries not reflecting characteristics ofconstruction. So, to suggest risk assessment methodology consid ering risk influence factors in construction site,this study extracts risk influence factors by literature review s and surveys, builds the weighting system forclassification of factors. And risk of trade is calculated base d on frequency and severity of risk. Risk assessmentmethodology is suggested by integrating risk influence factors and risk of trade. From this, risk considering theconditions of construction sites can be derived and based on th e derived risk, safety management can be performedmore effectively. This study has meaning for assessing the risk which can reflect characteristics of construction siteconsidering risk influence factors.Keywords :Construction Safety Management, Risk Management, Risk Assessment, Risk Influence Factor.


In formulating and implementing their monetary policies, central banks generally aim at bringing about changes in certain financial variables as a first step in their efforts to influence the ultimate targets of policy. The present work surveys the financial targets of six central banks, focusing particularly on the distinction between operating and intermediate targets. A general framework is then presented by which to evaluate the diverse financial targets. Concluding and general comments on the analysis are then provided. JEL: E52, E58


Some recent advances of self-incompatibility mechanism in fruit trees were reviewed in this paper.Mainly discussed the characteristic of self-incompatibly,the expression and cloning of Self-incompatibly gene(s-allele) and identify the main function protein (S-glycoprotein),which was coding by S-gene decided self-incompatibility in plant, the structure and function of S-glycoprotein,identify S-genetype etc,and some methods of using self-incompatibly mechanism.Some research programmes need to be studied in this field in the future were also suggested.


Summary In the cyanic flowers ofDahlia variabilis (Asteraceae), an enzyme was demonstrated which catalyzes a glucosyl group transfer from UDP-glucose to the 5 position of anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside and 3-O-malonylglucoside. The anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase (5GT) was purified 88-fold at 8 percnt; yield by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation followed by successive chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Sephacryl S-200 and Mono P. 5GT exhibited a pH optimum at 8.0 and a pI of 4. 2. Its apparent molecular weight calculated from Sephacryl S-200 was 53 kDa. Its activity was stimulated by 2-ME and DTE but strongly inhibited by PCMB and NEM. It was slightly activated by Mg2+ and Ca2+ but strongly inhibited by Hg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Fe3+ and Al3+. No effect of EDTA was observed. The apparent Km values for cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-(6′′-O-malonyl)glucoside and UDP-glucose were 120 μmol/L, 75 μmol/L and 250 μmol/L, respectively. Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and malonylglucoside were also considerable substrates, but low relative activity was observed for delphinidin 3-O-glucoside which has yet not been found inDahlia flowers. Dahlia 5GT showed substrate specificities different from those reported forSilene, Petunia, Matthiola andPerilla. Neither ADP-glucose nor UDP-galactose could serve as glycosyl donor.


Objective
To investigate the relationship between cleft lip and palate and sella bridge by measuring the size and shape of sella.

Methods
We selected 98 patients with cleft lip and palate as the experimental group and another 324 patients without cleft lip and palate were selected as control group. The sella point was located by Winceph 8.0 software to measure the length, depth and diameter of sella. Record the shape of sella(oval, round and flat)and type of sella bridge(no sella bridge, partial sella bridge, complete sella bridge). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 24.0.

Results
There were no significant differences between the two groups on the length, depth and diameter of sella(P=0.254; P=0.954; P=0.250, respectively). The gender differences on the depth and diameter of sella in control group was significant(P=0.02; P=0.003, respectively), while no significant differences were found in experimental group and on the length of sella in control group(P=0.69; P=0.60; P=0.54; P=0.11, respectively). The proportion on the shape of sella from most to least in experimental group was oval, flat and round, while in control group it was round, flat and oval, there were significant differences between the two groups (P=0.001). There were no significant differences on genders in experimental group, while the gender differences in control group was significant. Besides, the occurrence of sella bridge in experimental group was 46.94% while the incidence of sella bridge in control group was 10.49%, there were significant differences between the two groups (P<0.001). No difference were found on the incidence of sella bridge between genders in two groups(P=0.54; P=0.634, respectively).

Conclusions
There is no significant correlation between the cleft lip and palate and the size of the sella, but it is significantly related to the shape of sella and the incidence of sella bridge.The prevalence of sella bridge in cleft lip and palate cases significantly increases when compared with the control group.

Key words:
Cleft lip and palate; Sella turcica; Sella bridge


R liberty is a subject of perennial interest among Baptists. The Constitution of the Baptist World Alliance states that one of the primary purposes of this organization is "the safeguarding and maintenance of full religious liberty everywhere, not only for our own constituent churches, but also for all other religious faiths,'>]' and every Baptist World Congress issues a manifesto on religious freedom. This may be regarded as one of the fundamental principles of Baptists, one on which they all agree; and in this area Baptists have made a significant contribution. Their interest in religious freedom is related to their emphasis on the personal and voluntary character of true religion. Of course Baptists do not stand alone as champions 01 religious liberty. Protestantism, though originally intolerant, is now on the side of religious freedom, or at least of toleration, and so are individuals of many religions and of no religion. No religious communion, however, has a clearer record on this subject than do Baptists. .


Tourism destination image(TDI) is one of the most crucial factors in attracting tourists. And how to shape a better destination image and enhance the attractiveness of destinations also becomes a hot social concern. Firstly, in this article, the researches about TDI were summarized. Then, we took Guilin as an example and use IPA to analyze the tourist perception of destination image. Based on the investigation results and the IPA analysis, the pros and cons of destination image factors are obtained. Most perception factors make tourists feel satisfi ed, mainly involving natural beauty, social security and ecological protection. But some factors reduce the tourist satisfaction and expectations, including the transportation, accommodation, software and hardware conditions and other aspects.


