Divorce is not the end of a household life but divorce is the beginning of new problems in domestic life, for couples who live it, this is an obligation for the parties of the couple who live a life full of problems that will be held accountable, one of which is divorce that What happened in Merlung village is a problem that will be discussed here with regard to divorce which is carried out outside the court, this has an impact on the lives of each party, where here it is demanded the rights and obligations of the husband who decides the divorce, will be responsible for his children and wife , as well as joint property. If the divorce is carried out outside this court, it is feared that all of these rights cannot be carried out properly and perfectly, where the rights that are obligations are difficult to implement, because they do not have legal force that binds them, so that these rights cannot be implemented properly. with other rights.


In the context of Chinese history, thirty years is not a long time. But the period since the promulgation of the People's Republic of China in 1949 is as dramatic as any in Chinese history. The People's Republic came into being as a result of a peasant political movement. The rural experience is a key to understanding the success of that part of the Chinese revolution that culminated in 1949. And in the period since then that experience has continued to be significant, although the problems of administering the Chinese state and charting Chinese society on a new socialist course have also involved an urban population and categories distinct from that of the peasantry. At no point in the past thirty years has China's rural sector been unimportant, although for a brief period in the early 1950s, under the particular dominance of the Soviet Union, an emphasis on heavy industry temporarily reduced the centrality of agriculture and rural development. By the middle of new China's first decade the age-old Chinese pressure of population and resources had restored agriculture to predominance. Agriculture and industry were together to form two points of advance in China's quest for modernity. The centrality of agriculture in China's developmental path has been maintained throughout the third decade of the People's Republic of China. Despite certain policy shifts


A procedure for estimating the dynamic model of a SCARA robot is presented. By taking into consideration a priori knowledge about the structure of the dynamics, the robot model is expressed in terms of fourteen equivalent manipulator parameters. The characteristics of the drive dynamics are also included in the modelling process. In this manner, the estimated dynamic model can facilitate the design of control laws for actual implementation. Due to a regrouping procedure, the estimation model for the model parameters can be formulated in an upper block triangular form. This special structure can be exploited to obtain a computationally efficient estimation algorithm for the model parameters. An integral form of the estimation algorithm is then developed to eliminate the need of using joint accelerations which tend to be noisy. The complete procedure does not require prior knowledge of the geometric parameters. Furthermore the robot manipulator need not follow some restrictive test trajectories. The experimental results obtained from a 4-DOF SCARA robot are presented to illustrate the practical application of the method.


For decades, Central America has faced market dependency, natural disasters, and political systems characterized by protectionist policies and low participation--situations that have had a tremendous impact on its economic development. This two-volume set is a comprehensive assessment of Central America's position in the world economy, and it serves as a handbook for the important economic reforms Central America must undertake to become a viable competitor in the international economy.


Simple and ecofriendly synthesis of a variety of 3-bihetaryl-2-oxindoles incorporating various interesting heterocyclic pharmacophores (phenothiazine, pyrrole, triazole moieties) are described.


We report a referral audit of older people into primary care mental health teams in NHS Greater Glasgow. Although they comprise 16 per cent of the local population, referral rates for older people were 3.21 per cent. We discuss the implications of these findings, and potential solutions.


The Project Office and Science Definition Team for the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) are in the midst of a pre-Phase A study to establish a Design Reference Mission (DRM). An Interim report was released in June 2011, with a final report due later in 2012. The predicted performance of the Interim DRM Observatory will be described, including optical quality, observing efficiency, and sensitivity for representative observing scenarios. Observing constraints and other limitations on performance will also be presented, with an emphasis on potential Guest Observer programs. Finally, a brief status update will be provided on open trade studies of interest to the scientific community. The final DRM may differ from the Interim DRM presented here. However, the underlying requirements of the scientific programs are not expected to change, hence the capabilities of the IDRM are likely to be maintained even if the implementation changes in significant ways.


Summary 1. By special handling and prolonged centrifugation of normal blood, plasmas with a delayed clotting time can be obtained. If centrifugation is prolonged sufficiently, the plasmas become spontaneously incoagulable. 2. Normal plasmas of this type require the presence of platelets and perhaps other formed elements to correct the delayed clotting of hemophilic plasma. 3. These findings indicate that in hemophilia there is a deficiency in a plasma factor required for platelet utilization. It is suggested that this factor is a thrombocytolysin.


Based on the analysis of 203 Chinese growth enterprise market (GEM) companies, we give a statistical description of the abnormal initial return (AIR) in Chinese GEM and investigates its influence factors using multiple linear regression method. We find the existence of the AIR in Chinese GEM and its four key factors, issuing price, success rate, whether have VC background and first day of exchange rate, the first two of which is positively related to the AIR in Chinese GEM while the last two is negatively. The AIR in Chinese GEM mainly comes from the premium of secondary market.


Synthesis of nanocomposite chitosan-TiO2 have been done. Nanocomposite made of chitosan was isolated from crab shell namely α-chitosan and squid pens as β-chitosan. Nanocomposite was synthesized by combining the function of chitosan as supporting material with TiO2 particle that have high photocatalytic activity. The nanocomposite characterized by FTIR and SEM/EDX analysis show the functional groups of chitosan and and also surface morphology of nanocomposite chitosan-TiO2. The FTIR spectra shows adsorption band of O-Ti-O at 677-695 cm-1, and characteristic adsorption band of chitosan at wavenumbers 1600 cm-1 for -NH2 and 3400 cm-1 for -OH. From SEM/EDX analysis can be seen that TiO2 has been distributed evenly on surface of chitosan. The nanocomposite was applied for photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous medium on UV light radiation. The optimum percent photodegradation at wavelength 660 nm by the nanocomposite α-chitosan-TiO2 and β-chitosan-TiO2 are 59,48% and 59,82%, respectively.
Key words: chitosan, nanocomposite, methylene blue, photodegradation.


Usulutan pottery is a major characteristic of Preclassic ceramic assemblages in southern Mesoamerica. This distinctive "resist" decorated pottery has long been considered a significant marker of southeastern influence in other areas of Mesoamerica and has been an important element in discussions of external stimuli on the development of Maya civilization. The origin, evolution, and technology of Usulutan have been debated for over 50 years. New archaeological evidence from western El Salvador now provides solutions to several aspects of this debate. The discovery of a complete, well-dated sequence of resist and Usulutan decorated ceramic types demonstrates a western Salvadoran origin and development for this pottery, tracing the tradition back to the Early Preclassic period. This sequence provides a spatial and temporal framework for future studies of Usulutan technology. The new evidence also requires a reassessment of the nature and significance of the Late Preclassic spread of Usulutan pottery in southern Mesoamerica.


Steve Hudson, who died recently in Christchurch aged 5 1, was a trailblazer who through his innovative and personal qualities raised the profile of forensic psychology in New Zealand and on the international stage. He was a creative researcher, sensitive and supportive teacher, and gifted clinician who touched the lives of countless students, colleagues, friends, and clients in a short but rich life. After qualifying as a clinical psychologist in 1978 Steve worked at Kingseat Hospital, Auckland and then moved back to Christchurch with his wife Karyn in 1980, with whom he shared a senior psychologist's position at the Alcohol Counselling Centre. After returning to the South Island Steve was appointed as a temporary lecturer in clinical psychology at the University of Canterbury, obtaining a permanent position in 1986. His PhD was awarded in 1985 and resulted in a number of publications on Premenstrual Syndrome. At various stages, Steve was Director of Clinical Training and in 1999 was promoted to Associate Professor. It was during this period that Steve became interested in the treatment of sex offenders and was instrumental in the establishment of New Zealand's first specialized treatment unit for child molesters at Rolleston Prison, Kia Marama, in 1989. He was appointed a consultant psychologist at Kia Marama and was intimately involved in the supervision and mentoring of the staff there. In conjunction with Professor Bill Marshall from Queen's University in Canada, he initiated and oversaw an ongoing research programme into various aspects of sexual offending. This work, undertaken with colleagues and Kia Marama staff, put him at the forefront of researchers in the field and he was in demand right up until his death to speak at international conferences and workshops. The results of these projects were published in more than 80 books, book chapters and scholarly articles. Steve helped to develop a number of important therapeutic models that have had a significant impact


We report a highly enantioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of α-keto esters and isatins catalyzed by chiral calcium BINOL-derived phosphates. The structure of the catalyst is detailed by X-ray crystal structure analysis.


Achievement of fertility is the expectation and desire of women in reproductive age. However, many women face sub-infertility or infertility. Overconsumption of foods and drinks containing sugar and trans fat are observed to be associated with female infertility. Sugar is commonly added in many sweetened drinks and desserts. Trans fat is ingredients of bakery and processed foods. Overconsumption of sugar and trans fat leading to obesity, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance are known to be risk factors for developing of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and fertility problems among women [1].


(54) ALKYLOXYALKANEAMINES USEFUL AS 4,319,987 3/1982 Shaw et al. ............................. 209/66 CATIONC FROTH FLOTATION COLLECTORS FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 0796803 10/1968 Canada 75) Inventors: William F. Riggs; Carlos Andress, 0839775 4/1970 Canada. both of Humble, Tex. 1100239 4/1981 Canada. 93/6935 4/1993 WIPO 73) Assignee: Baker Hughes Incorporated, Houston, Primary Examiner Thomas M. Lithgow Tex. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Rosenblatt & Redano, P.C. (21) Appl. No.: 222,744 57) ABSTRACT 22 Filed: Apr. 4, 1994 A process of separating at least one mineral, e.g. silica, from y an aqueous medium, e.g. one containing iron ore, by froth (51) Int. Cl. ...................... B03D 1/02; B03D 1/01 flotation using cationic alkyloxyalkaneamine collectors free 52 U.S. Cl. ............................................... 209/166; 252/61 of acrylonitrile is described. Alkyloxyalkaneamines free of 58 Field of Search ..................................... 209/166, 167; acrylonitrile may be made by reacting an alcohol with an 252/61 alkenenitrile having at least 4 to 13 carbon atoms. This process produces branching on the third carbon from the (56) References Cited nitrogen of the resulting compound, e.g. 3-hexoxypenta


The paper discusses the intension and meaning of latent knowledge in library,analyzes the type and structure of library latent knowledge,and puts forward organizing strategies,such as knowledge management system,knowledge sharing mechanism,remuneration encouragement,the incentive of innovation to dig librarians'latent knowledge fully.


