This paper presents the form of the living Qur'an contained in the film Siccin 1. This film is a Turkish horror film. The focal point of this research is the use of the verses of the Qur'an used by a shaman who is carrying out his act of witching someone. Departing from the author's understanding of the verses of the Qur'an, which are multi-functional and have the performance as something that has great power as well as being a medicine for its users, intermediary for peace of life, against destructive supernatural powers, and other good things. However, in this film, it is different; the verses of the Qur'an are used as a tool to harm others. The author has two reasons that underlie the choice of this film as research material, namely, in the Siccin film, there is a living Qur'an phenomenon in the form of the use of the verses of the Qur'an in witchcraft rituals, and the Siccin film has become the consumption of many people. The author will research by analyzing and looking for synchronization between the ritual of witchcraft and the verses of the Qur'an used in the film Siccin. The author will also look at the informative and performative aspects of the verses of the Qur'an used in this film. The writer hopes that this research can find a synchronization of the use of the verses of the Qur'an in the ritual of witchcraft and can find the performance of the Qur'an in the film Siccin. Then, the author will examine the transformation of the verses of the Qur'an into mantras. Witchcraft in this film.


The robust stabilization of the cart pendulum system was studied under structured uncertainty with a continuous-time periodic controller. The cart pendulum system was considered here as the test set-up as it is a well-known example of an unstable nonminimum phase system. The uncertainty in the system rose due to measurement error or dry friction in it. In this paper, the robust stability of the periodic controller in the presence of uncertainty was examined. The gain margin and delay margin endow with the periodic controller were superior to those obtained in the case of linear time invariant (LTI) control even in the presence of such uncertainties.


Survival beyond 1-month after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is still considered a challenge for OHCA registries and it is often unexplored. However, a longer follow-up could help to better comprehend the long-term issues of OHCA survivors.

 Our aim was to evaluate the long-term outcome after OHCA via an Utstein-based cardiac arrest registry with a long follow-up (up to 5 years).

 We enrolled all the people with an OHCA of any aetiology in our Province (about 55ehz748.1138 inhabitants in northern Italy) in whom CPR was attempted. The primary endpoint was the survival at 1 month, and the secondary endpoints were the survival at 6 months and then every year until 5 years after OHCA.

 In the first 45 months (October 2014–June 2018) 1774 resuscitation attempts for confirmed OHCAs were enrolled. Baseline characteristics: male 59.7%; mean age of 73.4±16 years; mean EMS response time was 11:31±5:09 mins; home location 78.8%; bystander-witnessed events were 56.1%; EMS witnessed event 15.6%; bystander CPR 39.5%; AED use before EMS arrival 2.5%; medical etiology 93%; first shockable rhythm 18.2% (90.7% VF, 2.5% VT without pulse, 6.8% AED shockable). When considering survival from the event (Figure 1 – left panel), survival was significantly higher for shockable Utstein categories (p<0.001). Considering only those patients discharged alive (Figure 1 – right panel) long term survival was significantly higher (p<0.01) once again for shockable rhythms. Interestingly, in this category survival continued to decrease over time ranging about from 90% in the first year to about 80% at four years.
 Figure 1

 Our results demonstrated that survival after OHCA can change over the time in all the Utstein categories, so we believe that a longer follow-up should be encouraged by next Utstein style revision.


Ecosystem models are used to support the management and implementation of European directives (e.g. the Water Framework Directive (WFD)). Some of these models are based on sophisticated 3–D mechanistic marine ecosystem models, while others have a more simplistic setup. However, few attempts have been made to understand limitations, commonalities and differences between these models. In this report the main strengths and weaknesses of the models will be outlined and an evaluation given of how this influences the use of these model types.


Plenty of Harm in God explores the themes of rescue, escape, madness and hope. It is a story about the damage people inflict on themselves and each other, and the things we do to make survival possible. When the narrative opens, Clare, the protagonist, twenty years old and pregnant, is about to return to Inisheer, Ireland, to fulfill a suicide pact that she made five years ago with her cousin Gillian. As the story of the conditions under which the pact was made unfolds, Clare struggles to find a reason to go on living, but her despair and her belief that her genealogy is "poisoned" make it at first impossible for her to justify her own existence or even that of her unborn child. Her search brings her back to people from her past who believe in her potential to achieve some sort of "happiness" even in the face of suffering. My main technical considerations have concerned the novella as a hybrid form combining the succinct, poetic nature of a short story with the broader thematic scope of a long narrative. I feel the semi-epistolary form provides the novella with a purpose and a clear vehicle for the development of character. In writing Plenty of Harm in God , I have come to a deeper understanding of how narrative voice can structure, cohere, and direct a work; once the narrator's voice asserts itself, the story seems in many ways to take care of itself.


cdk2 and cdk4 activity was assayed by adding 5 (cid:3) g histone or GST-Rb and 10 (cid:3) Ci [r- 32 P] to immune complexes. Reaction products were resolved by SDS/PAGE, and the gel was exposed to X-ray film. A representative example of three separate experiments is shown. b 1 -integrin engagement on normal (NL) CD34 1 cells increases levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (cdki), p27 Kip , de-creases cdk2 activity, and inhibits G 1 y S-phase progression. In contrast, b 1 -integrin engagement on chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) CD34 1 cells does not inhibit G 1 y S progression. We now show that, in CML, baseline p27 Kip levels are significantly higher than in NL CD34 1 cells, but adhesion to fibronectin (FN) does not increase p27 Kip levels. p27 Kip mRNA levels are similar in CML and NL CD34 1 cells and remain unchanged after adhesion, suggesting posttranscriptional regulation. Despite the elevated p27 Kip levels, cdk2 kinase activity is similar in CML and NL CD34 1 cells. In NL CD34 1 cells, > 90% of p27 Kip is located in the nucleus, where it binds to cdk2 after integrin engagement. In CML CD34 1 cells, however, > 80% of p27 Kip is located in the cytoplasm even in FN-adherent cells, and significantly less p27 Kip is bound to cdk2. Thus, presence of BCR y ABL induces elevated levels of p27 Kip and relocation of p27 Kip to the cytoplasm, which contributes to the loss of integrin-mediated proliferation inhibition, characteristic of CML.


The present invention relates generally to a new pyridine-N- oxide was prepared by the method of alkaline metal pyrithione relates to the use of vulcanizing agent and an alkaline agent. In particular, the present invention relates to an efficient method for the preparation of polyvalent metal complex oxide sodium omadine the alkali metal pyridine N- herein described.


Tawangalun Temple is one of the heritage temples of the Majapahit Kingdom in Sidoarjo Regency which is located in Buncitan Village, Sedati District. Based on the analysis of problems in the field of historical construction, Tawang temple still has little information in digital form, so that little information is visually packaged in digital, resulting in a lack of public interest in accessing information. The system development research method used is an action research research design where the research is carried out by designing the Tawang Alun Temple AR application and implementing the design. This research will create augmented reality by recommending locations that can help all people, from school children to students and the general public, displaying the Tawang Alun Temple site. This application will be able to display 3D objects in the form of the Tawang Alun temple.


Labor export and the introduction of foreign experts have played an important role in China since it launched reform and open door policy in 1978. The article discusses China's economic environment since then, the policies and mechanisms attendant to labor export and the introduction of experts, and presents data on international migration. Labor export is subsumed under the larger framework of economic growth. Thus, exporting labor is supplementary to the introduction of new technologies, infrastructure development, and improving the management of enterprises. To facilitate the introduction of new technologies and to improve the management of enterprises, the Chinese government encourages foreign experts to work in China. The government is against irregular migration and seeks to avoid brain drain.


The invention discloses a decolouring agent for a cigarette flavoring essence. The decolouring agent is prepared through the following steps of: weighing 5-6 parts of attapulgite, 2-3 parts of diatomite and 2-3 parts of active floridin; and grinding raw materials into powder and uniformly mixing. Because the utilized raw materials are all from natural and nontoxic minerals in nature, the product is safe and non-toxic, has favorable decoloring effect without residue, no introduction of exogenous pollutants, low cost and easily obtained raw materials and is convenient for generalization and application.


The process of road construction is often accompanied by a large number of excavation work, and most of the excavated soil has poor engineering performance and needs to be transported away. It has the significance of environmental protection and cost saving to treat the excavated soil as pavement materials. The aim of this study is to present laboratory experiments into the mechanical properties, engineering properties, and microstructure of excavated soil stabilized by ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and superabsorbent polymer (SAP). Laboratory experiments were performed to determine unconfined compressive strength (UCS), compactness, durability after wetting and drying cycles, drying shrinkage, and California bearing ratio (CBR). Apart from these, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for the microstructure analysis to understand the impact of SAP on cemented excavated soil. It shows that SAP can effectively improve the strength and the compaction of cemented excavated soil with good durability. Although SAP will reduce the CBR value of cemented excavated soil, it still meets the requirements of engineering acceptance. Microscopic analysis shows that SAP absorbs water in the cemented excavated soil and plays a filling role.


Background: Falls among the elderly are an issue internationally and a public health problem that brings substantial economic and quality-of-life burdens to individuals and society. Falls prevention is an important measure of nursing quality and patient safety. Numerous studies have evaluated the association of medication use with fall risk in elderly patients. However, an up-to-date review has not been available to summarize the multifaceted pharmaceutical concerns in the prevention of medication-related falls.