Aerosols such asdust particles, water droplets, haze, fog degraded the standard of an image taken by the camera. In many applications of an image such as a video surveillance system, a navigation application, remote sensing use image as an input. These images are affected by environmental pollution due to the scattering of aerosols. Image disorientated its standard and not suitable for the vision system. There is a need to restore the image taken as input to the vision system. There are a lot of techniques, which can restore the image as its natural content. Dark Channel Prior is a key attribute to the restoration of degrade image. In this paper we use DCP method and median filter to rectify the transmission map and use AGCWD (adaptive gamma correction with weighting distribution) to enhance the contrast of final dehaze image. On seeing this quality of an output image this method provide finer and efficient outcomes. For the quality evaluation of these outcomes we use different parameter PSNR, MSE and IE. We compare these results with existing algorithm.


We propose a system that reads out character information in the surrounding environment and informs users via synthesized voice. The proposed system is implemented in a mobile device, such as a smart phone and a tablet PC, by using cloud computing. An image captured by the mobile device is processed by Character Recognition API (NTT docomo) in cloud computing and recognized words along with their positions in the image are sent to the mobile device. In the device, in case of restaurant menu, words are combined into food name and the correspondences between food name and its price are determined. Finally corresponded food with its price is outputted sequentially as synthesized voice. As a result of experiment, the correct correspondence rate is about 87% and the processing time is about 10 seconds. We also conducted a field test to investigate the usability by the visually impaired person. As a result, we confirmed that a totally blind user can manipulate the system and, take a photograph in a right angle and appropriate distance from a camera to a menu.


Nitrogen management for production of bread quality wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in eastern Canada has received little research attention. An experiment was conducted for 2 years at each of two sites in Quebec to study the effect of level and timing of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application on grain protein concentration, protein content per seed, non-protein seed dry matter, grain protein yield and nitrogen harvest index (portion of plant N in the grain) of four hard red spring wheat cultivars known to have potential as bread wheats in eastern Canada. The soil types were Bearbroock clay (fine, mixed, non-acid, frigid, Humaquept) and Ste-Rosalie clay (typic, non-acid, frigid, Humaquept). The experiment was a 4 x 4 x 2 factorial. Four cultivars were used: Columbus, Katepwa, Max and Hege 155-85. In both years 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha -1 were applied either all at seeding or 60 % at seeding and 40 % at heading. Grain protein concentration and grain protein yield increased consistently with increasing N fertilizer and with split N application. Nitrogen harvest index was not increased by increasing applications of N fertilizer. Protein content per seed was more critical in determining grain protein concentration than non-protein seed dry matter content. The western Canadian cultivars Columbus and Katepwa generally had greater grain protein concentration than the European cultivars Max and Hege 155-85. With reasonable N fertility the grain protein concentration of spring wheats grown in eastern Canada are sufficient for bread production.


The Marquette high resolution MAC‐3 ECG cort con record the His bundle electrogram non‐invasively at the bedside. The second generation MAC‐1 has several unique features and technical advances which may now make the technique clinically applicable. In addition to amplification and signal averaging, an adjustable input filtration system excludes beats which are unacceptably "noisy" compared to a 4 beat template. Thus, extremely "clean" signals are presented for processing by the averages allowing resolution of very low amplitude signals. Clear unequivocal His bundle recordings were obtainable in 25 of 55 patients (45%). A correlation coefficient of +.97 was obtained between invasive and non‐invasive HV intervals. The 55% failure rate was attributed to prolonged atriol activity in 31%, short PR in 9%, and technically unsatisfactory recordings with excessive or overwhelming noise which did not allow appreciable signal resolution in 15%.


In the attempt to develop a clean process, study has been conducted to determine the effect of absorbed CO2 gas as source of carbon to the case hardening of treated mild steels in the recently developed process of electro-carburisation in non-toxic molten carbonate salts. The concentration of CO2 in the process was varied by purging a CO2 and N2 mixture at flow rate ratios of CO2:N2 of 200:0, 150:50, 100:100, 50:150 and 0:200 mL.min -1 . Electro-carburisation was performed in two types of molten salt electrolyte i.e. a mixed anion Na2CO3-NaCl (mole ratio 4:1) and a pure carbonate Li2CO3-K2CO3 (1:1 mole ratio). A voltage of 2.5V was applied between mild steel cathode and an inert SnO2 anode at a carburisation temperature of 800 o C for 60 minutes. The results show that greater CO2 concentration produced samples with greater surface hardness and thicker case-hardening, attributed to the increased availability of the electro-active carbon source which was generated by absorption of CO2. Electro-carburisation in Li2CO3-K2CO3 and Na2CO3-NaCl gave surface hardness of 1075 ± 25 HV, however Li2CO3-K2CO3 (540 thickness) gave thicker case depth compared to Na2CO3-NaCl (500 thickness). This is thought to be due to the amount of carbon deposited in each salt; 12.70 wt.% C in Li2CO3-K2CO3 and 11.10 wt.% C in Na2CO3-NaCl.


Postmodernism is a very deceptive term. It is very hard to define the term as it encompasses various meanings for various critics. The critics like Michel Foucault, Jean Baudrillard, Jean Lyotard and Jameson attempt to define postmodernism in terms of culture and consumerism. Baudrillard's Simulacra and Simulacrum is a vital work to define modernism in terms of culture and consumerism. The present paper attempts to study culture and consumerism in Jean Baudrillard's work. The paper concludes that the postmodern society carried out death in all aspects of life.


The in-vitro genotoxicity of nanosized TiO2 rutile and anatase was assessed in comparison with fine TiO2 rutile in human bronchial epithelial BEAS 2B cells using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. BEAS 2B cells were exposed to eight doses (1—100 μg/cm2) of titanium(IV) oxide nanosized rutile (>95%, <5% amorphous SiO2 coating; 10 × 40 nm), nanosized anatase (99.7%; <25 nm), or fine rutile (99.9%; <5 μm) for 24, 48, and 72 h. Fine rutile reduced cell viability at lower doses than nanosized anatase, which was more cytotoxic than nanosized rutile. In the comet assay, nanosized anatase and fine rutile induced DNA damage at several doses with all treatment times. Dose-dependent effects were seen after the 48- and 72-h treatments with nanosized anatase and after the 24-, 48- (in one out of two experiments), and 72-h treatments (one experiment) with fine rutile. The lowest doses inducing DNA damage were 1 μg/cm2 for fine rutile and 10 μg/cm 2 for nanosized anatase. Nanosized rutile showed a significant induction in DNA damage only at 80 μg/cm2 in the 24-h treatment and at 80 and 100 μg/ cm2 in the 72-h treatment (with a dose-dependent effect). Only nanosized anatase could elevate the frequency of micronucleated BEAS 2B cells, producing a significant increase at 10 and 60 μg/cm 2 after the 72-h treatment (no dose-dependency). At increasing doses of all the particles, MN analysis became difficult due to the presence of TiO2 on the microscopic slides. In conclusion, our studies in human bronchial epithelial BEAS 2B cells showed that uncoated nanosized anatase TiO2 and fine rutile TiO2 are more efficient than SiO 2-coated nanosized rutile TiO2 in inducing DNA damage, whereas only nanosized anatase is able to slightly induce micronuclei.


