Background Epilepsy in young children should always be considered as a symptom of an underlying brain disease. Parents and caregivers often asked whether the seizures can be controlled and whether the epilepsy will affect the child development. Objective To find out risk factors influencing the outcomes in infants with epilepsy. Methods This was a retrospective study on infants aged 1 month until 12 months with recurrent epileptic seizures. We looked for the risk factors as sex, types of medication, age at onset of seizure, epilepsy syndrome, etiology of epilepsy, history of neonatal seizure, first EEG features, and type of seizure for the last 6 month-period. The outcomes evaluated were controlled seizure and developmental status. Results Hundred forty infants with epilepsy were reviewed, consisted of 84 (60%) infants with symptomatic epilepsy, and 56 (40%) infants categorized as idiopathic. Forty-six (33%) infants had controlled seizure, while 94 (67%) infants had uncontrolled seizure. Abnormal developmental status was found in 75 infants (54%). Abnormal developmental status was more found in infants with polytherapy, age at onset of 1-4 months, symptomatic epilepsy, positive remote symptomatic, history of neonatal seizure, abnormality of first EEG, and uncontrolled seizure. Uncontrolled seizure of epilepsy was more found in infants with polytherapy, early age at onset (1-4 month old), symptomatic epilepsy, positive remote symptomatic, history of neonatal seizure, and abnormality of first EEG. Conclusion Our data indicate that classifying syndrome of epilepsy through diagnostic screening and age of onset are important to determine the outcomes.


Creep settlement is an important aspect to consider where development is planned over deep compacted fill. This paper presents a case study of an earthworks design for infilling a quarry pit with sandstone and shale derived material and a comparison of predicted and monitored creep settlements. Laboratory testing was carried out during filling to assess the creep characteristics of available infilling materials. Based on the laboratory testing the influence of saturation on creep rates is discussed. Settlement monitoring points across the infilled quarry were monitored for up to 455 days. Predicted creep rates based on the results of the testing are compared with predictions based on monitoring. Monitored settlements within a few years of fill placement were variable and substantially greater than predictions based on the laboratory testing. Longer term monitoring data indicates that settlements are likely to be less than predictions based on laboratory testing. The results suggest that predictions over 3...


The article describes a comparative analysis of the features of moral and volitional qualities of male juvenile convicts and adolescents with law-abiding behavior. A multifactorial approach to understanding the determinants of delinquent behavior of minors is presented. The empirical study involved 40 teenagers (15 male juvenile convicts of the Federal Penitentiary Institution «Kolpinskaya educational Colony» of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region and 25 teenagers with law-abiding behavior of GBOU No. 604 and No. 335 of the Pushkin district of St. Petersburg. Research methods: test questionnaire INCL (Volitional qualities of personality) (O.L. Eremkin, I.I. Kuptsov, 1997); author's methodology «The level of development of moral qualities of personality» (T.V. Pivovarova, I.I. Kuptsov); «Self-assessment of personality» S.A. Budassi in the author's modification (study of moral and volitional qualities of personality). The study revealed differences in moral and volitional qualities among juvenile convicts and adolescents with law-abiding behavior. Differences in the understanding of volitional qualities and the expression of moral ones are established. Adolescents with law-abiding behavior in comparison with juvenile convicts demonstrate more flexible behavior, greater expression of empathy. Conclusions are formulated about the basics of correctional work on the formation and development of moral and volitional qualities in juvenile convicts.


Abstract This paper examines the treatment of literary humor. Attardo has extended the SSTH/GTVH (Raskin 1985; Attardo and Raskin 1991) to longer humorous literary texts, not simply sequences of jokes (Attardo 2001; Attardo et al. 2002). While the GTVH knowledge resources may be the necessary conditions for the presence of textual humor, I maintain that they are insufficient to completely describe the humor of any literary text. Literary texts do have the formal properties of all texts, but they are also art, and as such resist purely formal interpretation and description. To reduce literary art to linguistic formalisms would be deeply disturbing; therefore, the linguistic method should, at a certain point in the analysis, be supplemented by the literary method. This assertion is supported by the discovery of humor enhancers in humorous texts, which condition the reader for humor reception, thus enhancing humor while containing no discernible script opposition. These enhancers are both outside of Raskin's formal description of humor and Attardo's formal description of textual content. Subscribing to Raskin's theory of limited applications and recognizing Attardo's ability to push the GTVH into literary analysis, I suggest that literary humor is best treated by its own theory and propose the enhancers as its components.


Given a free Abelian group of finite rank, canonical subgroup matrices are defined with respect to an arbitrary but fixed basis of , which uniquely determine all subgroups of of finite index. The use of these matrices allows the classification of all subgroups of fixed finite index. An application is made in the construction of the intersection group and the union group of two arbitrary subgroups of finite index and upper and lower bounds on the index of these groups are found. Physical applications occur for rank three in the systematic symmetry analysis of domain structures, which appear in structural phase transitions in solids.


We analyse the evolution over time and the determinants of corporate liquidity in Italy for the period 2002–2015 using a very large sample of firms (about 460 thousands per year on average) and including many that are small and unlisted. We document a substantial increase in cash holdings since 2011. This rise is shown to be mainly related to macro factors common to all firms. Among these macro factors, a strong correlation emerges with the lower opportunity cost of holding cash, as measured by the interest rate decline. We also assess the role of cash determinants at the firm level, relating them to different motives for holding cash, such as precautionary reasons, transaction costs, and the effects of information asymmetries in financial markets. Among firm-specific factors, the liquidity rise was initially linked primarily to the fall in investment and then to improved cash flows and enhanced deleveraging.


Bioinspired 1+2D nanoarchitectures inspired by the quasi-ordered structures occurring in photonic nano-architectures of biological origin, like for example butterfly scales, were produced by depositing a layer of SiO2 nanospheres (156 nm and 292 nm in diameter) on Si wafers, over which a regular multilayer composed from three alternating layers of SiO2 and TiO2 was deposited by physical vapor deposition. Flat multilayers were deposited in the same run on oxidized Si (324 nm SiO2 thickness) for comparison. Different types of disorder (in plane and out of plane) were purposefully allowed in the 1+2D nanoarchitectures. The positions of the specular reflection maxima for the flat multilayer and for the two different bioinspired nanoarchitectures were found to be similar. Additionally to this, the bioinspired nanoarchitectures exhibited angle independent diffuse reflection too, which was absent in the flat multilayer. Different model calculations were made to explain the specular and diffuse optical properties...


The top quark is considered to be the most sensitive to the new physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) because it is the heaviest available particle of the Standard Model (SM). If the BSM is associated with the mass generation, the top quark interactions will be sensitive to the mechanism of dynamical symmetry breaking. The precise measurement of the couplings between SM bosons and fermions provides powerful tool for the search of the BSM physics. The effects of new physics on the top quark couplings are expected to be larger than that on any other fermions, and deviations with respect to the SM predictions might be detectable[1]. A possible anomalous tqV (V = g, γ, Z and q = u, c) couplings can be generated through a dynamical mass generation [2]. They have a similar chiral structure as the mass terms, and the presence of these couplings would be interpreted as signals of new interactions. This motivates the study of top quarks' flavour changing neutral current (FCNC) couplings at present and future colliders. Current experimental constraints at 95% C.L. on the anomalous top quark couplings are [3]: BR(t→ γu) < 0.0132 and BR(t→ γu) < 0.0059 from HERA; BR(t→ γq) < 0.041 from LEP and BR(t → γq) < 0.032 from CDF. The HERA has much higher sensitivity to uγt than cγt due to more favorable parton density: the best limit is obtained from the ZEUS experiment. The top quarks will be produced in large numbers at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), therefore the couplings of the top quark can be probed with a great precision. For a luminosity of 1 fb−1 (100 fb−1) the expected ATLAS sensitivity to the top quark FCNC decay is BR(t→ qγ) ∼ 10−3(10−4) [4, 5]. The production of top quarks by FCNC interactions at hadron colliders has been studied in [6], e+e−colliders in [2, 7] and lepton-hadron collider in [2, 8]. LHC will give an opportunity to probe BR(t→ ug) down to 5× 10−3 [10]; ILC/CLIC has the potential to probe BR(t→ qγ) down to 10−5 [11]. The linac-ring type colliders present the sole realistic way to TeV scale in lepton-hadron collisions [12] and advantage to construct γp colliders on their basis [13]. Recently this opportunity is widely discussed in the framework of the LHeC project [14]. Two stages of the LHeC are considered: QCD Explorer (Ee = 50−100 GeV) and Energy Frontier (Ee > 250 GeV). First stage is mandatory for two reasons: to provide precision PDF's for adequate interpretation of LHC data and to enlighten fundamentals of QCD. The potential of LHeC based γp collider to search for anomalous top quark interactions has been investigated[9]. The effective Lagrangian involving anomalous tγq (q = u, c) interactions is given by [10].


Who are the peoples in barriers of time and distance issues, those kinds of peoples can't achieve their expectation in education. Therefore, we have developed a system for addressing to give a great chance to learn online with more facilities with the use of server configuration. The remainder of this document describes the functional requirements of the Virtual Academy in detail, including descriptions of the individual modules, integration points between existing modules and high-level scope of new modules to be developed specifically for the Virtual Academy.


