Thin films of the conducting polymer poly(3,4-(1-azidomethylethylene)dioxythiophene) tosylate (PEDOT−N3) can be functionalized by reaction with alkynated reagents in aqueous solutions. Reaction in pure water resulted in surface specific modification of PEDOT−N3 films, whereas both surface and bulk reaction was achieved in solvent mixtures of water and DMSO. These reaction patterns were confirmed by a combination of AFM and XPS measurements on the front- and back-side of the film. The phenomenon is attributed to a strong dependence of the swelling of PEDOT−N3 on the solvent mixture used. Liquid AFM studies showed increasing film thickness with increasing DMSO content, with the measured thickness in pure DMSO being >250% of the thickness in pure water. A similar, but less pronounced, behavior was observed for unmodified poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) tosylate (PEDOT). High-density grafting of a number of alkynated compounds onto PEDOT−N3 was achieved via controlled swelling of the polymer. In particular, ...


In an era of globalization,the distribution and composition of the world economy has witnessed profound changes.In particular,the later 20th Century witnessed a transition from Fordism to flexible accumulation.The new experience of time-space compression,appearing along with this transition,reflects a more sensitive orientation of capital.The new international division of labor is,by nature,an attempt of multi-national corporations to expand their internal division of labor to developing countries by virtue of their capital advantages, while foreign direct investment is a major means to realize this strategic goal and the allocation of production.Since the 1980s,foreign direct investment has largely concentrated on the service industry,while the financial industry and advanced producer services tend to converge in the world major cities,which has given rise to global cities(or called world cities).In this process,global cities have gradually become the dominating playing fields of the activities of the world economy,while the strengths of nation-states have been weakened.However,the complicated dynamics between the two is by no means as simple as it appears to be,leaving much to be explored.


An unprecedented reaction for the direct trifluoromethylthiolation and fluorination of alkyl alcohols using AgSCF3 and nBu4NI has been developed. The trifluoromethylthiolated compounds and alkyl fluorides were selectively formed by changing the ratio of AgSCF3/nBu4NI. This protocol is tolerant of different functional groups and might be applicable to late-stage trifluoromethylthiolation of alcohols.


This article reviews existing evidence of sex bias in job evaluation judgments and analyzes research methods that have been used to study the issue. There are three potential sources of bias in job evaluation: (1) direct bias—jobs held predominantly by females are judgmentally underevaluated relative to predominantly male jobs with the same content; (2) indirect bias—job evaluation judgments are influenced by knowledge of potentially discriminatory current wages; and (3) sex-of-rater bias. Results of the empirical studies reviewed provide little or no evidence of either direct bias or sex-of-rater bias. However, consistent support was found for indirect bias in job evaluation: Jobs perceived as high paying are typically assigned higher job evaluation points (or higher pay rates) than those perceived as low paying. Methodological issues in the study of job evaluation are also discussed, particularly the dilemma of attempting to manipulate pay level and job sex in realistic ways (for high external validity) that are also effective and believable to subjects (for high internal validity).


Abstract In this paper we connect Archimedean survival processes (ASPs) with the theory of Markov copulas. ASPs were introduced by Hoyle and Mengütürk (2013) to model the realized variance of two assets. We present some new properties of ASPs related to their dependency structure. We study weak and strong Markovian consistency properties of ASPs. An ASP is weak Markovian consistent, but generally not strong Markovian consistent. Our results contain necessary and sufficient conditions for an ASP to be strong Markovian consistent. These properties are closely related to the concept of Markov copulas, which is very useful in modelling different dependence phenomena. At the end we present possible applications.


The invention discloses a making method of 2, 7-dichlorofluorene-4-epoxyethane, which comprises the following steps: adopting condensed alcaine and MnO2 as chlorinated agent; making 2, 7-dichlorofluorene; reacting bromoacetyl bromide or bromoacetyl chloride and 2, 7-dichlorofluorene to generate 2, 7-dichlorofluorene-4-broethanone; reacting with potassium borohydride to obtain the product.


With buckwheat as auxillary material wort was prepared. According to effects of enzyme addition amount, adding stage, reacting time and auxillary material addition amount on the content of sugar and the content of a-amino nitrogen, orthogonal test was performed to optimize the conditions of wort preparation. The optimum conditions were as follows: enzyme addition amount 0.30%, adding at low-temperature stage of soak, reaction time 20 min and buckwheat addition amount 30%. Under thses conditions, wort with 11oP or 14oP was obtained, and then could obtained the buckwheat beer. Analysis results showed that the final product had good sensory and physical and chemical indicators.


The MAPK-interacting kinases 1 and 2 (MNK1 and MNK2) are activated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) or p38 in response to cellular stress and extracellular stimuli that include growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Modulation of MNK activity affects translation of mRNAs involved in the cell cycle, cancer progression, and cell survival. However, the mechanism by which MNK selectively affects translation of these mRNAs is not understood. MNK binds eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) and phosphorylates the cap-binding protein eIF4E. Using a cell-free translation system from rabbit reticulocytes programmed with mRNAs containing different 5′-ends, we show that an MNK inhibitor, CGP57380, affects translation of only those mRNAs that contain both a cap and a hairpin in the 5′-UTR. Similarly, a C-terminal fragment of human eIF4G-1, eIF4G(1357–1600), which prevents binding of MNK to intact eIF4G, reduces eIF4E phosphorylation and inhibits translation of only capped and hairpin-containing mRNAs. Analysis of proteins bound to m7GTP-Sepharose reveals that both CGP and eIF4G(1357–1600) decrease binding of eIF4E to eIF4G. These data suggest that MNK stimulates translation only of mRNAs containing both a cap and 5′-terminal RNA duplex via eIF4E phosphorylation, thereby enhancing the coupled cap-binding and RNA-unwinding activities of eIF4F.


Abstract This study investigated the association between childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) risk of cognitive impairment but not dementia (CIND), cognitive impairment (dementia or CIND), and dementia and whether adult personality mediated this association. A sample of 10,289 participants (aged 50 and older) from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were followed across 2-year periods between 2006 - 2018. Estimates of mediation effects in Cox Proportional Hazards regressions were conducted using Mplus software to approximate the total effects of cSES on the cognitive outcomes and the natural indirect effects and natural direct effects derived when personality causally mediated this outcome. cSES was associated with increased risk of all three cognitive outcomes. Conscientiousness partially mediated the relationship between cSES and dementia, CIND, and cognitive impairment risk while neuroticism partially mediated dementia and impairment, but not CIND. Personality improved the overall model fit between cSES and both CIND and impairment, and conscientiousness was specifically associated with significantly lowered cognitive impairment risk over time. Conscientiousness and neuroticism substantially mediated the relationship between cSES and risk of impairment in old age. This research adds to lifespan models and suggests that distinct personality traits attenuate early childhood factors that contribute to lifespan development and cognitive aging. Conscientiousness in particular may act as a protective buffer mediating risk factors associated with cognitive impairment in old age.


Today's restrictive environmental regulations encourage paper mills to close their water systems. Closed water systems increase the level of contaminants significantly. Accumulations of solid suspensions are detrimental to both the papermaking process and the final products. To remove these solids, technologies such as flotation using dissolved air (DAF), centrifuging, and screening have been developed. Dissolved Air Flotation systems are commonly used to clarify whitewater. These passive systems use high pressure to dissolve air into whitewater. When the pressure is released, air micro-bubbles form and attach themselves to fibers and particles, which then float to the surface where they are mechanically skimmed off. There is an economic incentive to explore alternatives to the DAF technology to drive down the cost of whitewater processing and minimize the use of chemicals. The installed capital cost for a DAF system is significant and a typical DAF system takes up considerable space. An alternative approach, which is the subject of this project, involves a dual method combining the advantages of chemical flocculation and in-line ultrasonic clarification to efficiently remove flocculated contaminants from a water stream


The interaction of oxygen with a reactive metal is ubiquitous, yet the precise atomic-level mechanisms and pathways leading to the formation of a surface oxide are not well understood. We report oxygen atom distributions inside Rh single nanoparticles using Atom Probe Microscopy (APM) and demonstrate that mainly facets of the <02-2> crystallographic directions act as oxygen-permeable gateways. The highly anisotropic spatial distribution of incorporated oxygen atoms is in agreement with video-field emission analyses according to which {113} facets of the <02-2> zones act as portals for subsurface diffusion. In addition to providing a more fundamental understanding of the precursor states to metal corrosion, in particular for the case of nano-sized metal particles, our studies are also relevant for heterogeneous catalysis where catalytic activity and selectivity conform to reaction-induced structural changes of metal nanoparticles.


The effect of back-end of line (BEOL) process on cell performance and reliability of Phase-Change Memory embedded in a 28nm FD-SOI platform (ePCM) is discussed. The microscopic evolution of the Ge-rich GST alloy during process is the focus of the first part of the paper. A new metric for quantification of active material modifications is introduced to better follow its evolution with process sequence. Ge clustering has been shown to occur during the fabrication, impacting the pristine resistance and the after forming cell performance. Two different BEOL processes are then benchmarked in terms of key performance. An optimized process is identified, and an extensive electrical characterization of array performance and reliability is done on the full 16MB chip. The optimized BEOL process results in a memory cell fully compatible with the requirements for demanding automotive applications.


