Below‐ground nematodes are important for soil functioning, as they are ubiquitous and operate at various trophic levels in the soil food web. However, morphological nematode community analysis is time consuming and requires ample training. qPCR‐based nematode identification techniques are well available, but high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) might be more suitable for non‐targeted nematode community analyses. We compared effectiveness of qPCR‐ and HTS‐based approaches with morphological nematode identification while examining how climate warming‐induced plant range expansion may influence below‐ground nematode assemblages. We extracted nematodes from soil of Centaurea stoebe and C. jacea populations in Slovenia, where both plant species are native, and Germany, where C. stoebe is a range expander and C. jacea is native. Half of each nematode sample was identified morphologically and the other half was analysed using targeted qPCR and a novel HTS approach. HTS produced the highest taxonomic resolution of the nematode community. Nematode taxa abundances correlated between the methods. Therefore, especially relative HTS and relative morphological data revealed nearly identical ecological patterns. All methods showed lower numbers of plant‐feeding nematodes in rhizosphere soils of C. stoebe compared to C. jacea. However, a profound difference was observed between absolute and relative abundance data; both sampling origin and plant species affected relative abundances of bacterivorous nematodes, whereas there was no effect on absolute abundances. Taken together, as HTS correlates with relative analyses of soil nematode communities, while providing highest taxonomic resolution and sample throughput, we propose a combination of HTS with microscopic counting to supplement important quantitative data on soil nematode communities. This provides the most cost‐effective, in‐depth methodology to study soil nematode community responses to changes in the environment. This methodology will also be applicable to nematode analyses in aquatic systems.


The radiocrystallographic study of the oxides of Yb showed the existence of YbO. The crystal belongs to the cubic face-centered system and its parameter is a == 4.86 plus or minus 0.02 A. It is of the NaCl type. The radius of the bivalent Yb ion is 1.08 A. (J.S.R.)


The homing endonuclease I‐PpoI is encoded by an optional third intron, Pp LSU 3, found in nuclear, extrachromosomal copies of the Physarum polycephalum 26s rRNA gene. This endonuclease promotes the lateral transfer or "homing" of its encoding intron by recognizing and cleaving a partially symmetric, 15 bp homing site in 26s rDNA alleles that lack the Pp LSU 3 intron. The open reading frame encoding I‐PpoI has been subcloned, and the endonuclease has been overproduced in E. coli. Purified recombi‐nant I‐PpoI has been co‐crystallized with a 21 bp homing site DNA duplex. The crystals belong to space group P3121, with unit cell dimensions a = b = 114 Å, c = 89 Å. The results of initial X‐ray diffraction experiments indicate that the asymmetric unit contains an enzyme homodimer and one duplex DNA molecule, and that the unit cell has a specific volume of 3.4 Å3/dalton. These experiments also provide strong evidence that I‐PpoI contains several bound zinc ions as part of its structure.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of leisure flow on exercise addiction and leisure satisfaction of Golf participation. As the participants of this study 352 golf participants in golf ranges were selected by random sampling method. Analysis of covariance Multiple Regression Analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results were as follows. First, effort flow, concentration flow and attachment flow factors of leisure flow had an effect on exercise addiction, and attachment flow had an effect on emotional attachment of exercise addiction. Second, concentration flow and attachment flow had an effect on leisure satisfaction, and effort flow had an effect on social and rest satisfaction. Third, withdrawal symptoms, need for exercise and emotional attachment of exercise addiction had an effect on psychological and social satisfaction, and emotional attachment of exercise addiction had an effect on rest and environmental satisfaction.


A novel modified dumbbell shape electromagnetic bandgap structure (EBGSs), trapezoidal slotted dumbbell shape EBGS, has been introduced. Very wide stopband and improved low-pass performances have been reported for particular designs using them. These designs are compared with conventional dumbbell shape EBGS. Trapezoidal slotted dumbbell pattern has shown very attractive performance with very sharp attenuation and significantly reduced ripple heights in insertion loss curve.


By means of a case study and the results of a large student survey, this paper will highlight the importance of sustainability and illustrate how sustainability was integrated into the introductory business law core course at the Seidman College of Business course. Hopefully the insights and experiences with sustainability implementation will be of value to other faculty members who are contemplating the incorporation of sustainability into their courses.


Two donor–acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers, PQx and PphQx, composed of alkylthienyl-substituted benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDTT) as the electron donor and the new electron acceptors quinoxaline (Qx) or phenanthrenequinoxaline (phQx), were synthesized with Stille cross-coupling reactions. The number-averaged molecular weights (Mn) of PQx and PphQx were found to be 25.1 and 23.2 kDa, respectively, with a dispersity of 2.6. The band-gap energies of PQx and PphQx are 1.82 and 1.75 eV, respectively. These results indicate that, because phQx units have highly planar structures, their inclusion in D-A polymers will be a very effective method for increasing the polymers' effective conjugation lengths. The hole mobilities of PQx and PphQx were determined to be 5.0 × 10−5 and 2.2 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. A polymer solar cell device prepared with PphQx as the active layer was found to exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.03%; thus, the introduction of phQx units enhanced both the short circuit current density and PCE of the device. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2804–2810


Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic impacted access to health facilities. Methods We assessed the number of blood smears sampled in the emergency department (ED) among all blood smears performed for malaria in Reims University Hospital before and after 2020. Results We showed a decrease in the number of blood smears performed after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, but only in 2020. The seasonal increase of cases during summer was preserved. All blood smears positive for malaria in 2020 were sampled in the ED. Conclusions The ED played a key role in the diagnosis of malaria with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.


Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain major infections around the world. As not all viral infections are preventable, serological assays play a critical role in diagnoses, therapeutic monitoring, and treatment of these infections. The Thermo Scientific™ MAS™ Omni™ Infectious Controls are a family of controls containing single or multiple analytes in human plasma-based matrix designed to mimic patient samples in the assessment of serological assay performance. One of the greatest challenges within the field of Infectious Serology testing is method variation amongst the semi-quantitative assays. As an example, a result that is considered a low positive on one analyzer, may be considered a high positive on a different analyzer. Therefore, platform agnostic Quality Control material will provide evaluation among different methods. Quality Controls may also be developed to focus on certain platforms based on "fit-for-purpose" applications. We report here the development and performance evaluation of the MAS™ Omni Infectious Controls - For Use with Siemens Assays.

 Two new MAS™ Omni Infectious Controls were developed and characterized to be added to the existing catalog of MAS™ Omni Infectious Control Products. MAS™ Omni Infectious BSI (Bloodstream Infectious) Positive Control Panel—For Use with Siemens Assays* is a multi-constituent IVD quality control containing anti-HIV-1/2, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, and anti-HTLV I/II antibodies, as well as Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that was developed for the Siemens Assays platform. The new product has been adapted from the existing BSI Positive Control Panel* by increasing the titer of HBsAg while decreasing the titer of anti-HBc and anti-HCV. MAS™ anti-HBs Positive Control - For Use with Siemens Assays* was developed for the assessment of assay performance detecting anti-HBs on the Siemens Assays Platform. The new product has been adapted from the existing anti-HBs Positive Control by increasing the titer of anti-HBs. Development and performance evaluations were performed on SIEMENS™ and non- SIEMENS™ platforms. Shelf life of the products are determined by accelerated, real-time stability, open vial, and in-use monitoring.

 Two new MAS™ Omni Infectious Controls were developed and evaluated to be specifically used on the Siemens Assays Platform. Both products demonstrated acceptable performance on the SIEMENS™ Centaur™ and Abbott™ Architect™. Stability studies demonstrated a minimum of 24- or 12-months shelf life, 30 or 60 days of open vial stability, and 8 hours of in-use stability when stored at 2–8°C, respectively. Additionally, the studies demonstrate a basic understanding of method variation within Infectious Serology test methods.

 Two new MAS™ Omni Infectious Control products that mimic patient samples have been developed for the assessment of assay performance on the Siemens Assay Platform in the clinical laboratory for anti-HBc, anti-HCV, and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). These reliable and stable control materials will better support the assessment of serological assay performance on the Siemens platforms.
 *Availability of product in each country depends on local regulatory marketing authorization status


The Neutral Meson Spectrometer (NMS) is currently being built at LAMPF. This spectrometer is designed to obtain approximately 300 keV resolution, thus facilitating nuclear reaction and structures studies which require the identification of specific discrete states. In the summer of 1992 the two arm assembly (one converter plane and a complete calorimeter in each arm) was tested. Using this assembly, IAS data were collected for {sup 13}C, {sup 48}Ca, {sup 18}O and {sup 208}Pb for zero degrees scattering. These data show remarkable improvement over data obtained with the already existing {pi}{sup 0} spectrometer. In this talk the IAS spectra obtained using NMS will be compared against old {pi}{sup 0} spectra and the authors expectations of its performance in 1993 will be discussed.


The purpose of this study is to examine the factors of cosmetics purchasing behavior of cosmetics for adolescents. This study was conducted through a survey of 278 people, and the IBM SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical processing. The results of this study are as follows. First, adolescents tend to collect information necessary for purchasing cosmetics through the Internet, and purchase cosmetics directly by visiting cosmetics stores. Second, adolescents usually purchase cosmetics once or twice a month, and prefer products in the range of 10,000 to 20,000 won. The most important thing to consider when purchasing cosmetics is skin condition. Third, regarding the purchase of cosmetics, adolescents have a greater influence on their peer group. And the female group is more affected by the appearance and skin factors than the male group. The higher the cost of spending a month in cosmetic products and their interest in peer groups they are, the greater the number of purchases of cosmetics Adolescents tend to increas. Fifth, the higher the price of the cosmetics and the appearance factor they are, The higher the cost of purchasing cosmetics per month adolescents tend to spend. The results of this study can be used as basic data to understand cosmetics purchasing behavior and planning cosmetic sales strategies for adolescents.