N.M.'s book is the first published monograph to explore the Moon in Graeco-Roman antiquity from an epistemological perspective, as a topic of inquiry, knowledge and fantasy. Drawing from a widely varied Greek and Latin corpus, N.M. elucidates the relevance of the Moon in ancient intellectual history through several key notions such as the Moon's essential hybridity, liminal aspect, ambiguous truth-status or its function as a remote world and viewpoint. The book is divided into three parts, investigating respectively the Moon in the 'mythic', 'scientific' and 'fantastic' imagination; those categories' unfortunately loose definition is somewhat compensated by an awareness of their extreme fluidity. The six chapters follow a roughly chronological order, from the Archaic period to Lucian and eventually modern times. Part 1 consists of a single chapter, 'The Moon in Ritual, Myth and Magic'. Under this rather vague title lies an interesting review of representations of the Moon and the Moon-goddess in archaic literature. In epic poetry (Homer, Hesiod) Selene's chariot, along with Helios', embodies cyclical time; in lyric poetry (Alcman, Sappho, Corinna) she plays a part in nocturnal religious rituals within a choral tradition of partheneia or maiden-songs. In many contexts she is thus associated with fertility and the feminine gender; more specifically, Selene, whose lover is the eternal sleeper Endymion, is symbolic of the female desirous gaze, which partly accounts for the frequently encountered Moon-mirror analogy. Desire and sight are also two crucial aspects of the Moon's involvement in erotic spells, magic tricks (such as 'drawing down' the Moon) and ultimately in a dialectic between beliefs and scepticism. Part 2 is the longest section, consisting of three chapters. Chapter 2, 'Making Sense of the Moon', deals with the Presocratics' hypotheses concerning the shape and nature of the Moon as well as the origin of its light, phases and eclipses. As early as the sixth century BCE the Moon is no longer exclusively a goddess, but also a celestial body that corresponds to various artefact metaphors (ring, chariot wheel, felt cap, vessel, mirror); in contrast to its unchanging reality, the variations in its appearance cast doubt on the reliability of sensory perception. One of the main focuses of this chapter is the emergence of heliophotism: by describing the Moon as an eye that reflects the Sun's light, this groundbreaking theory is closely connected with both catoptrics and optics (particularly intromissionist and reflective theories). N.M. shows how this cosmological revolution ends up shaping the Moon as a world and giving birth to lunar metaphysics, according to which this essentially liminal space is inhabited by daimones or by the souls of the dead. Chapter 3, 'Life on the Moon', is therefore concerned with lunar creatures in ancient literature, from the Pythagoreans to Aristotle, Callimachus and even the pseudo-Plutarchan On rivers. Ancient astrobiology pictured extra-terrestrial beings as superior, incorporeal and extremophile, with extraordinary or even inexistent food and excretions. N.M. argues that such theories were rooted in observation and rational theories, even in the case of specific creatures that were reputed to have fallen from the Moon, such as Helen of Troy or the Nemean lion. From revisionist accounts of Helen's elopement to aetiologies of the Nemean games and etymological wordplays, these tales ranged from the THE CLASSICAL REVIEW 679


The irradiance plotted as function of time to ignition for wood materials tested in the Cone Calorimeter (ASTM E1354) differs signiticantly from that tested in the Lateral Ignition and Flame spread Test (LIFT) apparatus (ASTM E1321). This difference in piloted ignitabilty is primarily due to the difference in forced convective cooling of the specimen tested in both apparatus. By calibrating for the convective heat transfer coefficient and using appropriate heat conduction analysis of the test data for both apparatus, similar values were derived for the following thermophysical properties: surface emissivity, surface ignition temperature, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity. This paper reports on results with tongue & groove boards of clear grade redwood.


We study how a bias voltage changes magnetic exchange interactions. We derive a general expression for magnetic exchange interactions for systems coupled to reservoirs under a bias potential, and apply it to spin valves. We find that for metallic systems, the interlayer exchange coupling shows a weak, oscillatory dependence on the bias potential. For tunneling systems, we find a quadratic dependence on the bias potential, and derive an approximate expression for this bias dependence for a toy model. We give general conditions for when the interlayer exchange coupling is a quadratic function of bias potential.


Mechanical characterization of soft tissue plays a critical role in applications such as automated surgery, disease diagnosis and tissue engineering. Soft tissue is often modeled as an isotropic incompressible and hyperelastic material. However, it is well known that viscoelasticity plays an important role in determining the response of soft tissue to mechanical loads [1]. This work is concerned with the development of hyperviscoelastic models of soft tissue in general and liver tissue in particular. Experimental studies in uniaxial compression are conducted on bovine liver tissue at strain rates between 0.001 s−1 and 0.04 s−1. The response of liver tissue is modeled using the continuum mechanics framework using an exponential form of the strain energy function.© 2007 ASME


Knowledge classification is a key step to establish enterprise knowledge bases. The business process oriented knowledge classification method is the most efficient way to integrate knowledge management and business process systems. The method is also oriented by knowledge application optimization. There are two phases, first of all, enterprise knowledge and business process pattern sets are expressed and built by meta-knowledge, then we search knowledge related to them by pattern match algorithms. Empirical works have proved this method is well-operated, and when enterprise meta-knowledge is precise enough, the accuracy of classification is well-acceptable in practice conditions.


The work develops the models of two principal diffusional transformations in high-chromium iron alloys on continuous cooling, viz. precipitation of secondary carbides (Cr, Fe)7C3 from aus-tenite and pearlitic decomposition of the latter. Literature experimental data for alloys of various composi-tion were used for analysis. Chemical composition of austenite by the end of austenitizing holding was de-termined using previously developed models, and then the exact expression describing isothermal precipita-tion of carbides from supercooled austenite was found based on the general equation following from the ki-netic theory of phase transformations. It was found out that the time exponent n in that expression equals to 3/2, which corresponds to the case of preferred precipitation of very fine carbide particles. For transition to the continuous cooling condition the C-curve of isothermal carbide precipitation was approximated by a square parabola. This permitted to find the relation between cooling rate and the amount of precipitated car-bide phase by means of the Scheil–Steinberg integral. Further comparison with the experimentally observed increase of martensitic point allowed to determine the numerical parameters of the model and their depend-ence on carbide composition of a given alloy. For the pearlitic transformation, a previously developed mod-el describing the parameters of temperature dependence of the Avrami equation coefficients on austenite composition was employed. That model was generalized for the continuous cooling case in the same was as above. As a result, CCT diagrams of diffusional austenite transformations in high-chromium alloys were calculated, that in general corresponded well the experimental ones.


The unmodelled troposphere is a limiting but crucial factor in achieving high-precision positioning solutions for dual-frequency GPS observables. Typically, the effect is minimal in a relative positioning scenario when the baseline length is short enough, e.g. less than 10 km. However, when there is strong tropospheric anomaly, the effect will not be nominal and the GNSS solution will have a much reduced precision. As the troposphere and resultant height component are both zenith dependent, the problem exists of how to correctly de-correlate those two parameters in order to achieve better coordinate solutions especially in vertical component. There are many different approaches to solve the typical ill-conditioned case such as an orthogonal transformation. One of the innovative ways to de-correlate those parameters, proposed in this research, is to use different weighting parameters either on the troposphere or on the height component. This methodology can be realized as GPS signals can be separated in two different components: frequency-dependent and frequencyindependent realm. The troposphere is of the frequencyindependent domain in GPS signals, and this characteristic is to be further used as a weighting scheme through the residual analysis. The only assumption when using this method is that the both L1 and L2 observables are made available from a dual frequency receiver. To examine the feasibility of this method, anomalous data collected in Southern Texas, USA, on August 21, 2005 over a baseline length of around 7.8 km is reprocessed. Consequently, the positioning solution from the new proposed parameter is tested, evaluated, and compared with that from the conventional estimation method. In this paper, we have examined the feasibility of our proposed method whether it also is resistant to the anomalous tropospheric case or not. By using this methodology for the tropospheric delay mitigation, positioning improvement can be achieved in 20% in the vertical component. In addition, degradation of the vertical component due to the tropospheric anomaly is significantly reduced.


This article analyses the role of trie German immigrants in the industrial developmen! of Valdivia between 1850 and 19)4. This group managed to organise an important group of modern factories dedicated mainly to the transformation of agricultural and forestry products into manufactured or semi-manufactured goods. They were also sucessful in placing their production in the local, national and international markets, making Valdivia an important port for the export of industrial products. The establishment of the factory system in Valdivia extended the use of two of its principal characteristics: the division of labor and wage payments in cash.


[Objective] The aim of the research was to study the sensitivity of Medicago sativa L leaves to kanamycin in the period of callus induction and differentiation.[Method] Effect of kanamycin on callus formation of M.sativa leaves was confirmed and its effect on callus differentiation was also ascertained based on callus formation.[Result] Different concentrations of kanamycin had some restraining effects on callus inducement and differentiation in M.sativa leaves,and the restraining effect enhanced along with the rising concentration of kanamycin.The sensitivity of kanamycin to callus in differentiation phase was higher than that in induction phase.The selective pressure should be controlled under 25 mg/L in differentiation phase.Delaying the adding of kanamycin or reducing the concentration of kanamycin in differentiation phase were advisable methods for screening transformation seedlings.[Conclusion] This study established the foundation for using agrobacterium-mediated method in transforming M.sativa.


Purpose – In this paper, the polygonal-FEM technique is presented in modeling large deformation – large sliding contact on non-conformal meshes. The purpose of this paper is to present a new technique in modeling arbitrary interfaces and discontinuities for non-linear contact problems by capturing discontinuous deformations in elements cut by the contact surface in uniform non-conformal meshes. Design/methodology/approach – The geometry of contact surface is used to produce various polygonal elements at the intersection of the interface with the regular FE mesh, in which the extra degrees-of-freedom are defined along the interface. The contact constraints are imposed between polygonal elements produced along the contact surface through the node-to-surface contact algorithm. Findings – Numerical convergence analysis is carried out to study the convergence rate for various polygonal interpolation functions, including the Wachspress interpolation functions, the metric shape functions, the natural neighbor-ba...