The reaction of alkylphenylacetylenes with thallium(III) acetate in acetic acid under mild conditions (at 60–70°C for 1 hr) afforded a mixture of two isomeric acetoxythallated compounds in good yields. The hydrodethallation of these products to give the corresponding vinyl acetates was accomplished with boiling acetic acid.


Background and Aim Maternal near-miss (MNM) surveillance has been developed to identify severe complications in pregnancy since 2011 in China. However, very little is known about MNM in China. This study aims to explore the prevalence of MNM, the risk factors, and perinatal outcomes using the WHO near-miss approach in a developed Chinese province. Materials and Methods We used data from China's National Maternity Near Miss Obstetrics Surveillance System for the period 2012 to 2017, which included 18 hospitals in Zhejiang Province. Chi-squared tests were used to compare the socio-demographic factors, obstetric complications and perinatal outcomes between women with and without MNM. Logistic regression was used to examine the independent risk factors for MNM. Results A total of 612,264 pregnant women were recruited. There were 3208 MNM cases and 34 maternal deaths. The MNM incidence ratio was low at 5.9 per 1,000 live births, with an MNM mortality ratio of 98:1 and mortality index of 1.1%. Among 3208 women with MNM, postpartum hemorrhage was the commonest cause at 76.3% followed by severe anemia at 23.7% and placenta previa at 23.0%. Embolism was identified as having the highest risk for MNM (AOR 46.0; 95% CI 19.1–110.7), followed by postpartum hemorrhage (AOR 41.0; 95% CI 35.7–47.0), and severe anemia (AOR 36.6; 95% CI 16.0–84.1). MNM cases were significantly associated with severe perinatal outcome, including premature birth, low birth weight, multiple fetuses, stillbirth rates and neonatal mortality. Conclusion Overall near-miss indicators suggested a relatively high quality of maternal health care in a developed province of China. The identified risk factors may be helpful in developing targeted interventions for improving maternal safety.


On several roads in the city of Pagar Alam the road narrowing occurred. In particular, on Bridges often cause problems such as congestion, queues, and delays, it is necessary to know the behavior of traffic flow characteristics such as Volume, Speed, and Density. The primary data survey on the Ayek Bridge section of Jalan Kapten Sanap, Pagar Alam City, was carried out for two Sundays and Mondays with the Manual Count method. Data analysis was based on the 1997 Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI) using Microsoft Excel software. As for the results of the study obtained the traffic volume for road type 4/2 D (before narrowing) road capacity of 5,643 pcu / hour perlajur, with a value of degree of saturation of 0,15 and service level Type A. Road type 2/2 UD (narrowing) road capacity of 2375 pcu / hour perlajur, with a value of Saturation 0.38 and Service Level Type A, 4/2 UD type road (After Refinement) road capacity of 5130 pcu / hour of service, with a value of 0.20 saturation and level Type A service. The biggest shock wave is obtained on Monday at 07.00-08.00 WIB which is -119.18 km / hour. Negative value is a backward forming shock wave, a backward shock wave occurs towards the arrival of the vehicle. The term 'retreat' means that with time, the shock wave will move backward (upstream or in the direction opposite to the traffic perger). The term 'formed' means that with time, congestion will increase upstream.


This research is motivated by the problem that teachers have not applied the right model in the learning process and there is a tendency to understand that social studies are considered as a lesson that tends to be memorized. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Course Review Horay Type Learning Model on Social Studies Learning Outcomes in the material Struggle of the heroes of class IV SD Negeri 4 Air Gegas. This study uses quantitative research with the Quasi-Experimental Design method with Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sampling technique in this study used saturated sampling. The sample of this research was 23 students of class IV A and 23 students of class IV B. The data collection technique used was a test. The data analysis technique used is the normality test, homogeneity test along with hypothesis testing using the t-test sample-related polled variant. This result is shown in the calculation of count = 4.820 > stable = 2.074, this shows that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. So it can be concluded that there is an influence of the Course Review Horay type learning model on social studies learning outcomes in the Struggle of Heroes Class IV SD Negeri 4 Air Gegas material. This is because the learning process that is carried out using the Course Review Horay model makes students more active and interested in participating in the learning process in class so that students better understand the material presented.


This paper presents the construction design and process realization of the termite and rodent resistant water blocking cables for airport guiding lamps as well as the water blcking,termite and rodent resistant tests and other common tests on the finished cables.


This study identifies and evaluates determinants of employees' job and residential mobility. It examines the mobility of full-time employees in selected sectors in 2003/04, using register data for the Netherlands. A multinomial model of job and residential change is estimated. The results illustrate how individuals decide upon changing jobs and/or relocating by taking into account the strength of family- and job-related ties, career opportunities within and outside the firm, and attachment to the present dwelling. A long commuting distance was found to encourage both job and housing mobility, often simultaneously. Employees living/working in large cities are prone to change jobs, or to relocate. The influence of human capital indicators on mobility was found to be highly sector-dependent.