The article is devoted to an urgent problem of clinical psychology -psychological factors and mechanisms of symptom formation of psychopathology in connection with the intensively developing concept of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is understood as a special meta-ability consisting of hierarchically organized abilities of perception, understanding and regulation of emotional conditions, which realizes its functions through a special activity. The main objective of the activity is the most exact and effective reflection of one's and another's emotions so that people successfully manage purposes and problems of another, more general activity (for example, professional, activity of dialogue, experience). The research objective is the analysis of the structure, features and infringements of emotional intelligence among patients with affective spectrum disorders (depression, anxiety and somatoform disorders) and schizophrenia in comparison with emotional intelligence of healthy examinees. The main research methods are experimental (the author's techniques directed to estimating perception of emotions), psychodiagnostic (the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test MSCEIT) and mathematical-statistical. The received results visually show that with mental disorders total disintegration of emotional intelligence is not observed: separate components of the given functional system remain safe, and concrete infringements of emotional intelligence, as viewed within the syndrome analysis approach accepted in Russian tradition, can be qualified as primary and / or secondary. It was shown that with depression and anxiety disorders the main emotional intelligence impairment is a deficit of emotional regulatory systems. With somatoform disorders the regulatory component of emotional intelligence is also disturbed, but the symptoms of emotion disregulation are rather secondary to the stronger impairments of emotion understanding with their perception intact. The data conforms the conception of alexithymia as a phenomenon inherent in psychosomatic patients. With schizophrenia the primary impairment is a deficit of the emotional intelligence perception component. Accordingly, comprehension and regulation impairments are secondary. In whole, methodical instruments used in current work and the syndrome-analysis principles realized in data interpretation show their adequacy in researching emotional intelligence characteristics and impairments (in the sphere of mental disorders). From a practical point of view it is necessary to notify that primary and secondary impairments of the emotional intelligence activity can become 'targets' for psychotherapy influence.


Adrenal venous blood was collected from hypophysectomized plateaued female rats immediately following intravenous injection of ACTH. The ascorbic acid concentration of the adrenal venous blood, of systemic blood, and of the adrenal gland before and after administration of ACTH was estimated. The increase in adrenal venous ascorbic acid concentration during the period of cannulation (on the average, 9.0 min.) was related linearly to the log dose of ACTH over the range, 0.01 to 0.10 mu./lOO gm., with a standard deviation(s) of 2.12, a slope (b) of 20.0, and an index of precision (λ) of 0.106. A biological assay method based on this response was proposed for the assay of ACTH in blood. The absolute increase in adrenal venous ascorbic acid was significantly greater (P <.O5) than the loss in adrenal ascorbic acid during the period of cannulation, suggesting that ACTH had increased the rate of biosynthesis as well as the rate of secretion of adrenal ascorbic acid. A simplified technique for collection of adrena...


This specification discloses steel building components, such as hollow thin-wall studding and corrugated steel sheet, having novel means integrally formed therewith by which wall and floor surface elements such as plaster, cement and concrete, may be attached to the components. Several forms of attachment means are disclosed. One form comprises an anchoring loop formed by raising a narrow strip between two slits in the sheet steel forming the studding or corrugated steel sheet. Another form is a combination of the loop and a locking prong in line therewith, the loop serving to support a reinforcing element, such as metal lath, in spaced relation to the studding or to the corrugated steel sheet and the prong serving to lock the metal lath to the raised loop. Another form comprises an inverted T-shaped tab, struck from the metal sheet and bent normal thereto. The base of the tab serves to support metal lath in spaced relation to the steel studding or to the corrugated steel sheet and the end portion of the tab is bendable to lock the metal lath to the base of the tab. Rolling apparatus and a method for forming the steel studding and the various attachment means is also disclosed.


At present, from the overall perspective, development and application of building information model (BIM) technology starts late in our country, construction procedures, the scale is not perfect, system and technology policy, laws and regulations system has yet to be established; localization of single key technical reserves and integrated technical system of building a body of research and application are required to further deepen, the concept of BIM design needs further guidance, Bim and technological cooperation and exchange at home and abroad to be in full swing, the popularization and application of BIM Technology, still need to strengthen the propaganda, vigorously support, actively promote. I stand in the big data, cloud computing information new era and intelligent society cusp, shoulder BIM Technology dissemination, enablers historical mission.


Plasmid pCINod1 carrying attP of a lysogenic rhizobiophage and the nod genes was constructed. Inoculation of a conjugation mixture of Escherichia coli harbouring pCINod1 and a nodulation-defective Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii strain resulted in formation of root nodules on white clover. Rhizobium transconjugant strain CNH1 isolated from these nodules had integrated pCINod1 into its chromosome. The light and electron microscopic observation of the nodulation process revealed that the nod genes on the chromosome of strain CNH1 were completely functional.


Critical appraisal conclusion: Periodontally compromised patients are at higher risk post-operative infection, marginal bone loss (peri-implant disease) and implant failures in comparison to periodontally healthy patients. The clinical significance and implications of the results of this review should be interpreted with caution due to lack of controlling important confounding factors such as smoking habits that is known to influence the incidence of post-operative infections, peri-implant disease and implant failures.


The aesthetic qualities of flowers are now consciously exploited by man. They are used to beautify and decorate the inside of homes and jobs, either as cut flowers in vases or as flowers grown in pots indoors and accounting inspiring sights and joy to the viewer. Phalaenopsis orchid is one of the most important orchids grown for commercial production Because Of Their beautiful flower shape, graceful inflorescence and fragrance. Normal 0 21 false false false RO X-NONE X-NONE


This study is aimed to study the relationship between school culture and learning among female high school students in the schools of Saveh Province. In order to achieve the goal of study, the sample size based on scientific principles and sample size formula was 125 persons who were selected among 3710 female high school students by using relative stratifiedrandom sampling method. The toolsused in the research include Neefe's learning questionnaire and school culture questionnaire and descriptive, analytical statistics, Pearson correlation test, Spearman correlation test and t test were done and the following results were achieved: Findingssuggest that there is a significant positive relationship between school culture and students' learning and there is no significant difference between students of public and private schools in terms of school culture and learning.


China has emerged as the largest investor in Sub-Saharan Africa. Chinese capital has funded numerous projects in various sectors of African economies, especially in the extractive industries. China has also become Africa's largest trading partner and Beijing's development assistance has increased significantly. Yet, while the region celebrates the discovery of a new "partner in development", a debate has emerged about the long-term implications of Chinese investment for governance in the region. Unlike western capital which comes with intrusive human rights and governance-related conditionalities, China de-emphasizes these conditions in line with the principles of the "China-Africa Partnership" and in the process encouraging authoritarian governance. This article makes two central arguments: Beijing's engagement with SubSaharan Africa is motivated more by a preservation of China's national interest rather than a genuine desire to assist Africa, and China's current policy of condoning bad governance is a recipe for future conflicts and ultimate retardation of development in the region. The study is informed by the realist approach which sees states as motivated largely by a desire for self-preservation and the protection of national interests in the conduct of international relations. It analyzes China's growing interest and investments in the region and demonstrates that the development of African host economies is tangential to the overriding objective of deepening Chinese influence in Africa in a post-cold war era.


he Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region, with elements of four of the world's '34 Biodiversity Hotspots' is a significant reservoir of rich biodiversity that hosts many globally significant transboundary landscapes, each Twith extraordinarily varied ecosystems, unique species assemblages and rich genetic diversity. It is also home to millions of poor and marginalized communities who strongly depend on the rich biodiversity for their subsistence livelihoods. Untill 2007, the regional member countries of the HKH have established 488 protected areas covering 39% of their richer land for conservation objectives (Chettri et al, 2008). Many of these protected areas are small, scattered and isolated without the connectivity necessary for larger mammals using these protected areas as their habitat range. Considerable number of these protected areas are transboundary in nature expanding contiguously to two or more countries. However, the conservation measures including the issues and policy perspectives differ with countries. To address such differences the global communities are advocating ecosystem/landscape approaches in conservation seeking cooperation among the countries sharing such complexes. Realising the pressing conservation challenge of balancing the environmental preservation and the needs of the people, the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) initiated the 'transboundary biodiversity management' in the southern half of Khangchendzonga Landscape (KL) that spreads across parts of Bhutan, India and Nepal. The KL conservation initiative was inspired from the directives of the seventh Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) that recommended the 'Ecosystem Approach' to biodiversity conservation, advocating the use of participatory community-based resource management, environment protection across larger landscapes and promotion of regional and international cooperation. Building on to the existing but 'inadequate' conservation measures of protected areas system in the KL, ICIMOD advocated 'conservation corridor' model that linked 'isolated' protected areas with the surrounding habitats, promoting the establishment of contiguous landscapes while allowing human activities on sustainable basis. Realising regional cooperation as a key to achieving environmental and economic sustainability among the countries sharing this complex, ICIMOD and its partners developed a 'Regional Cooperation Framework' to customize global CBD agenda to a regional level harmonising national policies and legislation towards effective management of this transboundary complex. The framework while serving as a foundation towards building the regional cooperation also paved way to facilitating the landscape level conservation in the KL. This article shares the strategic process involved in developing the conservation corridors in the landscape and points towards the need for further regional cooperation in bringing effective biodiversity management in the HKH region as a whole.