The authors present Chocolate, a reservation based real time Java run-time environment that runs on Windows NT. We first present a brief overview of the emerging real time Java standard and the Resource Kernel (RK) approach to providing timely, guaranteed and enforced access to system resources. Chocolate is a real time Java Virtual Machine that interfaces the real time Java programming language with the abstractions of a resource kernel. It also supports memory regimes to control allocation time and a protocol to bound priority inversion. This version of Chocolate is implemented on top of NT/RK, an OS environment that includes a "portable resource kernel" within the NT kernel. Our detailed evaluation of Chocolate shows that the overhead introduced by NT/RK is acceptable. A real time Java audio package on Chocolate demonstrates significantly better performance than its non real time counterpart. However, our Hartstone benchmark evaluations also show that our NT/RK implementation does have its drawbacks due to the lack of hard real time capabilities within Windows NT.


This paper investigates the pertinent issues of the arguments on human capital depletion, specifically in the context of the more recent literature that seeks to explain the phenomenon in the context of the English speaking Caribbean Community (CARICOM). It further assesses return migration policies of the region in an attempt to ascertain their practicality in redressing skills depletion or accumulation for member states. Clearly, facilitation policies are essential, but there is no documented analysis on their effectiveness, despite the tendency to speak of their usefulness. The main motivation for having return facilitation policies, emerged out of recognition of the potential of the Diaspora and what they can offer for the development of CARICOM nations. There is a tendency for return facilitation policies to favour life cycle re-migrants or retirees with affinity to their homeland, whatever the reason. From observation the all inclusive nature of the return facilitation policy construct does not present a framework for attracting skilled individuals in their productive age. The problem with this is that the retirement age in most member states does not allow for retirees to reenter the workforce to impart knowledge or skills, outside of investment initiatives. This general weakness in return facilitation policy limits what optimally a re-migrant can offer. The counterfactual that return migrants bring with them networks and links from which their home country can benefit is also potentially restricted by the same token.


PURPOSE: To avoid a problem of spraying powder to a user and aim at the safety in environmental respects by blending a specific agrochemical component with a plasticizer such as a rosin and a derivative thereof, approved for the safe use in foods, a cosmetic material, etc., and a surfactant, and adding water for formulating. CONSTITUTION: This environmentally hazardous aqueous emulsion agrochemical preparation, is obtained by adding (D) water to (A) at least one kind of agrochemical material having =200 g/l). As the agrochemical material, especially alachlor, endosulfan, bromoxynil, ioxynil, prochloraz, imazalyl, etc., are preferable. As the rosin derivative, a methyl ester of the rosin, a triethylene glycol ester of the rosin, etc., are especially preferable. As the surfactant, an ethoxylated castor oil, etc., are especially preferable. The above preparation has advantages such as a flame retarding property, a low toxicity to a skin, and in addition, a less irritation to the skin.


Aluminum oxide coatings have been investigated as electrically insulating layers for mounting thin film Pt–Pt/Rh thermocouples on gas turbine blade and vane alloys (MAR M200 + Hf and MAR M509). Thermal oxides were grown directly onto NiCoCrAlY and FeCrAlY coatings on these alloys at temperature between 1300 and 1400 K in oxygen partial pressures 10−7 to 2×104 Pa. Although these thermal oxides exhibited good adherence, analytical characterizations using electron and optical microscopy, as well as x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that they had defects and impurities which limited their insulating ability. The insulating quality of the coating was greatly improved however by reactively sputtering an aluminum oxide film over the thermal oxide. Results are presented on the electrical performance of the 2–5 μm thick composite layers for temperatures up to 1300 K.


Abstract : A method for the haemolytic assay of complement is described. The method is based on the turbidimetric quantitation of sheep red blood cells at a wavelength of 640 nm. This approach allows for the continuous and simultaneous assessment of complement activity and results in a substantial reduction in the time required to perform complement assays as opposed to the conventional haemolytic assays. The turbido-haemolytic assay is used to investigate the anti-complementary activity of kappa and lambda carrageenans. Lambda carrageenan, the more sulphated polymer, is the more potent inhibitor of complement activation. The application of this technique to the detection and/or identification of microorganisms is presently being investigated. (Author)


A design of a new hybrid-type digital pulse-width modulator (DPWM) with a 1000:1 frequency range from 10kHz to 10-MHz, maximum resolution of 11-bits, and power dissipation of 2.36-mW is presented. The key to such a wide frequency range and low power dissipation is to use a phase interpolator circuit for fine duty-cycle adjustment instead of the delay lines used in the previous literature. The proposed hybrid DPWM realizes the upper 5-bit resolution using a digital counter and lower 6-bit using a phase interpolator. The prototype IC fabricated in a 0.25-μm HV CMOS demonstrates the 1000:1 frequency range and excellent linearity for 9~11-bit resolutions.


Due to the detection of cases of the crime of malpractice can revolve the people and matter,so the proof means is diversity,the case can be defined the facts quickly through direct evidence.All the facts are proved effectively by circumstantial evidence and evidence links.And the position and management functions of the regulatory authorities and national agencies staff and negligence degree of the defendant should be considered during the review in a major accident,so as to be reflected at the sentencing recommendation.


For quality control and functionality testing, Contact Normal Forces FN need to be measured in multi contact point connectors like MCON 8 with the least mating cycles possible. This article is about the design and the characterization of a 4-channel gage. Each channel gage consists of a metal transducer with a metal foil strain gage. The forces range from 2 N to 8 N. The gage is built-up in a modular way, connected to a data acquisition (DAQ), and its measurement system analysis MSA capability has been proven. The sensor will be implemented into the in-production quality control of the MCON 8 connector and will provide data to a global Digital Quality Inspection Plan (DQIP)-linked FN database.


1 M.E. Student 2 HOD 1,2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 1,2 Saliter, GTU, Gujarat, India Abstract—In this paper the basic concepts of HMI (Human Machine Interface) & SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems is studied, and then interfacing it with PLC system. Industrial Burner Automation is being done which is based on PLC,HMI & SCADA with remote monitoring and energy conservation. Remote monitoring of field devices is being done with the Scada software and it gathers all the data from Plc module. Here HMI is being used to primarily control and monitor the industrial wood pellet burner. Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is being used to control the speed of motor by PID control logic.. A P&I screen will be designed to be used for easy monitoring for the burner operator. A Process Trend and Data log will be available for finding the previous and current value of parameters. By Data Logging in SCADA all the data which will be gathered from data logging will be saved to a computer system.


We demonstrate a method that uses a series of optical transformations to sort the orbital angular momentum and the mutually-unbiased angular position modes of light with a separation efficiency of more than 92%.


Abstract : Earth Search, Inc., was contracted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District (NODCOE), to conduct National Register (NRHP) testing of an historic railroad embankment in the Hollygrove neighborhood of New Orleans in support of construction of the Hollygrove Drainage Improvements feature of the Southeast Louisiana Urban Flood Control Project. The project area is comprised of a linear parcel of land measuring approximately 840 m (2755.2 ft) in length and 12 m (39.6 ft) in width, or approximately 25 acres. Although it was expected that the remains of cribwork for support of the railroad crossties would be preserved within the embankment, it appears that cribbing was never in fact utilized along that portion of the embankment within the project area. Instead, it appears that logs from trees felled during clearing the swamp for the railway were utilized to form the base of the embankment. Features associated with this initial construction were found within the horizon of the backswamp that originally occupied the Hollygrove neighborhood in Trenches 1 through 6, and they appeared to be best preserved in Trenches 3 and 4. Subsequently, vertical pilings were utilized to stabilize the embankment along the majority of its course; only those portions adjacent to the former Oleander Canal were devoid of pilings. Excavation of six trenches and 18 exploratory areas, in conjunction with extensive archival research, has thus yielded considerable data on the engineering, construction and maintenance of the railroad embankment. It is the contractor's opinion that NRHP test excavations have exhausted the research potential of the embankment, and that further excavations are unlikely to yield additional information. Consequently, site 16OR152 is ineligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. No additional archeological investigations are recommended.


Abstract Librarians are encouraged to collaborate in their work, but examples in LIS literature suggests the term "collaboration" is applied to a range of activities that vary widely in terms of interaction, resource-sharing, cooperative planning, and cooperative service delivery. Collaboration has been studied in other fields but remains largely unexplored beyond case studies in LIS. Through a series of focus groups with librarians and a range of potential community partners, this research identified barriers to collaboration and factors that enable successful partnerships, resulting in a general framework that could act as a guide to planning and developing deep collaborations.


With global plastic production growing at an unprecedented rate, plastic waste pollution is continuously growing, causing threats to wildlife, and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. The development of an electricpowered pyrolysis system that converts plastic waste to liquid fuel presents a promising solution to this problem, and an incentive to collect plastic waste that is so abundant in the environment. The proposed system is modular, benchtop scaled, and able to be powered by renewable energy sources. The system also provides a base for further implementation with other existing refining technologies such as fractionation. Furthermore, it creates an economic incentive to collect plastic waste in the environment, as it provides an efficient and reliable way to convert it into usable fuel.


Summary

1. Some aspects of Partridge behaviour (see Contents) are described, and, using defined criteria, activities are divided into: (a) those resulting primarily from intraspecific interaction (agonistic behaviour); (6) those occurring independently of interaction, mainly feeding and courting. Some activities, notably preening and resting, were found to occur under both heads, and were classified with group (a) because they were thought sometimes to be displacement activities. An index is described to measure the proportion of time spent feeding and courting, and hence, inversely, the amount of interaction, under different circumstances. The behaviour of birds in different environments is compared.

2. It is possible to correlate the degree of interaction with population density and ground cover in different fields. There was less interaction when the birds were living at low density, or where the ground cover prevented them seeing each other. In good cover, and also in low–density areas, the size of home ranges was relatively small and they did not overlap; in areas where density was high and ground cover poor, home ranges were larger and overlapped. Birds in good cover interacted little with each other, even at a high population density; but others, living at similar population densities, interacted continuously if the cover was poor. Intermediate situations are also described.