This paper aimed to investigate the refrigerant management regulations and research trend of alternative refrigerants for R-410A. More than 200 countries around the world agreed to limit the use of HFC(Hydro Fluoro Carbon) refrigerants through the 28th Montreal Protocol Conference in Kigali, Rwanda, in October 2016. The European Union has decided to ban the sale of HFC refrigerants and application systems of GWP(Global Warming Potential) 2500 or higher by applying the F-gas Regulation in 2020. AHRI(Air-conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute) conducted the evaluation of alternative refrigerants. JRAIA(Japan Refrigeration and Air conditioning Industry Association) was studying various alternative refrigerants and paying attention to R-32 as a alternative refrigerant for R-410A. Recently, the HFO(Hydro fluoro olefin) refrigerant has been regarded as a promising alternative refrigerant due to low GWP and stable performance. But HFO non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures are being developed and evaluated, because it is difficult to apply HFO refrigerant to residential air conditioner and heat pump because it shows low pressure characteristic at saturated temperature condition of general refrigeration system.


The present paper summarizes the building of the GIREP community on teaching and learning quantum physics in secondary school and the results of the community's first discussion workshop. The questions for the workshop were prepared using feedback from the community members. The participants to the Working Discussion in Budapest Conference were divided in five groups, each focusing on distinct approaches in teaching quantum physics, as identified by the community. The five groups discussed the questions and identified core concepts that any course on quantum physics should cover. They also identified some specificities of each approach and discussed which approaches are particularly well suited or poorly suited to address specific concepts. The paper describes the creation of the community, the process of selecting the questions for the workshop and the results of the discussion on specific questions. The group identified potential research questions that should be addressed with future research. The results are summarized into a short position statement on the future goals of the community.


Drawing on ethnographic material on speech writing in the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, I argue that this practice and others like it integrate the Ministry by setting up the work so that every subsection of the Ministry is allowed a say, and by short-circuiting outside attempts to access the practice for other purposes, such as tailormaking speeches to audience needs and expectations. Speeches are treated first and foremost as instantiations of the ministry. Inasmuch as a Ministry of Foreign Affairs consists of units that mediate relationships to widely different worlds, there is a pressing need for it sometimes to speak in one voice. Speech writing turns out to be such a practice, and the work of the ministry is set up in such a way that this is guaranteed to continue, barring outside intervention from politicians. This finding supports the hypotheses of Michael Herzfeld and Mary Douglas about the integration of organizations, while also demonstrating in detail how diplomatic working routines secure invariance by actively relegating innovative moves in order to repeat an already existing form. Change will therefore reach the interior of the organization from its margins, where the costs of non-adaptability is most keenly felt. Change in diplomacy may therefore be expected to be initiated by politicians, not by diplomats themselves.


We study Maxwell's equations in time domain in an anisotropic medium. The goal of the paper is to solve an inverse boundary value problem for anisotropies characterized by scalar impedance $\alpha$. This means that the material is conformal, i.e., the electric permittivity $\epsilon$ and magnetic permeability $\mu$ are tensors satisfying $\mu =\alpha^2\epsilon$. This condition is equivalent to a single propagation speed of waves with different polarizations which uniquely defines an underlying Riemannian structure. The analysis is based on an invariant formulation of the system of electrodynamics as a Dirac type first order system on a Riemannian $3-$manifold with an additional structure of the wave impedance, $(M,g,\alpha)$, where $g$ is the travel-time metric. We study the properties of this system in the first part of the paper. In the second part we consider the inverse problem, that is, the determination of $(M,g,\alpha)$ from measurements done only on an open part of the boundary and on a finite time interval. As an application, in the isotropic case with $M\subset \R^3$, we prove that the boundary data given only on an open part of the boundary determine uniquely the domain $M$ and the coefficients $\epsilon$ and $\mu$.


Purpose
This paper aims to introduce design challenges of modern telecommunication satellite antennas. The antenna farms accommodated on a satellite are systems of high complexity. From the radio frequency (RF) point of view, the most important design issues, e.g. high power applications in space (vacuum) or typical antenna scenarios (single/multi beam antennas), and their solution are considered.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents the application of electro-magnetic (EM) field simulation in the design and optimisation process. The design of a telecommunications satellite antenna splits into several areas, for which different types of EM field solvers are used.

Findings
The use of EM field solvers enables an accurate and efficient design approach of modern geostationary telecommunications satellite antennas. Due to the use of EM field solvers, an excellent agreement between predictions and measurement results on feed as well as antenna system level is achieved.

Originality/value
This paper gives an overview of state-of-the-art telecommunications satellite antenna architectures and their efficient RF design due to the use of EM field solvers. Typical high power effects and other design issues are explained. RF engineers are encouraged to work on this exciting topic to further improve the design process and to develop new satellite antenna and feed products.


The gap between resources and demand within the NHS will widen unless radical action is taken to find additional funding, says a new report on Britain's health care. The report, from Healthcare 2000, backs the principle of general taxation as the primary source of funding for the NHS but says that increased taxation alone cannot close the gap.

The report observes that all developed countries have a mix of public and private finance for health services and adds: "Relative to other …


When it comes to managing an economy should policymakers act on the basis of technical expertise or in accordance with the views of voters? Simon Wren-Lewis writes that economists need to act more as a collective, and do a much better job of articulating consensus viewpoints to the public when it comes to important questions of economic policy.


Mimesis and mimetology - Adorno and Lacoue-Labarthe, Martin Jay "Aesthetic Theory's" mimesis of Walter Benjamin, Shierry Weber Nicholsen Benjamin, Adorno, surrealism, Richard Wolin concept, image, name - on Adorno's "Utopia of Knowledge", Rolf Teidemann concerning the central idea of Adorno's philosophy, Rudiger Bubner why rescue semblance? metaphysical experience and the possibilities of ethics, J.M. Bernstein Adorno's notion of natural beauty - a reconsideration, Heinz Paetzold Kant, Adorno, and the social opacity of the aesthetic, Tom Huhn art history and autonomy, Gregg M. Horowitz construction of a gendered subject - a feminist reading of Adorno's "Aesthetic Theory", Sabine Wilke and Heidi Schlipphacke the philosophy of dissonance - Adorno and Schoenberg, Robert Hullot-Kentor.


Observations of the eclipsing binary CC Cygni have been used to determine phases of minimum using Hertzsprung's method. Prior to 1967 the period seems to have been ; after 1967 the data fit a period of . The effect of asymmetry in the minimum is discussed, and found to be insufficient to alter the conclusion that there is evidence for a period change occurring between 1965 and 1967. Key words: period change - eclipsing binaries


Quasi 1-D metal oxide single crystal chemiresistors are about to occupy their specific niche in the real world solid state sensorics. The major expected advantage of this kind of sensors with respect to available granular thin film sensors will be their smaller size and stable, reproducible and calculable performance within a wide range of operating conditions. To be able to compete in sensitivity with the best available nanocrystalline thin film sensors, one has to use very fine nanowires with the effective diameter of the order of ten nanometers. Fabrication of nanostructures reproducibly and controllably in this size domain remains a challenging task. The second challenge is a control of the selectivity of these nanosensors. In this report, a few exemplary approaches to grow and functionalize the prospective nanosensors are presented. Namely, in order to produce the nanostructures with the reduced diameter of the conducting channel, we grow nanowires with the oscillating morphologies where mesoscopic, several microns long segments are connected by the segments with much smaller diameters. In order to tune the sensitivity and selectivity of these sensors the influence of the surface sensitization with catalyst particles of Ni/NiO and Pd were examined.


Purpose To assess the effect of two different internal limiting membrane [ILM] peeling techniques carried out during surgery for idiopathic macular hole on the postoperative extent of a dissociated optic nerve fibre layer appearance [DONFL] Methods Prospective data collection of surgical records and videos and preand postoperative imaging of a consecutive series of patients undergoing surgery for idiopathic macular hole by two surgeons. One surgeon used a forceps pinch peel technique to peel the ILM and the other surgeon using a diamond dusted membrane scraper. The extent of any DONFL was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography and blue reflectance imaging at 3 months post-operatively. A proportion of the ILMs removed were examined with transmission electron microscopy. Results Fifty seven patients were studied with 41 in the forceps group and 16 in the scraper group. The groups were well matched with no significant difference in any preoperative parameters. Some degree of DONFL was observed on the 3 month blue


Citizens of Krakow as well as members of the gentry connected with Lesser Poland can be enumerated among the owners of Niegoszowcie – a village located less than 20 kilometres to the west of Krakow. Some of them owned the country estate and profited form leasing it; others resided there permanently simultaneously holding offices in Krakow. Families that were connected to the place in the Old Polish times include the Lagjurgowie, Niegoszowscy, Bonerowie, Firlejowe, Szembekowie, Trewani, Komeccy, Kochanwscy and Gluchowscy. Onthe cusp of the 18th and 19th centuries, the next owner, the Krakow canon Michal Soltyk, built a palace in Niegoszowice where he accumulated an immense collection of curiosities and a library. After his death, Niegoszowice became the property of his nephews, and then belonged to counts Borowscy, Krakow merchants Rathowie, and to Colonel Benedykt Zielonka and his heir. Since 1846, the property belonged to the family of Chwalibogowscy who were connected with Krakow, and from whom Prince Eugeniusz Lubomirski, the heir of Kruszyna, bought itin 1882. His heirs sold Niegoszowice in 1912 to count Piotr Rostworowski. The estate and the park were bought from the Rostworowscy family in 1966 by the PAX Association for the abode of United Economic Units "Veritas" (Zjednoczone Zespoly Gospodarcze "Veritas") that ordered modernization of the manor house in the years 1971-1986. Currently, the manor ordered modernization of the manor house in the years 1971-1986. Currently, the manor house and the park are a private property.


