TTENTION RECENTLY HAS BEEN DRAWN BY A O'Conor,20 Gluckman,l4 Wright279 29 and Harris15 to cases of lymphosarcoma in children in the U.S.A. which bear striking similarities to the malignant lymphoma of children in Africa (Burkitt's tumor).3-6 O'Conor20 states that he has seen histologic material on several such cases. Gluckmanl4 maintains that cases have been recorded with photographs of the jaw tumors at the Memorial Hospital, New York. He also refers to a specific case report by Brown and O'Keefe2 in 1928, concerning a 16-year-old St. Louis girl who had "sarcoma of the ovary with unusual oral metastases." He believes that "the very detailed description of this case leaves no doubt that it is identical with those described in Central Africa." Wright,27 who has examined the histological sections, considers this case an example of Burkitt's tumor occurring in the U.S.A. This has aroused a controversy as to whether Burkitt's tumor is a distinct disease entity, differing in its manifestations from so-called conventional lymphosarcoma in children. Brown and O'Keefe's case has been reviewed fully and was the subject of a clinico-pathologic conference17 at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. The patient had tumors involving all 4 quadrants of the jaws, both ovaries and the breasts. Microscopic examination of the original biopsy sections from these sites revealed the "starrysky" histological appearance (Fig. 1) characteristic of Burkitt's tumor. Duplicate sections were examined by Dr. D. H. Wright, Makerere University College Medical School, Kampala, Uganda, who concurred with this opinion. This stimulated a search for further possible cases. A survey was carried out of the


Objective To construct recombinant plasmid that can inhibit acetyltransferase Gcn5 expression through RNA interference,then transfect it into MSCs induced by 5-azacytidine (5-aza) ,and analyze the role of acetylases in the process of MSCs differentiation. Methods MSCs were isolated from bilateral thigh bones and tibias of Wistar rats,then treated with 5-aza. Gcn5 shRNA recombinant plasmid vector was transfected into MSCs via lipofectin. The expressions of Gcn5 ,myosin heavy chain (MHC) and Connexin 43 (Cx43 ) were investigated by Western blot. Results Under electron microscope,MSCs transfected with Gcn5 shRNA recombinant plasmid displayed obvious heterochromatin,but MSCs and MSCs transfected HK plasmid showed euchromatin. The expressions of Gcn5,Cx43 and MHC decreased significantly after Gcn5 shRNA recombinant plusmid transfection. Taking β-actin as inner criterion,the silent ratio of Gcn5,MHC and Cx43 were 86% ,58% and 67% ,respectively. Conclusion The Gcn5 shRNA plasmids we constructed block acetylation during the process of MSCs differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Acetylation plays a very important role in the regulation of MSCs differentiation.


The concentration of main degradation products such as monosaccharide,furans,carboxylic acids and other products from corn straw,rape straw and sawdust filtrate after wet oxidation steam-explosion pretreatment were studied by HPLC and GC-MS analysis.Results showed that the concentration of glucose and xylose in filtrate were 0.653~1.562g·L-1 and 0.166~0.891g·L-1,the concentration of furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural were low,the concentration of formic acid and acetic acid were 1.346~3.500g·L-1and 1.670~2.698g·L-1,there were 12,10 and 16compounds identified in the corn straw,rape straw and sawdust filtrate,respectively.


The streets of Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic, are peopled by "sections" of children who have been abandoned by, or have chosen to flee from, their families. These "street-children" include some who have been accused of witchcraft in their families. This accusation has sometimes been confirmed later in a Church or some other place of worship in the city. This article describes some characteristics of life on the streets in a context that is subject to the constant risk of violence, dwelling on the significant role of the accusations of witchcraft in Central African society. Analyzing how the children of Bangui describe their condition as outcasts, the anthropologist's attention is necessarily drawn by the violent dynamics that take form in the districts of the city and in the family.


This paper presents multiband monopole antenna for radio frequency energy harvesting applications. The proposed antenna has good performance in wireless communication bands. The antenna is printed on FR4 substrate with matching L shaped stubs, to achieve suitable impedance bandwidth. Two symmetric stubs with width equal to 0.6 mm and five slot arms are etched on the radiator surface, each arm is responsible for certain resonant frequency. The antenna operates at five operating bands (GPS band, DSC band, ISM band, WiFi band and WiMax band) with reflection coefficients below — 10 dB. The simulation result of the rectifier demonstrate that are operating with Triple-band RF energy harvesting system for three bands wide-band at 2.5 GHz, 3.7 GHz and 5.8 GHz. This antenna shows good matching between simulation and experimental results. The proposed rectenna can provide high RF-DC conversion efficiency which is suitable for RF energy harvesting applications.


Accurate automated image segmentation in neonates is challenging due to the lower contrast-to-noise ratio compared to adult scans, the partial volume effect and large anatomical variation. In this paper, we present a technique for brain segmentation into different tissues and structures of interest. Atlas priors and subject-specific tissue priors are used to initialize an ExpectationMaximization (EM) scheme. The proposed implementation incorporates a Markov Random Field (MRF) regularization to account for the spatial dependency of labels, prior relaxation to adapt the priors according to the individual brain appearance and partial volume (PV) correction. The algorithm is evaluated against manually segmented data from the NeoBrainS12 MICCAI challenge.


The newest approach which is still going on in education in Indonesia is scientific approach. Scientific approach is an approach which focuses on making students practice scientific procedures in their learning process. This research aims at finding out the implementation of scientific approach in SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta, specifically it is to describe i.e. method implemented by the English teacher, teaching technique used by the English teacher, the procedure of the method applied, and the evaluation and problems faced by the teacher in implementing scientific approach in teaching English at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta, in 2014/2015 academic year.
The data of this research are collected in the form of field notes, lesson plan, syllabus, assessment form, and interview notes. The writer takes English teacher and eighth grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta as the subject of this research. The writer uses descriptive qualitative research especially spiral research in analyzing the data.
The result of the study shows that the teacher adopted Inquiry-based Learning as the method and she uses some techniques such as lecturing, discussion, and questioning in teaching English to the eighth grade students at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta in the implementation of scientific approach. The English teacher uses authentic assessment in the evaluation. It covers three aspects, namely cognitive aspect, affective aspect, and psychomotor aspect. The English teacher uses writing test, oral test, daily assignment, mid test, and final test to assess the cognitive aspect of the students. She uses practical work and portfolio assessment in assessing psychomotor aspect. The last, she uses observation, self-assessment, peer assessment, and journal in assessing affective aspect.


results either picked on relatively uninteresting issues, or appeared trivial, e.g., 'increasing tax compliance was successful in raising government revenues'. The more descriptive country chapters are generally satisfactory, although the long delay in publication means that a reader will be required to supplement them with more recent publications. The more general chapters suffer from the same problem, although the general principles probably change more slowly than the tax systems of individual countries. The chapter on fiscal federalism suffers because most examples are from developed countries, with only one reference to Africa, and only one poor country mentioned (India). The authors, perhaps significantly both Canadian, admit disarmingly that 'much of the above discussion has been abstract and has been based on principles . . . conceived largely for industrialised countries' (p. 25). Enough said. The chapter on tax incentives for investment is wonderfully well informed and thoroughly balanced. Its conclusions should be compulsory reading for those on both sides of the argument; they are two numerous to mention here, but among the most important are that incentives should only be considered in a nondistorting macro environment, where there is a stable political and administrative system – which limits candidates to a few middle-income countries. The chapter on macroeconomic adjustment and tax reform contains an enormous amount of statistical work, although much of it seems to establish the obvious. It may be useful in providing statistical backing for many standard beliefs. Yet there is so much cross-sectional analysis, and so many differences (acknowledged) in both structure and circumstance, that generalizations are not particularly useful. It might have been better if the authors had concentrated on fewer issues, and thereby made the chapter more accessible to policy makers. The chapter on trade theory is very interesting theoretically (particularly that tariff reform takes no account of taxation theory), it is good at pointing out the inconsistency of standard recommendations and is well written, but it would be very difficult for a student to read who had not studied public finance theory in some depth. The chapter on taxation and economic structure is, in contrast, very simple, and also very clearly written. It makes a very good introduction to some of the basic points that people should know about taxation in developing countries. The chapter on green taxation is particularly fascinating, not least because green taxes are argued to provide a free lunch. Ordinary taxes have a dead weight loss, but taxes on pollution reduce the dead weight loss of providing the government with equivalent revenue (they have a negative 'excess burden'). The devil lies in the detail, however, as the authors acknowledge. The chapter on the problems of taxation in rapidly growing economies is a touch disappointing. It provides a great deal of information and comparison of the tax systems in Taiwan and Korea, and therefore describes the way their tax systems have changed during extended periods of rapid growth. That is not quite what the title promises, however. The final chapter on tax incentives and economic development is also concerned with Korea and Taiwan, the use of tax incentives to encourage savings and investment, capital formation and export promotion. Unfortunately, one of the main conclusions regarding the Korean success in promoting exports is that it is not possible to distinguish between the impact of tax incentives and directed lending. Overall, there is a great deal of value in this book, although it only partially succeeded in making the case for the use of general equilibrium models to analyse taxation issues. Unfortunately, it is not clear to this reviewer that the potential reader would not be better off using a textbook on public finance in developing countries, combined with up-todate articles on individual countries.