The strategic lazy incremental copy graph unification method is a combination of two methods for unifying feature structures. One, called the lazy incremental copy graph unification method, achieves structure sharing with constant order data access time which reduces the required memory. The other, called the strategic incremental copy graph unification method, uses an early failure finding strategy which first tries to unify substructures tending to fail in unification; this method is based on stochastic data on the likelihood of failure and reduces unnecessary computation. The combined method makes each feature structure unification efficient and also reduces garbage collection and page swapping occurrences, thus increasing the total efficiency of natural language processing systems mainly based on typed feature structure unification such as natural language analysis and generation systems.


Photocatalytic degradation processes of different materials are fitted with Mittag-Leffler function and incomplete gamma function, which are response functions for Cole–Cole relaxation and Davidson–Cole relaxation. The fitting results show that both functions can fit experimental data fairly well. The order of derivative in the kinetic differential equations can be either less, or greater than one. In the case of the order of derivative is greater than one, only incomplete gamma function is reasonable for describing the photocatalytic degradation. This work further confirms the existence of the universality in photocatalytic degradation kinetics.


Treating charges obtained from a renewable source comprises: hydrotreating the charges in the presence of a fixed bed catalyst at a temperature of 200-450[deg] C, a pressure of 1-10 MPa, hourly space velocity of 0.1-10 h -> 1>and in the presence of a total amount of hydrogen mixed with the charge; separating gas and at least a hydrocarbon base from the effluent of hydrogen; hydroisomerizing at least a portion of the hydrocarbon base in the presence of a hydroisomerization catalyst; and separating gas and at least a diesel base and/or kerosene base from the effluent of hydrogen. Treating charges obtained from a renewable source comprises: (a) hydrotreating the charge in the presence of a fixed bed catalyst at a temperature of 200-450[deg] C, a pressure of 1-10 MPa, hourly space velocity of 0.1-10 h -> 1>and in the presence of a total amount of hydrogen mixed with the charge such as hydrogen/charge ratio is 70-1000 Nm 3>of hydrogen/m 3>of charge; (b) separating, from the effluent obtained from step (a) of hydrogen, gas and at least a hydrocarbon base; (c) hydroisomerizing at least a portion of the hydrocarbon base obtained from step (b) in the presence of a hydroisomerization catalyst in a fixed bed, where the: catalyst comprises at least one hydro-dehydrogenating metal comprising metals of group VIB and/or group VIII of the periodic table and a composite support consisting of a zeolite comprising zeolites Y, ZSM-48, ZBM-30, IZM-1 and/or COK-7 and silicon carbide; the hydroisomerization step is carried out at a temperature of 150-500[deg] C, at a pressure of 1-10 MPa, an hourly space velocity of 0.1-10 h -> 1>and in the presence of a total amount of hydrogen mixed with charge such as hydrogen/charge ratio is 70-1000 Nm 3>/m 3>of charge; and (d) separating, from the effluent obtained from step (c) of hydrogen, gas and at least a diesel base and/or kerosene base.


This paper deals with the systematic classification of Chinese fishes in Pleuronectiformes, Tetradontiformes, Pegasiformes and Lophiformes. There are 52 orders, 324 families, 1 424 genuses and 4 327 species in China in 1758—1997.


Of the more than 20 million surgical and non-surgical procedures performed world-wide in 2014, according to IPRAS these five countries take the top spots.


For some time past, there has been a growing feeling in the electrical field that the several electrical associations engaged in standardization work should cooperate in presenting a single set of electrical standards to the A. E. S. C. for approval as American Standards. The lack of generally accepted American standards has been a considerable handicap to this country in connection with international standardization, and has undoubtedly increased the difficulty of selling electrical products abroad.


Summary Eight Schick negative pregnant women were given repeated injections of fluid diphtheria toxoid during pregnancy to stimulate formation of reaginic antibodies as judged by IWR. Although this occurred in most cases, it was not mirrored in the cord bloods of the corresponding infants which were examined for reagins at term. In addition, the skin of all infants was unreactive in the presence of intradermal toxoid. On the other hand, IWR were elicited in these infants and their mothers when they served as recipients for passive transfer (P.K.) tests using reaginic antibodies derived from an alternate source.


Although soccer has become vastly popular on a global scale as evident in the constant setup of new leagues and teams worldwide, there are critical issues that primarily regard attendance rates at live soccer matches. This is due to low attendance rates, specifically in comparison to the capacity of stadiums. Therefore, it is important to investigate factors and attributes that can potentially resolve such issues. Thus, this study investigates stadium attributes as predicting factors of stadium loyalty in Saudi Arabia. Especially in Saudi Arabia where soccer is considered as the national sport, with huge financial inflow towards soccer infrastructure, there remain the issues of low attendance rate and utilization of soccer stadiums. Thus, by theorizing constructs and related hypotheses based on the extant literature and further accessing them through SEM, we were able to prove not only the hypothesized relations, but also drew out the important implications for both the theoretical and practical domains in Saudi Arabia and countries of the Gulf region.


This study aims to design an upright wave absorber made of several porous sheets. This absorber will be set up in a multidirectional wave tank. A good number of tests are pefjormed in a waveflume with regular wave under various conditions of period and steepness. A satisfactory efficiency is obtained through a 8-sheet absorber with a particular porosity distribution. The resulting amount of data will be used later in order to calibratea mathematicalmodel.


Shows how investors and first-time buyers can benefit from the foreclosure process. Contains a system for locating and acquiring potential properties as well as forms and checklists to guide the investor through every phase of the foreclosure process. Offers practical techniques and strategies that enable buyers to pay off the loan, save the homeowner's credit and get the property at a bargain price to either live in, lease or resell.


Aim To study the expression of P21 gene in vascu-lar smooth muscle cells(VSMC)induced by introduc-tion of wild-type P53 gene and explore the mechanism of regulation for cell cycle progression by wild-type P53 gene.Methods A P53 gene recombinant adenovirus vec-tor,AdCMVP53.was transfected into the cultured SMC derived from human umbilical artery.The gene expression of P21 was quantified by reverse transcrip-tion-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The con-tent of P21 was detected by immunochemical staining.Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis.Results The level of P21 mRNA and protein was increased in VSMC transfected with AdCMVP53.Overexpression of wild-type P53 could arrest the SMC at G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle.Conclusion Wild-type P53 gene could induce the expression of P21 gene,leading to repression of cell cycle progression.


