WHATEVER may be the defects of American educational v practice, no one can maintain that educational theory is ever at a standstill. No sooner has one theory been propounded than another is suggested to take its place, even before it has been given a serious trial in practice. It may be well to remind ourselves of this vitality and of this succession of theories. The century opened with the dominance of the Herbartian theory and no sooner had we begun to talk glibly of apperception and interest than the changes began to be rung on those terms and new models began to appear. Very soon these were supplanted by the socialized recitation until there was an uneasy feeling that the individual was not receiving his due share of training, and educational literature began to stress how to study and how to think. If the pupil only learned how to study and how to think then his activity would lead him to further activity, a process which would offset the mischief that always attends idleness. But activity had to be crystallized around some end or purpose, and so there appeared the problem and then the project. Educational salvation was now guaranteed by the propulsive effect of purposeful activity centering around a problem. Some uneasiness in regard to the current educational methods seems again to be manifested, and quite recently a demand has begun to be made for social planning to furnish the compass by which purposing should be steered, and all the ills that beset our modern social organization are to be cured by social planning through the school.


The utility model discloses a high-temperature fluid detection system, comprising a high-temperature gas mass flow measurement and control executing part, a high-temperature connection cable and a signal processing and controlling part, wherein the high-temperature gas mass flow measurement and control executing part and the signal processing and controlling part are separately arranged and are connected through a high-temperature connection cable. The signal processing and controlling part is arranged under a normal-temperature environment, thus the high-temperature fluid detection system disclosed by the utility model has the advantages of avoiding a high-temperature environment, reducing requirements on a circuit component, improving the reliability of the system and being capable of precisely controlling the high-temperature gas mass flow under the high-temperature environment.


With the continuous construction of expressway projects in mountain areas in recent years,the problems of large longitudinal slope and high temperature stability has drawn increasing attention from pavement structure engineers.Besides,integrated contradictions on pavement design,such as slide and abrasion resistance,crack resistance at low temperature,water damage resistance and special bridge and tunnel paving,have become more and more distinct.Taking the project of Hurong west expressway as a platform,brief conclusions were made in this paper,focusing on key technical questions in pavement design under special topoclimate conditions.This paper can be a reference for the type selection of pavement structure for highways of the same type.


Carefully selected examples from texts and dialects of the whole Phoenician-Punic period bring to life the grammatical description of this language. Included are fully vocalized Punic and Neo-Punic inscriptions of Roman Tripolitiana in Latin orthography as well as the literary fragments of Punic drama as found in Plautus' comedy Poenulus. This classical descriptive grammar of the Phoenician-Punic language (1200 BCE - 350 CE) presents the reader with a full picture: its phonology, orthography, morphology, syntax and usage. Its history and its various dialects are dealt with in an introduction. Hebraists and Semitists will find the description of the verbal system of particular interest to them, especially that of the literary language, which holds that tense and aspect reference of a given form of the verb is largely a function of syntax, not morphology. Much of this grammatical material is presented here for the first time.


Histamine as a neurotransmitter participates in modulation of pain transmission within the central nervous system. Exogenous histamine administered intracerebroventricularly (icv) as well as endogenous histamine, after blockage of its catabolism by histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) inhibitors, which leads to an increase in endogenous histamine concentrations, produce an antinociceptive effect. On the other hand, there is an activation of the histaminergic system, with the increase in histamine turnover and/or release from neurones, in response to potentially dangerous stimuli disturbing homeostasis, including changes in blood pressure, dehydration and nociceptive stimuli. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the influence of prior restraint immobilisation stress on HNMT inhibitor SKF 91488-induced antinociceptive effect in rats. SKF 91488 (100 μg icv) produced an increase in endogenous histamine concentrations 15 min after treatment in the cerebral cortex (1.09 ± 0.11 vs. 0.61 ± 0.22 nmol/g; p < 0.01), hypothalamus (5.67 ± 0.64 vs. 4.11 ± 0.49 nmol/g; p < 0.01) and medulla oblongata (0.53 ± 0.19 vs. 0.32 ± 0.08 nmol/g; p < 0.05) in comparison to saline-treated group. The effect was accompanied by a dose-dependent (50-100 μg icv) analgesic action both in tail-flick test and paw pressure test (Randall-Selitto test). Prior restraint stress increased SKF 91488-induced effect, however, it did not change central histamine concentrations. The restraint stress alone did not influence central histamine concentrations as well as nociceptive responses. The study confirms that SKF 91488 is an effective in vivo inhibitor of HNMT activity which increases endogenous central histamine concentrations, and thus produces an antinociceptive action. Moreover, prior restraint stress increases endogenous histamine-induced influence on pain transmission, possibly as a result of the activation of the histaminergic system. K e y w o r d s: endogenous histamine, pain perception, restraint stress, rat


Proportion of disease is growing due to the malnutrition and sedentary life. In this work, a diet list is proposed to the user by calculating the necessary amount of calorie according to gender, weight, height, age and activity level. Diet list are prepared for seven days of a week as divided by six meals. Parameter assessment of users and offering recommendations are made via fuzzy expert system. Prepared diet list are constituted considering calories of nutrients and based on the dieticians' general diet list proposals. Developed software also includes some functions such as nutrition advices, calculation of ideal weight, information about benefits of several nutrients and calorie evaluation of some daily activities. Thus, nutrition suggestion software carried out against for growing obesity and healthy eating problems in order that people would educate themselves about wellness.