3153 Background: IMX is a non-myelosuppressive, iminopyrrolidone agent which overcomes multi-drug resistance and induces cytotoxicity by depleting cellular thiols, inducing oxidative stress, causin...


Pegasos. The winged horse is pictured on a Hittite seal (Messerschmidt, Corpus Inscript. Hettiticarum, ii, pi. xliii, 8), and the story claims relationship to the Babylonian legends of Etana and Gilgamos, who were similarly thrown to the ground from the back of the eagle whereon they were endeavouring to mount to heaven. In the Assyrian period Alasiya was known as Que. As Tarsus was founded by the grandson, Kydnus, or the great-grandson, Parthenius, of Iapetos, so, according to Gen. x, 4, Tarshish was the grandson of Japhet and the brother of Elishah, as well as of Kittiin or Cyprus and Rodanim or Rhodes. His father Yavan, "the Ionian," bears an Asianic name with the distinctively Anatolian suffix van, and it is therefore interesting to learn that the city on whose site Antioch was built had been called I?n?, and that the name of Ionia had once been given to the Cilician coast.1 Ion, the Ionian Greek, moreover, was not the brother, but the nephew, of Dorus and ?Eolus. Like Achneus, the Achaean, his father was Xuthus, the " tawny-skinned " Syrian, who was thus distinguished from the Leuco-Syri or " White-skinned Syrians " of Cappadocia. A. H. Savce.


The areas of discovery of Apanteles glomerulus, Pteromalus puparum and Brachymeria regina were calculated using two different models. Increasing host or parasite density generally resulted in an initial increase followed by a decrease in area of discovery.


.....................................................................................viii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Concept of International Business ..................................................................................... 3 1.1.2 Managerial Practices .......................................................................................................... 5 1.1.3 Banking Sector in Kenya.................................................................................................... 6 1.1.4 Barclays Bank Subsidiaries in Kenya ................................................................................ 7 1.2 Research Problem ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Research Objective ................................................................................................................. 10 1.4 Value of the Study ................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................... 12 2.


Biometrics is a field which is evolving regularly and also incorporated classes of security approaches itself in recent years for user authentication. Proposed approach uses iris recognition as a example to explore an idea to build secure biometric systems. After segmenting and identifying the region of the iris, the process of normalization done. Then uniquely robust features of each person's iris which have extracted, further used to match with iris template which is already saved in database. In this work we will give a new approach of user authentication which uses both eyes of same user. In order to provide privacy protection and deter unauthorized use of biometric sensitive data, iris feature(s) should be properly encrypted by applying cryptographic techniques and image processing approach jointly. This paper discusses a suitable approach for secure and robust biometric matching.


The National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) developed a new hierarchical classification scheme to standardize mapping techniques and terminology throughout all its reserves. The MissionAransas National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) obtained habitat information from various sources and reclassifed habitats according to the NERRS scheme using a geographic information system (GIS). Mapping the Mission-Aransas NERR manually at a high spatial resolution was desired, but proved challenging because of its considerable size (185,708 acres) and limited accessibility to privately-owned land areas. Existing digital habitat information was identified and obtained from partner agencies in an effort to create a comprehensive habitat map of the Mission-Aransas Estuary and the adjacent watersheds.


Objective: Aim of this study was to develop the topical delivery containing ivabradine hydrochloride (IVH) loaded transpersonal gel for symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris in coronary artery disease.
Methods: Different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values of surfactants-tween-80, span-80 and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) were investigated to prepare transfersomes (TFs)respectively, with different concentration of soya phosphatidylcholine and 10% v/v ethanol in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) by conventional rotary evaporation sonication method. The prepared formulations were evaluated for percentage entrapment efficiency (%EE), deformability index (DI), turbidity, vesicle shape and size, in vitro drug release study and stability. SEM was done on selected formulation F8 and liposome formulation (LF). Gel was prepared by using carbopol-940 as a gelling agent with propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol solution as permeation enhancer by 32 factorial design optimization methods. The developed gel was evaluated for pH, viscosity, drug content, ex-vivo permeation studies and stability studies of TFs-gel. This was compared with LF-gel prepared by same procedure.
Results: Maximum % EE (78.4±0.94), suitable vesicular size (128.6 nm) and maximum DI (34.9±1.9) was found in TFs-TW-80 and selected for gel development. In vitro drug release data from TFs-TW-80, plain drug solution and liposomal formulation (LF) revealed that % cumulative drug released in TFs-TW-80 was found maximum (89.5±0.12 %) in 20 min than others. It was 2.1 times higher than LF and 3.3 times higher than the plain drug. SEM study showed spherical shape of vesicles. The drug contents in the TFs and LF gels were found to be 92 to 95%w/w. Partition coefficient for TFs-loaded gel was 1.04±0.03. Ex vivo permeation study from hairless rat skin showed that permeation of drug is described by firstly first-order kinetics than zero-order kinetics. The drug released from TFs-gel was found to be 1.7 times higher than LF-gel and about 1.9 times higher than plain drug. Flux from TFs-gel was 2.04 times greater than LF-gel and 3.28 times more than plan drug. Stability studies indicated that suitable storage condition for developed gel was temperature 25 °C or less, where the pH, potency and therapeutic efficacy of formulations remain constant.
Conclusion: Thus, transdermal route has become one of the most successful and innovative focus for research in drug delivery of IVH loaded TFs-TW-80 to increase stability and bioavailability.


He holds that a great comic actor remained ''a figure apart'' from the other players (89). Furthermore, Shakespeare, Kemp, and Richard Tarleton seem to have emerged largely outside the instruction process that he demonstrates so clearly. Because women played effectively on the Restoration stage, we may draw the inference that talent could find a place on the boards without the benefit of the ensemble teaching mechanisms created for juveniles in early modern Britain. Astington draws a useful distinction between youthful and boy actors that adds to our understanding of Cleopatra's fears about her (eventual) portrayal. In theatrical terms, the irony in her self-reflexive humor depends not so much upon the ages of minority and majority among actors but upon juveniles of different standing within the company. An actor in his late teens could be quite accomplished, while his younger counterpart might possess comparatively raw talent. Nevertheless, Astington holds that the performances of youthful actors would have been as aesthetically pleasing to their audiences as those of actresses in later eras. Citing a 1610 production of Othello in which the face of the dead Desdemona was revealed in such a way as to make a lasting impression on the audience, the author proves the significant contribution to the overall theatrical effect made by juvenile actors. Astington believes that the plays themselves offer the best evidence for the workings of a well-regulated company. As well, he reminds us that Alleyn played many characters drawn from the margins of European society, suggesting that Shakespeare's thoughtful forays into this arena (Shylock, Othello) may have been prompted by the Admiral's Men. A helpful appendix contains brief biographies of the principal actors from 1558–1660. An apprentice's contract is included among six illustrations. This important book sheds new light on early modern theatre practices, making it essential reading for scholars and students of Renaissance literature and drama.


The basic theorem proposed in Part I of the paper is applied to two-component plasmas. The relaxation between ion and electron temperatures, attenuation of low-frequency oscillations, diffusion and thermal conduction across a magnetic field, and relaxation of an anisotropic distribution of ion velocities are treated. The rates of these relaxations with exact numerical factors in the arguments of the Coulomb logarithms are obtained.


On April 2, the privately held and venture‐funded Nebula announced the release of Nebula One, a private cloud system based on OpenStack. Nebula One ...


Two distinct ways of using Kalman filters to address the problem of short-term urban arterial travel time prediction have been presented in this paper. One is to train a neural network by incorporating the extended Kalman filter. This approach utilizes the extended Kalman filter to find the optimal weight parameters of neural networks. The other is to use the extended Kalman Filter to solve a state space model which is used to describe the dynamic changes of urban transportation systems, and obtain accurate state estimation of traffic variables. The former one can be treated as data-driven approach without more comprehensive knowledge of traffic theories, while the latter is model-based approach requiring general formulation of traffic systems. An empirical data set collected from an urban street in Holland is used to compare the performance of these two ways


Effect of temperature on the wear property of thin lubricant film is studied as continuation of the studies reported before. When the temperature of lubricant film is raised the wear property of the film is in general decreased in proportion to the rise of the temperature, reducing to nil at the transition temperature of the boundary lubricating film. This point is known as the desorption temperature of the absorbed lubricant molecule. When the load is varied the wear property of the film also is decreased in the same way as reported before in Part 2 of this study. Discussions of the correspondency between the effects of load and temperature on the wear property of thin lubricant film are also given.


(1) The two reports from ships, reproduced and discussed in this Note, were communicated to me by Professor H. H. Turner (President of the Section of Seismology of the international Union for Geodesy and Geophysics), with the suggestion that they were worth bringing to the notice of workers on terrestrial magnetism.

I—(From Seismological Despatches, Georgetown, U.S.A., 1926, August 3., S.S. West Holbrook.)

"While the above-named vessel was entering the Gulf of Tokyo, 6:40 P.M. A.T.S. (apparent time of ship), on the above-named date, a slight tremor was felt, as if vessel was grounding. Vessel shivering and a noise was heard, as if touching a rocky ledge, but no reduction in speed could be noticed.

"Vessel heading at the time 328° P.S.C., 319° true. Deviation 3.°6 west on course.

