that in preaching the imminent coming of the Kingdom of God, Jesus advocated revolutionary economic ideas. Drawing heavily on secondary sources, Part 1 examines the economic context in which the historic Jesus lived. Important geographic features of first-century Palestine are linked to production, population settlement, land usage, capital investment, and technology. Relative levels of wealth, poverty, and debt are estimated, as are consumption patterns, taxes, and rents. In Part 2, Oakman scrutinizes selected gospel texts which he believes reflect "the most original and unique aspects of the Jesus tradition (p. 8). These include the Lord's Prayer tradition, the parables (especially those dealing with agricultural themes), and the Kingdom of God passages. Chapter 5, acknowledged to be "inferential and circumstantial," considers Jesus' occupation, his social contacts, and the role of patronage in his ministry. Through detailed textual analyses Oakman attempts to reclaim Jesus' "original intention and context" (pp. 1-2) by asking what peasant audiences actually heard in his heavily agricultural imagery about God's kingdom. Throughout the study the author takes issue, not always convincingly, with traditional eschatological interpretations. For example, he maintains that the "forgive us our debts" clause of the Lord's Prayer is not a spiritual appeal for God's forgiveness of sin, but rather a petition for remission of burdensome material debts which plagued so many of his listeners. Yet the analyses of the radical challenges in Jesus' social teachings tend to be surprisingly bland. Typical is a summary of the lesson in the parable of the wedding feast: "Radical generosity has social consequences—good and bad—depending upon your perspective" (p. 166). Although its subject is intrinsically interesting, the book is not easy reading for several reasons. First, for the reader unfamiliar with scriptural scholarship, Oakman's frequent allusions to critical studies are disconcerting, since he provides few clues concerning their relative significance. This is particularly unfortunate in an avowedly interdisciplinary study. The persevering reader discovers much too late, in Appendix 1, an evaluation of the usefulness of the gospels and tradition as bases for a study of the activities and goals of the historic Jesus. This well-written and informative material should have been presented as an early chapter, and prospective readers are advised to begin with it. Apart from Appendix 1, the writing style is ponderous. Finally, contrary to the order the title suggests, Jesus is not introduced until midway into the book. Despite its unsophisticated economic analysis, the reader does take away from the study a good sense of the social and political environment in which Jesus lived and worked. The author is less successful in explaining why the social teachings of the historic Jesus should be valued in places and eras beyond his own. One gains little appreciation of just why they have continued to hold a unique place in western religious life and thought. Oakman's self-imposed focus on the immediate impact of Jesus' words on the audiences of his day prevents him from considering satisfactorily their long-term radical significance. Nonetheless, his innovative efforts to incorporate perspectives from the social sciences into studies of the New Testament are commendable and probably long overdue, and his extensive bibliography will prove a useful resource for scriptural scholars. The study, in summary, should be viewed more as a contribution to biblical and theological scholarship than as an addition to the economic literature on first-century Palestine.


In this work, we have developed nanopatterning technologies for the fabrication of a synthetic nanostereocilia. Various nanopatterning technologies including nanoimprint lithography, soft lithography, and focused ion beam (FIB) have been tried to pattern metal catalysts for carbon nanotube (CNT) growth. Catalyst nanodot patterns in the range from 50 ㎚ to 150 ㎚ could be obtained from these technologies. Finally, Patterned structures for CNT growth with high aspect ratio which were similar to natural nanocilia were fabricated with the catalyst patterns.


The authors propose the methods of measuring the hemodynamic indices on the basis of the impedance rheoplethysmography, electrocardiometer and programming microcalculator. The use of the disk electrodes instead of the circular electrodes makes it possible to take measurements during physical tests, e.g. veloergometric tests.


This paper discusses public policy concerning qualification of bidders on public highway construction contracts, the state laws and regulations relating to licensing of public works contractors and state practice regarding prequalification and post qualification of bidders on highway construction contracts. The prevention of contractor default, the improvement of competitive bidding, and the improvement of the quality of construction are discussed, as well as limits on state police power applied to contractor qualification, and the scope of the licensing requirements. The special status of Federal-Aid Highway projects is also considered. The approaches discussed here-licensing, pre-bid qualification, pre-award qualification-represent well-tested techniques of regulation, and pre-bid qualification enjoys nation-wide adoption. In evolving the current pattern of state laws and regualtions on licensing and qualification, legislative draftsmen must give effect to 2 policies which generally characterize public contract law. One is the policy that public works contracts shall be awarded through competitive bidding procedurs which stimulate as many contractors as possible to bid on a given project. The second is that in competitive bidding the contract is to be awarded to the lowest responsible bidder. State contractor licensing laws in 19 states appear to be able to carry out in initial screening of persons entering the practice of contracting. Licensing laws do not protect the public against the costs of speculative busines risks, inexperience etc. Preventive protection against these risks is provided by other procedures. State statutes, rules etc. show a substantial variety in the method of rating the capacity of contractors and delimiting their eligibility to bid on contracts in accordance with this rating. Court decisions give little help in this area, and the ability of states to exercise continuing influence on contractors activities through authority to suspend and revoke certification is difficult to evalute.


Background: Head and neck malignancies are the sixth most common cancers worldwide, a vast majority of these cases is squamous cell carcinomas. Cisplatin is one of the main modalities of treatment. However it leads to dose dependent ototoxicity. The aim was to determine the cisplatin induced ototoxicity in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. The objectives are: (1) to determine the severity and type of hearing loss; (2) to determine the effects on the vestibular system; (3) to correlate the cause effect relationship to dosage and duration of treatment; and (4) to devise a protocol for early detection and prevention of ototoxicity.

Methods: The study was conducted over 50 randomly selected head and neck cancer patients at malignat diseases treatment centre (MDTC) of a tertiary care centre in Eastern India at Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata between October 2008 and October 2010.

Results: 22% of the patients developed cochlear ototoxicity. No patient had any vestibulotoxic effects.

Conclusions: Cisplatin manifests with dose dependent ototoxicity. Pre as well as post treatment audiometric monitoring may help to provide early evidence of decreased hearing ability, leading to the possible limitation of the severity of ototoxicity.


Not that long ago, in the time of the "Big 6" accounting firms, anyone of those firms in the USA employed more lawyers than all the lawyers in the top law firms in New York City put together.


This work offers a preliminary study on methods for automatic detection of interictal epileptiform discharges in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The present research investigated recent studies on automated spike detection techniques. From 80 selected papers, we reviewed over 40 according to five indicators (year of publication, feature extraction and classification methods, performance evaluation and dataset). Since feature extraction plays a fundamental role in automatic spike detection, a comprehensive literature review indicated the wavelet-based methods as suitable approaches to address such task. In addition, we covered the main topics related to the theme, such as classifiers, artifact rejection, data reduction techniques and performance metrics. This study provides directions to both conduct future studies and implement automated systems to assist in epilepsy diagnosis.


Today human beings are suffering energy crisis. One possible solution is to get solar power directly from the sun by creating highly efficient solar cells at a low cost. Through this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of the hybrid solar cells, combining silicon nanowires and PEDOT polymer. The main advantage of such a structure is the simplicity to both the structure of silicon and the deposition of PEDOT, using efficient and low-cost methods of metal-assisted chemical etching (EMACE) and electrochemical deposition. The silicon nanowires (SiNWs) array becomes an active research subject nowadays in photovoltaic application mainly due to its good light trapping effect. The etched SiNWs obtained can reach a reflection lower than 3% in the whole visible range. The areal density of SiNWs in array can be tuned by KOH tapering process. Besides core-shell junction in Si nanowire is effective in photogenerated carriers' collection. It is first time, to our knowledge, that the polymer PEDOT is electrochemically polymerized with etched SiNWs as electrode, and a real core-shell junction wrapping individual silicon nanowire can be realized. The core-shell morphology is dependent on the competition between EDOT diffusion to wire bottom space and PEDOT growth on wire tips. The fabricating parameters of illumination intensity, potential, and duration are investigated about their influence on the I(V) characterization of PEDOT/SiNWs cells. The most remarkable feature of our PEDOT/SiNWs hybrid cell is its ultralow leakage current density and ultrahigh leakage resistance, suggesting a good passivation effect to remove interfacial states which constitutes the pathway for charge transport at reverse bias.


Sexual variation in body form is a common phenomenon in the natural world. Although most research has focused on dimorphism in size, examination of differences in shape can provide insight into ecological factors that may differ in importance to the sexes. In this study, we investigated the patterns of body shape dimorphism in 15 species of Greater Antillean Anolis lizards and investigated whether these patterns can be explained by allometry, phylogenetic effect, or sexual differences in habitat use. We found extensive shape and ecological variation between males and females. Previous studies have been conducted on males only; we found that females have also evolved morphologies to match their habitats. However, we concluded that adaptive patterns differ for the sexes and that interspecific ecological variation is related more strongly to shape than to size for each sex. Previous studies on males have revealed repeated convergent evolution of morphology to habitat types (termed ''ecomorphs''). Here, we found that ecomorphs also differ in the magnitude and direction of shape dimorphism. These results cannot be accounted for by allometric scaling or by phylogenetic similarity (regardless of assumptions regarding evo- lutionary process); they support previous studies that have found important life-history differences for species of different habitat types. We found some evidence for independent adaptation of the sexes, but with more complex ecological patterning occurring between sexes than can be explained by sexual selection alone. Consequently, some combination of functional differences and sexual selection is required.