Two field trials were conducted in 1999 and 2001 rainy seasons in the Teaching and Research Farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahamadu Bello University, Zaria( 11 0 11' N and 7 0 38' E) to test the effect intra- row spacing and nitrogen rates on growth and yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) var. ICSV 400. The treatments were made up of three intra-row spacing (25, 50 and 75 cm) combined with four nitrogen rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha). Randomized complete block design was used for the trials. The results have shown that intra-row spacing had a significant influence on plant height, number of leaves per plant, dry matter, and grain yield but had no effect on stand count. Neither intra-row spacing nor nitrogen had an effect on flag leaf area or panicle length. Nitrogen application was also observed to have significant influence on all the characters mentioned earlier. The closest intra-row spacing of 25 cm gave 35.06 and 38.59% increase in yield in 1999 and 2001 respectively over the widest spacing of 75 cm. The response of sorghum yield to nitrogen was up to 60 and 90kg N/ha in 1999 and 2001 respectively. The increase in yield when these responses were compared to plots that did not receive nitrogen was 32.44 and 27.0% for 1999 and 2001, respectively.


Abstract Purpose: To evaluate a unique method of extended mentorship in robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) at VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS). As novel robotic technologies diffuse into surgical practice, developing safe apprenticeships remains a challenge. Patients and Methods: Between October 2008 and November 2010, 90 RALPs were prospectively divided into three phases: Proctored, Independent, and Instructor. During the first 30 Proctored cases, an experienced robotic surgeon from the affiliated university-based hospital mentored a robotic novice attending surgeon with previous open retropubic and laparoscopic experience. The novice surgeon gained proficiency during the next 30 Independent cases, then introduced increasing resident participation during the last Instructor 30 cases. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, operative measures, and length of hospital stay were compared. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Sexual Health Inventory for Men and an incontinence...


The chemical plant branch of Open Society Krasmash throughout several years makes efforts to develop conversion (civil) production. Manufacture of woven polypropylene production is mastered; there is an output of different types of sealants. Manufacture of molding from polyethylene is mastered. Decision to organize petrochemical manufacture was accepted in 2007. The contract with research-and-production association «Kataliz» to design the plant for oil refining according to new principles has been signed. Open Society ВНИПИЭТ has developed the project of small-volume chemistry production with all infrastructures: storages for oil, black oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, loading racks etc.


Chondrocytes, present in articular cartilage, are exposed to anisotonic conditions in vivo through joint loading and articulation. Alterations in cell volume occur as a result of such changes and as optimal matrix metabolism is linked to cell volume, chondrocytes possess the capacity to rapidly re-equilibriate to their surrounding milieu by instigating the process of regulatory volume decrease (RVD). Intracellular calcium ([Ca]i) transients are proposed to act as mediators in initiating the activation of specific membrane transporters implicated in RVD (Kerrigan and Hall, 2008).


SUMMARY

In a 2-year trial on arabica coffee in Kenya, a cuprous oxide fungicide (50% Cu) at a range of 0–5% (w/w) was applied by mist-blower five times a year at approximately 10 gal./acre.

The results demonstrated: (i) a positive linear relationship between log. spray concentration and the amount of copper (expressed as log10 mg. Cu/m.2+1) retained by the foliage; (ii) a significant negative linear relationship between spray concentration and the incidence of leaf rust (caused by Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br.); (iii) a positive linear relationship between concentration of fungicide applied and yield of coffee.

An additional spray in May increased the mean annual yield by 2 cwt. coffee per acre and reduced a heavy rust attack.

Trees receiving the highest spray concentration retained the most leaves; at lower concentrations there was considerable leaf fall but this was offset by new leaf production; unsprayed trees suffered severe leaf loss and were unable to produce as much new foliage.


Abstract Marko, D, Bahenský, P, Snarr, RL, and Malátová, R. V̇o2peak Comparison of a treadmill vs. cycling protocol in elite teenage competitive runners, cyclists, and swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2875–2882, 2022—The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses of a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) on a treadmill and cycle ergometer in elite-level, youth competitive athletes. Thirty-one athletes (11 distance runners, 11 mountain-bike cyclists, and 9 long-distance swimmers) were randomly selected to complete either a running or cycling GXT on the first day, followed by the alternative 72 hours apart. The initial work rate for each GXT was set at 50% of the individuals' previously established V̇o2peak to elicit fatigue within 8–12 minutes. For the treadmill protocol, speed was increased by 1 km·h−1 each minute, with a constant 5% grade, until volitional fatigue. Cycle ergometer work rate was increased by 30 W every minute until volitional fatigue or the inability to maintain proper cadence (i.e., 100 ± 5 rev·min−1). Throughout both testing sessions, V̇o2peak, heart rate [HR] peak, breathing frequency (BF), tidal volume (VT), and minute ventilation (VE) were assessed and used to compare within-sport differences. Runners displayed a higher V̇o2peak (∼7%; d = 0.92), HRpeak (4%; d = 0.77), VE (6%; d = 0.66), and BF (12%; d = 0.62) on the treadmill vs. cycle. However, the cycling group demonstrated a greater V̇o2peak (∼8%; d = 0.92), VT (∼14%; d = 0.99), and VE (∼9%; d = 0.78) on the cycle, despite no change in HRpeak. For swimmers, the treadmill GXT elicited higher values in V̇o2peak (∼5%; d = 0.75), BF (∼11.5%; d = 0.78), and HRpeak (3%; d = 0.69). Collectively, these findings indicate that exercise mode may greatly affect physiological outcome variables and should be considered before exercise prescription and athletic monitoring.


lnstalling outdoor units of air − cooled , separated type packaged air ・ conditioners in a concentrated way can reduce their cooling capacl 呼 and overall e 幵 iciency due to a temperature rise in the cooling air caused by a short circuiting of the exhaust air . Systematic reduced scale model experiments were carried out with the aim of relating the geometric configuration of grouped outdoor units to the resultant temperature rise of suction air under stagnant surrounding conditions . Experimental data together with theoretical consideration of a new structure around the outdoor units were summarized into a modeI equation using two parameters , Observed peak temperature rise of suction air and its spatial distribution were both well reproduced using the prediction method based on the proposed model equation ,


Traditional three-phase PFC converters based on one-cycle control(OCC) exhibit instability at light load conditions,which will cause much more harmful harmonic current to the system.To overcome this disadvantage,this paper improves the conventional circuit by importing a fictitious resistance.A fictitious current is generated when the input voltage passes through this resistance.The sum of the current the actual sensed current was compared with the sawtooth waveform to obtain the gating pulses of the switching.Finally,the MATLAB simulations at heavy and light loads as well as the transfer between them are carried.The simulation results show that the improved control circuit can achieve unity power factor and exhibit stability at light loads.


The Medical Journal of Australia ISSN: 0025729X 3 June 2013 198 10 562-562 ©The Medical Journal of Australia 2013 www.mja.com.au Reflections premenopausal women, colonic investigation should reserved for those with co onic symptoms, a strong fa history or persistent IDA after iron supplementation a correction of potential causes. In dealing with such a devastating medical conditio bowel cancer, it is critical that the first diagnosis be ea Following a tragic case of late diagnosis of colorectal cancer, a father calls for an overhaul of current guidelines for the investigation of iron deficiency anaemia in premenopausal women


The aim of this thesis is to examine the historical use of "poison cabinets", or restricted shelves, in Swedish libraries. Drawing upon the theories of Mary Douglas and Michel Foucault, it also see ...


An edge detection method was developed with capability of objectively detecting significant edges in images of high temperature forging. The issue of potential image degradation when viewing hot objects was serious concerned. The paper was absorbed in online dimensional measurement using stereovision technology. Particular characteristics of high temperature forging were described. A global self-adaptive thresholding preprocessing was used for eliminating most redundant mill scale regions and segmenting object from complex background. Then, the feature edges was detected and localized at single pixel scale. Post processing of surround suppression as final additional step was applied to improve edges detection performance by extracting genuine feature edges from edges map. The entire method was performed on a real hot forging image and the performance had been proved in experiment result. The approach was specifically designed for using in online dimensional measurement of heavy forging, but generally enough to be applied to other edge detection of any high-temperature object.


Francisco Liébana-Cabanillas is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Marketing and Market Research at the University of Granada (Spain) since 2000 and holds a Ph.D. in Business Sciences at this university. He has a degree in Business and Administration Science and a Master in Marketing and Consumer Behavior, from the University of Granada. His main area of research and interest is the effectiveness of the mobile and online banking, Internet consumer behavior and e-banking acceptance; the results of which are reflected in various papers (Expert Systems With Applications, Service Industries Journal, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Global Business Perspectives, International Journal of Management Science and Information Technology, Harvard Deusto Business Research, Papeles de Economía Española, etc) which have been presented at the European Marketing Academy (EMAC), Asociación Española de Marketing Académico y Profesional (AEMARK), International Network of Business and Management (INBAM), International Symposium on Management Intelligent Systems (ISMIS), Jornadas Hispanolusas de Gestión, etc., book (Pearson) and chapters in different multidisciplinary books (IGI Global, Springer, etc). He is currently working on different research projects in Internet social networks, mobile payment, social commerce, Internet and effectiveness, multi-objective optimization and new technologies acceptance. Released: February 2014 An Excellent Addition to Your Library!