3. The possible importance of agonistic behaviour with regard to dispersion and population control is discussed briefly.

4. A correlation was observed between chick mortality in two summers and the interaction observed among adults during the previous winters.


Abstract Inundative mycoherbicidal biocontrol agents are typically insufficiently virulent to be commercially competitive with herbicides in row crop agriculture, and require enhancement. Pectinase and cellulase are typically used by pathogens during infection. Thus, it was hypothesized that adding exogenous cell wall degrading enzymes might enhance fungal infection. Pectinase or cellulase was added to inocula of aqueous chopped mycelial suspensions of a strain of Colletotrichum coccodes for control of Abutilon theophrasti. Plants treated with 5.3×106 C. coccodes propagules mL−1 and 1.65 U mL−1 pectinase had more rapid and complete disease development. Similar trend was achieved when 10 U mL−1 of cellulase were added to 2.2×106 C. coccodes propagules mL−1. Adding pectinase or cellulase did not increase the host range of the wild-type fungus. The results suggest that there might be value to transforming biocontrol agents to overproduce these enzymes.


The Carter administration's adoption of an approach towards the South African government's policy of apartheid that was, as Jimmy Carter put it, "correct but as easy on them as possible," cannot be explained solely by American economic and strategic interests in the region or by the administration's desire for South Africa's cooperation on nuclear nonproliferation and the resolution of the conflicts in neighboring Rhodesia and Namibia. The lessons Carter and Ambassador to the United Nations Andrew Young drew from their earlier personal experiences in the American South in the 1960s were also of great significance. Those experiences not only gave Carter and Young a strong commitment to ending apartheid in South Africa but also strongly influenced the ways in which they thought that objective might be achieved. First, Carter and Young had considerable sympathy for the position of white South Africans and were concerned to work with them toward peaceful change in a spirit of cooperation rather than confrontation. Second, they believed that American businesses could have a positive impact on race relations in South Africa. They therefore encouraged American investors to adopt "enlightened employment practices," and resisted pressure from anti-apartheid activists to impose economic sanctions.


Abstract A spectrophotometric method for the determination of some pharmaceutical amides, hydrazides and thiols is described. The method is based on the reaction of the studied drugs with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH). The latter is employed to abstract a hydrogen atom from the drugs thereby promoting a process of radical coupling. This results in a reduction of the violet colour of DPPH with the formation of the yellow coloured 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH2). This fading in colour of DPPH reagent depends on the concentration of the drug being determined. Beer's law is obeyed in the ranges of 1–5 μg/ml (for isocarboxazid and gliclazide), 0.25–2.5 μg/ml (for isoniazid), 0.5–5 μg/ml (for iproniazid), 1–7 μg/ml (for tolazamide), 2–15 μg/ml (for captopril) and 1–6 μg/ml (for sulphathiourea). The validity of the method was tested by analysing the studied drugs in pure form as well as in tablets. Results of analyses were compared statistically with the official or reported methods.


Eseames G, Acuña‐Castroviejo D, León J, Vives F. Melatonin interaction with magnesium and zinc in the response of the striatum to sensorimotor cortical stimulation in the rat. J. Pineal Res. 1998; 24:123–129. © Munksgaard, Copenhagen


A multiphase model of oil spill dynamics has been developed. The model simulates oil slick thickness at the water surface; dissolved, emulsified and particulate oil concentrations in the water column; and dissolved and particulate oil concentrations in the bottom sediments. The oil slick dynamics at the water surface is calculated using the layer-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. A high-order numerical scheme, within the Eulerian approach, ensures accurate transport simulation of the oil phases in the marine environment. Model parameters of oil kinetics are tuned using various empirical data. The model is applicable to a comparable simulation of oil spill combating techniques, such as floating booms and chemical dispersants. The model is used for oil spills simulation in The Singapore Straits.


Background Our immune system is composed of an innate (germ-line encoded) and adaptive (acquired) arm. It involves specialized hematopoietic cells but also cell-intrinsic (non-hematopoietic) mechanisms, antigen-specific receptors (T and B cell receptors/immunoglobulins), microbial sensors (pattern recognition receptors), and a complex network of signaling molecules that cooperatively work together to prevent or control infection by invading microorganisms via a variety of effector mechanisms. Both innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms are tightly regulated, to avoid potentially harmful consequences such as tissue damage to the host, and to maintain tolerance to self as well as to harmless foreign antigens. An imbalance or insufficiency of these immune defense and regulatory mechanisms becomes apparent as clinical disease, either in the form of symptomatic infections (in which case the host immune defense was insufficient to prevent or control infection, dysregulated, or even deficient), or during ...


ently developed throughout the book (e.g. multiculturalism is not critically explored), but the main threads are clear in the closing section, Ruminations (Reid). This suggest that anti-racist strategies which challenge structural injustices against Black people must be brought firmly back on the agenda and not be allowed to be diluted or ignored. The goal is to increase Black people in leadership positions who can challenge injustices. The role of education, empowerment, decolonised curriculum, policy formulation and alliance building are seen as key ingredients in the anti-racist struggle as well as political activism. The book arrives on the scene amidst a Tory leadership selection and a government that has been the most racially diverse ever with key leaders from minority ethnic backgrounds. Yet they condone, rather than challenge, the most hideous policies such as sending immigrants to Rwanda. Surely, more than just Black faces are required. This is acknowledged in the book, but not developed. The book will be useful for those wishing to understand oppression in the various features of social work and social work education. Practitioners, academics and students will identify with the narratives and issues highlighted here and find common cause.


This is an expository paper on FDR control of sequential hypotheses, with application to model selection in linear models with orthogonal design. We state the problem and outline, from start to finish, a complete method to perform model selection—including variations, recommendations, and some discussion of historical and current methods. Detailed proofs are provided for all main results and some of the important tools. In particular, the author proposes the use of a lesserknown test statistic, robust to nonorthogonality, and demonstrates its efficacy compared to a standard method.


Bose-Einstein condensates loaded in one-dimensional bichromatic optical lattices with constituent sublattices having incommensurate periods is considered. Using the rational approximations for the incommensurate periods, we show that below the mobility edge the localized states are distributed nearly homogeneously in the space and explore the versatility of such potentials. We show that superposition of symmetric and anti-symmetric localized can be used to simulate various physical dynamical regimes, known to occur in double-well and multi-well traps. As examples, we obtain an alternative realization of a bosonic Josephson junction, whose coherent oscillations display beatings or switching in the weakly nonlinear regime, describe selftrapping and four-mode dynamics, mimicking coherent oscillations and self-trapping in four-well potentials. These phenomena can be observed for different pairs of modes, which are localized due to the interference rather than due to a confining trap. The results obtained using few-mode approximations are compared with the direct numerical simulations of the one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The localized states and the related dynamics are found to persist for long times even in the repulsive condensates. We also described bifurcations of the families of nonlinear modes, the symmetry breaking and stable minigap solitons.


In this article one analyzes the fight between habria dado and hubiera dado due to the primacy of the expression having a DEDISSEM value (apodosis of the past unreal) in the first half of the 19th century. In order to do this, we analyzed the documents of that time as collected in CORDE (which provided us with a large quantity of examples) both those published in Spain, as well as those that appeared in Latin American countries. Thus, we attempt to verify if there are differences at this time between the use in Spain and in Latin America. We have paid special attention to the preferences of the different authors and also to see if, as happens at other moments in history, the preferences have some external conditioning. Part of this analysis is also focused on distinguishing the conditional sequence that appears in the two verbal forms so as to see if there are differences and if these differences come from some type of pattern. The most important conclusions that can be deduced from this analysis are, on the one hand, the prominent increase of the use of the form habria dado—even though the predominant form for this use is still hubiera dado—and the increase in the sequences in which it appears; and on the other, the fact that there are authors who favor this verb form by setting aside hubiera dado.


SUMMARY This paper examines three major shifts in U.S. foreign assistance since 2000 that have had major impacts on USAID programming decisions in forestry. The first reflects a heightened awareness of the role development plays in meeting U.S. national security objectives. The second is a trend toward privatizing foreign assistance — adopting a new economic paradigm for sustainable development. The third supports the U.S. Government and USAID commitment to use local or indigenous expertise in implementing their programmes. Taken together, these changes will likely have profound effects on how USAID operates and funds programme development in all sectors, including forestry, in the coming years. This paper also presents examples of current programmes which illustrate programming trends within the forest sector.


BACKGROUND: Assessment of the plantar flexion (PF) isokinetic performance has been greatly diverse and based on personal preferences rather than standardized guidelines. OBJECTIVE: To examine the performance of the plantar flexors under different settings including knee joint angle and subject position. METHODS: Thirteen women and 20 men took part in this study. The isokinetic protocol (60∘/s) was set to ankle movement between 10∘ dorsiflexion to 30∘ PF. Participants performed three repetitions of concentric PF in randomly-ordered knee angles; 15∘, 45∘ and 90∘, and in seated and supine positions. Surface electromyography (EMG) data were collected from the Soleus (SOL) and Gastrocnemius. RESULTS: Knee angle impacted the PF moment (P⩽ 0.001–0.026) and work (P⩽ 0.05) measures in both genders. The moment and work measures were significantly less in the 90∘ than those in the 45∘ and 15∘ positions. The 45∘ position had the highest values, particularly in sitting in the male participants. Only the GL EMG data was significantly impacted (P= 0.017) by the subject position. However, the difference was trivial (1.6%). The SOL muscle showed a consistent pattern of increased activity when the knee was in flexion. CONCLUSION: The 45∘ position seems to be optimal for obtaining the highest isokinetic PF scores.