Retinoic acid (RA) signaling regulates a variety of developmental processes through controlling the expression of numerous genes. Here, we have identified and characterized RA‐responsive genes in mouse kidney development. Analysis of isolated embryonic kidneys cultured in the presence and absence of RA identified 33 candidates of RA‐responsive genes. Most of these candidate genes were down‐regulated by treatment with the RA receptor antagonist. Many of them have potential binding sites for Elf5, one of the RA‐responsive genes, in their promoter region. Whole‐mount in situ hybridization showed that specific expression of Elf5 in the ureteric trunk depends on RA. RA‐dependent expression in the ureteric trunk was also showed for the sodium channel subunit Scnn1b, which has been shown to be the marker gene of the collecting duct. In contrast, the expression of Ecm1, Tnfsf13b and IL‐33 was detected in the stromal mesenchymal cells. Both Tnfsf13b and IL‐33 were previously shown to cause nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) activation. We have showed that the inhibition of NF‐κB signaling with specific inhibitors suppresses branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud. Our study thus identifies and characterizes RA‐dependent up‐regulated genes in kidney development, and suggests an involvement of NF‐κB signaling in the branching morphogenesis.


The electrical characteristics of a 150 km 500 kV transmission line during single-pole switching is simulated on a hybrid computer. A time dependent arc simulation aids in the study of the voltage occurring across the arc and the recovery voltage during single-pole switching. The accuracy of the simulation is verified by comparison with field tests. The simulation is also used to investigate the transient recovery voltage following a bolted, sudden release fault. This investigation reveals that the transient recovery voltage is markedly larger than the steady-state value and that, for a normal three cycle clearing, it is a function of the time that the fault occurs. The simulation of the transmission system established in this paper may be used to advantage in determining the dead time necessary to insure extinction of the secondary arc current. Moreover, the results set forth should serve as guides for engineers designing systems for single-pole switching.


For the accurate analysis of salient-pole synchronous machines using the two-axis frame models, the direct-axis (d-axis) and quadrature-axis (q-axis) saturation characteristics are needed. Usually the d-axis saturation characteristics can be obtained easily by the conventional open-circuit test with the machines excited from their field winding. On the other hand, the q-axis saturation characteristics of synchronous machines cannot be measured applying simple, conventional methods, and, thus, they are usually not available. In this paper, four different methods for calculating the q-axis saturation characteristics of salient-pole synchronous machines from the measured d-axis saturation characteristics are explored. In these methods, the q-axis saturation characteristics can be calculated from the readily available test data, namely the d-axis saturation characteristics, and the d-axis and q-axis unsaturated magnetizing reactances. A comparison between these methods is made.


Grassland agro-system is able to meet the needs of a modern food structure and achieves sustainable development of ecology and production.It contains four production levels,that is,pre-plant production level,plant production level,animal production level and ultra-biotic production level.It has such characteristics as complexity,hierarchy,relativity and openness.In addition,grassland agro-system has various technical measures.The three major technical measures are planter structure optimization technology,artificial lawn construction technology and natural prairie utilization technology.


[Objective] The aim was to provide a theoretical reference basis for breeding of pear bean type peanut in Henan Province. [Method] Agronomic characters and productivity of 18 pear bean type peanut cultivars of Henan Province were analyzed by correlation and path coefficient analysis. [Result] The correlation analysis results showed that the 100-pod and 100-seed weight were positive significant correlation with the productivity per plant; the productivity per plant had a positive correlation with six characteristics,including main stem height,lateral branch length,the number of total branches,the number of fruiting branches,the pod number per plant and full-pod rate,while a negative correlation with shelling percentage. The analysis results of path coefficient showed that the direct contribution rate of different traits to the productivity per plant was in order: the main stem height 100 pods weight pod number per plant 100 seeds weight the full-pod rate the number of total branches the number of fruiting branches shelling percentage lateral branch length. [Conclusion] When breeding the pear bean type peanut cultivars,the peanut cultivar should be selected that have more pod number per plant,appropriate 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight,main stem height and lateral branch length,coordinated the number of total branches,the number of fruiting branches and the full-pod rate.


The marine environment is subjected to increasing anthropogenic pressure. Although there is a willingness of the different activities to minimize their impacts, there is a strong need for the assessment of the ecological value of the seabed, comprising both the abiotic substrate and the living organisms related to it (together called a 'habitat'). Therefore, 'habitat mapping' is crucial, not only for the assessment of the ecological value at a certain moment, but also to follow its evolution over time. Because of the world-wide application of marine habitat mapping, there is currently a great variety in approaches, methodologies to use, as also in the ways habitats are classified. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that attempts are being made to propose more 'common approaches' in marine habitat mapping. The general aim of this study is to apply and develop straightforward and statistically sound methodologies for highly reliable sedimentological and habitat modelling, in support of a more sustainable management of our seas. To achieve these aims, this thesis is subdivided into 2 themes: 1) Best coverage data for habitat mapping; and 2) Integration of datasets in the view of habitat mapping.


We propose a novel experimental method for probing light dark matter candidates. We show that an electro-optical material's refractive index is modified in the presence of a coherently oscillating dark matter background. A high-precision resonant Michelson interferometer can be used to read out this signal. The proposed detection scheme allows for the exploration of an uncharted parameter space of dark matter candidates over a wide range of masses -- including masses exceeding a few tens of microelectronvolts, which is a challenging parameter space for microwave cavity haloscopes.


Coronary heart disease (CHD) is preventable, but the methods for assessing risk and monitoring response rely on imprecise lipid-based assessments. Recently, we have shown that an integrated genetic–epigenetic test that includes three methylation-sensitive digital PCR assays predicts 3-year risk for incident CHD better than lipid-based methods. However, whether methylation sites change in response to therapies that alter CHD risk is not known. Therefore, we assessed methylation at these three incident CHD-related sites in DNA from 39 subjects before and after three months of biochemically verified smoking cessation, then analyzed the relationship between change in methylation at each of the sites to the change in smoking intensity as assessed by cg05575921 methylation. We found that, in those who quit smoking, methylation change at one CHD risk marker (cg00300879) was significantly associated with change in cg05575921 methylation (p < 0.04). We conclude that changes in incident CHD-related methylation occur within three months of cessation of smoking, a major risk factor for CHD. This suggests that the effectiveness of treatment of other CHD risk factors, such as high cholesterol, may be similarly quantifiable using epigenetic approaches. Further studies to determine the relationship of changes of methylation status in response to treatment of other CHD risk factors are indicated.


In their manuscript, Wang et al describe phenotypic changes induced in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells treated with staurosporine. Using in vitro assays, the authors address changes in cell adhesion, migration and invasion, as well as expression levels of molecules known to be involved in these processes. Others have previously reported effects of staurosporine on this particular cell line and staurosporine analogues have been used in clinical studies of lung cancer patients. However, the authors suggest that their results are promising in the design of novel strategies that would affect the development of lung carcinoma. Since similar studies have been published previously, perhaps the authors could elaborate more on how their studies differ from these earlier reports, and how their results could be used to develop novel strategies that would affect lung carcinoma development.


In order to evaluate the mental health state and traits of the 2006 freshmen of a certain teachers college,we used the Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90) in the research.The results were: About 6.17% freshmen suffered mental health problems with the symptoms of being obsessive,interpersonally sensitive and stubbornly biased.The average level of mental health for female students were lower than male students;the average level of mental health for those of the only child in the family were higher than those of not the only child in the family;the average level of mental health of the freshmen from the countryside were lower than those from cities,from which we can conclude: the overall level of mental health of freshmen is good but there are some differences in different students groups.


Abstract This article summarizes possible mechanisms of turbulence generation at the premixed flume front elucidated through recent studies. The aspects of flame front turbulence generated under various conditions are presented and the issues on current understanding of the mechanisms of turbulence generation are pointed out. Some mechanisms assumed to cause the flame induced turbulence are shown to be not effective for increasing the turbulence intensity at the flame front. Also, the scale of turbulence appearing on the flame front is discussed. Consideration of the lifetimes of vortices and of the process of flame front deformation is shown to be important for understanding the structure of turbulent premixed flames. The lifetimes of vortices smaller than the scale of the flame front disturbance caused by its instability are too short for these structures to be effective in enhancing the flame front turbulence. Thus, the minimum scale of the turbulence observable at the flame front would be comparable to that of the disturbance caused by flame front instability, and distributed reaction zones hardly appear even in high-intensity turbulent flames.


A research partnership between the California Water Service Co. and San Jose State University has developed critical projects to help address gaps in the knowledge base within the drinking water industry and research communities.


Abstract Genetic diversity among four wild mango species and 29 genotypes/cultivars of polyembryonic and monoembryonic mangoes of the Andaman Islands were analysed using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 335 ISSR markers were scored, of which 213 markers were polymorphic. These markers were used to estimate the genetic similarity among accessions using a Dice similarity coefficient. Similarity values ranged between 2–70% with an average of 34%. A similarity matrix was used to construct a dendrogram and principle coordinator plot to show genetic relationships among accessions. The sampled genotypes/accessions were divided into three prominent groups of 4, 16 and 13, differentiating the polyembryonic genotypes from monoembryonic genotypes and wild mango species. The study provides further information on the evolution and diversity of the mango accessions of the island ecosystem. The analysis also separates the differentially flowering polyembryonic genotypes from the early flowering monoembryonic types for their exploitation in genetic improvement programmes or selection in the regions of tropical island ecosystems where the attribute of early flowering can be effectively utilised.


This paper presents a 48 GHz high resolution LO-path phase shifter implemented in 40-nm low-power CMOS technology. The full 360° phase shift tuning is implemented by a switched capacitor loaded tunable transmission line for fine tuning, in combination with a selection of one out of the N×45° phase steps available from the frequency divider-by-4 for coarse tuning. The measured phase shift resolution is 5.4° between 44 GHz and 54 GHz, which offers about 6-bit resolution. The chip area of the core circuitry is 550μm×260μm, and the total current consumption is 14.1 mA from a 1.2 V supply voltage.