Ultra-low-power and Ultra-low voltages are the stringent requirements for small-size battery-operated devices. This paper proposed Variable Gain Amplifier(VGA) using Dynamic Threshold MOS transistor (Combined Bulk-Gate Driven-DTMOS). The basic building block of the analog circuit operational transconductance amplifier(OTA) was designed with DTMOS as the first stage with cascaded current mirror as a load. The second stage utilized the Miller Capacitance Compensation method for stability. The closed-loop configurations with multiple capacitances at the input side are utilized for variable gain. The simulation was performed in a 180nm technology node with power dissipation of 8.35μW, gain range 19.9dB-35.25dB, Bandwidth 5.16kHz, and Gain Bandwidth Product(GBW) 353kHz. The Monte Carlo simulation was performed for process and temperature variation.


Recently, a patchwork-based audio watermarking scheme has been proposed in [1], which embeds watermarks by modifying the means of absolute-valued discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients corresponding to suitable fragments. This audio watermarking scheme is more robust to common attacks than the existing counterparts. In this paper, we presents a detailed analysis of this audio watermarking scheme. We first derive a probability density function (pdf) of a random variable corresponding to the mean of an absolute-valued DCT fragment. Then, based on the obtained pdf, we show how watermarking parameters affect the performance of the concerned audio watermarking scheme. The analysis result provides a guideline for the selection of watermarking parameters. The effectiveness of our analysis is verified by simulations using a large number of real-world audio segments.


A cumulative sum (CUSUM) of Q statistics was previously proposed for detecting shifts in the process mean when the parameters of the process distribution are unknown, such as in start-up processes and short runs. This CUSUM scheme is modeled on the classic CUSUM procedure for detecting a shift in the mean of a normally distributed process. The design constants derived to give the classic CUSUM optimal performance in detecting a shift of a given magnitude, however, are not optimal for detecting the same shift with the CUSUM of Q statistics, because the derivation of these design constants does not account for the distribution of the Q statistics following a shift. The extent of the suboptimality is greater the earlier the shift occurs. In this article, improved design constants for the CUSUM of Q statistics are obtained by using a search procedure in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulation.


Ezetimibe seems fated to remain a controversial drug. Initially, when this drug was discovered and then belatedly launched, no one knew how it worked. It was an acyl cholesterol acyl transferase inhibitor that happened to lower cholesterol levels in animal models - unlike the others which did not and have later failed conspicuously in human trials (1). This upsets the purists of object-orientated rational drug design who dominate the product development bureaucracy of the pharmaceutical industry. Clinicians were initially dubious about it - it did not offer the power of a statin, but many were becoming worried about the increasingly high rate of side effects seen with higher doses of statins.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of complete vaccination up to the second dose on the mobility of the population to recreational and retail areas that describe tourism activities, to examine the effect of population mobility to recreational and retail areas on the occupancy rate of hotel rooms and to examine the factors that influence the level of high and low the rating value of a hotel or other accommodation service that describes the level of satisfaction with hotel services in East Java. Inferential statistical methods used are time series analysis with ARIMAX, Pearson Correlation Analysis and Ridge Regression Analysis. The data used is a combination of Big Data and Official Statistics. Big Data is obtained from scrapping results in Google Mobility Index (GMI), the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, and www.tiket.com as well as official statistics sourced from the Central Boards of Statistics Indonesia (BPS). Based on the results of ARIMAX, it can be concluded that complete vaccination up to the second dose affects the mobility of the population to recreational and retail areas that indicate tourism activities, then based on the results of the Pearson correlation, it can be concluded that there is a strong and positive correlation between the mobility of residents to recreational areas and room occupancy rates hotels in East Java and based on the Ridge Regression analysis, it can be concluded that there is a positive influence of price appropriateness, cleanliness, service, facilities, and location on consumer ratings that describe the level of satisfaction with hotel services in East Java and the dimension that has the most influence on the level of hotel satisfaction in East Java is price appropriateness


Abstract Rainer Knopff's scholarship on Canadian constitutionalism has offered some of the most trenchant criticism of the exercise of judicial review under the Charter, yet his theory has largely been misunderstood (as has that of his frequent co-author F. L. Morton). This article exposes two prominent critiques of Knopff's constitutional writings as straw man arguments and provides a republican account of his constitutional theory. The first straw man argument is that Knopff supports a majoritarian or populist conception of direct democracy. This claim is belied by Knopff's embrace of representative democracy and institutions structured to encourage reflexive deliberation. The second straw man argument is that Knopff is a moral rights skeptic. Knopff's rights skepticism is a legal skepticism about the determinacy of many rights that is merely a function of his inclusive legal positivism. The article concludes by reflecting on the republican lessons that Knopff's constitutional scholarship continues to offer, including how holding legislatures responsible for settling reasonable disagreements about legally indeterminate Charter rights might help counteract the twin threats of populism and juristocracy.


Between March and July of 1994, the period just before and after the death of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, I was doing fieldwork among Lubavitch women in Crown Heights, New York, and in Morristown, New Jersey, home of the Lubavitch Rabbinical College. Most of the women I encountered said they believedor at least hopedthat their Rebbe would not die, but would rather emerge"rise up" was the expression they usedas the Messiah. While attending their study sessions and prayer gatherings and visiting them in their homes, I inadvertently discovered that a new ritual object was emerging in the women's community: a "Miriam's tambourine." Because a tambourine is a prosaic object, evoking folk concerts and children's rhythm training, it was not initially clear to me that this object, in the context of the Lubavitch women, possessed spiritual agency. In this essay, I attempt to narrate, in the form of a chronicle, various forms of spiritual work that the tambourine performed for Lubavitch women. Speaking broadly, I observed that the tambourine enabled the creation of women's bonds; it channeled anxiety and creative energy, and it released the women from boundaries of time and place as they identified with the biblical Miriam and the confident ancient Israelite women who had gracefully saved the day when their husbands quarreled, complained, despaired, and withdrew from procreation. The tambourine eased women across a threatening transition, guiding and assuring them, and creating a locus for divine-human intersection.


Research has shown ample evidence for reciprocity between depression and disability. We examined whether decreases in disability among low‐income, homebound older adults who received brief depression treatments were mediated by improvement in depressive symptoms and vice versa and whether the mediation effects varied by treatment modality.


We consider unsteady flow of a micropolar fluid through a porous medium bounded by a semi-infinite vertical plate in slip-flow regime. A uniform magnetic field acts perpendicular to the porous surface which absorbs the micropolar fluids with a suction velocity varying with time. The free stream velocity follows an exponentially increasing or decreasing small perturbation law. Using approximate method the expression for the velocity microrotation, and temperature are obtained.


Objective:To investigate the factors affecting in vitro transfection efficiency mediated by chitosan(CS) using the enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid(pEGFP) as reporter gene.Methods:pEGFP/CS nanoparticles were prepared by the complex coacervation method.The effects of the molecular weight of CS,N/P ratio,particle size of the nanoparticles,pH of transfection medium and the presence of serum on transfection efficiency were investigated in HEK293 cells.Results:The transfection efficiency of pEGFP/CS nanoparticles was found to be highest when the molecular weight of chitosan was 5 KDa or the pH of transfection medium was no more than 6.8.Moreover,the transfection efficiency was independent on the particle size in the range of 230 to 1 290 nm and was enhanced by the increase of N/P ratio.Furthermore,the presence of serum had no impact on the CS-mediated transfection efficiency.Conclusion: The molecular weight of CS,N/P ratio and pH of transfection medium were the important factors which would affect transfection efficiencies mediated by CS.Low molecular weight and water-soluble CS was advantageous to improving transfection efficiency.


Observations in brucellosis in human beings have indicated that the simultaneous administration of streptomycin and sulfadiazine is more effective therapeutically than when either drug is given alone.1Experimental studies with infected fertilized hens' eggs have also supported this conclusion.2Furthermore, it has been shown experimentally that the combination of streptomycin and sulfadiazine acts synergistically against the three species of Brucella.3In the initial communication from our clinic on the treatment of human beings with the combination, 9 patients were included in the study.1cThe results were more satisfactory than had been obtained with any other form of therapy up to that time at the University of Minnesota Hospitals. A subsequent report embraced a total of 17 patients treated with streptomycin and a sulfonamide drug.4 Continued experience with this combined therapy in brucellosis in human beings has provided further evidence that it constitutes a satisfactory form


We will present the advantages of the single-crystal-fiber (SCF) concept and review the main results obtained in ultrashort multi-stages Yb:YAG SCF amplifiers for high average power (100W) and high energy (mJ) regimes using Divided-Pulse-Amplification technic.


The World Health Organization recently released guidelines on the use of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for prevention of HIV infection among men and transgender women (TGW) who have sex with men based on results of randomized clinical trials. The aim of this commentary is to discuss the opportunities and challenges of incorporating PrEP into the Brazilian continuum of HIV care and prevention for men who have sex with men (MSM) and TGW.


We present the image segmentation model using the modified Allen–Cahn equation with a fractional Laplacian. The motion of the interface for the classical Allen–Cahn equation is known as the mean curvature flows, whereas its dynamics is changed to the macroscopic limit of Lévy process by replacing the Laplacian operator with the fractional one. To numerical implementation, we prove the unconditionally unique solvability and energy stability of the numerical scheme for the proposed model. The effect of a fractional Laplacian operator in our own and in the Allen–Cahn equation is checked by numerical simulations. Finally, we give some image segmentation results with different fractional order, including the standard Laplacian operator.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have rapidly progressed over the years, they are now applied in health care systems, home automation, security surveillance, disaster management and more. With this rapid growth in the number of users and applications leading to WSNs becoming increasingly complex, this growth makes high demands on WSNs to provide the requirements of every user and application that uses them. They have recently been envisioned to be integrated into Internet of Things (IoT), their role will be to provide sensing services to the ever increasing community of internet users. However even with so much potential, WSNs still experience issues in node deployment, fault tolerance, scalability and Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning amongst others. In this paper we propose to improve QoS provisioning by introducing Software Defined principles into WSN technologies.