Count everything! How many children in the group? How many pieces of fruit at snack time? The list is endless, but the more you do it the more quickly the children will learn, so make it part of daily routines in your setting.


Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has found widespread use in the treatment of head and neck cancers. This technology allows for conformal dose distributions around a tumor target while a rapid dose fall‐off spares surrounding critical structures. The properties of IMRT are particularly suited for treating head and neck cancers due to the close proximity of dose‐limiting normal tissues allowing for potential dose escalation. Further studies are ongoing to investigate long‐term clinical outcomes and toxicity. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:691–696. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The article is devoted to critical analysis and evaluation of constructivism in contemporary psychology. The main principles of this trend in psychological approach to cognitive processes are revealed. The problem of the origins and precursors of constructivism is discussed, and its epistemological principles are described. The theoretical contradictions of this trend are analyzed and inconsistence and illegality of convergence of constructivism with the theories of J. Piaget and cultural-historical psychology (L.S. Vygotsky) is proved. The cultural and historical basis of human subject model proposed by constructivism is also shown.


Background: Maternal obesity and weight gain during pregnancy are risk factors for child obesity. There is a potential role of leptin in the regulation of body weight, energy expenditure and therefore fetal growth and development. The aim of this study was to examine the association of maternal obesity at birth with offspring body size and serum leptin. Subjects and methods: Two hundred mothers at delivery with their term healthy human newborns were enrolled in this study. One hundred mothers of them were obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) and one hundred act as control (BMI between 20 24.9 kg/m 2 ) . Neonatal weight, length, head circumference and ponderal index were determined. Leptin concentrations in venous cord blood were measured using specific enzyme –linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: Neonates of obese mothers had significantly higher levels of leptin (21.17±16.7 vs 11.33±10.55 ng/ml, p <0.001) , birth weight (3.64±0.32 vs 3.2±0.67 kg, p < 0.05), ponderal index (3.24±0.38 vs 2.77±0.65 gm/cm 3 , p < 0.05) when compared to non-obese group. Cord serum leptin was found to correlate with maternal BMI (r =0.46 , p < 0.05) and neonatal body measurements; weight (r =0.50 , p < 0.01) , length (r =0.59 , p < 0.001) , head circumference (r =0.56 , p < 0.01) and ponderal index (r = 0.40 , p < 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal obesity at delivery is associated with increased neonatal serum leptin and body size with high risk of children obesity later in life. KEYWARDS: Maternal obesity ; neonatal birth size ; leptin. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 5.990 Volume 4, Issue 9, 86-94. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 Article Received on 26 June 2015, Revised on 16 July 2015, Accepted on 10 Aug 2015


Diagnostic decision-making in pathology is a complex process. It involves gathering observational evidence and using this to reason and decide which of a number of possible diagnostic outcomes is most likely. Complicating factors include the role of experience in this process, how one has been taught to diagnose a specific disease, the subjectivity of descriptive morphological terminology, the individual's understanding of the underlying disease processes, and how fatigued the pathologist is when trying to make these judgements. These factors vary considerably between different pathologists and also within the same individual. While the standardization of diagnostic criteria continues to improve, subjectivity is inherent, resulting in the poor reproducibility seen in many areas of diagnostic pathology. Poor reproducibility results from two facets of the diagnostic process, (1) the assessment and grading of morphological abnormalities and (2) relating the significance of these changes to the possible diagnostic outcomes. The ability of computer systems to reason about knowledge and to make decisions has been the subject of much debate over the last two decades and the role of this in pathology has been discussed previously. 1-3 A most important step forward, however, has been in the development of inference networks and, in particular, Bayesian belief networks&6 for histological diagnosis. Inference network^^,^ are essentially classifiers. They have a number of properties that distinguish them from conventional statistical classification schemes. Inference networks accept as input linguistic, descriptive terms. This makes them emi-


Although, in my opinion, the TNS should be congratulated for this effort, I felt obliged to comment on the authors' overly-cautious approach to breastfeeding by women with probable, possible or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) instead of being in favor of giving mother's milk to her infant. The authors give an impression of discouraging breastfeeding by stating "we are not completely sure that the virus cannot be transmitted via breast milk." This statement is correct according to the Chinese Pediatrics COVID-19 working group's recommendation of routinely separating the newborn from the mother precluding breastfeeding (2); however, a considerable amount of evidence has accumulated since the issuance of these recommendations and many authoritative scientific institutions including the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, have issued guidelines on safe breastfeeding of women with COVID-19 (3-5).


Abstract Poplars and willows can accumulate high concentrations of some trace elements. We investigated the extent and nature of B, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn accumulation in some commercial poplar and willow clones by using a lysimeter experiment and field collection of data. Trace element accumulation was a function of leaf age and the variety or species of tree. Leaf B, Cd, Mn, and Zn concentrations increased throughout the season, while Cu decreased and Fe remained unchanged. Poplars and willows accumulated high concentrations of the trace elements tested, relative to pasture. The accumulation of Cd is of concern, especially in willows. Stock exposure to Cd can be managed by judicious clone selection, harvesting young shoots, or harvesting early in the season. Poplars and willows may be used as feed supplements to increase Co and Zn intake by livestock. The varieties 'Yeogi' and 'Crow's Nest' accumulated the highest concentrations of Co, yet their Cd concentrations were not significantly higher than pasture.


Background: All though the most common etiology of lumbar radiculopathy is herniated disc or spinal stenosis, however there are several intraspinal or extra spinal pathogenic processes that may cause lumbar radiculopathy.Objective: To assess how often, and review the pathologies that cause non discogenic lumbar radiculopathy.Patients and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 600 patients who had lumbar radiculopathy. During one year period we examined 600 patients in outpatient clinic with presumed diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation.Through history and comprehensive physical and neurological examination were performed for all patients. Diagnostic test were done including laboratory, electrophysiological and radiological assessments. in this study Patients with non discogenic lumbar radiculopathy, were refereed patients to other specialist to deal with cases.Results: There were 104 patients (17%) with non discogenic lumbar radiculopathy out of 600 patients presented with lumbar radiculopathy. There were peripheral neuropathy in 28.8%, peripheral vascular diseases in 19.25%, osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis of hip joint in 19.25%, extra spinal tumors in 14.5% of patients ,osteodiscitis in 11.5%, entrapment neuropathy in 6.5% of the patients.Conclusions:The most common causes of lumbar radiculopathy are herniated disc but there are 17% with non discogenic lumbar radiculopathy with broad list of pathologies.


Background The current live vaccinia virus vaccine used in the prevention of smallpox is contraindicated for millions of immune-compromised individuals. Although vaccination with the current smallpox vaccine produces protective immunity, it might result in mild to serious health complications for some vaccinees. Thus, there is a critical need for the production of a safe virus-free vaccine against smallpox that is available to everyone. For that reason, we investigated the impact of imiquimod and resiquimod (Toll-like receptors agonists), and the codon-usage optimization of the vaccinia virus A27L gene in the enhancement of the immune response, with intent of producing a safe, virus-free DNA vaccine coding for the A27 vaccinia virus protein. Methods We analyzed the cellular-immune response by measuring the IFN-γ production of splenocytes by ELISPOT, the humoral-immune responses measuring total IgG and IgG2a/IgG1 ratios by ELISA, and the TH1 and TH2 cytokine profiles by ELISA, in mice immunized with our vaccine formulation. Results The proposed vaccine formulation enhanced the A27L vaccine-mediated production of IFN-γ on mouse spleens, and increased the humoral immunity with a TH1-biased response. Also, our vaccine induced a TH1 cytokine milieu, which is important against viral infections. Conclusion These results support the efforts to find a new mechanism to enhance an immune response against smallpox, through the implementation of a safe, virus-free DNA vaccination platform.


Since the global financial crisis, the relationship between monetary policy and banks' net interest margins (NIMs) has been investigated in many studies, not least in light of the low interest rate environment. However, to our knowledge, this is the first econometric study that explores this topic for the Central, Eastern and Southeastern European (CESEE) economies. Using banklevel data for 15 CESEE countries from 2006 to 2018, we assess the effect of the interest rate environment on banks' NIMs. Our policy rate variable takes into account both the domestic and the international interest rate environment (euro area, U.S.A. and Switzerland). To construct this variable, we use the shares of foreign and domestic currency loans in total bank loans extended to the domestic private sector as weights for the interbank rates of the different jurisdictions. Our results show that lower (weighted) interest rates lead to lower NIMs and that the effect is nonlinear, i.e. it becomes more pronounced as the level of interest rates falls. This finding is in line with the existing literature on other, more advanced economies. As net interest income (NII) is the key revenue component of banks, especially given the traditional lending and deposit-taking business model prevalent in the CESEE banking sectors, we conclude that both pressures on NIMs and the development of interest rates in the region and worldwide should be monitored closely.


This paper fouses on ripenness,and production of flavour,and review flavour of some cheeses and assay methods,the existent problem and the direction of development.


The CNGS, CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso, project aims at directly detecting numu-nutau neutrino oscillations. An intense muon-neutrino beam (1017 numu/day) is generated at CERN and directed towards the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, LNGS, in Italy, 732 km away from CERN. In LNGS large and complex detectors will allow to detect, in particular, the rare tau-neutrinos created by 'oscillation' from muon-neutrinos on their way between CERN and LNGS. On average around three tau-neutrino events are predicted per year in each of the ~2000 ton detectors. The construction of the CNGS beam facility started in September 2000, and the first neutrino beam has been produced in July 2006. In the presently approved physics programme, it is foreseen to run the facility for five years.