We investigated the optimal etching conditions and properties of the surface change due to molten KOH/NaOH chemical wet etching using an AlN wafer which has been put to practical use in the present study. Results were observed using a scanning electron microscope after 5 minutes etching at 350 o C, was found to have a surface form of the respective other Al-face, the N-face. In particular, etch-pit in the form of a hexagon, which is observed in the Al-face appeared, It was calculated at 2 × 10 6 /cm 2 ~10 10 /cm 2 dislocation density. In the case of N-face, lattice defects in the form of the hexagonal pyramids is formed. It was discovered that in order to observe the orientation of the wafer, which corresponds to the Caxis direction of the resulting hexagonal AlN which was analyzed using XRD (0002) and is a state of being oriented in the (0004) plane. The Radius of curvature of AlN wafer was 1.6~17 m measured by DC-XRD rocking curve position.


The abundance, vertical distribution and temporal development of picocyanobacterial (Pcy) populations in the meromictic Lake La Cruz (Cuenca, Spain) was studied in the context of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the lake. Pcy developed dense populations through the oxic waters in spring, but a strong decrease in Pcy abundance in the epilimnion occurred in late spring and early summer linked to nitrogen exhaustion in epilimnetic waters. The highest abundance (up to 7 x 10 6 cells per ml) was found in summer in the bottom part of the thermocline. This abundance is among the highest reported so far for oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes. The higher phycoerythrin content in deep Pcy cells allows these cyanobacteria to efficiently harvest the predominant yellow-green light available in the metalimnion, where nutrient availability during stratification is higher than in the epilimnion. Sinking losses were important for the Pcy population of Lake La Cruz in mid-summer, when Pcy settling strongly increased linked to a whiting event caused by calcium carbonate precipitation. although Pcy settling was much lower during the rest of the year.


The development of medical device technology has led to the rapid growth of medical imaging data. The reconstruction from two-dimensional images to three-dimensional volume visualization not only shows the location and shape of lesions from multiple views but also provides intuitive simulation for surgical treatment. However, the three-dimensional reconstruction process requires the high performance execution of image data acquisition and reconstruction algorithms, which limits the application to equipments with limited resources. Therefore, it is difficult to apply on many online scenarios, and mobile devices cannot meet high-performance hardware and software requirements. This paper proposes an online medical image rendering and real-time three-dimensional (3D) visualization method based on Web Graphics Library (WebGL). This method is based on a four-tier client-server architecture and uses the method of medical image data synchronization to reconstruct at both sides of the client and the server. The reconstruction method is designed to achieve the dual requirements of reconstruction speed and quality. The real-time 3D reconstruction visualization of large-scale medical images is tested in real environments. During the interaction with the reconstruction model, users can obtain the reconstructed results in real-time and observe and analyze it from all angles. The proposed four-tier client-server architecture will provide instant visual feedback and interactive information for many medical practitioners in collaborative therapy and tele-medicine applications. The experiments also show that the method of online 3D image reconstruction is applied in clinical practice on large scale image data while maintaining high reconstruction speed and quality.


Abstract The question of the generation of millennial oscillations by internal ocean dynamics is studied through deliberate use of the simplest geometry and surface forcing, namely a hemispheric ocean with time-independent mixed boundary conditions (autonomous system). The lowest-order model that supports free oscillations has three horizontal and two vertical boxes. The essential ingredients permitting the existence of the oscillations are turbulent mixing and freshwater forcing. The finite amplitude oscillations share the advective–convective–diffusive characteristics of neighboring stable thermal and haline steady states. There are limits to the quantity of precipitation in polar regions for the existence of oscillatory states. When the freshwater forcing amplitude is increased, the system evolves from a stable thermal state through a global bifurcation to a finite amplitude limit cycle. The period of the limit cycle remains constant when freshwater is increased until at a second global bifurcation it ...


Introduction Long waiting time is an important barrier to accessing recommended care for low back pain (LBP) in Australia's public health system. This study describes the protocol for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) that aims to establish the feasibility of delivering and evaluating stratified care integrated with telehealth ('Rapid Stratified Telehealth'), which aims to reduce waiting times for LBP. Methods and analysis We will conduct a single-centre feasibility and pilot RCT with nested qualitative interviews. Sixty participants with LBP newly referred to a hospital outpatient clinic will be randomised to receive Rapid Stratified Telehealth or usual care. Rapid Stratified Telehealth involves matching the mode and type of care to participants' risk of persistent disabling pain (using the Keele STarT MSK Tool) and presence of potential radiculopathy. 'Low risk' patients are matched to one session of advice over the telephone, 'medium risk' to telehealth physiotherapy plus App-based exercises, 'high risk' to telehealth physiotherapy, App-based exercises, and an online pain education programme, and 'potential radiculopathy' fast tracked to usual in-person care. Primary outcomes include the feasibility of delivering Rapid Stratified Telehealth (ie, acceptability assessed through interviews with clinicians and patients, intervention fidelity, appointment duration, App useability and online pain education programme usage) and evaluating Rapid Stratified Telehealth in a future trial (ie, recruitment rates, consent rates, lost to follow-up and missing data). Secondary outcomes include waiting times, number of appointments, intervention and healthcare costs, clinical outcomes (pain, function, quality of life, satisfaction), healthcare use and adverse events (AEs). Quantitative analyses will be descriptive and inform a future adequately-powered RCT. Interview data will be analysed using thematic analysis. Ethics and dissemination This study has received approval from the Ethics Review Committee (RPAH Zone: X21-0221). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. Trial registration number ACTRN12621001104842.