Computer simulation is a useful tool for the design and synthesis of new process flowsheets and/or the analysis of existing processes which can lead to improvements in conditions of operation and savings in energy. Relationships between physico-chemical properties and separation process principles have been employed to identify a set of the most feasible separation techniques for a given separation task. A screening procedure is employed to generate the alternatives that are most likely to be efficient in terms of energy utilization and environmental impact. For separation processes requiring the use of a mass separating agent (solvent), the choice of the solvent is critical in terms of separation as well as in utilization of energy and environmental impact. Use of the appropriate solvent is highlighted through a case study which involves the recovery of cyclohexane. Aspects of design and synthesis are highlighted with respect to separation feasibility, energy utilization and environmental impact. The results from the case study show that savings in energy between 13% and 32% can be achieved while increasing the recovery by 7 % for a cyclohexane product of 99.9% (mole) purity.


In vitro diagnostic for the quantitative determination of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) in human serum as well as IgG in human liquor by means of immunoturbidimetry with the TurbiTimeSystem. Immunoglobulins are formed by plasma cells as a humoral immune response when the immune system comes into contact with antigens. At first contact, antibodies of the IgM class appear first as a primary reaction, followed by the formation of IgG and IgA antibodies. The quantitative determination of immu-noglobulins can provide important information on humoral immune status 1. Depressed immunoglobu-lin concentrations in the serum occur in both primary and secondary immune deficiencies, e.g. with advanced malignant tumors, lymphatic leukemia, multiple myeloma and Waldentröm's macroglobuli-nemia. Elevated immunoglobulin concentrations in the serum result from polyclonal or oligoclonal Ig production in disorders such as liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis), acute and chronic infections, auto-immune diseases and in the umbilical cord blood of newborns in intrauterine and perinatal infections. Monoclonal immunoglobulin production in the serum occurs in disorders such as plasmacytomas, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and heavy chain diseases 2. In the case of monoclonal immunoglo-bulinemia, thorough differential diagnostic examinations are necessary in addition to the quantitative determination. Elevated immunoglobulin levels, especially of IgG, also occur in local immune reactions within the central nervous system 3,4. The proteins contained in human bodily fluids form immune complexes in an immunochemical reaction with specific antibodies. The increasing light absorption of the reaction mixture is then tracked photo-metrically. The maximum reaction velocity V max (peak-rate method) and the time (t Vmax) required to reach V max is dependent on the concentration of the analyte in the sample 5. The evaluation is performed by comparing the measured reaction parameters with the values obtained for a reference preparation. The reference curve is dependent on the lot, and is included with each pack of reagent in the form of a barcode. This also allows an automatic temperature compensation. 1 vial each with 20 mL Composition and Standardization Turbiquant ® reagents are fluid animal antisera containing hydrophilic polymers in a Tricine-buffered saline solution as a reaction accelerator. The antisera are manufactured by immunizing rabbits with highly purified human immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA or IgM). The protein content of the respective reagent is printed on the vial label. The standardization of Turbiquant ® IgG, Turbiquant ® IgA or Turbiquant ® IgM is performed in relation to an internal reference preparation of Dade Behring Marburg GmbH with reference …


A model of lactation, parameterized for primiparous New Zealand cows grazing pasture was used to understand and quantify how milking frequency interacts with nutrition. In a simulation, cows were given one of two intakes over a lactation of 270 days: a low allowance (LA) reflecting actual pasture intake patterns, and a higher (on average 20%) allowance (HA) designed to counter deficit periods. Milking frequencies were varied from 1 to 4 times per day. Once daily milking (1DM) compared with twice daily (2DM) resulted in a production losses of 29% on LA and 32% on HA. 3 and 4 milkings per day (3DM and 4DM) increased production compared with twice daily milking by 9% and 12% respectively on LA, and 11% and 17% on HA. At the end of the lactation, 1DM resulted in 44% less mammary tissue than with 2DM, while 3DM and 4DM respectively gave mammary tissue increases of 22% and 40% over 2DM. Increasing the solids' content of milk by 20% reduced the loss associated with 1DM by 4%. Increasing cistern capacity by 20% only reduced this loss by 1%. Temporary 1DM for the first 3 weeks of lactation resulted in a production loss of 19%, compared with 2DM, on HA. With LA, this effect was only 9%. After 3 weeks, there was a long term loss in mammary tissue of 4%, and a loss in production of the same amount for either allowance. A 20% increase in cistern capacity of the udder reduced production loss in the first three weeks by 3% for HA. The model shows that mammary gland size over time is modulated by milking frequency, and determined the production potential of the udder, but actual production is strongly influenced by nutrition affecting secretion rates of alveoli. The response to milking frequency varied considerably with nutrition. A significant portion of the loss associated with 1DM is due to udder fill effects inhibiting secretion as opposed to loss of mammary tissue. The model reflects the underlying biology and its behavior is in good agreement with experiment. It demonstrates that higher milking frequencies need to be coupled with higher nutrition to obtain the potential benefits, and thus would be a useful teaching or research tool.


This paper presents a framework for experimentation about design as a social activity. It accounts for the complementarity of generative and evaluative processes by individuals and groups and is used to inspect phenomena associated with creativity in the interaction between designers and their societies. The results illustrate ways in which the role of designers as change agents of their societies can be largely determined by how evaluating groups self-organise over time. An implication is that the isolated characteristics of designers may be insufficient to formulate conclusions about the nature and effects of their behaviour. Instead, causality could be attributed to situational factors that define the relationship between designers and their evaluators.


Whereas early location work established the role of economic factors in entrepreneurs' location choices, recent studies suggest personal reasons as another factor. However, because the places where entrepreneurs want to live are often the places where they will likely do well, it is difficult to empirically separate the two mechanisms. We focus on entrepreneurs founding firms abroad, allowing us to more effectively isolate the effect of personal location attractiveness. We leverage entrepreneurs' decisions to relocate and manage their firms personally or to remain in a home country and hire a manager. We find that entrepreneurs who view a host country as an attractive location are more likely to relocate and manage their firms personally. However, such entrepreneur-managers have lower firm performance. These results are consistent with the idea that entrepreneurs are more likely to reside in personally attractive places and are willing to substitute benefits of living there for some firm profit. This pape...


Background: Oral-mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (omSCC) is a substantially more aggressive disease that affects the oral mucosa, tongue, floor of mouth, and oropharynx, where it is estimated that between 18.6% and 44% of patients present with nodal disease depending on the subsite. As the lip is a site of anatomical overlap, primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lip (lip SCC) exhibits higher rates of nodal spread, mortality, and poor clinical outcome compared with cutaneous SCC. For patients with locally advanced OSCC, rapid advancements regarding the choice of induction chemotherapy regimen have been made. There is substantial evidence related to the advantage and superiority of three-drug combination of Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and Fluorouracil (TPF) over the doublet regime of Cisplatin and Fluorouracil (PF) used previously as induction chemotherapy (ICT). Case presentation: A 54 years Moroccan women old, who has been accusing, for more than a year, of a neglected painful tumefaction of the lower lip. The clinical examination finds a budding and ulcerous tumefaction of the lower lip and a biopsy of his lip lesion was scheduled. Histopathology report poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Assessment of extension showed bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and no distant locations. After a multidisciplinary discussion, the decision was to propose a conservative treatment, namely concurrent radio chemotherapy after induction chemotherapy made of the TPF protocol. The evaluation after 03 cycles of the protocol shows an almost complete disappearance of the apparent tumor with a good tolerance profile. Conclusion: Many analysis demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in locoregional recurrence amongst patients who received Induction chemotherpay despite that she has never provided an improvement to OS for OSCC patients. In the present case, chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin and fluorouracil regimens is considered as an effective induction therapy ...


The mass transport of Cu during electromigration (EM) testing is typically dominated by interface diffusion. If a mechanism other than interface diffusion begins to affect the overall transport process, then the effective diffusivity, D, of the EM process would deviate from that of interface diffusion only. This would have fundamental implications. We have preliminary evidence that this might be the case, and we report its implications for EM lifetime assessment in this manuscript.


The article examines three hypotheses about the importance of the family and the value of self-determination in East and West Germany. Due to the different constitutions of the two German States, it can be expected that the importance of the family will be greater in East Germany while the value of self-determination will be more important in West Germany. Moreover, as the importance of the family is strongly negatively correlated with the value of self-determination in the West but only moderately negatively in the East, the weaker endorsement of this value may explain the greater importance of the family in the East. Finally, these differences in attitudes can be expected to be decreasing in the wake of the re-unification of Germany and the common constitution for both parts of the country. These hypotheses are tested using data from the ALLBUS 1991, 1992, and 1996, a representative survey of both parts of the country. The results show that, as expected, the importance of the family is greater in East Germany and the value of self-determination, measured by the index of post-materialism, is stronger in West Germany. Contrary to what was expected, however, the East German surplus in the importance of the family can not be shown to be decreasing. The greater importance of the family in the East can only in part be explained by the lower scores on post-materialism. Differences in family status and in the level of mobilization are even less suited to serve as an explanation, since particularly the higher employment rate and the weaker commitment to the church in the East constitute suppressor variables, not explanatory variables: without them, the East would even more clearly outscore the West regarding the importance of the family. A possible explanation of the persistence of this difference might be found in the fact that the family in East Germany still serves as a protective shield - however, no longer against the infringements of dicatorship but against the inse


Keywords: ecocriticism, bad humans activities, marine life, Sammy's Adventure: the Secret Passage movie. The balance of marine life is often damaged by irresponsible humans who do not care about their environment. This problem has inspired some works to criticize humans' reckless behavior toward environment, especially ocean. Sammy's Adventure: the Secret Passage is one of the examples that have been created to criticize the bad human activities in the ocean.  This research applies ecocriticism as an approach that is used to find the effect of bad humans activities on marine life described in Sammy's Adventure: the Secret Passage. The research also applies mise en scene to support the analysis in this movie. In this case, ecocriticism is connected with marine life because ocean is an important part of environment that can be evaluated by using ecocriticism. The result of the study reveals that many problems in marine life are caused by humans. In Sammy's Adventure: the Secret Passage, Sammy, a turtle, as the main character faces and sees several events which show humans negative activities giving harm for the ocean's animals and plants. There are three points of bad humans activities on marine life found in this movie, they are marine pollution activity, destructive fishing activity and animal exploitation activity. The effects are not only making the ocean look dirty but also making the aquatic plants unhealthy, preventing them to grow normally or die. Furthermore, the clear effect is felt directly by marine animals. It influences their survival and makes them stressed or often dies. The death of many animals and aquatic plants can decrease the number of population and bring them to the scarcity. It is suggested for researchers to do further research in analyzing problems of marine life in different movie by using same approach.


A weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate is initially situated in the first of a series of wells. Numerical calculations show that, by adding especially designed time-dependent potential modulations, the condensate can be transported through the wells in a controlled way.


centage of volunteers. Neither [this hypothesis nor the one that schizophrenia is an autoimmune diseaseJ has yet been substantiated, nor the evidence on which they are based extensively evaluated and confirmed in other laboratories" (ch. xiii). The chapter on catecholamines and schizophrenia (Bourdillon and Ridges) concentrates on such murky topics as the pink spot and dimethoxyphenethylamine (DIMPEA); adrenochrome and nicotinic acid therapy; melanin and attempts to treat schizophrenia by de-coppering patients with penicillamine a series of tales that now belong in the folklore of psychiatry and which detract from real problems of research. From the didactic point of view about three quarters of the material in the book is readily adaptable for teaching purposes that is, for presentation of facts and hypotheses of some current psychiatric investigations. There is a minor misfortune in that many of the manuscripts were apparently incubated for several years and some have required addenda to bring them up to date. Nevertheless, the volume is valuable in bringing together in one place statements by author-investigators of work and theory in their own bailiwicks; and the critical reader will have a fixed point from which to measure progress in the coming years.


A SHAKE-UP of the work of primary healthcare teams lias been outlined by the government this week, with plans for practice nurses to be given extended roles.


Aim. To develop a set of information methods to improve the quality of neural network diagnosis of diseases of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone. Methods. The study involved 385 patients with peptic ulcer, cholecystitis and pancreatitis undergoing in-patient treatment in medical organizations of the city of Kursk. For data mining internally developed software «System of Intellectual Analysis and Diagnosis of Diseases» was used which is an environment for the creation, adjustment, training and practical clinical application of an artificial neural network, such as a multilayer perceptron with an activation function - hyperbolic tangent. Results. Hyperbolic tangent (activation function) of the output layer's neuron takes the value OUT ∈ ℝ ∧ OUT ∈ (-1; 1) which requires an interpretation. For logic network gates, for example, presence/absence of a disease, it can be performed by comparison with an arbitrarily assigned threshold yB ∈ (0; 1). In this approach, the values are interpreted as false (if y ≤-yB), undefined if y ∈ (-yB; yB), or true (if y ≥yB). Network operation control includes calculation of sensitivity, specificity, false positive and false negative results, for which the comparison of arrays of pairs of calculated and empirical values is carried out. In case of artificial neural network use for diagnosing diseases of hepatopancreatoduodenal zone, the optimal mode was achieved assigning yB≈0.3 as a threshold of the output neuron activation function. Conclusion. Assessing the quality of the ability of artificial neural network with logic outputs to diagnose hepatopancreatoduodenal zone diseases, as well as its controlled setting, is most effective by evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, frequency of false positive and false negative results at the threshold value yB≈0.3; the demonstrated sensitivity (83-94.7%) and specificity (83-97.8%) levels are comparable to the traditionally used diagnostic methods.


interfaces. Whenyou design an intwface, who doyou envision to be the average user? Haw old? How smart? Haw dexterous? Alan €! Newell, director of the Microcentre and deputy principalof the Univmity of Lhndee in Scotland, challenges us to look beyond the average. The MicvoCentreefomes on user-intwface research, particular& as it applies to users with special needs. In the absentations thatfollow, which are abstractedfim hir ktynote address at InterCHI '93, Newell exhorts us to sat^ the needs of the exmardinay usq and in doingso, we my jnd innovation for meyone. -Bill Curtir INTERFACE RESEARCHERS HAVE DEscribed an amazing variety of hardware and software, and few have ever reached consensus on what constitutes the average or typical computer system. However, they are more than willing to identify the typical user - usually as a genderless, ageless, English-speaking-only person, generally perfect in every respect although in fact humans offer in6nitely more variety than the ma


New optical observations of the central star of the planetary nebula IRAS 18333-2357 in the globular cluster M22 show lines of H I, He II, C IV, N IV, and N V. The spectrum closely resembles the sdO star KS 292, which has surface abundances enhanced by products of hydrogen shell burning and helium burning, and an effective temperature of 75,000 K. The lines of C in IRAS 18333-2357 seem somewhat stronger than in KS 292, and the lines of N are considerably stronger. The presence of substantial hydrogen is surprising in view of the hydrogen-poor nature of the nebular ejecta. If IRAS 18333-2357 is as hot as its analog, its luminosity is about 14,000 lunar luminosity. This value is higher than that theoretically expected for single-star evolution of M22 cluster stars.


Public spending on consultancy services in Sweden is today substantial and frequent. Even though such procurements are of great strategic importance for client organizations, including government agencies, there is limited research concerning strategies for clients. Therefore empirical studies are needed to shed light on the client perspective, and how the client designs its use of consultants. Against this background a qualitative research method has been conducted to gain insight of the underlying motives for using consultants, and how clients can create value by attaining a strategic exposure with consulting.In total 7 in-depth interviews, with an explorative design, were conducted across four government agencies with directors. The empirical study has identified a number of motives, which can be interpreted from the construction of the consultant as an expert, resource or product. The construction of the consultant as an expert refers to an asymmetric relation of knowledge in favour of the consultant. The motives that have been identified within the expert dimension are: access to expertise not profitable developing internally, access to experts that are difficult to recruit, access to industry specific knowledge, new insights and use of the consultant's impartiality. In other circumstances there is a symmetric relationship whereby the consultant is instead viewed as a resource. The motives for such usage have been identified as numerical flexibility and rapid reinforcement. Finally the purchases are sometimes motivated based on the models and concepts that the consultants sell which underline the product dimension of the consultancy services.The participating authorities have different views on whether consultants should, or can, be used in the core business. The study indicates that this is due to organizational differences, as well as the possibility of constructing a mix of consultants and permanent employees, working together in various projects.In order to deal with consultants strategically the thesis emphasize three strategic processes; legitimation, selection and control. Based on these processes it is proposed, among other things, that formal guidelines and policies are developed, that measures are taken to ensure knowledge transfer, that resources are allocated to carry out continuous market analyzes, and that framework contracts are used when possible. However, it has emerged that the procurement rules and funding structure that characterize the public sector entails a limited strategic adaptability, which may have a negative impact regarding the outcome of the use of consultants. Paradoxically the high level of bureaucracy forces the agencies to act somewhat strategically when dealing with consultants considering the rational, rule-governed, procurement process.


We study torsional rigidity for graph and quantum graph analogs of well-known pairs of isospectral non-isometric planar domains. We prove that such isospectral pairs are distinguished by torsional rigidity.


A pharmaceutical composition containing N-acetyl-cysteine and trihydroxymethyl-aminomethane in molar ratio comprised between 1:0.8 and 1:1.2 allows to obtain, by oral administration, increase of unmodified N-acetyl-cysteine amount in the blood flow, in comparison with the levels obtainable by oral administration of compositions containing N-acetyl-cysteine as such or as salt.


The foundation of basic table tennis skills and basic skills are the summarization of the main work of children teaching.Although there are differences between them,no one is more important than the other.The standardization and rationalization of youth technical movements are the requirements of form and nature.Standardization is the basis while rationalization is the extended part. Standardization will help the development of rationalization.They have great impacts on the future development of athletes.At present,in reality,many coaches are conceptually vague and anxious for the results of the athletes training period,which cause players to extend the cultivation cycle,more investment,and tremendous waste of talents.Therefore,the research has important practical and theoretical significance.