The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of E. coli contamination of Cheddar cheese through the application of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) principles. Cheese samples were analyzed for E. coli and coliforms after production, during the validation stage, as well as at the verification stage. Average E. coli and coliform counts were analyzed statistically using the t-test. Results showed that after the implementation of the corrective measures there was a decrease in E. coli and coliform counts at the 5% level of significance. Results presented in this study also show that manufacturing Cheddar cheese whole observing high standards of hygiene improves the reduces E. coli and coliform contamination of the product, even though the problem is not completely eliminated.


This perceptive book provides, for the first time, an up-to-date comprehensive study of pharmaceuticals – one of the most profitable and dynamic industries in the world.


It is generally assumed that a significant proportion of the drunken drivers suffer from alcoholism. However, this assumption is difficult to verify because of lack of suitable methods. An attempt was made to estimate the extent of alcoholism among almost 400 consecutive drunken drivers. The information given by the driver was checked against the data from the files of the social welfare (bureau of alcohol and drug abuse) and against some chemical tests related to alcohol abuse. In 18% of the cases aspartate aminotransferase, in 21% alanine aminotransferase, in 18% gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity and in 16% serum urate concentration were increased. About half of the cases showed drinking of at least one bottle of liquor (about 150 g ethanol) at the same time mainly during weekends. However, only 13% ingested alcohol every or every second day. About one third of the drivers was previously arrested for drunkenness and punished for driving while intoxicated. The reliability of the laboratory results and their correlation with those obtained by interview and from the official files in revealing alcohol abuse are discussed. The present results indicate that heavy drinking is a common problem among arrested drunken drivers in Finland. (TRRL)


1 The role of nitic oxide (NO) derived from l‐arginine in the regional vasodilator effects of endothelin‐1 has been investigated in anaesthetized, spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats in which autonomic reflexes were abolished by ganglion blockade. The experimental design incorporated animals infused with phenylephrine to mimic the peripheral vasoconstrictor effects of the NO biosynthesis inhibitors and a single dose per animal paradigm to obviate problems of tachyphylaxis to the vasodilator effects of endothelin‐1. 2 Infusion of the inhibitor of NO synthase, N‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine (l‐NMMA) at a dose (5 mg kg−1 min−1) which maximally raised blood pressure did not influence either the fall in blood pressure or the vasodilator responses induced in the hindquarters and carotid vascular beds by endothelin‐1 (1 nmol kg−1, i.v.). The duration (but not the initial magnitude) of the vasodepressor response to endothelin‐1 was however significantly attenuated (by 49%) during infusion of the more potent inhibitor of NO synthase, NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME), 2 mg kg−1 min−1. 3 Increasing the dose of l‐NAME to 10 and 25 mg kg−1 min−1 significantly attenuated, but did not abolish, the falls in blood pressure and hindquarters vasodilator responses to acetylcholine, 1 μg kg−1, and endothelin‐1, 1 nmol kg−1 min−1. The effects were selective in that vasodepressor responses to the endothelium‐independent vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, 1–10 μg kg−1 min−1, were unaltered. 4 The data indicate that NO generated de novo from l‐arginine mediates a significant component of the vasodilator effect of endothelin‐1 in the anaesthetized, ganglion‐blocked SH rat. However, a major component of the vasodepressor effects of both endothelin‐1 and acetylcholine may occur independently of this mechanism.


THE BROADmission assigned topublic health istobeconcerned aboutany condition orcircumstance that adversely affects health orwhich, conversely, positively promotes health. Itfollows that theresponsibilities andmethods ofpublichealth arenodifferent inthefield of chronic respiratory disease thantheyare inthefields ofinfectious disease control, environmental sanitation, orcancer control. Icould terminate my presentationatthis point sofarasthis audience isconcerned andaskwithconfidence thateachofyouspendthenext19 minutes thinking ofyourownresponsibilities andthepossibilities ofapplying comparable methods tothecontrol of chronic respiratory disease. Butwe haveencountered a fewdifficulties in applying these principles anditmaybe helpful formetotell youabout them. Public health organizations areresponsible fordefining thepublic health problems ofchronic respiratory disease. Thisentails identification andclassificationofthespecific disease conditions, andalsothedetermination oftheincidence andprevalence, andtheeffect onthemofsuchfactors asage,sex, geography, race, socioeconomic status, occupation, pollutant exposure, and smoking history. Itisalso ourresponsibility toexamine trends bothinterms ofrateofoccurrence andintermsof thenatureandseverity ofeachofthe diseases andconditions. Inaddition, we should evaluate theimportance ofthese diseases toourcommunity intermsof theburdentheyconstitute forour citizens. Someofthesebasic responsibilities maybeillustrated byexamples. Figure 1 presents theage-adjusted mortality ratesby degree ofurbanization for whitemales, United States, 1949-1951,


Two studies were done to reassess the influence of word length on recognition thresholds. In the first, length varied from 3 to 11 letters while word frequency varied over three levels. The main effect of length and the interaction of length by frequency were not significant. The second study used only low-frequency words with length varied over four levels. No statistically significant effect of length was found. The present results are integrated with previous work via a two-process theory of the effect of length: word length influences recognition thresholds if the words are unfamiliar, but not if they are familiar. Early in the study of word recognition, Cattell (1886) found that visual recognition thresholds are lower for words than letters and that words in a prose passage can be read almost as fast as a list of letters. In their original paper on the effect of word frequency, Howes and Solomon (1951) reported that word length did not affect recognition thresholds in their experiment. However, they did find that words with many letters per syllable had higher recognition thresholds than words with short syllables. Three papers are commonly cited as evidence that (a) increasing word length linearly increases thresholds for English words and (b) the effect of word length decreases as a function of word frequency. That is, length has its greatest effect for low-frequency words. The studies of McGinnies, Comer, and Lacey (1952) and of Postman and Adis-Castro (1957) both used the same list of English words. Both studies employed four levels of word length and five levels of frequency, but only 20 words - only 1 word for each combination of length and frequency. Part of speech was not controlled in assembling this word list. No matter how random the sampling scheme employed to obtain these words, a conclusion based on single words in each cell of a 4 X 5 matrix is open to suspicion. These two studies were totally within-subject designs. Both reported a significant main effect of word length and a significant interaction of length by frequency. In this type of experimental design, if the interaction term is


This paper aims to establish a baseline for how citizens evaluate the EU nearly a decade into the economic and transnational migration crisis. We will use a newly assembled Eurobarometer representation file (1993-2014) to examine whether mass publics have changed the basis upon which they evaluate the EU's performance. The primary question at hand is whether the current crisis is viewed by citizens mainly through the lens of economic issues, as much prior research would lead us to expect (Anderson 1998; Eichenberg and Dalton 2003) or whether the flares in nationalist cross-border skirmishes between, say German and Greek politicians, reflect a deeper nationalism that resonates with European publics when they evaluate the EU. \


The presenting appeal to the poetic heritage of the medieval mystic poet, emir, sheikh al- Makzoun al-Sinjari (c. 1188–1240) is undertaken for the first time in Russian oriental studies. The proposed translation from the Arabic fragment of his poetic work "Divan" is supplied with an introductory article giving an idea of the degree of study in world science of the literary and theological work of this Nusayri figure. Based on the analysis of the specific terms, a conclusion is made about the deep Sufi roots of the poetry of Makzoun. In the poem, the central concept is loving intimacy to God - a connection or coupling (wasl, wisal) with a clear erotic connotation. This meaning approach it to the biblical book "Song of Songs", where the deep love relationship of the human soul and God is also clothed in an erotic form rich in metaphors. Makzoun relied in his poetry on samples of Arabic love lyrics transferring them to the realm of God-seeking. As a representative of Sufism, Makzoun uses words in special meanings, for example, the designation of the "parts" of the heart or soul – qalb, fu'ad. Some concepts (sabr, hizn, wajd, qabd, bast), in addition to the basic meanings, can denote "stations" (makamat) on the spiritual path of a Sufi. The religious meaning of the love qasida is revealed for one practicing in a mystical Muslim way, acquiring a special religious content. Fragments from Makzoun 's "Divan" may have been performed at Sufi musical festive gatherings or may have been part of a Nusayri religious practice.


As major healthcare systems begin to offer patients virtual visits, they're going to affect physicians, both employed and independent. So it's time to sit up and take notice of what's happening in the marketplace. Here's what to expect and how telehealth may change your practice.