Overview 1 The Australian Association of Gerontology (AAG) considers that the development of standardised processes and protocols to facilitate access to administrative datasets on aged care programs for research purposes is essential to advancing evidence-based policy and programs. 2 Standardised approaches are required to address the varied arrangements that currently apply to accessing datasets held by various government departments and agencies, and in particular to facilitate access to de-identified unit record data for researcher initiated projects. 3 It is recognised that the primary purpose of these data collections is the administration of government programs, but the value of using them for research must also be acknowledged as they are a significant source of evidence for evaluating services and informing policy and program development. 4 Systems developed to govern access to other government databases and which are used by a number of research centres provide a guide for enhancing access to aged care databases, but do not replace the need for systems and protocols specific to aged care datasets. 5 In standardising protocols, the experience of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) in developing measures to address quality and release of data, and the guidelines established by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) for enabling access to databases, should be taken into account. 6 It is emphasised that the owners of various datasets and those seeking access to them frequently have a shared interest in using the data, and that both can be frustrated by the lack of protocols that address the interests of all parties. 7 Standardisation provides a means of addressing six main problem areas that arise in relation to consistency in practice, data quality and documentation, timeliness, enabling access for exploratory investigation, costeffectiveness, and privacy and confidentiality. 8 Strategies for developing standardised approaches should include a review of recent requests to the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA) for access to data and responses to these requests, and a comparison of arrangements covering different datasets to establish and enhance best practice that can be applied in standardising access to aged care datasets. 9 Given its role in advancing research in ageing, DoHA should be given responsibility for implementing strategies for standardising access to administrative datasets.


The product specifications of pure cotton fine counts better twist dyeing weaving crape cloth are introduced in detail. And warp and weft selection, twist selection and the key techniques in weaving are described also. The selection of twist for weft is much important in design and production.


The subject of modern communication techniques and their effects is considered as the most important topics that concern generally the media, social and Islamic researches because it create huge changes at almost all levels And which their services expanded from just way of communication and information to real way of life marketing economic, social, educational, and scientific knowledge even a way of social and religious awareness. This latter has received considerable attention in the Muslim community because the basis of the Islamic faith is based on the spread, by all means available, to deliver religious discourse and activate the Islamic Dawa . Basing on that, many of the official and non-official agencies, including individuals adopted Islamic Dawa across social networks and Facebook in particular. This study came to reveal the advantages of the Islamic Dawa and religious awareness through Facebook and what's the most important things with Islamic content that can be published throw it, and in attempt to identify the degree of adoption of the youth in the process of religious educationas preachers or as recipients and their impact on them in order to achieve the goals of awareness and advocacy for the content of the publication. This study is an analytical study that revealed in the posterior analytical part the Facebook pages contents of religious advocacy, which proved by the characteristics of effective FaceBook as intermediary communicative interactive, combinatorial, trader and multi-applicable, On the other hand it revealed preach topics across Facebook pages where we concluded the remarkable diversification, both in the content of the threads, or formulated in the approved methods of persuasion . Through the results we set out to disclose the extent of its impact on young people through a field study of a young people sample to draw the desired results. This study emphasized that young people are relying on it and affected on them, each according to its variables: sex, educational Degree, usage patterns, file types and published contents..... Etc.


Main entrance on Cooper Square (becomes 3rd Avenue); cantilevered glass canopy from side; The Cooper Square Hotel is a 21-story high-rise luxury hotel located at 25 Cooper Square in lower Manhattan. The tower was designed by Carlos Zapata and has interiors by the Milanese designer Antonio Citterio. The hotel, which opened in December 2008, has 145 rooms. The main public spaces include a library with a bar and fireplace, an intimate screening room, and a destination restaurant. It has been sold and is now one of two Standard Hotels in New York. Source: Wikipedia; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page (accessed 7/11/2012)


The absorption spectrum of Sm(TTA)3(TPPO)2 (TTA:thenoyltrifluoroacetone, TPPO: triphenylphosphine oxide) doped PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) matrix at room temperature in the spectra range 400-1800 nm was measured. The energy levels are assigned and analyzed in terms of the free-ion Hamiltonian model. Energy levels and reduced matrix elements calculations are carried out using the complete 198 SLJ basis sets for the 4f 5 configuration. Judd-Ofelt parameters have been evaluated and used to predict the radiative properties of Sm(TTA)3(TPPO)2 doped PMMA. The evaluation of the radiative properties indicates that the 4 G5/2→ 6 H9/2 transition of Sm(TTA)3(TPPO)2 doped PMMA can be considered as an


Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of acupuncture of regulating and unblocking acupuncture therapy in the treatment of convalescent cerebral infarction.Methods:Total 63 patients were randomized into two groups:Observation group in which 32 cases were treated with acupuncture of regulating and unblocking acupuncture therapy and routine modalities,and control group in which 31 cases were treated with conventional acupuncture and routine modalities.After 4-week treatments,the nerve functions were evaluated.Results:After treatments,N1HSS and CSS were improved more significantly in observation group than that in control group(P0.01).Conclusion:Acupuncture of regulating and unblocking acupuncture therapy is obviously effective in the improvement of neurologic impairment of patients with convalescent cerebral infarction.


In December 1945, two Egyptian brothers were digging at the base of a hill near Nag Hammadi for nitrates to fertilize their fields. While digging near a boulder one of the brothers discovered a large sealed earthenware jar. The jar contained thirteen Gnostic codices written in Coptic which date back to the fourth century. However, scholars do not always agree about the date of the original writings. Elaine Pagels claims:


Giuseppe Verdi is amongst one of the greatest opera composers of the nineteenth century. Despite his life's tragic fates he was full of energy which transpired into his operas. His work stems from a strong Italian operatic tradition and culminated to became the peak of Itatian of the ninteenth century. His beginnings were still in an tradition we he left to create a new. He began to write through composed, large scale works with dramatic content to match. Thw works of Berlioz and Wagner had a large influence onVerdi but even as such he did not allow his music to be taken over stylisticly but rather held to his own.The greates treaures in Verdi's music are the beautiful melodic lines of witch he was a master the ever creative rhythmic motives. He uses speaks to the listner through its simple and clear nature. Verdi lifted Itatian opera to a new and higher level. He intentionally chose materials and subject matter that were close to his individual creative person and didn't entertain subjects which were not. Dispite his inovativness he strongly believed that to the leave the Italian operatic tradition was amongst one of the greatest dangers. His operas today belong amongst some of the most played of operas ever written.