This paper analyzed Shanxi Regional Technological Innovation System detailedly including: the central state science and technology is tremendous but the district science and technology is weak;the capability of research and development RD is strong but the industrialization and marketing are weak;the RD capability of the state-owned enterprises is superior to that of the private-owned ones. Consequently it leads to the irrational allocation of science and technology resource in Shanxi inefficient technology innovation the inbalance between science and technology and economic development. The paper implied that the way to deal with existing problems is to devote major efforts to develop local science and technology to reform the property rights line-up of enterprises and to readjust the industrial set-up on a large scale in order to make local science and technology in connection with the state science and technology and promote the combination between industry and university and scientific institute.


chapter 1 Introduction chapter 2 Elementary Value Theory chapter 3 The Division of Values and their Typology chapter 4 The Relative Weight of Values and Conflicts between them chapter 5 Objectivism and Subjectivism chapter 6 Epilogue chapter 7 Glossary chapter 8 Notes chapter 9 Bibliography chapter 10 Index of Names chapter 11 Index of Subjects


Farmers in the border areas often face challenges due to a lack of facilities and sufficient infrastructure. As a nation that shares borders with several countries, the Indonesian government aims to facilitate economic growth in these areas. One viable approach to achieve this objective is through the effective allocation of village funds. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors influencing the empowerment of farmers in the Indonesia-Timor Leste border using village funds. Data were collected using a survey method from 325 household heads, who served as respondents. The collected data were analyzed using the Structure Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results showed that human, social and physical capital owned by farmers on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border had an indirect effect on the strength of empowerment programs funded through village funds. This indicated that apart from implementing policies, the community must also be involved in the planning and implementation of various programs. Furthermore, the central or regional government must play an active role during the designing stages as well as involve farmers and experts in the empowerment process in the Indonesia-Timor Leste border areas.


Although ML detector is optimal in the sense of minimization of bit error rate, it is not practical for its complexity. Three ML detection algorithms are presented in this paper which are the SemiDefinite Programming algorithm (SDP), the Branch and Bound algorithm (BB) and the Stack algorithm. We compare the performance and the complexity of these algorithms, and propose the improved BB and Stack algorithms. Simulations show that the BB algorithm and Stack algorithms outperform the SDP algorithm and the BB algorithm has a lower complexity compared to the Stack algorithm. It also proves that the improved algorithms accelerate the rate of convergence to ML solution and decrease the complexity and the required storage of algorithm.


Abstract. The PAMELA experiment has been collecting data since 2006; its results indicate a rise in the positron fraction with respect to the sum of electrons and positrons in the cosmic-ray (CR) spectrum above 10 GeV. This excess can be due to additional sources, as SNRs or pulsars, which can lead to an anisotropy in the local CR positron, detectable from current experiments. We report on the analysis on spatial distributions of positron events collected by PAMELA, taking into account also the geomagnetic field effects. No significant deviation from the isotropy has been observed.


We demonstrate an all-optical neuromorphic implementation of photonic axons and synapses in laser-written gallium lanthanum sulfide waveguides. Neuronal communication protocols such as excitatory/ inhibitory responses and signal summations are exhibited in our chip.


ABSTRACT A rich and interesting material collected from Turkey and the neighbouring countries including the Middle East has been evaluated. The material consists of the historical and unidentified specimens mainly in the Naturhistorisches Musem Wien, the Natural History Museum London and the specimens recently collected and preserved in the Abant Izzet Baysal Üniversitesi Entomoloji Müzesi. Eight genera and 106 species and subspecies are listed The Isophya species are included into 7, the Poecilimon species are included into 16 species groups. The relationships of the species and the species groups are proposed as phylogenetic trees in writing format. Three distinct clades of the species groups of Poecilimon are separated and discussed their taxonomic positions. The genus Poecilimonella Uvarov, 1921 is included to the genus Poecilimon Fischer, 1853 and the species Poecilimon richteri Ramme, 1933 is synonymized with Poecilimon similis Retowski, 1899. Twelve new species and subspecies, Isophya hitit, I. sureyai amazonae, I. artvin, Poecilimon inopinatus, P. ferwillemsei, P. solus, P. obtusicercus kasnak, P. iucundus aequocercus, P. longicercus, P. similis proximus, P. diversus, P. Istanbul, are described. The females of 3 taxa, Poecilimon obtusicercus obtusicercus Heller et al., Poecilimon xenocercus Karabag and Poecilimon concinnus Brunner are described for the first time. Poecilimon concinnus Brunner, 1878 has been rediscovered since its description. The following 12 taxa are proposed in subspecies level: Isophya sureyai sureyai Ramme, I. stenocauda stenocauda Ramme, I. stenocauda obenbergeri Maran, I. anatolica anatolica Ramme, I. anatolica pentheri Ramme; Poecilimon obtusicercus obtusicercus Heller et al., P. adentatus adentatus Ramme, P. adentatus uvarovi Ramme, P. celebi celebi Karabag, P. celebi azdavayi Ünal, P. celebi tevfikarabagi Ünal and P. iucundus iucundus Ünal. The lectotypes for 8 species, Isophya amplipennis Brunner, I. savignyi Brunner, I. major Brunner, I. rectipennis Brunner, Poecilimon pergamicus Brunner, P. hamatus Brunner, P. unispinosus Brunner, P. zonatus I. Bolivar, are designated. Poecilimon cognatus (Fieber, 1853) is proposed as nomen novum. The determined congeneric partners of the species and subspecies are given. Five speciation stages which determine the taxonomic position for the taxa of Isophya and Poecilimon are designated. In addition 147 figures and a distributional map for the new taxa are provided.


Background: Orostachys japonicus has traditionally been used for antifever, anti-inflammation, and anticancer. O. japonicus has not yet been studied for cosmetic effects. Objectives: In this study, O. japonicus extracts were investigated to verify the possibility of them as anti-aging cosmetic agents. Materials and Methods: O. japonicus were used to prepare experimental extracts using 90% methanol (MeOH) or ethanol (EtOH) as solvent. Safety and efficacy tests applied in this work are as follows: Folin-Denis' method for total phenolic contents, liquid chromatography for component analysis, 3-[4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl]-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl) -2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay for cytotoxicity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay for antioxidant activity, biochemical inhibition assays of elastase activity, collagenase activity, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-3 mRNA expression), and MMP-1 protein production for anti-wrinkle activity, and tyrosinase activity inhibition assay for whitening activity. Results: This research revealed that O. japonicus extracts contained various flavonoids, showed no adverse cytotoxicity up to 300 or 500 μg/mL in HS68 and B16F10, exhibited significant antioxidant activity, exerted remarkable anti-wrinkle activity, and represented useful whitening activity. Conclusion: This study suggested that O. japonicus extracts could be utilized to develop anti-aging cosmetic agents exerting useful whitening activity as well as excellent antioxidant and anti-wrinkle activities.


The paper analyzes the variations on quantity,speed,spatial aspects and its economic and ecological effect of land utilization of typical samples in the rocky desertification land of Xichou in last 16 years(from 1990 to 2006),through the methods of typical sample survey,participatory rural assessment and GIS technique.The outcomes show that the structure of land utilization of the studied region has been changed greatly,mainly on interchanging among terraced fields,sloped land and uncovered gravel land.Along with the changes of land utilization of rocky desertification land,the proportion of sloped land and uncovered gravel land has been decreased,while the terraced fields has increased.The cover degree of agricultural vegetation and biological diversity has increased,while the soil and water loss has reduced.In the meantime,the grain yield,the net income per capita and the living standard of farmers has increased gradually and the effect of ecologic economy is getting better.


Purpose: We aim to develop a back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) improved by a priori knowledge and to compare its efficacy with other methods in early diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection. Methods: A total of 240 fundus images, composed of 120 early-stage DR and 120 normal images, were obtained with the same 45° field of view camera, with the macula at the center, as a cohort for further training. All retinal images were processed, and a priori knowledge features such as blood vessel width and tortuosity were semi-automatically extracted. An improved BP-ANN with a priori knowledge was developed, and its efficacy was compared with that of the traditional BP network and SVM. Besides, k-fold cross validation method was conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods. We also developed a graphical user interface of our proposed BP-ANN to aid in DR screening. Results: Our 10 randomization and 5-fold cross validation results of SVM, traditional BP, and improved BP were compared. The results indicated that the BP-ANN with a priori knowledge can achieve better detection results. Besides, our results were also comparable with other reported state-of-art algorithms. During the training stage, the epoch in the improved BP-ANN was less than that in the traditional BP group (109 vs 254), indicating that the time cost was shorter when using our improved BP-ANN. Furthermore, the accuracy and epoch of both the traditional BP and our improved BP network obtained better performances when the number of hidden neurons was 20. Conclusions: A priori knowledge-based BP-ANN could be a promising measure for early DR detection. CCS: Information system→Expert system


Power system states can be estimated using the weighted least absolute value (WLAV) estimation technique. The estimation procedure is carried out iteratively by solving an l/sub 1/-linear approximation problem at each iteration. While the approximation problem can be solved by the standard simplex method, the special structure of the system equations makes further improvements in the algorithm possible. Such a procedure is developed using an algorithm originally suggested by L. Barrodale and F.D.K. Roberts (1973). The adaptation of this algorithm to the solution of the power system states in a WLAV estimator is carried out, and the problem size is considerably reduced, exploiting the characteristics of the measurement equations. Implementation details of the developed program together with some numerical results of running it on realistic size power systems are presented.<<ETX>>


The distribution of mercury showed a conspicuous pattern showing low levels ranging up to 0.058 pg/l during
premonsoon and monsoon seasons and an increase of 100% during the postmonsoon season. The higher levels of mercury,
although observed stray during the southwest monsoon as well as postmonsoon period from Veraval coast and from the
Wadge Bank, stress the need for close monitoring.


Microfinance has become a very important economic empowerment tool for reducing poverty across the globe. The assumption is that by improving access to credit, poor households will be able to set up micro enterprises that will generate income that is aimed at reducing poverty both at household and community levels. Literature has shown that informal microfinance models have become very popular with the rural population mainly due to their accessibility, affordability and community involvement. The major objective of this study was therefore to examine the role played by two microfinance models; ISAL and ROSCAs in reducing poverty. The study used Wards 4 and 30 of Mutasa District, Manicaland Province as a case study. ISAL and ROSCA participants and other key informants provided rich pooled data that informed the study findings. The researcher's utilisation of the mixed methods approach provided strengths that offset the weaknesses of both qualitative and quantitative research. The study findings revealed that these two informal microfinance models have a significant positive impact on household poverty. Evidence of improved household income has been shown through increased access to health and education, quality food, accumulation of household and productive assets and livestock by participating households. The study has recommended a holistic and coordinated approach by policy makers and all relevant development practitioners that will create an enabling environment for informal microfinance to register more positive impact both at household and community levels.