This article puts forward a study about the issues of social cohesion and equity through the example of the Chinese students' integration in the University of Lyon. Exposed to very different cultural and linguistic codes, both French teachers and Chinese students seem to be faced with a mutual destabilization which leads to different types of strategies and misinterpretations likely to confirm existing stereotypes and create new ones. This can cause a cultural shock which can even lead to a refusal of receiving Chinese students. This question, very relevant today, shows the difficulties to guarantee the equity and social cohesion in higher education. The aim of this reflection is to contribute to a better comprehension of this issue by the analysis of several empirical situations. We postulate that raising the awareness of university teachers regarding intercultural matters can be useful for their professional practice since it could enhance the integration of the Chinese students in France.


Abstract The core of the mass flux formulation, on which the majority of the current cumulus parameterizations are based, is to transport physical variables by the so-called mass flux for individual physical components, such as convective updrafts, downdrafts, and environment. These parameterizations use horizontal means over the subdomains occupied by these physical components to define the mass fluxes and transported variables. However, evaluations of the mass flux formulation against high-resolution spatial data obtained from explicit numerical models reveal that it substantially underestimates vertical transport of heat, moisture, and momentum by deep convection. The present paper proposes an alternative approach, in which the effective values weighted toward extreme values are used both for the mass flux and the transported variable to obtain an accurate estimate of vertical transport. Statistically, the distribution of convective variables is so widely distributed within individual subdomains that t...


The Uganda Sickle Surveillance Study provided evidence for a large sickle burden among HIV‐exposed infants in Uganda. To date, however, no large scale screening program has been developed for Central or East Africa.


AbstractQuestions:Have millennia of human land use fundamentally altered the vege-tation of a large proportion of the high Andean puna biome, with natural vege-tation now restricted to inaccessible areas? Can inaccessible ledges be used assurrogates to infer the potential natural vegetation (PNV) in heavily impactedareas of the puna ecosystem of the high Andes? Is there a difference in plantcommunitycompositionanddiversitybetweenthepotentialnaturalpunavege-tation,representedbyareasinaccessibletograzingandburning,andtheanthro-pogenicallydisturbedvegetationfoundonnearby,butaccessible,slopes?Location: Abra Malaga Private Conservation Area, Cusco, southern PeruvianAndes.Methods: Four study habitats were chosen that comprised ledges and slopesfrom within and outside of the conservation area. For each habitat, vegetationcomposition was recorded using eight to twelve 2 9 2-m 2 plots studied for spe-ciescoverandabioticvariables.Results: Analysis of species richness using two-way ANOVAs with Tukey testfound that plots from the three habitats inaccessible to anthropogenic distur-bance exhibited similar richness levels, whereas plots accessible to grazing andanthropogenic burning had significantly higher species richness. Likewise, CCAseparated out plots of the three habitats inaccessible to anthropogenic distur-bance from the unconserved slope plots. Species indicator analyses found thethree inaccessible habitats to share the largest number of indicator species, withnone being shared by the accessible, unconserved slope habitat. The PNV,inferred from the inaccessible vegetation, comprises a mosaic of Polylepis pepeiwoodland and tussock grassland, dominated by Festuca aff. procera, Luzula gigan-tea,ValerianamandonianaandCarexpichinchensis.Conclusions: As both the conserved and unconserved ledge habitats contain avegetation that approaches that of the conserved slope, ledges can be taken as asurrogate to infer the PNV in heavily impacted areas where no conserved slopesareavailable.Frompreliminarydata,thepresumedPNVofthestudyarea corre-sponds to a distinct vegetation assemblage including species previouslyunknowntoscience.Adjacentdisturbed,accessiblelandcontainedahigherspe-cies diversity, with a flora that may have originated from localized, disturbednaturalhabitats.IntroductionThere is increasing evidence that the extensive high-elevation grassland biomes of the central Andes, known asthepuna(whendry)orparamo(when humid),havebeensubjecttointensivehumanlanduseformillennia,yieldinga vegetation very different to what would naturally occur(Thompson et al. 1988; Burger 1992; Burns 1994; Chep-stow-Lusty et al. 1996; Chepstow-Lusty & Winfield 2000;Moraes et al. 2006; Kuentz et al. 2011). Recent studies ofthe Cusco region of southern Peru, the epicentre for Incansocietal development, have shown that pre-Incan civiliza-tions, which date back more than 10 000 yrs BP, hadalready encroached on the highestAndean landscapes and


E-health data management is characterized by high pressure and timely access. Accessing patient data requires that all services and objects are connected to make data from different health care sources available. Clinical data warehouses in this context facilitate the analysis, consolidation and access of the data obtained in the patient care process to improve the quality of decision making. There is a need to capture data events as soon as possible to decrease data analysis latency and maximize the value of information. Given the volume of data that may be generated, some sources can be improved by intelligent local processing and filtering of data for selective reporting. This paper proposes the design of a real time adaptive framework that covers the process of predicting, responding and monitoring unusual behaviors in patient data in a data warehouse environment.


The United States Army is concerned that its installations face multiple resource issues, including water security. Critical water issues include supply, cost, and quality. Strategies are needed to mitigate any adverse affects. To develop these strategies, information was gathered from national watershed screenings and regional water budgets, including supply and demand data from regions containing Army installations. The information was then used to develop installation water-demand projections that look beyond the boundaries of an installation and out 30 years into the future to identify the potential for water scarcity. Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and Fort Bliss, Texas–New Mexico, were used as specific examples to illustrate the critical role that water plays in the future of Army installations. Fort Bragg is not likely to have water availability issues out to 2030, because it will be accessing municipal water supplies. Fort Bliss will likely face water availability issues because the aquifer from which it draws its potable water is being used by more and more other parties.


Aiming at storing and transmitting the real time data of energy management system in the industrial production, an online data compression technique is proposed. Firstly, the auto regression model of a group of sequence is established. Secondly, the next sampled data can be predicted by the model. If the estimated error is in the allowable range, we save the parameters of model and the beginning data. Otherwise, we save the data and repeat the method from the next sampled data. At Last, the method is applied in electricity energy data compression of a beer production. The application result verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The major eruption that occurred on 15 January 2022 on Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) in Tonga generated powerful acoustic waves that propagated through the atmosphere all over the world. Although the eruption energy was soon estimated from the acoustic waves and the ash cloud, its ranking on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is still debated. Here, we show the erupted magma volume can be calculated from the significant resonance of the remote seismoacoustic waves recorded in Taiwan. A resonant frequency (f) of ∼0.0117 Hz persisted for >25 min was clearly recorded by both a dense broadband seismic array and also several infrasonic stations in Taiwan. If the volcanic cavity produced by the erupting magma is considered a classic Helmholtz resonator, then the f constrains the possible volume of the erupted magma to 0.215±0.015  km3. We may conclude that the major eruption on HTHH rated a 4 on the VEI scale. In addition to neutralization between low content of the sulfur dioxide and a huge amount of water, it is potentially too small to cause any significant climate change in 2022.


By adopting the "2F4S" comprehensive integrated cultivation technology including the fine sowing,fine management,suitable sowing period,suitable sowing density,suitable harvest period and suitable green insect control,5 sweet glutinous hybrid corn varieties of Dinuo 278,Jingkenuo 2000,Ditian 6,Ditian 10 and Xiannuo 1 were planted,in recent two years,the planting promotion area amounts to 1 966.667 hm2 with an average yield increase of 2 550 kg/hm2,an average income increase of more than 4 500 yuan(RMB) /hm2 and new economic benefits of 10 680 million yuan(RMB).


Design patterns are a high level approach for reuse in software engineering area. The number of design patterns is rising rapidly, which makes selecting appropriate one harder task. This issue is especially clear for less experienced developers.
In this paper we present our approach to address the presented issue of managing and selecting design patterns - an experiment prototype of a new design pattern repository, based on semantic web technologies. New Ontology-Based Design Pattern Repository is currently a work in progress. This is why we point out only its potentials for improving design pattern adoption.