The present invention is the first sub-packet through the two or more base stations, in the mobile data transmission method in a communication system for transmitting data corresponding to the same logical channel, the first base station and second base station generates the encoded packets based on transfer phase and the first sub at the time when a certain period of time from the packet transmission time, said first base station and the second base station one of the base station transmits a second subpacket generated on the basis of the encoded packets being case relates to a data transmission method comprising the step of, for each broadcast data corresponding to the same logical channel in each base station having a different channel environment, there is an effect capable of improving data transmission efficiency. BCMCS, interlace, the channel conditions, packet data,


Abstract The 26th ATS International Conference, held at Hotel Le Meridien, Paris, France on 15–16 December 2005, had 20 sessions and some 128 papers covering the primary process route plus selected product and environmental topics. Five sessions (32 papers) were on 'Ultra-steels', planned together with the National Institute for Materials Science, Japan (NIMS) and Société Française de Metallurgie and de Matériaux (SF2M). A further session on 'Innovative solutions for steel constructions' was planned together with Office Technique pour l'Utilisation de l'Acier (OTUA) and had seven papers. Twenty-four organisations were represented in the Exhibition.


The effects of In doping on crystalline qualities are demonstrated in the heteroepitaxy of GaAs on Si grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The etch pit density of the GaAs layers doped with In at 8×1017 cm−3 decreased by a factor of 7 compared with undoped GaAs layers. Dark regions observed in electron beam induced current images became small by In doping. The improvement of the crystalline qualities was also verified by Raman spectroscopy.


Author(s): Artha Negara, I Gede Oka | Advisor(s): Foley, Kathy | Abstract: AbstractJegog is a gamelan made of large-sized bamboo tubes, which are found in the western part of the island of Bali. Originally it was played as a social activity when people gathered to thatch a roof with straw (called nyucuk). The form was invented around 1912 in the village Sebual, Jembrana by Kiyang Geliduh. Gamelan jegog history is divided into three periods, namely Jegog as practiced by Genjor (1912-1945), then as performed by Suprig (1945-1965), and finally the version done by Jayus (1965-present). Jegog used bamboo, because Jembrana is a vast forested area where lush bamboo grows to great breadth and stature. While bamboo orchestras may have originated in other areas of Indonesia or beyond, in Jembrana they achieved a larger size due to the local ecology. Jembrana citizens also value competition, as is evidenced by their folk games/ sports. This spirit of competition also is carried into jegog, which developed jegog mebarung (jegog competitions). This aesthetic has also caused a jegog version of the local makepung (buffalo races), another important and distinctive recreation of the region. Jegog has developed considerably during the Jayus period, because international performances and collaborations became possible. The art was presented in the Netherlands in the 1960s, and later toured, to Japan, (1970), Germany (1990), France (1998), and the US (1986). There are currently jegog groups in the Netherlands (Tropen Museum), in Germany (led by Martin Ramstedt), and Japan (Gamelan Sekar Sakura) and two in America (Gamelan Sekar Jaya Berkeley and Gamelan Artha Negara of Santa Cruz).


Biskhapra (Trianthema portulacastrum Linn.) belongs to the family Aizoacae. It is an annual herb found in tropical and sub tropical region and almost throughout the India as a weed in cultivated and wastelands. Biskhapra is a well notorious drug in Unani system of medicine for its extensive use in urinary system as diuretic (Mudirre Baul), in ascites, anasarca, cystitis in case of dribbling of urine, in dropsy, edema and ascites. Decoction of herb is used as an antidote in alcohol poisoning, also used in rheumatism and as a vermifuge. It has action like aantipyretic, antidote, expectorant, detergent, carminative, resolvent, diuretic, appetizer and astringent. Major chemical constituents are alkaloids, trianthemine, punarnavin, ecdysterone, tetraterpenoid, 3, 4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid, β- cynin and saponins. It exhibits marked dose dependent protection against hepatotoxicity in mice and rat. It also reported nephroprotective, diuretic, anti-cancerous, antihelmintic, antipyretic, analgesic, and anti inflammatory activity in experimental and clinical aspect.


Chloroquine diphosphate was administered orally to 50 patients with bronchial asthma for approximately one year and intravenously to 25 patients with bronchial asthma or cancer for a month. Hematologic studies were made on peripheral blood and bone marrow during the course of treatment. The results obtained indicated that the drug exerted no consistent inhibitory effects on any of the erythropoietic, leukopoietic and thrombopoietic series. It is considered, therefore, that in the usual dose range employed the drug can be administered without adverse effects on human bone marrow at least for one year.


The objective of this study was to characterize 21 accessions of various botanical forms of existing coffee in the Active Germplasm Bank of the State of Minas Gerais, in order to identify genotypes with potential for use in breeding programs. In the field trial, each access is represented by 20 plants, in randomized complete block design with two replications. Coffee plants were evaluated at 30 months after planting, according to productivity, vegetative vigor and the main standard descriptors for the protection of plant varieties of coffee in Brazil. The results show an important genetic variability among accessions showing the possibility of their use in breeding programs. The Pacamara access had higher productivity in the first year, while in the second year, stood accesses Catuai Erecta and Semperflorens. The standard descriptors used for the protection of plant varieties of coffee proved to be an efficient tool for the characterization and differentiation of germplasm studied.


So-called 'absolute' standard molar enthalpies of hydration of individual ions at 298.15 K have been obtained from the conventional data by means of the widely employed TATB extrathermodynamic assumption, i.e. that ΔhydH°[(C6H5)4As+]=ΔhydH°[(C6H5)4P+]=ΔhydH°[B(C6H5)–4]. This is possible by the evaluation of the standard molar enthalpies of hydration of salts involving the tetraphenyl ions with suitable counter-ions from their lattice enthalpies and heats of solution and appropriate combinations of these data. The resulting value of the standard molar enthalpy of hydration of the hydrogen ion, ΔhydH°[H+]=–1103 ± 7 kJ mol–1, agrees with the values obtained by other reliable methods. The values of ΔhydH° on this basis of numerous ions are tabulated.


The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of the formulas described in the scheme below in which various substituents are defined in the specification (V). [Formula 1]


Our study aimed to characterize miR-221 and 483-3p dysregulation and to correlate their expression with clinical outcomes in patients submitted in first instance to surgical therapy (naïve patients) for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).

 MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that play important roles in several biological processes by fine-tuning gene expression1. In a cohort of well-characterized EAC, we analyzed the expression of miRNAs. RNA was extracted from formalin-embedded (FFPE) surgical specimens of normal gastric tissues and EACs, classified according to BIM/GIM classification (BIM=Barrett's intestinal metaplasia, GIM=Gastric intestinal metaplasia): 43 BIM-/GIM-, 32 BIM+/GIM-, 2 BIM+/GIM+, 9 BIM-/GIM+). Expression of 754 human miRNAs was profiled in 8 cases with TaqMan MicroRNA Array card A1.1/B3.0. miR-221 and 483-3p validation was performed with single TaqMan probes on all 85 FFPE samples. miR-221 and miR-483-3p were also analyzed in a cohort of 39 fresh-frozen biopsies (29 EAC and 10 normal esophageal tissues). In 3 EAC cell-lines (OE-19, OE-33, FLO-1)2 we tested the expression of miR-221 and miR-483-3p3 and of two major targets (PTEN and SMAD4, respectively). Correlations between miRNAs and clinical outcomes were calculated using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, t-Student's and Kaplan-Meier tests.

 miR-221 and 483-3p resulted upregulated from the MicroRNA Array card analysis. This increase was confirmed in two independent cohorts (FFPE-cohort: miR-483-3p p=0.0065; fresh-frozen-cohort: miR-483-3p p<0.0001, miR-221 p=0.0062). Statistical analysis showed an upregulation of both miRNAs, in particular miR-483-3p (p<0.0001), in BIM-/GIM-, compared to BIM+/GIM-. miR-221 and 483-3p up- regulation correlated with reduced cancer-specific survival in FFPE samples (miR-483-3p p=0.053, miR-221 p=0.001). We demonstrated a significantly increase for miR-483-3p (p=0.01) with a trend toward reduction of SMAD4 expression in FLO-1 compared to other cell-lines.

 We identified an up-regulation of miR-221 and miR-483-3p, which might contribute to cancer progression. In the most aggressive cell line, FLO-1, we observed an increased expression of miR-483-3p, with SMAD4 reduction. Further studies are warranted to elucidate in depth the role of miR-221 and miR-
 483-3p in EAC.


BACKGROUND
A new method of cancer treatment called electroporation therapy (EPT) which uses pulsed electric fields in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent is being developed to treat human pancreatic tumors. Such a combination has been found to increase the cytotoxic effect of the drug to tumor cells.

METHODS
Human pancreatic tumors (Pan-4-JCK) were implanted subcutaneously onto nude mice. The animals were treated with EPT using bleomycin, mitomycin C or carboplatin as a single agent, and their effect on tumor growth was monitored over a period of 89 days.

RESULTS
The tumors treated with either the drug or pulse alone showed increased tumor growth. However, tumors treated with EPT using any one of the three drugs showed significant to complete regression of tumors. Among the three drugs used, the order of efficacy was: bleomycin >> mitomycin C > carboplatin.

CONCLUSIONS
These results are sufficient to warrant limited clinical trials of EPT for pancreatic cancers.


Objective: To establish a reliable and specific PCR method for the amplification of the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA of Gastrodia elata.Methods: The ITS sequence was amplified by PCR with universal primers of ITS.The PCR parameters for ITS sequence amplification were optimized and PCR product was directly sequenced after purification.Results: The PCR product was about 750 bp.There occurred little diversity among the samples from different sources.After sequenced and compared with the optimized sequences in Genbank,the total length of ITS sequence of Gastrodia elata was determined as 598 bp including 235 bp of ITS1,209 bp of ITS2,and 153 bp of 5.8 S,and the(G+C)% was 52%.Conclusions: With the optimized PCR conditions,the amplification of ITS sequence of Gastrodia elata can produce reliable and specific results.