N. Boneff Astrvnom !! Deparatm ent Univevsity of Sopliin, Sophia, Bulgaria One should say, first of all, that we see lunar craters whose dimensions a re appreciable. These craters are, according to us, of volcanic origin. As for the very small craters, they could be of meteoritic origin, because, after all, meteorites fall on the lunar surface just as they do on earth. The impact effects of meteorites on the lunar surface a re enhanced by the absence of any t rue atmosphere. The smaller craters which result from this, on the other hand, a r e better preserved on the moon than on the earth. We must not look fo r "unity at all costs" in nature. Nature is complicated. The volcanic eruption observed by N. A. Kozyrev in the latter par t of 1958 confirms the volcanic hypothesis. The absence of such observations in the past was the principle argument in favor of the meteoritic hypothesis of the origin of craters. We have shown that the distribution of craters on the lunar surface was not controlled by chance. This is, of course, an argument against the meteoritic hypothesis. We have taken into consideration not only the visible hemisphere of the moon as a whole, but also two lunar quarters taken separately on which we base some theoretical results in the field of probability. From the point of view of astronautics, our conclusions a re optimistic. If the meteoritic hypothesis of the origin of craters were true, i t would obscure the horizons and the perspectives of astronautics. O u r results show tha t the space in the environment of the earth is relatively "clean." The techniques which we have elaborated upon rest properly with the "probability of causes,'' a very important aspect of the theory of probability. Practical problems when applied to the "probability of causes" can be presented in the following form : Is a given result due to chance or does i t have a cause? The answer which the theory of probability can give us is not actually decisive but i t can, however, furnish several important indications. The definitive solution of a problem can only be obtained by appropriate methods pertaining to this problem area. We have used in our publications the solution of the following problem : Find the probability p snch tha t the angular distance of two points taken


self to sketch developments of the second and early third centuries a little more fully. Within the limits he has set, the author has compressed a large amount of factual information and thoughtful judgement into a small compass, all expressed and expounded with commendable clarity. The result is a most useful little book, which attractively discusses not merely the formal machinery of constitution and administration but also the characteristic political conceptions of the Romans. One of its most valuable features is that it is well abreast of recent work on the subject (unfortunately the author apparently has not had access to J.R.S. later than xxxiv (1944) and thus could not avail himself of articles by H. Last on the Servian reforms and imperium mains). Two strange bibliographical omissions are A. H. J. Greenidge's Roman Public Life and M. Hammond's The Augustan Principate. Some of the notes might have been made more useful by the inclusion of slightly more information, e.g. on p. 429 n. 25 we find references to articles by G. De Sanctis and P. Fraccaro on the early development of the centuriate organization and army, but no hint is given that Professor Meyer in his text (pp. 24 ff.) follows the chronology of the former and not of the latter; little extra space would have been required to indicate what belongs to F. and what to De S. The book contains many interesting suggestions and hints (to take an early example, on the influence of the Patres on the King; pp. 24 and 189), and in a work which covers so wide a field every reader will have his private list of doubts and desiderata (e.g. Did the plebeians enter the Senate only through the magistracies at the end of the fifth century? Should not a little more have been said about C. Gracchus' work for the enfranchisement of Italy and colonization in Italy and a little less on his alleged reform of the Comitia ? Was the land-law of c. 121 really a death-blow to the agrarian legislation of the Gracchi ? Should the grant of consular power to Augustus in 19 B.C. be introduced as a fact without any discussion? Might not the significance of the establishment of the aerarium militate, and indeed of the political influence of the army under the Empire have been emphasized more strongly, etc.). But more significant than such points of detail is the fact that Professor Meyer has written a clear and stimulating introduction to an important subject on which the number of handbooks is by no means large.


In spite of its comparatively smaller proportion, microconstituents exert unique effects in liquor that could not be replaced by other chromatographic components and their existence is not only absolutely necessary but also a determinative factor to liquor style and liquor quality.


This paper discusses a model for the harmonic analysis of full bridge diode rectifiers in Wireless Power Transfer Systems (WPTSs). The proposed model is based on an iterative algorithm which identifies the zero crossing of diodes currents, including the threshold voltage, the state-dependant differential resistance and the parasitic capacitance of diodes. The algorithm has been solved in MATLAB and the results of the analysis of a email@example.com WPTS in different load conditions are compared with PSIM simulations and experimental results.


This examination is bacground by three problems. First, students capable less to write argumentative opus, second, students don't have ability to pour  idea in form argumentative opus, tird use methode not interesting, this examination have gaal to description the ability to write argumentative opus students class x senior high school Negeri 1 Pasaman with use modeling technic, kind of examination is kuantitative examination with descriptive methode, population of this examination students x class SMA Negeri 1 Pasaman have 245 students, the sample of examination have 37 people, from produce examination can know that ability to write argumentative opus students class x SMA Negeri 1 Pasaman with modeling technic are, first to indicator 1 (make the reader is believe) to get mean 98,22, perfect gualification, second indicator II (prave the truth one statetment) to get mean 93,86 with good gualification, third indicator III (change the reader opinion) mean 88,46 with better, generaly the ability to write argumentative opus students class X SMA Negeri 1 Pasaman with modeling technic qualificationis very good has mean governance student 93,24.


The year 1999 marked the beginning of the Necessary School Educational Project in the Fe y Alegria Schools in Venezuela. The development of this project has led to the need to produce curricular proposals that respond to current needs. To this end, a methodological procedure characteristic of action research was used. The conclusions show that the collective construction of a curricular proposal demands knowledge of the context and the development of the process of observation of real events, of selfand co-evaluation of the teaching act and of the collective planning of teaching teams, which help develop reflexive attitudes on practice for its improvement, transformation and theorization. We therefore recommend that the initial and in-service teacher training programs include topics on the development of reflexive attitudes on educational practice and methodological tools and theoretical elements for research and analysis. We also ratify the importance of promoting self-evaluation in educational institutions to generate discussion on the practice, planning, and development of collective action.


Affinity interactions between molecules constitute this amazing and mysterious world of the human-living earth. At the level of individuals, affinity interactions are fundamental for the paramount functions and exquisite architectures of all organisms in life, for the occurrence and development of diseases, for the therapy-associated diagnosis, pharmaceutics and medicine (and cutting-edge regenerative medicine), and for the environment-life interplayed sphere. At the level of cells, affinity interactions function critically throughout every facet of every cells (e.g., division, differentiation, and motility), between cells (e.g., communication, aggregation, immune response), during organogenesis and organ maintenance. At the level of molecular events, affinity interactions allow the cells to make DNA package (nucleosome, chromosome), to perform precise DNA replication and timely DNA repair, transcription, translation, mRNA splicing, and to modify proteins and nucleic acids (typically in epigenetics). In essence, all molecules within and outside the cells, such as proteins, nucleic acids, hormones, and nutrients play vital roles through affinity interaction network in regulating fundamental life processes.


Objective To summarize the effect of patients with svere ocular trauma treated with vitreous surgery.Methods The data of 46 patients (47 eyes) with severe ocular trauma treated with closed vitreous surgery in period from June 1999 to October 2000 were analysed retrospectively. Results Postoperatively,visual acuity improved in 33 eyes (70.2%);visual acuity remained unchanged in 9 eyes (19.2%) and visual acuity worse in 5 eyes (10.6%).The visual acuity of postoperation was 0.02 or over in 27 eyes (57.5%).There were 15 eyes that retinas were anatomic attachment, 5 eyes were surgical failure.Conclusion Visual acuity can be improved after timely vitreous surgery in most severe ocular trauma patients.


The construction of a harmonious society in the minority area,traditional sports as carrying rich cultural connotation, embodies the culture of minority carrier mode, living habits, geographical characteristics, with national harmonious construction must be closely related. The full application of investigation and analysis,the research method of literature,the analysis on the characteristics of Guizhou Province,national minority traditional sports content,and carry on research,demonstration of the relationship between traditional sports and national harmony,in order for the development of traditional ethnic sports,ethnic harmony construction provides an effective reference.


This volume examines the 8th European Stroke Conference, held in Venice, Italy in 1999. Held over three days and featuring guest speakers from around the world, the meeting focused on the more recent developments in the field. Topics include: asymptomatic new ischaemic lesions on serial MRI scans; the fact that acute 24-hour systolic blood pressure predicts longterm stroke outcome; and the Lausanne emotion in stroke study.


With the development of computer network technology and computer graphics processing technology, computer graphics processing technology based on GIS models has received more and more attention from professionals in the field of graphic image design. This paper studies the construction of visual data mining model, combined with the specific requirements of packaging design, and the rational use of computer graphics technology, is conducive to enhancing the rationality of packaging design. Based on this, this article builds a GIS model to process two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics, and discusses the relationship between computer graphics technology and packaging design as necessary to provide the necessary reference for related research


Abstract Relationships between marital status and parental functioning were evaluated both prospectively (years before marriage dissolution) and concurrently (after marriage dissolution). Prospective analyses included only then-intact families and compared parents who subsequently were divorced with parents who subsequently did not divorce. The subset of intact families in which divorce eventually occurred was characterized by unsupportive parenting of children and interparental tension years before the formal dissolution of the marriage. Concurrent analyses compared intact and divorced families. Marital status was shown to he related to parental self-concepts. Mother-daughter and mother-son relations subsequent to divorce are described.


Aging aerospace structures undergo severe damage due to corrosion, fatigue, creep, and other factors. The objective of this study is to estimate a unique parameter, called a safety index that gives an indication of the safety or reliability of these structures. To obtain the safety index, evolutionary computations using neural network based particle swarm optimization technique were developed to evolve the required data for the network. A simulation program, based on the neural network and optimization techniques, was implemented in MS visual basic/VC++ environment to predict the safety index of a damaged structure. Analytical solutions were used to predict the effects of crack, fatigue, and creep damage mechanisms. The results obtained from the simulation program were compared to the analytical solutions as there is no experimental data available for multiple damage mechanisms of an aging structure. Based on the results obtained, it appears that the proposed approach of obtaining the safety of a structure is reasonable, and the developed simulation program might be useful as an initial estimate to assess the structural integrity. However, more experimental work will be needed to establish the utility of this approach for practical applications.


Rationale: Bilateral adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, nongerminal center B-cell phenotype (non-GCB DLBCL), is an uncommon malignancy that exhibits rapid development. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose position emission tomography/computed tomography (CT) is extremely sensitive in distinguishing highly malignant tumors from benign tumors. Patient concerns: We report a case of non-GCB DLBCL showing significantly high uptake of 18F-FDG on PET/CT examination. Diagnoses: Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination further confirmed that the bilateral adrenal masses were non-GCB DLBCL. Interventions: The maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the adrenal lesion was 17.2. Abnormal 18F-FDG uptake was observed in a retroperitoneal lymph node, the SUVmax of which was 14.2. Outcomes: He was administered CHOP chemotherapy without rituximab due to high costs.His therapeutic effect and survival time could not be tracked due to patient privacy. Lessons: non-GCB DLBCL is a rare malignancy.18F-FDG PET/CT examination can distinguish benign from malignant adrenal lesions based on increased FDG uptake. It is a noninvasive method to diagnose malignant adrenal tumors.