Cognitive radio (CR) technology, which enables unlicensed secondary users to opportunistically access the unused licensed spectrum, has attracted more and more attention from both academia and industry due to its potential to significantly improve the spectrum utilization. Considering both temporal and spatial variations of spectrum availability, this paper focuses on improving the energy efficiency in CR networks by opportunistically serving the delay-tolerant data only when enough spectrum is available. Based on this idea, a stochastic optimization problem is formulated to integrate the power control, link scheduling, and routing, which minimizes the expected power consumption while guaranteeing the system stability. To obtain the solution, we use the Lyapunov optimization technique and design an online algorithm, which solves a sub-problem without future knowledge of the related stochastic models (e.g., random data arrival and spectrum supply). Besides, in view of the NP-hardness of the sub-problem, we also develop a heuristic algorithm based on branch-and-bound framework to obtain the approximate solution with low computing complexity. Theoretical analysis shows that our algorithm offers an explicit tradeoff between energy consumption and delay performance. Numerical results also confirm the effectiveness of our solutions.


© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim PhotonicsViews 1/2019 67 sensor systems. Tight mechanical machining tolerances are required to achieve the requested imaging quality. Only a controlled automa ted manu factu ring process which combines all required production steps in one system assures accurate, repeatable, and fast camera module alignment and assembly. Automated active alignment approaches help to optimize production efficiency i.e. higher product quality and higher yield at lower production costs. With ProCam Trioptics offers a complete solution to actively align, assemble, and test complex camera modules in order to control and overcome critical issues. The ProCam Align Smart is a compact system for sampling and small series production and with ProCam Inline Trioptics provides a fully automated system for 24/7 high-volume manufacturing and testing of precise camera modules.


This paper examines the Soviet press model, i.e. media coverage of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. One of the biggest tragedies of the XX century showed the consequences of such model. Dealing with propaganda in critical situation and telling lies, the Government caused irreparable harm to the citizens of the USSR. Citizens were not timely informed of the general average, which resulted in grave consequences – millions of irradiated people with deadly diseases, "children mutants", abandoned cities. Bearing in mind the consequences of a nuclear disaster, there is a whole range of issues. Were journalists accomplices or victims of the Soviet regime? Would the existence of the Internet allow citizens to get better information about the nuclear disaster? These are just some of the questions that the author tries to answer in his work.


An introduction to the family Bruchiaceae (Bryopsida in Australia is provided for the two genera Bruchia Schwaegr. and Trematodon Michaux together with a detailed revision, key to the species, illustrations and distribution maps for the five species of Trematodon now recognised in Australia. Of the nine species previously recorded for Australia, one species, T. amoenus (Mull. Hal.) Stone & Scott is endemic while T. flexipes Mitt. in Hook f. & Wilson, T. mackayi (R.Br. ter.) Broth. and T. suberectus Mitt., occur in Australia and New Zealand. Three species previously considered Australian endemics, T. baileyi Broth., T. brachyphyllus Mull. Hal. and T. longescens Mull. Hal. are now considered synonymous with the widespread T. longicollis Michx, the type species for the genus.


An oxynitride glass containing 18 at.% N was prepared under high N2 pressure. The glass was transparent and very hard, with a Vickers hardness of 12.0 GPa.


Drag-reduction measurements obtained for polymer injection into the developing boundary layer of a pipe are discussed. Tests were conducted in a 305-mm diameter 60-m long rough steel pipe. Concentrated solutions of Polyox WSR 301 were injected through a perforated wall section located 3.5 diameters from the pipe entrance. Injection concentrations varied from 100 ppm to 2,400 ppm; Reynolds numbers from 3 x 10/sup 5/ to 3 x 10/sup 6/, polymer injection rates from 1,900 cu cm/sec to 14,000 cu cm/sec, and maximum wall shear stresses were in excess 3,000 dynes; sq cm with injection. This high drag reduction reduced with distance and levelled off to the value for homogeneous flow to the value for homogeneous flow as measured in the fully developed flow region. It became constant near the location where the concentration profile became uniform. The drag reduction near the injector was greater than that previously measured for porous wall or slot injectors. Turbulent diffusion away from the wall is less for the injected polymer than for water injection. The total drag reduction over the inlet reach was not affected by the injection concentration but did vary with Reynolds number. (18 refs.)


With the advent of digitalization the whole world has seen a technological boom where bodily presence becomes unnecessary and e-platform works as a representative for transferring messages, ideas, thoughts etc. This wind of machinery approach encompasses the educational arena as well. In Covid 19 situation when the total education system has collapsed, institutions have been closed near about for three to four months the necessity of technological skills of the teachers have come to the forefront because online teaching happens to be the only way now for imparting knowledge. This study was done to review the journey of the language teachers from pedagogy to techno-pedagogy and also for assessing the importance of technological as well as pedagogical skills of the language teachers by taking interviews of 50 language teachers online and also by analyzing the existing reviews. Some probable measures were also suggested here for the development of a language teacher from an expert of Pedagogue to Techno-Pedagogue and the importance of Techno-pedagogy in Covid 19 situation.


Diffusion distance varies according to the gestational age of a mother. Moreover, this diffusion distance must be within a physiological range. Thus, the survivability of a growing foetus depends on this distance. For this study, 90 products of conception and placenta were collected and divided into three groups based on the trimester of pregnancy, and each group included 30 samples. Two tissue blocks were collected from each specimen after the sample was fixed with 10% formol saline for 48 hours. Afterwards, with further processing of the tissue, followed by H&E staining, the diffusion distance was measured among the three groups by using crossed sealed ocular micrometre under the light microscope. The ANOVA test was considered for further statistical analysis. In the first trimester, the placenta diffusion distance from foetal to maternal circulation ranged from 53.20 – 68.30 (μm), and the mean ± SD was 60.46 ± 3.58 (μm). In the second-trimester placenta, the diffusion distance of placenta from foetal to maternal ranged from 23.20 – 45.30 (μm), and the mean ± SD was 36.05 ± 6.01 (μm). In the third-trimester placenta, diffusion distance from foetal to maternal ranged from 1.80 – 2.90 (μm) and the mean ± SD was 2.52 ± 0.22 (μm). Diffusion distance significantly reduced with the ageing of the placenta (p < 0.00). With the help of this result, we can assume that the exchange of nutrients and gases proportionally increases with the advancement of pregnancy.


U.S. Appl. No. 10/767,441, filed Jan. 30, 2004, Pending. U.S. Appl. No. 11/372,187, filed Mar. 10, 2006, Pending. Carter, "Observations on the Pathology and Bacteriology of Shipping Fever in Canada", Can. J. Comp. Med., vol. 18, No. 10, pp. 359-364, 1954. Collier, "Significance of Bacteria in Bovine Respiratory Disease", A.V.M.A., vol. 153, No. 12, pp. 1645-1651, 1968. Schiefer, et al., "Correlation of Microbiological and Histological Findings in Bovine Fibrinous Pneumonia", Vet. Pathol., vol. 15, pp. 313-321, 1978. Purdy, et al., "Serotyping and Enzyme Characterization of Pasteurella haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida Isolates Recovered from Pneumonic Lungs of Stressed Feeder Calves", Current Microbiology, vol. 34, pp. 244-249, 1997. Allen, et al., "The Microbial Flora of the Respiratory Tract in Feedlot Calves: Associations between Nasopharyngeal and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cultures", Can, J. Vet. Res., vol. 55, pp. 341-346, 1991. Singer, et al., "Assessment of spatial and temporal clustering of ampicillinand tetracycline-resistant strains of Pasteurella multocida and P haemolytica isolated from cattle in California", JAVMA, vol. 212, No. 7, pp. 1001-1005, 1998. Gourlay, et al., "Experimental Pasteurella multocida pneumonia in calves", Res. Vet. Sci., vol. 47, pp. 185-189, 1989. Bryson, et al., "Observations on outbreaks of respiratory disease in housed calves-(1) Epidemiological, clinical and microbiological findings", Vet. Rec., vol. 103, pp. 485-489, 1978. Virtala, et al., "Epidemiologic and pathologic characteristics of respiratory tract disease in dairy heifers during the first three months of life", JAVMA, vol. 208, No. 12, pp. 2035-2042, 1996. Boyce, et al., "The Capsule is a Virulence Determinant in the Pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida M1404 (B:2)", Infection and Immunity, vol. 68, No. 6, pp. 3463-3468, 2000. Rimier, et al., "Lipopolysaccharides of the Heddleston serotypes of Pasteurella multocida", Am. J. Vet. Res., vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 759-763, 1984. Brogden, et al., "Incubation of Pasteurella haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide with sheep lung surfactant", Am. J. Vet. Res., vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 727-729, 1986. Confer, et al., "Intranasal vaccination of rabbits with Pasteurella multocida A:3 outer membranes that express iron-regulated proteins", AJVR, vol. 62, No. 5, pp. 697-703, 2001. Geschwend, et al., "Untersuchungen zu den Proteinen de auBeren Membran von Pasteurellen 2. Mittelilung; Eisenregulierte Proteine der auBeren Membran bei Pasteurella multocida und Pasteurella haemolytica", Berl. Munch Tierarztl Wschr, vol. 110, p. 386-390, 1997. Negrete-Abascal, et al., "Secretion of Proteases from Pasteurella multocida Isolates", Cuff. Micribiol., vol. 38, pp. 64-67, 1999. Straus, et al., "In Vivo Production of Neurarninidase by Pasteurella haemolytica in Market Stressed Cattle After Natural Infection", Current Microbiol., vol. 37, pp. 240-244, 1998. White, et al., "Extracellular Neuraminidase Production by a Pasteurella multocida A:3 Strain Associated with Bovine Pneumonia", Infection and Immunity, vol. 63, No. 5, pp. 1703-1709, 1995.


