We report extracellular mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by Fusarium acuminatum Ell. and Ev. (USM-3793) isolated from infected ginger (Zingiber officinale). An aqueous silver nitrate solution was reduced to metallic silver when exposed to F. acumi- natum cell extract leading to the appearance of a brown color within 15-20 minutes. The color is due to the formation of silver nanoparti- cles and the excitation of surface plasmons. The optical spectrum showed the plasmon resonance at 420 nm and analysis by transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles produced were spherical with a broad size distribu- tion in the range of 5-40 nm with average diameter of 13 nm. The reduction of the silver ions occurs probably by a nitrate-dependent re- ductase enzyme, which we found to be present in the extra-cellular medium. We tested the silver particles for their broad-band antibacte- rial activity on different human pathogens. We observed efficient antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant and highly pathogenic bacteria, including multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the fungus F. acuminatum may therefore serve as a simple, cheap, eco-friendly, reliable and safe method to produce an antimicrobial material.


Low-loss optical nanoantennas composed of high index dielectrics have attracted much attention as an alternative to plasmonic antennas that often suffer from losses of noble metals. Among several high-index dielectrics, Si has some advantages such as earth abundance, CMOS- compatibility and most importantly, the small imaginary part of the permittivity in the optical regime. However, the previously developed fabrication methods have problems in the control of the size, shape and crystallinity and in the scalability for mass production.


Glaciological measurements from Austfonna on Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, are needed as a prerequisite to mathematical modelling of ice-mass dynamics. Several upper and lower boundary conditions are set out in detail for a 670 km2 drainage basin (Basin 5) and are generalized to the whole ice cap where possible. The ice surface and bed topography are mapped for Basin 5. 30% of the basin lies below sea-level. Bed elevations range from -100 m to over 300 m, and maximum ice thickness is >500 m. A 21 km long trilateral network of stakes provides velocity and strain-rate data. Maximum ice-surface velocity is 47 m a−1 and maximum strain-rate is 0.64 × 10−2 a−1. Snow-line migration with time is mapped from digital Landsat MSS data, and mass-balance estimates are used to calculate balance velocities. At the equilibrium line, about 300–350 m in elevation, balance velocity and observed ice-surface velocity are comparable, indicating that the basin is approximately in balance. A first approximation is given for the rate of iceberg calving from the tide-water basin margins. Enhanced Landsat imagery also shows that turbid melt-water plumes of subglacial origin flow from the terminal ice cliffs, indicating that at least parts of the ice-cap margin are at the melting point. The margins of Basin 5, grounded below present sea-level, are likely to be underlain by deformable sediments, but inland the nature of the substrate is unknown.


The process parameters of 3D printing have a great influence on the printing accuracy, and the printing process parameters of different models are quite different. The specific quantitative relationship between the process parameters and printing accuracy of different models has not been built, and no prediction model for printing accuracy has been established. Therefore, on the basis of using the orthogonal test method to carry out the 3D printing experiment of the semi-cylindrical model, the paper studies the quantitative relationship between four process parameters and the two dimensions of cross-sectional profile and printing height, such as layer thickness, printing speed, nozzle temperature and hot bed temperature. This paper also establishes a multiple regression linear prediction model. At the same time, the paper carries out the linear regression analysis, and obtains the reliability, linearity of the multiple regression equation and the priority of the influence of the process parameters. The study finds that the printing accuracy on the contour and height of the 3D printed part is jointly controlled by multiple process parameter levels; the reliability and linearity of the model's multiple regression equation on the height are better than the model's multiple regression on the contour; the influence of layer thickness on model printing accuracy is the most significant. The research can provide some reference for the effective control and prediction of printing accuracy.


Most men experience significant difficulty coping with divorce yet, because they do not easily or directly ask for help, they often remain an under-served population among people in distress. Hiding behind a facade of well-being and self-reliance, they often express their pain and inability to cope through alcohol abuse, overwork, or criminal acts. Some experience physical symptoms, become depressed, and, in extreme cases of psychological trauma, commit suicide or homicide. Focussing specifically on men and their reactions to divorce in a wide array of circumstances, Dr. Michael Myers offers new insights and clinical strategies for professionals who treat men in the throes of marital dissolution.


Laser ablation of bone tissue has a broad application prospect in medicine field.The bovine shank bone tissue was ablated with pulsed CO2 laser in vitro,electronic drill was used as a control group.Then the morphology of bone tissue was examined by using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The crater depth was measured with optical coherence tomography(OCT).The results showed that the crater after pulsed CO2 laser ablation can obtain the same outcome in geometrical form and morphology as electronic drill.Furthermore,the water spray of 31 mL/min in the process of laser ablation can reduce thermal damage and improve ablation efficiency.


The existence of multiple interpretations of quantum mechanics appears to pose a serious challenge for knowledge claims about the quantum domain. Hoefer (2020) argues that a scientific realist epistemology must be abandoned in this context, while Callender (2020) argues that the realist's only option is to break the underdetermination between rival interpretations by appealing to extra-empirical virtues. We develop a different response to the quantum underdetermination problem based on identifying statements about the unobservable which all the major ontic interpretations of quantum mechanics agree on. It is commonly believed that Everettian, Bohmian and GRW quantum mechanics share nothing but empirical content. We argue that, while they say very different things about the fundamental nature of quantum systems, they can be understood as agreeing on a plethora of more abstract theoretical claims. In our view, focusing on this descriptive overlap represents the most promising strategy for defending knowledge claims in the quantum domain. We close by considering how this overlap strategy relates to working posits formulations of scientific realism.


Major source of energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)is transmission of image from source to sink and image processing at the nodes. The captured image at the source could be noisy, incomplete and redundant. Fused image free of redundancy, brings out complementary features and aids in further analysis. This paper is on fusion of images from a set of neighbor nodes which we call as source group. Fusion algorithms take certain time for fusing the images and it differs from algorithm to algorithm. Fusion time adds to latency and influences the energy consumption at the nodes in WSN. We have evaluated image fusion in MATLAB using averaging, select maximum, PCA, DCT, DWT, SWT in terms fusion evaluation metrics, energy, computational time aspects for WSN. From these results we conclude that smart trade-off between fused image quality, latency and energy consumption depending on the application can prolong the WSN lifetime


Nowadays almost all the banks are developing their outreach services,and communication systems for outreach services become more diverse.Due to the complex arrangement and the different levels in security design of information systems,how to ensure the security of interactive data,business data,capital of banks becomes fairly prominent,including non-repudiation and transaction consistency of both parties.Based on the analysis of network risks,this paper gives solutions for the existing risks in application security and data security.In addition,the experiment indicates that these solutions are effective and practically significant to the security of sensitive information of financial institutions.


Rotary kiln incinerator is an alternative and promising disposal of solid wastes due to its high flexibility to wastes with various shapes and sizes, and high destruction and removal efficiency of hazardous organic compounds. The structural characteristics in the design such as kiln seal, parallel or counter-flow patterns, heating mode and steel structure selection are discussed detailedly on basis of the review on the previous cases. The designed criteria with respect to 3 T combustion(Time, Turbulence and Temperature)is proposed, starting from the analyses on mechanism of solids motion in the rotary cylinder and kinetics of solid waste combustion. Special attention was devoted to the dynamics of two-step combustion of solid wastes. It is concluded that the primary air distribution in kiln determined various thermal-chemical treatments of wastes, incineration or pyrolysis. Figs 5, tables 4 and refs 10.


Field experiment was conducted during November 2009 to March 2010, to investigate growth and yield attributes of advanced tomato mutants (TM-110 and TM-219) along with three cultivars (BARI tomato-3, BARI tomato-14 and BINA tomato-5) following randomized complete block design with three replications. There were significant genotypic differences in respect of morpho-physiological characters (plant height, branch and leaf area, total dry mass, absolute growth rate and relative growth rate), biochemical parameter (nitrate reductase), reproductive characters (number of effective and non-effective flower cluster, number of flowers and reproductive efficiency), phenological characters (days to flowering start, days to first harvest and harvesting duration), yield attributes and fruit yield. In general high yielding genotypes showed superior performance in plant height, branch number, leaf area, total dry mass production, absolute growth rate, nitrate reductase activity and fruit size compared to low yielding ones. Relative growth rate,chlorophyll, photosynthesis, reproductive characters and fruit number had no relationship with fruit yield in tomato. The variety BARI tomato-14 showed the highest fruit yield (77.7 t ha-1) due to its superiority in respect of morpho-physiological, biochemical and larger fruit sizes. In contrast, the mutant TM-110 and the variety BINA tomato-5 produced the lower fruit yield (average 51.2 t ha -1) due to poor performance in growth characters and smaller size of fruits. However, TM-110 matured 4-15 days earlier than the other mutant/varieties. Further, harvesting duration was higher in high yielding genotypes than low yielding ones. The highest harvesting duration was recorded in BARI tomato-14 (28 days) followed by BARI tomato-3 (26 days). This information may be implicated in future plant breeding programme.