Clinical signs Horses experience depression and a "stocking up," or swelling of the lower legs, 12 to 24 hours following ingestion of hoary alyssum in hay or on pasture. A fever and occasionally short term diarrhea have also been observed. These clinical signs normally subside 2 to 4 days following removal of the alyssum source. In more severe cases, an apparent founder with a stiffness of joints and reluctance of the animal to move has been observed. Recovery of animals with clinical evidence of founder may take several additional days. In very rare cases, where hoary alyssum comprised extremely high percentages of the hay (30 to 70%), circumstantial evidence exists associating the plant with the death of a few horses. To date, death has not occurred in horses fed hay containing hoary alyssum under experimental conditions.


In 1946, among the main post-war social and economic recovery measures, the occupied Japanese government and the Allied leadership undertook a far-reaching Land Reclamation Policy. The aim of this paper is to analyse the social and economic features of three new villages created under the policy in Aomori prefecture. I should like to frame the data collected through fieldwork in the communities within a historical perspective covering over fifty years of these communities' history In a region such as Aomori, where rice farming has been an option practicable only since modern times and orchards have provided viable agricultural options since the beginning of the twentieth century, implementation of the Land Reclamation Policy generated valuable outcomes. Diversification of agriculture, improvement of farming techniques and the creation of a dense web of production co-operatives are only some of the most significant results that over 25 years of policy operations produced at ground level. Meanwhile, the strategies of the settlers to cope with periods of profound social and economic change, and their choices at household and local level, illuminate an important portion of Japan's post-war history. leadership sought ways to recover from the disastrous aftermath of defeat through a series of social and economic measures. Among these, the 1946 Land Reclamation Policy (LRP), part of the wide-ranging post-war land reform, was aimed at the re-integration of an estimated seven million repatriates from the former Asian colonies, increasing national food provision and providing relief from unemployment. The outcome of the policy's complex planning and implementing process was the nationwide creation of agrarian settlements that were intended to integrate the repatriates with some of the surplus population in rural areas. The aim of this paper is to analyze the cases of three settlements founded in north-eastern Japan in order to highlight the significance the LRP had for the development of post-war Japanese agriculture. I maintain that the measure's impact at the local level cannot simply be understood in terms of top-down imposition of its provisions. The creation and development of these new villages can best be visualized by considering the manner in which the settlers shaped their responses to the


The present research aims to describe the profile of health promotion and risks/diseases prevention programs developed by 29 private healthcare providers in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive exploratory study that used data provided by the National Health Insurance Agency. In May 2008, private health insurance providers were sent a request for information on their health promotion and risks/diseases prevention programs. The programs profiles were characterized by distribution tables of absolute frequencies and / or by variables of interest. The risks/diseases prevention actions were performed by 41.4% of the providers. The diseases/health conditions more emphasized in adult and elderly clients were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, overweight/obesity, and healthy eating. Implementation of the programs decreased the number of examinations, consultations, emergency attendances, and healthcare costs. Up until now results can be considered positive. However the increase in the number of private health care providers offering such programs is needed as well as the integration of health actions plans, and the emphasis on health promotion.


Let $R$ be a finite ring. The commuting probability of $R$, denoted by $\Pr(R)$, is the probability that any two randomly chosen elements of $R$ commute. $R$ is called an $n$-centralizer ring if it has $n$ distinct centralizers. In this paper, we compute $\Pr(R)$ for some $n$-centralizer finite rings.


AB STRACT: A study was car ried out in Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Deendayal Re search In sti tute, Satna for two con sec u tive years to eval u ate the ef fect of var i ous in-situ mois ture con ser va tion mea sures on es tab lish ment and growth of aonla ( Emblica officinalis ) in sloppy de graded lands. In-situ mois ture con ser va tion mea sures in cluded for the study were prep a ra tion of cir cu lar ring ba sin + mulch ing the ba sin with black poly thene, stag gered con tour trench ing (45 cm width and 3 m length) on up per side of the plant ba sin, place ment of one sub merged pitcher in one side of the plant for rain wa ter har vest ing, set ting the seed ling in a de pres sion of 1 m width and 15 cm deep, sur rounded by a ring-shaped ridge with 25 cm width and 15 cm height and a 30 cm open ing on the higher side to har vest rain wa ter + fill ing the de pres sion with straw + mulch ing with black poly thene and con trol (no mi cro- catch ment or mulch). The re sults re vealed that all the in-situ mois ture con ser va tion meth ods showed im prove ments in sur vival, es tab lish ment and growth of aonla plants. How ever, prep a ra tion of mi cro catch ment area of one me ter width sur rounded by ring shaped ridge of 25 cm width and 15 cm height and hav ing a 30 cm open ing at the higher side and mulch ing in de pressed area with straw and cover with black poly thene was found to be the most ef fec tive mois ture con ser va tion method in in creas ing the sur vival and growth of aonla seed lings/budlings among all the con ser va tion treat ments. Such dis tinc tive ge no type could be a great value for kitchen gar den pur pose, par tic u larly in the era of nu cleus fam ily. Such prom is ing and unique germplasm can be uti lized by chil lies worker in their re spec tive on go ing/en su ing crop im prove ment programme to re in force ment food and nu tri tional se cu rity of coun try by ef fi cient uti li za tion. mango fruits. The treat ments in cluded CaCl 2 @1.2%, Bo email@example.com%, K 2 SO 4 @ 0.5%, Ca (NO 3 ) 2 @1.0%, ZnSO 4 @0.5%, ZnCl 2 @0.3% and con trol. The re sults ob tained in di cated that the trees sprayed with 0.5% bo rax showed max i mum fruit yield, fruit weight, fruit vol ume, T.S.S., re duc ing sugar, non re duc ing sugar and ascor bic acid con tent, how ever, this treat ment found to be at par with 1% Ca(NO 3 ) 2 . While with re gard to main te nance of post har vest fruit qual ity in mango, the min i mum phys i o log i cal loss in weight was re ported in 1.0% Ca(NO 3 ) 2 fol lowed by CaCl 2 (1.2%) up to the end of 12 th day. Other qual ity pa ram e ters like fruit TSS, sugar and ascor bic acid con tent were best main tained by bo rax, cal cium and po tas sium treat ments. in hy brid seed pro duc tion of ex erted stigma (re ces sive) to mato un der open field con di tions. The ex erted stigma seed par ent with re ces sive po tato leaved seed ling marker was sown at 25 m, 50 m, 75 m, 100m, 150m, 200m and 250m dis tance away from nor mal stigma (in serted) con tam i na tor par ent cv. Cas tle Rock hav ing dom i nant cut leaf seed ling marker. The pooled data of three years in di cated that the high est per cent age of ge netic con tam i na tion of 9.26% was re corded at a dis tance of 25 m from the con tam i na tor (Cas tle Rock). It was also ob served that there was a grad ual re duc tion in con tam i na tion level with in creas ing dis tance at 100m iso la tion dis tance of 2.56% al though it was not within the pre scribed max i mum per mis si ble limit of ge netic con tam i na tion (1 and 2% for foun da tion and cer ti fied seed, re spec tively). There was zero ge netic con tam i na tion at the high est iso la tion dis tance of 150 m. In the pres ent study, in the iso la tion dis tances stud ied un til 100m, the level of con tam i na tion was well above the per mis si ble min i mum seed cer tif i ca tion stan dards (98 % ge netic pu rity for cer ti fied seed). How ever, based on the pres ent study, the iso la tion dis tance re quired for main te nance of ge netic pu rity of to mato us ing ex erted stigma seed par ent for hy brid seed pro duc tion un der open field con di tions of Punjab is 150m as against the rec om mended iso la tion of 25m and 100m for pro duc tion of cer ti fied seeds of open pol li nated seeds and hy brid seeds, re spec tively. AB STRACT: Ge netic re sources are the ba sic ma te rial for any crop im prove ment programme, ob vi ously be cause they con tain some unique traits/gene. Ex plo ra tion for col lec tion of germplasm is the quick est and sim plest method for ac quir ing the de sired one. In dian is world's big gest home of veg e tar ian in hab it ants and le gumes are main source of pro tein in their diet, pods are con sumed fresh, or pro cessed as veg e ta ble ei ther dried seed are used as dal or va ri ety of prep a ra tion. A veg e ta ble type pi geon pea of pe ren nial na ture has been iden ti fied and ex plored from Vaishali dis trict of Bihar. Such prom is ing and unique germplasm could be uti lized by pi geon pea work ers in their re spec tive crop im prove ment programme to re in force ment food and nu tri tional se cu rity of coun try by ef fi cient uti li za tion. rel a tive hu mid ity (85±5%) in cor ru gated fi bre board (CFB) boxes. The ef fec tive ness of the treat ments was as sessed in terms of its im pact on fruit ap pear ance, weight loss, to tal sol u ble sol ids (TSS), titratable acid ity, ascor bic acid con tents and to tal sug ars. It was found that wrap ping of fruits with cling wrap showed better re sult for most of the pa ram e ters rat ing fol lowed by wrap ping with teak leaves. In organoleptic rat ings fruits wrapped in teak leaves showed better re sult while poor rat ing was re corded in cling wraps. AB STRACT: An ex per i ment was con ducted at the Hor ti cul tural Re of The ex per i ment was per formed to find out the most suit able mulch ing ma te rial and an ideal spac ing for straw berry cul ti va tion un der Lucknow con di tions. The ex per i ment was laid out in a Fac to rial Ran dom ized Block De sign with three rep li ca tions. The treat ments com prised of six mulch ing ma te ri als viz. paddy straw, dry grass ( Saccharum spp.), dry leaves (dry neem leaves), red poly eth yl ene, green poly eth yl ene and trans par ent poly eth yl ene) with two spac ings (30 x 15 cm and 30 x 30 cm). On the ba sis of the sta tis ti cal data, it is con cluded that spac ing of 30 x 30 cm with green poly eth yl ene mulch was found to be the best in terms of plant growth viz. plant height, spread of plants, num ber of leaves and leaf area. Sim i larly, spac ing of 30 x 15 cm with green poly eth yl ene mulch sig nif i cantly in flu enced num ber of flow ers, fruit length and fruit width, yield and qual ity. How ever, there was slight dif fer ence in qual ity pa ram e ters among dif fer ent treat ments AB STRACT: Seed vig our eval u a tion was con ducted on ten pea ac ces sions to study their level of de te ri o ra tion at vary ing tem per a ture and time du ra tions. The ac ces sions were sub jected to dif fer ent tem per a ture (30°C and 45°C) and stor age du ra tions (48 hours and 72 hours) dur ing ac cel er ated age ing. Ob ser va tions were re corded for seed vig our in terms of ger mi na tion per cent age, ger mi na tion in dex, vig our in dex I, vig our in dex II and elec tro lyte leak age. Ger mi na tion per cent age and vigor in dex was greatly af fected af ter sub ject ing to large du ra tions of time at high tem per a ture. The higher tem per a ture (45°C) af ter 72 hours in duced more elec tro lyte leak age from the some ac ces sions. The re sults re vealed that vig our level of seed de te ri o rates af ter stor age at high tem per a ture. Sig nif i cant va ri etal dif fer ences were ob served in ac ces sions in terms of their in her ent ca pac i ties to with stand higher tem per a ture treat ments both af ter 48 hours and 72 hours. The rate of seed de te ri o ra tion was faster in some ac ces sions as com pared to other. AB STRACT: The field study was con ducted dur ing 2010 and 2011 to as sess the ge netic vari abil ity, inter re la tion ships and di rect and in di rect ef fects of com po nent traits on seed ling vig our in rad ish. High PCV val ues were ob tained in FW (32.68%), SVI I (32.43%) and ger mi na tion % (30.84%). Mag ni tude of heritability was high est for SVI II (92.00%) fol lowed by ger mi na tion (89.45%), 100 SW (84.90%), ASL (83.16%) and SVI I (79.27%). SVI II showed pos i tive and highly sig nif i cant as so ci a tion with ger mi na tion %,ASL, seed ling FW, DW, 100 SW and SVI I. Path anal y sis in di cated pos i tive di rect ef fect of SVI I, shoot length and 100 seed weight on seed ling vig our in dex II of dif fer ent rad ish ge no types. The seed ling vig our in dex I, shoot length, 100 seed weight and ger mi na tion % ex hib ited strong pos i tive cor re la tion and pos i tive or neg a tive di rect ef fects on seed ling vig our in dex II emerged as im por tant com po nents con trib ut ing to seed ling vig our. There fore, se lec tion pri mar ily based on these traits may lead to iden ti fi ca tion and de vel op ment of ge no types hav ing better field emer gence and seed ling es tab lish ment. AB STRACT: The search for tech niques that ex tend shelf life of guava ( Psidium guajava ) fruits, and re duce its postharvest losses is de sir able. The ob jec tive of this work was to eval u ate the ef fects of con cen tra tions of com pet i tive eth yl ene an tag o nist cal cium salts on con ser va tion of 'Sardar' guava fruits. Treat ments con sisted of 0.5%, 1% Cal cium Ni trate, 1%, 2% Cal cium Chlo ride and 0.5%, 1% Cal cium Sul phate for 12 days fol lowed by stor age at room tem per a ture. The ap pli ca tion of 1% cal cium chlo ride for 12 days was ef fi cient in de lay ing loss of skin color and in keep ing fruit firm at room tem per a ture stor age. The cal cium ni trate at 1% con cen tra tion was ef fi cient in de