Absolute concentration measurements of trace species using laser-induced fluorescence provide a sensitive test of the chemical mechanism of reactive processes. These absolute measurements require spectroscopic data for the measured species, knowledge of the fluorescence quantum yield for the specific excited state of that species, a measurement of the gas temperature of the process, and a calibration of the sensitivity of the optical collection and detection. Demonstration measurements of LIF absolute concentrations of OH and NO in a low pressure air flame and OH in a diamond CVD plasma are described. Each of these measurements relies on a different calibration technique, and the advantages of each of these methods are discussed. Direct and indirect determinations of the quantum yield are used, and the difficulties of these measurements are considered. The care required for spatially correlated gas temperature determination is elucidated.


Abstract The growing prevalence of clean energy raises the question of possible associated externalities. This article studies the effects of nuclear power plant development (and, as a result, the increased amount of water in the atmosphere from evaporative cooling systems) on nearby crop yields and finds that an average nuclear power plant increases local soybean yields by 2 and corn yields by 1 percent. Considering the low elasticity of demand for these crops, the yield increases translate to annual net benefits of $229 million (2020 US dollars) – $317 million in losses to farmers and $546 million in benefits to consumers.


This paper presents a comprehensive survey of DSTATCOM control strategies put forward recently. It is aimed at providing a broad perspective on the status of DSTATCOM control methods to researchers and application engineers dealing with harmonic suppression issues. Many control techniques have been designed, developed, and realized for active filters in recent years. The proposed DSTATCOM consists of a three-leg Voltage Source Converter (VSC) with a dc bus capacitor. The PV array or battery operated boost converter is proposed to maintain the dc link voltage of the dc bus capacitor for continuous compensation for the load. This paper presents to evaluate the performance comparison of two control strategies for extracting the reference currents to control the proposed DSTATCOM. The two control methods are Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory and Icos Φ algorithm. The performance of the DSTATCOM is validated using MATLAB software with its simulink and Power System Block set (PSB) toolboxes. The simulation results for the two control methods are compared to validate the superior performance of the Icos Φ algorithm.


A user authentication system and a method thereof using sound information recognition performing a user authentication in case where the sound outputted from a first terminal is inputted to a second terminal are provided to prevent the misuse of digital contents by sharing an identification, a password and a security unit. A service server(200) transmit information for user authentication to a first terminal(100) having a sound output device. If the user authentication is completed, the service server provides service. An authentication server(400) provides the delivered sound information for the service server. The authentication server performs user authentication by comparing delivered sound information and the sound inputted from a second terminal(300).


ABSTRACT With the publication of Jeffrey Tulis's The Rhetorical Presidency, Woodrow Wilson's contribution to a major transformation in the American presidency—and in American politics—came to be recognized. But while Wilson believed that the danger of presidential demagoguery was overrated, forms of demagoguery that he underestimated have undermined the legitimacy of America's presidential democracy, in both its Wilsonian, plebiscitary form; and in the rule by decree to which presidents sometimes turn when their rhetoric does not suffice. The basic problem that Wilson overlooked is the mismatch between effective rhetoric and what can actually be accomplished, even by the most popular of presidents.


Rhizosphere and endorhizosphere microbial colonization aid in phytoremediation, carbon sequestration, and plant development. According to several studies, the microbiomes of various plant species' genotypes and even plant species might vary somewhat. Both pathogenic and symbiotic fungi are associated with the rhizosphere, but the specific fungal communities depend on various conditions, including plant growth and soil type. The present study was conducted to isolate and identify fungus species from vicinity of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan and identified Aspergillus, Mucor, Alternaria, Penicillium, four fungal species from all of the 10 samples.


The North Altyn Tagh is located at the northewst area to Altyn Fault between Tarim and Qaidam Basins. Granitoids from this area formed mainly in Ordovician,and are classified as calc alkaline based on alkaline lime index,and metaluminous and peraluminous on Shands index. I and A types are the principal granitoids,no S type granitoids found here. Volcanic rocks occurring together with ophiolite suite in this area,mainly of Early Paleozoic,consist of pillow basalts and rhyolites,and smaller amounts of trachybasalts,basaltic trachyandesites and dacites,belonging to subalkali and showing bimodal distribution in SiO 2 Na 2O+K 2O plot. Major and trace element trectonic discrimination of the granitoids shows the evolution of tectonic environments from destructive active plate margin/volcanic arc in Early Paleozoic,the continental apeirorogenic uplift in Mesozoic and post orogenic in Cenozoic of North Altyn Tagh. Tholeiitic basalts had formed in several environments from MORB to island arc and within plate. Acid volcanic rocks here of calc alkali series may belong to within plate environment only. The existing of "Altyn Ocean" in early Paleozoic is then deduced from the analyses above.


Deforestation, land degradation, and low survival of planted seedlings are serious problems in highland Ethiopia. To address these problems, different land management practices such as afforestation and conservation program have been implemented; however, the success to date limited due to environmental stress and insufficient post-planting care. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate farmer's tree needs and their traditional knowledge of seasonal frost management practices in selected frost-affected highlands of Eastern, Ethiopia. A total of 111 households were randomly selected for interviews on farmer's tree species preference, frost management practices, and the causes of seedling mortality in the study area. Furthermore, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The results confirm that season frost (55.6%) followed by free grazing (22.2%), inappropriate species site match (11.1%), and inappropriate planting time (5.6%) were major causes of seedling mortality in the study area. Organic mulch, plant cover, smoking, watering, and manuring were seasonal frost management practices applied by farmer's to enhance seedlings' survival in the study areas. However, this indigenous knowledge should be encouraged by the government through improved research, and extension services, to enhance seedlings' survival in the study areas as well as to introduce it in different frost-prone highlands of Ethiopia. Moreover, species such as Eucalyptus globulus' Labill, Cupressus lusitanica Mill., Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl., Hagenia abyssinica a (Bruce) J.F.Gmel, and Podocarpus falcatus (Thunb.) Mirb. (syn. P. gracilior Pilg.), were suggested as frost-tolerant species in the study area. Therefore, it is recommended that planting these tree species through research and campaign is essential to reduce land degradation in the frost-affected highlands area of the country, particularly in the study area.


We study the simultaneous control of three dimensional translation and rotation of an underactuated multibody space robot using sliding masses that are configured as ideal prismatic actuators. A crucial assumption is that the total linear and angular momenta of the space robot are zero. The prismatic actuators may be intentional actuation devices or they may be dual-use devices such as retractable booms, tethers, or antennas that can also serve as space robot actuation devices. The paper focuses on the underactuation case, i.e., the space robot has three independent prismatic actuators, which are used to control the six base body degrees of freedom. Controllability results are developed, revealing controllability properties for the base body translation, base body attitude, and actuator displacement. Based on the controllability results, an algorithm for rest-to-rest base body maneuvers is constructed using a Lie bracket expansion. An example of a three dimensional space robot maneuver is presented. The results in the paper demonstrate the importance of "nonholonomy" and related nonlinear control approaches for space robots that satisfy the prismatic actuation assumptions.


An n.m.r. study of keten methyl trimethylsilyl acetals shows that substitution effects can permit free rotation of the carbon–carbon double bond at room temperature.


Most of the sport research subjects are haphazard,so it is feasible to research the rules of various indexes of human body with the research method of haphazard. The problem of sample capacity has frequently occurred in the research. So it is very important to discuss this problem.


Although conventional flow cytometers (CFCs) have been widely used for study of marine biology, most CFCs are too bulky to be used for field study in ocean and have corrosion problem due to salty samples. A new computer-controlled micro flow cytometer (MFC) system has been successfully developed using MEMS technology. We demonstrate that this new MFC can analyze mixture of two species of marine phytoplankton: Chlorella autotrophica and Rhodomonas. The results from our MFC are consistent with those from digital fluorescence microscopy.


This study includes an analysis of acute pancreatitis (AP) prognostic factors was performed as well as a critical review of the most important AP prognostic scales (APACHE II, Ranson, BISAP, SOFA, Marshall). The limitations of each scale were described. Simultaneously, the clinical applicability in the early prognostic AP stratification was presented, along with the clinical value of the alcoholic and gallstones etiology in the differential diagnosis. Pre-existing type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease significantly worsen the course of AP and should be included in the prognostic scale. It was shown that the diabetes coexisting with a HBA1C level above 6.5% significantly increases the mortality of AP patients and prolongs the period of hospitalization for 5 days. It was also observed that chronic kidney disease significantly increases the frequency of infective AP complications and raises 3-months mortality.


Microcathodoluminescence (CLS) spectroscopy is used to probe the effect of ionizing radiation on defects inside Al gate oxide structures. Micron-scale Al–SiO2–Si capacitors exposed to 10 keV x-ray irradiation exhibit spatially localized CLS emissions characteristic of multiple deep level traps, including positively charged oxygen-deficient centers and nonbridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHC). Irradiation produces both increases and decreases in their relative emission intensities, depending on spatial location within the oxide. These changes result in a gradient of E′ versus NBOHC defect densities across the oxide thickness between Al and Si interfaces. These results demonstrate that x-ray irradiation-induced deep level traps can be monitored spatially in metal-oxide-semiconductor gate structures, that x-ray irradiation produces separate increases or decreases in E′ versus NBOHC defect densities, and that these changes vary with position within the oxides.