Idiom is a kind of fixed phrase,whose structure is inseparable.If its composition were arbitrarily changed,the meaning would also be changed.But in the particular language environment,it can be used creatively in order to meet the needs of the style of writing and of the rhetoric.In this article,the Chinese and German idioms are taken as an example to campare the creative use of the Chinese and German idioms in order to explore their similarities and differences and their pragmatic characteristics.


Wireless reprogramming of sensor nodes is a re- quirement for long-lived networks due to changes in the func- tionality of the software running on the nodes. The amount of information that needs to be wirelessly transmitted during reprogramming should be minimized to reduce reprogramming time and energy. In this paper, we present a multi-hop incre- mental reprogramming protocol called Hermes that transfers over the network the delta between the old and new software and lets the sensor nodes rebuild the new software using the received delta and the old software. It reduces the delta by using techniques to mitigate the effects of function and global variable shifts caused by the software modifications. Then it compares the binary images at the byte level with a method to create small delta. For a wide range of software change scenarios that we experimented with, we find that Hermes transfers up to 201 times less information than Deluge, the standard reprogramming protocol for TinyOS and 64 times less than an existing incremental reprogramming protocol by Jeong and Culler. I. INTRODUCTION


Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites have been applied to the manufacture of missile shields and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) shells. It is of great significance to explore the ablation characteristics of different lasers for these composites. Currently, most existing studies on the ablation characteristics of lasers for Glass fiber reinforced plastic composites are conducted under a single laser output mode, such as continuous wave (CW) laser or pulsed laser. However, the ablation characteristics of combined lasers for Glass fiber reinforced plastic composites have not been clarified. Therefore, the ablation characteristics of single lasers (continuous wave, millisecond (ms) pulsed, or nanosecond (ns) pulsed laser) and combined laser (CW/ms or CW/ns combined pulsed lasers) were investigated by experimental and simulation methods in this study. Additionally, the ablation mechanisms of Glass fiber reinforced plastic under different laser irradiation conditions were compared and analyzed. The results demonstrated that the ablation rates of single lasers for Glass fiber reinforced plastic composites were all within an order of magnitude of 10 μg/J, which was not significantly correlated with the light source system. The ablation efficiency of the single laser was determined by the incident laser energy. The continuous wave laser was found to be the optimal light source for the ablation and destruction of Glass fiber reinforced plastic composites. Nevertheless, there were some obstacles in the ablation process of continuous wave lasers. Applying pulsed lasers during the irradiation of the continuous wave laser may generate a synergistic effect. Under the conditions in this study, the CW/ns pulsed combined laser increased the ablation efficiency by 53.8%.


Robustness to geometric distortions such as rotation, scaling, and translation (RST) is one important ability for image watermarking. The purpose of this work is to decide which one of the RST distortions happens and to detect the corresponding parameters. The centroids of the cover image is utilized to estimate distortion parameter candidates, and a watermark with structural information is used to decide the desired parameters based on correlation. The experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed approach.


The past decade has been marked by increasing diversity in the New Zealand population, principally as the result of a more open immigration policy that aims to build human capital by targeting skilled, qualified immigrants, whatever their countries of origin. To what extent is effective use being made of the abilities and understandings of new settlers to help meet New Zealand's economic and social development objectives? This paper draws on the results of two studies conducted as part of Massey University's New Settlers Programme. These studies examine the employment and deployment of immigrants from countries where English is not the main language in New Zealand companies and government organisations, and identify workplace policies and practices that appear to maximise or minimise the economic and social contributions of immigrant employees. The paper concludes with suggestions on a social policy framework that might better meet the needs of immigrants and increase their opportunities to achieve their productive potential.


Professor Carey (Medical Journal of Australia May 13 1972) is still trying to justify the use of hormones to regulate ovulation in Catholic women who wish to avoid pregnancy without the need for rigorous self-control. In this attempt he says: "If for example all cycles but 1 in a 2-year period were 30-36 days in length then 1 cycle that fell wide of this range would be considered abnormal for that individual." Professor Carey has not taken his reasoning in this matter to its logical conclusion. Surely if abnormality were defined statistically then all people over 6 ft. 1 in. tall (for instance) would be classified as "abnormal" as the majority of people are under this height. A condition is abnormal only if it causes trouble of itself. Thus menstruation is abnormal when it causes undue pain anemia etc. However an unusually long or short cycle does not of itself cause any such symptoms so it cannot be considered "abnormal." Consequently there is no justification for using hormones to regulate ovulation or control cycle length when menstruation is symptomless. Furthermore in the example cited by Professor Carey the woman would experience 20-24 cycles over a 2-year period and there would be no way of telling in advance which of these 20-24 cycles would be the one that was to be unusually long or short. Does Professor Carey therefore suggest that this woman should ingest his "tailor-made" formulation for 19-23 cycles of average length in order to ensure that her 1 errant cycle is effectively "brought to heel"? If so then it seems to me that he is using a sledgehammer to crack a nut or alternatively that he is meddling instead of practicing medicine.(FULL TEXT)


The low oxygen environment of high altitude decreases the efficiency and poses risks to the health of personnel manning telescopes at high altitudes. In a study at the Mauna Kea observatories (4200 m) in Hawaii, symptoms of acute mountain sickness were prevalent amongst telescope staff. Memory and psychomotor ability deteriorated on initial exposure to high altitude. Altitude-sickness symptoms abated and performance improved after several days on the mountain. Individual workers reacted to the stress of hypoxia in a reproducible manner on each ascent. Episodes of potentially fatal altitude sickness (pulmonary and cerebral edema) were unexpectedly rare. Provision for immediate descent and awareness of the hazards of hypoxia are the most effective precautions to ensure safe working at high-altitude-based observatories.