This paper reports a study on densification and microstructural changes, which were occurred during transient liquid phase sintering of Alumix 431. The objective was to find the optimum sintering temperature for obtaining higher densities and improved mechanical properties. For this purpose, the commercial Al powder mixture ECKA Alumix 431 was pressed at 400 MPa and sintered under pure nitrogen in a broad range of temperature between 580 and 620◦C for 30 minutes in N2. The effect of sintering temperature was evaluated by measuring sintered density, transverse rupture strength, dynamic Young's modulus, and macrohardness. The optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy used for studying microstructural characterization and fracture surface of the resulting materials, respectively. It could be observed that the sintered density increases with higher sintering temperature up to a certain limit, rearrangement as well as pore elimination due to transient liquid phase sintering being helpful. On the other hand, too high sintering temperatures are unwelcome either apparently as a consequence of Zn evaporation and microstructural change such as grain growth. It was found that the maximum sintered density for Alumix 431 is attained by sintering at the range of 610◦C when the amount of liquid phase is satisfactory.


Purpose
This paper aims to develop a comprehensive model on intra- and interpersonal emotion regulation (ER) in hospitality and tourism (H&T) service encounters.

Design/methodology/approach
A critical review and reflection of ER research from multiple disciplines was conducted. Methodologies appropriate for investigating ER were also reviewed.

Findings
A comprehensive framework was proposed to outline key influential factors, processes and consequences of intra- and interpersonal ER in service encounters in the H&T industry. Methodologies integrating advanced tools were suggested to measure complex and dynamic emotion generation and regulation processes in social interactions from a multimodal perspective.

Research limitations/implications
The researchers developed a comprehensive conceptual model on both intra- and interpersonal ER based on a critical review of the most recent psychological research on ER. Various theoretical and methodological considerations are discussed, offering H&T scholars a solid starting point to explore dynamic emotion generation and regulation processes in complex social settings. Moreover, the model provides future directions for the expansion of ER theories, which have been mostly developed and tested based on laboratory research.

Originality/value
The proposed model addresses two critical issues identified in emotion research in the H&T field: the lack of a dynamic perspective and the neglect of the social nature of emotions. Moreover, the model provides a roadmap for future research.


Studying foraging planning in primates is quite challenging: most primates are social, live in cohesive groups and move together which make the interpretation of the individual decision process difficult. So far, information on the decision making of primate solitary foragers or pair foragers is missing. To fill this gap, in our study, we assessed the ranging behaviour of two nocturnal prosimian species in a dry deciduous forest of North-West Madagascar: the grey mouse lemur, a solitary forager, and the woolly lemur, living as cohesive pairs. We radiocollared and followed 7 Microcebus murinus (females) and 12 (6 males, 6 females) Avahi occidentalis during both dry and rainy seasons. We collected behavioural data ad libitum using focal animal sampling and recorded the path of each focal animal with a Global Positioning System device. We calculated the total nightly path length, the mean travel speed and determined the different movement phases of a travel. Moreover, we analyzed the paths using the Change-Point Test (CPT; Byrne et al., 2009) method to determine the point at which an animal ́s travel path becomes directed at a location based on the statistical characteristics of its route. Our results showed that nocturnal lemurs directed their travel to important resources. We discuss the effect of the season on the travel path length and travel speed. This study gives first empirical evidence for the decision making as well as for navigational and planning abilities during foraging in nocturnal primates using observations of their travel under natural conditions.


The paper mainly discusses the effectiveness evaluation problem of weapon systems.The disadvantages of present methods are studied,two new conceps of campaign system and comprehensive effectiveness proposed, and several critical problem in the study of comprehensive effectiveness analyzed, followed by some preliminary solving method or ideas.


The investigation clarified, during the winter season 1977-78, the prevalence and modes of use of studded tyres as well as stud protrusions, stud forces, number of studs and other stud and tyre parameters in studded tyres used in traffic. The measurements and observations were made on cars halted on highways in different locations in Finland. On the average 92% of cars used studded tyres. The stud protrusion was 1,1 mm on the average and the stud force 156n. In studded friction tyres the stud force was, because of greater stud protrusion, 10n higher on the average than in the other studded tyres. The type acceptance required studded tyres since autumn 1976 to have reduced stud forces and protrusions, but has at the same time increased the service life of studded tyres. In trucks studded tyres are usually used only on the front axle. The use of studded tyres varied considerably regionally and according to the intended use of the truck. It was 33% in southern Finland and 79% in northern Finland. On tankers transporting fuel and on delivery vehicles, the use of studs was clearly more common than in other use groups. (TRRL)


In pursuit of total quality management (TQM), firms have used quality awards as models for strategic implementation of their quality initiatives. Many researchers have written about the process of implementing TQM, but few have discussed content. Content is defined as the substance of TQM activities that have an impact on firm performance and the ability to compete. This paper offers two propositions for implementing quality models and using them effectively. The first proposition proposes that national and international award criteria are evolving towards content considerations. The second proposition addresses ways in which the various award criteria link content with process in evaluating TQM as a strategic initiative. An analysis is provided of the national and international quality awards of the United States, Europe, Japan, Canada and Australia, which includes the similarities and differences of their underlying quality principles, core values and evaluation criteria. As these awards are updated and improved, a trend towards a uniform global definition and a model of quality organizational performance is evolving. The awards are evolving to include strategic content that does not just blindly following a strategy process. The quality awards provide a foundation for assessing and encouraging total quality management in the global economy.