Premise of research. Araucariaceae are currently disjunctively distributed over the Southern Hemisphere, dominating only some restricted habitats. In contrast, fossil representatives of this group from both hemispheres have been reported from the Mesozoic. In the Araripe Basin (northeast Brazil), fossil representatives of Araucariaceae mainly come from the Crato Formation (ca. 120 Ma). They comprise very abundant sterile leafy shoots, rare detached ovuliferous complexes, and dispersed pollen. The morphological variety of the conifer remains showing araucarioid affinities indicates more diversity in the group, which requires investigation. Methodology. Anatomical features were observed using microscopic slides under optical microscopy and with direct observation under SEM. Pivotal results. We describe vegetative shoots of Araucaria violetae sp. nov. on the basis of gross morphological and anatomical characters. The whiplike (pen)ultimate branches bear densely packed helically arranged awl-shaped leaves. Overall, the new species resembles foliage shoots of species of the extant section Eutacta. They could be interpreted either as portions of ultimate shoots of plagiotropic branches or as portions of caducous adventitious shoots. Importantly, we identify mucilage cells in the leaf parenchyma. Conclusions. The new species provides strong evidence for species diversity among Araucaria in the Araripe Basin. Mucilage cells possibly contributed to the water-use efficiency of the fossil plant in a presumed regional hot and semiarid climate. This cell type is present in extant species of the genera Araucaria and Wollemia but absent in extant species of Agathis. However, its presence in Emwadea microcarpa, a fossil stem agathioid, suggests that mucilage cells were lost in stem group agathioids. Thus, our study contributes to the understanding of mucilage cell evolution in Araucariaceae.


Introduction: Globalization is a global trend for most countries, despite their political, economic and cultural development. Globalization as a complex multifaceted phenomenon determines the image of the modern world. Through this process, domestic policy depends on globalization. This is also true for language policy of different countries which reflects the struggle for feminitives. Objectives: to identify the set of social and political factors contributing to the normalization of feminitives. Methods: cross-regional method, historical-genetic method. Results: the cases of six countries Western (France, Belgium and Canada) and post-Soviet (Russia, Ukraine, the Republic of Belarus) have been considered, the main factors contributing emerging disputes regarding feminitives, as well as their further normalization, have been identified. Conclusions: the agent factor in the form of feminist organizations and the economic factor (the level of economic development) in all the cases are considered a catalyst for emerging disputes regarding feminitives, as well as their normalization. Other factors are the women's access to politics, a political regime that contributes or prevents the public discussion and normalization of feminitives, a geopolitical factor that is most typical for the post-Soviet countries, and a federal structure principle that has played a positive role in the Western countries.


Greek text, Italian translation and detailed analysis of Phoenix of Colophon, fr. 1 Powell. The text is incomplete, and the three lines of fr. 3 P. probably belong to the same poem.


This work presents a numerical model developed to simulate the dynamics and vibrations of a multistage tractor gearbox. The effect of time varying mesh stiffness, time varying frictional torque on the gear teeth, lateral and torsional flexibility of the shafts and flexibility of the bearings were included in the model. The model was developed by using the Lagrangian method, and it was applied to study the effect of three design variables on the vibration and stress levels on the gears. The first design variable, module, had little effect on the vibration levels but a higher module resulted to higher bending stress levels. The second design variable, pressure angle, had little effect on the vibration levels, but had a strong effect on the stress levels on the pinion of a high reduction ratio gear pair. A pressure angle of 25 o resulted to lower stress levels for a pinion with 14 teeth than a pressure angle of 20 o . The third design variable, contact ratio, had a very strong effect on both the vibration levels and bending stress levels. Increasing the contact ratio to 2.0 reduced both the vibration levels and bending stress levels significantly. For the gear train design used in this study, a module of 2.5 and contact ratio of 2.0 for the various meshes was found to yield the best combination of low vibration levels and low bending stresses. The model can therefore be used as a tool for obtaining the optimum gear design parameters for a given multistage spur gear train. Keywords—bending stress levels, frictional torque, gear design parameters, mesh stiffness, multistage gear train, vibration levels. NOMENCLATURE


This paper discusses the relative merits of traditional PAG blend resist approach vs a novel Polymer-bound PAG resist approach. In looking at EUV exposures it is shown that the Polymer-bound PAG approach possesses advantages in LWR and Resolution over a PAG blend resist approach. The Polymer-bound PAG approach achieves 25nm half pitch resolution with an LWR of 3.8nm and a photospeed of 10mJ. The Polymeric PAG approach also possesses higher exposure latitude vs a PAG blend resist. Although still maturing, it is felt that polymer-bound PAG-based resists will become quite useful at the 22nm node and below.


A-S 001 FOUNDATION EXHIBITION. (0) An annual exhibition where all first-year Foundation students will select and exhibit one of their works created in a course at UK during their first year. Students will be required to select their own work, present it professionally, and provide an accompanying artist's statement. The exhibition will occur each spring semester. Grade: P or F. Prereq or concur: A-S 101, A-S 102 and A-S 130.


PurposeThere are clear theoretical, policy and practice tensions in conceptualising social or long-term care as a "right": an enforceable choice. The purpose of this article is to address the following questions: Do disabled and older citizens have the right to long-term care? What do these rights look like under different care regimes? Do citizens have the right or duty to *provide* long-term care? It is already known that both formal and informal care across all welfare contexts is mainly provided by women and that this has serious implications for gender equality.Design/methodology/approachIn this article, the author takes a conceptual approach to examining the comparative evidence from developed welfare states with formal long-term care provision and the different models of care, to challenge feminist care theory from the perspective of those living in care poverty (i.e. with insufficient access to long-term care and support to meet their citizenship rights).FindingsDrawing on her own comparative research on models of long-term and "personalised" care, the author finds that different models of state provision and different models of personalised care provide differential citizenship outcomes for carers and those needing care. The findings indicate that well-governed personalised long-term care provides the best outcomes in terms of balancing potentially conflicting citizenship claims and addressing care poverty.Originality/valueThe author develops new approaches to care theory based on citizenship and care poverty that have not been published elsewhere, drawing on models that she developed herself.


PURPOSE: To dissolve the distortion of a track by writing a track tracking servo pattern into the disk of a DASA device using an internal converting head assembly means after completely assembling a direct access storage DASD device. CONSTITUTION: A head servo identification recording region 60 is included and a servo pattern region 61 recorded after that is succeeded in each sector of a recording surface O. Recording for each sector is completed with two clock transition regions 62 and an intermediate null region 65 sometimes including the clock transition. The recording surface O is recorded during whole surface test of a stack of the disk 14 like this. Regions 60 and 61 are read in order to identify the circumferential sector position of the head assembly of the DASD and also in order to servo-control the head assembly so that the head assembly is held over the center of the track within a data cylinder M. The region 62 is read in order to determine the circumferential position of the head assembly within the sector. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


The essay describes the anti-Stalinist tradition as a source of reformist thinking in the USSR and the policies of Nikita Khrushchev as precedents for Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms. It identifies promoters of reform within the Communist Party, among dissidents, and among their foreign supporters. It claims that those who supported Gorbachev were fewer and less influential than it appeared at the time, and that their ideas for economic reform were less developed and coherent than those for democratization and foreign policy. The essay describes the New Economic Policy of the early 1920s advocated by Nikolai Bukharin as an example of what at the time seemed to serve as a precedent for Gorbachev's reforms, but had little actual impact. The essay discusses how opponents of Gorbachev's reforms at home and abroad sought to undermine his initiatives. It considers the role of the United States in bringing the Gorbachev Moment to an end, by highlighting US rejection of Gorbachev's vision of a nuclear-free, demilitarized world; insistence on promoting "shock therapy" for the Russian economy and support for Boris Yeltsin's antidemocratic means of doing so; and policies that undermined democratic opposition to Yeltsin, even as his brutal war against Chechnya helped set a precedent for Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine.


Array Chip I is a bit-slice processor chip using novel fault-tolerant, large-area integration techniques. It provides 20 1-bit bit-slice processors, or cells, which are controlled from a single microinstruction stream. The chip is implemented in 3-/spl mu/m double-metal n-well CMOS, has 115000 transistors, and an unusually large die size of 500/spl times/650 mil. Prototype yields, with at least 16 cells operational exceed 25%. The chip configuration is controlled by software at run time to form bit-parallel or bit-serial words of arbitrary size and to exclude defective elements. Following system initialization, defective elements are invisible at both the programming and the physical chip interconnect levels. Thirty-six of these chips have been used in a prototype cellular-array parallel processor employing the single-instruction stream, multiple-data stream (SIMD) architecture.


The events of Sept. 11 2001 and all that has followed make clear that in a global world our destinies are linked. No one country can ensure global peace and human security alone. The common values and ethics that we develop to guide our interactions with each other - whether as states or local communities organizations or individuals - are the best and maybe the only guarantors of human security. In times of global crisis the United Nations is one of the few places where the world community can use dialogue and negotiation to build understanding and hold each other to these values. This is particularly clear in post-conflict situations such as East Timor Afghanistan the Democratic Republic of Congo Iraq as the day-to-day business of restoring vital services and rebuilding communities becomes a priority. Rebuilding lives and communities demands that we again unite the local and global. Because in todays global world national borders no longer protect us from viruses conflicts or extremisms. They cannot guarantee human security. Over the last decade at a series of U.N. conferences countries committed themselves to a core set of norms and values. It is these norms and values that inspired the Millennium Summit in September 2000 and agreement on a set of eight development priorities known as the Millennium Development Goals. Progress on every one of these goals demands bold leadership and shared commitment of all countries and all people. For it is clear that progress toward each and every one of these goals can be destroyed by war and violence. (excerpt)


Manufacturers and installers of wood-veneered furniture and cabinetry sometimes find that their products eventually develop surface distortions, characterized by either buckling or cracking of the surface finish. The veneer itself sometimes buckles or cracks. Most surface distortions are caused by moisture changes in the product. This guide is a diagnostic tool for locating or narrowing down the source of the problem. By describing the many ways in which moisture changes can become a problem, the guide provides information for avoiding or minimizing surface distortions. Although the guide focuses on veneer, the information presented here should be useful for other wood products as well.


A defect inspection of resin films involves processes of detecting defects, size measuring, type classification and reflective action planning. It is not only a process requiring heavy investment in workforce, but also a tension between quality assurance with a 50-micrometer tolerance and visibility of the naked eye. To solve the difficulties of the workforce and time consumption processes of defect inspection, an apparatus is designed to collect high-quality images in one shot by leveraging a large field-of-view microscope at 2K resolution. Based on the image dataset, a two-step method is used to first locate possible defects and predict their types by a defect-shape-based deep learning model using the LeNet-5-adjusted network. The experimental results show that the proposed method can precisely locate the position and accurately inspect the fine-grained defects of resin films.