Examinations of the professional socialization that accompanies graduate school training generally view this socialization as developmental and do not often explore its effect on the self of students. By proposing a conceptualization of this process as resocialization, this paper discusses the possibility of negative effects on students' self. Structural features of graduate school, including the independence of student/teacher roles and relationships, the subordinate and dependent social status of graduate students, and the expectation that graduate student will be one's primary role, are theorized as interacting with individuals' undergraduate experiences, expectations of graduate school, and current self-images to affect the probability of lowered self-esteem. The possibility of such negative effects raises questions concerning the appropriateness of current methods of graduate education;


Abstract The regulation theory is a very robust way to achieve the asymptotic tracking of input references on Linear Time-Invariant systems generated by an exosystem. Nevertheless, the classical regulation theory cannot be applied to the asymptotic tracking of non-sinusoidal periodic references having an infinite number of harmonics (as triangular waves). In literature many methods have been proposed to deal with this kind of problem. In this paper a novel approach based on a Switched Linear Internal Model is proposed by presenting some preliminary results. This approach seems particularly promising in terms of robustness to disturbances not "captured" by the internal model and this is the main motivation of starting this study.


lives in modern and traditional cultures throughout the world. Each chapter covers, in various degrees of depth, the characteristics of women's lives through a life-span perspective and through the elaboration of key life events, such as marriage, work, divorce, pregnancy, and childbirth. In some chapters, the authors focus on specific topics of a given culture. For example, the chapter on Egypt and the Sudan presents a vivid description of female circumcision. The chapter on Hindu women in India, which discusses the relationship between mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law in the Hindu culture, bears an amazing resemblance to Paulo Freire's conceptualization of the pedagogy of the oppressed in that the oppressed absorbs the characteristics of the oppressor, and, given the circumstances, she or he acts according to those traits. It soon becomes clear to the reader that although the people in most of the countries represented in this book prefer sons to daughters and discriminate against females, non-Western cultures are not always


Mineral wool is one of the most commonly used types of thermal insulation in the European Union at the present, however, it generates massive amounts of waste. From an environmental standpoint, recycling or reuse of insulation materials seems to be a wise solution. This paper aims to study the thermal and structural properties of recycled mineral wool insulation recovered from construction and demolition waste. The thermal conductivity, the basic parameter characterizing thermal insulation materials, was measured using a heat flow meter. Test specimens with various bulk density (in the range 50–120 kg/m3) were made from micro-milled and chopped waste material (cladding of 30 years old building). The obtained results were compared with reference samples (non-contaminated blown mineral wool insulation Supafil Loft 045).


consumption needs and ecosystem health have become important policy goals in the worldwide. Management of riparian vegetation is one strategy to achieve these goals. Terminalia arjuna is one of the key species in the Cauvery river to fulfill the strategy to maintain the river quality healthier. The widespread rootmat of this species protect the waterway from erosion and pollutants entering the river. It acts has a natural wall along the river bank resists soil erosion during flooding thereby avoiding the water loss due to the bank widening. Keeping increasing water scarcity and flood disaster in the lower reaches during monsoon, conservation and management of Terminalia arjuna in the upper reaches helps to reduce flood velocities and increase the further flow towards lower reaches, thereby maintaining the river water healthier.


This paper aims to show that phase synchronisation features can be used successfully in BrainComputer Interfaces (BCI) based on magnetoencephalography (MEG). While the MEG is not portable, short preparation time, high spatial resolution and signal quality make it simple to test new algorithms. This can increase motivation for patients who are still mobile. Phase synchronisation has been associated with mental tasks previously [1]. Results in the field of BCIs based on EEG have been published by Gysels et al. [2] and others. Gysels found that synchronisation measures combined with the classical power spectral density (PSD) estimates can lead to improved results compared to using one measure only. Due to synchrony being a measure for channel pairs, n channels result in O(n) features, making feature selection a vital ingredient for the high number of MEG channels. In an offline analysis, we compare synchronisation features to the AR (model order 2) results to be found in Lal et al. [3]. We use the same data and feature selection methods as in their experiment to foster a fair comparison. A combination of different feature types is also examined.


Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment of acne inversa.Methods Seventeen outpatients with acne inversa were collected in the Institute of Dermatology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from January l,2012 to December 31,2012.The general condition,clinical feature and treatment of these patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results All the patients were male with the age at onset being about 20 years and disease duration varying from 2 to 50 years.Characteristic clinical manifestations were recurrent tender inflammatory papules,nodules,abscesses,fistulae and sinus tracts in the neck,axillary fossa,groin,perineum and buttocks.Among these patients,10 had a family history and seven were sporadic with mild symptoms.Oral tretinoin combined with antibiotics were the main treatment,and surgical treatment was usually used for severe patients.Conclusions Acne inversa is mainly manifested as abscess,sinus and scars in areas bearing apocrine sweat glands,and therapeutic regimen should be selected according to the severity of lesions.

Key words:
Acne inversa;  Hidradenitis suppurativa;  Retrospective studies


"The main goal of this study was to examine the relationship between the type of behavioural self-regulation and psychophysical health of employees in the Republic of Serbia. Following the Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2002), Hodgins and Knee (2002) proposed that human beings possess an inherited organismic core self, which develops in a social context that fosters or precludes the fulfilment of any or all three basic psychological needs: relatedness, competence, and autonomy. The quality of social support during child's development are theorized to yield three broad types of ego-systems depending on how many needs are fulfilled. These three ego-systems include the integrated self (int-s), the ego-invested self (e-i-s), and the impersonal self (imp-s), differing in the level of autonomy and integration in behavioural self-regulation. Previous studies indicate that level of needs satisfaction and integration of self is related to a better health and health protective behaviour (e.g., Ntoumanis et al., 2021; Ng et al., 2012; Hodgins et al., 1996). The psychophysical health was considered here as the absence of health disorder symptoms within five domains: physical health, depression reactions, fatigue, fear and anxiety, and social functioning. The data were gathered from an at-hand sample of 331 employees, with different work tenure (13 years in average), gender (65% were women), and with the average age of 39. Two questionnaires were applied to gather data on self-regulation of everyday behaviour and data on five dimensions of health. The ego-functioning questionnaire (EFQ; Majstorovi?, 2007, ?(int,e-i,imp) = .75; .75; .88) is a 30-items tool administered to estimate the dominant type of self-regulation, while psychophysical health scale (SPFZ-1; Majstorovi?, 2011; ? = .91) with 23 items asks employees to self-evaluate the frequency of health disorder symptoms. Based on scores greater than mean value on one EFQ subscale and below mean value on the remaining two, the sample size was reduced to 128 participants and three groups with one dominant type of self-regulation were formed. Univariate ANOVA revealed that employees with a dominant impersonal self-regulation, compared to integrated and ego-invested regulation, report significantly more frequent symptoms on all health domains. Work tenure, gender, and age of employees do not moderate this relationship. It was concluded that these results corroborate an organismic hypothesis of self with better health expected within more authentic and more integrated ego-system. Implications of SDT based health interventions in work setting are discussed."


Focuses on the popularity of executive development programs in universities in the United States. Several universities that have started the programs since 1946; Several companies and business grou...


Modern networked control systems are cyber-physical systems (CPSs), in which the cyber space is tightly integrated with the physical world and human intervention. Forming the basis of future smart services, CPSs are expected to significantly promote our life. However, CPSs also suffer from cyber-attacks due to their increasing connections to the Internet. This paper investigates secure model predictive control (MPC) for constrained CPSs subject to actuator attacks, which intentionally manipulate control commands from a controller to actuators. In our study, the theory of invariant set is used to construct a Luenberger observer for error-bounded state estimation in the presence of actuator attacks. Then, a robust output feedback MPC controller is designed for constrained and attacked systems based on a set-membership state estimator. After that, stability conditions are theoretically established for the proposed MPC controller. A numerical example is also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed secure MPC approach.


: A decision support system, including a multi-objective optimization framework and a multi-attribute decision making approach is proposed for satellite equipment layout. Firstly, given three objectives (to minimize the C.G. offset, the cross moments of inertia and the space debris impact risk), we develop a three-dimensional layout optimization model. Unlike most of the previous works just focusing on mass characteristics of the system, a space debris impact risk index is developed. Secondly, we develop an ef-fi cient optimization framework for the integration of computer-aided design (CAD) software as well as the optimization algorithm to obtain the Pareto front of the layout optimization problem. Thirdly, after obtaining the candidate solutions, we present a multi-attribute decision making approach, which integrates the smart Pareto fi lter and the correlation coef fi cient and standard deviation (CCSD) method to select the best tradeoff solutions on the optimal Pareto fronts. Finally, the framework and the decision making approach are applied to a case study of a satellite platform.


The aim of this research is to find out whether the students' ability in writing procedure text can be increased by using the 'Magic Back and Forth' Media or not. So, the title of this Classroom Action Research is " Increasing Students' Writing Ability by Using the Magic Back and Forth Media at Class IX- B SMPN 3 X Koto Singkarak ". This research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) and the subject of the research is 29 students of class IX- B . The research was conducted in two cycles which there were four steps for each cycle; planning, acting, observing and reflecting. The data were collected through observation, questionaire, and conducting the test after implementing each cycle. The results of each cycle showed that the students' writing ability can be increased by Using the 'Magic Back and Forth' Media . It can be seen from the res ul t of the tests'; 71, 9 at cycle 1 and 77 , 7 at cycle 2. Key Words : writing ability, procedure text, magic back and forth media.


Free energy calculation is a challenging problem in molecular dynamics (MD). Its key issue is to get entropy. However, entropy seems difficult to be obtained by MD directly, but requires support from other methods, such as phonon theory and cluster variation method, etc. In this work, we find a way to obtain free energy by a single MD task. It is derived from phonon theory and fluctuation theory first, and then we prove that it does not rely on phonon theory but can be independent. Finally, we use this method to study Si, find the results in agreement with experiment.


Abstract The increasing number of young urbanites settling into the countryside of Japan compels urgent research on communities with newcomers and newly emerging lifestyles. This article explores the daily practices of newcomers to rural areas to understand the complexity of the transformation of rurality in contemporary post-growth Japan. This study was conducted in 2011–2015 and draws upon ethnographic data from rural communities. The article details three distinctive lifestyles practiced by rural newcomers: self-sufficiency in food, agro-entrepreneurship, and an "average" way of life. This article analyzes contemporary rural Japan through the lens of heterotopia as a specific characteristic of modern space where seemingly incompatible sites are set side by side. Highlighting the complexity of contemporary rural spaces allows for challenging the norms of conventional perceptions of rurality.