Shelly maintains the stance of a social reform in the verse drama, The Cenci, just as his poems represent the reformer's attitude against inequality, tyranny, and oppression occurring from despots and false institutions. The oppressive patriarch represented by father in The Cenci and the corrupt religious law represented by the pope are the means of restraining and suppressing Beatrice. Therefore, in The Cenci, Shelley reconsiders women's rights in earnest. In a patriarchal society dominated by men, sexual violence becomes a means of suppressing women. Furthermore, the Catholic Church tolerates sins for property proliferation and does not give any mental comfort to believers. So the society described in The Cenci is a society where the possibility of change is completely blocked, and women's freedom is impossible by patriarchy and by a corrupted church. But Beatrice's aggressive behavior against oppression from her patriarchal father and the corrupted church shows that change is possible. Consequently, Beatrice's act promises new potential for women by breaking and overcoming the oppressive ruling system of a patriarchal and religious order. (Wonkwang University)


ters from neoliberal power on the basis of 'personal failing[s]' (p. 102) are particularly insightful. The relationship between neoliberalism and race is again central to the book's final chapter, on Plath's The Bell Jar, where Tucker-Abramson suggests that Esther's ultimately critical perspective on commodity culture and the city depends on the latter's associationwith a foreignness viewed as threatening not in the traditionally Cold War terms through which the novel is often read but as destabilising Esther's privileged white middle-class status. For Tucker-Abramson, Plath reveals Esther's developing neoliberal subjectivity as restrictive and as leading her to embrace a suburban life whose realities are far more damaging to her than those of the city. Esther's harnessing of shock therapy thus becomes a tool to quell her discontent rather than an expression of triumphant mastery over self and city. Novel Shocks takes a fresh approach to some well-discussed works of midtwentieth-century American literature. The best parts of this book reveal how the policies and practices of urban renewal fed into contemporary modes of subject formation and literary expression, and the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion involved. A greater degree of specificity in distinguishing an emergent neoliberalism from earlier and co-existent forms of capitalist culture would be beneficial, however. Also, the approach taken is perhaps a little too multi-stranded, with arguments about urban renewal, shock, the frontier, considerations of race, sexuality, class and gender as well as ideas about modernism and literary genre all competing for attention. But all in all, this complexity pays off and Novel Shocks provides compelling insights into how post-war fiction navigated a rapidly transforming urban, economic and cultural terrain.


Using the method of two-stage nested Theil coefficient decomposition,this paper reveals the change features and contribution rate of overall regional inequality of the between-region,between-province and within-province inequality based on both inbound tourism economy and domestic tourism economy,and analyzes the spatial pattern for regional difference of tourism economic according to the within-province inequality from 2000 to 2008.The results are as following: 1) The overall regional difference between inbound tourism economy and domestic tourism economy in China tends to be narrow,and the regional difference of domestic tourism is less than that of inbound tourism.2) Within-province inequality is more obvious than that of between-region and between-province inequality,and it plays an important role in the overall regional difference of tourism economy in China.The between-province inequality in the eastern region is obvious;however the tourism is relatively balanced in central and western provinces.3) The within-province inequality in the eastern region is more obvious and has a high contribution rate to overall regional inequality;however,in the central and western regions,the situation is relatively different.The within-province inequality is obvious in some provinces,and the spatial patterns of tourism development are "double-center" model or "single-center" model,but the contribution rate of overall regional inequality of the within-province inequality is low,because of its smaller proportion of the tourism economics in the whole country.Resources endowment,transportation and economic development are the important factors related to regional difference of tourism economic in China by correlation analysis.


This article provides an overview of the components and entities involved in the formation of electronic commerce information security: buyers, sellers, third parties, and technology. It discusses key characteristics of each entity and the interactions between these entities from the perspective of potential information security issues. In addition, it presents a mixture of possible results of such interrelationships and their impact on the consequences of e-commerce transactions. Finally, the emerging threats of mobile electronic commerce are discussed, followed by a suggested research model.

Keywords:

buyers;
e-commerce;
e-commerce security;
future trends;
information security;
sellers;
third parties


The external genitalia and their musculature in both sexes of Lytta vulnerata (LeConte) are described, illustrated, and discussed, with comments on other authors' interpretations of various genitalic components and associated structures. Interspecific variation noted in several components of the genitalia suggests that they may be useful in taxonomic studies of the Meloidae.


This thesis has shown the importance of integration of theoretical calculations and experimental investigations in studying the role of non-covalent interactions and particularly dispersion interactions in transition metal chemistry. Several subjects were addressed, such as stacking interactions of chelates in transition metal complexes in solid state, influence of chirality on the oligomerization of Rh(I) isonitrile complexes in solution and the stability of the cis-platin type complexes in concentrated solutions. Isothermal titration calorimetry proved to be very useful in the studies by providing accurate experimental data on the thermochemistry of addressed processes. This data was used to gauge the ability of the theoretical methods to accurately reproduce the experimental results. Calculations have shown that the proper treatment of dispersion effects and solvation by theoretical models gives values in relatively good agreement with experiments, but further improvements are needed.


Coseismic slip during an earthquake induces frictional heating in fault zone. Determination of the temperature recorded in the fault is important for estimating the dynamic shear stress and displacement during the earthquake. Here we performed micro FTIR-Raman spectroscopic analyses of carbonaceous materials from the Taiwan Chelungpu fault, which slipped at the 1999 ChiChi earthquake. We also conducted heating experiments and friction experiments and analyzed by FTIR-Raman spectroscopies in order to investigate the effects of fast heating rate like frictional heating during earthquake. Based on the results of analyses, we discuss the capability as new temperature proxy during the earthquake.


Gender bias is proposed as an example of an automatic categorisation process, which precedes more controlled processes of causal attribution. It was hypothesised that gender bias affects supervisors' responses to subordinate behaviour only when outcomes are expected. To test this hypothesis, 252 subjects rated descriptions of performance by male and female subordinates which varied in performance outcome and consistency. Results supported the hypothesis, but more strongly for success outcomes. Implications for the attributional model of supervisor-subordinate relations are discussed.


Question-Answer portals such as Naver and Yahoo! Answers are growing in popularity. However, despite the increased popularity, the quality of answers is uneven, and while some users usually provide good answers, many others often provide bad answers. Hence, estimating the authority, or the expected quality of users, is a crucial task for this emerging domain, with potential applications to answer ranking and to incentive mechanism design. We adapt a powerful link analysis methodology from the web domain as a first step towards estimating authority in Question Answer portals. Our experimental results over more than 3 million answers from Yahoo! Answers are promising, and warrant further exploration along the lines outlined in this poster.


Progression from a steroid sensitive to insensitive state is characteristic of breast tumors, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. Changes in steroid receptor can be associated with the progression. This paper reviews the cell culture data pertaining to loss of response and concludes that loss of receptor is a consequence rather than a cause of insensitivity. This view is based on evidence that loss of all response parameters occurs despite the presence of fully functional receptors as determined by transfection experiments. The postreceptor defect appears to be at the level of the hormone response element of the responsive genes arid may involve DNA methylation. The implications of the model for human breast cancer biology are discussed.


The paper deals with the discussion of the value framework for the implementation of the Lean philosophy in the function of achieving the optimal level of business of the organization. By systematizing the literature data, the paper provides a basic insight into the thoughts, ideas and attitudes of the Lean approach, observing it inevitably in the context of factors that affect the success of its implementation in manufacturing industries. Identifying the problem framework in which the idea of Lean philosophy is realized is one of the most critical aspects that helps organizations to identify and eliminate weaknesses of the industrial system by applying certain tools and techniques that will enable a more successful outcome of implementation of this methodology whose principles can improve company performance. The discussion of the basic methods of the Lean approach was conducted in a way that allows considering of the practical contribution of the methods in correlation with Lean as the basic strategy. The results of the research showed the existence of a wide range of complex phenomena at the level of the entire organization, which are in mutual interaction and which, by their action, hinder the certainty of the success of Lean implementation by applying pre-tested tools and methods.


Northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) (hereafter referred to as goshawk) is a large forest dwelling hawk. Goshawks may be declining in population and reproduction in the southwestern United States. Reasons for the possible decline in goshawk populations include timber harvesting resulting in the loss of nesting habitat, toxic chemicals, and the effects of drought, fire, and disease. Thus, there is a need to determine their population status and assess impacts of management activities in potential goshawk habitat. Inventory for the goshawk was conducted on 2,254 ha of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) to determine the presence of nesting goshawks on LANL lands. This information can be incorporated into LANL`s environmental management program. The inventory was conducted by Colorado State University personnel from May 12 to July 30, 1993. This report summarizes the results of this inventory.


Adults of many species of birds exhibit considerable fidelity to their previous breeding area (breeding philopatry) and may even use the same nest site in successive years. In many species of birds, breeding philopatry is male-biased (Greenwood 1980). Waterfowl differ from this pattern in that breeding philopatry is female-biased (Greenwood 1980, Lessells 1985), although it is not clear whether this pattern is ubiquitous among the Anatidae. Studies of breeding dispersal are necessary to understand the reproductive consequences of sexbiased philopatry, and also have implications for studies of gene flow and population dynamics (Geramita and Cooke 1982). If breeding philopatry is femalebiased, information on return rates of females with known reproductive histories can provide insight into the costs of reproduction (e.g., Dow and Fredga 1984, Lessells 1986). To date, there have been few attempts to compare patterns of philopatry between areas, and few long-term studies of individually marked birds, although such studies are necessary to test current theories of breeding dispersal (e.g., Greenwood 1980). It has therefore been difficult to separate the influence of life history variation from the effects of environmental variability (Harvey et al. 1984). Finally, there has been no test of the reliability of the methods used to detect dispersal. For example, most estimates of philopatry in waterfowl are based on recaptures of females on their nests, usually late into incubation (e.g., Nilsson 1971, Dow and Fredga 1983, Hepp et al. 1987). Such methods would underestimate survival and philopatry because females that returned to their breeding area, but did not nest successfully, would be missed. The sample of philopatric females would be biased in favor of successful birds.