Neutral network model has been developed for the computation of corrosion rate of carbon steel in LiBr solutions.The results indicate that the model is capable of reproducing the effects of changes in alkalinity,temperatures,LiBr and Na2MoO4 concentrations on the rates of general corrsion and good agreement between calculated and experimental corrosion rate is obtained.The model can be used to satisfactorily predict the corrosion rate of carbon steel in different concentrations of LiBr solutions containing different inhibitors at different temperatures.It also provides a novel method for corrosion monitoring of metals used in LiBr absorption chiller.


This current work had as main objective to study two links in the premium bovine meat supply chain, in Rio Grande do Sul. Firstly, the profile of premium bovine meat consumers was described, as well as its buying habits in Porto Alegre. Consumption preferences were traced in terms of main buying places, the responsible for buying, as well as buying frequency, the preferred premium beef cuts, and the characteristics that would define, in consumers' opinion, a premium bovine meat and an increment of the volume bought by them. The second link studied was a frigorific industry that produces premium bovine meat, aiming to discover the main bottlenecks faced, both in governmental as in market situations, and opportunities to its growth, as well as ways of minimizing the discovered bottlenecks. In matters of the bottlenecks, five were cited by the industry responsible: adding value to the whole animal carcass, hand labor, raw material, technology and marketing. It was concluded that increasing the investment in marketing, reducing directly this bottleneck, could boost other links in premium bovine meat chain, what would minimize other bottlenecks.


Drugs are rare cause of acute pancreatitis (AP) with an estimate incidence of 0.1-2%. We present an 63-year-man 1 week history of severe and progressive epigastric pain that radiates to the back and is worse on lying down, who was found to have lipase of more than 813 IU/L. The patient denied current alcohol use. Abdominal ultrasound and abdominal computed tomography scan did not show gallstones or biliary duct abnormalities. For his type-2 diabetes mellitus, he was taking Gliclazide and Metformin for years and Sitagliptin was the only drug added 6 months ago. He was managed conservatively with intravenous fluids, pain medications, and control of diabetes with insulin. Within 3 days, he improved dramatically and was discharged on diabetic diet and Gliclazide 120 mg daily with Lantos 10 units at night. He was instructed to avoid oral hypoglycemia agents from the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-4i) group. Three weeks later, repeat computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed normal pancreas. On follow up; and up to 1 year, he did not have subsequent AP. The most plausible mechanism of such late-development of rare drug-induced AP is late-encounter with triggering factor/s for Sitagliptin in genetically-predisposed individuals.


The remote monitoring and early warning system for subway construction is a Brower/Server (B/S) mode application system which is developed based on web page. The system is applied to tracking, monitoring, reporting, early warning and management in whole areas during subway construction, and the emergency or safety risk site can be warned and treated in advance. The system provides lots of facilities such as the spatial information of building, road, construction plant, the conformation of geology and pipelines, and provides available facilities of storage, display, query, statistics and analysis. The system can manage real-time monitoring and early warning, which has been successfully applied in subway construction in Beijing, Nanjing, Nanchang, etc.


The semi-formal language UML has become a standard notation for describing analysis and design models of complex software systems. But it's difficult to be verified formally. In order to solve this problem, a method to translate the UML models to the Event-B models has been proposed. The specific research is on the translation of the use case diagram and sequence diagram in UML. In the use case diagram, the users, the use cases and the relationship between them are taken into main consideration; In the sequence diagram, the objects of communication, the messages and the sending sequence of the messages are taken into main consideration. The translated models could be verificatied formally by the proof obligations in the platform of Rodin. Thus the purpose of formal verification for the semi-formal UML models has been achieved. Then the problem existing in the models could be found and the accuracy of the models could be guaranteed.


Perfundierbarer bioreactor for the production of human and animal tissue or tissue equivalents, the preparation of which is based on a cultured in the interior construct the inner space is enclosed by a shell and at least one inlet and an outlet for a liquid nutrient medium has, the inflow with a , unit for generating a perfusion pressure (perfusion) is connected to the nutrient medium characterized in that the sleeve or a part of the envelope of an electroactive polymer (4), on which a freely configurable electrode matrix (6) is applied.


Ageism retards recruitment of healthcare professionals to work with older adults. Negative attitudes toward older adults were found in surveying four colleges of nursing (N = 117). Curriculum enhancements at one of the colleges used successful aging as an organizing framework, developed faculty as aging specialists, and required coursework and clinical experiences with healthy and frail older adults. Factors relevant to successful aging of older adults were compared with results of a second survey two years later. Seniors' views reflected the successful aging paradigm and were generally congruent with older adults' views expressed in the literature.


Locke scholarship has enjoyed a tremendous revival since the publication of Peter Nidditch's critical edition of Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding. 1 This revival coincided with a re-assessment of the traditional division in early modem philosophy between rationalist and empiricist philoso~hers.Z Peter Schouls has played a significant role in both of these arenas, and his most recent book, Reasoned Freedom: John Locke and Enlightenment, continues this tradition. According to Schouls, Locke not only has a Cartesian conception of knowledge, but many other Cartesian doctrines are found in Locke's philosophy. Locke endorses the Cartesian method that requires that we throw out all beliefs and start de novo. Locke believes that we have a real, not just nominal, essence to be rational and free, and this essence is known by infallible reason. Human reason, which is universal and


The authors would to like to add a citation to a previously published article on a similar topic:

Domokos, Gabor, and Timothy J. Healey. "Multiple helical perversions of finite, intrinsically curved rods." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 15.03 (2005): 871–890.

This work relates to the present paper in the following way: the authors numerically study the response of a uniform rod of finite length with intrinsic curvature and identify equilibria characterized by an arbitrary number of perversions with intermittent helical segments.


A study of the formulations of alfalfa rhizobia seed dressing was conducted.Six groups of alfalfa seeds were mixed with three different treatment formulations.The result shows that there has been no obvious difference in germination rate between potted plants kept in or out of the experiment house.During the alfalfa plants branching period,their root nodule numbers per plant,weight of resh plant,photosynthesis rate,transpiration rate,and water use efficiency were measured.Comparing alfalfa plants grown from seed with or without rhizobia treatment,we found that the former produced more root nodules and attained higher fresh plant weight.The number of root nodules was raised 21.7%~232%,and the weight of fresh plants increased by 3.7%~25.4%,while the photosynthesis rate and the transpiration rate are lower than CK.The CFU ml~(-1) of seed treatment formulations was monitored.Among the three seed treatment formulations,S formulation was the fittest for preservation of live rhizobia.The preservation temperature of 20~30℃ was better than cold storage of 4℃.


Collection of wireless nodes forms together to communicate each other in the network without infrastructure less and any access point along with the characteristics of freedom in mobility is called Mobile Adhoc Network. Transmitting of packets from source to destination plays the vital role in MANET. When a Packet is not delivered properly at the destination , its affects the performance of the MANET.  Due to this characteristics of the mobility nodes can subject to falls on the packet missing also the various packets dropping security attacks take part in the dropping the packets while communication to achieve the decreasing the performance of the MANET. This article focus on the survey about the missing packet assembly as well the packet dropping security attacks in MANET.


The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the implementation of PR activities in Mateřske centrum Prostějov and to propose a plan of increasing their efficiency. There is the theoretical, practical and project section in the thesis. The theoretical section contains definitions of key concepts such as non-profit sector including its structure; public relations and their forms; specifics of public relations in the non-profit sector including the means of their implementation and the applied methods of marketing research. The practical section deals with introduction of the organization Mateřske centrum Prostějov, description of PR tools applied in the organization and evaluation of the realized marketing research. The project section of the diploma thesis is based on the data from the theoretical and the practical section and contains a draft plan for increasing of efficiency of PR activities in Mateřske centrum Prostějov.


Abstract : Expectation Maximization (EM) is a general purpose algorithm for solving maximum likelihood estimation problems in a wide variety of situations best described as incomplete data problems. The incompleteness of the data may arise due to missing data, truncated distributions, etc. One such case is a mixture model, where the class association of the data is unknown. In these models, the EM algorithm is used to estimate the parameters of parametric mixture distributions along with their probabilities of occurrence. In this thesis, the EM algorithm is employed to estimate different mixture models for raw single and multi-band electro-optical Infra Red (IR) data. The EM update equations for single and multi-band Gaussian and single-band Gamma and Beta mixture models are discussed. Gaussian mixture models are used for the raw image segmentation of single and multi-band imagery. Three different anomaly detection techniques based on EM-based image segmentation are discussed and evaluated. The Gamma and Beta mixture models are used to model the detection statistic of two different anomaly detectors. An adaptive CFAR (Constant False Alarm Rate) threshold selection based on the mixture model of the detection statistic has been implemented to determine potential target locations. These mixture models of detection statistics can also be used for multi-sensor or multi-algorithm fusion. The algorithms have been evaluated using single-band mid-wave IR airborne imagery for mine and mine field detection problems.


The Action Score Generator is print version of Nathan Walker's website of the same name that runs a JavaScript code. The code produces a text of six words in length for six seconds. Every six seconds the six word text is replaced by another six word text and so on and so, the six word texts disappear. The print version is a sixty-minute performance by a machine writing ten six second texts every minute using only six words at a time. They are ordered as they were produced and remain unedited.It also features an afterword by Dr. Mark Leahy.