A how-to guide for accessing materials from FSCJ Libraries Request a digital media production, learn how to empty your voice-mailbox, review an Office 365 overview, find out how to obtain Microsoft Office for free, submit a technology request ticket, launch a help desk chat session, and much more in this helpful


The proletarian habitus general practitioner in the current Colombian health system as a social space of the medical field, is produced by social conditionin...


This study aims to determine the significance of pbv and roe influence indirectly on BBRI's share price. This study uses an associative approach. The associative approach aims to determine the indirect influence of PBV and ROE on BBRI's share price. Data collection techniques performed by researchers is to perform documentation techniques and library studies. The analysis tools used in this study used path analysis with the help of SPSS 22. Based on the results of the analysis conducted, the results showed that PBV indirectly has an insignificant effect on the share price of BBRI and ROE indirectly has a significant effect on the share price of BBRI


CCN has become the groundwork of much of the ICN work in the past few years. Since the project started in 2007 and with the release of the CCNx distribution in 2009 there has been a growing interest in the CCN architecture. CCN has continued to advance as we've learned from simulation, research, experimentation and prototyping. CCN 1.0 is the evolution of CCN. This tutorial will cover the base networking protocol. It will go over the changes in the protocol and the reasons for the changes as well as a description of the new techniques and constructs used. Finally, as time permits we will go over the status of the current software suite.


Third Millennium has started and has brought a new political and social world order that has never happened before in human history. As one of the deep consequences of that, for society is the emerging of different paradigms for education in all levels. For high education the necessary changes are even more immediate although it is not an easy task. Superior education institutions are running fast to modernize and to form the new professional for XXI Century. In engineering education field it is not different, as well as in any other area there is the necessity of a professional qualified and mainly with skills to act locally in a global context. These peculiar aspects of education leads to some necessities that have emerged worldwide and in the list of the most important is the international experience in the formation of the future professional. In South America the efforts of creating a similar education system in every level has been enhanced by the Mercosul that propitiates an extensive discussion. In engineering education field these efforts have been enriched by the efforts of Iberia Peninsula Education Institutions of Engineering to foster the exchange of experiences and the development of projects between engineering education institutions from South America countries and Iberia Peninsula countries. The biannual meetings with all the engineering institutions since 1997 have been presenting good results so far and in 2001 during the ASIBEI meeting the "Rio Declaration" has generated some guidelines for future conversations about collaborative programs, which is very positive considering the very different social and cultural realities of the two continents. The perspectives for the future are promising once some activities have already started and the existence already of French-Brazilian and Italian-Brazilian diplomas as one example of international formation for engineers. At the moment it is not possible to predict the future of the discussions and experiences in engineering education between both continents but there is no step back and the academic midst has felt it. This is an ambitious project that although it is very difficult to accomplish is at the same time so much necessary.


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The article is devoted to the problem of patriotic education of the younger generation on the historical heritage of the Great Patriotic War. It provides a critical analysis of the state of knowledge of this topic. Special attention is paid to acute and debatable issues related to the interpretation of this most important event in our national history. The analysis of legal regulation in the field of education in the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993 with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on July 1, 2020) and the formation of the Russian Federation. The article examines the issues of patriotic education and the formation of national self-awareness of youth on the examples of the heroism of the Soviet people, captured in the literature about the Great Patriotic War. A line is drawn of the conceptual significance of the successive transmission of the traditions of the heroic past of our country to subsequent generations. The experience of general education institutions of the city district of Nalchik on the organization of patriotic education of students is generalized. The article highlights traditional and innovative forms and means of forming civic values of youth.


This research aims to determine the degree to which liquidity, profitability, and leverage affect dividend policy in Food and Beverage Sub Companies listed on the IDX from 2017 to 2019. Purposive sampling is conducted in this kind of quantitative study, with up to 11 samples drawn from a total of 32 organizations. In this study, the following analytical tools were applied: the Validity Test, Reliability Test, Classic Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, t Test, F Test, and Coefficient of Determination Test. To the study's findings based on the limited test, liquidity significantly affects dividend policy. Leverage has a low positive impact on dividend policy as well as a low positive impact on profitability.


Advanced language programming, which is an important course in computer science major, plays an important role in computer major. At the same time, programming language is also the previous course for the subsequent courses including "data structure" , "Algorithm Design and Analysis" , " Principles of Compiling" , "Operating System" , etc. These courses have close relation with each other. Focusing on the relations among programming language course and its subsequent courses, the influence of the relative concepts and principles of computer major courses to the advanced programming is analyzed. The idea of gradually penetrating the computer major knowledge into the programming language is presented. It is emphasized that this method should be implemented at the proper time by the proper teaching instances. This method aims at finding a new way for student to improve the programming teaching quality and help students understand the concept and principle about the programming language. Furthermore, this method can also establish studying interest and confidence for student to program. In virtual of the instance analysis, the feasibility and implementation condition is discussed.


The invention discloses a recycling device of waste mortar of concrete blocks. The recycling device comprises a grinding machine, a sand conveying barrel, a feeding cavity and a waste storage tank, wherein a discharging hole of the sand conveying barrel is communicated with a feeding hole of the grinding machine by the feeding cavity; the feeding cavity is provided with a water feeding pipe; a stirrer is arranged in the waste storage tank; a lifter is arranged on the waste storage tank; the waste storage tank is communicated with the feeding cavity by the lifter. The recycling device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that waste mortar is uniformly stirred by the stirring machine in the waste storage tank, uniform waste mortar is conveyed into the feeding cavity for recycling by the lifter on the waste storage tank, long-time precipitation and separation is not needed, raw materials are saved, the cost is reduced, and environmental pollution is avoided.


The study was carried out in Hakaluki Haor situated in Kulaura upazila under Moulvibazar district of Sylhet in Bangladesh to determine the nature and women participation in livestock and poultry rearing. Livestock and poultry rearing is an important income generating activity for haor women. Traditionally their involvement was significant as a part of homework. In the study, data were collected purposively in 2012 including both men and women based on different livestock and poultry rearing activities. The findings indicate that women's participation is more significant in rearing activities. Haor women were more involved in terms of feeding, management, and marketing of livestock and poultry products. Considering all the livestock and poultry rearing activities, female participated 42% as compared to the male (39%) out of 90 households respectively. It was also found that women's participation is increased in decision making regarding livestock and poultry rearing activities as well as family aspects. The average Decision Making Index (DMI) was 1.03 for rearing livestock and poultry while 0.98 was in family matters, which indicated that women's involvement is significant on household income. Finally, government, NGOs and policy makers should give more emphasis on haor women who have great opportunities to participate in home based income activities and to reduce poverty. Moreover, financial support and easy access to training would upgrade their skills and technological knowledge in the expansion of livestock and poultry rearing in haor area of Bangladesh.


Inequity between urban and rural education prevalently exists in China. A Lack of qualified teachers is the main reason for disadvantaged education in rural areas. In order to solve this problem, Live Broadcast Classroom was adopted for use in grade 5 English classes. 90 students and 3 teachers of 3 classes from two primary schools in Yunnan Province were selected as participants. As for methodology, quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Results showed it was feasible to use Live Broadcast Classroom in solving the inequity problem in micro-level education i.e., classroom: the gap between students' scores and attitudes towards English between urban and rural classes was narrowed. Challenges still exist and some suggestions are put forward in the end.


This paper presents a technique for the increasing reliability of a brushless DC motor for special applications. If there is need to continue the motion after one phase supply failure and to finish engineering procedure, the technique can be implemented. The technique can be used in the systems requiring increased reliability, e.g. in drive systems for space applications and the like.


With middle-early mature cotton Hengmian No.4 as tested material,three planting density levels of 3.75×104,5.25×104,6.75×104plants/hm2 were set under equal row space 0.8 m condition and effects of different planting densities on bolls spatial and temporal distribution and yield were studied.The results showed that the 1-10 fruit branches and the 1-2 fruit nodes were the key positions for bolls setting of cotton under different planting densities.With the increasing of planting density,the growth position of first fruit branch was increased and fruit branches were up,plant type become compact and bolls also tended to concentration.Proportion of bolls number on the 1-5 fruit branches in total bolls number increased,while the trend was contrary on the 6-10 fruit branches.Proportion of bolls number on more than 11 fruit branches in total bolls number first decreased and then increased.Proportion of bolls number on the 1-2 fruit nodes in total bolls number increased gradually while the trend was contrary on the 3-4 and more than 5 fruit nodes.According to temporal distribution of boll setting,early summer bolls number and summer bolls number increased with the increasing of planting density.When the planting density was 6.75×104 plants/hm2,the seed yield,lint yield and flowering rate before frost of Hengmian No.4 were the highest and reached 3 310.61 kg/hm2,1 271.90 kg/hm2 and 94.94% respectively.