X-ray scattering correction method has been the primary means of enhancing radiographic images for quite some time. X-ray scattering is major deterioration factor that decreases image contrast and increases the image granularity in a radiographic image. However, this can be eliminated by using scatter reduction techniques like air gaps and anti-scatter grids, but the two techniques are cumbersome, and increases patient's radiation dosages. Moreover, it can also cause artifacts whenever anti-scatter grids are used. Recently, commercial software packages have been developed from various x-ray equipment manufacturers that have eliminated the need for anti-scatter grid usage. These recent advancements also allow lower patient dosages. Objective of this review is to summarize and review x-ray scattering and image processing algorithms used for enhancing the performance of the digital image in general radiography. Articles on digital image processing and commercial software for x-ray scatter correcting were thoroughly reviewed to complete this summary. These articles indicate that scatter correcting methods are based on principles of physics which involve of mathematical models of radiographic formation and x-ray scattering estimation methods. One simple model has the total energy absorbed at an image detector forming a primary x-ray plus a scattered x-ray whereby the point spread function of the scattered x-ray is used. Almost all estimations of x-ray scatter are computer simulations. The digital image post-pro cessing algorithms are important factors in the x-ray


Through interview with top managers of EU direct investment companies in China, the core success factors for EU transnational corporation investment in China have been analyzed including: advanced technology, good preparation for market entry, selective location, competent and loyal workforce, RD, sales network, etc.


Cognitive deficits resulting from mild hypoxia are difficult to quantify and reproduce consistently. The changes in executive function during acute hypoxia are still controversial. The purpose of present study was to assess changes in executive function during acute moderate hypoxia using a continuous performance test (Connors' Continuous Performance test, CCPT‐II).


Four new muitipurpose phagemid vectors, pBluescriptll SK+, pBluescriptll SK-, pBluescriptll KS+ and pBkjescriptil KS-, varying in the orientation of their polylinker (KS versus SK) and fl origin (+ versus -) have been generated. These vectors were designed to facilitate rapid mapping of DNA inserts. The mapping technique, based on a strategy described by Wahl at at (ref. 1), requires the presence of unique restriction sites flanking both the DNA insert arnd two DNA hybridization target sequences. In order to utilize this approach, BssH!l sites were insedted outside the T3 and T7 promoters of the pBluescript phagemids (ref.2) (see Figure a). In order to obtain the map of a DNA insert, complete digestion of the clone with BssHlI is followed by partial digestion with the mapping enzyme of choice. The digests are analy7od by Southern blot technique hybridizing with T3 or T7 oligonucleotide probes to determine the location of each restriction enzyme site relative to the BssHII site (ref.3)(see Figure b for a graphic representation of this method). Additional features of the pBluescript 11 vectors are common to the original pBluescript phagemids (ref.2) and include: (1) Single strand DNA rescue of either strand (using the two orientations of the fI origin) wih the aid of filamentous helper phage. (2) 21 unique restriction enzyme sites in the polylinker in either orientation relative to the f-gal promoter. (3) The arrangement of restriction sites within the polylinker allowing unidirectional deletions by the exonuclease III/mung bean nuclease technique (ref.4,5). (4) Biue/white colour selection of recombinant clones and production of ,8-gal fusion proteins by IPTG induicible


M. G., a woman, age 42, came to the out-patient department of the Ancoats Hospital in October, 1921, complaining of a lump in the right arm, which she had noticed growing gradually for four years, and more rapidly during the last month. When first noticed she stated it was the size of a hazel-nut. Symptoms.-Patient's only complaint was that occasionally she had attacks of shooting pain from the site of the tumour down into the middle finger. She suffered no disability whatever, and had noticed no impairment either of muscular power or of sensation in the limb. Examination.-This revealed a well-defined, painless, fusiform swelling on the antero-internal aspect of the upper arm slightly above the internal condyle of the humerus. The tumour was the size of a pigeon's egg, freely movable laterally, but not in the long


This thesis is a survey of the derivation and implementation of the Riemann-Siegel formula for computing values of Riemann's zeta function on the line s = 1/2 + it. The formula, devised by Riemann and later published by Siegel following study of Riemann's unpublished work, is the method of choice for both numerically verifying the Riemann Hypothesis and locating zeros on the critical line at large values of t. Simply stated, the Riemann Hypothesis is that all of the zeros of £(s) in the strip 0 < 3?(s) < 1 lie on the line 5ft(s) = 1/2. Since Riemann made his conjecture in 1859, much work has been done towards developing efficient numerical techniques for verifying the hypothesis and possibly finding counter-examples. This thesis is meant to serve as a guide book for using Riemann-Siegel. It is mostly a distillation of work done in the field since Siegel's results published in the early 1930's. Computer programs and examples are included, and error bounds are discussed. The question of how and why Riemann-Siegel is used to verify the Riemann Hypothesis is examined, and a detailed Riemann Hypothesis verification example is illustrated. Finally, recent work in the field is noted. The derivation of the Riemann-Siegel formula for computing C(l /2 + it) is based on the saddle point method of evaluating integrals, and yields results of considerable accuracy in time t/. The saddle point method is an approximation technique which concentrates the "bulk" of an integral on a path through a point at which the modulus of the integrand is a maximum.


To respond to emergencies in a timely manner, emergency engineering equipment has been an important tool to implement emergency strategies. However, random failures of the equipment may occur during operation. Therefore, appropriate maintenance and spare parts inventory strategies are crucial to ensure the smooth operation of the equipment. Furthermore, the urgency degree of emergencies varies in practice. Nevertheless, existing studies rarely consider the impact of urgency degree and demand priorities on the service order of the equipment. To bridge the research gaps, this paper establishes a joint optimization model of maintenance and spare parts inventory strategies for emergency engineering equipment considering demand priorities. The proposed model includes two types of emergency engineering equipment with different service rates. The more urgent demand can be fulfilled by the equipment with a higher priority. Corrective maintenance and spare parts inventory policies are simultaneously performed for the equipment. The Markov process imbedding method is utilized to derive the probabilistic indexes of the system. To maximize the system availability, the number of maintenance engineers and the spare parts inventory strategy is optimized via the construction of the joint optimization model. The optimal solution for the optimization problem is obtained using the branch-and-bound method. Finally, this study presents practical examples to verify the effectiveness of the model and methods.


Photonic band gap structures and their applications have gained a great deal of interest in recent years, with the primary focus on designing structures that have specific optical characteristics. However, little attention has been given to solving the inverse problem of determining the optimum photonic lattice given a desired output. In this paper, we address this need using optimization techniques to design two-dimensional photonic crystals to arbitrarily guide light in two dimensions. By switching the rods of this lattice on and off (rod or no rod), the optimization algorithm arrives at a solution (distribution of the rod in this lattice) that minimizes the cost function. The performance of the optimization is driven by the proper selection of both the cost function and optimization algorithm.


In some embodiments, run having a plurality of stages, and a multi-cycle instructions (MCI) control device adapted to express a stop signal for stopping the multi-cycle instruction within one of the stages of the execution pipeline a pipeline processor including a pipeline is described. MCI control device while the multi-cycle instruction is stopped, is adapted to deliver a plurality of instructions to a subsequent stage in the pipeline.


Objective To observe and compare the efficacy of ACEI plus diuretics or ACEI plus CCB in the patients with lupus nephritis complicated with hypertension. Methods 78 cases of the patients with lupus nephritis complicated with hypertension were divided into 2 groups,39 cases in each group: the 1st group treated with ACEI plus diuretics,the 2nd group treated with ACEI plus CCB.The change of BUN and SCr pre-and post treatment were recorded,and statistically analyzed. Results There was no statistical significance between 2 groups in the clinical relative factors before the treatment(P0.05).8 weeks after treatment,the blood pressure of both groups decreased significantly,there was statistical significance(P0.05).There was no statistical significance between 2 groups in antihypertensive efficacy(P0.05).BUN and Scr between two groups were distinctly decreased,there was statistical significance(P0.05).There was no statistical significance between 2 groups in the change of BUN and Scr(P0.05). Conclusions Both ACEI plus diuretics and ACEI plus CCB have a good effect on lupus nephritis complicated with hypertension.


We consider a general relation between fixed point stability of suitably perturbed transfer operators and convergence to equilibrium (a notion which is strictly related to decay of correlations). We apply this relation to deterministic perturbations of a class of (piecewise) partially hyperbolic skew products whose behavior on the preserved fibration is dominated by the expansion of the base map. In particular we apply the results to power law mixing toral extensions. It turns out that in this case, the dependence of the physical measure on small deterministic perturbations, in a suitable anisotropic metric is at least Holder continuous, with an exponent which is explicitly estimated depending on the arithmetical properties of the system. We show explicit examples of toral extensions having actually Holder stability and non differentiable dependence of the physical measure on perturbations.


A novel method for achieving linear phase shift is proposed over the frequency range of 2 - 6 GHz. Dielectric characterization of FR4 substrate interfaced with air as well as water produces the phase shift. The substrate property is modified by introducing a plain rectangular packet and W-shaped packet within the FR4 substrate. The overall dimension of the proposed structure is 30 × 60 mm2. Across the entire proposed frequency range, the reflection coefficient is less than −10 dB. The proposed coplanar waveguide with water- and air-stacked FR4 substrate is simulated, fabricated, and measured for its linear phase shifting characteristics analyzed in ISM 2.45, 3.3, and 5.8 GHz bands. The analysis over the entire band depicts that the differential shift in phase is directly proportional to the effective dielectric constant of the material used. The design will be more useful in automotive anti-collision radars in military, cellular base stations, and satellite communications.


Molecular characterization of PCa and BPH using the angiogenic tissue markers CD31 and CD45 to differentiate between the two major types of prostate gland disorders is investigated. 8 clinically characterized biopsies were analyzed at the Histopathology Laboratory of the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital; the tissue sections were processed for antigen retrieval and were labeled with anti-CD45 and anti-CD31 to map the location of angiogenic cells and vascularization in BPH and PCa. The results showed that PCa biopsies expressed embryonic stem cell status of CD31+/CD45+, while BPH showed CD31-/CD45+. This suggests the presence of migrating blood cells (vascularization) in PCa and the absence of such in BPH. It also confirms the role of platelets in endothelial activation that can result to cell proliferation and apoptosis in the prostate gland of either BPH or PCa diagnosed patients.