In 2005, 27% of adults reported doctor‐diagnosed arthritis, and 14% reported chronic joint symptoms but no doctor‐diagnosed arthritis (i.e., possible arthritis). We evaluate the value of including persons classified as having possible arthritis in surveillance of arthritis.


The investigation named relation between the profile of emotional conscience of the parents end the school performance of the 5 years old children of age, developed in the educational lnstitution No 305-Monterrey located in the district of the New Cajamarca, luhose objective was to determine the existing relation between the above mention variables. In this respect, we apply a test to them to determine the school performance of the children, the same one that was consisting of 20 articles distributed equally in the four courses: Logical Mathematics, Integral Communication, Science and Environment Hnd Social Personnel. Likewise, the parents of the children solved a test divided in 5 parts that was consisting of 10 questions each one, and whose objective was to determine the prolife of emotional conscience in the aspects of self - consciousness, self control, motivation, empathy and social relations. Ask for the methodological part, the investigation followed a design correlational; therefore, the hypothesis of investigation also was correlational supposing that a direct relation exists betweien the school performance of the children and the profile of emotional conscience of their parents, fact that was corroborated by means of the test of hypothesis for a confidence level of 95% and using the coefficient of Pearson, s correlation and the test T Student. Referring the obtained results, we concluded that the family parents have a regular level of emotional conscience (17.98 points in average), the children are in learning process (13.32 points in average), the factors associated with the parents: self consciousness and motivc:1tion of themselves, they influence high degree the school performance of the children. As for the factors empathy of the parents, self- control of the parents and social relations of the parents decided that they influence significant form the school performance of the children.


However, in 2008, following a series of price increases, Ofgem expressed concern about competition and 'unfair price differentials'. It introduced the first in a series of regulatory interventions. In June 2016 the Competition Authority confirmed that there was a competition problem in the retail energy market, and quantified the customer detriment at £2 billion in 2015. It found that earlier interventions had actually reduced competition, and recommended different interventions including a price cap on prepayment meter tariffs. In June 2017 most political parties including the Conservative party fought the election on manifestos that proposed to introduce more extensive retail price controls. At the time of writing, Ofgem has just proposed to extend the price cap to other vulnerable customers, but there is pressure to go much further.


The effects of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) on porcine pepsin have been studied in vitro. CBS inhibited pepsin activity in a pH-dependent manner. CBS was not active at pH 4.0 but inhibited pepsi


Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a mental disorder that is rare or studied because it becomes disabling for the woman who presents it in various areas of her life. At present, psychotherapeutic treatment is an essential part along with the pharmacological one and can be carried out intermittently during the menstrual period.This article aims to report some factors suffered by women with PMDD within their work performance, which must generate emotional, physical, and social strategies so that each menstrual cycle can cope with the various consequences of this condition. The findings made it possible to identify complications in women in physical conditions such as extreme pain, tachycardia, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, decrease in blood pressure, decrease or loss of appetite, sleep disorders, lack of libido, and fatigue, among others. Moreover, on an emotional level, it can present irritability, crying, social withdrawal, guilt and worthlessness, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation or intention, stress, or Burnout Syndrome.


Cellulose microspheres were fabricated on the basis of sol-gel transition using NaOH/urea/H 2 O as the solvent system. These microspheres had an average diameter of about 30 μm. Upon modification with Fe 3 O 4 and poly (DOPAm- co -PFOEA), superhydrophobic magnetic cellulose microspheres were generated, which were analyzed by FTIR, TG, XRD, XPS and water contact angle tests. Magnetic cellulose microspheres contained approximately 15 wt% of Fe 3 O 4 . Poly(DOPAm- co -PFOEA)/Fe 3 O 4 /cellulose microspheres and had a low surface energy and a high water-repellency. These superhydrophobic microspheres were also converted into liquid marbles via an easily scalable process.


Here, we present a relative study of tunnel-induced photocarrier escape processes in a laterally coupled InAs sub-monolayer quantum dot-based photodetector (SML QD-PD) as a function of fractional coverage from 0.4 ML to 0.8 ML. Both by simulation and experiment, we have quantitatively described the temperature dependent interband photoresponse spectrally tuned in the near infrared region (835 nm–890 nm) on the basis of mutual competition between the interband carrier recombination and interdot tunneling lifetime with varying SML coverage. The progressively increasing recombination lifetime and decreasing interdot tunneling lifetime with increasing SML coverage has attributed to a faster photoresponse and greater responsivity. At higher coverage fraction, tunnel induced fast speed photocarrier transit through lateral array of SML QDs has been found to be capable of offering a faster temporal response (100 µs) with faithful reproducibility up to higher frequencies (1.3 KHz). Here, we report a powerful strategy to simultaneously tune responsivity, speed of time response and detectivity by externally controlling the SML coverage. This time response is measured to be nine times faster than a conventional SK QD photodetector. With increased coverage, inhibition of dark current due to trapping of injected charge carriers up to higher temperatures have resulted in high sustainable photodetectivity of 8  ×  1011 cm Hz1/2 w−1 at ~250 K that offers near room temperature photodetection.


The Beveridge curve helps with analyzing the labor market by capturing the inverse relationship between the unemployment rate and the job opening rate. While the data have moved slightly over the past two decades depending on economic conditions, the COVID-19 pandemic changed the existing pattern dramatically. At �rst, the curve shifted substantially outward. As the economy improved, the curve tilted steeply upward as the sharp increase in job openings outpaced the decline in the unemployment rate. The extent of these changes is historically unprecedented. This Economic Brief explains the concepts behind the Beveridge curve and discusses potential factors underlying these shifts. The Beveridge curve is a central concept in the macroeconomics of labor markets. Named after the British economist William Beveridge, it captures an inverse relationship between unemployment and vacancies (that is, open positions that businesses attempt to �ll). The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the Beveridge curve to shift in an unprecedented way. This Economic Brief explores how the curve has shifted and discusses why.


Anaplasmosis is one of the most common infectious diseases of bovines causing economic losses to farmers due to decreased milk yield, weight loss, abortions and eventually death of the animal. A three year old female buffalo from a farm at Hyderabad was presented with a history of high fever, weakness, decreased milk yield, anorexia, apathy, weight loss and tick infestation. Clinically the animal showed pale ocular, buccal mucus membranes, rapid bounding pulse and lack of rumination. Complete blood picture (CBP) revealed decreased Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV). Blood smear examination revealed the presence of intraerythrocytic Anaplasma inclusions at the margins of the corpuscles concluding that the buffalo was suffering from Anaplasmosis. The faecal examination was negative for parasitic ova/oocysts. The animal was treated with oxytetracycline, antipyretics and hematinics for three consecutive days. Prompt improvement in health condition of the animal was noticed post treatment.


A polystyrene-aluminum joint, the adhesion of which was promoted by a silane coupling agent, was examined by fracturing the interface under water at different loads and temperatures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the fractured surfaces showed that the locus of failure was mainly interfacial at low loads, but it gradually moves away from the interface at higher loads. This movement of the failure locus reflects a transition of the mechanism of interfacial debonding from the hydrolysis of the siloxane bonds to the cleavage of the main polymer chains. A rate-dependent bond failure model qualitatively describes the above process, in which the activation energy of bond dissociation is assumed to be a time-dependent parameter.


pline and reduce the amount of jargon they use. Returning to theoretical work, Jürgen Schriewer provides a theoretically complex look at the varying branches and background 'logics' of comparative and international education studies – as he describes them, the epistemo-logic, the socio-logic and the globo-logic. This contrasts with the next chapter with what, for me, is the most unusual, engaging, creative and often humorous chapter of the book; indeed, I suggest it is worth picking up the book just to read this chapter. Michele Schweisfurth considers the comparative education community from a traditional anthropological, ethnographic perspective, describing it as 'tribal grouping', with its own rites, rituals, kinship ties, belief systems and warfare. Membership may be attained by being 'sponsored' by a 'tribal elder' (being supervised by a renowned scholar!), academic journals are the 'tribal records' and conferences illustrate the 'oral tradition'. Although humorous, Schweisfurth reiterates the serious point that the discipline should be more outward-looking as 'we also need to speak the language of the other' (p. 108). The final chapter returns to the idea of 'silences', with Elaine Unterhalter offering an overview of the aspects and theorisations of gender that have and have not been considered within comparative education at various times, looking to her own career in South Africa and England as a case in point. In addition to her personal autobiographical reflections, Unterhalter uses linguistic terms, building on a previous taxonomy, in order to urge comparativists to consider gender as a gerund – a noun that acts like a verb – in order to not only consider education systems with regard to enrolment levels of girls and boys, for example (noun), but also to acknowledge the varied and changing application of gender in practice (verb). It is the book's eclectic mix of historical overviews, theoretical works, former and current debates, key concerns for the future, personal reflections and creative approaches that is its strength, and allows it to appeal to a range of readers interested in the field. Therefore, this compilation will be of interest not only to those well established in the field but also to the newly initiated.


16-year old male presented with ectopically erupted upper left canine and Class II molar relation with skeletal class II pattern. Maxillary 1 st premolars and mandibular 2 nd premolars extraction was planned to correct ectopic position of canines and Class II molar relation. Segmental 0.017×0.025" TMA T loop was used to retract the canines into ideal position. Treatment results showed ectopic position of canines was corrected, bilateral Class I molar and canine relation achieved. The overall treatment took 23 months.