Direct comparisons of American and Canadian faculty and students' views concerning issues of race, gender, and affirmative action in higher education are rare. The 1999 North American Academic Study Survey provides a unique opportunity to analyze the role of national and positional factors in faculty and student attitudes towards race, gender, and affirmative action in the US and Canada. The findings indicate that national factors are more important than positional factors on many racial and affirmative-action issues. Differ ences between students and faculty are more pronounced than are cross-national variations on many gender-related issues. Resume


Objective To study the diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),interferon-γ(IFN-γ)and adenosine deaminase(ADA) in differentiating tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions by detecting their expression in the pleural effusions.Methods 70 cases of pleural effusion were selected,including tuberculous pleural effusion in 32 cases and malignant pleural effusion in 38 cases respectively,the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen,interferon-γ and adenosine deaminase in the pleural effusions was examined by using ELISA and colorimetric analysis.Results Diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion CEA sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 76.32%,87.50% and 81.43%.ADA and INF-γ diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion,sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 78.13%,81.58%,80.00% and 90.63%,97.37%,94.29%.Combined detection of malignant and tuberculous pleural effusion,sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 94.74%,96.88%,95.71% and 93.75%,97.37%,95.71%.Conclusion Combine detection of CEA,IFN-γ and ADA can diagnosis tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions.


The invention discloses a medical skin care agent and a preparation method thereof, wherein, the medical skin care agent provided in the invention mainly comprises chitosan or derivatives thereof, a gelling agent and preservative. Specifically, the gelling agent is advantaged in that: ceramide, a mixture of sphingolipids and phospholipids, ceramide analogue and the like are used to form a layered-structure gel phase structure which is similar to skin lipoid structure and capable of enhancing the lipoid structure of the skin itself, thereby realizing the function of repairing skin barrier; due to the adding of the chitosan or the derivatives thereof in the medical skin care agent, the medical skin care agent is provided with broad-spectrum anti-microbial property and can effectively repair common skin inflammation of redness, swelling, peeling, itching and the like for dry, damaged and sensitive skin, thereby realizing anti-microbial function and anti-inflammation function in medical skin care.


Atomic migration under an electric field, electromigration, in molten and crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 was studied using a pulsed dc stress to an isolated line structure. Under a single pulse (∼10−3 s), Ge2Sb2Te5 was melted by Joule heating, and an electrostatic force-induced drift of Ge and Sb toward the cathode and Te toward the anode was observed. Effective charge numbers were calculated to be 0.28, 0.38, and −0.29 for Ge, Sb, and Te, respectively. Electromigration in the crystalline state was studied by applying a 10 MHz pulsed dc; constituent elements migrated toward the cathode, which suggests a hole wind-force operating in this phase.


The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of seasonal ambient temperature on the thyroid gland function in terms of serum total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (fT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), and canine thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSH) concentrations in healthy dogs of various breeds living outdoors and to compare them with those living indoors in flats and houses. The monitoring was conducted for 5 years and our study included 162 indoor dogs and 148 outdoor dogs of both sexes from 2 to 12 years of age, categorised into 3 groups according to their body weight: large (n = 17), medium (n = 16) and small (n = 17) breeds. Comparison of the seasonal serum TT4 and fT4 concentrations in both the indoor and outdoor dogs confirmed their fluctuation in relation to the ambient temperature in all weight groups with the lowest average of TT4 and fT4 concentrations recorded in summer and the highest ones in winter. In dogs kept outdoors, the fluctuation of hormone values was significant (P < 0.05). Seasonal serum cTSH fluctuation was found to be significant (P < 0.05) only in the medium breeds living outdoors, but their concentrations did not exceed the reference ranges. The 5-year monitoring of serum TT3 in indoor and outdoor dogs of large, medium, and small breeds clearly showed that its concentrations were not influenced by varying ambient temperature. The study provides for the first time evidence that serum TT4 and fT4 concentrations in dogs kept outdoors directly depend on ambient temperature. This correlation was also expressed by mathematical equations. Dog, ambient temperature, thyroxine, thyreotropine Thyroid hormones influence numerous physiological and biochemical events in cells, and are essential for healthy growth and development of neurological and skeletal systems. They have catabolic effects on muscle and adipose tissue and regulate cholesterol synthesis and degradation. Thyroid hormones have positive ionotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart (Scott-Moncrieff 2007). Thyroid hormones markedly stimulate Na + K + ATPase activity, which is connected to Na + and K + transport through the plasma membrane


The present invention relates to a combustion chamber 330 and the combustion chamber fuel injection device 340 and the fuel injection device 340, the turbo machine (10) having a supply means 360 for supplying fuel to within 330 . The invention of the fuel flow rate of said turbo machinery (10), supply means 360, means 370 and a supply means (360) determined by said determining means (370) for determining the instantaneous amount of change in the fuel flow rate of the moment is characterized in that it further comprises regulating means 350 for regulating the flow rate of the fuel injection device 340 according to the variation.


Eulerian poset is a basic and widely used combinatorial concept. It is the combinatorial version of manifolds and has the analogue of the Poincaré duality in the form of the DehnSommerville equations (linear relations among f -vectors). The concept has always been defined in the combinatorial language. As a topologist, my main insight is that a poset is Eulerian if and only if its underlying polyhedron is a manifold from the viewpoint of the Euler characteristic (i.e., the link of any point has the same Euler number as the sphere of the right dimension). The condition is purely topological and independent of the triangulation. The insight leads to the application of the usual topological approach to the combinatorial concept. Naturally, we may define the singularities of a polyhedron as those points whose links have the "wrong" Euler number. In [2], I showed that the number of rational linear relations among the f -vectors is n−s−1 2 , where n and s are the dimensions of the polyhedron and its Eulerian singular part. This illustrates there is less "Poincaré duality" for more singular space. In [4], we applied the stratified technique familiar to the topologists. We defined Eulerian stratified space, introduced the weighted combinations of f -vectors of strata, and developed the full Dehn-Sommerville theory. The theory provides a general framework for treating f -vectors for non-Eulerian posets. We also interpreted the theory as a boundary


Despite being effective in promoting healthy dietary behaviour, smartphone apps are scarcely available for our local communities and the majority of nutritional-related information is based on western food selections. Our new innovation aims to provide specific educational advice about recommended food intake, types, nutritional qualities and weight issues for cancer patients and survivors who suffer appetite problems and nutritional deficits. The Cancer Dietary (CanDi) app was developed as a convenient, flexible and attractively engaging smartphone app containing healthy tips which are uniquely tailored to the local food choices, preferences and ingredients. This helps customise users' dietary needs besides permitting constant information up-dating. Features are broadly categorised into Healthy Eating Guide (advice from healthy eating to eating problems, weight loss prevention and increasing proteins and calories intake) and Malaysian Recipes For Cancer Patients (focusing on common Malaysian dishes, ingredients, treatment-based recipes and special diets). An additional Symptom Diary allows user's personal profile to be recorded and stored virtually online. Its feasibility and acceptability were further tested among 30 cancer patients, family caregivers and dieticians recruited from a public hospital in Terengganu, Malaysia. Very good feasibility (> 80%) and excellent acceptability (> 90%) were reported regarding its ease of operation, suitability of language used, attractiveness, knowledge enhancement and perceived usefulness. With this scientific yet creative innovation, routine dietary habits related to cancer conditions could be easily facilitated for both patients/survivors as well as family caregivers for their independent and healthy living.


This paper explores the kinship terms of the Bidayuh of Sarawak, focusing on the Bau-Jagoi subgroup variation as well as their cultural concept of kinship. The data for this paper was obtained through participant observation and interviews with four informants from two villages in Bau District, Sarawak, Malaysia, which are Kupuo Sarasot, located in the Jagoi area and Kupuo Barieng in the Singai area. The data analysis showed that the Bidayuh held on firmly to the Madih concept¸ in which all members of the village are considered 'one family'.  The Bidayuh kinship terms do refer to birth order but with emphasis on the older generations. Gender is not emphasized in the Bidayuh kinship terms but refers to a specific gender. Two main adjectives are added after the kinship terms, which are dari' (male) and dayung (female). The address terms also focus on the older generations while most of the younger generations are addressed by their names. These two areas, even though considered under one subgroup, have their unique practices when it comes to kinship terms.  However, due to modernization and urbanisation, the influence of the Malay and English language could be clearly seen in the Bidayuh address terms, replacing the Bidayuh equivalent.


A general formulation of the Euler characteristic Galerkin (ECG) technique is given for scalar conservation laws, from which specific algorithms are derived and analysed. These are developed from p...


This paper points out that reasonable winning the tender with low price is the right of owners,introduces various safeguards for winning the tender with low price,discusses its operation,illustrates its meaning,and proposes the problems need to be thought and solved,which has certain operation significances.


We derive the implications of particle-vortex duality for the electromagnetic response of quantum Hall systems beyond the linear-response regime. This provides a theoretical explanation of the remarkable duality, which has been observed in the nonlinear regime for the electromagnetic response of quantum Hall systems.


The invention relates to a process of producing the ethylene glycol by using calcium carbide exhaust gas, and is characterized in that the exhaust gas is led out from a sealed calcium carbide furnace, and then is delivered to an ethylene glycol synthesis system after going through the process of dry dust removal, wet dust collection, desulfation, coal tar removal, transformation and decarbonization. The process opens up the source of the new raw material produced by the ethylene glycol; fully utilizes the CO in the calcium carbide exhaust gas; ensures the CO to be converted into more valuable ethylene glycol product; reduces the production cost of the ethylene glycol; improves the economic benefits of the product; develops the process route for synthesizing the production raw material of the ethylene glycol from the C1 chemical route; and, at the same time, indirectly reduces the cost for the pollution treatment of the calcium carbide exhaust gas, thus being in favor of the establishment of the cyclic economic circle in the field.