 Key words: CD31, CD45, Prostate, Endothelioma, Vascularization, Angiogenesis


Background. Quality Of Work Life (QWL) is a process in which employees and stakeholders work to improve the quality of life of employees and organizational performance simultaneously. Nurses are one of the service personnel who have greater and longer interactions with patients. QWL is a degree of fulfillment of human needs in the work environment. If human needs have reached, it can increase productivity. This gives an understanding that QWL is the main problem that gives attention to the organization because it allows to increase the participation of members in the organization. Aim. To determine the QWL level of nurses and predictable factors affecting QWL nurses in hospitals. Method . The study uses a cross-sectional approach. The population came from type B hospitals in Makassar, Indonesia with a sample that was meaningful for more than 1 year and respondents obtained 287 nurses. Data were collected by questionnaire and test which was a linear regression with a significance value of 0.001. Results. The results of QWL nurses are at the moderate level and also in each of the QWL dimensions. The best predictors of QWL nurses working in type B hospitals were marital status (b = -0.199) which was able to have an impact on QNWL of 55%. Conclusion . Dimensions and overall QWL nurses are at a moderate level. QWL is important to identify capacity in meeting the needs of both the community and the workplace.


Objective To observe the radiosensitivity effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA on human cervical cancer SiHa cells.Methods MTT assay was used to measure the proliferation inhibition of SAHA on SiHa cells from October 2009 to June 2010 in Medical College of Hebei United University.The radiosensitivity effects of SAHA on SiHa cells with the concentration of 20% of IC50 were evaluated by the clonogenic assay.The software Sigma Plot 2000 Demo and the multi-target click model S=1-(1-eD0/D)n was used to fit cell survival curve,determining radiation-related parameters and sensitive enhancement ratio(SER) to evaluate of sensitizing effect.Results MTT results showed that toxicity of SAHA on SiHa cell was in a dose and time dependent manner.The IC50 of the proliferation inhibition of SAHA on SiHa cells was 4.80μmol/L.Cloning experimental results showed that cell survival rate was lower after treatment with the combination of SAHA(20% of IC50) and radiation than the cell survival rate with radiation alone.Both's the average lethal dose(D0) was 2.329 and 1.213 respectively,quasi-threshold dose(Dq) was 1.721 and 0.823 respectively.The sensitivity enhancement ratio(SER) was 1.92.Conclusion SAHA has a good cytotoxicity and radiosensitization on SiHa cell.


Ritual practices have long been a part of numerous cultures' history as mind-body actions performed for healing. Modern day rituals can be observed in baptisms, weddings, or funerals. Rituals have also been adapted into various psychotherapy approaches as effective, time-limited transformative additions through Van Gennep's transition phases among varying populations. Ritual and dance/movement therapy are established as effective healing processes through similar concepts including sociality, dance, non-verbal communication and being body-based approaches. This literature review revealed the inner workings of ritual performance and dance/movement therapy through neuroscience. This literature review intends to present relevant research on the unique molding qualities of rituals in psychotherapy, neuroscience that further establishes the work of dance/movement therapy and ritual practices, and the effective and inclusiveness of utilizing rituals within dance/movement therapy.


This article describes the importance of learning culture and language simultaneously and explains the role of Nonverbal communication and cultural interpretation. The author tries to give detailed information about the types of Nonverbal communication.


Global economic is booming day by day since the industrial revolution. With population growth and technological progress, human make endless demands for natural environmental. Greenhouse gas is mass production, so that the impact of human activities for the natural environmental, which not only earth''s surface but also the atmosphere. With atmospheric flow, Greenhouse gas spread to the whole world result in global warming and global environmental change. In a decade, industrial energy efficiency has promoted which caused decreasing of carbon dioxide in many industries. However, this progression is countervailed by the global industrial growth. Taiwan's industrial structure produces the most yields of carbon dioxide. For civil construction industry, the most commonly used material is concrete which used by building construction, bridge and pavement. This research focuses on the concrete product using in construction and road works, for the commonly used type in the construction works nowadays, which including cement concrete and asphalt concrete. According to Product-Category Rules (PCR) set of calculation from "Cradle to gate" to product yield evaluated carbon emissions. The result indicated that carbon emissions calculation of every stage to produce concrete product, the material ration of mix design is the main factor. For cement concrete product, the proportion of cement materials and the proportion of replacement materials are the main impact factors of carbon emissions. For asphalt concrete product, recycled asphalt concrete produce less than general asphalt 4.533 kg CO2-e per ton.


The invention relates to a process for producing menaquinone-7, characterized in that cells of an E. coli strain containing the hepS gene from B. subtilis DSM 1088, the hepT gene from B. subtilis DSM 1088 and the putative Heptaprenltransferase- gene from B. subtilis DSM be fermented in a fermentation medium 1088, thereby menaquinone-7 is accumulated in the cells of the fermented E. coli strain.


We examine the formation of multilateral, hub-and-spoke and bilateral international RD however, the size of the stable coalition increases as the economy expands.


The luminescent CdS and ZnS nanocystals embedded in different polymer matrices like polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly‐vinyl pyridine (PVP) polymer matrices have been prepared by simple wet chemical precipitation method. The thin films of nanocomposites are deposited on glass substrate by spin‐coating. The optical absorption spectra show a clear blue shift in absorption edge, such that the band gap calculated from the absorption spectra are higher than those calculated for the bulk. Photoluminescence spectra show defect related emission at different wavelength in visible range.


As a result of a comparative study of the activity of endogeneous oxidases in the livers and spleens of mice of the BA LB line following irradiation with doses of 400, 575, 625, and 800 R, it was established that the effect of ..gamma.. radiation on the activity of oxidases in the mouse liver depends on the radiation dose, and in the spleen on the radiation dose and initial level of oxidases before irradiation. A mathematical model of the radiobiological effect was obtained, permitting prediction of the protective level of oxidases in the spleens of mice of a given line and age under the action of radiation. The possibility of rapid prediction of the effectiveness of radioprotection by the tetrazolium method of determining the activity of oxidases in the mouse spleen was tested on a series of known radioprotectors.


Our article presents an experimental assessment of a tax-evasion prevention mechanism proposed by Greenberg (1984).
Greenberg argued that tax evasion cannot totally be eliminated in a population. On the basis of this observation, he
developed a mechanism in which the audit probability is determined by agentsa earlier fraud behavior. We observe that the
distribution of subjects differs from the modelas prediction. The discrepancy is due to the existence of an increasing
relationship between the decision to commit fraud and income a relationship that the model does not take into account.
Our results suggest that Greenbergas mechanism is based on an over-restrictive hypothesis.


The figures 2-5 show water line profiles from observations with the Herschel Space Observatory (all observational parameters can be found in the Table 2 of the paper). The reduced data for all the observed lines are given in the individual ASCII files, labelled as follows: sss_nnnn.dat, where "sss" represents the observed source name and is "i05" for IRAS05358+3543, "i16" for IRAS16272-4837, "DR" for DR21(OH), and "N63" for NGC6334I(N), respectively; "nnnn" is the frequency (in GHz) of the observed line transition (e.g. "1113" for "1113 GHz").


Hsp70 chaperones play a central role in maintaining protein homeostasis by actively participating in a wide variety of processes including folding, anti-and dis-aggregation and degradation. Human Hsp70s comprise a family of thirteen members and act with the aid of even larger families of co-chaperones. A delicate interplay between Hsp70s and co-chaperone recruitment is thought to determine substrate fate. Yet, it has been generally assumed that all paralogs of Hsp70 have similar activity and are largely functionally interchangeable. However, we found that when expressed in cells, two highly homologous Hsp70s, HSPA1A and HSPA1L, are not functionally similar and can even have opposing effects on cellular handling of various substrates. Intriguingly, neither variations in substrate binding nor in substrate delivery by DNAJ co-chaperones play a role in this remarkable difference between these Hsp70s. Instead, the different functionality and hence substrate fate is determined by the preferential interaction of HSPA1A (and not HSPA1L), via its nucleotide binding domain, with HSPH2, an Hsp110 Nucleotide Exchange Factor, that regulates ADP/ATP exchange of Hsp70 and substrate release.


This paper presents an iterative learning control strategy for a class of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinearly parameterized systems with unknown time-varying state delays and actuator faults. To deal with the non-linearity caused by the unknown time-varying state delays and actuator faults in the MIMO nonlinear system, the P-type iterative learning controller with a fully-saturated parameter updating law is proposed. By constructing a composite energy function(CEF), the convergence analysis of the tracking error is given. Finally, a numerical simulation is used to verify the effectiveness and correctness of the control scheme proposed in this paper.


PURPOSE
Timing of surgery in children with congenital ptosis is a critical component of care, and anisometropia is frequently cited as an indication for early intervention. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in refractive error following surgery for congenital ptosis to better inform decisions regarding the timing of surgery.

METHODS
A retrospective review of clinical records was performed on patients who underwent surgical correction of congenital ptosis in an academic oculoplastic surgery practice from 2002 to 2017. Patients with complete preoperative and postoperative refractive data were included in the study. Changes in refractive error following surgery were analyzed.