We prove Harary?s conjecture that for any graph G with n edges and without isolated vertices r(K3, G) ? 2n + 1.


Copper wiring forming method is disclosed. An insulating film is formed a copper wiring pattern including an opening on the wafer. It is deposited and the opening surface of the insulating film for preventing copper diffusion pattern on the top surface dielectric barrier film. Removing the barrier dielectric film is formed on the bottom surface of the opening and to leave the barrier dielectric film is formed on the side wall of the opening portion of the dielectric barrier etching film. The copper film is filled inside the opening to be filled. The copper film is polished so that the dielectric barrier film is exposed on the insulating layer pattern. Selectively depositing a metal film on the copper film pingyong cap. According to this method, it is possible to form a copper film having a uniform surface in the wafer. Further, the copper wiring process becomes simple, there is an effect that the reliability of the copper wires.


ABSTRACT
Introduction: Noise is variously found in the urban context of large cities, interfering with daily life and directly with the welfare of the population. Objective: To identify the discomfort caused by urban noise among traders of commercial establishments located in the surroundings of a public market, whose streets are notoriously noisy, in the city of Joao Pessoa. Material and Methods: A total of 89 traders (aged between 18 and 65 years) of commercial establishments were submitted to a semi-structured questionnaire adapted from PETIAN (2008). Noise measurement was performed at the door of each establishment. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CCS, UFPB). Results: The sound intensity identified in the establishments reached 94dB. The noise was found to be the greatest cause of discomfort for participants, with weighted average of 2.35. In addition, the source of noise that bothers the most is that coming from audio cars (1.45). Concerning the auditory complaints, there was prevalence of tinnitus (38.20%) and, among the extra-auditory ones, headache and stress predominated (reported by 66.29% of study subjects). Conclusions: The noise proved to be the factor that most generates discomfort to the traders, especially that coming from audio cars. A significant proportion of traders reported auditory and extra-auditory complaints. Thus, the adoption of measures for noise control in this region of the capital of Paraiba state is urgent, in order to avoid worsening the quality of life of residents and workers from this area.

DESCRIPTORS
Noise Effects. Noise Control. Occupational Risks.


Introduction: Patients (pts) with short bowel syndrome (SBS) have high morbidity and mortality mainly related to their residual intestinal anatomy/ function and clinical status. Better outcomes are achieved when this condition is managed at a comprehensive multidisciplinary unit. Aim: To analyze long-term results and chances of achieving Intestinal Sufficiency (IS) of all children with SBS referred to a comprehensive Intestinal Failure, Rehabilitation and Transplant Unit from 3/2006 to 12/2018 Material and methods: This is a retrospective review of a prospectively filled database, including pediatric pts with SBS.Demographic data, diagnosis, nutritional status, parenteral nutrition (PN) support, as % of the basal metabolic rate (no protein Kcal), intestinal anatomy type (1 -terminal jejunostomy-; 2 -jejuno colonic anastomosis; 3 -jejuno-ileo colonic anastomosis; subtypes by length: A< 40 cm and B > 40 cm; treatment implemented [Groups: PN+MR (PN + Medical Rehabilitation); SR+MR (Surgical + Medical Rehabilitation) and ITx (Intestinal Transplantation)]. were analyzed on SPSS. Results: 62 pts with SBS out of 102 pts with chronic intestinal failure admitted in our program, were analyzed. 41 were male, 25 premature, 48 with neonatal SBS. Etiology of SBS included: gastroschisis (15), intestinal atresia (11), Hirschprung (10), NEC (10), post natal volvulus (7) and perinatal volvulus (4). Pts ́ anatomy type, PN at referral, initial and last follow-up visit nutritional status, are shown in Table 1. Median (IQR) time on PN before referral 0.62 (0.25–2.2) years. Figure 1 shows treatment implemented and outcomes. In the long term 30 (48.4%) pts were able to achieve IS; 25 % of the pts of the PN+MR group, Median IQR 1.2 (1–2.4) years since PN initiation (sPNi); 69% of the SR+MR group Median (IQR) 5.3 (1.4–8.9) years sPNi; and 76% of the ITx group (Median (IQR): 7 (2.5–10.8) sPNi, (PN+MR vs SR+MR and ITx: p= 0.004). From the ITx group, 5 pts failed in the long-term, re-starting PN, 2 died. Other 2 ITx pts died with IS. The overall 1, 5 and 10-year survival sPNi: 97%, 65.4% and 61.2% respectively, independently of the treatment implemented. Conclusions: Although IS could be achieved under each line of therapy group, SR+MR allowed higher rate of IS with long term maintenance; ITx had higher chances of achieving IS, but there is drop out in the long term. Longterm survival of pts with SBS can be achieved when they are managed under a comprehensive program.