"Bearings were immediately taken of Suno Saki Light bearing north 26° east true, and Merano Hana Light bearing north 93° east true; which placed vessel in latitude 34° 55′ north, longitude 139° 43′ 30″ east, and by chart in from 46 to 50 fathoms of water.

"From the above position to Yokohama, the ship's compasses were acting queerly, having on northerly courses a deviation of 0°.5 west; where before there had been 3° west.

"Upon arrival in Yokohama learned that an earthquake had taken place.

"The following morning, August 4, azimuths were taken for recording deviation. The compasses were still found to be out. On August 5 azimuths were again taken and compasses were now found to be back to normal."


A lock plate moves in a direction indicated by an arrow by the operation of a detent knob. A stopper plate to which a main body of an electromagnetic solenoid is fixed is designed to reciprocate between a lock position and an unlock position, the lock position being a position at which a stopper section confronts the lock plate and the unlock position being a position at which the stopper section evacuates from the lock plate. The stopper plate is normally urged toward the lock position by return springs. A cam member coupled to a plunger of the electromagnetic solenoid receives a force to move to the unlock position through the operation of the cam with respect to the lock plate. A resiliency of the return springs is set to a value smaller than a resultant force of a plunger attracting force of the electromagnetic solenoid and a resiliency of a trip spring that urges the plunger in a plunger attracting direction.


Leader-Member Exchange (LMX), Climate of Psychological Safety, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment are main fields to be paid attention in academic world, especially relative researches of LMX became more and more important in the past decade. On the other hand, there are a lot of researchers focus on the factors which affect organizational commitment, however, rarely papers were explored the relation among the above items. As a result, this research tries to clarify the factors and effects among the four items to be able to provide some advice help enterprises improve their performance and competitive advantages. During the process, we dispatched 400 questionnaires with 350 returned. After eliminating inappropriate ones, we have 275 effective questionnaires. The period to dispatch all questionnaires was from the end of April to the middle of May, 2011. The samples are included operators, engineers and employers in supporting departments such as human resource and sales from different industries. By using SPSS to analysis the questionnaire result, LMX, psychological safety, job satisfaction and organizational commitment are potential variables. Through the analysis procedure, it is able to test and verify the cause and effect among these variables. The statistical methods used are included factor analysis, reliability and validity analysis, descriptive statistical analysis correlation and regression analysis and ANOVA. The results are as below. 1.LMX, psychological safety, job satisfaction and organizational commitment have the effect relationship indeed. 2.Generally, the mediating effects of psychological safety and job satisfaction are not significant between LMX and organizational commitment. 3.The higher in psychological safety and job satisfaction, the more positive effects to organizational commitment in LMX style. 4.The population statistics variables have significant impacts to each variable in the research. To sum up the conclusions of this research, once team member recognize the higher LMX relationship, it will have the most impact to organizational commitment. Otherwise, the higher climate of psychological safety and job satisfaction in separate leadership, the more impact to organizational commitment.


The last drug developed for TB was rifampicin, which first came into wide use in 1971-72. But the 30-year intermission may soon be over: on the starting blocks are fluororoquinolones, a class of drugs that are effective against several mycobacteria. TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. "Fluoroquinolones might be quite strong for TB" says Mario Raviglione of Stop TB and WHO. Earlier this year, researchers led by P. R. Naranayan at the Tuberculosis Research Centre in Chennai, India, reported in the Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, 2002; 49:27-38 that they had successfully treated patients in just four months by replacing one of the four standard anti-TB drugs, ethambutol, with a fluoroquinolone called ofloxacin. The researchers treated patients with daily doses of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ofloxacin for three months, followed up with twice-weekly doses of isoniazid and rifampicin for an additional one or two months. Not only were the cure rates greater than 98%, but relapse rates were less than 5% in the two years following treatment. "If this study can be confirmed, perhaps with better, more powerful fluoroquinolones, it would already be a major advantage to TB control," says Raviglione. "This could come in three to rive years." "Ofloxacin is just a launching pad as replacement for ethambutol" in the standard DOTS therapy, says Bernard Fourie, Director of the Tuberculosis Research Lead Programme in South Africa. "Ofloxacin is essentially setting the scene for bigger work on more exciting fluoroquinolones such as moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin and levofloxacin." Rifamycins are another class of antibiotics that TB experts have their eyes on. One of the compounds, rifampicin, has been a cornerstone of TB treatment for decades. Now researchers are interested in some of its molecular relatives including rifabutin from Pharmacia Corporation, and rifapentine, which is manufactured by Aventis Pharmaceuticals and approved for TB in the United States. The newest class of broad-spectrum antibiotics, oxazolidinones, also show "very interesting activity against M. tuberculosis," says Giorgio Roscigno, Director of Strategic Development for the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development. Pharmacia Corporation recently received approval for linezolid, an oxazolidinone, for treating specific acute bacterial infections. Roscigno and other experts hope related compounds will be studied for TB as well. A compound dubbed PA-824 is also stirring up excitement. A member of a novel class of substances known as nitroimidazopyrans, PA-824 attacks M. tuberculosis on two fronts. It disrupts protein synthesis and cripples the ability of the pathogen to make a fatty acid needed for building the cell wall. In laboratory tests, the compound's one-two punch appears to be lethal to most versions of the microbe. "Its mechanism of action is sufficiently different from that of any other anti-TB drug that PA-824 kills drug-resistant cells, even strains resistant to six or seven anti-TB medications, at exactly the same level as it kills sensitive strains," says Bryan Walser, vice-president of corporate strategy at Chiron Corporation, a California-based pharmaceutical company. …


Force-free pulsar magnetospheres develop a large-scale poloidal electric current circuit that flows along open magnetic field lines from the neutron star to the termination shock. The electric current closes through the interior of the neutron star where it provides the torque that spins-down the star. In the present work, we study the internal electric current in an axisymmetric rotator. We evaluate the path of the electric current by requiring the minimization of internal Ohmic losses. We find that, in millisecond pulsars, the current reaches the base of the crust, while in pulsars with periods of a few seconds, the bulk of the electric current does not penetrate deeper than about 100 m. The region of maximum spin-down torque in millisecond pulsars is the base of the crust, while in slowly spinning ones it is the outer crust. We evaluate the corresponding Maxwell stresses and find that, in typical rotation-powered radio pulsars, they are well below the critical stress that can be sustained by the crust. For magnetar-level fields, the Maxwell stresses near the surface are comparable to the critical stress and may lead to the decoupling of the crust from the rest of the stellar rotation.


The invention provides a novel three-dimensional bus station. The novel three-dimensional bus station comprises a bus station main body and a non-motor vehicle underpass below the bus station main body. The three-dimensional bus station changes an original non-motor vehicle lane beside a bus station into a part of the bus station body, so that the bus station is directly connected with a footway, thus transversely widening the space of the bus station, and increasing the physical size of the bus station and improving the accommodating capacity and the service level of the bus station on the premise of not occupying too much urban space; the three-dimensional bus station arranges the original non-motor vehicle lane below the three-dimensional bus station in a form of the underpass, so that non-motor vehicles passing through the bus station run in the underpass below the bus station; the bus station is directly connected with the footway, so that passengers do not need to pass through the non-motor vehicle lane and can directly enter the bus station from the footway for waiting a bus, thus achieving effective separation of passengers getting on and getting off the bus from the non-motor vehicles; and the novel three-dimensional bus station solves the problem that at the conventional three-board road bus station, the bus passengers conflict with the non-motor vehicles.


some years ago i mentioned to Wayne Proudfoot what a pleasure it was to teach Religious Experience, if only to show a group of students how to develop an argument over the course of an entire book. Proudfoot shook his head and remarked that one reviewer praised the book as a helpful collection of essays. in the remarks that follow, i want to argue three points: 1) that Religious Experience is a remarkably tight argument, from beginning to end; 2) that the argument vindicates a methodological pluralism that was previously undervalued in the philosophical study of religion; and 3) that Religious Experience established a paradigm for the philosophical study of religion that remains the norm.


We have previously proposed the use of mass-limited, tin-containing laser plasma sources for EUV lithography applications. Here we report advances in measurements of the spectral output, conversion efficiency, and debris emission from these sources. We also report progress in the use of repeller field debris inhibition techniques for this source.


A microwave planar resonant sensor for the measurement of the complex permittivity in compact areas and thin layers of the material under test (MUT) is presented. Compared to transmission or reflection sensors, the adoption of a scalar 2-port measurement procedure reduces the cost of the system and improves its robustness. Compared to coaxial line sensors, a substantial cost reduction is achieved. The low cost of the sensor allows its use even in a disposable manner. Through the fullwave characterization of the probe a simple equivalent semilumped model of the interaction with the MUT has been derived along with a software calibration procedure. An excellent measurement accuracy in a wide range of complex dielectric permittivities is shown to be feasible.


The results of studying the productivity of hayfield depending on the weather conditions of the growing periods in the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russia are presented. The maximum productivity was obtained in warm and humid growing periods; in the conditions of insufficient moisture the yield decreases by 11–34 %, depending on hayfield management system. The use of mineral fertilizers leads to increase the resistance of hayfield productivity to adverse weather conditions.


Schedule generation method and apparatus is disclosed to perform the functions of the process control system herein. One of the example disclosed apparatus comprises a first interface, the first interface is configured to identify a first function related to a process control routine. The example apparatus also includes a sub-schedules generator, the sub-schedules a first generator configured to generate a schedule associated with the first sub-time period. The first sub-schedule indicates a first execution time, the execution time of the first, the first function to be executed. The example apparatus also includes a timeline generator, the generator is configured to schedule two examples of the first sub-schedule, the composition of the second time period associated with the schedule. The second execution time of the first execution time of the schedule and indicative of the first function to be performed.