RESULTS
Among 184 pediatric patients who underwent ptosis surgery during the study period, 56 patients (71 eyes) met inclusion criteria. The mean age at surgery was 5.1 years. Mean refractive error change in all the operated eyes was a 0.82 D decrease in spherical equivalent (p = 0.1920) and a 0.40 D increase in cylinder (p = 0.0255). There were no statistically significant changes in spherical equivalent or cylinder in the control eyes.

CONCLUSIONS
The authors data did not show movement toward normalization of refractive error following ptosis surgery. In fact, it showed a statistically significant worsening of astigmatism following surgery. Because refractive error does not improve following surgery, anisometropia should not be the sole indication for early surgery in congenital ptosis.


Due to low parameter sensitivity for balanced realizations, balanced structure becomes a good candidate for an statespace adaptive infinite impluse response (IIR) filter. Here, using coefficients of the transfer function as the adaptive filtering parameters, a balanced adaptive IIR filtering algorithm is proposed for output-error minimization. The algorithm in the internally balanced realization guarantees that the adaptive IIR filter always minimizes the ratio of maximum-to-minimum eigenvalue of the Grammian matrices at the each iteration. Simulation results are provided to corroborate the proposed algorithm.


Background: Thrombotic complications (TC) in pediatric cardiac patients are known to be associated with suboptimal outcomes and increased mortality. Risk of TCs for patients with univentricular def...


Cohort and period approaches to the construction of life tables are contrasted and available information for Germany is used to prepare cohort life tables for both sexes beginning with the 1871 cohort. It is found that "when using period life tables the life expectancy is systematically...underestimated and fluctuates over time more strongly than the true life expectancy as determined by means of cohort data." The results also show that the increase in excess male mortality during recent decades is a specific phenomenon of the war cohorts and is not likely to occur again in this form. The implications of the findings for population forecasts are discussed. (summary in ENG FRE) (EXCERPT)


Increasingly people are turning to the advancement of technology in their daily lives, therefore the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is considered as one of the most important aspect in day-to-day activities. Since its introduction, the development of ICT has never stopped, and today, people use ICT everywhere. There are a lot of initiatives been taken by several bodies, especially the Government in order to make sure that its people, in all education level and living background is well equipped, obtain access, and possess certain skills in ICT to use the facilities for different purposes, in order to promote more up-to-date and sophisticated lives for the nation. Against this concern, this paper will provide a conceptual understanding on the factor contributing to the use of ICT in rural school libraries. Based on the proposed model, propositions are formulated as a basis for the study that will follow.


Twitter is a social networking service that has undergone tremendous growth and is gaining worldwide popularity at an accelerated rate. Twitter allows for the expression of unbiased thoughts on a variety of issues and can assist businesses in providing public feedback on well-known brands and items. Twitter is having trouble with good and negative answers. Researchers evaluated English-language tweets to determine the proportion of positive and negative replies to popular companies and items. This study will explore Twitter sentiment analysis utilizing the Grid Search Algorithm (GSA) and the support vector machine (SVM) technique. GSA is utilized by the feature selection model to optimize the classification procedure. In this work, training data and testing data are required to do sentiment analysis. Sanders Twitter 0.2 utilizes a dataset consisting of tweets retrieved from Twitter using the search terms @apple, #google, #microsoft, and #twitter. The collected dataset was manually annotated and included 654 negatives, 570 positives, 2503 neutrals, and 1786 irrelevant entries. Data are loaded, tokenized, weighted, preprocessed, filtered, and classified to conduct a sentiment analysis. The application's sentiment analysis achieved a degree of accuracy of up to 79% based on testing. The ratio of neutral and bad tweets on data sandboxes tends to be greater than the percentage of positive tweets, hence optimization rather than accuracy is obtained.


Since mathematical proof and proving are in the center of mathematics; preservice mathematics teachers' perceptions against these concepts have a great importance. Therefore, the study aimed to determine preservice mathematics teachers' perceptions towards proof and proving through metaphors. The participants consisted of 192 preservice mathematics teachers in a public university in Aegean Region. As a data collection tool, to reveal preservice mathematics teachers' metaphorical perceptions towards the proof and proving, the form that includes the blanks in the sentences "Mathematical proof is like… Because…" and "Mathematical proving is like… Because…" Data was analyzed using content analysis method. Sixteen themes about the concept of proof and twenty themes about the concept of proving were composed. After taking a specialist opinion, MilesH preservice mathematics teachers had positive perceptions for mathematical proof; but in the matter of proving, they had negative perceptions.As a recommendation, it should be conducted to present why preservice mathematics teachers' perceptions about proof and proving are negative by using depth interviews.


AbstractFiltration is a very basic and primitive technique of water treatment. For many remote, under-privileged and poor communities, this is the only pre-treatment of drinking water prior to boiling. With the emergence of arsenic contaminations in many groundwater aquifers, the filtration became imperative for many communities around the world. However, after repetitive/continuous uses, clogging of the filter media is obvious, which eventually causes poor performance of the filtration process. Backwashing is a common technique being used for the recovery of the filtration capacity of clogged filter media. This study presents development of a simple clogging and backwashing efficiency model for a special filter media. "3rd generation IHE family filter" was developed by UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education and widely used for treating arsenic-contaminated water in many countries including Bangladesh. Several field tests were conducted in three different sites in Bangladesh having different qualities o...


The problems and prospects of solar and wind energy technologies for rural energy supply in developing countries are examined, followed by an overview of key attributes of these technologies. The application of wind and solar systems for cooking, water pumping, drying, water heating, and electric power supply are reviewed. Two detailed case studies are given, the first discussing the potential of solar and wind systems for rural water pumping in Morocco, and the second, examining the "wind farms" producing electric power in California and the potential for their use in developing countries.


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Resources on Saint Francis and Saint Clare of Assisi, the Franciscan Tradition, Catholic Social Teaching, Care for Creation, and related topics. A collection of resources on St. Clare


In a population‐based case–control study we assessed the association between obesity and acute ischaemic/non‐embolic stroke. A total of 163 patients aged older than 70 years (88 men and 75 women) admitted due to a first‐ever‐in‐a‐lifetime acute ischaemic/non‐embolic stroke and 166 volunteers (87 men and 79 women) without a history of cardiovascular disease were included. The association of stroke with body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) was determined by multivariate logistic regression modelling after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Overweight and obesity were more prevalent amongst stroke patients compared to controls. Subjects with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 had 2.5‐times higher odds to suffer an acute ischaemic/non‐embolic stroke compared to subjects within the lowest BMI category of 18.5–20.9 kg/m2. Analysis of interaction showed that in the presence of overweight and/or obesity (classified as a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and/or a WC >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women) the inverse relationship between HDL cholesterol and ischaemic/non‐embolic stroke was negated. Excess weight is associated with an increased risk of acute ischaemic/non‐embolic stroke in elderly individuals independently of concurrent metabolic derangements. Moreover, in the presence of obesity, HDL cholesterol loses its protective effect against ischaemic stroke.


The minicourses: local cohomology in equivariant topology lectures on local cohomology and duality. Other papers: cohomological invariants of coherent sheaves over projective schemes - a survey a partial survey of local cohomology p-torsion elements in local cohomology modules II algorithms for associated primes, Weyl closure, and local cohomology in Macaulay 2 square-free modules and local cohomology modules at monomial ideals graded Greenlees-May duality and the Cech Hull residue methods in combinatorial analysis.


A family of polymeric 1-dimensional chains of iron(II) species showing the spin-crossover phenomenon has been synthesized using 4-n-alkyl-1,2,4-triazoles as bridging ligands. The influence of the length of the alkyl tails on the triazole ligands on characteristic features of the spin transition was studied, showing degrading of steepness with increasing length. A set of four counter ions has been used to access a wider range of transition temperatures. Large hysteresis loops are detected with small tails, mainly for the methyl and ethyl substituted products. In most cases longer tails
 weaken co-operativity and hysteresis gradually decreases to zero. However it is shown that with certain anions hysteresis remains, even with very long tails on the triazoles. Weakening of the co-operativity mainly arises from a diminution of the length of the polymeric chains with increasing alkyl tails on the triazole. This effect is anion dependent. A strong
 interaction along the polymeric chains is confirmed.


Abstract : The objective of this paper is to visualize relationships between evaluated objects and evaluated items by means of a fuzzy correspondence analysis, wherein evaluation fluctuations are properly treated. Every relationship is expressed by a circle corresponding to each of objects and items which illustrates its relative fuzziness. A similarity is also proposed to express numerically these relationships. In order to deal with customers' fastidious demands with some evaluation items, OWA operator and the similarity are used to show the orders of objects depending on Linguistic Quantifiers. In this paper, traditional crafts in Ishikwa Prefecture are focused to show the effectiveness of these methods.


Bond markets have an important role to play in building a diversified financial system and promoting long-term financing to support growth. In emerging Asia, debt securities issued in local currency have become a key source of government financing (Figure 13). While economies in the region are increasingly relying on local currency debt markets for long-term financing, the interest rates that governments pay have varied widely across economies and time.


The structure and function of PIG are introduced.The home and alien research and application of PIG are covered.The disadvantages and research of PIG are indicated.The development of oil and gas to deep water and super deep water demands new development to the designing method and material.


Ischaemic heart disease A little heparin can be a bad thing c Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a rare complication of unfractionated and even more rarely of low molecular weight heparin treatment. It usually occurs between 5–8 days after starting heparin treatment, although may occur earlier if there has been previous exposure. This study of 12 patients highlights that even courses of heparin for only three days can initiate HIT and thrombosis. Presentation may be as late as three weeks after the exposure. Checking for antibodies to the platelet-factor-4/heparin complex is vital to diagnosis.