Abstract An idea of special interest to coaches in climates where the baseball teams have only a few weeks of outdoor practice before scheduled league game is played. Here's how to pick your squad in the gym.


Objective To explore the current problems of the hand hygiene of medical staff and provide the countermeasures by investigating and monitoring the situation of hand hygiene of the medical staffs in the hospital of different levels in Guangzhou. Methods An irregular sampling monitor of the hand hygiene of medical staff in medical activities were taken to analyze disinfection effects. Results For the monitored 188 medical staffs in 2014,the qualificatioin rate of disinfection effect was 84. 00%,and no significant differences were found in disinfection effect between doctors and the nurses( X2= 0. 024,p 0. 05). But there was a significant difference in the total qualification rate between 2014 and 2013( X2= 4. 346,p 0. 05). Among the key monitoring departments with high- risk of infection,including operating room,ICU,neonatal room,obstetrical department and hemodialysis room,to general departments,including clinics,treatment rooms and stomatological department,there were no significant differences in the qualified rate of hand hygiene effect( X2= 0. 854,p 0. 05). There were no significant differences in the qualification rate of hand hygiene among the hospitals of all levels,either( X2= 1. 100,p 0. 05). Conclusion The hand hygiene of all- level hospitals needs to be strengthened in management. The hand hygiene quality of medical staff needs to be improved by a long- term effective management combined with the monitoring,guidance and improvement of the corresponding measures to effectively prevent and control hospital infections.


Summary: A double-blind crossover clinical trial designed to evaluate the mucolytic activity of bromhexine hydrochloride on sputum was completed by 15 patients with chronic lung disease. All the subjects chosen were troubled by production of tenacious mucoid or mucopurulent sputum at the beginning of the trial. Each subject received 16 mg of bromhexine by mouth, three times daily and identical appearance placebo tablets, for an equal number of weeks, in random sequence.

Twenty-four-hour sputum production was collected for each subject throughout the trial. Viscosity of sputum was evaluated with a Wells-Brookfield Micro-Viscometer Model RVT, studying the highest viscosity sample produced per 24-hour period. In eight patients some significant decrease in sputum viscosity was observed during bromhexine therapy. In one patient a significant decrease in sputum viscosity was observed while he was receiving the placebo. The mean sputum viscosity for all 15 patients considered as a group was significantly lower during bromhexine therapy than during the placebo therapy.

It is concluded from the results obtained that bromhexine has a demonstrable mucolytic effect on tenacious sputum and consequently may play a useful role in the management of patients with chronic lung disease involving the production of high viscosity bronchial secretions.


You and Xu (1) present an analysis of the monthly timing of wildfires in the western United States in 2020 compared to the 2003 to 2021 mean. They find that the timing of wildfires was shifted later in the season in 2020 compared to prior years and that this is the reason for earlier snowmelt timing in 2020. With respect to our manuscript, they state that "the potential impact of changes in wildfire patterns on snowpack melting at high elevations needs to be reconsidered." While this analysis of wildfire timing is interesting, it does not relate directly to the findings in our paper (2). First, our results of earlier snowmelt timing after wildfire were for a specific study area, not for the full western United States. The study area fire was a late-season fire, and it was definitely affected by "impurities such as black carbon and burned woody debris," as stated by You and Xu (1). Indeed, this is one of the reasons we highlighted as a cause of earlier snowmelt. This deposition of burned materials affects the snowpack throughout the snow season, not just during early snow accumulation. In cases where snow falls on an actively burning fire, the hot temperatures would certainly reduce the likelihood of snow accumulation until the ground cools down. However, at our study locations, the fire passed through in August, long before snow started to accumulate in October 2020. Understanding the effect of fire timing on the snowpack would require a more nuanced analysis than presented by You and Xu (1). First, such an analysis could identify whether the onset of snowfall overlapped with active burn areas. This would need


Japanese feudal villages in the Shogunate had the duty to submit each village map and yearly statistics including housholds, population, livestocks, field area with its harvests and fertility, and irrigation system to the local administrators. Especially with respect to the village map a new administrator, in spite of yearly submission ordered to submit a revised map.The writer shows in this paper an example of the village map in the abolition of the feudal clans in 1869. The autholities Shinagawa Prefecture, Tokyo Metropolitan Area in the present, ordered to submit each village map according to the abolition of the feudal system. However, each village was obliged to submit an old map because of the sudden order. Therefore, The prefectural authorities orderd again to revise them four times in 1869. An example of the last edition, a map of Kyodo-Zaike village, shows the village statistics in the blank space of map. This is a special type of the sudmition. The other examples of the prefecture show almost the same pattern and they are rare examples of the reports of village status in the abolition period.


ALCOHOLISM is a medical problem with an increasingly detrimental impact on society. In the United States, the number of patients with alcoholism is now estimated to exceed 10 million, and in large ...


Three of the all-time greats of Sydney Rugby League drop into the studio this week to have a chat with Macca.

Ian also replays some more of the interviews he's recorded on his recent travels around the country; and he also gets phone calls from the Port Augusta and Wollongong areas.