The paper presents a way to perform multi-channel bio-impedance measurement on several frequencies applying a special FPGA circuit for fast synchronous primary signal processing. The primary processing involves only additive operations and uses stored data 1) to simplify a possibility to obtain higher resolution of measurement signalpsilas samples V(n) applying AD conversion (mainly) for the differences V(n)-V(n-N) where N is the length of the measurement cycle and 2) to obtain for every n the preliminary results (ldquorawrdquo data based on last N samples) for finding real and imaginary parts (and/or modulus and phase) of electrical bio-impedance for several channels and frequencies so that further signal processing and displaying of final results can be performed with a suitable rate.


Myelomeningocele results from failure of the neural tube to close in the developing fetus and is associated with neurological impairment (Incidence 1:1000 births). The level of the anatomic lesion generally correlates with  the neurological deficit and ranges from complete paralysis to minimal or in some cases no motor involvement. Myelomeningocele or Spina bifida can lead to health problems, physical disabilities, and learning problems. Most commonly, associated with paralysis of the lower extremities and neurogenic bladder. Treatment requires multidisciplinary participation. The functional classification that concerns us in this review includes three types and were obtained through gait analysis. Keywords: Spina bifida; instrumental; gait analysis; kinematics and kinetics; orthotics


On the basis of the regional characteristics and the present status of forestry in Jiangsu Province, an evaluating system for the forestry development in Jiangsu Province has been established,which includes 47 indicators of 4 subsystems, viz. status of forest resources, functions of the ecological environment, socioeconomic benifit and support systems. The weighting of the indicators is determined by Delphi method, method of frequency analysis and SSMII, and the evaluation of forestry development in Jiangsu Province has been made. It has been revealed that forestry in Jiangsu Province is at a transitive stage of initial modern forestry. Further more, the present status and the problems existing in the development of forestry in Jiangsu Province are analyzed based on the results.


(2) The unique device identifier (UDI) of the device, or the device identifier, universal product code (UPC), model, catalog, or code number of the device and the manufacturing lot or serial number of the device or other identification number. (3) A description of the event(s) giving rise to the information reported and the corrective or removal action that has been, and is expected to be taken. (4) Justification for not reporting the correction or removal action to FDA, which shall contain conclusions and any followups, and be reviewed and evaluated by a designated person. (5) A copy of all communications regarding the correction or removal. (c) The manufacturer or importer shall retain records required under this section for a period of 2 years beyond the expected life of the device, even if the manufacturer or importer has ceased to manufacture or import the device. Records required to be maintained under paragraph (b) of this section must be transferred to the new manufacturer or importer of the device and maintained for the required period of time.


Introduction: Mars' south polar residual cap (SPRC) is a 1–10 m-thick deposit of high-albedo CO2 ice overlying a ~4 km-high dome of dusty water ice layers known as the south polar layered deposits (SPLD) [1]. Additional water ice-rich deposits have been detected around the periphery of the SPRC and in an extensive outlying deposit [2]; these exposures are distinct from the underlying SPLD, but their exact nature remains unclear [3, 4]. Because variable mixtures of CO2 ice, H2O ice, and dust within these deposits influence their interaction with solar insolation and atmospheric cycling, constraining compositional variation across the south polar region is a critical step in understanding the formation, evolution, and preservation of Mars climate records. In previous work [5, 6], we used short-wave infrared (SWIR) data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) [7] to identify and map a suite of 21 spectral endmembers across the SPRC and surrounding ice exposures. Specifically, this work leveraged CRISM "targeted" data, which provide high spatial and spectral resolution views of localized sites (18–36 m/pix, 438 SWIR channels). To map the distribution of compositional endmembers more completely across the region, we now turn to CRISM "mapping" data, which cover broader swaths of the surface at coarser resolutions (90–180 m/pix, 55 SWIR channels). Here we present the results of endmember classification in a mosaic of CRISM Multispectral Window (MSW) observations and discuss their implications for south polar ice composition. Methods: Mosaic generation. To balance spatial coverage with a consistent view of seasonal state (i.e., degree of CO2 frost cover), the mosaic was restricted to observations acquired between solar longitude (LS) 310–360o. Most of the resulting mosaic (Fig. 1) captures the surface after LS 330o when the majority of seasonal CO2 ice cover is expected to have been removed. Unlike other observing modes that were gathered across multiple Mars Years (MYs), all south polar MSW data were acquired during MY 28 following a significant dust event [8, 9]. To produce the clearest possible view of surface spectral variation, each of the 89 MSW observations were passed through a series of standard corrections that address atmospheric gas absorption, photometric effects, and spectral smile [10]. The map-projected observations were then stacked according to the LS of acquisition to create the final mosaic at 90 m/pix resolution. Figure 1. Spatial coverage and temporal sampling provided by a mosaic of 89 Multispectral Window (MSW) observations from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM).


A comparison of the measured and calculated flow field properties of a nozzle of unusual design which was used to produce an incompressible, low Reynolds number jet is presented. The nozzle is essentially a porous metal plate which covers the end of a pipe. Results are presented for nozzle Reynolds numbers from 50 to 1000 with velocities of 100 or 200 ft/sec. The nozzle produces a uniform velocity profile at nozzle Reynolds numbers well below those at which conventional contoured nozzles are completely filled with the boundary layer. A jet mixing analysis based on the boundary layer equations accurately predicted the flow field over the entire range of Reynolds numbers tested.


When the general shipborne gun weapon system operates against the target with low irradiative or with small reflected size,the tracking device sometimes can not automatically track targets and effectively perform range finding.This paper discusses the manually tracking mode and shooting control method bases on the video of Optical-Electronic tracking Device(OED).It gets the tracking data by the weaponservers control the OED aiming the target and perfom laser ranging or set distance.This method is easy to achieve with simple theory and low cost.It also has the function of correcting the shooting data quickly.The shipborne gun weapon system has been effectively enhanced the ability operating against the target.By using this method,it has been validated by experimentation.


Langmuir–Blodgett–Kuhn films of ionene polymers and nonlinear optically (NLO) active amphiphiles were investigated using several ultrathin film-sensitive techniques to determine multilayer ordering. Studies involved the formation of "passive–active" AB y-type multilayers of the ionenes and the NLO active amphiphiles. Deposition was possible with the use of an alternate three compartment dipping trough. The multilayer structures and thicknesses were verified by X-ray diffraction and reflection measurements and surface plasmon spectroscopy on a gold-coated glass substrate. Two main factors were determined to be responsible for the formation of stable alternating film architectures, namely electrostatic interaction in the hydrophilic layers and the van der Waals interaction in the hydrophobic layers. The use of ionenes as a class of amphiphilic polymers allowed the preparation of films with excellent optical quality.


Review(s) of: The good international citizen: Australian peacekeeping in Asia, Africa and Europe, 1991-1993, by David Horner and John Connor, Cambridge University Press: Melbourne, 2014, 668 pp., ISBN 9781107021624, RRP $150.00 (hardcover).


Experimental investigation of unsteady flow in the vaned diffuser of a centrifugal compressor stage was performed under different inlet guide vane(IGV) prewhirl angles and directions in this paper.Detailed instantaneous flow was measured at several different measuring positions using a hot-wire anemometer with the phase-locked ensemble-averaged technique,the influence of the IGV prewhirl angle and direction on the unsteady flowfield in the vaned diffuser was studied.In the existence of IGV prewhirl angle,the results show that the turbulence intensity increases at most of the position in the vaned diffuser;the unsteadiness in the vaned diffuser reduces due to the influence of the IGV wake and large size vortice,and the amplitude of the reduction under the negative IGV prewhirl is smaller than that under positive IGV prewhirl angle;the base frequency of the flow in the vaned diffuser decreases under the IGV prewhirl.


This paper aims to analyze and understand the settlement pattern of archaeological sites Epiclasico period (650-950 A.D.), located in the valley of Puebla-Tlaxcala (Mexico). It is intended to assess first, the storage conditions in which they are and second, to determine which of them, according to the architectural characteristics presented and the natural area in which they are located, were dependent of the rector site Xochitecatl-Cacaxtla. Therefore, we used various sources of information: an initial, based on previous work surface and travels excavations at several archaeological sites and a second, on the basis of new data collected with the current study surface survey: To achieve this various information sources were used. The study succeeded in establishing a vast area of cultural similarity between Xochitecatl-Cacaxtla and at least twenty sites to the south-central valley region whose boundary is the area of the main nuclear site of Cholula south of Puebla-Tlaxcala valley itself.