Background To evaluate the clinical characteristics and angiographic features of transcatheter angiographic embolization (TAE) in patients with active bleeding after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Methods Between October 2009 and April 2018, 45 patients who underwent TAE for hemorrhage control after PCNL were reviewed retrospectively. Patient clinical characteristics and angiographic features of TAE were analyzed.Results Of the 3148 patients, 45 (1.4%), including 35 men (77.78%) and 10 women (22.22%), were treated with TAE after PCNL. Ten patients (22.22%) had a history of kidney surgery. The interval from the bleeding episode to TAE was 3 days (range, 1–6 days). In addition, 27 (60.0%) and 18 patients (40.0%) experienced sudden onset of bleeding and delayed bleeding, respectively. Arterial laceration, arteriovenous fistula, and negative angiographic finding was found in 28 (62.2%), 7 (15.6%), and 10 patients (22.2%), respectively. Thirty-five patients (92.1%) achieved primary clinical success. The median corrected hemoglobin decrease from bleeding episode to TAE was 52 g/L (25.25, 71.00). The median corrected hemoglobin decrease rate from bleeding episode to TAE was 13.11 g/L d (5.60, 26.12). The hemoglobin decrease from bleeding episode to TAE was lesser in negative angiographic patients (28.50 (10.75,51.25) g/L VS 53.7 (35.0,73.13) g/L) than in positive angiographic patients (P<0.05).Conclusion TAE is a safe and effective treatment for patients with post-PCNL bleeding. TAE should be performed for post-PCNL bleeding in patients with hemoglobin decrease of >25 g/L or hemoglobin decrease rate of >5.5 g/L·d following conservative management.


This paper proposes a class of joint subspace and sparse filtering algorithms with an example application in tracking moving targets in highly reverberant environment. Motivated by recent work in low-rank and sparse matrix decomposition, we have developed filtering algorithms that alternate between tracking the low-rank subspace and estimating the instantaneously sparse components, both of which are recursively updated as new data arrives. The algorithms are particularly suitable for online applications with streaming data or sequential processing of extremely large data sets for which matrix decomposition is computationally infeasible. In contrast to simple signal and noise subspace decomposition in traditional subspace processing, the algorithms we describe here assume a generative model consisting of a low-rank subspace, an additional sparse component and noise. This approach is well suited for tracking a sparse moving target signal in the presence of low-rank reverberations. We demonstrate the target tracking performance via a set of beam space field data.


Coiled tubing (CT) is widely used in drilling, workover, completion, fracturing and stimulation in the field of oil and gas exploration and development. During CT operation, the tubing will present a gas–liquid two-phase flow state. The prediction of frictional pressure drop for fluid in the tube is an important part of hydraulic design, and its accuracy directly affects the success of the CT technique. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the gas void fraction, curvature ratio and fluid inlet velocity on frictional pressure drop in CT, numerically. Experimental data verified simulated results. Flow friction sensitivity analysis shows the frictional pressure drop reaches its peak at a gas void fraction of 0.8. The frictional pressure gradient increases with the increase in curvature ratio. As the strength of secondary flow increases with the increase in inlet velocity, the increased trend of gas–liquid two-phase flow friction is aggravated. The correlation of friction factor for gas–liquid two-phase flow in coiled tubing is developed by regression analysis of simulation results. The research results can support high quality CT hydraulics design, through which the success of CT operations can be guaranteed.


This paper discusses the means of transmission of RF power from the source to the accelerating structure or other load. The discussion cannot be comprehensive due to limitations of space, but the intention is to give a discussion in sufficient depth that the reader will have a feeling for what is really involved in transmitting high powers of RF. At a minimum the reader should feel comfortable picking up a manufacturer's catalogue and understanding what it is that all those devices do.


Aggadic literature is widely concerned with the Temple, from its conception, to its construction, reactions to its destruction, and its reconstruction at the end of days. The meta-narrative in Pesiqta Rabbati presents as its major theme the transition from tnormalcyt to the apocalypse with its destructive forces and the final salvation of the righteous. It is based in part upon a chronology that begins with Creation itself. The site of the Temple, the Temple Mount, is deeply engraved into Jewish collective memory. The trope of the destruction of the Temple on the Ninth of Av permeates Pesiqta Rabbati and is a focal point of several apocalyptic homilies. The Mourners for Zion grieved and lamented the destruction of the Temple. A vision relating to the restoration of the Temple as the spiritual center of Judaism contains an extraordinary description of the Temple Gate. Keywords: Jerusalem temple; meta-narrative; Pesiqta Rabbati ; reconstructed temple


Purpose: An accurate needle or catheter placement is essential for the success of many procedures like regional anesthesia or biopsy taking. The accuracy of the needle or catheter placement could be increased by application of a rotational motion, which reduces the tissue indentation and required insertion force. Materials and methods: A catheter (5F/1.67 mm Pig angiographic, Boston Scientific) was pulled through muscle tissue (pork tenderloin) over a distance of 125 mm in directions parallel or perpendicular to the muscle fibers. Insertion velocities of 1, 10 and 50 mm/s were applied in combination with 0,114 and 572 RPM. The friction force between the tissue and catheter was measured by the use of a force sensor (Futek Lsb200, 2.5 N). In total 576 measurements were obtained using 16 tissue samples. Results: The results show that the fiber orientation has no effect on the amount of friction. Also the insertion velocity on its own has little effect on the steady friction force. However, a higher insertion velocity normally result in higher maximum insertion force. An increased rotational velocity normally results in a reduced maximum. The steady insertion force is reduced when the tangential velocity is higher than the insertion velocity. A larger ratio results in a lower amount of friction. Conclusion: We conclude that friction forces between instrument and tissue can be reduced by application of a rotational. Hence, rotation of needles and catheters might reduce the effect of indentation and tissue movements and therefore increase the precision of needle or catheter placement.


Adopting MS incubation media, tissue culture Brassica oleracea white coral, red sea-gull. Using cotyledons and caulides as erplants, From them discorer the induction and differentiation uhich are fit for these strain, Furthermore, achieve the purpose of rapid reproduction and spreading quonlity.


In cross-sectional data, the positive association between seniority and earnings is typically much stronger for nonunion workers than for union workers, a finding that seems inconsistent with the generalization that seniority is more important in the union sector than in the nonunion sector. The authors of this paper show that standard estimates of the return to seniority are likely to be biased upward due to unmeasured worker heterogeneity, job heterogeneity, or both, and they argue that this bias is likely to be larger in the nonunion sector than in the union sector. When they correct for this problem in analyzing data on male blue-collar workers for the years 1968–80, they find a larger return to seniority in the union sector than in the nonunion sector.


Forced vibration testing is important for correlating the mathematical model of a structure with the real one and for evaluating the performance of the real structure. There exist various techniques available for evaluating the seismic performance using dynamic and static measurements. In this paper, full scale forced vibration tests simulating earthquake response are implemented by using a hybrid mass damper. The finite element (FE) model of the structure was analytically constructed using ANSYS and the model was updated using the results experimentally measured by the forced vibration test. Pseudo-earthquake excitation tests showed that HMD induced floor responses coincided with the earthquake induced ones which were numerically calculated based on the updated FE model.


The structural parameters identification without the prior known time history of external force is still a challenging problem for nonlinear structures. In this study, a new nonlinear system identification method is proposed to evaluate the structural parameters without the prior information of excitation time history. Excitation decomposition algorithm is utilized to the system identification. The structural excitation time history is decomposed by orthogonal approximation. With this approximation, the inverse problem of the external excitation identification is transformed into the inverse problem of parameter identification. An improved Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is proposed to identify the structural parameters and coefficients of the orthogonal decomposition only based on the acceleration measurements. The computation of the square roots of matrix may be ill-posed. The singular value decomposition (SVD) method instead of Cholesky decomposition is applied to calculate the square roots of the covariance matrix in the updating step of UKF identification to improve the robustness. The calculation of the covariance matrix is also modified to ensure its symmetric property so that error propagation can be mitigated. For the complicate excitation identification, the proposed method can be improved for practical application. The structural response would be divided into several windows. In each window the proposed method is performed iteratively for accuracy identification result. A single degree of freedom structure and a three-story hysteretic nonlinear shear frame are investigated numerically with the proposed identification method. Results from the simulation studies demonstrate that the structural parameters and excitation can be accurately identified. The proposed improved UKF can also simultaneously identify the structural parameters and dynamic excitation fairly accurately with measurement noise.


In its theoretical part is this thesis focused on reshaping of appearance and function of the landscape as space for human life, and it reflects the development of perception of nature accross the centuries. I perform an analysis of various movements texts that deal with their relation to nature, and the danger of deflection from nature is pointed out. Furthermore, I give insight into the Junak's view of educational role of nature in human life and of the principles and methodes that form the Scout group. In the empirical part, I have interviewed six Scout leaders and found out their personal experience and opinions that are based on their work with children and youth. The conclusion of the thesis summarizes the findings from texts comparation and from the qualitative research and it ponders on mening of the findings for social pedagogy.


Pressure relief gas of protected layer poured into the protective layer seriously restricts the safety recovery of protective layer. Gas prevention and control of protective seam working face in close outburst coal seam group explored by studying the stress and displacement characteristics of close outburst coal seam group after mining combined with the law of gas overflow under the influence of coal seam group mining. The results show that stress of coal and rock strata in the protected area presented U shape changes and the displacement of protected layer presented arched shape changes so that the pressure relief effect is obvious. Gas extraction of protective layer under the influence of upper protective layer can reach to 0.81-2.03m/min with an average of 1.47m/min so that realized the safe opening of working face of protective layer.