Atrial myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors. More than 90% are solitary. A large myxoma occupying in the left atrium producing mitral stenosis and regurgitation was demonstrated by 2D echocardiographic images in this case. It remained asymptomatic for a long period with a survival up to the age of 75 years in an elderly female.


Debates concerning the issue of voluntary euthanasia often make reference to the 'sanctity of life' principle. For the purposes of this paper, euthanasia is taken to mean death brought about through medical means at the request of the patient, subject to prescribed safeguards and conditions. It is difficult to succinctly define the sanctity of life but, essentially, its proponents maintain that the taking of (human) life is intrinsically wrong, that this is a self-evident principle, and that this principle has a special and superior status compared to other ethical principles such as utility or respect for autonomy. Several arguments for the sanctity of life principle are analysed. Three asserted features of the principle are examined: the principle's ethical primacy, its special application to euthanasia, and its merit as a basis for legislation and codes of ethics. Supporters of legalised euthanasia typically assume that it would be performed by doctors, after consultation with psychiatrists, so the codes of ethics of the Australian Medical Association and the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists are cited. It is concluded that the arguments for the sanctity of life principle are inadequate. The principle is at odds with other key principles in the cited codes of ethics. Furthermore, it is plausible that the principle is not derived from rational deliberation. It should not be granted the status of an ethical principle but is more akin to a psychological state. As such it does not have merit as a basis for legislation or medical ethics.


Six Sigma is one of the best emerging approaches for quality assurance and management in automobile parts manufacturing. In this research, Quality Management tools such as COPQ analysis, Data Analysis, Pareto charts, Cause and Effect diagrams, Process Capability Study, Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA), Design of Experiments (DOE), Visual and Control Charts etc. are used in defining the problems in order to find the root causes for the problem and carrying out experiments in order to suggest improvements, through which the company could bring in Quality and Stability in their process. Two main reasons that strongly effect the product rejections are discovered. The new improved process is validated through a Pilot batch run. Using the six sigma method, the rejection percentage is reduced by 13.2% from the existing 38.1% of rejection. Further improvement in the rejection is expected in the long run after the continuous implementation of all the solutions.


In this study, lycopene TiO2 nanoparticles complex incorporated electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanocomposite membrane was prepared for azo dye degradation by electrospinning process. The material was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Membrane surface wettability, membrane performance and Congo red dye degradation were studied and the degraded products were identified by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. From the results, it was found that the 30% of lycopene TiO2 nanoparticles complex incorporated electrospun PAN nanocomposite membranes showed better surface wettability, pure water flux and antifouling property than the other membranes. These membranes also showed higher dye degradation efficiency than the other membranes due to better distribution and lesser agglomeration of lycopene TiO2 nanoparticles complex. Among the nanocomposite membranes with 30% of lycopene TiO2 nanoparticles complex, the membrane which was electrospun for 5 h showed higher membrane surface wettability, optimum pure water flux, higher recovery ratio and higher percentage of congo red dye degradation. Hence this membrane can be effectively used as a photocatalytic membrane to degrade azo dyes under visible light irradiation.


The use of bounding boxes hierarchy in collision detection is very important to improve the precision and to reduce the complication of calculation. This paper introduces the calculation,the intersect test and the method for the construction of oriented bounding boxes,and let it combine with a speeding up collision detection algorithm. Then the time-complication of the algorithm is discussed.


The polynomial chaos (PC) methods are employed in this paper to study the statistical properties of the shielding effectiveness of an enclosure with an aperture under uncertainties. The basic idea is to use a set of orthogonal polynomials to approximate the random process by expanding the analytical formula for the shielding effectiveness proposed by M. P. Robinson. Stochastic Galerkin and Stochastic Collocation methods are adopted to calculate the expansion coefficients with their results validated by the traditional Monte Carlo method. Stochastic Collocation method shows better efficiency over Stochastic Galerkin method, especially when multiple random parameters are considered.


Background Numerous protocols exist to counteract prolonged seizures during modified electroconvulsive therapy (mECT), such as anaesthetic adjustments and ventilation. Evidence on methods for deciding whether to continue with the next round of mECT after a prolonged seizure and to prevent recurrent seizures is currently not well established. Case Presentation The patient was a 76-year-old woman with major depressive disorder. She suffered from depressive symptoms such as decreased appetite, anxiety, and agitation. She was admitted to our hospital for mECT for the fifth time. The mECT was bilateral and started at 35% stimulus intensity, and effective convulsions were obtained for the first time. During the 8th mECT at the same intensity (35% stimulus intensity), an unexpected prolonged seizure of 966 s (over 16 minutes) occurred. The seizure was abruptly stopped with diazepam 10 mg and midazolam 2 mg. During the ninth mECT session, the stimulation intensity was increased to 50%, which resulted in effective seizures and no prolonged seizures. Subsequently, appropriate convulsions were obtained with the same stimulation intensity, and she completed 12 sessions. Her depressive symptoms improved, and she was discharged on the 45th day of hospitalization. Conclusion Prolonged seizures in mECT can be prevented by raising the stimulation intensity during the following cycle.


The removal of denser than water nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) trapped at residual saturation is an important problem at many contaminated groundwater sites. Because pump-and-treat technologies have been ineffective in removing DNAPLs, alternative strategies have been suggested, one of which is enhancing the mobilization and dissolution of DNAPLs by flushing with a cosolvent. Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)/methanol/water systems were studied to evaluate the effect of methanol on the remediation of PCE-contaminated porous media. Experimental measurements of interfacial tension, equilibrium phase composition, and phase density at various methanol/water fractions were combined with other published properties to characterize these systems. In methanol flushing experiments, PCE mobilization, non-equilibrium PCE dissolution, and flow bypassing were all observed. The results demonstrate that (a) small-scale heterogeneities may lead to locally high residual DNAPL saturations that are more easily mobilized than DNAPL residuals in homogeneous media ; (b) mass transfer rate coefficients for PCE/methanol/water systems can be predicted to within 30% using an existing correlation developed for systems with similar NAPL emplacement procedures ; and (c) flow bypassing, due to nonuniform distributions of DNAPL residual or dissolution fingering, can occur in even small-scale experiments.


Abstract : Four tantalum base alloys, one molybdenum base alloy, and one tungsten base alloy were evaluated. Mechanical properties were obtained by tensile testing at temperatures to 3500 F, stress-rupture testing to 3000 F, and bend testing to -320 F. A comparison shows that generally the mechanical properties obtained for each alloy approach or exceed the target properties established by the Alloy Requirements and Selection Group. (Author)


Introduction: Determining the dignity of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) by imaging procedures is challenging. Various CT-based criteria were evaluated. Patients and Methods: Preoperative CT scans from 47 patients with IPMN were analyzed. Predefined criteria of malignancy were compared between patients with benign (bIPMN; n = 28) and malignant (mIPMN; n = 19) tumors, and a summation score was determined. Results: Preoperative carbohydrate-antigen 19-9 levels were higher in patients with mIPMN (p = 0.013). The diameter of the main pancreatic duct was greater in patients with mIPMN (p < 0.0001). More patients with mIPMN showed bile duct obstruction (p = 0.0076), solid tumor components (p = 0.0076), contrast enhancement in cystic walls (p = 0.0086), peripancreatic lymph nodes (p = 0.0076), and abrupt diameter changes of the main pancreatic duct (p = 0.0008). The CT density of the cysts was higher in mIPMN (p = 0.0063). The diagnostic accuracy of the summation score (sensitivity: 0.84, specificity: 0.96) was greater when compared to each individual CT parameter. Conclusions: The prevalence and extent of various CT-based abnormalities are greater in patients with mIPMN, but the wide overlap limits the diagnostic value of each individual parameter. A simple summation score largely enhances the diagnostic accuracy.


The transport of platelets in blood is commonly assumed to obey an advection-diffusion equation. Here we propose a disruptive view, by showing that the random part of their velocity is governed by a fat-tailed probability distribution, usually referred to as a Levy flight. Although for small spatio-temporal scales, it is hard to distinguish it from the generally accepted "red blood cell enhanced" Brownian motion, for larger systems this effect is dramatic as the standard approach may underestimate the flux of platelets by several orders of magnitude, compromising in particular the validity of current platelet function tests.


Mosquitoes transmit major human diseases, resulting in millions of fatalities each year and the development of chemical insecticide resistance, leading to a rebound in vectorial capacity. Plants could be used as a mosquito repellent alternative. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocontrol potentiality of ethyl acetate extract of fruit pericarp of Alangium salviifolium against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. 100% larval mortality was recorded after 72 h of exposure with 50, 40 ppm, and 30 ppm concentrations of ethyl acetate extract against 3rd instar mosquito larvae. The bioactive compound responsible for larval mortality was isolated by TLC (Rf value of 0.33). 3rd instar larvae were found to be the most susceptible (LC50 = 3.60 ppm) among all the instars and corresponding LC50 values were 4.45 ppm and 4.52 ppm for 2nd and 4th instars larvae respectively after 72 h of exposure. The mortality rate of all larval instars was directly proportional to the concentration of bioactive compounds. Three-way ANOVA analysis revealed that larval instars, the concentration of bioactive compound, and time of exposure had a significant effect on larval mortality. In the bioactive TLC fraction of A. salviifolium (Rf value of 0.33), FT-IR spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of numerous functional groups. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of Benzoyl bromide and 3-Amino -5 (2-Furyl) Pyrazole in the extract. The compounds were also studied on non-target organisms such as Anisops sardea, 4th instar larvae of Chironomus sp. and Diplonychus annulatum, and in all the cases no abnormalities were recorded.