Using a sectioned‐section procedure it was found that only a few structures, e.g. the connective tissue elements, were deeply penetrated by phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and uranyl acetate (UA). Reynold's lead citrate appeared to penetrate more generally. Using stains selective for the embedding medium, and also observing the surfaces of shadowed sections, it was concluded that structures readily penetrated by polar stains were only poorly infiltrated by non‐polar embedding media. It is argued that this differential infiltration leading to differential penetration by polar stains largely controls the pattern of staining of ultrathin sections by PTA and UA.


The main purpose of this study is to explore any dimension from traditional market consumer's experiences that could affect their behaviour. The variables included in this study are experience quality, perceived value, visitor's satisfaction, and customer loyalty. This study divided into two phases: exploring any indicators that construct the experience quality of traditional market's customer using Exploratory Factor Analysis, and analysing the relationship between the variables on the model. In the first phase, the data was collected by doing a Focus Discussion Group that consist of six to nine traditional market's customers. The data for the second phase was collected by questionnaire on 250 traditional market's customer. This study found there are seven indicators that could construct the experience quality of traditional market's customer, however the experience quality is found to have no significant effect toward customer loyalty. In addition perceived value and visitor's satisfaction is proved to have significant effect toward customer loyalty, thus these two variables could fully mediate the relationship between experience quality and customer loyalty.


(1996). On the universalizability of human rights. The European Legacy: Vol. 1, Fourth International Conference of the International Society for the study of European Ideas, pp. 526-531.


The Home Lift, Position and Rehabilitation (HLPR) Chair, developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), has unique capabilities and a unique shape as compared to conventional wheelchairs and powered chairs. The evaluation of its static and dynamic stability is necessary to ensure rider safety. Recently, the HLPR Chair was converted into an autonomous forklift for the manufacturing industry. The HLPR forklift includes articulated forks that replace the chair from the original HLPR Chair design. Both the HLPR Chair and HLPR forklift prototypes can carry approximately 114 kg (250 lb) beneath an upper rotation joint (i.e., rotates the seat or the forks). HLPR stability was evaluated based on the American National Standard (ANSI) and the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) wheelchair and forklift standards. Also, new test methods were created and tested that are currently not provided in these standards because of HLPR's unique lift and rotation capabilities. The following report details the standard and new test methods and test results.


The security of land resource is the base of man's existence,the physical support of social and economic development,but also precondition of sustainable development in an area.Three Gorges reservoir is a quitely particular region.Its issues of the security of land resource are analyzed in detail on the base of interpreting the conception of the security of land resource.At last some suggestions and countermeasures are put forward for the security of land resource in Three Gorges reservoir.


: The current state and prospects of the development of cyber-physical systems for the conversion of energy of mechanical motion into electric energy have been analyzed; the design scheme of the mechanical energy conversion of the rolling parts of the artillery cannon into electrical energy has been developed; the initial characteristics of the linear generator have been analyzed; a mathematical model of the electromechanical converter has been outlined.


1. Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Roads, Oxford, United Kingdom. 2. King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology – Oxford Centre of Excellence in Petrochemicals, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom. 3. Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Reading, United Kingdom. 4. electron Physical Science Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Didcot, United Kingdom. * Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com


A system and method is provided that allows alternative messaging routes when Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) message delivery fails. Automatic retry mechanisms are put into place to automatically retry transmission of a failed SIP message. In one embodiment, a mobile terminal having received a failed SIP delivery message, automatically instantiates a Short Message Service (SMS) message delivery. In another embodiment, a Short Message Service Center (SMSC) /SIP proxy instantiates message retry mechanisms based on a previously configured schedule. A legacy SMS device may also initiate an SMS message to the SMSC/SIP proxy, whereby the SMSC/SIP proxy initiates either SMS or SIP retry mechanisms.


China is changing fast. Large infrastructure and construction projects turned China into the world's largest importer of heavy construction equipment. Many projects are built in a very short period of time. Most observations outside of China are referred to fast prestigious projects such as Beijing Olympics subway, Beijing International Airport Terminal-3 and Shanghai Pu Dong International Airport with beautiful designs, grand structures and short construction time period are practically not the complete picture of building infrastructure in China. In fact, plenty of infrastructure projects took long time duration of decision making process on Chinese large infrastructure projects. Therefore, the main research is to answer the following research question: What are the critical factors that explain time duration of the decision making process on China's large infrastructure projects? In order to answer this question, three major methods are used: desk research, interviews and case study. The desk research includes documentary studies of the related institutional reports, official white papers and academic research for general information. The interviews are conducted by face to face interview, telephone interview and online interview, which can provide detailed information and data which are difficult to be found from document study. The case study is focusing on one single case, Harbin subway project, which is explained from two decision making perspectives generated from theoretical research: project perspective and process perspective. Factors explaining long time decision making duration of the selected case will be explored based on both the analytical process by applying theoretical framework and the output that how much theoretical framework can apply on the decision-making process of the selected case. Based on the case study, certain of factors are identified as critical to explain time-duration of decision making process on large infrastructure projects in China. They are 1)insufficient power results in inefficient progress, 2)absence of entrepreneurs and absence of coupling, 3)closed national policy window, 4)strategic behaviors among interactions, 5)interminable application procedure on Chinese large infrastructure projects, 6)strategic choice to urban infrastructure services instead of new infrastructure construction project, 7)frequent personnel changes of mayor position, 8)tense economic interference and a tight link between national economic development and infrastructure investment and 9)the changing cognitions of Chinese residences. At last corresponding learning points drawn up as: 1) under Mao's regime, decision making process presents the most significant characteristics from the project perspective; After Deng's economic reform and power decentralization, certain characteristics from the process perspective emerged at the municipal government and central government still presents limited characteristics from the process perspective. 2) The characteristics of decision making process on economic infrastructure project as Harbin subway case are varied from that of the national mission project and image project. 3) Different municipal power status and regional deviation result in different speed of decision making process.


Happy Valentine's baby , , 5. Bray GA. Complications of obesity. Ann InternMed 1985; 103: 1052-1062. 6. Garrison RJ, Castelli WP Weight and thirty-year mortality of men in the Framingham Study. Ann InternMed 1985; 103: 1006-1009. 7. NHMRC Working Party. Acting on Australia's weight: a strategic plan for the prevention of overweight and obesity. Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council, 1997. 8 Bjorntorp P The associations between Obesity, adipose tissue distribution and disease. Acta Med Scand Supp11988;723: 121-134. 9 Bjorntorp P Abdominal obesity and the development of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Rev 1988A; 4: 615-622. 10. Bjorntorp P "Portal" adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Meriosclerosis 1990; 10: 493-496. 11. Aravich PF,Sclafani A. Paraventricular hypothalamic lesions and medial hypothalamic knife cuts produce similar hyperphagia syndromes. BehavNeurosci1983; 97: 970-983. 12. Lustig RH, Rose SR, Burghen GA, et al. Hypothalamic obesity caused by cranial insult in children: altered glucose and insulin dynamics and reversal by a somatostatin agonist. J Pediatr 1999; 135: 162-168. 13. Thorburn AW, Proietto J. Neuropeptides, the hypothalamus and obesity: Insights into the central control of body weight. Pathology1998; 30: 229-236. 14. West DB, Fey 0, Woods SC. Cholecystokinin persistently suppresses meal size but not food intake in free-feeding rats. AmJ Physio/1984; 246: R776-R787. 15. Leibel RL, Rosenbaum M, Hirsch J. Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight. N Engl J Med 1995; 332 621-628. 16. Levine JA, Eberhardt NL, Jensen MD. Role of nonexercise activity thermogenesis in resistance to fat gain in humans. Science 1999; 283: 212-214. 17. Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, et al. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994; 372: 425-432. 18. Elmquist JK, Maratos-Flier E, Saper CB, Flier JS. Unraveling the central nervous system pathways underlying responses to leptin. Nat Neurosci 1998; 1: 445-450. 19. Farooqi IS, Jebb SA, Langmack G, et al. Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenitalleptin deficiency. N EnglJ Med 1999; 341' 879-884. 20. Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, et at. Serum immunoreactive-Ieptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. N EnglJ Med 1996; 334: 292-295. 21. Clement K, Vaisse C, Lahlou N, et al. A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction. Nature 1998; 392: 398-401. 22. Mitchell BD, Cole SA, Comuzzie AG, et al. A quantitative trait locus influencing BMI maps to the region of the beta-3 adrenergic receptor. Diabetes 1999; 48: 1863-1867. 23 Boden G, Chen X, Mozzoli M, Ryan I. Effect of fasting on serum leptin in normal human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 3419-3423. 24 Wadden TA, Frey DL. A multicenter evaluation of a proprietary weight loss program for the treatment of marked obesity: a five-year follow-up. IntJ EatDisord 1997; 22: 203-212. 25. Gortmaker SL, Must A, Perrin JM, et al. Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood. N EnglJ Med 1993; 329: 1008-1012. 0


In their seminal review of physics research around 1900 [1], Forman, Heilbron and Weart observed that "men of independent means with private laboratories, and the occasional engineer or industrial physicist with the time and taste for basic research" remained an exception at a time when physics research was a well-established academic discipline1. This was particularly true for Germany, where the 1905 directory [2] compiling active researchers in physics, mathematics and astronomy counted only few men under the elusive category of "Privatgelehrte"2 in physics. While this list includes eminent scientists such as Berend Wilhelm Feddersen (1832–1918) or Richard Zsigmondy (1865–1929), the case of a self-taught amateur who succeeded in contributing significant scientific achievements in physics was unusual at this time. The history of Viktor Schumann's (1841–1913) contributions to UV spectroscopy is a case study for progress off the beaten track in basic physics research at the turn of the 20th century. This contribution traces the work of a lone scientist, whose impact, incidentally, was first valorized abroad rather than in his home country.