The aim of this thesis is to investigate possible features of ice shelves in the Arctic about 140000 years ago. The ice shelves have a critical role in the global climate system and since the human carbon emissions will increase the temperature in the future it is important to understand more about how the ice sheet interacts with the global climate. Today most ice shelves are found in the Antarctic. The Antarctic data are being used as plausible relations between several parameters under the presumption that the ice shelves in the Antarctic today have similar features as ice shelves in the Arctic 140000 years ago. Seafloor findings suggest that the Arctic has been covered with huge ice shelf complexes. Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC, is a general simulation method that draws values from approximate distributions. The Markov chain used here is the Gibbs sampler and the software OpenBUGS has been performing the simulations. The results suggest that huge ice shelf complexes were extreme events but support the idea of ice shelves in the Arctic in the past.


The invention discloses an electrode band for electrical impedance tomography and a using method thereof, and solves the problems of fussy electrode placing process, long placing time and the like at present. The electrode band mainly comprises a base band (1) with scales and electrodes arranged on the base band (1). The using method for the electrode band comprises the following steps of: (1) determining fixing positions of the electrodes through the scales on the base band; (2) fixing the electrodes on the positions to form the electrode band; and (3) fixing the electrode band on a measured object, and connecting electrode wires to the electrodes for detecting. The distance between the adjacent electrodes is consistent, and all the electrodes are positioned on the same plane when the electrode band is used; and the electrode band has the advantages of accurate test result, high stability, high reliability and the like, and is easy to operate.


Environmental education and culture lessons Jakarta is local content subjects Jakarta.Given this lesson is expected student / student more familiar with the environment and culture of Jakarta. Increasingly rapid technological development, unwittingly alreadyeclipsed the affection of the people to the tradition and culture of Jakarta. Therefore, theauthors tried to make the application of educational learning environment and culture of Jakarta-based android that aims to provide information on the history, art and culture of Jakarta. Application educational learning environment and culture of Jakarta, contained a summary of the history of Jakarta, games, quizzes, and there are some typical songs Jakarta. This application will be implemented on any android based smartphones and functions that exist already well underway.


Thin Ni films on top of different nonmagnetic metals have been studied by means of the anomalous Hall effect. Ni on the surface of Mg, In, and Sn does not possess magnetic moments when its thickness is less than about 2.5 atomic layers, whereas on noble-metal substrates even a monolayer of Ni is magnetic.


The solutions to the equations of motion of certain dynamical systems are investigated as a function of complex time. The use of the Painleve property, i.e., the property that the only movable singularities exhibited by the solution are poles, enables a prediction of system parameter values for which the system is integrable. The method is illustrated by a study of the Henon-Heiles system. Extension of the analysis to movable branch points reveals at least one more integrable case. Further changes in analytic structure correlate with the onset of widespread chaos. 27 references, 3 figures, 1 table.


The Cuyamaca Laguna Mountains shear zone (CLMSZ), southern California, has been interpreted to represent east-over-west thrusting resulting from Early Cretaceous arc-continent collision. Near Pine Valley, the western margin of the CLMSZ is underlain by the Harper Creek (HCg) and Cuyamaca Reservoir (CRg) gneisses. U-Pb zircon studies indicate ages of 161 [+-] 17 Ma and 156 [+-] 12 Ma for the Hcg and an age of 158 Ma for the CRg. Geochemically the HCg and CRg are calc-alkaline and peraluminous. Trace element data suggest a magmatic arc setting. Modal and normative mineralogy suggest granodioritic and tonalitic protoliths. Mineral assemblages indicate upper greenschist facies to lower amphibolite grade conditions during deformation. The HCg and CRg were deformed prior to the emplacement of the adjacent 118 [+-] 9 Ma Pine Valley pluton. Structural fabrics described above suggest NE-SW contraction and subvertical extension and are thus compatible with the arc-continent collisional model proposed by earlier workers.


ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the clinical epidemiological characteristics of a large data set of visits to outpatient children mental health services in Brazil, as well as to identify relevant relationships between age, sex and three common mental disorders in childhood: pervasive developmental disorders, ADHD, and mild depressive disorders. Methods We extracted data from the Ambulatorial Information System (SIA) part of a public repository, Datasus, regarding child outpatient mental health services in Brazil, from 2008 to 2012. We performed an analysis of the number of visits per one hundred thousand inhabitants and further analyses with logistic regressions for ADHD (F90.0), Pervasive Developmental Disorders (F84.0-F84.9), and Mild Depressive Episode (F32.0) as outcomes, controlling for age, year of the visit, number of new CAPSI stratified by region. Results Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was the most common condition identified across the country. The analyses by region showed a high number of visits due to mental retardation in the Northeast and depressive episodes in the South. Regressions showed that older children are less likely to visit outpatient services with a diagnosis of ADHD (F90.0). Conclusions Our analysis shows the conditions which cause the most burden to the child psychiatry outpatient centers in Brazil and relevant differences between regions. This information has immediate use for the training of staff and allocation of resources in each region.


The invention relates to a compound of benzoyl urea of formula (I) wherein X1 and X2 are a hydrogen atom or halogen atom or a methyl group, provided that no are both hydrogen atoms, Y is independently atom hydrogen or halogen, an alkyl group may be substituted by halogen, -CO2R1 group in which R1 is a hydrogen atom, a cation or an alkyl group, or a group -OR1 where R1 is as defined above, A1 is = N- or = CY BEING AND defined above; W is an atom of oxygen or sulfur or the group (II), wherein R1 is as stated above, k is an integer from 1 to 3, L is 0 or 1 and Ar is the group (III), IN Z is independently a hydrogen atom or halogen atom, or an alkyl or alkoxy may be substituted by halogen, nitro or cyano group, or a group -S (O) NR2 wherein R2 is a group alkyl which may be substituted by halogen and n is 0,1 or 2, A2 is -S-, -N = CZ- -CZ = CZ- O wherein Z THE defined above and m is an INTEGER DE1 A 3.


This document outlines some approaches, experiences and results to user-interface design in several CSCW systems, highlighting a set of issues related to successful user-interface design and defining a background where functional and innovative approaches to the development of synchronous cooperative systems will be experimented.


The interaction of two parallel vortices of equal circulation is observed experimentally. For low Reynolds numbers (Re), the vortices remain two dimensional and merge into a single one, when their time-dependent core size exceeds approximately 30% of the vortex separation distance. At higher Re, a three-dimensional (3-D) instability is discovered, showing the characteristics of an elliptic instability of the vortex cores. The instability rapidly generates small-scale turbulent motion, which initiates merging for smaller core sizes and produces a bigger final vortex than for laminar 2-D flow.


Leaders of the nineteenth-century's "Moral Majority" actively articulated America's need for reform. Revivalist minister Lyman Beecher saw religion as a mechanism regulating the movement of life itself: "remove this master spring" and society would cease to be. Such a pronouncement expressed a belief held by many American clergymen in the first decades of the nineteenth century: if Americans could be convinced that religion provided the mainspring necessary for the smooth operation of society, then the Church might once again become an important and powerful force in the New World. As things stood, however, the Church was in serious jeopardy. Only by a concerted effort could ministers hope to convince their countrymen that, in Beecher's words, "without the religious order of the State to firm the concience and establish the fear of the Lord, civil institutions could not [endure] a year." In 1798 the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church pointed to the problem at hand. Recognizing that for over thirty years the mind of the nation had been diverted from religion to politics, and sensing that religious order was near collapse, the Assembly officially called for moral reformation, an acknowledgement of "God as our moral governor and righteous judge . " 2 Life had become secularized, the democratic philosophy permeated the country and Americans were losing sight of their


This paper shows that maximum efficiency control (ME) in reluctance synchronous machines (RSM) belongs to the class of constant angle control strategies. It is also shown that for all constant angle control strategies, efficiency is constant and independent of torque (current), being only a function of speed. Results are explored by simulation comparing ME to other typical control strategies from the efficiency viewpoint. Data from a standard RSM and an ALA-RSM (axially laminated anisotropic RSM) are used. Machine limits are taken into account. The paper presents the analytical solution in dq-currents for optimum efficiency, based on a per unit (pu) loss-model. A practical ME expression within a vector control scheme is also presented.


Abstract A time-space fractional reaction-diffusion equation in a bounded domain is considered. Under some conditions on the initial data, we show that solutions may experience blow-up in a finite time. However, for realistic initial conditions, solutions are global in time. Moreover, the asymptotic behavior of bounded solutions is analysed.


Heat load to the plasma facing components is one of the major challenges for the development and design of large fusion devices such as ITER. Nowadays fusion experiments can operate with heat load mitigation techniques, e.g. sweeping, impurity seeding, but do not generally require it. For large fusion devices however, heat load mitigation will be essential. This paper presents the current progress of the extrapolation of steady state and transient heat loads towards large fusion devices. For transient heat loads, so-called edge localized modes are considered a serious issue for the lifetime of divertor components. In this paper, the ITER operation at half field (2.65 T) and half current (7.5 MA) will be discussed considering the current material limit for the divertor peak energy fluence of 0.5 MJ / m 2 . Recent studies were successful in describing the observed energy fluence in the JET, MAST and ASDEX Upgrade using the pedestal pressure prior to the ELM crash. Extrapolating this towards ITER results in a more benign heat load compared to previous scalings. In the presence of magnetic perturbation, the axisymmetry is broken and a 2D heat flux pattern is induced on the divertor target, leading to local increase of the heat flux which is a concern for ITER. It is shown that for a moderate divertor broadening S / λ q > 0.5 the toroidal peaking of the heat flux disappears.


Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a distinct subtype of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, mainly affecting children and young adults. The vast majority of the pediatric cases are anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK) due to the chromosomal translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35), which leads to the constitutive expression and activation of NPM-ALK fusion protein. ALK downstream signaling includes multiple oncogenic pathways and has been directly implicated in ALCL pathogenesis. Current therapeutic approaches can cure 70% of children affected by ALCL. However, despite this, the prognosis of patients experiencing failure of first-line treatment is very poor. The use of biological risk factors such as minimal disseminated disease (MDD), minimal residual disease (MRD), and anti-ALK antibody titer in the forthcoming ALCL trials aims to reduce toxicity for low-risk patients, while making it easier to identify those at higher risk of relapse, who might benefit from more intense regimes and new targeted therapies. We recently identified two clearly distinct subgroups of ALCL patients who were characterized by different endogenous NPM-ALK expression levels at diagnosis and were defined ALK-high and ALK-low. These patients displayed a bimodal distribution for NPM-ALK expression and the median expression values were 2,500 NPM-ALK copies/10,000 ABL1 in ALK-low cases and 125,000 NPM-


The article reveals the diversity of the Desna river valley landscapes. The river valley landscapes characterized by significant concentration of ecotonic natural and anthropogenically modified formations. Desna river valley landscapes are potential objects of the conservation of geocomponents and complex natural landscapes diversity. The article contains map of the Desna valley landscapes.


Simulation methods are used to investigate the cost-effectiveness and poverty-reducing effects of the Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 (FMWA). The data set is created by matching and merging the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (March CPS) with the Earner Study files, which contain the best available information on wages, hours, and earnings. Three 70¢ increments in the minimum wage are compared to alternative labor market policies that could have been adopted in lieu of the FMWA. Specifically, the costs of rising minimum wages are compared to the costs of equiproportionate increases in the earned income tax credit (EITC) and equiproportionate reductions in Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA)(payroll) taxes of workers in low-income families that achieve the same poverty-reducing policy objective. The FMWA simulations are expanded to evaluate a hypothetical extension of the federal minimum wage to $9.50. The overall redistributive effects of the FMWA, the hypothetical $9.50 minimum wage, and the alternative EITC and FICA labor market policies are also compared.


Objectives: Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic to Korea, no large-scale survey of HBV genotypes and serotypes based on sequence analysis has been performed. Methods: In the present study, we genotyped and serotyped HBV strains from 209 patients in two Korean regions, Seoul (107 patients) and Jeju (102 patients), an island off the southeastern Korean coast. Analyses were conducted using the direct sequencing method targeting the partial surface (S) gene (541 bp). Results: Phylogenetic analysis showed that all HBV strains from the 209 patients belonged to genotype C2 (100%). Of the 209 patients, 193 (92.3%), 12 (5.7%) and 1 (0.5%) were found to have the adr, adw and ayr serotypes, respectively. The other three strains (1.5%) showed unique serotype and were not typeable by sequence analysis. No HBV strains characteristic of Jeju island were observed. Conclusions: The extraordinary predominance of genotype C2 in chronic Korean patients, which is known to be associated with more severe liver disease than genotype B, suggests that the clinical manifestations of Korean HBV chronic patients are likely to differ from those found in other Asian countries, especially in Japan and Taiwan, where genotypes B and C coexist.


In this study, we revisit the inflation process in Vietnam through the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) model. We use monthly and quarterly data frequencies to track the forces driving inflationary pressures up to a quarter. Interest rate, an important determinant of inflation, is often found to give theoretically inconsistent result. Hence, we examine different interest rates, including, the central bank policy rate, lending interest rate and one-month interbank interest rates. Further, there is no unified approach to measuring the output gap – an important variable of the model - in the literature which may affect the results. Therefore, in this study, output gap is measured using two different approaches, namely, the linear trend model and the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter to see whether different measurement approaches matter for the signs and significance of this variable. Our key findings show that while the effects of interest rate vary by its type, measurement of output gap does not matter for the determination of inflation in Vietnam. What matters is whether the inflation model is quarterly or monthly. We explain the main determinants of inflation and provide some policy implications in the paper.


Steel‐concrete composite moment frames have been shown to be an effective alternative for use as the primary seismic force‐resisting system of building structures. However, little data are available to justify the structural system performance factors (i.e., R, Cd, and Ωo) given in codes to characterize the overstrength and ductility of these systems. Reasonable values for these factors are vital for successful seismic design. Based on a suite of new finite element formulations, this work investigates the behavior of composite special moment frames under seismic loading and develops rational system performance factors according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency P695 methodology. A set of archetype frames, selected to be representative of the range of frames seen in practice, were designed according to current design specifications. Nonlinear static pushover and dynamic response history analyses were performed on the frames to generate the statistical data on the seismic response from which the performance factors are quantified. The results from this investigation enable a better understanding of the variability in collapse performance of composite frame systems and will facilitate more effective designs of these systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Fowl adenoviruses (FAVs) were isolated from eight one day-old healthy broilers originated from two parent flocks. FAVs were characterized by the whole DNA genomic typing, hexon-based polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction enzyme analysis of the amplified DNA fragment, and by virus neutralization using serotype specific antisera. The isolates belonged to either DNA group A/serotype 1 (FAV-1) or DNA group C/serotype 4 (FAV-4). The pathogenicity of these isolates was studied in day-old specifio-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. Each chick was orally inoculated with one strain of the virus at a dose of 10^3 TCID(subscript 50). FAV-4 isolates significantly decreased weight gain, whereas FAV-l isolates did 50 only when the chicks were also immunosuppressed with cyclo-phosphamide. Examination of various chicken flocks in Taiwan revealed seroprevalence rates of 58.1-60.7 % for FAV-l and 12.9-16 % for FAV-4 in broilers and hybrid broilers younger than two weeks of age. After the decline of maternal antibody, the positive rate in hybrid broiler rose again and increased from eight weeks of age onwards. In breeder chickens older than 25 weeks of age, the seroprevalence rates were 46.4% (FAV-1) and 12.1% (FAV-4).


With advances in computer and information technology, large amount of different typesof valuable data are gathered and generate in the present time of huge information from a largerange of sources of availability of information of various veracities at a high speed. Throughoutlate years, a couple of frameworks and applications have built up the utilization cloud, structureand organization enlisting to direct and analyze huge data with a specific end goal to help datascience (e.g., identifying and extracting data). In this paper, we display an answer for socialcomputing and social network analytics so as to provide services and support to big informationmining of fascinating examples from huge interpersonal organizations that are stored in keyvaluedatabases


We know how important our profession is. Yet we are often frustrated in trying to communicate its significance to our bosses, our board chairs, our funders, the not-for-profit and government community and, even, our families and friends. How we cringe when someone says, "we ought to start a volunteer program" and turns to someone on staff and says, "in your spare time, won't you look after the volunteers?"


We have described some of the problems encountered in an analyzability committee's evolving approach to the assessment of applicants to a psychoanalytic clinic. A primary error was to think in terms of the level of drive development--equating pathology at an oedipal level with analyzability. Recognition that the more important issue for assessment purposes was the presence or absence of those ego capacities and personality characteristics necessary for success in analysis has led to a reorientation of our approach.