Cardiac output (CO) determination based on partial CO2 rebreathing has recently been introduced into clinical practice. The determination of flow is crucial for exact CO readings and the physical properties of xenon, i.e. high density and viscosity, may influence flow readings. This study compared echocardiography‐derived CO measurements with the partial rebreathing method during total intravenous (TIVA) vs. xenon‐based anaesthesia. Thirty‐nine patients ASA physical status III undergoing aortic reconstruction were randomly assigned to receive either xenon (Xe, n = 20) or TIVA (T, n = 19) based general anaesthetic. Paired measurements were taken before xenon administration, after xenon administration, before and after clamping of the abdominal aorta and after declamping and at corresponding time points in the TIVA group. Data were analysed with a Bland‐Altmann plot. Bias and precision were acceptable and comparable before xenon administration (T 0.54 ± 0.92 l.min−1 vs. Xe 0.11 ± 1.1 l.min−1), but after xenon administration CO was largely overestimated by partial CO2 rebreathing (T 0.04 ± 0.91 l.min−1 vs. Xe −4.0 ± 2.1 l.min−1). In the TIVA group, bias and precision after declamping increased significantly (P < 0.01) compared to all time points except baseline. In its current application, the NICO cardiac output monitor appears to be inappropriate for determination of CO during xenon based anaesthesia.


the interconnectedness of mathematics and other subject areas and how mathematical skills can be used in other subjects. Part four is a compilation of resources for rethinking mathematics teaching and learning from a social justice perspective. These carefully selected websites, books (practical and theoretical), and curriculum resource guides contain great ideas for teachers who want to use social justice issues to drive the mathematics they teach. Rethinking Mathematics: Teaching Social Justice by the Numbers is a significant contribution to the literature on social justice and mathematics education. The book offers teachers practical activities and ideas that they can use in their classrooms. The editors and the contributors have implicitly challenged all of us in the business of educating students at all levels to reflect on our curriculum and instructional practices and to ask ourselves two important questions. First, what are the goals and rationale for mathematics education? Second, what sociopolitical values are implicit in the mathematics curriculum and teaching? The essays and teaching suggestions presented throughout this book show how we can teach students rigorous content and at the same time bring the world into the mathematics classroom so that students can see and experience the power of mathematics as a tool for reading the world. As Zaslavky eloquently indicated in chapter 14, "Bringing the world into the mathematics class by introducing both cultural applications and current societal issues motivates and empowers students.... 10 carry out such a program effectively requires a new approach to curriculum development, teacher education, and assessment processes. But it is well worth the effort" (p, 128-129).


This paper investigates the power efficient motion estimation for real time video codecs. The purpose of this project is to examine fast motion estimation search strategies based on block matching techniques while maintaining acceptable output Video Quality. The algorithems are implemented in C-language. Various block matching techniques are discussed & implemented: Full search, Three Step Search, Four Step Search and Block Based Gradient Decent Diamond Search. Comparisons are made between the optimal searching technique, i.e. exhaustive searching (full search), and the above mentioned techniques using the PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and the number of SAD (Sum of Absolute Difference) calculations. All the simulation results are shown in detail.


This thesis seeks to identify how contextual information available to mobile devices in an ad hoc network can be used to improve the availability of data shared between them.


B/S construction is the mainstream construction system of the present distributed computing processing network system.The focus of the current informationization work in our country is to promote E-government construction.A system based on B/S to develop E-government applications.was proposed.The quality of the qualified E-government management system was designed and implemented based on a B/S construction system.The system structure,various functional modules and database as well as the key technology realization were described in great detail.


Physical activity offers the possibility of extending authomy for a longer life period, reducing functional limitations of aging. Literature shows that older people may benfit of physical activity in several ways. In this review, present recomendations of prescriptions for older people are examined. It is important to outline that benefits of physical activity may not be obtained unless it is practiced regularly. Therefore, professionals of physical activity that deal with older adults are cha- llenged to design physical activity programs that provide adecuate motivation to develope (train) diferent components of fitness related with older adult's health (endurance, strenght, flexibility and balance) through daily activity.


Atlantic salmon are facing population declines and loss of productivity within populations due to anthropogenic impact factors and reduced survival at sea. Biobanking is an increasingly used tool to conserve the genetic integrity and diversity of populations threatened by extirpation. The aim of the current article is to discuss the opportunities and challenges that increased use of cryopreservation brings to biobanking activities, using the Norwegian Gene Bank (NGB) for Atlantic salmon as a model system. The NGB was established in 1985 and involves a traditional living gene bank, as well as "frozen gene bank" where paternal germplasm is stored as cryopreserved sperm. Cryopreservation is a method where cells or tissues are frozen in liquid nitrogen to temperatures where all biological processes are paused, thus allowing the cells to remain viable after later warming/thawing to temperatures above 0°C. Cryopreservation is therefore used in long‐term preservation of genetic diversity and characteristics of wild populations. Until recently, implementation of large scale use of cryopreserved sperm in the live gene bank has been limited by a lack of protocols/capacity to preserve larger portions of sperms. More recent developments in cryopreservation methodologies, now enables preservation of samples sufficient for mass fertilization. Mass fertilization by cryopreserved sperm opens new opportunities to gene bank operations, including increased capacity to restore lost populations, mitigation of genetic changes in broodstock fish, as well as increased capacity at live gene bank facilities through the replacement of older males with frozen sperm. Knowledge demands regarding potential genetic damage to cryopreserved milt and potential epigenetic effects caused by the cryopreservation procedure should, however, be addressed.


In the EXIT procedure, an incision is made similarly to that for a cesarean section. Following uterine incision, the baby is partially delivered by the obstetrician but remains attached to the maternal-fetal unit, allowing the pediatric surgeon to establish or secure an airway while the baby maintains oxygen saturation on uteroplacental support. Once the airway has been secured, the obstetric team resumes control of the procedure, the umbilical cord is cut and clamped, and the delivery of the baby is completed.


Just as with other social sciences, statistical methods and questions of research design are becoming increasingly important in (applied) linguistics. There is an increasing number of publications in which statistical methods are used, and there are even several journals and monograph series especially devoted to the statistical study of linguistic phenomena.' In spite of this situation, so far only a few books especially designed to introduce (applied) linguists to research design and statistics have been published. Because the vast majority of researchers in applied and particularly general linguistics have had little or no systematic training in statistics and the design of empirical research, the question of how best to introduce them to statistics and research methods is of increasing significance. I will now review two books especially designed as introductory textbooks on statistics (and research design) for (applied) linguists. In this context I will briefly discuss my view of how textbooks intended to introduce (applied) linguists to statistics and research design should be


This paper presents a new approach for scalable Quality of Service (QoS) based on a resource manager with the focus on Voice over IP (VoIP) in corporate networks. We first review the requirements of VoIP and consider typical network scenarios as well as existing approaches. In our approach several network domains have local resource managers (RM), which are in charge of the local network resources. This architecture has the advantage that only one new network element is needed, which also simplifies QoS signaling. We furthermore discuss ways for automatic configuration of the resource manager and enhance VoIP signaling (H.323) by QoS signaling with the resource manager. We show that the architecture fulfills the main requirements for VoIP, in particular minimal call setup delay and low management and installation effort.


Abstract A catalyst system of manganese with 2,2-bipyridine for amide alcoholysis of N-β-hydroxyethylamides is described. This protocol enabled selective cleavage of the amide bond through a mechanism involving sequential N,O-acyl rearrangement and transesterification.


Ultrasonic microbubbles in combination with microRNA (miRNAs/miRs) exhibited promising effects on cancer treatments. The aim was to investigate the role of miR-378 in hepatoma cells and the efficiency of it in combination with ultrasonic irradiation and SonoVue® microbubbles method for cell transfection. HuH-7, Hep3B and SK-Hep1 cells were transfected with an miR-378 mimic using only Lipofectamine® 3000 or combined with SonoVue microbubbles and ultrasonic irradiation at 0.5 W/cm2 for 30 sec. mRNAs and protein levels of Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, Bax, Akt, p53 and Survivin were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. Cell survival rate, proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8, cell double cytochemical staining and flow cytometry, respectively. It was found that using a combination of ultrasonic irradiation and the SonoVue microbubbles method increased the effectiveness of miR-378 transfection into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and increased the inhibition of cell survival and proliferation. Moreover, miR-378 increased the rate of apoptosis and upregulated the expression of Bax and p53, and suppressed the cell cycle and downregulated the expression of Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, Akt, β-catenin and Survivin much more effectively in the HCC cell line by applying the combined method. Thus, miR-378 was shown to be a suppressive factor to reduce proliferation and increase apoptosis in HCC cells. Additionally, the combination of ultrasonic irradiation and SonoVue microbubbles method was more efficient in the transfection of miRNA.


Children and adolescents with intellectual disability have higher rates of mental health problems compared with there typically developing peers. Social support has been identified as an important protective factor for psychological well - being. In this paper we discuss the benefits of social support networks, and consider approaches for promoting children's perceptions of the availability of social support.  We describe an evidence-based intervention that has been specially adapted and implemented for students with intellectual disability in school settings.  In a randomised controlled trial, the Aussie Optimism Resilience Skills Program was associated with improved perceptions of social support following a 10-week intervention. Educators need to be aware of the increased vulnerability of students with intellectual disability to the development mental health problems and the proactive ways in which they can promote psychological well - being within their classrooms.  Keywords: students, intellectual disability , disability, mental health, social support.


When notifying the presence of at least one group message to at least one group of one or more subscriber unit in a wireless communication system (FCS) (MC1) (GN1), from at least one network element (BS1) additionally at least one group paging indicator signal (GPI1) is displayed is transmitted to the subscriber unit for each group.