A novel two-operational amplifier voltage amplifier is presented that has a bandwidth larger than any other possible single- or two-operational amplifier configuration. The maximum bandwidth singleoperational amplifier amplifiers are also dicussed.


We consider the incompressible 2D Navier-Stokes equations on the torus driven by a deterministic time quasi-periodic force and a noise that is white in time and degenerate in Fourier space. We show that the asymptotic statistical behavior is characterized by a quasi-periodic invariant measure that exponentially attracts the law of all solutions. The result is true for any value of the viscosity $\nu>0$ and does not depend on the strength of the external forces. By utilizing this quasi-periodic invariant measure, we establish a quantitative version of the strong law of large numbers and central limit theorem for the continuous time inhomogeneous solution processes with explicit convergence rates. It turns out that the convergence rate in the central limit theorem depends on the time inhomogeneity through the Diophantine approximation property on the quasi-periodic frequency of the quasi-periodic force.


Forced tamping replacement, as a kind of soil foundation treatment, is widely used with the merits of good effect low cost within the shortest time limit for a project. Its adoption in the Changde-Jishoupart k99+560~k99+800 on the expressway form Changsha to Chongqing is eloquent proof. This article introduces the application of forced tamping replacement in gold mined-out region, by explaining the theory,identifying the construction parameters, construction technology and inspection.


Congestion on U.S. highways is a well-known social and economic prob lem that becomes progressively worse every year.1 Travel delays impose large costs, currently approaching some $40 billion annually, on motorists, truckers, and shippers.2 Economists have repeatedly attributed the problem to policy makers' failure to implement marginal cost congestion tolls to charge road users efficiently for their contribution to delays. By undercharging vehicles for using the nation's roadways, policymakers have also reduced the per-mile cost of commuting (including out-of-pocket and travel time costs) for most motorists and distorted the development of metro politan areas by inducing households to live in more distant, lower-density locations, thereby contributing to urban sprawl. Precise definitions of sprawl and estimates of its costs are elusive, because it is difficult to characterize an optimal pattern of land use.3 At the same time, it is likely that households' deci sions regarding residential location?while maximizing households' utility?have resulted in socially inefficient outcomes because they reduce economies of agglomeration. For instance, according to the U.S. census, between 1970 and 2000 the met ropolitan population in the United States grew approximately 60 percent. We


This paper presents the analysis and calculation of minority carrier lifetime in silicon solar cell with different three of recombination processes: radiative recombination, Auger recombination and SRH recombination. The power conversion efficiency of solar cell is directly proportional to the minority carrier lifetime of solar cell, because of the long lifetimes related with high open circuit voltage and short circuit current. The higher the lifetime of minority carriers, the higher the power conversion efficiency of solar cell. Silicon wafers have different crystal defects, grain boundaries, material properties, it affects minority carrier lifetime. The recombination process on carrier lifetime is one of the most important parameters for designing the high efficiency solar cell.


Expected utility theory holds that the maximization of individual expected payoff is the objective of every game player.However,the game results of the melamine sandals present "zero sum game".This paper analyzes melamine milk scandal based on game theory to indicate that the possible result should be taken into consideration when decisions are made so as to truly realize those game players' objective of the maximization of individual expected payoff.


The science of animal behavior (ethology) has been closely linked to the study of animal welfare. A major advantage of behavior as a welfare indicator is that it can be measured non-invasively. As a starting point, a species' natural behavior is often compared with its behavior in confinement. Although this approach provides some general information about the range and variation in behavior, it does little to indicate anything about animal welfare. A more rewarding approach currently used by many scientists is to try to determine how particular behaviors develop, understand their function and what motivates them to occur. For many animal welfare scientists an animal's subjective stat is an important, if not the most important aspect of animal welfare. Feelings are not directly observable, but have measurable correlates or consequences. They can be assessed either by giving animals some control over their environments and observing the choices and decisions they make, using preference and motivation tests or by looking for signs of deprivation, frustration or distress when the animal is confined in an environment or subjected to a treatment without any means of control. Although preference and motivation tests are techniques under development, if carefully interpreted they can constitute a powerful tool for the assessment of welfare. Another important research area is the study of the causes and prevention of abnormal behaviors such as stereotypies or injurious behaviors. These behaviors have often been interpreted as indicators of poor animal welfare but recent studies suggest that such interpretations are too simplistic. Another promising approach to evaluating animal welfare is through the study of cognition, learning and memory. The focus of scientific inquiry and policy development is shifting to include the study of positive welfare states. Additional research in understanding and quantifying such states is a significant challenge.


This article presents the findings of a 12-month ethnographic study of the development of human trafficking vulnerability among African irregular migrants in Malta. It illustrates the role that European migration and asylum policies have played when fostering the development of trafficking vulnerabilities amongst asylum seekers following their arrival through the gates of Fortress Europe. It critically evaluates the discourse and discursive frameworks that have held dominion over the way in which academics and policy-makers have understood human trafficking practices, drawing attention to forms of human trafficking exploitation that are underrepresented within both trafficking literature and empirical studies.