Coagulation and flocculation as a pre-treatment before biological process is one of the
 options to enhance the treated water quality and drive possible savings in the
 construction and operation of treatment plants.
 The common coagulants such as Al3+ and Fe3+
 have been used extensively for long
 time. However, they are known to act as an additional burden to the environment.
 Furthermore, there is a public health risk from the use of Al3+. Because of that, great
 efforts have been made to provide environmentally friendly alternatives to
 conventional coagulants and flocculants. One of these alternatives is a tannin-based
 coagulant and flocculant with the name Tanfloc.
 The aim of this study was to improve the performance of a biofilm process by pretreating
 the wastewater using Tanfloc and to study the effect of extended use of
 Tanfloc on the microbial community of the biofilm.
 To achieve these objectives, a five-stage experiment was conducted. In the first stage,
 chemical characteristics of Tanfloc were determined using FTIR and EDX in addition
 to determination of Tanfloc biodegradability. Moreover, jar test experiments were
 conducted to compare the performance of Tanfloc to Polyaluminium chloride (PAC).
 In the second stage, a preliminary study was conducted on Tanfloc performance in a
 continuous flow experiment using only flocculation and sedimentation units. In the
 third stage, the biofilm unit in the continuous flow experiment was run and Tanfloc
 effects were evaluated on the three units. Flocculation process was evaluated by
 studying floc size and residual turbidity. Primary clarifier was evaluated by determining the removal efficiencies. Finally, aeration tank was evaluated by studying
 treatment efficiency and dissolved oxygen level. When third stage has finished, results
 were analysed and they were not clear to show the effect of Tanfloc. Consequently,
 fourth stage using a smaller aeration tank has been decided to be conducted. In the
 fifth stage, the effect of Tanfloc on the biofilm community was investigated in a
 specific study of biofilm characteristics. Effect of Tanfloc on the percentage of
 bacterial genera was studied in addition to substrate concentration and dissolved
 oxygen.
 The outcomes of the first stage showed that Tanfloc can compete with PAC as a
 flocculant. While Tanfloc achieved 85%, 60% and 64% removal efficiencies for TSS,
 BOD5 and COD, the efficiencies were 64%, 55% and 55% for PAC. The improvement
 in floc size for Tanfloc compared to PAC improved turbidity removal, Tanfloc
 removed 70% of the turbidity within only 2 minutes, compared to 42% for PAC. The
 outcomes of the third and fourth stage showed that even at short flocculation time (7.5
 min), Tanfloc showed a high potential to form big flocs with a size distribution of d
 (10), d (50) and d (90) of 18, 42 and 96 micron. Enhancement of the clarification
 process due to Tanfloc application was very clear and while the efficiency of TSS
 removal in the clarifier was only 4% at a flow of 18 L/min (HRT = 55.5 min), with
 Tanfloc it achieved a 60% efficiency. Even at a high flow of 26 L/min (HRT= 39 min),
 a removal efficiency of 31% was achieved when Tanfloc was applied. An
 enhancement in aeration tank performance was noticed due to Tanfloc's effect on
 reducing the organic load; the BOD5 for the treated water dropped from the range of
 24 – 50 to the range of 7–24 mg/L when Tanfloc was introduced. Moreover, the
 dissolved oxygen level in the aeration tank jumped almost to double the value when
 Tanfloc was introduced to the biological process. An interesting point in the results of
 the fifth stage is the ammonia nitrogen removal. In the experiment without Tanfloc,
 there was a complete inhibition of ammonia nitrogen removal at retention time of 4
 hours, while Tanfloc produced a removal efficiency of around 70% of the ammonia
 nitrogen at the same retention time (4 hours). Biofilm community analysis showed a
 significant increment in the percentage of Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira genera in the
 biofilm cultured by flocculated water (3.33% and 7.8% respectively) compared to the
 biofilm cultured by raw wastewater (0.073% and 0.19 % respectively). This increase
 justified and confirmed the aforementioned improvement in ammonia nitrogen
 removal in the experiment with Tanfloc.
 The aforementioned results suggest Tanfloc as a promising agent to enhance the
 performance of clarification and biological treatment units and consequently reduce
 the required volumes of treatment units and saving energy. In light of this
 enhancement, Tanfloc could be used to upgrade the existing treatment plants or design
 compact treatment units.


Many problems in ion-enhanced etching are caused by the charge-up effect as the aspect ratio increases with the decrease of a semiconductor device size. The energy and angle distribution of particles are important factors in the etching process which can be controlled by the pressure of a plasma chamber. In the present paper, we varied the pressure of plasma and studied the charge-up phenomenon for the aspect ratios 5 and 10. In the low pressure RF-capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) chamber, ions with higher energy and small angle distribution have been detected. On the other hand, in the high-pressure RF-CCP chamber, ions with low-energy and high-angle distribution are observed. At a high-aspect ratio, the charge-up potential is reduced when the pressure of a plasma chamber is high. At a high pressure, more vertical etching feature is expected.


The paper focus on the Apriori association rules mining algorithm ,presents an enhanced method which can effectively reduce the number of data to improve the original Apriori algorithm performance. Moreover, an enhanced method of OC1 classification rules mining algorithm is proposed, which extends the applicable scope of original algorithm .A data mining prototype system is implemented with the two enhanced algorithms .


Throughout this thesis we will discuss the theoretical background and empirical observation of a swell band shore normal flux divergence reversal. Specifically, we will demonstrate the existence and persistence of the energy flux divergence reversal in the nearshore region of Atchafalaya Bay, Gulf of Mexico, across storms during the March through April 2010 deployment. We will show that the swell band offshore component of energy flux is rather insignificant during the periods of interest, and as such we will neglect it during the ensuing analysis. The data presented will verify that the greatest flux divergence reversal is seen with winds from the East to Southeast, which is consistent with theories which suggest shoreward energy flux as well as estuarine sediment transport and resuspension prior to passage of a cold front. Employing the results of theoretical calculations and numerical modeling we will confirm that a plausible explanation for this phenomena can be found in situations where temporally varying wind input may locally balance or overpower bottom induced dissipation, which may also contravene the hypothesis that dissipation need increase shoreward due to nonlinear wave-wave interactions and maturation of the spectrum. Lastly, we will verify that the data presented is consistent with other measures collected during the same deployment in the Atchafalaya Bay during March April 2010. Thesis Supervisor: Peter A. Traykovski Title: Associate Scientist with Tenure, Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Thesis Supervisor: John Trowbridge Title: Department Chair and Senior Scientist, Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution


. Lime was applied in summer 1981 at rates up to 201 ha−1 prior to reseeding an unimproved peaty hill soil. A marked pH gradient with depth developed showing that 3 years after application lime had very little effect below a depth of 5 cm. Soil pH values for 0–7.5 cm samples were: nil lime-4.2; 1 t ha−1-pH 4.3; 2 tha−1-pH 4.6; 4 t ha−1-pH 5.0; 6 t ha−1-pH 5.6. In the 0–2.5 cm layer pH values were much higher.

In all years at least 80% of maximum yield was achieved from an initial application of 21 ha−1 lime. Botanical analysis showed that maximum persistence of sown species, perennial ryegrass and timothy, occurred from 2 t ha−1 lime; 6 t ha−1 lime was necessary for maximum persistence of clover. Lime application had only small effects on the mineral composition of the herbage.


According to specific geological conditions of Jiujialu mine area,deep-hole blasting open-air stage is explored in this paper.The application of open-air stage deep-hole blasting on stripping in this section is introduced.And the safety and reliability of blasting technology are discussed.


inevitable tendency to allude to issues and phenomena without in-depth discussion. Particularly useful are the chapters on law and Sunni theology; the former provides a succinct account of the intellectual environment within which early Islamic jurisprudence was formed, while the latter gives a very accessible overview of the rather complex theological problems discussed in early Islam. Some of the book's chapter headings are fairly unusual and respond to contemporary stereotypical perceptions of Islamic beliefs and practices. The chapter on paradise (pp. 145–54) must be seen as a response to the sensationalist media coverage of Muslim afterlife beliefs which, through their sensuous imagery, seem to portray paradise as a place fulfilling male sexual fantasies and have apparently provided suicide bombers with particularly strong eschatological motivations for their actions. Lohlker, in response, provides a discussion of various interpretations of the woman's place in Islamic eschatology. The chapter on Muslim women (pp. 234–40) illustrates the complexities enshrined in any non-Muslim discourse on "the Muslim woman" and counters common stereotypes by pointing at the diversity of Muslim women's experiences. This book does not aim to provide the ultimate intellectual history of Islam, but rather alludes to various intellectual discourses within Islamic symbolic structures – discourses that are presented as dynamic, flexible and diverse. Particularly useful are not only the inclusion of topical issues and debates but also the up-to-date bibliography with the latest publications within the field and informative web resources. Although the fragmentary style of the book can sometimes be challenging, it is certainly a good example of a textbook that takes seriously the postmodern insistence on difference and scepticism towards totalizing discourses and their creation of "Otherness" in its account of Islam's intellectual history.


An apparatus is described for direct counting, using a plastic scintillator, of unknown emitters occurring in atmospheric samples collected on large-surface filters (10 cm diameter). The quality of the apparatus depends largely on the uniformity of the photocathode in the photomultiplier used. The counter which was built had a countirg efficiency for a 10 cm diameter source of 30% for S/sup 35/, 88% for P/sup 32/, 45% for unknown emitters and a background noise of 56 cpm. (auth)


The learning outcomes of pharmacy students in Cirebon were still lacking, as well as student's motivation and character. The teaching strategies used by teachers were still conventional and character education has not been optimal. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were differences in student's motivation and character between students who were taught by integrated contextual learning with character education (experimental class) and students who were taught by conventional method (control class). The research method used was the experiment. The data analysis technique was independent sample t-test. The results of this study were (1) the tcount value for the character honesty; discipline; and responsibilities were 4.118; 3.709; and 7.950 respectively, > the ttable 2.003, it means that there was differences in the characters between the control and the experimental class; (2) the tcount value for student's motivation was 3.506 > the ttable 2.003, it means that there was difference in student's learning motivation between the control and the experimental class. The student's responses toward learning in the experimental class amounted to 82.59% in the very good category. The result of this study are expected to contribute the information for education practitioners especially in vocational schools.


Objective:To explore interior decoration decorative materials of formaldehyde released by the impact on children with asthma. Methods: A case-control epidemiological study design, through questionnaires collected 50 cases of children with asthma (case group) and 50 patients with non-asthmatic children (control group) information, the study of living of formaldehyde in indoor air concentrations and compared between the two groups as well as different decoration level (the rough, simple decoration, refined decoration) of formaldehyde in indoor air concentrations of the two groups of children and the signs and symptoms of asthma. Results: Case Group of formaldehyde in indoor air concentration [(0.130±0.041) mg/m3], formaldehyde exceeding rate (60%) was significantly higher [(0.085±0.022) mg/m3, 24%]; fine decoration in the room formaldehyde in the air exceeding rate (50%) was significantly higher than that Jianzhuangxiu (33%) and the rough (0) (P0.05); cases of childhood asthma irritating cough Group, a large number of present phlegm, difficulty in breathing, irritability, forced sitting, with abdominal pain, the sound auscultation have Wheezing incidence was significantly higher (P0.01). Conclusions: Indoor decoration which increased indoor formaldehyde concentrations of children respiratory bring about significant impact.