San Diego—"By the time you're 80 years old, you've learned everything.Youonlyhave to remember it," quipped comedianGeorgeBurns at various points throughout his lengthy career. Holdingon tomemorieswithage is fundamental to one's sense of well-being. But although aging is a risk factor for dementias that bring about serious and disabling memory decline, a good portion of older adults remain sharp and quick-witted into their 90s and beyond, experiencing perhaps only minor or annoying alterations in memory and cognitive function. So what distinguishes a healthy aging brain from one in the grips of a dementing illness? Researchers at the annual 2013 Society forNeurosciencemeetingheldhere in November presented insights into how the brain ages normally across a life span and howthosealterationscomparewithchanges thatoccur inbrainsaffectedby injuryorneurodegeneration.


This article documents the use of portable georadar for measuring the thickness of sea ice. This device was developed to replace the method for measuring ice thickness by drilling ice holes. The device based on the use of the LOZA georadar (ground penetrating radar, GPR) and a specially developed method of field measurements when landing on the studied ice formations. The study of the thickness and structure of sea ice by radar method is a complex problem. The salinity of sea ice determines its significant conductivity, which, in turn, causes a large attenuation of the electromagnetic signal of the georadar. The widespread GPR with a pulse power of 50–100 W are not applicable for sounding sea ice precisely because of the large signal attenuation. The LOZA instrument is equipped with a transmitter with a pulse power of 1 MW. This is, on average, 10,000 times greater than that of "traditional" GPRs. Multiple measurements of the thickness of ice formations, carried out on the one-year ice of the eastern shelf of Sakhalin Island during winter expeditions of 2016 and 2019, have shown that the device can quickly, accurately and with a high spatial resolution measure the thickness of both flat and highly deformed ice (hummocks, rafted ice, and rubble field) over large areas.


The purpose of this proceeding is twofold. Firstly, we shall make the refining of the Gribov-Zwanziger action more complete by taking into account more condensates than considered so far. Secondly, we shall provide more evidence for the refined Gribov-Zwanziger action based on an effective potential approach.


One- and two-electron densities are calculated for the ground state of the lithium atom starting from a highly accurate Hylleraas-type wave function. An analytical parametrization for those densities is obtained, which allows one to calculate both the form factor and the structure factor. Electronic correlation effects are discussed in terms of these densities and related functions such as the Coulomb hole. The calculation of the densities has been performed by means of the Monte Carlo method.


*Correspondence: David Bell Address: 1900 Crestwood Blvd, Suite 201, Irondale, AL 35210, USA e-mail : email@example.com Received: 22 March 2021; Accepted: 26 March 2021 Copyright: © 2021 Bell DS. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.


Derived from the author's doctoral dissertation, this book is on a complicated but pressing topic for Asia, which is arguably the world's most vibrant region in all three most indispensable respect...


Objective To explore the clinical value of lymph node micrometastasis by immunohischemical method with monoclonal antibody in patients with cervical cancer in early stage. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect cytokeratin in 370 lymph nodes from 30 cases of cervical cancer. All patients were not given chemotherapy or radiotherapy before operation.The conventional pathological diagnosis had showed that there was no lymph node metastasis. Results 5(16.67%)of 30 cases. Among the lymph nodes with micrometata- sis,the positive rate of external iliac lymph nodes and obturator lymph nodes was 3.19% and 5.68%. the positive rate of inguinal Lymph nodes was 1.61%. the positive rate of obtutator lymph nodes was the maxlmum (P 0.05). Conclusion There is micrometastasis in the pelvic lymph nodes around the cervical cancer of early stage. The positive rate of micrometastasis inceased with the number of lymph nodes. The positive rate of obturator lymph nodes was higer than other lymph nodes. Meanwhile,the micrometastasis increases with the progression of clinical stage. These results can be hepful for the tumor stage,treatment and prognosis evaluation


Hubble Imaging Michelson Spectrometer (HIMS), a proposed instrument currently completing its definition phase, is designed to provide background-limited imaging capability and to exploit the diffraction-limited imaging capability of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the wavelength range extending from 1000 to 2500 nanometers. The HIMS instrument also provides spectral resolution with resolving power [λ/Δλ] from 1 to 104. The basic opto-mechanical characteristics and design considerations for the instrument are described.


The control system of performance tester for auto combined switch is introduced in this paper.The system uses PC a its main computer and driven by a hybrid stepping motor.The actual force characteristics of the auto combined switch can be measured on line.Through the program asritten in C++ builder and using API function,the interface between the computer and the tester is realized,and then the whole system can be controled by the computer.


Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase (PI3-K) and the downstream kinases Akt and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) have recently been implicated in regulating both microtubule (MT) dynamics and organisation. Here we review the role of this signalling pathway in controlling MTs, and explore ways in which the kinases and their substrates may co-operate to spatially regulate MTs in different contexts.


Google and like search engines have changed the way library users search and retrieve information. The typical library user has come to expect discovery or other search tools to provide one‐stop (one‐box) searching with seamless and immediate results. While our students and faculty are traveling on this new discovery highway, not all of our library faculty and staff have made it to the on‐ramp for this new approach of searching (Thinking).