Chinese company law does not regulate the director's liability towards the third party, and in theory there is a misconception that the theory of artificial person's organ is treated too absolutely. This article is mainly discussing the liability's nature, constitutive requirements, the scope of directors who should be made liable to the third party and the scope of the third party. In conclusion, the author's opinion is that in Chinese company law the system of director's liability towards the third party should be perfected by using the foreign and internal legislations for reference.


A considerable amount of a new monophosphate, magnesium 1, 2-epithioglycerol-3-phosphate was found to exist in Pleurotus salmoneostramineus L. Vass., an edible pink-colored mushroom. The structure of this unique substance is described.


The aim of this work was to test innovative approach for enhancing ascorbyl palmitate stability in microemulsions for topical application by addition of newly synthesized co-antioxidant 4-(tridecyloxy)benzaldehyde oxime (TDBO) and to investigate its antioxidant activity and finally to evaluate cytotoxicity of TDBO-loaded microemulsions on keratinocyte cells. TDBO significantly increased ascorbyl palmitate stability in oil-dispersed-in-water (o/w) microemulsions, most presumably due to reduction of ascorbyl palmitate radical back to ascorbyl palmitate, since TDBO free-radical scavenging activity was confirmed. Cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated no significant change in cell viability or morphology in the presence of TDBO-loaded microemulsions regarding unloaded microemulsions, although greater cytotoxicity was observed with increased microemulsion concentrations. Therefore, the incorporation of TDBO as non-cytotoxic co-antioxidant in o/w microemulsions is a promising new strategy for enhancing ascorbyl palmitate stability that could be used to support antioxidant network in the skin.


The aim of this study was to assess the heat and moisture exchange (HME) capacity of the upper respiratory tract and the effect of tracheotomy breathing on endotracheal climate in patients with head and neck cancer.


The study aims to analyze the leisure experiences of students from the Physical Education undergraduate course at the Federal University of Pará, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodology of research is descriptive and of qualitative and quantitative approach. The instrument was a questionnaire produced and sent via the Google Forms. The survey involved 104 students. After receiving the questionnaires, the data was systematized in the Microsoft Excel program. The survey results pointed out that: the involvement with leisure activities decreased for most students; domestic tasks and online studies and courses were the most mandatory activities performed during; interactions through social networks and watching TV series were the most mentioned leisure interests;; and that, although a percentage of students adapted and/or created new leisure activities, for the most part it was not possible in the context the COVID-19 pandemic.


There are similarities among various transport processes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), but also some differences. The present work concerns modelling and numerical analysis of heat, mass transfer / species flow, two-phase transport and effects on the cell performance in SOFCs and PEMFCs. Numerical calculation methods are further developed to enable predictions of convective heat transfer and pressure drop in flow ducts of the fuel and the oxidant. The unique boundary conditions (thermal, mass) for the flow ducts in fuel cells are identified and implemented. The composite duct consists of a porous layer, gas flow duct and/or solid current inter-connector (or -collector). The results from this study are applicable for other investigations considering overall fuel cell modeling and system studies, as well as the emerging field of micro-reactor engineering. (Less)


A tip 10 for a pick tool comprises an impact structure 20 joined at a boundary surface 31 to a substrate 30. The boundary surface includes a depression 34 and a ridge 36 at the periphery of the depression and a generally tapered intermediate region 32 depending away from the ridge towards the substrates periphery. The impact structure comprises an apex 22 directly opposite the depression 34. The longitudinal distance from the apex 22 to the bottom of the depression 34 is shorter than the distance to the lowest point on the intermediate region 32. The apex and the depression preferably each define a radius of curvature in a longitudinal plane with the depression defining a smaller radius of curvature than the apex.


The goal of this project is to build a deep-learning solution that deblurs cornea scans, used for medical examination. The spherical shape of the eye prevents ophtamologist from having completely sharp image. Provided with a stack of corneas from confocal images, our approach is to build a model that performs an upscaling of the images using an SR (Super Resolution) Network.


Gray (1842) separated the bandicoot rats from the house rats under the genus Nesokia. Thomas (1907), however, divided them into three genera, Nesokia, Gunomys and Bandicota. Later, Wroughton (1908, 1919) maintained 6 species (gigantea, malabarica, elliotana, indica, nemorivaga and savilei) under the genus Bandieota, 7 species (bengalensis, gracilis, wardi, varius, lordi, sindicus and kok) under Gunomys and 4 species (indica, huttoni, griffithi and beaba) under Nesokia from the Indian subregion. Subsequently, Ellerman (1947, 1961) retained the genus Nesokia for the highly specialised bandicoot rats from Palaearctic and North-west India, Bandicota for the more generalised Indo-Malayan forms, and synonymised Gunomys with Bandieota. Further, based on the body colour and tnorphological characters, Ellerman (loc. cit.) maintained a single species indica under the genus N esokia and two species, namely, indica and bengalensis under Bandicota. While doing so, he merged all the large-sized bandicoot rats with indica except nemorivaga and savilei which were given subspecific ranks under it. Tiwari et al. (1971), however, stressed the need of retaining malabariea from the Western Ghats as a separate subspecies of B. indica. Later, Pradhan et. al. (1989), with the help of biochemical analysis found polymorphic populations in the species Bandicota indica which created confusion as to the status of different species synonymised with it. Hence, it was decided to undertake the study of large bandicoot rats afresh, covering all pos~ible aspects like osteo-morphological, biochemical and hair sculpture studies. The present work is based on the data collected for the following research projects :1. Ecological and taxonomic studies of the rats (subfamily Murinae) from Pune and adjacent areas. 2. Chaemotaxonomic studies of the commensal rodents and shrews from Bombay-Pune region.


AbstractThe use of a theory-driven perspective is very common, especially in economics research, and even becomes an inevitable approach. Problems arise when data, as a form of reality, does not synergize with theory. The resulting conclusion is very likely to be different from the theoretical statement. One method that refers to data-driven is the Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) model, which puts all the variables involved in a position as endogenous variables. This study seeks to identify a statistically more accurate relationship in the relationship between variables, stock prices, consumer price index, Jakarta Inter-Bank Over rate, exchange rate, and Net Balance Trade. Observations were made from January 2016 to December 2020. This study found evidence that there is a recursive relationship between stock price variables and macroeconomic variables. The VAR model identifies the Net Balance Trade variable as an endogenous variable in 3 types of sectoral stocks and only manufacturing sector stocks that resemble it. These results have two theoretical consequences: first, setting stock prices without differentiating sectors carries the risk of generalization errors. Second, setting stock prices as the endogenous variable means assuming that the market is perfect, and efficient and market participants have rational behavior.


Abstract Glyphosate, widely used herbicide, is considered harmful to the environment and human health. Its effects on growth rate and genotoxicity of Ipomoea aquatica were assessed in this work. The plants were grown in the soil which supplemented with glyphosate at 1- to 3-fold the recommended dose. After 30 days, lengths and dry weights of the roots and shoots were found to decrease in a concentration-dependent manner. The same was found for genotoxicity assessed via random amplified polymorphic DNA with genomic template stability tests, confirming the effects of glyphosate on the growth rate inhibition and DNA damage. The usefulness of the random amplified polymorphic DNA assay as ecotoxicological tool for assessing genotoxic effects in plants is demonstrated.


This article looks at the problem of why so few students, in certain schools, complete accelerated math programs. Hard facts and student opinion are combined here to give insight into the situation. The author suggests ways to salvage an accelerated mathematics program if an attrition problem exists.


The propagation characteristics and rock breaking mechanism of explosive stress wave have aroused the interests of many researchers. This work proposed a method that separates the explosion stress wave from detonation gas and designed the testing unit accordingly. It combined the resistance ultra-dynamic strain test to conduct the strain measurement on local key points and obtained the strain waveforms of representative measuring points under the explosion stress wave. The characteristics of these strain waveforms were analyzed and the energy-based spectral analysis of these waveforms was done using Matlab. Findings show that both strain peak and stress rate peak are the biggest along the slot direction, followed by that along the non-slot direction, 135° direction and 45° direction in a descending order; the similar low-frequency band was detected at the measuring point with the same distance to the explosion source, while the high-frequency band was unevenly distributed. In the rock breaking experiment under the stress wave of slotted cartridge, with regards to the measuring points at the same distance to borehole, the similar low-frequency bands appeared and concentrated in 292.8-448Hz. The included angle between each measuring point and the slot was different, which impacted the propagation of stress wave to some extent and resulted in uneven distribution of the high-frequency bands.


Highly stable organic solids, based on van der Waals interactions between cylindrical porphyrinwires, exhibit unique square iodine-channels (10 × 10 A) and exceptionally hollow porphyrinwires. The functionalized iodine-cavities could be capable of conferring specific adsorption behavior for mercury and lead ions, whereas hollow porphyrinwires might serve as a model for the development of hybrid electronic and ionic transfer materials.


This study aims to provide a bibliometric analysis of the Islamic business model. This study presents bibliometric analysis and identifies publication trends within the scope of the Islamic business model in journals indexed by the dimensions database from 1994 to 2022. This study uses descriptive statistics based on 217 published articles related to the Islamic business model. The data was collected from the dimensions database and analyzed using VOSviewer. The results showed that most articles on Islamic business models were published in 2021. The journals that contain the most articles on Islamic business models are the "Journal of Islamic business ethics" and the "Journal of Islamic Marketing." The most cited article is "Islamic Ethics and the Implications for Business". There are 7 clusters in the development map of Islamic business model research. In research on Islamic business models, the words that often appear in the title are "effect, business model, and Islamic banking." Recent research related to the Islamic business model relates to Islamic business and customer satisfaction.