The accuracy of dwell time estimation is crucial for both tactical and operational practices of public transport. This paper aims to make a systematic review of the dwell time models that have evolved over the past 40 years. The scope of this study is limited to the dwell time models pertaining to the passenger rail. Studying the literature concerning train dwell time models, similarities and differences were analysed and discussed based on the modelling approaches and assumptions made in the development of the models. For instance, models were categorised based on modelling philosophy, time-period, key variables involved, data collection and validation methods. Through the comparison, common interests and future trends were then identified. It is found that there is no perfect model that fits all scenarios.
The best outcome relies on the effort of choosing the most appropriate model,
calibrating the parameters, making some ad-hoc adjustment and continual
improvements.


For the question of how to classification of cultural relic videos, this paper put forward the analysis method based on semantic and it's two-steps in classification of video: Firstly, based on algorithm that has been used, separating the cultural relic shots and extracting the key frames; Then extracting the features of the key frames. Next training classification of the key frames' features using SVM. The system composed by the two steps' algorithms implementing classification of cultural relic video. Experiments show this method can better classify based on the characteristics of cultural relic videos then other methods.


Cooperative is an association established by persons or legal entities of cooperatives that have limited economic ability, with the aim to improve the welfare of its members. Revenues and expenses are an important component of financial statements because different treatment of income and expenses will result in changes in the resulting financial statements. Financial Accounting Standards intended for cooperative entities are SAK ETAP. This study aims to determine the accounting treatment of income and expenses on Cooperative Employees Karya Sampurna PT. Bank Mandiri in accordance with SAK ETAP. The research method used in this thesis research is descriptive method whose purpose each data collected in the analysis and then drawn a conclusion and the type of research used is qualitative descriptive. The results obtained that the accounting treatment of income and expenses on Cooperative Employees Karya Sampurna PT. Bank Mandiri is in compliance with SAK ETAP.Keywords: Accounting treatment, income, expenses.


Objective: To detect preventative effect of β-carotene on hepatic fibrosis in Balb/c mice induced by repeatedly administered concanavalin A.Methods: Thirty Balb/c mice were divided into different three groups.Control group,10 mice,peritoneal injected weekly with PBS and intragastric administrated with0.9% NS.Noninterfered group,10 mice,hepatic fibrosis animal model was established by peritoneal injected weekly with ConA;Prevention group,10mice,were intragastric administrated with β-carotene,as injecting ConA.Mice in these three groups were killed at 9th week.The levels of AST,ALT in serum,and liver index were measured.Liver pathological changes were also observed. Results: Mice in Noninterfered group caught hepatic fibrosis;β-carotene prevention group and control group did not catch hepatic fibrosis. Conclusion: β-carotene can prevent hepatitis fibrosis.


Aiming at solving the problems of the actual values of parameters,the signal transmission of upper and lower machines or faults of each equipment appeared during the operation of hydraulic turbine group,the data signal acquisition technology,the A /D conversion technology and transceivers were applied to the technology of the signal conversion and transmission respectively. The condition monitoring principles and the node design of the condition monitoring of the networking hydraulic turbine group were investigated and the relationship between the site acquisition of the equipment data,the signal transmission and the systematic PC communications during the operation of the hydraulic turbine group were established. Accordingly,a method was presented to data acquisition,signal conversion and transmission. The site nodes constituted of each chip were evaluated on the systematic structure where the core was ATmega8515 single chip. The designed effect and performance were tested and analyzed. The results indicate that designed effect of the data acquisition,storage,conversion and transmission of the hydraulic turbine group have been achieved by using the designed nodes of condition monitoring of networking hydraulic turbine group,thus completing the real-time and remote monitoring of the sample data and status characteristics.


Abstract: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is defined as the standard algorithm for the encryption of transmitted data packets specially over cloud computing. Therefore, this review was conducted with the aim of studying its enhancing trials based on different methodologies. eleven published review articles were reviewed, these articles have compared encryption standards with respect to certain transmission parameters. The results have clearly concluded that the transmission of  data packets  over the Internet is considered as a major threat, especially when we talk about the evolution of computation power and quantum computers near epoch, therefore, new solutions have been developed to maintain  the issue of authentication and protect data by simultaneous encryption procedures. In addition, the comparative study concludes that enhancing AES algorithm is a promising field for data encryption. The study aims to provide academics with a better awareness of new encryption methods to enhance the performance of data encryption algorithms.


Single-crystalline CdSe nanostructures with adjustable aspect ratios:  starting from a cadmium chalcogenolate single-source precursor, we obtained high-quality CdSe nanostructures with aspect ratios in the range of 2−100. The application of subsequent wetting−crystallization−cooling cycles allowed a stepwise alteration of the aspect ratio of the single-crystalline products.


This volume is a compilation of research papers presented at the Sixteenth International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena held at the Palazzo dei Congressi Stresa, Italy, from June 9 to 13, 2008. The Ultrafast Phenomena conferences are held every two years and are the premier international forum for discussion of the latest results in ultrafast science. These meeting bring together researchers spanning numerous fields of science and engineering to deliberate the latest advances in ultrafast optics and their applications in science and engineering. The conferences and associated published proceedings effectively disseminate the latest scientific advances using ultrashort coherent pulses of light. More than 370 papers were presented at Ultrafast Phenomena XVI. Significant progress in creating every shorter pulses of light was reported, now extending below 100 attoseconds, with new developments in high harmonic generation and frequency comb metrology. Multidimensional spectroscopy is rapidly evolving to provide new insights into quantum coherence and interactions in complex systems. Dramatic advances in time-resolved electron and x-ray diffraction and spectroscopy provide detailed information on atomic and electronic structural dynamic in molecular systems and crystalline solids. These examples are but a small subset of the research summaries gathered in this volume, which provides a valuable synopsis of the recent advances and impact of ultrafast technology in illuminating fundamental processes in physics, chemistry, and biology. There were 434 attendees at the meeting, more than a third of which were graduate and postdoctoral students. Increased student attendance energized the proceedings, and discussions were further enhanced by the beautiful lakeside setting and natural alpine surroundings in Stresa. Many people and organizations made invaluable contributions to the success of the conference. The international program committee reviewed over 550 submissions and organized the scientific program. The local organizing committee arranged many of the logistics for the meeting including the stimulating venue at Stresa, on the shore of Lake Maggiore. Staff of the European Physical Society deserve thanks for making the conference arrangements and running a smooth and efficient meeting. We thank the Optical Society of America, European Science Foundation, European Cooperation in Scientific and Technical Research (COST P14), Politecnico di Milano, LASERLABEurope (a consortium of 17 European Laser Infrastructures), and European Extreme Light Infrastructure for their support. Generous support for Ph.D. student participation was provided by: European DYNA ESF Network, Coherent Corp., Newport Corp., Kapteyn-Murnane Labs, and Quantronix Corp. We are particularly grateful to André Wobst for coordinating the conference submissions and evaluations, and for his help in bringing this volume together.