The effects of thiodipropionic acid (TDPA) in preventing decomposition of tocopherol (Toc) in each oil (soybean, olive, palm and hardened palm oils), and changes in the peroxide values of soybean oil with different degrees of oxidative rancidness with TDPA during the oven test at 60°C were investigated. Toc content and peroxide values were determined by HPLC and the JOCS official method 2.4.12-71, respectively.TDPA suppressed the oxidation of each oil and decomposition of Toc in each oil during the oven test at 60°C. The ratio of the decomposition of peroxide in oxidative rancid oil (POV10130) increased with the concentration of TDPA. The decomposition of Toc in peroxide from which oxidative rancid oil had been removed during storage at 60°C was observed. Peroxide may thus be concluded not to bring about the composition of Toc in oil. These results indicated the decomposition of Toc in oil to possibly be due to secondary products from peroxide.


The early development of microcircuit technology semiconductor devices and their properties - a black box introduction the preparation of slices of electronic grade silicon the characterization of materials and processes the oxidation of silicon photolithography etching diffusion metallization systems assembly and packaging disassembly and failure analysis buried channels, isolations and interconnects the components of integrated circuits integrated circuits integrated circuit design rules and computer-aided design physical constants and conversions fron non-SI units important materials constants.


The signal transmission device for an elevator, comprising: a control panel provided, the control signal transmission console; field provided by the control signal sub-control station; with a balanced type transmission path from the connector to the console, and balanced signal into an unbalanced signal outputted to the master station to a sub-station controller interface means; and a transmission path connected to the unbalanced sub-control station and with the other connection to a balanced type transmission path from the sub-console and converting the unbalanced signal to console another balanced signal to the console interface device. Compared with the prior art apparatus, having anti-noise, high transmission efficiency and low cost advantages.


CASE DESCRIPTION The purpose of this case is to highlight the risks and potential rewards of starting and/or investing in a community bank. This case, based on the formation of Park Meridian and Park Sterling Banks in Charlotte, NC, is intended for junior level courses in corporate finance, management, money and banking, or investments. The case can be discussed in 1 -2 class periods and will require 2-3 hours of outside preparation by students. Specifically, students will assess the unique challenges faced by community banks and evaluate the attractiveness of investing in a de novo bank. Secondary issues include the importance of qualified management and the role of bank directors. CASE SYNOPSIS Larry Carroll, a prominent financial planner practicing in Charlotte, North Carolina, read with interest an article in the Charlotte Observer announcing the formation of a new community bank. Larry contacted the President of the proposed bank to express his interest in joining the organizing group. Through their efforts, Park Meridian Bank commenced operations. After ten years of steady growth, Park Meridian Bank was sold to Regions Bank. Larry experienced an attractive return on his investment. Now, Larry desires to "do it again!" He is now leading an effort to start another community bank and has recruited his friend and business colleague, Mike Evans, to join him in this business endeavor. Mike is extremely excited and flattered that he has been invited to join the organizing group. However, Mike faces some challenges. The reader will be introduced to the issues Mike faces in making the decision whether to participate or not. INTRODUCTION Larry Carroll, CFP(r), CMFC, read with interest an announcement in the Charlotte Observer that Kevin Kennelly, Sr., a former executive with NCNB National Bank was spearheading an effort to start a new community bank in Charlotte, North Carolina. Larry was President of a very successful financial planning firm. Further, he was nationally recognized as one of the country's leading financial planners. He previously served as National Chairman of the Financial Planning Association and was regularly listed among the top financial planners in the country by publications such as Barron's. Larry was well aware of the favorable investment performance of community banks. He had the desire and necessary capital to participate in the formation of a de novo bank. He pondered how he might be introduced to the key principals. Larry felt that his financial planning background, reputation in the Charlotte community and large client base would be assets for any group seeking to start a community bank. He asked himself, "How do I position myself to be invited to join the organizing group?" The organizers planned to start a niche bank that would cater to small business owners and affluent individuals. They wanted to offer a brand of private banking to their target market. The bank would be lead by Kevin Kennelly, Sr. and Bryan Kennedy. Each brought a wealth of banking experience and strong ties to the local community to the proposed venture. Larry discussed his interest with Kelly Graves, one of his partners. It turned out that Kelly knew Kevin Kennelly, Sr. Introductions were facilitated and after phone and face-to-face discussions, it was mutually agreed that Larry would join the group of organizers of the proposed bank. Early on, Larry expressed some concerns regarding the composition of the organizers. He felt that there were too many people with similar backgrounds (i.e., financial services professionals). Further, a few of the individuals worked for large broker/dealer firms or other financial services firms that might restrict their ability to raise capital for the proposed bank. Unfortunately, Larry's views were not widely shared nor appreciated. He was asked to "resign" from the organizing group. The organizers submitted an application for charter to the North Carolina Banking Commission. …


In this study we compare extra-pair paternity rates in first and second broods of 25 individual breeding pairs of the Great Tit Parus major. 24% of the first broods contained at least one nestling due to copulations outside the pair bond in contrast to 60% for second broods . The average proportion of extra-pair young per brood equalled 3 .9 ± 7 .3% for firstbroods and 24 .4 ± 28 .7% for second broods . Extra-pair paterni ty was not consistently observed in first and second broods, i .e . > 50% of the breeding pairs had extra-pair young in one but not the other brood . Some possible expl anations for this inconsistent pa tt ern are discussed.