Objective:To study the influence of bisphosphonates on serum bone metabolism indexes,bone mineral density and various MMP of patients with osteoporosis caused by ankylosing spondylitis.Methods:A total of 46patients with osteoporosis caused by ankylosing spondylitis admitted in our hospital from October 2009to December 2012were selected,and they were randomly divided into control group(routine treatment group)and observation group(bisphosphonates group)by half.Serum bone metabolism indexes,bone mineral density indexes and MMP-2,MMP-9,MMP-13of two groups before the treatment and at third and sixth month after the treatment were compared.Results:The serum bone metabolism indexes of observation group at third and sixth month after the treatment were all significantly better than those of control group,osteoporosis rate were significantly lower than those of control group,bone mineral density were significantly higher than those of control group,serum MMP-2,MMP-9and MMP-13were significantly lower than those of control group too(all P0.05).Conclusion:Bisphosphonates has great effect on the serum bone metabolism indexes,bone mineral density and various MMP of patients with osteoporosis caused by ankylosing spondylitis,so it is valuable in clinical application.


This study explored the multiple effects of "professionalization" discourse on the creation of a new early childhood teacher certification program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The study explored two questions: How is the influence of professional ideology on the construction of the program linked to university prestige and expert knowledge? and How are professional identities represented in the text in terms of science and welfare? The work of Foucault was used to form an archaeological investigation of faculty meeting minutes and memos from the Elementary Education Area. These archival texts were examined for discursive formations without temporal relationships. In so doing, distinctions that were made about university-based teacher education, and the historical relationships through which they emerged, became more visible. The study concluded that various historical constructions governed the creation of the new program, including university prestige, expertise, psychology, and play. Seemingly apolitical, each of these constructions worked to solidify part of an apparatus of power that shapes and manages individuals and populations by formulating the terms of "normality" and "expertise." Unlike more traditional forms of governing, this type of management governs people under the auspices of being more "professional." (Author/EV) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION Office or Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document hasbeen reproduced as received from the person Of organization originating rL 0 Minor changes have been made to improvo reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent OrtiCial OERI position or policy. PROFESSIONALISM AND REFORM IN TEACHING CURRICULUM: AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION re tai L Katharina E. Heyning University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Curriculum and Instruction Mailing address: P.O. Box 14535, Madison, WI 53714-0535 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association March 24-28 Chicago Session 28.25 "Small Roundables: Perspectives on College Teaching" ST COPY NM L PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


This paper proposes minimum mean square error (MMSE)-based amplify-and-forward (AF) relay amplifying matrices under perfectly and imperfectly known channel state information by imposing a constraint on the transmit power of the relays. The main objective of this paper is to determine optimal relay amplifying matrices with and without channel uncertainty under the transmit power constraint at the relays. Additionally, by using the derived optimal relay amplifying matrices, it is proven that the better BER performance is observed when power is constrained at the relays during data transmission, compared to the no-power constraint case in [6]. Finally, simulation results show that the MMSE cost function values with and without channel uncertainty are always less than the number of sources and destinations (M), regardless of the number of relays (N).


A site identification study has been conducted to identify and categorize a number of candidate sites that appear to be suitable for the location of a repository for radioactive waste on the Hanford Site. Three objectives were defined as a basis for the selection of guidelines for screening. These were: (1) maximize public health and safety; (2) minimize adverse environmental and socioeconomic impact; and (3) minimize system costs. For each objective, appropriate considerations were identified; a guideline for which would be the delineation of progressively smaller siting areas and sites that may be suitable for locating a repository. This document is designed to be used as the reference framework for guiding the qualification of identified sites in lieu of formal NRC-issued criteria. As such, it will serve as a framework for guiding our research and development effort. A site will be considered qualified when, having been characterized in detail, it is demonstrated to meet these requirements and thus can be offered for formal licensing by the NRC.


Researches have indicated that not more than 20–22 per cent of modern scientific technologies have been adopted by the farming community due to one or the other reasons. The level of extent of transfer of crop production technologies in rapeseed and mustard was medium with 66 per cent followed by high (28%) and low (6%). In case of gram, the extent of transfer of crop production technologies was low with 53 per cent followed by 47 per cent of farmers with medium level of extent of transfer. However, the level of extent of transfer in bajra production technologies was medium with 51 per cent of farmer followed by high (29%) and low (21%) level of extent of transfer. Most of the dryland farmers were having lack of information/knowledge about recommended high yielding varieties, seed treatment, bio-fertilizer application, integrated pest management, integrated weed management and chemical plant protection measures; therefore, they should be educated by the extension personnel of state Department of Agriculture and State Agricultural University by organizing the training programmes and conducting demonstrations on the recommended dryland farming crop production technologies.


To avoid bowel disease recurrence replanted at another medical auxiliary equipment when cut. A method for removing intestinal facilitate excision of the medical device. It is connected by a mushroom head (4) and the inner core (2) and via a screw housing (1), and then inserted into the anus. After the instrument inserted into the anus mushroom head (4) and the inner core (2) by unscrewing the screw assembly, the mushroom head (4) is replaced, put the first hole (5), in the same way screwed into housing (1) , through the inner ring (3) and outer ring (6) to avoid leakage of intestinal hand force control after the forceps (J) was excised gripping head through the aperture (5) in the same manner as the first hole (5 ), an outer ring (6) and the inner core (2) unscrewing. It is easy manufacturing, and it can be ensured using forceps resected bowel disease (Q) in said housing (1) to avoid the direct isolation reaches bowel disease (Q) in the other cell wall again (C ) possible locations planting and relapse.


A vertical city with multifunctional land use turns out to be the most viable solution for an urban condition characterized by increasing density due to population expansion, topographical limitation of buildable land, economic development and the pursuit for collective sustainable living, such as in Hong Kong. This paper presents initial research results from a study on the chronological and typological evolution of tall buildings in the city, from the climate-responsive verandah typology to the mixed-use hyper-commercial podium and residential tower typologies that predominate today, to the ultimate formation of a vertical city. Case studies and surveys have focused on the development of this building typology throughout the decades since the 1920s, substantiating a discussion on the subjective and objective factors contributing to a genesis of the vertical city phenomenon in Hong Kong. The discussion will engage, under the notion of the vertical city, on how residents and visitors adapt to the growing density of the city, and how they accustom themselves to the changing urban morphology over time. Advantages such as high efficiency, spaces savings, time convenience, etc.; and disadvantages such as deficiency in livability, incompatibility of uses, environmental health deficiencies, etc.; serve as a reference for other cities in need of high-density planning due to population and economic growth.


The objective study on the type of syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine is an important item in modern traditional Chinese medicine. The recent studies show that micro-ecology and some theories of traditional Chinese medicine have unification in recognition. The application of the principles and methods of micro-ecology into the study of the objective index of the type of syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine not only helps to develop the integration of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, but also provides new ideas and methods for the modern study of traditional Chinese medicine and material medicine.


Secondary organic aerosols are believed to make an important contribution to the atmospheric radiation budget, though the exact mechanisms responsible for their formation are still uncertain. We compute a remarkably large contribution of hydroperoxides from the oxidation of biogenic monoterpenes. Although currently neglected in aerosol models, the hydroperoxides lead to 63% of our calculated global secondary organic aerosol formation, whereas carboxylic acids, usually considered as the dominant secondary organic aerosol precursors, were responsible for only 26%. Detailed studies are needed to determine the implications of this aerosol formation pathway for the total atmospheric aerosol burden and its impacts on climate.


For nearly three decades (1951-1980), the Grants uranium district in northwestern New Mexico produced more uranium than any other district in the world. The most important host rocks containing economic uranium deposits in New Mexico are sandstones within the Jurassic Morrison Formation. Approximately 334,506,000 lb of U{sub 3}O{sub 8} were produced from this unit from 1948 through 1987, accounting for 38% of the total uranium production from the US. All of the economic reserves and most of the resources in New Mexico occur in the Morrison Formation. Uranium deposits also occur in sandstones of Paleozoic, Triassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary formations; however, only 468,680 lb of U{sub 3}O{sub 8} or 0.14% of the total production from New Mexico have been produced from these deposits. Some of these deposits may have a high resource potential. In contrast, almost 6.7 million lb of U{sub 3}O{sub 8} have been produced from uranium deposits in the Todilto Limestone of the Wanakah Formation (Jurassic), but potential for finding additional economic uranium deposits in the near future is low. Other uranium deposits in New Mexico include those in other sedimentary rocks, vein-type uranium deposits, and disseminated magmatic, pegmatitic, and contact metasomatic uranium deposits in igneous andmore » metamorphic rocks. Production from these deposits have been insignificant (less than 0.08% of the total production from New Mexico), but there could be potential for medium to high-grade, medium-sized uranium deposits in some areas. Total uranium production from New Mexico from 1948 to 1987 amounts to approximately 341,808,000 lb of U{sub 3}O{sub 8}. New Mexico has significant uranium reserves and resources. Future development of these deposits will depend upon an increase in price for uranium and lowering of production costs, perhaps by in-situ leaching techniques.« less


Automatic segmentation of the prostate on CT images has many applications in prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy. However, prostate segmentation from CT images is a very challenging task due to the low contrast of soft tissue and the large variations of the prostate shape. In this paper, we propose an automatic segmentation method by using a two dimension (2-D) and a three dimension (3-D) convolutional neural network (CNN). First, instead of segmenting the whole image, we extract the volumes of interest (VOI) accurately to remove irrelevant regions by using a CNN based VOI extraction method (CBVEM). Then, we use the 3-D CNN to learn the holistic three-dimension deep features for distinguishing the prostate voxels from the non-prostate voxels in order to obtain the segmentation results. Deep learning networks can automatically learn the deep features based on the data, which are different from the handcrafted features. The proposed method has been evaluated on a dataset of 150 prostate CT images. Experimental results show that our method achieved a Dice similarity coefficient of 89.74% compared to the manual segmentation. Our deep learning based method is faster and returns similar results compared to those atlas-based, deformable model-based and feature-based classification methods. Due to the CBVEM and 3-D CNN, our method also achieves better performances on the same data in a minimum processing time compared to other deep CNN based methods. This proposed method for automatic segmentation of the prostate on 3-D CT images can have a variety of clinical applications.