In the wake of stagnating demand across Alpine ski areas, new pricing regimes and recent advances in the availability of precise local weather forecasts, the relation of weather forecasts to ski demand gains new relevance. I use an activity choice framework in which agents evaluate the utility of skiing relative to alternative opportunities. Thereby, agents decide early based on forecasts or spontaneously based on observed weather outcomes. By matching the demand data of three Swiss ski areas to local forecast and weather data, I show that forecast errors affect skiing demand above the variation through weather alone. Furthermore, I find suggestive evidence that reactions to pessimistic forecast errors exceed those to optimistic errors when agents are more risk averse, less enthusiastic towards skiing or the ski area is located further into the Alps.


title Feature Engineering and Quick Prototyping of Gene Mention Classifiers Abstract authors Manuel Maña Lopez (1) Jacinto Mata Vazquez (1) Francisco Carrero García (2) Jose Maria Gomez Hidalgo (2)authors Manuel Maña Lopez (1) Jacinto Mata Vazquez (1) Francisco Carrero García (2) Jose Maria Gomez Hidalgo (2) Abstract centers-organizations (1) Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Sistemas Informáticos y Automática Escuela Politécnica Superior Universidad de Huelva Carretera Huelva La Rábida Palos de la Frontera, 21071 Huelva, SPAIN email@example.com, email@example.com (1) Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Sistemas Informáticos y Automática Escuela Politécnica Superior Universidad de Huelva Carretera Huelva La Rábida Palos de la Frontera, 21071 Huelva, SPAIN email@example.com, email@example.com (2) Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos Escuela Superior Politécnica Universidad Europea de Madrid Villaviciosa de Odon, 28670 Madrid, SPAIN {francisco.carrero,email@example.com Abstract One of the most relevant steps in learning-based Text Classification tasks is the modeling of the task, which is the definition of a suitable set of attributes, amenable of being used by effective learning algorithms. In fact, the learning step is conveniently supported by a number of machine Learning libraries like WEKA and others. Our work is focused on the analysis of the most suitable attributes for a number of Text Classification tasks. We have developed a framework and software library, JTLib, which allows together the analysis, modeling and fast prototyping of classification systems, supporting both the experimentation phase and the development of functional system prototypes. The library provides the essentials of Text Classification currently not provided by WEKA, and in fact, it is a complement to it.One of the most relevant steps in learning-based Text Classification tasks is the modeling of the task, which is the definition of a suitable set of attributes, amenable of being used by effective learning algorithms. In fact, the learning step is conveniently supported by a number of machine Learning libraries like WEKA and others. Our work is focused on the analysis of the most suitable attributes for a number of Text Classification tasks. We have developed a framework and software library, JTLib, which allows together the analysis, modeling and fast prototyping of classification systems, supporting both the experimentation phase and the development of functional system prototypes. The library provides the essentials of Text Classification currently not provided by WEKA, and in fact, it is a complement to it. This library is being used in two R&D projects, Isis and Sinamed [1], whose objective is to enhance Information Access in the medical domain through the improvement and utilization of Text Classification tasks, like Text Categorization, Automated Text Summarization, and Biological Entity Recognition. In the Gene Mention Task we have used our JTLib library and the WEKA package within the following stages: 1. Text indexing. We used JTLib to develop an application that processes the training data (the 15,000 sentences preceded by a identifier) to obtain a representation based on the selected attributes and configured into the input WEKA format (ARFF). 2. Dimensionality reduction. Once the former ARFF file is generated, we used WEKA to process it aiming to find the attributes with best information gain. Then, we obtained a new and definitive training file to build the classifier. We used 28 attributes to characterize each instance. 3. Classifier learning. Using WEKA, we generated a set of models with different Machine Learning algorithms. From these classifiers, C4.5 decision tree achieved the best results. The C4.5 algorithm allows to done a pruned tree in a reduced time but increasing the error rate. We built two classifiers, both pruned and unpruned. 4. Evaluation of text classifiers. The C4.5 unpruned achieves a scarcely improvement of the Fmeasure respect to C4.5 pruned. However, the time needed to build the model of the pruned version is a 22% of the time required by the unpruned version. The classification time of the pruned algorithm is also very lower, being the 6% of the time employed by the C4.5 unpruned. A major (self-imposed) limitation of our approach is that we have not made use of specific resources, apart from the training test itself. The participation of our team in the Biocreative competition has primary served us as a proof-ofconcept for our systematic approach to feature engineering in text classification tasks. We believe we have obtained reasonable results with respect to the effort we have invested in the competitions.


This research was carried out with the purpose of providing a Marketing Plan for the Huacupamba Cofradia Association, of the city of Amaluza, Canton Espindola, Province of Loja for the year 2017, in which strategic objectives were established that will allow to position the Association as one of the best in the market.
For the accomplishment of the present work the deductive, scientific, statistical, historical methods were used; As well as the techniques of interview, survey and direct observation for the collection of data and information. An interview was conducted with the president of the association, 47 partners were interviewed and a sample of 374 inhabitants of the Espndola canton.
The results were initiated by performing a situational diagnosis where the external factors of the association were analyzed; Socio-cultural, economic, political and technological factors, as well as the five forces of Porter, and then established the matrix of External Factors Evaluation (EFE), whose weighted result was 3.01, indicating that the association takes advantage of opportunities and Minimizes the existing threats, as well as proceeded to perform the analysis of internal factors of the "Huacupamba Guild Association" through the matrix of Internal Factor
Assessment (EFI) gave a weighted result 2.9, which means that Leverages the strengths to minimize weaknesses.
Once the SWOT Matrix was established, which determines the most relevant strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats that the association possesses, a high impact matrix was established, which allowed four strategic objectives to be established: "Empowering partners with "Creating advertising through the most popular media in the Canton," "Making agreements with organizations to support economic development projects," " Mark that allows to differentiate the products and services offered by the Association of others existing in the market ", which in their structure are constituted as follows; Strategies, goals, activities, time, managers and budget.
With the establishment of the strategic objectives, it was possible to carry out the proposal of the Marketing Plan for the association, which presented the necessary budget to put into practice the one that has a value of $ 2785.00 dollars. At the end of the work are the conclusions and through them the respective recommendations that are presented for the association.


Papermaking is one of the outstanding creations of the Chinese nation, from the "Cai Lun's Technique" of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the "Four Great Inventions" of modern times and further to the present academic hotspot of "intangible cultural heritage". The naming and expression of this object reflect the cultural cognition and interpretation of papermaking in different periods of time. It is important to note that, in the context of the intercommunication between Eastern and Western discourses, the study of papermaking is not only about the exploration of the scientific value of a traditional technique, but also is the re-examination of the communication and dissemination of cultures and technologies between the East and the West, in order to form a new understanding of "Sinicized Europe".


ABSTRACT The paper describes some findings about teaching foreign languages (FL) in a pre-school setting obtained from the Network Innovation Project (NIP). The aims of the NIP were to research and practise the most effective teaching approaches and organizational models in teaching and learning of FL in pre-schools. The objectives were to determine how pre-school children experience FL learning in spontaneous and planned activities. The project also considered the professional growth of pre-school FL educators, and the parents' viewpoints about FL learning in preschools. The research utilized continuous monitoring of work with pre-school children, academic discussions, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews with children. The results demonstrate that the children were highly motivated by their FL learning. Most of the parents were satisfied with the FL performance in pre-schools. FL educators pointed out the importance of monthly meetings, academic discussions, and constructive feedback about their live presentation of the FL activities.


In four recent papers Pradel et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 2600 (1985); Phys. Rev. A 35, 1062 (1987)) and Monchicourt et al. (Phys. Rev. A 33, 3515 (1986); Chem. Phys. Lett. 152, 336 (1988)) give arguments claiming the observation of laser-assisted ionization of the short-lived collision complex formed during collisions of He/sup */(2 /sup 1,3/S) with He. However, estimates of the relative sizes of the assisted and unassisted ion signals observed make it very unlikely that laser-assisted ionization has been observed in those experiments. Collisional excitation to higher He/sup */ states, followed by (single-photon) ionization of the excited states, seems a more likely explanation at all energies considered.


Mission planners can benefit from determining regions of space occluded by terrain from sensor positions, e.g. in order to determine ingress and egress paths. Conventional approaches to computing occlusion using 2D or 2.5D representations of terrain are inefficient and do not scale well. Binary Adaptive Ray Casting uses intersection calculations accelerated by 3D hierarchical bounding volumes to perform adaptive interval probing. Candidate regions of dead ground are tested against a required tolerance for "shallowness" caused by grazing rays. The approach can be scaled arbitrarily on a cache-coherent non-uniform memory architecture to compute occluded terrain in near real-time.


This paper provides a theoretical underpinning for the major determinants of optimal reserve demand in the case where fundamental disequilibrium constitutes a key element governing reserve management. Emphasis is given to the role of reserves to smooth the process of economic adjustment by financing part of external disequilibrium, as well as to meet temporary random fluctuations in the excess demand for foreign exchange. The analysis incorporates this financing aspect of reserve holdings into a simple inventory model and discusses the optimal stock of reserves in the context of the optimal mix of adjustment and financing.


We explicitly constructed the generators of the SU(n + 1) group that commute with the supercharges of N = 4 supersymmetric CPn?> mechanics in the background U(n) gauge fields. The corresponding classical Hamiltonian can be represented as a direct sum of two Casimir operators: one Casimir operator on the SU(n + 1) group contains our bosonic and fermionic coordinates and momenta, while the second one, on the SU(1, n) group, is constructed from isospin degrees of freedom only.


In the recent decades, development of green and reliable processes for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is inevitable because of their important applications in all fields of science, especially in nanotechnology and industry. Biological systems have received great attentions from scientist due to low cat, green nature and simple process for synthesis of metallic NPs. In this research, metal nanoparticles, Ag and Fe3O4 NPs, were synthesized through an ecofriendly and cost effective approach using aqueous extract of Cleome heratensis (C. heratensis). The influence of effective parameters including pH, interaction time, temperature, plant extract concentration and Ag concentration were thoroughly investigated base on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for Ag NPs at max  470 nm. The bio-synthesized NPs were characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, XRD, TEM and VSM analyses. The TEM images showed the size of silver and magnetite nanoparticles as 12.27 and 14.12 nm respectively with a homogeneous distribution and nearly spherical in shape.