Abstract. Availability of regional information on the internet can be researched minimally in two levels: the local information resources and the nationwide information resources. The paper deals with the evaluation of the internet use in case of availability of regional information at the nationwide level. From realized inquiries it is also apparent that internet services become a decisive resource of regional information. Above all it is dealt with web services; however, an important role starts to be played also by social networks.


Use of 3D printing, or additive manufacturing (AM) technology, in window design and construction is an under-explored area of research. Given the rapid advancements in AM technology and the potential for AM to address significant challenges associated with window design and manufacturing, there was a need to explore the feasibility of using AM technology. Alcoa's Kawneer (Alcoa Building and Construction Systems) partnered with Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) Manufacturing Demonstration Facility (MDF) to explore the technical and commercial viability of large-scale 3D printing technologies with Kawneer's AM window design. The project combined Alcoa/Kawneer's design and expertise with ORNL's equipment capability to create and study the world's first 3D printed window using Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) technology. The results show that AM is useful for creating custom window shapes and sizes. With AM, more efficient windows can be made by sealing the glass pane into the printed frame during the printing process. In addition to energy savings, the use of AM reduces the manual labor required to produce custom windows.


Herbal medicine has been in use for centuries and the need for proper standardization remains a pressing issue among users and health practitioners. This work looks at the phytochemical analysis of dried powder Psidiumguajava stem bark, proximate and metal content. The phytochemical analysis of the dried powder stem bark of Psidiumguajava shows that it contains most of the medicinal constituent like glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, and alkaloids. This explains its wide use in the treatment of disease by traditional healers. Proximate analysis also showed that it has a high nutritional carbohydrate with low protein, lipid and fiber content. Metal analysis revealed that the powdered bark has low calcium (1.51 mg/kg), magnesium (0.69 mg/kg), iron (12.97 mg/kg), potassium (0.72 mg/kg) and sodium (0.03 mg/kg) value, while manganese (25.33 mg/kg) and zinc (49.69 mg/kg) values are very high, in comparism with the tolerable upper intake value and the dietary recommendation as stipulated by the dietary reference intakes (DRIs). Hence adequate screening and standardization are necessary before administration of the crude extract.


River inflows are often the dominant source of sediment into a lacustrine system and the extent of sediment transport can be an important indicator of the impact of introduced constituents on an ecosystem. Inflow intrusions, which intrude into the middle of the water column at a depth of neutral buoyancy, can be common in deep, stratified lakes and reservoirs. However, the dynamics and associated sediment transport of these flows have received less attention in the literature compared to surface or underflow plumes. A three‐dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport model was used to investigate sediment transport due to inflow intrusions in Pallanza Bay, an embayment within Lake Maggiore, Italy. The model was validated using field observations of inflow intrusions over varying conditions and was then used to simulate a range of realistic scenarios to evaluate sediment transport and deposition from inflow intrusions. The extent of sedimentation across the range of simulated scenarios can be estimated using a simple analytical expression with only a priori known parameters. The expression is a function of the intrusion plume speed and thickness, which are governed by the volume flow rate and the ambient stratification. We utilize the first‐mode wave speed to characterize the ambient stratification in the simplified expression, which eliminates the need to characterize near‐field mixing and entrainment to predict the intrusion depth. While the simple expression gives a reasonable estimate of the sedimentation extent, it does not capture lateral variability in the plume due to effects like lateral spreading and the earth's rotation.


ABSTRAK This study Held on 20 August to 4 September 2014. The aims : 1) the cost of production, sales and profits by analyzing the processing of salted fish. 2) To know how much the contributions made from salted fish processing companies to the total household income of fishermen. 3) To know the limitations and problems in the processing of salted fish processing companies. Take census respondents to the salted fish processors that perform processing each month, amounting to 2 persons, while it done in a simple random sumpling on salted fish processors do processing depending on the season less than 14 respondents. The average incurred by the salted fish processing performed per month in the first year total cost of Rp 20.463.667 with revenues of Rp 30.38 million and the average profit earned Rp 10.036.333, average total cost spent by processing salted fish depending on the season is Rp 5.380.193 with a turnover of Rp 6.536.923 and the average profit earned Rp 1,118,378. Contributions average score given by the processing of salted fish, which depend on the season amounted to 19% and which is not dependent on the processing of regular season by 81%, wherein the contribution of salted fish processing company still shows very low because of the low contribution of the low production. Problems in the processing of raw materials salted fish depending on the season, the equipment is simple, the drying process depends on the weather and lack of hygiene. Keywords: salted fish, cost, revenue , profit , contribution


While the disconnect between the reality of the human breast cancer experience and the preclinical models used to study the disease has been of concern for many years, two technical breakthroughs are the principle drivers of the contemporary de-bate on this critical issue. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of DNA and RNA has revealed the stunning complexity of breast cancer genomes, with tumors often harboring hundreds, even thousands, of somatic changes and marked clonal heterogen-eity (1). Clearly cell line collections do not reflect the clinical and genomic complexity of breast cancer. The second breakthrough is the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) field where enhanced engraftment rates for breast cancer in new strains of immuno-compromised mice and new engraftment techniques are creating a rapidly enlarging repertoire of new breast cancer models with detailed clinical annotation (2). The potential of merging these fields was first illustrated in 2010 when a trio of samples from a patient with basal-like breast cancer was exam-ined by whole-genome sequencing (3). The comparison between the breast primary, a brain metastasis, and a PDX from the primary revealed that the PDX has a mutational repertoire more similar to the brain metastasis, even though it was grown from the primary. This suggested that the PDX captured the most metastatic subclones, as if the mouse was functioning as a metastatic site. Subsequently PDX methodologies have been used to reveal endocrine therapy resistance mechanisms (4) and to model new treatment approaches (5). In general PDX models are reasonably genomically and phenotypically stable across successive generations; however, further clonal evolu-tion


four pyroxene-rich from unequilibrated ordinary chondrites, (LL3.0) (LL3.1), ion microprobe of in the chondrules. (60Fe/56Fe)0 range (2.2+/-1.0)x10-7 to (4.4+/-2.0)x10-7, for sulfides in Bishunpur and Krymka


Recent discovery of the extraordinary-log universality has generated tremendous interest in classical and quantum boundary critical phenomena. However, the classical-quantum correspondence of such a universality remains elusive. Here, by utilizing quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we study the quantum edge criticality of a two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model featuring emergent bulk criticality. On top of an insulating bulk, the open edges experience a Kosterlitz-Thouless-like transition into superfluid phase when sufficiently enhancing the hopping strength on edges. At the bulk critical point, the edges exhibit the special, the ordinary and the extraordinary critical phases. In the extraordinary phase, logarithms are involved in the finite-size scaling of two-point correlation and superfluid stiffness, which admit a classical-quantum correspondence for the extraordinary-log universality. Thanks to the modern quantum emulator for interacting bosons in lattices, the edge critical phases might be realized in experiments.


Evaluation of: Shukla R, Kanna VK, Vinod P, Sankhwar ML, Yadav RS: Platelet dopamine: D2-receptor binding in patients with migraine. Cephalalgia DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01760.X (2009) (Epub ahead of print). This study aimed to measure the level of platelet dopamine binding to the dopamine D2 receptor in migraineurs, using 3H-spiperone as a radioligand, and compared samples with control subjects. Patients adhering to the International Headache Society classification of migraine were shown to have significantly reduced dissociation constant (Kd: 1.71 ± 0.19 nM) for D2-receptor binding compared with controls. There was no relationship between Kd and other specific clinical features, such as migraine type, frequency and vomiting. The findings point to a relationship between dopamine binding and migraine, however further studies with larger patient groups are necessary to evaluate the exact role of dopamine and specific clinical features.


In this paper, a method of building damage extraction based on multi-source remote sensing data is proposed and applied to Beichuan area, which is a good innovation. The paper is technically fair and the topic is relevant for the journal. However, there are also some issues that need to be revised: 1.In the abstract part, the author introduces the application of single source data in the extraction of seismic damage information. As far as I know, many scholars have also begun to study the methods of extracting information from images by fusion of two or more types of data. It is suggested that the author supplement and supplement relevant references. ReplyïijŽThanks for


just withering away. Older forms of discrimination and structural exploitation are being reworked in diverse ways. The neo-liberal growth strategy, for example, has generated newer forms of dispossession and marginalisation that exist, not only despite the remarkable growth performance, but also as part of the very processes that are claimed to have generated the impetus for growth. Vandana Shiva, Medha Patkar, Surendra Mohan, Arjun Sengupta and Debabrata Bandopadhyay, among others, have addressed various dimensions of the highly uneven and inequitable growth process. On the brighter side, Harsh Mander discusses the judicial intervention to ensure food security for the poor. Rajendra Singh narrates the experiences in water harvesting in Rajasthan through community action, while Ela Bhatt reflects upon the SEWA experience in mobilising women, respectively. These contributions, collectively and individually, demonstrate the possibilities for alternative conceptualisations of a better society and, in many different ways, present the alternative ways of working towards those goals as well. Obviously, there are many unanswered questions and ambiguities in such attempts. But, as a whole, the underlying theme of all these voices is hope in future—a hope that is not oblivious to the real challenges facing the nation and humanity at large. This book should be of interest to the general readers as well as to social scientists interested in the fascinating and intriguing journey of India as a nation. One hopes that there will be more such attempts to look at the achievements and failures of the country, in a balanced, impartial and sensitive manner.