[Objective] Described the breeding process and the main characterstics of the recommended variety Guitang No.23 in Guangxi,which could provide the valuable reference for cross-breeding and popularization of sugarcane.[Method] Guitang No.23 was selected from the crossing between ROC1 and Yacheng 71-374 by Guangxi Sugarcane Research Instritute.As the female parent,ROC1 had the desirable characteristics of early maturity,high cane yield and high sucrose content.As the male parent,Yacheng 71-374 had the desirable characteristics of strong ratoon ability and strong disease resistance,which contained the wild germplasm.The variety has passed comparative trial,regional trial and national regional test,and production test was performed in different ecological region.[Result] The results of planting test showed that Guitang No.23 had the desirable characteristics of medium maturing,high cane yield,high sucrose content,stable yield,strong perennial ability,mosaic and smut resistance,cold and drought tolerance,and wide adaptability.[Conclusion] Guitang No.23 was approved by the National Identification Committee for Varieties of Sugarcane in March 2005 for its excellent characteristics,therefore,it is worthy to be extended as the recommended sugarcane variety.


The invention relates to an air-self-propelled agricultural machine of: - components (5) for collecting and processing of a crop, - a motor (1) arranged to drive the propulsion of the machine by means of a first drive mechanism (3), and for the action of driving the said components by means of a second drive mechanism (4), - a control unit (6) for controlling the speed of the motor, characterized in that the control unit (6) provides that the speed of the motor is controlled on the basis of a determination of the imposed motor load, whereby at least in one partial area of the total range of between 0% and 100% of the maximum load, the target rotational speed is a continuous increasing function of the engine load. The invention also relates to a method to control the engine speed.


This thesis considers the problems of Blind Source Separation (BSS), Blind Deconvolution (BD) and Multichannel Blind Deconvolution (MBD). New re¬ sults on stability and steady-state error levels are presented. Computationally efficient algorithms are given for all problems. Blind separation is referred to as the task where unknown but mutually independent signals are to be recovered from observed mixtures. The mixing process is described by a matrix that is also unknown. The goal of blind separation is to determine an appropriate demixing matrix. Methods for achieving blind separation include the maximization of an information-theoretically motivated objective function, the approach taken in this thesis. This yields an adaptive nonlinear update rule. This nonlinear char¬ acteristic together with the distributions ofthe source signals impacts the con¬ vergence and equilibrium conditions making the convergence behavior of the algorithm an important issue. The nonlinear algorithm has more than one equilibrium and solutions may exist that do not correspond to a separation of the source signals. It is essential that the separating solutions are the stable solutions of the algorithms. The local convergence behavior of the algorithm around a solution is con¬ sidered by analyzing the linearized update equation. This permits a statement on the conditions for stability. For the case where separating solutions do not correspond to a stable equilibrium, procedures for stabilization are presented and compared. This analysis shows that in the vicinity of the solution the "rate of convergence" and the steady-state error are proportional to the step size. For the special case of identically distributed source signals and iden¬ tical nonlinear functions in the update equation, a closed-form expression of the steady-state error is determined.


India witnessed a double-digit growth in the life and non-life insurance sector after the breaking of monopoly and deregulation in the sector. Covid-19 pandemic and lockdowns have had a far-reaching and adverse effect on the insurance sector as well. There is a need to see the effect on a few key variables during pre-Covid 19 to post-Covid 19 duration. The researcher has selected dependent variables under study such as first-year premium, number of policies, number of lives covered under group schemes, and total sum assured. This is an empirical study with a quantitative research approach and the analysis is based on secondary data collection. The key results reveal that there was an adverse effect of the pandemic on the growth of the insurance sector during the year 2020. From April 2021 onwards the insurance sector is witnessing positive growth and will continue at the same pace.


The invention relates to a video acquisition processing and reinforcing circuit for a medical camera system. The video acquisition processing and reinforcing circuit comprises an overhead lens arranged above an operating table, a submersible lens arranged at an operation implementation position and a host used for receiving video signals of the overhead lens and the submersible lens; a video acquisition chip and an image processing chip are arranged in the overhead lens; the video acquisition chip is used for processing the image information and sending the image information to the host; a video acquisition chip and an image processing chip are arranged in the submersible lens; the image processing chip is used for collecting external image information, and the image processing chip is used for processing the image information and sending the image information to the host; and an image reinforcing chip is arranged in the host for receiving the video signals of the overhead lens and the submersible lens and reinforcing the video signals.


It has been confirmed that breast cancer expresses one of the VEGF receptors,NRP1,but there are still no reports about the effects of overexpressing VEGF165 on the breast cancer and the vascular formation patterning around tumor.Several clones of EMT6 cells stably overexpressing VEGF165 are established by lioposome transfection.Overexpressing VEGF165 tumor-induced angiogenesis is observed with an intradermal tumor model in mice.The results show that the overexpressing VEGF165 in EMT6 induces a tree-like vascular patterning and could promote the survival of the breast cancer cell.The establishments of murine breast cancer EMT6 clones stably overexpressing VEGF165 have laid the foundation for further research overexpressing VEGF165 influnces on breast cancer.


With China becoming more active in Greenland, worries abound that China might have hidden intentions. Despite that, the Greenlandic government is showing an increasing interest in deepening its cooperation with China. This article explores Greenland's motivation behind its positive attitude towards China and examines whether China will be a threat to Greenland's independence. For Greenland, China is both a deep-pocketed investor and a huge consumer market, especially in the mining, fishing and tourism industries. Greenland, therefore, views China as an important partner in its economic development, which is necessary for its independence from Denmark. Considering China's relationship with Denmark, its foreign policy and its affairs vis-à-vis Tibet, Xinjiang and Taiwan, it is not in China's interest to interfere with any affairs related to Greenland's independence.


e17034 Background: We recently established a panel of 65 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient-derived xenografts (PDX) for exploration of novel treatment approaches and biomarker e...


The present paper deals with some problems on the conformal structure on TM. The concepts of conformal structure and d-linear connection compatible with the conformal structure, corresponding to two 1-forms are introduced in the tangent bundle. The problem of determining the set of all d-linear connections compatible with the conformal structure, corresponding to two 1-forms is solved for an arbitrary nonlinear connection.Some important particular cases are considered. 2000 Subject Classification:53C05, 53C15, 53C21, 53C60, 53B05, 53B35, 53B40.


In the present paper, a new mathematical model describing the physical, chemical and biological phenomena involved in the process of contaminant removal in biofilters is developed. In addition to the contaminant, the key components of the present theoretical model are carbon dioxide and oxygen. The model predicts the concentration profile of the key components in the gas phase, the biofilm and the sorption liquid retained in the solid particles composing the filter bed at both steady and transient regimes. The model equations were solved numerically and comparison between theory and experiment showed that the model results for styrene and carbon dioxide concentration profiles were in very good agreement with experimental data for the biofiltration of styrene vapors at steady state. The analysis of oxygen concentration profile in the biofilm predicted by the theoretical model revealed that oxygen limitation does not occur under the operating styrene biodegradation rate in the biofilter. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry


The transition from primary to secondary school is a stressful period for autistic individuals. However, less is known about parental experiences of the school transition, and its impact on the family. This study explored mothers ' perspectives on the psychological impact of the transition to secondary school for their autistic children and their families. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, semi-structured interviews were analysed to explore the experiences of eight mothers of autistic children at the end of their child ' s first year in secondary school. The analysis revealed two superordinate themes: lack of available support and detrimental psychological impact on the family. Mothers reported the negative impact the transition had on themselves, their child, and the wider family. The importance of pre- and ongoing transition support was highlighted to reduce the concerns of children and their parents throughout the transition process. The findings highlighted the need for autism-specific individualized guidance, as well as considering the potential for transition issues to impact on siblings.


This is a Spanish translation of lectures given at Valladolid in French by Professor Gilbert Gidel. In these lectures the greatest living authority on the international law of the sea studies the new problem of the continental shelf. Based on oceanographic authorities and all the legal literature, the author starts with the concept and definition of the continental shelf and then gives the juridical history of this problem, emerging first in 1916, in the Anglo-Venezuelan Treaty of 1942 on the Gulf of Paria, and appearing again in the Proclamation of President Truman of 1945 and subsequent declarations by other governments. The author gives a detailed exposition and justification of the Truman doctrine and a full theoretical study of the problem. He relates the new doctrine to general international law actually in force, and comes to the conclusion that it cannot be regarded as an application of existing international norms to a new matter, but must be interpreted as the starting point of an entirely new development. This development, from the point of view of practice, must reconcile the interests of the coastal state in the exploitation of the resources of the sea bed and subsoil of the continental shelf with the legitimate interests of free navigation. Yet the new development proves that the Grotian doctrine of the freedom of the high seas has lost its absolute character. The author demands a prompt codification of the new law. Such codification, as the work of the International Law Commission suggests, is on the way. Probably "jurisdiction and control ' ' will mean simply sovereignty; the freedom of the seas outside of territorial waters and freedom of the airspace above will be maintained, and the new law will be founded on proximity of the coast, on the adjacent state's right over these "submarine areas beneath the high seas," whether there is a continental shelf in the technical sense or not. Professor Gidel's lectures show the perfect equilibrium between the great theoretician and the man of practice. T T Tr * JOSEF L. KUNZ


Transmission line of the present invention, the signal lines and (3), the dielectric layer resistance layer facing the signal lines across the (2) (4) and electrically connected to the resistive layer is a ground conductor (11) with the door, when the signal lines a predetermined frequency of the high frequency signal is transmitted, the high-frequency current is induced in the resistive layer through a capacitance formed between the signal lines by a dielectric layer resistance layer, the resistance layer, and a resistor layer and is defined as additional resistor the resistance per unit length that occurs when flowing between the grounding conductor, the resistance per unit length of the high-frequency current is generated when flowing through the grounding conductor the if you define the ground resistance, the additional resistance is greater than the ground resistance.


A case of mucormycosis in an AIDS patient is reported. The infection was located in the skin and knee joint after open trauma of the left thigh. Cunninghamella bertholletiae was isolated. The prognosis of this infection is ominous in patients with AIDS because of their precarious immunologic status.