We consider a microscopic model of spacetime, where spacetime is assumed to be a specific graph with Planck size quantum black holes on its vertices. As a thermodynamical system under consideration we take a certain uniformly accelerating, spacelike two-surface of spacetime which we call, for the sake of brevity and simplicity, as {\it acceleration surface}. Using our model we manage to obtain an explicit and surprisingly simple expression for the partition function of an acceleration surface. Our partition function implies, among other things, the Unruh and the Hawking effects. It turns out that the Unruh and the Hawking effects are consequences of a specific phase transition, which takes place in spacetime, when the temperature of spacetime equals, from the point of view of an observer at rest with respect to an acceleration surface, to the Unruh temperature measured by that observer. When constructing the partition function of an acceleration surface we are forced to introduce a quantity which plays the role of thermal energy of the surface. An interpretation of that quantity as energy in a normal manner yields Einstein's field equation with a vanishing cosmological constant for general matter fields.


In this article, we are presenting an abridged, commentated version of a diary kept by Lissia B. during her internship in a hypermarket specialising in sporting goods. It is the diary of a novice salesperson, describing her relations with customers, colleagues and managers, and above all, the actual job of selling. It shows how this young graduate attempts to adjust to the difficult economic situation of the years 1992-1998 and, in particular, how one must transform oneself in order to sell and sell successfully.


Abstract Pleistocene glaciations had significant effects on the distribution and evolution of arctic species. We focus on these effects in Nearctic Beringia, a high-latitude ice-free refugium in northwest Canada and Alaska, by examining variation in mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) sequences to elucidate phylogeographic relationships and identify times of evolutionary divergence in arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii). This arctic-adapted species provides an excellent model to examine the biogeographic history of the Nearctic due to its extensive subspecific variation and long evolutionary history in the region. Four geographically distinct clades are identified within this species and provide a framework for exploring patterns of biotic diversification and evolution within the region. Phylogeographic analysis and divergence estimates are consistent with a glacial vicariance hypothesis. Estimates of genetic and population divergence suggest that differentiation within Nearctic S. parryii occurred as early as the Kansan glaciation. Timing of these divergence events clusters around the onset of the Kansan, Illinoian, and Wisconsin glaciations, supporting glacial vicariance, and suggests that S. parryii survived multiple glacial periods in Nearctic Beringia. Across the Arctic, Beringia has been identified as an important regional refugium for a number of species. Within Nearctic Beringia, genetic differentiation across populations of arctic ground squirrels further reflects the effect of glacial patterns on a finer scale. The arctic ground squirrel has had a long evolutionary history in the Nearctic, with strong phylogeographic structure and stable clades persisting through multiple glacial cycles.


Many of the challenges and opportunities of data science have to do with dynamic factors: a growing volume of administrative and commercial data on individuals and establishments, continuous flows of data and the capacity to analyze and summarize them in real time, and the necessity for resources to maintain them. With its emphasis on data quality and supportable results, the practice of Official Statistics faces a variety of statistical and data science issues. This article discusses the importance of population frames and their maintenance; the potential for use of multi‐frame methods and linkages; how the use of large scale non‐survey data may shape the objects of inference; the complexity of models for large data sets; the importance of recursive methods and regularization; and the benefits of sophisticated spatial visualization tools in capturing spatial variation and temporal change. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 46: 10–23; 2018 © 2017 Statistical Society of Canada


Textiles made from natural sources, such as cotton and flax, have advantages over those made of synthetic fibers in terms of sustainability. Unlike major synthetic fibers that have a negative impac ...


Abstract We are moving into the last part of the 2019 International Year of the Periodic Table and one wonders: Is there anything left to say? Has the equation Elements of X, not been thoroughly investigated? Not quite we think, and an amazing set of authors from around the globe** who accepted the challenge adequately proves the point in this special issue of Chemistry international.


Immobilized microbial technique and its application in the water treatment are reviewed in order to improve the technique and accelerate its application.


The toxicity of four commercial insecticides (mineral oil, azadirachtin, phenthoate and abamectin) in addition to mint oil (variety of terpenoids), against the citrus leaf-miner, Phyllocnistis citrella , larvae, was tested under laboratory conditions using the leaf-dipping method. The bioassay data indicated that abamectin was the most toxic insecticide against P. citrella larvae, followed by azadirachtin, phenthoate, mint oil and finally mineral oil. On the other hand, field evaluation showed that the highest larval mortality was 94.79 and 83.87% induced by abamectin and azadirachtin, respectively, five days after the 2nd application. Mineral oil and phenthoate showed a 72.43 and 61.4% mortality respectively, at 11 days after the 2nd application, and finally mint oil, 49.82% three days after the 1st application.


Abstract Four diets were prepared to include a mixture of medium-chain fatty acids and taurine as a digestive/ metabolic enhancer (DME, AQUAGEST®) at 0, 1, 2, and 3 g DME/kg diet and fed to common carp (initial weight, 4.55±0.03 g) for 70 days. Dietary DME significantly increased the final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, and protein efficiency and decreased feed conversion ratio in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The body lipid composition was significantly improved by feeding DME at 2 g/kg diet (P=0.0141). The intestine villus length and the number of goblet cells were significantly increased in fish fed 2 g DME/kg diet (P<0.05). The intestinal villi displayed increased length, branching, and density by supplementing DME to common carp diets. Fish fed DME at 2 g/kg diet displayed markedly decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT ) (P=0.025 and P=0.043) and increased total protein and globulin (P =0.002 and P=0.003). Additionally, fish fed 2 and 3 g DME/kg levels displayed significantly increased albumin levels (P=0.006). Lysozyme and phagocytic activities were increased by feeding DME at 2 g/kg diet, while the phagocytic index increased by 2 and 3 g/kg diet (P<0.05). The optimal supplementation level of DME is 1.63 to 2.05 g/kg for common carp based on the polynomial regression analysis. In conclusion, common carp fed diets with a mixture of medium-chain fatty acids and taurine displayed improved growth, digestion activity, and immune response.


In this paper we study the Fock representation of a certain *-algebra which appears naturally in the framework of quantum group theory. It is also a generalization of the twisted CCR-algebra introduced by Pusz and Woronowicz. We prove that the Fock representation is a faithful irreducible representation of the algebra by bounded operators in a Hilbert space, and, moreover, it is the only (up to unitary equivalence) representation possessing these properties.


The invention discloses an electronic document concentrated preservation and takeout safety management system and method. The system comprises a centralized management module and a takeout management module, as well as a mode conversion module which is arranged between the centralized management module and the takeout management module and used for format conversion of the document between two management modes, wherein the centralized management module comprises a centralized storage server and a management terminal connected with the centralized storage server; the mode conversion module comprises a document separator and a document restorer; and the takeout management module comprises a principal information management device and a user specific KEY disc. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses an electronic document takeout safety management system, and an electronic document concentrated preservation and takeout safety management method. Due to the adoption of invention, integral safety management of document concentrated preservation and individual takeout is realized, the document can be used in an effective controlling and auditing manner, and the unification of safety, practicability, and convenience is achieved.


BACKGROUND
Stroke is a neurological disease caused by a sudden disturbance of cerebral blood flow to the brain, leading to loss of brain function. Recently, accumulating lines of evidence have suggested that dietary enrichment with nutritional antioxidants could reduce brain damage and improve cognitive function. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effects of Apium graveolens, a medicinal plant with putative neuroprotective activity, against oxidative stress-related brain damage, and brain damage due to focal cerebral ischemia-induced inflammation.

METHODS
Male adult Wistar rats were administered with an extract of Apium graveolens orally 14 days before permanent occlusion of their right middle cerebral artery (MCAO). The brain infarct volumes of rats in each group were determined by TTC staining, while the density of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of rats was determined by cresyl violet staining. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the rats were also quantified at the end of the study period.

RESULTS
Our results show that Apium graveolens extract significantly decreased infarct volume and improved neuronal density in the cortex and hippocampus of rats receiving Apium graveolens extract compared to those rats receiving no treatment. This neuroprotective effect was found to occur partly due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.

CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrates that Apium graveolens helps to reduce the severity of cognitive damage caused by focal cerebral ischemia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Choroidal hemorrhage and choroidal effusion are two of the most serious intraoperative complications of cataract surgery. Reported herein is a case of an intraoperative allergic reaction to hyaluronidase (Wydase) used in a retrobulbar injection that caused a similar marked intraoperative increase in posterior pressure. Allergy to this medication is extremely rare and I found only one similar case in the ophthalmic literature. 1 Report of a Case. The patient was a 67-year-old Asian woman who had undergone extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior-chamber lens implantation in the right eye in May 1986. A Van Lint lid block and retrobulbar injection of 2% lidocaine with 0.75% bupivacaine hydrochloride (Marcaine) and hyaluronidase were used during that surgery. The surgery was uneventful, although the patient's orbital architecture caused some difficulty with exposure during the surgery. Cataract surgery for the left eye was subsequently scheduled for April 1991. Because of the patient's orbital anatomy, extreme


The paper puts forward an improved arithmetic for real-time traffic flow detecting. It not only improves the detecting precision but also reduces the amount of code.


Computation with floating point arithmetic is an indispensable task in many VLSI applications and accounts for almost half of the scientific operation. Also adder is the core element of complex arithmetic circuits, in which inputs should be given in standard IEEE 754 format. The main objective of the work is to design and implement a binary to IEEE 754 floating point converter for representing 32 bit single precision floating point values. The converter at the input side of the existing floating point adder/subtractor module helps to improve the overall design. The modules are written using Very High Speed Integrated Circuit(VHSIC) Hardware Description Language (VHDL), and are then synthesized for Xilinx Virtex E FPGA using Xilinx Integrated Software Environment(ISE) design suite 10.1.