Abstract We placed 72 plasticine replicas of large and small snakes near a California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) colony in San Diego County, California. Ground squirrels aggressively confronted both large and small replica snakes. Ground squirrels were more aggressive when attacking small replicas relative to large. Ground squirrels bit the smaller replicas a greater number of times, concentrating their attacks near the head of the replica. Large replicas were attacked more frequently near the tail. From the results we conclude: 1) California ground squirrels recognize increased risk of attacking larger versus smaller snakes, and 2) use of plasticine replicas is an effective method to investigate antipredator behavior of prey.


Background: Osteometric dimensions of the femoral bone have significant clinical and anthropological implications. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data on these dimensions specific to the Bangladeshi population. This study aims to fill this research gap by analyzing the osteometric dimensions of the lower end of the femoral bone among a sample set in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in three medical colleges in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 50 dried femurs were collected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Osteometric measurements, including bicondylar width, medial and lateral condylar depths, intercondylar notch width, and intercondylar notch depth, were obtained using digital sliding calipers. Result: The study revealed notable differences in osteometric measurements between right and left femurs. For instance, 39.29% of right femurs had below-average Femoral Bicondylar Width (<65 mm) compared to 13.64% of left femurs. The mean Femur Medial Condylar Width was 31.05 mm with a standard deviation of 1.74 mm. Conclusion: The study provides valuable, region-specific osteometric data that has both clinical and anthropological implications. The findings are particularly important for the preparation of prosthetics and other supporting structures, which can be highly beneficial for both patients and medical practitioners.


Significance The basis of protein-folding cooperativity and stability elicits a variety of opinions, as does the existence and importance of possible residual structure in the denatured state. We examine these issues in a protein that is striking in its dearth of hydrophobic burial and its lack of canonical α and β structures, while having a low sequence complexity with 46% glycine. Unexpectedly, the protein's folding behavior is similar to that observed for typical globular proteins. This enigma forces a reexamination of the possible combination of factors that can stabilize a protein. The burial of hydrophobic side chains in a protein core generally is thought to be the major ingredient for stable, cooperative folding. Here, we show that, for the snow flea antifreeze protein (sfAFP), stability and cooperativity can occur without a hydrophobic core, and without α-helices or β-sheets. sfAFP has low sequence complexity with 46% glycine and an interior filled only with backbone H-bonds between six polyproline 2 (PP2) helices. However, the protein folds in a kinetically two-state manner and is moderately stable at room temperature. We believe that a major part of the stability arises from the unusual match between residue-level PP2 dihedral angle bias in the unfolded state and PP2 helical structure in the native state. Additional stabilizing factors that compensate for the dearth of hydrophobic burial include shorter and stronger H-bonds, and increased entropy in the folded state. These results extend our understanding of the origins of cooperativity and stability in protein folding, including the balance between solvent and polypeptide chain entropies.


In order to solve the problem of classroom use in manual states,in this paper,using use case diagram analysis the needs of users.It designs the system of classroom management and the database.The system uses ASP.NET2010 as the development platform and SQL2005 database as a background.The system has strong security and high work efficiency.It has been put into use in Jiangsu University of Science and Technology.


The invention is a device for displaying and managing information in a motor vehicle which is easy to handle and gives the user fast and intuitive indication made by the proper handling, that can concentrate on driving vehicle. Furthermore, an object of the invention is to provide a corresponding device. # The object is achieved with a method for representation and / or management information in a car, in which several activatable objects are represented by a display device arranged a ring shown in perspective and through an input device a graphic object is activated, and by means of a control device graphics data so generated that the activated graphic object moves carousel fashion to the forward position in perspective. The object is also solved by a device for implementing the method.


This paper introduces and discusses two analyses key to the design of the proposed US National Standard test for laser damage. These two analyses give the derivation of the requirements on laser fluence profile and spot size. Each of these two design parameters are linked directly to the accuracy of the test. The role of the laser profile is discussed. Specifically, the seminal role of the flat-top profile in ensuring the accuracy of the test result is derived. The implied loss of accuracy and specificity of the test result when a Gaussian beam is used for the test is derived. The second key test design parameter is the spot size which affects the accuracy of the observed rate of damage. The accuracy of the observed rate as function of spot size is derived. Using this formulation rules for the selection of spot size and test length are given. Alternate strategies for observed damage rate corrections, so-called "dead time" corrections, are introduced and discussed.


This study describes the process carried out to report on the configuration of professional subjectivities by analyzing the narratives of four Colombian English Language (EL) teachers as Non Native English Speaking Teachers (NNESTs), and their relation to language policies. Historically, language policies in Colombia have been designed not taking into account the needs, desires and experiences of the people involved in their application, especially teachers. Consequently, it is my aspiration that the stories portrayed in this study might shed light on the policy making, and somehow, guide the people who have the responsibility to generate them. Considering my personal experiences, the literature produced in the field of subjectivities, NNESTs and Native English Speaking Teachers (NESTs) dichotomy, and subjectivities, I was able to identify that not much research work integrating those three fields have been made in Colombia, gap which this study pretends to help to fill up.  This is a qualitative-narrative study in which I used focus groups, written narratives and narrative interviews as instruments to collect data from the participants who belong to different universities and schools in Colombia. Their stories were analyzed using the Short Story Analysis approach (SSA) and the results allowed me to identify a main category; Re-creating the self: an entangled, changeable and enduring process which shows how the subjectivities of the teachers are influenced by others; the processes of acceptance or rejection that these teachers go through when configuring them, and the role played by knowledge and reflection.


The intestinal absorptive cells of adult hamsters which have been pretreated with intraperitoneal injections of horse ferritin or subcutaneous injections of ferritin‐adjuvant mixture show a marked absorption of this protein when it is introduced into ligated segments of the intestinal lumen for periods up to three hours.


In apomixis asexual reproduction,the ovule generates embryogenesis without meiosis or fertilization,leading to embryo development and seed formation. Apomicts inherit the mother's genotype entirely,and therefore have unique significance in research and breeding. Polyembryony,in which nucellar embryos develop from nucellar tissue to undergo apomixis,is a unique phenomenon of Citrus and other genera of Rutaceae. This review focused on the phenomenon of adventitious embryony in Citrus and recent progress in histocytology and genetics. Nucellar embryony hinders the formation of hybrid offspring in Citrus,but it can produce offspring with good unity and can also be used for generating virus-free seedlings.


Autologous feeder cells have been developed by various methods to minimize the presence of xenogenic entities in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) cultures. However, there was no systematic comparison of supportive effects of the feeder cells on hESC growth, nor comparison to the supportive effects of various feeder-free culture systems and standard mouse feeder cells. In this study, we aimed to compare the supportive abilities of autologous feeders derived either directly from H9 hESCs (H9 dF) or from outgrowth of embryoid body predifferentiated in suspension from H9 hESCs (H9 ebF). Mouse feeder system and matrigel-mTeSR1 feeder-free system were used as controls. H9 ebF was found to secrete more basic fibroblast growth factor in the conditioned medium than H9 dF did. The undifferentiated state of H9 hESCs was sustained more stably on H9 ebF than on H9 dF, and the differentiation potential of H9 hESCs on H9 ebF was higher than on H9 dF. We concluded that H9 ebF was an optimal autologous feeder to maintain the long-term undifferentiated state of hESCs in our current culture system. This study helps to standardize the autologous culture of hESCs. It also suggests a more definite direction for future development of xeno-free culture system for hESCs.


The goal of this project was to determine if the double star's angular separation and position angle measurements could be successfully measured with a motor driven, alt-azimuth Dobsonian-mounted Newtonian telescope (without a field rotator), and a digital single-lens re- flex (DSLR) camera. Additionally, the project was constrained by using as much existing equip- ment as much as possible, including an Apple MacBook Pro laptop and a Canon T2i camera. This project was additionally challenging because the first author had no experience with astro- photography.


The side bands and fine structure on the Cr 31 emission lines from a series of Cr 3+ -activated spinel compounds were used to investigate the relationship of structural order to luminescence properties. Spectra were measured at temperatures from 80 to 298 K on stoichiometric and defect magnesium aluminate and magnesium gallate spinels prepared at 1400°C and reacted in hydrothermal vessels at various temperatures and a water pressure of 100 MPa. Structural disorder has the effect of broadening and smearing out the phonon fine structure of the Cr 3+ emission. The luminescence linewidths begin to broaden at low levels of structural disorder.


Abstract : Battlegroup sparing is an inventory strategy that can significantly reduce the initial outfitting costs of a weapon system by greatly reducing the range and depth of spares required to outfit individual ships. This strategy moves low demand items from shipboard spare part inventories to intermediate level inventories which support an entire battlegroup. This thesis extends the techniques of Readiness Based Sparing (RBS) and proposes a method for defining suites of spares at both the shipboard and battlegroup level which augment each other to achieve a desired level of system readiness while realizing the efficiencies of battlegroup sparing. To evaluate the impacts of this strategy, this thesis develops a computer simulation, which can be utilized to evaluate the budget and readiness impacts of applying this or any other inventory strategy to a weapon system. The methodology proposed by this thesis was then applied to the Cooperative Engagement System (CES), reducing initial outfitting costs by nearly 50%, an overall savings of over thirty million dollars in scarce outfitting funds.