: School education is one of supporting factors in students' character building. It can work well if it is supported by the ability of the principal in managing the school. A principal has a big influence in building a school culture and determining an institution's policy of students' character building. This study aims to find out the education leadership values in students' character building at SDN Cicenang I Kecamatan Cigasong Kabupaten Majalengka. This study used analytic-descriptive qualitative approach with case study method. The finding showed that some education leadership values were applied in students' character building. They are respect, responsibility, cooperation and kinship. These education leadership values would give big influence for the institution he leads. The education leadership values will shape the culture of students' character building. Thus, the school is not free value institution because it carries out an education process where values inherent in the process.


trans-Azocyclohexane di-N-oxide is the major product of irradiation (λ 254 nm) of nitroethane in cyclohexane; irradiation (λ > 250 nm) of this nitrosocyclohexane dimer in cyclohexane led to the formation of N-cyclohexylcaprolactam.


ABSTRACT Introduction: There is empirical evidence that training with bimanual grip can improve tennis's technical and tactical level. However, this practice lacks a scientific study supporting its fundamentals and methodological arguments for effective training. Objective: Investigate the influences of two-handed grip training on balance and motor coordination in tennis players. Methods: The study was conducted by literature data collection, experimental testing, and mathematical statistics. A bimanual grip training protocol was designed and tested on volunteer athletes. Biomarkers were collected, discussed, and analyzed inter- and intra-group statistically. Results: After 5 weeks of basic training, there were significant differences in homeostatic control and physical agility between the experimental and control groups. After training, the dynamic balance ability of the experimental group athletes was significantly improved. Conclusion: The study results show that training, according to the proposed protocol, can benefit athletes' dynamic balance and motor coordination, improving motor coordination and balance in practical sports movements. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.


The European Union is a unique blend of harmonised practice and mutual recognition of different regimes. In this paper, we conclude that arguments for continued diversity are more significant than the existing literature recognises. We build on the Varieties of Capitalism argument for trading on (rather than effacing) comparative institutional advantages, as well as Sabel and Zeitlin's for the learning potential of 'directly deliberative polyarchy'. We link these to the emphasis in non-EU focused literature on the lack of robustness implied by one-size fits all. Diversification of gene pool, model or policy regime is essential insurance against unforeseen threats. We also focus on dangers of epistemic closure implied by analytical monocultures in conditions of uncertainty, and on epistemological justifications for disciplined eclecticism in regulation and analysis. The relevance to banking and fiscal union and other policy areas is briefly considered, as are the dangers posed by an emerging German Consensus.


Classic decision tree algorithm is unfit to cope with uncertain data pervaded at both the construction and classification phase. In order to overcome these limitations,D-S decision tree classification algorithm was proposed. This algorithm extended the decision tree technique to an uncertain environment. To avoid the combinatorial explosion that would result from tree construction phase,uncertainty measure operator and aggregation combination operator were introduced. This D-S decision tree is a new classification method applied to uncertain data and shows good performance and can efficiently avoid combinatorial explosion.


Set in a Jat village in 1920s India, and written in stark, spare and elegant prose Come, Before Evening Falls is an unflinching look at the price paid for love in a land where all romance is viewed as an unforgivable trespass. Come, Before Evening Falls tells the tale of a love that is doomed at the outset, not just because the star-crossed lovers are from different castes, but because cultural and social norms of family honour and female propriety are unforgiving and ruthless. The author paints a moving picture of one couple's agonising choice between dutiful obedience to the laws of kin and the pursuit of a love that is prhibited by these very same laws.


Faced with the Kauzmann paradox, glasses have always been a puzzle for condensed matter theorists. We show that in a new picture of condensed matter, which takes into account the coherent interaction mechanisms of QED, glasses are nothing but liquids, whose non coherent fraction is highly depleted, very close to zero near T$_g$, the temperature of glass formation. Using the recently developed QED theory of liquid water, we are also able to give a successful account of the surprising finding of two low-temperature water amorphs and of their phase-transition.


One of the most important factors affecting many physiological processes including the intensity of photosynthesis and thus a proper growth, development and quality of plants is light. Chemical investigations carried out for various vegetable species (lettuce, tomato cucumber) revealed that the use of LED lamps positively affected their growth and phytochemical traits. The present work aims at comparing the effect of supplementary lighting type on the chemical composition and sensory quality of tomato fruits cultivated in the autumn-winter season. Two greenhouse tomato cultivars ('Komeett' F1 and 'Starbuck' F1) were used in this experiment. Fruit quality was evaluated by the content of total sugars, dry matter, nitrate (NO3), phosphorus and potassium. Sensory analysis was carried out using the profile method (QDA). The use of a supplementary light source increased the content of total sugars in 'Komeett' F1 cultivar fruits by 39.4% for HPS and 17.9% when LED light was used. The dry matter content in fruits was at similar level. A lower content of nitrates in tomato fruits was observed in the combinations where plants were lighted with HPS as well as LED lamps. However, there was not a significant effect of supplementary lighting on phosphorus content in tomato fruits. Cultivating tomato with supplementary light significantly affected the fruit sensory quality. Plants supplementary lighted with HPS and LED lamps were characterized by fruit with higher flesh juiciness, sweeter taste and higher overall quality.


Manuel Castells, 1996: The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, Volume 1 ‐ The Rise of the Network Society, Oxford, Blackwell Publishers, 556 pages, paperback. Steven Lukes, 1996: The Curious Enlightenment of Professor Caritat ‐ A Comedy of Ideas, London, Verso, 261 pages, paperback.


Isezaki Jun (b. 1936) is the most recent of the four Bizen-yaki potters to be awarded the Japanese National Living Treasure designation. Isezaki received the title in 2004. He is known for his harmonious integration of contemporary forms with traditional Bizen styles. Hidasuki is one of his trademark methods, and this yunomi is an excellent example.


Abstract Purpose:Because of the faith community's historical response to HIV/AIDS, some religious leaders, local community activists, and public health professionals are challenging this institution to get involved in the struggle against HIV especially among adolescents. The paper reviews the historic process and reports findings from a study, which assess Southern Rural Florida pastors' perception of and involvement in STI/HIV prevention education of their adolescent members. Method:Surveys were administered to 43 African-American pastors of three denominations to describe existing STI/HIV prevention efforts targeting adolescents within their churches and pastors' perceptions of the STI/HIV and drug prevention needs of their adolescent members. Results:Forty-two percent of the churches had existing educational prevention discussions focused on condom use, pregnancy and STI/HIV prevention, and what constitutes appropriate sexual behavior, while 58% did not. Pastors with program (83%) and without program (64%) desired specifically designed formal prevention programs. All pastors desired program content consistent with abstinence while 50% and 39% desired additional content on condom use and negotiating safer sex behavior, respectively. Conclusion:The existence of faith-based prevention programs offers hope as churches assume a facilitator role in prevention services; however, their rather narrow and conservative agenda may be perceived as a barrier to effective intervention prevention.


This sociological study of the last 30 years of the Yugoslavian state analyzes its distintegration through the examination of state and society. It emphasizes the role of both the official ideology of self-management and nationalism in the destruction of the federation.


Ten cyanobacterial species ( Nostoc calcicola , Nostoc commune, Nostoc entophytum, Nostoc minutum, Nostoc palndosum, Nostoc passerianum, Nostoc punctiforme, Anabaena ambigua, Anabaena amomala, and Anabaena doliolum ) were isolated from the mangrove region of Ras Mohammed (Sinai, Egypt), and were tested for their allelopathic activities including inhibitory and/or promoting effects against two Gram positive bacteria ( Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus ) and two Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ). Data suggested two types of allelopathic effects: one type which always appeared in cyanobacterial medium as in the case with N. minutum (medium that inhibits the growth of all tested bacterial species). The other type is induced only when cyanobacteria are in contact with bacteria; this is the case when the growth of both B. subtilis and S. aureus were inhibited in co-culture with N. commune. On the other hand, promotion effects of bacterial growth were observed when grown in cyanobacterial metabolites in most of studied cyanobacterial species. The biological assays for aqueous and methanolic extracts of the two Nostoc species revealed that both extracts for each species were not toxic at concentrations of 0.52 and 0.59 g L -1 water extract for N. commune and N. minutum , respectively and 0.31 and 0.425 g L -1 for methanolic extract for N. commune and N. minutum , respectively. No mortality was observed in tested mice within 72 h.


The purpose of this study was to examine pervasive trends in oral cancer in different countries in an effort to discuss what to do to prevent cancer and drop a death rate. The materials of the study were selected from among articles of oral cancer by searching risk factor and epidemiology at a website (www.oraloncology.com). As a result of analyzing the selected literature, it's found that in our country, the percentage of oral cancer in total cancer dropped but the number of oral cancer patients was on the rise every year. In foreign countries, the number of oral cancer patients was on the increase as well, whereas the lethality dropped. In terms of demographic characteristics, the incidence rate of oral cancer was higher among men than women overall. The incidence rate of oral cancer was larger among older people. The major causes of oral cancer were smoking and drinking. To reduce the incidence rate of oral cancer, every possible institutional, administrative and legal measure should be taken to ensure of anti-smoking policies, and publicity of moderation in and abstinence from drinking should be reinforced. The additional causes of oral cancer were demographic characteristics by country and region. The incidence of oral cancer was under the influence of that was affected when the level of personal economy and education was low. Therefore it's important to redress social imbalance within a country and among countries to remove socioeconomic divide. As the oral cancer patients has increased every year, the incidence rate of it should accurately be grasped, and sustained research efforts should be made in consideration of demographic characteristics. Early diagnosis, public oral health education and preventive policies are all required to decrease the incidence rate of oral cancer.