This paper presents application of active thermography as a tool for supporting diagnosis of selected dermatological diseases. The cold stress method is used to stimulate human skin and to measure its temperature change in time. Image and data processing techniques are applied to calculate response parameters and plot their spatial distributions (maps). The proposed technique was applied to estimate differences between healthy and unhealthy tissue for patients with psoriasis. Another application concerns detection of regions characterized by different vascularization under the skin. Obtained preliminary results are promising. It was demonstrated that the developed method, after further testing, can be a useful tool to improve the standard diagnostic procedures.


Study Design. Retrospective clinical and radiographic review. Objective. To assess the influence of tight hamstrings on the sagittal alignment of the thoracic and lumbar spine in children with cerebral palsy. Summary of Background Data. It is postulated that tight hamstrings may produce a hypolordosis of the lumbar spine. The abnormal sagittal contour of the spine may lead to increased stresses in the lumbar spine and subsequent pain and disability. This is of special concern in children with cerebral palsy who often have shortened spastic hamstring muscles. Method. Twenty-one patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 9.4 years. Standing and sitting lateral spine films were obtained and the lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis were measured using the Cobb method. The popliteal angle was measured to assess hamstring tightness, such that a large popliteal angle indicates tight hamstrings. Results. We found a statistically significant correlation between the sitting lumbar curve and popliteal angle (Pearson correlation value -0.77, P < 0.01). As the popliteal angle increased, the amount of lumbar lordosis decreased. This correlation was less significant when the patient was standing (Pearson correlation value -0.59). Conclusion. This study demonstrates that there is a correlation between tight hamstrings, as measured by the popliteal angle, and decreasing lumbar lordosis, especially when sitting.


ABSTRACT John Miller, former Hollywood producer and The Asia Foundation's special motion picture officer in Tokyo, spent six months in Korea in 1956. His mission, as a motion picture advisor, was to assist the newly launched Korean Motion Picture Cultural Association (KMPCA). Upon completion of his duty in Korea, Miller composed an exhaustive project report entitled 'The Korean Film Industry'. It was, as Miller himself wrote, 'the first study of its kind … made by either a Korean or a foreigner'. This significant historical record has been forgotten since then. Thanks to The Asia Foundation headquarters' permission, however, Miller's valuable report is finally available to interested readers, students and scholars in the field of Korean cinema.


These journals were highly ranked in the Basic list of veterinary serials, third edition [1]. Journals are shown in rank order within each subject category. 1. Ugaz AG, Boyd CT, Croft VF, Carrigan EE, Anderson KM.


This paper compares fuzzy logic controller with conventional PI controller based direct torque control (DTC) for a wind turbine induction generator set. The voltage controlled gating pulses to inverter are of variable frequency by using carrier based PWM with reference to sinusoidal waveform to achieve desired results. The torque and flux estimation block and speed error control block are the heart for this control system. The analysis is developed by using MATLAB/ SIMULINK. The proposed fuzzy based technique is used to maintain smooth torque transform and maintains desired torque even though there is change in generator speed or vice-versa. The system stability and current extraction can be improved by using FLC than PI controller, even under sudden changes in speed and torque of the machine. The torque ripples were less for both PI and FLC based controller scheme compared to previous techniques. Torque surges due to sudden change in speed of machine can also be minimized by using proposed fuzzy controller scheme. The comparisons of PI with FLC for wind turbine based induction generator were studied under 2 cases, in 1st case, constant generator speed and variable change in wind speed, torque and in the 2nd case, variable speed generator and variable speed of wind.


Good communication skills are the foundations on which a good doctor–patient relationship is established. They have a significant influence on patient satisfaction and are likely to lead to a more satisfying career in medicine. This article is aimed at medical students and trainees in the early stage of their career, and it focuses on the key ingredients of good communication (Table 1).


There are many natural remedies derived from herbs have been used as alternatives to treat kidney stones disease effectively including Euphorbia hirta L. and Orthosiphon stamineus. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of four different extraction solvents of E. hirta and O. stamineus including hexane, methanol, ethyl acetate and water to inhibit the crystallization of calcium oxalate (CaOx) in-vitro. The inhibition of crystallization was studied by using rate of CaOx aggregation assay and was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Cystone was used as positive control. The result showed the best inhibition in aggregation of CaOx was exhibited by hexane extract of E. hirta (95.78%) which had no significant difference with Cystone, and the lowest inhibition was shown by hexane extract of O. stamineus (20% ±). It could be related to the presence of higher amount of alkaloid in hexane extract of E. hirta as compared to other extracts. In conclusion, both of plant extracts showed antiurolithiatic properties by inhibiting the crystallization of calcium oxalate. However, the rate of inhibition for both plants varies depending on the type of solvent used.


Objective To evaluate the application of MMP-9 and other four tumor markers in serum in diagnosing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their correlation with the clinical stage of NSCLC.Methods Using the ELISA method and tumor markers protein chip,the serum levels of MMP-9,CEA,NSE,CA125 and CA19-9 in 73 cases of NSCLC,21 cases of benign pulmonary disease and 16 cases of normal controls were measured and compared among the three groups of the cases.In addition,the sensitivity and specificity of MMP-9,CEA,NSE,CA125 and CA19-9 were evaluated.Results The concentrations of serum MMP-9,CEA,NSE,CA125 and CA19-9 in the patients with NSCLC were significantly higher than those in the group with benign lung disease and in the control group (P0.01).The sensitivity of serum MMP-9 in diagnosing NSCLC was relatively higher.Moreover,the levels of MMP-9 remarkably went up in NSCLC patients with increase in tumor size,lymph node metastasis and clinical stage development (P0.01).Conclusion The serum levels of MMP-9,CEA,NSE,CA125 and CA19-9 were much valuable in diagnosis of NSCLC.Furthermore,the serum MMP-9 would also be a good marker for the invasion,metastasis and status of NSCLC.


We propose a spatial–spectral hyperspectral image classification method based on multiscale superpixels and guided filter (MSS–GF). In order to use spatial information effectively, MSSs are used to get local information from different region scales. Sparse representation classifier is used to generate classification maps for each region scale. Then, multiple binary probability maps are obtained for each of the classification maps. Adding GF denoises the classification results and then improves the classification accuracy. Finally, the class label of each pixel is determined by majority voting rule.


Abstract : Pressure waves generated in a lake (Brighton Dam Reservoir) have been Fourier analyzed with a hydrophone-heterodyne system in the range 0.0 to 125KHz. The frequency spectrum of the sound wave is discussed and compared to that of an explosion. High speed photographs of pressure transients generated in the laboratory are presented and discussed. (Author)


Let G(V,E) be a simple graph,k be a positive integer,f be a mapping from V(G)∪ E(G) to {1,2,…,k}.If uv∈E(G),we would have f(u)≠f(v),f(u)≠f(uv),f(v)≠f(uv),and C(u)≠C(v),where C(u)={f(u)}∪{f(uv)|uv∈E(G)}.Then f would be called the adjacent vertex-distinguishable E-total coloring of G.The minimal number of k would be called the adjacent vertex-distinguishable E-total chromatic number of G.The adjacent vertex-distinguishable E-total chromatic number on the join graph of path and circle was obtained in this paper.


The purpose of the research was to increase understanding of the experiences in the lives of upper elementary-aged students that foster an intrinsic motivation to seek information, as well as to compare and contrast the experiences of intrinsically motivated students from an individualist culture (Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S.), a collectivist culture (Kampala, Uganda) and a culture that is both individualistic and collectivist (Mysore, India). The principal results are that the informants from all three groups had an affinity for play , a tendency toward creativity , and that they enjoyed doing competence-building activities . A point of disparity in the findings was in the information seeking behavior of the collectivist Kampalan students with regard to their penchant for seeking information by asking other people as compared with the two less-collectivist groups. Interest/relevance was the dominant factor in all three groups of students' favorite information seeking quests. Major conclusions are that social conditions supporting all three needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) that foster intrinsic motivation were evident in the lives of the students, though relatedness and autonomy needs were balanced differently depending on their cultures. Recommendations based on this research for elementary school teachers and librarians are: to allow choice when possible, to provide creative alternatives for students to present information, to be sensitive to the differing relational needs of children, and to be there as a stable influence when immigrant students find circumstances overwhelming. Findings on the information-seeking styles by media types of the three sets of informants are included.


Avian Influenza (AI) is an infectious disease on poultry with a high mortality rate, caused by Avian Influenza type A viruses from the family Orthomyxoviridae. For the layer chicken, the negative impacts of AI are the decrease of egg production until the death. The aims of the study were to analyze disease's case data, measure the spread of disease, describe the distribution of disease, and mapping the risk of AI occurrence. The data were collected from the records of Dinas Peternakan dan Perkebunan by conducting interviews using the structured questionnaires. The data were analysed by calculating the incidence rate and performing a geographic information system (GIS) for mapping. The results showed that the highest incidence rate among sub-districts for 3 years was in Mattiro Sompe sub-district of 2.015 cases per 10.000 animals-year, while the lowest incidence rate among 3 sub-districts for 3 years was in Duampanua, Lanrisang, and Mattiro Bulu sub-districts of 0 case per 10.000 animals-year. The highrisk district was Mattiro Sompe Subdistrict, so that the control measures need to be emphasized in this area by increasing the biosecurity practices, depopulation and stamping out in new infected area, vaccination, surveillance, routine socialization, monitoring, and provide additional animal health facilities and human resources, especially the veterinarians, to optimize the disease control measures.