PURPOSE: We aim to understand cellular and microenvironmental determinants of chromosomal instability in prostate cancer and use these findings as prognostic biomarkers portending aggressive disease. Disease transitions during prostate cancer progression are accompanied by bursts of chromosomal instability (CIN), including chromosomal translocations, oncogene amplifications, and chromothripsis. While high CIN correlates with most metrics of aggressive disease, we lack a mechanistic understanding of how CIN originates in prostate cancer. Recently, we discovered that low Gleason score, primary prostate tumors lack centrosomes, cytoplasmic organelles that ensure the fidelity of chromosome segregation by organizing the shape of the mitotic spindle. Experimental elimination of centrosomes in immortalized, non-tumorigenic prostate cell lines was sufficient to generate extensive CIN resulting in oncogenic transformation of these lines when sub-cutaneously injected into NSG mice. Because we identified centrosome loss as a potential driver of CIN, we sought to understand mechanisms that can trigger centrosome loss in the prostate. Although centrosome loss naturally occurs during the development of some tissues, for example centrosome elimination during oogenesis, the mechanisms that trigger loss are not known. Therefore, we first investigated microenvironmental changes in early prostate cancer as a potential cause. Hypoxia, pathologically low oxygen concentration, is common in the aging prostate due to loss of vasculature and is associated with poor prostate cancer prognosis and high CIN. Therefore, we hypothesized that hypoxic exposure induces centrosome loss in prostate cells. Indeed, we found that exposure to 1% oxygen concentrations leads to progressive centrosome loss in non-tumorigenic, immortalized prostate epithelial cell lines. Using functional assays in cultured cells, we found that hypoxia-induced centrosome loss is an active disassembly process mediated by confluence-dependent Hippo signaling but independent of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) transcription. We conclude that hypoxia-induced centrosome disassembly is a plausible driver of CIN in early prostate cancer. At present, we are developing immunohistochemistry assays to identify centrosome loss and hypoxia in biopsy samples to confirm these discoveries. Recently, we have described a combinatorial staining pattern (GLUT3/GLUT1/CA-9) that reliably identifies hypoxic tissue in patient-derived xenografts from prostate tumors. We are coupling this with a new assay to identify the structural component of the centrosome, called the centriole, which is identifiable during both mitosis and interphase. Together, our in situ assays will allow us to determine the penetrance of hypoxia-induced centrosome loss and its association with aggressive prostate cancer.
 Citation Format: John M. Ryniawec, Gregory C. Rogers, Anne E. Cress. Mechanism of hypoxia-induced centrosome loss in early prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2023 Mar 15-18; Denver, Colorado. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A016.


This paper proposes a theory of the Þorður Kakali, which is a part of the huge Sturlunga Saga compilation. This text, which the compiler shortened to include only the middle years, 1242–1250, was not a saga recounting the entire life of Þorður (Pronounced Thordur) until his death in 1256, but a political pamphlet written to explain his actions and to justify his domination over Iceland. It was written when he was at the height of his power and ended before his departure from Iceland in 1250, which put an end to his political ambitions.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate empirically that differences in characteristics of entrepreneurs result in benefits from different elements of a regional incubator programme. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use mixed methods consisting of in-depth interviews and a survey of 100 incubatees in order to study entrepreneurs within a specific incubator programme called the Growth Factories located in Region Zealand, Denmark. Findings – The authors find that there are significant differences in the perceived benefit of various business incubator elements for incubatees depending on their entrepreneurial characteristics. Research limitations/implications – Future studies are particularly important in order to learn which elements provide the different kinds of entrepreneurs with a critical factor in determining their success or failure. Practical/implications – The conclusions have importance for regional government and development managers aiming at designing new business incubat...


The present research work was aimed to establish bi layer tablets containing Metformin HCl as sustained release and Glimepiride as immediate release layer for diabetes therapy. Sustained layer of the tablet were prepared by wet granulation method using different polymers of HPMC K 100M and ethylcellulose as bio adhesive polymers and immediate release layer were prepared by direct compression using super disintergrants such as sodium starch glycolate. Tablets were evaluated for both pre compression and post compression parameters. In-vitro drug release from the formulations was studied by dissolution method. The result showed that optimization of polymers namely HPMC and Ethyl cellulose in sustained layer can control the release of drug. The physico – chemical property of the finished product complies with the standard limit. The obtained were fitted into higuchi's models, zero order, first order and korrsmeyer-peppas. The present study concluded that bi-layer of Glimepride and Metformin HCL can have a good to extent metabolism and as an alternative to the conventional dosage form.


Peasant Uprisings in Seventeenth‐century France, Russia, and China by Roland Mousnier, translated by Brian Pearce, London: Allen and Unwin, 1971. Pp. xx + 358; £4.50.


In order to improve the level of forage harvester automation and reduce damage, blockage and efficiency, based on the principle of minimum energy, fuzzy prediction theory and external characteristics of power, the mathematical model of the whole machine and each operating unit is established, and a set of forage harvester operating load adaptive feedback control system is designed; in order to make the power more scientifically and effectively distributed in real-time, the system adopts the simplified algorithm of operating unit efficacy threshold load splitting optimization control, with constant power and high efficiency. In order to make the power distribution more scientific and effective in real-time, the system adopts the simplified algorithm of operating unit efficacy threshold load splitting control to increase the load threshold of cutting and other operating units under constant power conditions, so that the operating efficiency of the whole machine can be improved. In the simulation test, the efficacy chopping load threshold ratio is about 1.08:1.01:1 for the three operation control methods of optimized control, fuzzy predictive control and PID control of the forage harvester, with 40% of the original feeding amount perturbation applied respectively. production efficiency was significantly improved.


Background: Targeting immune checkpoints is a novel and growing strategic approach in cancer therapy. This strategy may trigger irAE. We hypothesize that more patients (pts) will develop irAE with ICI targeting only immune cells compared to ICI targeting tumor cells as well (PD-L1). In addition, we want to determine specific irAE profile and overall response rate (ORR) for each of the ICI by target(s). Methods:We reviewed all ICI cancer clinical trials (103; 201 arms) that reported irAE and were published on PubMed or presented at an ASCO meeting (only if not published on PubMed) during 2005-2015. 127 arms from 81 trials were eligible for this meta-analysis (11400 pts). We collected and compared arm-specific data including ICI target, number of pts with irAE any grade, grade 3+ and grade 5, specific irAE, and ORR. R package "meta" was used for the meta-analysis to calculate and compare % of pts with irAE and ORR. Results: 23 studies with 2392 pts from 34 arms treated with ICI reported the incidence (%) of patients with any grade irAE per immune checkpoint target inhibition. The majority of arms (91%) and pts (88%) studied were on phase 1/2 clinical trials. Pts were treated for solid malignancy on 33 arms (97%), mainly melanoma (44.1%). No arms included ICI combinations. Incidence (%) of pts with irAE any grade was higher with ICI targeting CTLA-4 (54%) than PD-1 (26%) and PD-L1 ICI (13.7%) (P <0.001). % pts with irAE grade 3+ was higher with ICI targeting CTLA-4 (19%) than ICI targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 (P <0.001). irAE grade 5 was not significantly different among different ICI (<1%).


AbstrcatDifferential pulse stripping voltammetry analysis for simultaneous determination of Pb and Cd by isochronous mercury plating method in NH_4Cl supporting electrolyte is reported. The stripping peak potentials are -0.472V and-0.672V (vs.Ag/AgCl) respectively. The peak shape is good and the inference is little. This method can be used in simultaneous determination of content of Pb and Cd in tea samples.


Background and Purpose: This paper introduces a method for assessment of static safety by using the combination of adapted VTA and SIA methods and a resistograph. The aim is to assess the static as reliably as possible and without the need for expensive equipment. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method for the static assessment which could be applied in practice in the future. Materials and Methods: Seven trees in the Botanical Garden of the Faculty of Science (University of Zagreb) were selected for the assessment of vitality and static safety. It has been detected that those trees were affected by possible indicators of decreased vitality, such as fungi fruiting bodies on the root collar or trunk, dead branches, growth malformations, burrs, dead bark etc. The selected trees were: Fagus sylvatica L. »Purpurea Tricolor«, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Acer pseudoplatanus L. »Leopoldii«, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., Quercus petraea L., Quercus phellos L. and Salix alba L. The static stability of the said trees was assessed using a combination of the following three methods: i) adapted VTA (Visual Tree Assessment) method; ii) SIA (Static Integrated Assessment) method; iii) resistograph measurement using IML-Rezi F-300. The height of each tree was measured using the Vertex device, while their diameters were measured using a measuring band. The trees were examined for external symptoms indicating their vitality. The crowns were observed using the Pentax XCF (12x50) binoculars. Afterwards, based on the basic data on the trees, the minimum thickness of sound wood (SW) necessary to maintain the static safety was determined using a computer program. The obtained data were then used to determine the manner in which and the place where the diagnostic instruments shall be used. Results and Conclusions: Based on the knowledge of the subject trees and the measurement of their diameters and heights, SW, as well as the basic safety of trees was determined using the SIA method which was 140% to 410%. For all selected trees, the required safety was 100%, so SW minimum requirement for intact wood ranged from 4.4 cm for the maple to 9.4 for the oak. The resistograph measurements of the 7 assessed trees established that four complied with the requirements, while the American ash, the white willow and the sessile oak were decided for cutting down. The decision was made based on the median measured values, which were below the threshold determined by the SIA method. The sessile oak demonstrated the highest non-compliance, since it scored only 37.0% of the value required for intact wood. The willow scored 48.7%, while the ash scored 62.5%. The results of the resistograph measurement were compared to the r/R ratio. Those results show that there was no difference between the two methods, although the weak point of r/R ratio could be clearly shown in relation to future decay development in measured trees.