Recent developments of sulfide glass electrolytes and solid-state batteries with these electrolytes are reviewed. Sulfide-based glass and glass-ceramic electrolytes in the systems Li 2 S-SiS 2 -Li 4 SiO 4 and Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 have the advantages of high Li + ion conductivity, wide electrochemical window, and low grain-boundary resistance as a compressed powder pellet. Bulk-type all-solid-state batteries with sulfide electrolytes exhibited excellent cycle performance at room temperature. High temperature operation and surface coating of active materials such as LiCoO 2 with oxide thin films were useful for improving rate performance of solid-state batteries. Sulfur was used as an active material for solid-state batteries and they exhibited a large reversible capacity of more than 1000 mAh g −1 with a good cyclability. Sulfide thin films were formed on LiCoO 2 particles by pulsed laser deposition and a favorable electrode–electrolyte interface was effective in enhancing the energy density of solid-state batteries.


We first consider the problem of learning k-parities in the on-line mistake-bound model: given a hidden vector x ∈ {0,1} n with |x| = k and a sequence of "questions" a1,a2,··· ∈ {0,1} n , where the algorithm must reply to each question with hai,xi (mod 2), what is the best tradeoff between the number of mistakes made by the algorithm and its time complexity? We improve the previous best result of Buhrman et. al. [BGM10] by an exp(k) factor in the time complexity. Second, we consider the problem of learning k-parities in the presence of classification noise of rate � ∈ (0, 1/2). A polynomial time algorithm for this problem (when � > 0 and k = !(1)) is a longstanding challenge in learning theory. Grigorescu et al. [GRV11] showed an algorithm running in time n k/2


In recent years, Deep Brain Stimulation
(DBS) treatments have attracted great interest
in the medical community, not only
for their effectiveness, but also for their expanded,
potential future applications. With
these great hopes come various accompanying
ethical challenges.

DBS is a psychosurgical invasive intervention
commonly used to treat various symptoms
of neurodegenerative diseases. For
instance, the most common application
of DBS treatments has targeted Parkinson's
symptoms such as tremor, rigidity,
stiffness, slowed movement, or even walking
problems. The technique consists of
implanting a battery-operated neuromedical
device which delivers an electrical stimulation
to a specific area of the patient's
brain. However, due to its invasive nature,
in order to qualify for DBS treatment, patients
must be in an advanced phases of
a neurodegenerative disease and have
demonstrated resistance to pharmacological
treatment. However, in the future, developments
in medical nanotechnologies
hold the potential to render the DBS procedure
less invasive, thereby expanding
the safety and range of applications for
these technologies.


The article thoroughly considers the algorithm of substantiation of tariff changes for completed cases paid at the expense of obligatory health insurance by diagnostic-related groups on the level of Russian regions. The analysis is performed on the example of patients, who need fast recovery of neuromuscular conductivity after administration of muscle relaxants during abdominal surgical operations including cholecystectomy. The data from the official statistical report forms on the number of abdominal surgical interventions for 2005–2017 were used. The results on the frequency of the use of muscle relaxants were based on the data obtained from medical organizations in different regions of Russia. The analysis of the procurement of muscle relaxants was performed using the data from the analytical system for monitoring of such procurement.


By field investigation in the upper reaches of the Weihe River,the Holocene loess-soil profile containing the typical palaeoflood slackwater deposit was found in the Baojixia Gorges.Analytical results of magnetic susceptibility,loss-on-ignition,CaCO3 content and grain-size distribution indicated that these palaeoflood deposits are different from the soil and the loess,and consists of fine silt and clay.According to this group of palaeoflood slackwater deposit location and climate change indicators such as magnetic susceptibility,through a number of profile comparison in Weihe River basin,and human remains of the Longshan Culture and the West Zhou dynasty,the palaeoflood events were dated to 3 200~3 000 a B.P..


I shall be speaking on my own behalf as well as on behalf of the Association of Subscription Agents. Recently the Association has made some changes in that by inviting associated membership we have opened our door to foreign agencies. The Association will thus represent a substantial part of the world's trade in subscription services. Our voice will formulate our concerns, and we will invite dialogue with all who, in our view, are shying away from our problems, who pretend our problems do not concern them, or who at best, sit on the sidelines waiting to see what others will do. I have been asked to speak on publishers' discount to agents. If the world were an ideal place I could just say well, of course, publishers must give reasonable discounts to agents to recognize the work they do in making their journals flow to the end user. Everybody knows that it is a truism! Then we could finish here and go for a walk or have a game of chess. But we do not live in an ideal world 1 have to make a case.


The appraisal of the effect of Corporate Governance (CG) to the performance of the firm measured by Economic Value Added (EVA), is the essence of the study from the gaining importance of motivating managers' i.e. enabling good governance for getting rid of destructive activities and investing in those projects that are expected to enhance shareholder value. The implications of the practices of corporate governance on the economic value added, of the sample companies are being explored and assessed to find out whether its conformance will improve corporate performance enthused by valuation reporting, EVA, which is important for investment decision making and consistent internal governance. It necessitates establishing whether the components of corporate governance viz., equitable treatment of shareholders, transparency and disclosure influences the economic value added, an superior performance metric, by raising the consciousness of their relationship thereby, without relying on the bland accounting results flaunted by the corporate.


Fundamentals of Gynecology, now after seven years in its second edition, is the product of two senior members of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Michigan. The volume is a systematic basic review of the major concerns of gynecology, for the most part presented clearly and attractively. The illustrations are well done and illuminate the text. Particularly outstanding are the photomicrographs with diagrammatic abstractions of their significant features laid out, to scale, immediately adjacent. This is a splendid technique for the elucidation of microscopical pathology and it is very well used. The authors do not make lengthy expositions of controversial matters but state the established practice of their own institution. This produces a good text for students and young house officers but not one which can be used as a work of reference by specialists or men in advanced training. The publishers should be taken to


The effect of anesthesia technique on neurological and hormonal status of newborns during surgical delivery was assessed in this study. All parturients undergone cesarean section were stratified into two comparable groups depending on the method of anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia was performed for patients in the first group (n=62) and total intravenous anesthesia was provided for patients in the second group (n=60). Glucose concentrations and cortisol levels in umbilical cord serum of newborns were studied. We found out that spinal anesthesia has no adverse effects on neurological status of newborns. The study results suggest that labour process that newborns experience under spinal anesthesia has beneficial effect on early adaptation course.


Au, Ag and Au:Ag alloy nanoclusters have been synthesized with an average core size of 3-4 nm. Octanethiol and octadecanethiol are used as capping agents. Strong optical limiting is exhibited by these samples when excited by 532 nm pulses of both 35 ps and 7 ns duration. It is found that some of these samples can behave as saturable absorbers also, provided certain input intensity conditions are fulfilled. For all the samples studied, the limiting efficiency is found to be consistently better with ns excitation. Similarly, octanethiol capped clusters are found to be better limiters than octadecanethiol capped clusters. In addition, it is seen that the alloy clusters are less efficient in limiting and are less photostable than their monometal counterparts. It is possible to explain the observed effects in terms of the electron dynamics of the excited state species.


It was 2:45 pm. I was slowly going back to work after a long lunch with wine (yes, in Paris, we have lunch and we drink in the middle of the day). Like most journalists at Liberation, as I entered the newspaper's offices on the rue Be'ranger, I stopped to glance at the TV screen in the hall next to the elevator. And I saw what looked like a small plane hitting the World Trade Center. An accident? From having written about the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center, I knew these towers were a target for Islamic terrorists. And now the latter were asking for the release of one of the convicted terrorists. So I ran to the office of the editor-in-chief:


We consider a model of a spin system under the influence of decoherence such that a system coupled with a dissipating environmental system consisting of either spins or bosonic modes. The dissipation of an environment is governed by a certain probability with which an environmental system localized around a principal system dissipates into a larger bath and a thermal environmental system instead migrates into the place. A certain threshold on the probability is found in the growth of decoherence in a principal system. A larger as well as a smaller dissipation probability than the threshold results in smaller decoherence. This finding is utilized to elucidate a spin relaxation theory of a magnetic resonance spectrometer. In particular, a seamless description of transverse relaxation and motional narrowing is possible. We also numerically evaluate the dynamics of coherence useful for quantum information processing. The bang-bang control and anti-Zeno effect in entanglement and the Oppenheim-Horodecki nonclassical correlation are investigated in the model of spin-boson coupling.