Keywords: Avian Influenza (AI), incidence rate, layer chicken, Pinrang district


C58 [7] let us envisage that the chemistry of Xe with oxygen at extreme conditions could be flourishing. We have thus explored the reactivity of Xe with water up to 80 GPa by using a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell combined with in situ xray diffraction measurements. Formation of a compound is indeed observed at conditions that could occur in the interiors of ice-rich giant planets Uranus and Neptune. To complement the x-ray diffraction data, theoretical calculations have been carried out to determine the molecular structure of the newly found compound. These results hence add another example of noble gas sequestration in giant planets, as recently proposed for Ne [8].


Let C(S) be the cone of Perron-Frobenius eigenvectors of stochastic matrices that dominate a fixed substochastic matrix S. For each 0 ≤ α ≤ 1, it is shown that if u and v are in C(S) then so is w, where w j = u j α v j 1−α


In the state of New South Wales, standardised assessment procedures for the reexamination of the competence to drive for individuals with cognitive impairment are not available. This study aims to validate a neuropsychological test battery used by Port Kembla Rehabilitation Team and the Illawarra Brain Injury Service. It is proposed that validation of this battery of neuropsychological tests can represent the first step toward standardisation. The first aim of this study was to examine the relationship between neuropsychological tests and driving outcome by comparing the results of the neuropsychological tests to two on-road driving outcomes. The second aim was to investigate the role of executive functions in predicting driving performance. The third aim was to explore the role of anxiety on driving behaviour. Specifically, the hypotheses were: (i) a relationship exists between the neuropsychological test battery and driving test outcome, and that the results of the battery can predict the total number of interventions and pass/fail measures of the onroad driving test; (ii) executive function tests will significantly predict of the total number of interventions and pass/fail measures of the on-road driving test; (iii) anxiety is the consequence rather than the cause of poor driving performance for individuals with cognitive impairment. One hundred and four individuals with cognitive impairment were administered 10 neuropsychological tests, and 35 were given anxiety measures before and after an on-road driving test. Correlation analyses showed a relationship between most of the neuropsychological tests and the driving outcome measures. Standard multiple regression


OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of anti-senile on the Polygonum miltiflorum Thunb. of the different steamed times in subacute senile rats. METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into ten groups. The Polygonum miltiflorum Thunb. by steamed without adjuvant group and 0,2,4,6,8,10 h of the Polygonum miltiflorum Thunb. by steamed with bean groups,and continuous for 42 days later,AChE activities of brain and CAT activities of serum,liver or brain were assayed. RESULTS After injection of D-galactose,the activities of AChE were increased by the Polygonum miltiflorum Thunb. of the different steamed times with bean groups,and the activities of CAT were decreased. CONCLUSION The Polygonum miltiflorum Thunb. of the different steamed times has a obvious anti-senile effects. However,10 h of the Polygonum miltiflorum Thunb. by steamed with bean was the best steamed time.


A potential upgrade for the fron signal digitization, and data acquisition syste central hadron calorimeter for the High L Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is described. A being built to readout a slice of the TileCal d system. The on-detector electronics includes Front-end Boards for processing the PMT signa for data digitization and slow controls, 4 Daug high speed optical links to interface the ondetector electronics. Two new ReadOut Driver for off-detector data acquisition and preproc trigger signals. The ATLAS Tile Calorimeter on-detect placed in "drawers" at the back of each of 256 Each drawer services up to 48 photomultiplier readout system is designed to replace the presen exceed component lifetime and radiation tolera it incompatible with continued use into the HL-L With the Demonstrator, we are preparing te of the components needed for the full upgrade that one drawer of the new electronics will b detector for the LHC RUN 2 in 2014. For system will maintain the current analog trigge us to acquire experience and to study in det trigger scheme without compromising the prese


The method to design the digital system through programmable logic devices—CPLD and hardware description language—VHDL and the advantages of the application of CPLD in the circuit design are introduced and then the differences are mainly analyzed between applying CPLD and applying the traditional integrated circuit.The CPLD design is based on the CMOS chip and is a kind of method from top to bottom.The text gives a design example of hardware and software in the keyboard scanning.


Ischemic stroke is arguably the most feared complication of atrial fibrillation. While warfarin has been the most effective pharmacologic treatment for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, several limitations have led to its underutilization. Recently, dabigatran (Pradaxa), a new oral anticoagulant with several potential advantages over warfarin (Coumadin), became available for use in the United States for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patient with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.


Data show a rather substantial amount of ambient noise in the ocean in the frequency region from several hundred Hz to 1 kHz. Emission in this frequency band from isolated oscillating bubbles appears to require unrealistically large bubbles. It is proposed that the noise is produced by bubble clouds (caused, e.g., by wave breaking) oscillating in a collective mode. It is shown that a cloud of N equal bubbles has a lowest collective mode at a frequency of the order of N−1/3 times the natural frequency of each bubble in isolation. A mathematical model for the description of the process is set up and preliminary results are discussed.


The impressed current type of cathodic protection was evaluated for controlling fo marine concrete structures as follows: (1) To establish criteria of cathodic protection on marine concrete structures; (2) To develop a system that can distribute current uniformly to all reinforcement; (3) To investigate the over-protection problem that effects the bonding of reinforcement and the durability of anode material. The application of the cathodic protection system for the rehabilitation of a harbor concrete structure in Japan was also examined.


The 3-(arylhydrazono)methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalines 1a-e and 2a-i showed tautomeric equilibria between the hydrazone imine A and diazenyl enamine B forms in dimethyl sulfoxide media. The sub-stituent effects on the tautomer ratios of A to B in compounds 1a-e and 2a-i were studied by the nmr spec-troscopy. The electron-donating or electron-withdrawing p-substituents R1 in compounds 2a-i represented a tendency to increase the ratios of the tautomer A or the tautomer B, respectively, exhibiting the linear correlation of the Hammett constants σp (-0.17 to +0.78) with the tautomer ratios of A to B or the tautomeric equilibrium constants KT. However, the presence of the ester group R2 in compounds 1a-e induced the exclusive existence of the tautomer A regardless of the nature of the p-substituents R1. In the tautomeric thermodynamic study, the elevating temperature increased the ratios of the hydrazone imine tautomer A in compounds 2a-i. The tautomeric thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were derived from the van't Hoff plots for compounds 2a,b,h,i, wherein the entropy term dominated the free-energy difference between the A and B tautomers.


The Affordable Care Act includes an individual mandate whereby persons are required to carry health insurance. This mandate will bring currently uninsured persons into the insurance pool. The uninsured are a heterogeneous group that includes persons with diverse risk preferences. It is important, therefore, to understand the role risk preference plays in (1) the likelihood of being uninsured and (2) the health care expenditures. Using the recently available data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), we analyse eight years of US data using multivariate regression and quantify the role of risk preference in insurance and expenditure equations. The results provide evidence that a person with high risk preference is less likely to hold health insurance, and spends less on healthcare even when controlling for insurance.


BACKGROUND
Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) has been developed as a novel ancillary tool for the bronchoscopic diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. Despite successful navigation in 90% of patients, ENB diagnostic yield does not generally exceed 70%. We sought to determine whether the presence of a bronchus sign on CT imaging conditions diagnostic yield of ENB and might account for the discrepancy between successful navigation and diagnostic yield.

METHODS
We conducted a prospective, single-center study of ENB in 51 consecutive patients with pulmonary nodules. ENB was chosen as the least invasive diagnostic technique in patients with a high surgical risk, suspected metastatic disease, or advanced-stage disease, or in those who demanded a preoperative diagnosis prior to undergoing curative resection. We studied patient and technical variables that might condition diagnostic yield, including size, cause, location, distance to the pleural surface, and fluorodeoxyglucose uptake of a given nodule; the presence of a bronchus sign on CT imaging; registration point divergence; and the minimum distance from the tip of the locatable guide to the nodule measured during the procedure.

RESULTS
The diagnostic yield of ENB was 67% (34/51). The sensitivity and specificity of ENB for malignancy in this study were 71% and 100%, respectively. ENB was diagnostic in 79% (30/38) patients with a bronchus sign on CT imaging but only in 4/13 (31%) with no discernible bronchus sign. Univariate analysis identified the bronchus sign (P = .005) and nodule size (P = .04) as statistically significant variables conditioning yield, but on multivariate analysis, only the bronchus sign remained significant (OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 1.8-31.7). No procedure-related complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONS
ENB diagnostic yield is highly dependent on the presence of a bronchus sign on CT imaging.


Breast cancer ranks second of all malignancies in the world (1.38 million, 10.9%), only behind lung cancer. According to publications, more than a million of cases are diagnosed around the world, which cause 548,000 deaths in women. In Mexico, breast cancer mortality rate is 14.9 deaths per 100,000 women aged 25 years. The 60% of women who die are between 30 and 59 years old. Etiology of this disease is unknown, however, it is considered to be a multifactorial disease. Although genetic factors have been identified as BRCA-1 and 2, and it is reported that 15-20% of patients with this cancer have a family history, nowadays, the genes responsible have not been identified, and the largest percentage of women with this cancer are sporadic cases. Therefore, the study of genetic variants hampering cell bioenergetics and molecular biology of the tumor, are of major importance for understanding sporadic breast cancer and the consequent development of therapeutic strategies. There are descriptions of a wide variety of mitochondrial disorders associated with breast cancer. The objective of this paper is to review these factors.