Silent Running, a tense terrifying thrill ride twists and turns with dizzying speed, a likable, tough, human hero, make this a cracking-good new series, action fans need Marvik on their radar


This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Author AUR and Kiran Khan conceived of the presented idea. Author JDM developed the theory. Author Kiran Khan and MAB collected the data and performed the computations. K and Kashmala Khan verified the analytical methods. Author AUR encouraged and supervised the findings of this work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Efforts are being made all over the world to raise awareness in order to prevent the disease from spreading. The purpose of this study was to assess undergraduate healthcare students' attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge of COVID-19 disease. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in which a questionnaire with 12 questions was transformed online on Google forms and distributed online to healthcare students. Data was collected between May and June of 2021. The convenience sampling technique was used, resulting in a sample size of 926 people. A total of 926 individual questionnaires were evaluated. The findings revealed that the majority of participants learned about COVID-19 through social media and electronic media, which was the most common source of information. The majority of participants stated that older and middle-aged people are more likely to be affected. The protective measure against symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID 19 is N95 and surgical masks, as well as sanitization. Half of the participants believe that COVID 19 is a bioweapon, and that it affects all religious groups equally. In general, undergraduate healthcare students had a fair understanding of the disease and a favorable attitude toward preventive measures. The government and the public are taking effective measures to combat disease spread; however, there is still a need for additional awareness campaigns and knowledge of safe interventions to combat disease spread.


This paper presents three different approaches for calculating the levered annual values for a finite cash flow profile. In the first approach, we use KU, the return to unlevered equity to calculate the annual tax savings and use KU to calculate the (present) value of the tax savings. In the second approach, we use KD, the cost of debt to calculate the annual tax savings and use KU to calculate the (present) value of the tax savings. In the third approach, we use KD, the cost of debt to calculate the annual tax savings and the (present) value of the tax savings.


To address the problem of sparse relationships between entities in the current knowledge graph and the increase in complexity and computational effort in knowledge inference, this paper proposes a knowledge inference method based on a multi-headed attention mechanism - the MAtt-BiGRU model. For a given triad, the path information is encoded by a two-way gated recurrent neural network, and the confidence of the model is calculated by aggregating it with the candidate paths with the help of the multi-headed attention mechanism, while the inference ability of the model is enhanced by dynamic negative sample training. Numerical experiments are conducted on the MAtt-BiGRU model using large knowledge graph datasets NELL-995 and FB15k-237. The experimental results show that the proposed MAtt-BiGRU model has better results in Mean Average Precision (MAP) and Mean Reciprocal Rank(MRR) performance evaluation metrics when compared with existing commonly used path ranking algorithms such as Path Ranking Algorithm(PRA) and Path-RNN, and the proposed model can more accurately reason about the relations between entities.


A study was carried out to examine the perceptions and preferences of students on choosing the type of transportation for their travels in university campus. This study focused on providing personal transport users road transport alternatives as a countermeasure aimed at shifting car users to other modes of transportation. Overall 456 questionnaires were conducted to develop a choice of transportation mode preferences. Consequently, Logit model and SPSS were used to identify the factors that affect the determination of the choice of transportation mode. Results indicated that by reducing travel time by 70% the amount of private cars users will be reduced by 84%, while reduction the travel cost was found to be highly improving the public modes of utilization. This study revealed positive aspects is needed to shift travellers from private modes to public. The positive aspect contributes to travel time and travel cost reduction, hence improving the services, whereby contributing to sustainability.


for recurrence and allocation of visits during 10 years of follow-up A. Witteveen1,2, J.W. Ruiter1, R. Bretveld3, C.G.M. Groothuis-Oudshoorn1, I.M.H. Vliegen4, M.J. IJzerman1, S. Siesling1,3 1 Dept. of Health Technology and Services Research (HTSR), MIRA institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands 2 Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 3 Dept. Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands 4 Dept. of Industrial Engineering and Business Information Systems (IEBIS), Centre for Healthcare Operations Improvement & Research, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands


Do saliva tests for HIV really work? This blinded study from the National Naval Medical Center tested a commercially available device (OraSure) that collects a high concentration of oral mucosal transudate.

An absorbent pad was placed between the lower …


Arsenic (As) removal using ferric hydroxide coagulation followed by direct microfiltration without flocculation was investigated for an application in Albuquerque, N.M. Typically, the influent drinking water (unchlorinated) was contacted with ferric hydroxide for ≤20 s in a rapid mixer and passed through a membrane microfiltration unit with a nominal pore size of 0.2 μm. Variables investigated included pH, iron (Fe) dose, mixing time and energy, filtrate flux, and backwash interval. The pH and ferric dose were found to be the most important variables controlling As removal. As removal to low levels (<2 μg/L) was achieved using either a dose of 7 mg/L Fe without deliberate pH reduction or a smaller dose of 1.9 mg/L Fe after sulfuric acid addition to reduce pH to 6.4. Extended operation (three to five days) showed that consistent As removal was obtained without any membrane fouling. Both the backwash water and the dried sludge passed the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test as a nonhazardous waste.