If we want evidence as to how rapid and widespread the demographic winter of falling fertility rates is, then look no further than this newly released study in the Lancet which is making headlines around the world.


The phenol-urea-formaldehyde(PUF) resins for E0 degree exterior plywood were synthesized by alkali traditional process using CaO and NaOH as the compound catalyst,with 13.2%~79.2% urea(based on phenol weight) and F/(P+U) mol ratio 1.30~1.83.The adhesive production has many characteristics of simple manufacture process,smooth reacting,easy operation and good reproducibility.The resulted PUF resins showed superior properties such as low free formaldehyde,low free phenol,low cost and long reserving time(30 days).The formaldyhyde emission of the PUF resin bonded plywood was less than 0.5 mg/L(E0 degree) and the bond strength can meet the requirement of type Ⅰ plywood.


In this paper, the roll over type automatically change to draw the light box is introduced. It includes the box' s function and principle of work and use the AT89C51 the machine of single slice to control the automatic light box to move with to realize the method.


The design of a new 35m-diameter Deep Space Network antenna working at X-band, K-band and Ka-band is presented. The antenna is scheduled to be installed at New Norcia in Western Australia to complement the ESA antenna network.


This dissertation addresses nanoscale reactive multilayer films (RMFs) for the purpose of storing chemical energy as heat and supplying localized heat for joining and other industrial applications. Here, self-propagating reactions were analyzed for magnetron sputtered deposited binary Ti-Al, Zr-Al and ternary Ti-Al-Si RMF systems as a function of different Al-molar ratios, bilayer thicknesses and layer sequences. Reaction properties, namely reaction front velocity, temperature, and heat vary quantitatively over a wide range. The maximum reaction temperature of ~ 1800 °C has been achieved in ternary RMFs. This work also highlights the effects of oxidation and the unsteady propagation on the reaction properties. The scalability concept of RMFs was improved and ternary Ti/Si/Ti/Al RMFs were applied in the reactive joining. This dissertation provides new insights into multilayer modulation and opens more freedom to design ternary RMFs by controlling both, diffusion interfaces and distances. It is further shown that the development processes, simulation and experimental analysis are beneficial to design and to synthesize application tailored new RMFs.


193) has used Hess's methods on the larvae of Callifhora erythrocephala (Blowfly), and finds that they are totally colour-blind. Professor C. S. Sherrington has devised a simple apparatus for demonstrating the Listing-Donders Law (JI. of Physiol., Vol. L, p. 46, 1916). J. W. Nordensson (Svenska Lakaresdllskapets Handlingar, Vol. XLII, p. 1126, 1916) returns to the perennial question of the form of the. lens surfaces during accommodation, and finds that during a change of 5 or 6 D. the curvatures of the two surfaces are increased at the periphery as well as at the centre. The curvature of the centre is greater than that of the periphery both at rest and during accommodation. His results thus negative Tscherning's theory and support that of Helmholtz. Percy W. Cobb has already published two excellent papers on the effect on foveal vision of bright surroundings (P. W. Cobb and L. R. Geissler, Psychol. Rev., Vol. XX., p. 425, 1913; P. W. Cobb, Psychol. Rev., Vol. XXI, p. 23, 1914). He now contributes a third (JI. of ExP. Psychol., Vol. I, p. 417, 1916). The war has brought into prominence manv problems relating to the visibility of objects under various atmospheric conditions. One such problem deals with the perception of flashes of light of brief duration. It has already attracted attention in times of peace, for upon it depends the efficiency of lighthouse flashlights and so on. McDougall's investigations on recurrent vision (Brit. Ji. of Psychol., Vol. I. p. 78, 1904) led him to the conclusion that the dimmest light visible to the peripheral retina of the dark-adapted eye, i.e., the dimmest light perceptible under the most favourable circumstances, must be allowed to act for a period of not less than one-fifth of a second in order to be perceptible. A. Blondel approaches the subject from the point of view of the phvsicist. He has recently discussed (Comptes Rendus, Vol. CLXII, p. 587, 1916) the perception-limit of luminous signals produced by revolving beams of low divergence, and described, an apparatus allowing comparison of brief light-flashes giving the same quantity of illumination in different times. In another paper (A. Blondel and J. Rey, Comftes Rendus, Vol. CLXII, p. 861, 1916) he discusses the comparison from the point of view of carrying range of brief lightsignals produced in a revolving apparatus by light sources allowing different durations of impression upon the eye, and the conditions determining the highest effectiveness of the light-flux employed.


We report a new challenge to IEC protection of high-speed devices caused by current filamentation due to voltage-overshoot effects in forward-biased diodes. While well understood in reverse-biased junctions, filamentation has never been reported in forward-biased junctions, which are often used in high-speed designs such as USB3 and HDMI. An analytical model is presented to estimate the voltage overshoot as a function of rise-time and bias conditions to predict the trade-offs inherent in low-capacitance ESD diodes.


How well a school performs largely depends on the commitment of teachers and the degree of their commitment greatly depends on the versatility of school leaders. For this reason, school leadership serves as an inner powerhouse of both school effectiveness and teachers' commitment towards their organization. This quantitative research is conducted to examine situational leadership practices and their relationship with teachers' commitment towards their organization in Bhutan. Using a simple random sampling method, 305 teachers in higher secondary schools of Bhutan were selected for the study. The descriptive analysis confirmed that overall Bhutanese principals' situational leadership practices were found at a moderate level. Additionally, results showed a positive correlation between the principal's situational leadership practices and the organizational commitment of the teachers. Although, the effect size of principals' situational leadership was not found high, nevertheless, the study established that the coaching and directing dimension of principal's situational leadership practices are good predictors of teachers' organizational commitment.


Based on complete light curves in the five channels of the Walraven VBLUW photometric system, a discussion is given of the determination of blanketing and reddening for RR Lyrae stars. A photometric accuracy of order 0/sup m/.005 has been reached. Blanketing derived from the reddening-free color index (B-L) is shown to be equivalent to other ways of determining the metallicity of RR Lyrae stars such as delta (U-B)/sub s/, m/sub 1/, and ..delta..S. Two independent ways to find the interstellar reddening correction are studied; they lead to identical results. A table is given with high-accuracy blanketing and reddening values for 73 RRab, 13 RRc, and a few short-period (RRs) variables. In an appendix we consider the relation between our observations and those in other intermediate-band systems.


The purpose of this research is to analyze the phenomena that happens in PT. Jiwasraya (Persero) Regional Office II, Bandung by assessing the impact of operational audit to the service quality. The approach used in collecting the information related to the problem is the alternative approach, using direct and indirect information. Based on the nature, this research is categorized as explanatory research by analyzing quantitative data and qualitative analysis to obtain the answer. Therefore, the method used in this research is non-probability sampling with saturation sampling technique. As for the variable testing examined, correlation technique is used to calculate the correlation and the linear regression in order to assess the correlation and impact between variables. The testing of the hypothesis uses t-test. With the significance degree of 5% (?=0,05), the two-sided t table of 2,048 is obtained. Since t is 2, 958 > t table = 2,358, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, based on the test result with the level of confidence of 95%, operational audit has a positive and significant impact to the service quality in PT. Jiwasraya (Persero) Regional Office II, Bandung. The degree of correlation coefficient between variables is 46,2%, which is medium. Meanwhile, the coefficient of determination shows the number of 52,6%, which means the operational audit has a strong impact to the service quality, and the other 47,6% is affected by other factors outside this research (operational audit). Keywords: Service Quality and Operational Audit.


The aim of the research was to find out factors affecting the use of the Self Learning Centre (SLC) at Bank of Thailand (BOT). The findings will be contemplated as a guideline for establishing future self-access centres that will open to the general public. The subjects were 50 personnel who used the SLC. The study was undertaken from 22nd to 30th August 2004. Their attitudes on factors influencing the use of the SLC were analysed from a questionnaire and informal talk. The results showed that the factors affecting the use of the centre were the provision of atmosphere, services, and learning materials. The bank personnel came to the SLC because they were satisfied with these facilities. Therefore, in establishing a self-access language centre for a community, factors that could foster a learning environment, such as quietness, light quality, the decoration of the rooms and service hours, should be considered. In order to give good services, librarians might help the users to set their goals, learning plans and so on. Moreover, learning materials should be up-to-date in content, and the centre should provide a variety of materials, i.e. those that are paper-based and computer-based as well as audio-visuals.


Fundus photography using monochromatic red light is a well-known procedure. However, it is used infrequently because of the difficulty with interpretation. The authors studied the usefulness of red light fundus photography for the diagnosis of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) using a Canon 60Z wide-angle fundus camera and a 23A Wratten Gelatin Filter. This method gave additional information from typical CSCR lesions compared to color photography. Our results suggest that fundus photography with red light is a simple and useful examination for CSCR and that it should be used in conjunction with color photography and fluorescein angiography.


We identify the tunable parameters of iSCSI and TCP that affect the performance characteristics for local, metropolitan, and wide area networks. Through measurements, we determine the effect of these parameters on the throughput. We conclude that with the appropriate tuning of those parameters, iSCSI and TCP protocols maintain a good level of throughput for all types of networks.