With the birth of social networks within the internet, the way in which users interact with each other has been modified, including companies and businesses throughout the world, creating a new way of reaching people, therefore, of showing products and services of any kind, more when they are programmed in actions or communication strategies. In Cuba, with the access to technologies such as nauta hogar and the development by companies of equipment to improve the network, a new world is opened for the use of these in terms of promotion, so that in this work we want to show how necessary and useful social networks can be for the promotion of all kinds.


We publish the private letter by Ivan Vasilyevich Bazhenov, a teacher of the Kostroma Theological Seminary, to General Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseev, written shortly after the October Revolution of 1917. In the letter Bazhenov defends the need to establish a military dictatorship in Russia and conduct mass terror against supporters of Soviet power and Jews.


The article deals with the ethnic and cultural development of traditional and electronic media in the territory of Tuva at the end of the 20th beginning of the 21st centuries. Cultural and historical processes are largely connected with information exchange, which contributed to the development of ethnic-cultural information determined by the resource-information environment created by social and cultural memory. In the ethnic-cultural historical memory the mnemonic codes of information created information environment that in some way correlates with the mnemonic content of oral and written text-sources. The main components, which make up ethno-informational culture are text, ideographic, machine-readable, auditory, electronic, etc. The potential opportunities for ethnic and cultural information of Tuva are defined by the resource and information environment created by social and cultural memory. Cultural and historical memory of Tuva appears as a complex socio-cultural formation, which includes municipal and public profiles of cultural institutions, museums, archives, libraries, socially set standards and other institutional forms of organization. The resources structure of information culture depends on the sociocultural structure of memory. Institutional structures of cultural heritage themselves are an essential resources element of the information cultural environment from the legislative framework ensuring the legitimacy of cultural space, to common standards of conduct in relation to ethnic-cultural historical monuments of architecture and art of the Republic. Memory of the cultural area of the Republic presents a complex information system, where there are special laws of conservation, reconsideration, and reproduction of information about the past. Ethnic-cultural information development permeates all aspects of human life from the basics of material production to the needs of people. It affects all spheres of public and personal life work, family life, leisure, style, mentality, way of life of the individual and the society, etc. Its importance in the formation and development of human life is manifested through the action of such subjective factors as the installation of consciousness, spiritual needs, values, ideals, etc., that affects the behaviour, shape and style of communication of an ethnicity.


In the developed world and in developing countries in high socioeconomic group, the changing pattern of becoming pregnant at an advanced age can be attributed to various reasons. The reason could be changes in the structure of family with more late marriages or remarriages, women's pursuit of higher education, carrier advancement, and advances in assisted reproductive technique and availability of effective and safe contraceptives. But in developing countries, the scenario is different in low socio economic group. The women tend to become pregnant at advanced age due to concept of large family size, sometimes desire for male child and moreover due to lack of knowledge of availability of effective contraception. Current evidence suggests a strong association with increased risk of miscarriage, chromosomal abnormalities, spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, preterm delivery, prolonged labour, low birth weight, intrauterine fetal death, pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational diabetes and delivery by caesarean section. In this study, our endeavour would be to evaluate maternal and perinatal outcome in elderly pregnant women. ABSTRACT


The optical power penalty (OPP) due to the artificial light interference (ALI) can influence the performance of the Visible Light Communications (VLC) system significantly. In this paper, a de-noising scheme based on band-pass filter is achieved in a voice-transmission VLC experiment system and it was proved a effective scheme to improve the quality of the transmission significantly


Eighty Angus × Hereford crossbred weanling heifers (548 lb) were used in a 2×2 factorial experiment to evaluate dietary energy concentration (NEg .51 vs .61 Mcal/lb) and intake restriction (to produce 1.25 and 2.0 lb/d gain). Intake of the diets (corn corn silage based; 14% CP) was adjusted every 2 weeks. Steer counterparts to the heifers were used in a 2×3 factorially arranged digestion experiment using the same treatments with an additional ad libitum intake level. There were no interactions between energy content and level of restriction. Heifers fed the higher energy diet maintained equal daily gain on 9.7% less (P<.004) feed, the probable result of higher (P<.0001) OM digestibility. Feed efficiency was improved 6.3% (P=.14) for heifers fed the higher energy diet. NRC (1984) energy equations underpredicted rate of gain of 1.25 and 2.0 lb/d by 24.6 and 7.7%, respectively, probably as a result of enhanced (P<.05) nutrient digestibility at the more restricted intake. Puberty (based on serum progesterone) was not influenced by treatment. Limitfeeding grain to produce replacement heifers appears practical when harvested forages are scarce and(or) high-priced.


The Circumnuclear Disk (CND) is a torus of dust and molecular gas rotating about the galactic centre and extending from approximately 1.6pc to 7pc from the central massive black hole, SgrA*. Large Velocity Gradient modelling of the intensities of the HCN 1-0, 3-2 and 4-3 transitions is used to infer hydrogen density and HCN optical depth. From HCN observations we find the molecular hydrogen density ranges from 0.1 to 2 $\times$ 10$^{6}$ cm$^{-3}$, about an order of magnitude less than inferred previously. The 1-0 line is weakly inverted with line-centre optical depth approx $-$0.1, in stark contrast to earlier estimates of 4. The estimated mass of the ring is approximately 3 $-$ 4 $\times$ 10$^{5}$M$_{\odot}$ consistent with estimates based on thermal dust emission. The tidal shear in the disk implies that star formation is not expected to occur without some significant triggering event.


The generalized even and odd coheren t states (E-O CSs) of a finite-dimensional space non-harmonic oscillator are c onstructed,and their nonclassical properties are studied by numerical method.It is found that,compare to a infinite-dimensional space,with the dimensions numbe r reducing,the unusual squeezing phenomenon is seaken in both generalized E-O C Ss,the unusual antibunching phenomenon in generalized ECSs is enhanced.And the range of appearing unusual antibunching phenomenon is reduced but the degree of antibunching effect is enhanced in generalized OCSs.


The design of a stable and reliable passively mode-locked laser cavity with Thulium doped fiber is a challenge especially due to its large saturation power owing to a shorter metastable lifetime. In this work, we investigate the influence of various cavity parameters on the stable mode-locked operation of a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) based passively mode-locked Thulium doped fiber laser through numerical modelling. Specifically, we present a detailed study on the effect of the repetition rate, modulation depth, saturation fluence, and damage threshold of the saturable absorber, quality factor of the laser cavity, bandwidth of the passive reflector, and gain medium characteristics on stable operation of a passively mode-locked fiber laser. Experimental results are also presented to validate the key aspects of the simulation.


The tool described in this paper aims at evaluating the effectiveness of software-implemented fault-tolerant techniques used in safety-critical systems. The target application is stressed with the injection of transient or permanent faults. The user can therefore observe the real behaviour of the application in presence of a fault, and, if necessary, take the appropriate countermeasures. The accent is put on the extreme easiness of the use and the portability on all UNIX platforms.


We propose a V-shape PSF generated from double axicon lenses in the collection path of wide-field microscopes for 3D high-resolution imaging with an extended depth of field.


Abstract. The effects of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (lovastatin or simvastatin) and gemfibrozil treatment on low density lipoprotein (LDL) density distribution and composition were studied in male patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) (n = 17) or non‐familial hypercholesterolaemia (non‐FH) (n = 14). In FH patients the HMG CoA reductase inhibitors reduced 'light' LDL particles (density 1.022–1.033 g ml−1) significantly more than 'heavy' LDL (density 1.033–1.059 g ml−1), while a more uniform reduction of 'light' and 'heavy' LDL occurred in non‐FH patients. HMG CoA reductase inhibitor treatment increased the apolipoprotein B (apoB) content and decreased the cholesterol/apoB ratio of LDL in FH patients. Gemfibrozil significantly reduced 'heavy' LDL but not the 'light' LDL fraction in both FH and non‐FH patients, and the mean cholesteryl ester content of LDL increased, while the Tg content decreased, in both FH and non‐FH patients. The results indicate that HMG CoA reductase inhibitor and gemfibrozil treatment have distinctly different effects on the physico‐chemical properties of LDL, reflecting their different modes of action on lipoprotein metabolism.


We demonstrate the feasibility of optically demodulating and processing the output produced by an interferometric fiber sensor. A technique for providing the time filtering of an optical signal in the optical domain based on the use of a doped fiber section is reported.


The Space Station Freedom Program (SSFP) has undergone major design changes within the last year due to reduced budget appropriations imposed by Congress. This paper outlines the impacts of the design changes on the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS), with emphasis on the system aspects of the ECLSS. Brief descriptions of design impacts to all six ECLSS subsystems are provided in addition to interactions with other distributed systems such as Data Management, Electrical Power, and Man Systems. The assembly sequence for SSF is addressed with emphasis on key flights with respect to the ECLSS.


In October, 1925 the government of the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR attempted to include the republic in the scope of activity of the Commission for the scientific study of Mongolia under the auspices of the Council of the People's Commissars of the USSR. On the basis of archival sources from the funds of the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia the author exposes a knot of geopolitical factors behind this attempt. Thus, in their striving to get into the scope of activities of an international commission for studying the country within the geopolitical interest zone of the USSR the leaders of Buryat-Mongolia attempted to inflate the status of their national autonomy in the eyes of central government and secure governmental funding for the solution of acute regional socio-economic problems. In the scientific agenda of Buryat-Mongolia included into the scope of activities of the Commission in late 1925 there was a definite prevalence of eugenic studies. Based on the example of the 1931 Buryat-Mongolian anthropological expedition and a number of earlier scientific and medical ventures the author seeks to explain the topicality of racial and eugenic studies in that period and provides a connection not only with internal social problems of Buryat-Mongolia, but also with the wider context of global eugenic theories.