As a high quality protein resource that contains 18 amino acids including 8 essential ones accounting for 40% of total amino acids, silkworm pupa protein is more nutritional than soybean protein isolate. However, silkworm pupa protein is generally processed into powder with poor water solubility and unfavorable odor, which greatly retards its application in food industry. Silkworm pupa protein was hydrolyzed with five proteases (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Protamex, Papain and Trypsin) respectively. Alcalase was confirmed as an optimal enzyme preparation to prepare silkworm pupa polypeptide in terms of degree of hydrolysis (DH) of material and DPPH· scavenging activity of hydrolysates. The enzymatic hydrolysis procedure was optimized using orthogonal array method and the corresponding product was subjected to further analysis of antioxidant activity such as reducing power and O2·, ·OH and DPPH·scavenging activities. The optimal Alcalase-catalyzed hydrolysis parameters were as follows: substrate concentration 4%, enzyme/substrate concentration ratio 2:100, temperature 60 ℃, pH 4, and hydrolysis duration 4 h, and under such conditions a DH of 28.2% was achieved. The hydrolysis product could effectively scavenge DPPH·, O2· and OH· radicals, suggesting its strong antioxidant activity.


A cist burial containing the fragmentary remains of a (probably) female skeleton, a decorated Northern British/Northern Rhine Beaker, a group of flints, a fragmentary copper awl and some fragments of burnt bone and charcoal, was unearthed by ploughing in 1995. A sample of skeletal bone yielded a radiocarbon date of 2135-1935 cal BC at one sigma. Analysis of the pollen and spore content in an area of stained cist-floor sediment surrounding the skeleton suggested that flowers of Brassicaceae and Filipendula were deliberately deposited in the cist at the time of the inhumation. A series of trial trenches was excavated around the burial to investigate whether any additional archaeological evidence was detectable, but none was found.


Gas Carry-Under (GCU) is one of the undesirable phenomena that exists in the GLCC©1 even within the Operational Envelope (OPEN) for liquid carry-over. Few studies that are available on GLCC© GCU have been carried out when the GLCC© is operated in a metering loop configuration characterized by recombined outlets. In such configurations the gas and the liquid outlets of the GLCC are recombined downstream which acts as passive level control. However, studies have shown that the GLCC© OPEN increases significantly when active control strategies are employed. There has not been a systematic study aimed at analyzing the effect of control on the GCU in the GLCC. This study compares the previously published GLCC GCU swirling flow mechanism under recombination outlet configuration with data taken under the separated outlet configuration (control configuration). Experimental investigations for GCU are conducted in a state-of-the-art test facility for air-water and air-oil flow incorporating pressure and level control configurations. The experiments are carried out using a 3″ diameter GLCC© equipped with 3 sequential trap sections to measure simultaneously the Gas Volume Fraction (GVF) and gas evolution in the lower part of the GLCC. Also, gas trap sections are installed in the liquid leg of the GLCC© to measure simultaneously the overall GCU. The liquid level was controlled at 6″ below the GLCC© inlet for all experiments using various control strategies. Tangential wall jet impingement is the cause for entrainment of gas, thereby leading to GCU. 3 different flow mechanisms have been identified in the lower part of the GLCC and have significant effect on the GCU. Viscosity and surface tension are observed to affect the GCU. The extensive acquired data shed light on the complex flow behavior in the lower part of the GLCC© and its effect on the GCU of the GLCC©.


Objective: Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most frequent nerve entrapment syndrome in upper extremity. Among treatment options, in situ decompression is an effective and safe procedure. However, nerve stretching or subluxation is a potential problem. In this study, we want to identify in situ decompression with cubital tunnel retinaculum repair that can relieve ulnar nerve stretching. Materials and Methods: In total, 35 patients (30 male, 5 female; mean age, 53.1 years) presenting with primary cubital tunnel syndrome operated by in situ decompression with cubital tunnel retinaculum repair were included in the repair group. Twenty-six patients (19 male, 7 female; mean age, 54.6 years) treated with in situ decompression were included in the control group. Intraoperatively in the repair group, the ulnar nerve length (UNL) from intermuscular septum to the first motor branch was measured before and after the cubital tunnel retinaculum repair. Ulnar nerve position at elbow extension and flexion was recorded by ultrasonography postoperative 1 year in both groups. The UNL before and after the retinaculum was analyzed by t test, and ulnar nerve position between the two groups was analyzed by Fisher's exact test. Results: UNL at elbow extension was not different significantly before and after the retinaculum repair (before repair, 11.4 ± 0.7 cm; after repair, 11.4 ± 0.7 cm), but UNL at elbow flexion was significantly decreased after the retinaculum repair (P < .001; before repair, 12.5 ± 0.7 cm; after repair, 11.8 ± 0.7 cm). The ulnar nerve position at both extension and flexion was different between groups (P < .001). Conclusion: UNL was decreased after cubital tunnel retinaculum repair. In situ decompression with cubital tunnel retinaculum repair can be an effective procedure to relieve irritation due to ulnar nerve stretching.


Considerable discussion and publication occurred in the early 1980s regarding the relationship between computing centers and libraries. The dialogue centered on whether libraries and computing centers should be merged into a single orga nizational unit with broad responsibility for the big "I"—Information—on cam pus. In 1985 Raymond K. Neff wrote an article entitled, "Merging Libraries and Computer Centers: Manifest Destiny or Manifestly Deranged?" This article fo cused the discussion and debate that continued for the rest of the decade. It began with the sentence: "The idea of merging the imiversity library with the university computing center is not grounded in experience—no institution has actually done it—^but comes instead from trends that can be observed in both types of or ganizations."^ Neff identified eight trends that demonstrated the similarities of libraries and computer centers. The increasing use libraries made of computers and electronic databases served as the basis for the similarities, resulting in an overlap and reliance, not previously existing, between libraries and computer centers. Thirteen years later Arnold Hirshon identified more than ninety institu tions in this country that had formal organizational relationships between the library and the computing center. What has happened in the intervening years to make Ra3unond Neff's rhetoric a reality? The authors of this chapter believe that interest in the formalized conjoining of libraries and computing centers emerged during two very distinct periods— between 1984 and 1987 and from 1992 to the present. We believe that the unique confluence of driving forces in higher education, information technology, and li braries contributed to the waxing of interest and subsequent waning.


This paper addresses two seemingly unrelated problems, (a) What is the entropy and energy accounting in the Maxwell Demon problem? and (b) How can the efficiency of markets be measured? Here we show, in a simple model for the Maxwell Demon, the entropy of the universe increases by an amount eta=0.839995520 in going from a random state to an ordered state and by an amount eta*=2.731382 in going from one sorted state to another sorted state. We calculate the efficiency of an engine driven by the Maxwell sorting process. The efficiency depends only on the temperatures of the particles and of the computer the Demon uses to sort the particles. We also show the approach is general and create a simple model of a stock market in which the Limit Trader plays the role of the Maxwell Demon. We use this model to define and measure market efficiency.


When one looks from inside at a lighted win dow, or looks from above at the lake, one sees the image of oneself in a lighted room, the image of oneself among trees and sky?the deception is ohvoius, but flattering all the same. When one looks from the darkness into the light, however, one sees all the difference between here and there, this and that. Perhaps all unsheltered people are angry in their hearts, and would like to break the roof spine, and ribs, and smash the windows and flood the floor and spindle the curtains and bloat the couch.


Objective To analyze the clinical,CT and MRI characteristics of sinus disease led to unilateral exophthalmos and their therapy.Methods Reviewed 52 cases sinus disease led to unilateral exophthalmos and clinical,CT,MRI features.Results Among 52 cases,Included mucoceles(29 cases),adenoid cystic carcinoma(11 cases),squamous epithelium carcinoma(6 cases),other malignancy tumor(6 cases).CT and MRI can diplay the kind and apposition of the paranasal sinus diseases exactly.All cases operation therapy.Conclusions Paranasal sinus diseases maybe easier to encroach upon the orbit,exophthalmos maybe the first symptom that we can found.CT and MRI is helpful to the exact diagnosis of these diseases.Department of ophthalmology associated with otorhinolaryngology therapied paranasal sinus diseases maybe more useful than signal.


Since the pioneering works of Amagat, Bourdon and Cailletet, there is a long tradition of research in the field of high pressure in France. From 1950 to 1980 the major part of the research on high pressure was performed in the Laboratory of High Pressure located at Meudon-Bellevue. The director, B. Vodar, was also the founder of AIRAPT (International Association for the Advancement of High Pressure Science and Technology). During the eighties some new laboratories appeared, for instance, the Department of High Pressure of Paris VI founded by J. Besson. At present, there are approximately six major laboratories and fifteen groups working in the field of high pressures in France. At the laboratory of "Physique des Milieux Condenses" [1], a new uniaxial press with toroidal or quasi-conical anvils was developed and calibrated with NaCl. In a diamond cell the melting curve of argon was measured up to 800 K (R. Le Toullec, P. Loubeyre & J.P. Pinceaux). A press, which can be filled with gas, was built to observe the variation of the intramolecular distance H-H with respect to the intermolecular distance in solid H2 (J.M Besson & S. Klotz). A large volume press was used to study phonon dispersion up to 7 GPa by inelastic neutron scattering in Ge and Fe3Pt (S. Klotz & J.M. Besson). A uniaxial press for use in neutron diffraction studies was developed to produce pressures up to 30 GPa and low temperatures (S. Klotz & J.M. Besson). Structural changes in bismuth were studied up to 7 GPa. The variation of hydrogen bonding distance was analyzed in D2C4O4 from 2.8 to 4 GPa. The phase diagram of D2S was determined by neutron diffraction from 110 to 300 K and 0 to 8 GPa. Interatomic distances were measured in D2O phases VII and VIII up to 26 GPa by neutron diffraction


recently held in Chungking. The tasks which it faced were: to prevent the decrease of industrial production; to plan its enlargement during the next phase of the war; and to clarify the complicated problem of China's postwar industrialization. Complete statistics about the present level of indus? trial production in Free China are, of course, not available. It is possible, however, to get a general picture of the industrial basis on which the two hundred and fifty or three hundred million people of Free China are continuing to hold out, after six years of war. It should be emphasized that at least two of these years have been years of almost total economic blockade from the outside world.