Protein malnutrition is considered a primary risk factor for the development of visceral leishmaniasis (VL); however, the immunological bases of this association are mainly unknown. This thesis aims to determine the effects of protein malnutrition in the thymus and spleen of BALB/c mice infected with L. infantum. The animals were fed with control (CP, 14% protein) or low-protein (LP, 4% protein) diet. After seven days of diet, each group was divided in two and one of them was infected with L. infantum (CPi, and LPi). The diets were maintained after infection and animals were euthanized after 14 post-infection. LPi animals showed a moderate malnutrition and a significant decrease in thymus and spleen weight. This was accompanied by a reduced serum levels of IGF1 and Leptin, and hepatic IGF1, showing the expected patterns of protein malnutrition. In addition, malnutrition induced a significant increase in the splenic parasite load of infected animals. Malnutrition and infection induced damage to the thymic architecture, causing changes in the distribution of laminin and fibronectin, and a reduction in the secretion of various cytokines and chemokines such as IL-12, CCL5, CXCL12, IGF1, CXCL9 and CXCL10 into the thymic interstitial fluid, suggesting that the entrance of progenitors into the thymus and intrathymic maturation and migration can be compromised in these animals. Quantitative proteomic analysis of this fluid allowed the identification thymic secreted proteins and revealed the importance of exosomal proteins in the thymus physiology. Proteomics also revealed that metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation and β-oxidation of fatty acids are potentially involved in the proliferation and differentiation of LPi thymocytes. Malnutrition also induced a drastic disorganization of splenic architecture including a severe reduction in the number of follicles, as well as a significant decrease of pro-inflammatory and chemotactic molecules in the splenic interstitial fluid of LPi animals (IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-12, IGF1, CCL5, CXCL12, CXCL10 and CXCL9), which is related to the increased splenic parasitic load. Proteomic analysis of splenic interstitial fluid revealed increased abundance of proteins related to oxidative stress suggesting an imbalance in the oxidant/anti-oxidant state in LPi animals. On other hand, proteins with decreased abundance were mainly involved in the pentose phosphate pathway and purine synthesis suggesting potential defects on splenocytes proliferation. Also, a decreased abundance of proteins associated with proinflammatory response and chemotaxis was observed in the splenic interstitial fluid, supporting the molecular data obtained in the LPi group. In summary, we identified new elements in the pathogenesis of VL both in the thymus as the spleen that contribute to the understanding of the increased susceptibility to develop VL when a malnutrition condition pre-exists.


Stable localized roll structures have been observed in many physical problems and model equations, notably in the one-dimensional (1D) Swift–Hohenberg equation. Reflection-symmetric localized rolls are often found to lie on two "snaking" solution branches so that the spatial width of the localized rolls increases when moving along each branch. Recent numerical results by Burke and Knobloch indicate that the two branches are connected by infinitely many "ladder" branches of asymmetric localized rolls. In this paper, these phenomena are investigated analytically. It is shown that both snaking of symmetric pulses and the ladder structure of asymmetric states can be predicted completely from the bifurcation structure of fronts that connect the trivial state to rolls. It is also shown that isolas of asymmetric states may exist, and it is argued that the results presented here apply to 2D stationary states that are localized in one spatial direction.


ABSTRACT This article presents an overview of quasi-experimental research that has investigated the performance of individuals engaged in the forensic psychological technique commonly known as criminal profiling. Recent conflict in the literature is examined with the result that, consistent with earlier findings, empirical evidence is found to support the capabilities of expert profilers in decisively surpassing nonprofilers in accurately predicting the characteristics of an unknown offender. Observations are offered in conclusion on the broader ramifications of these findings for competing theoretical approaches to criminal profiling.


It is shown that the particular form of the mass current in 3He-A found by Cross (1975) is equivalent to a phenomenological assumption that the current depends only on the traceless part of the tensor Omega ij introduced by Mermin and Ho (1976) to describe spatial variations of the order parameter. An equation of motion for Omega ij is derived in terms of the vector C introduced previously by the author (1975) to describe temporal variations of the order parameter. The appropriate generalizations of curl nu s=0 and the quantization of circulation for 3He-A are derived in terms of Omega ij, and the nature of possible singularities is discussed.


On the Correlation between Plankton Volume and Transparency in the Neighbouring Seas of Japan R. Marumo (Oceanographical Section, C. M. O.) Abstract: Generally speaking, reciprocal correlation exists between volume of plankton sampled by net and transparency observed at the same time. The correlation is hyperbolic when the transparency is between 20m and 36m. However, for the transparency values lower than 2Om the corresponding plankton volumes fluctuate widely, while, where ,transparency is higher than 36m, the plankton catch is small and the volume remains rather constant regardless to the clearness of water.


Background: Climate change has continued to pose a global concern, as the resulting effect of the increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continues to have significant consequences on the planet and its inhabitants.
One of the major sectors contributing to the greenhouse effect is the healthcare sector, however, it is one of the sectors that has been overlooked and under reported.
Objective: This article aims at reviewing the carbon footprint of healthcare facilities in Nigeria and its impact on climate change, while highlighting important and effective strategies towards addressing it.
Methods: Data was obtained through a systematic review of available research articles obtained online via PubMed and Google scholar search engines, using the key words; climate change, healthcare facilities, global warming, and carbon footprint.
Results: Effective policy and regulatory frame works are essential towards addressing the carbon footprint of healthcare facilities; however a lot of gap still exists in curbing the effect of GHG emissions by healthcare facilities in Nigeria, as majority of healthcare facilities in Nigeria still rely significantly on the combustion of fossil fuels for generation of power due to its epileptic electrical power supply.
Conclusion: There is great need in addressing the effect of the carbon footprint of healthcare facilities on climate change. This can be achieved through the use of renewable energy technologies like solar and wind power, as well as the use of energy conservative measures such as the use of LED lighting and High-efficiency Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems.


The Ibo, the predominant ethnic group in the former Eastern Region of Nigeria, which seceded and became Biafra, numbered eight or nine million persons before the war. Like many other ethnic groups in Africa, the Ibo did not exist as a self-conscious and unified community prior to the colonial period. Commentators usually assume that the Ibo now share a common cultural orientation. However, it seems unwarranted to suppose that a people who lived in approximately two hundred autonomous village groups prior to the colonial period would have necessarily renounced all cultural differences when embracing an Ibo identity.1 Characterizations of the Ibo usually emphasize their exceptionally positive orientation toward development and modernization. According to Simon Ottenberg, "The Ibo are probably most receptive to cultural change, and most willing to accept Western ways, of any large group in Nigeria."'> In their attempts to account for the remarkable transformation of the Ibo, who in forty years propelled themselves out of the isolation and im-


ABSTRACT In this paper, a method of metro-passenger path extraction based on mobile phone data is presented. Paths that differ from theoretical optimal paths derived from the shortest-path model are identified as detours. According to transfer times or the effect on passenger flow of the metro network, two classification methods for detours are proposed. Based on analysis of one-month mobile phone data in Shanghai, China, 10.45% of trips are identified as detours. Without considering detours, the accuracy of the theoretical model in predicting passenger flow by segment is only 69.43%. Detours with as equal transfers as on theoretically optimal paths (ETs) occur mainly at the stations far away from the city center. Detours with more transfers (MTs) occur in the center city. Detours with fewer transfers (FTs) occur in stations on the loop line. To alleviate congestion on the metro network, FTs should be encouraged and others should be discouraged.


Sugar as a movement in basic material and energy,its importance is reflected not only in endurance sports,other sports,a reasonable premium sugar can also improve performance.Of sugar to fill the sports practice and the impact of sugar in the meeting reviewed the application for a more in-depth study on sugar and the relationship between the movement.


Pupil center recognition and location is an essential branch of ergonomics. It can be applied to emotion analysis and attention judgment. How to get the position of the pupil center from eye photos is the core of this field. Previous studies provided a helpful method, using scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) to extract relevant features and combine them with the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier. However, this method's accuracy is not satisfying, and under some conditions, it will be position drift and other problems. We put forward a new idea to solve it by using Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) features and Random Forest (RF) classifies. It is proved by experiment that our method improves the robustness of localization and the use of isophotes yields low computational cost, allowing for real-time processing. Meanwhile, we found that the ORB and RF are nearly as good, yielding an accuracy of 92.88% (BioID database).


type="main"> This paper provides new evidence on the long-standing question of whether more affluent households save a larger fraction of their income. The major difficulty in empirically assessing the relationship between incomes and saving rates is to construct a credible proxy for long-run income—purged of transitory fluctuations and measurement error. The Canadian Family Expenditure Survey provides us with both unusually good data on savings rates and potential predictors with which we can construct reliable long-run income proxies. Our empirical analysis suggests that the estimated relationship between saving rates and long-run incomes is sensitive to the predictor used to proxy long-run income. Nevertheless, our preferred estimates indicate that, except for poorest households (who simply do not save), saving rates do not differ substantially across predicted long-run income groups.