Abstract The γ − theory for solving variational inequality problems using Newton's method is extended using restricted convergence domains and the center γ − criterion.


The optimal locus is a new real-time control method for processes subject to constraints that vary as the process progresses. This paper analyze of the stability conditions of an optimal-locus based system. A general stability criterion is found for optimizing a quadratic cost function of a process subject to linear varying constraints.


In this research, enzymatic bioanodes based in urease enzyme were developed using graphene oxide as support material on porous electrodes, for application in microfluidic devices that use urea as fuel. Urease is a metalloenzyme that due to its bimetallic site is able to carry out the oxidation of urea with the formation of ammonia and carbonic acid. Graphene oxide was used because of its characteristics that favour the process of enzymatic immobilization. The performance of the microfluidic fuel cell was carried in the absence and in the presence of 0.1 M urea in 0.1M phosphates buffer where can observed an open circuit voltage above 1 V and important power density value when urea is used as fuel (2.82 mW cm−2). It was also evaluated by electrochemical techniques the effect of the concentration of urea on the power density generated by the microfluidic device, as well as stability, generating good energy conversion results for a first stage of research, where the objective is the creation of bioelectrodes with urease enzyme immobilized for application in Lab-on-a-Chip devices.


Takaaki MATUI and Toshinori FUKUYAMA (Faculty of Agriculture , Niigata University , Niigata ,950 21,Japan) Abstract ・ L・・g・ vascul ・・ b・ ・dles i・ p・dund ・ and 1・ wer el・ng ・t・d i・t・・n ・ d・、 a ・ d th ・i... 1・ti。 n 、 t。 P ,i. mary rachis branches 【)f the spike were investigated in a total of 10rice cultivars bclonging to ∫∫ndica , Hsien(lndica with Chinese origin ),∫avanica , and lowland and upland types of ∫apon {ca. Numbers of vas − culer bundles irl peduncle markedly varied among the above ecotypes ;cvs of lndica and Hsien showed higher numbers from l7 to 25, and consequently  the ratios of vasculer bundles to rachis branches (Vb /Rb ratio )were higher than l.6,0n the other hand, cvs of ∫aponica bore fcwer vascular bundlesfrom 10to 13 and the Vb /Rb ratios showed the range from O.9 to ユ,2. These distinct variations inVb /Rb ratio were mainly due to the difference in numbers of vascu 】ar bundles in pedunde but not in those of lower internode or of basal parts of flag−1eaf sheaths . It was discussed with the relation ofthediffer .


The use of secondary targets with commercially available high power X-ray spectroscopy tubes has been investigated as a means of providing an excitation source for X-ray energy spectroscopy. A comparison has been made between the secondary target mode of excitation and the use of the tube directly. Results from this comparison show the superiority of the secondary target technique. Examples of analysis using the secondary target excitation are given to illustrate the high data rates and low background this technique has to offer.


Variant design is a type of design process which keeping the basic principle, function andstructure unchanged, only varying the composition, arrangement and size of some constituentmodules of the original product so as to meet different requirements for the product. Compared withcreative design and adaptive design, variant design is a relatively routine but widely used productdesign process. To improve the efficiency and correctness of variant design, this paper proposes aknowledge-processing model for product variant design. Based on the analysis of the fundamentalproblem solving process of variant design, this paper proposes a case-based reasoning system modelcombined with rule-based reasoning and constraint satisfaction method to imitate the process ofvariant design. With the example-"spindle machine modular variant design system", a detaileddiscussion is made on the knowledge representation model and the reasoning process of the knowledgeprocessing model for variation design, as a result, a computer aided product variant design systemframe is given finally.


In this paper a concise outline of a frequency domain grounding grid analysis based on the finite element technique is given. Weighted residual method is simultaneously applied to the scalar electric potential integral equation and to the electric field integral equation. The proposed approach represents a basis for development of electromagnetic models for time-harmonic grounding grid analysis as well as transient grounding grid analysis. In the case of transient grounding grid analysis, transformation from the frequency domain into the time domain can be obtained by Fourier transform.


It is accepted that three-dimensional physical space is a hypersurface with a Riemannian metric in four-dimensional space. The metric tensor of this three-dimensional space is defined by Einstein's equations. Another coordinate of four-dimensional space is time. In this space, the equations of the world line of a particle with a mass m are defined under certain initial conditions: the starting point of the space and the vector of the particle's initial velocity. This approach removes all the problems and contradictions noted in the monograph [1], and the resulting equations adequately describe, for example, the curvilinear motion of planets without energy change.


PURPOSE: A platform safety device having an injury prevention device using a rope is provided to stabilize the motion of a rope lifting unit for lifting a rope and efficiently deal with safety accidents caused by the rope. CONSTITUTION: A platform safety device having an injury prevention device using a rope comprises a rope lifting unit (100), a wire rope (200), and a stopper. The rope lifting unit is vertically positioned to be separated from a platform and comprises first and second blocks (130, 140) containing multiple rotary pulleys (132, 133, 142, 143). The wire rope is horizontally wound around the rotary pulleys by turns between the first and second blocks. The stopper is installed on each segment of the wire rope.


The effect of two important technical parameters such as welding electric current and welding speed on the welding residual stress were investigated using the 16MnR steel as experimental materials.The mechanism of welding residual stress resulting from the welding electric current and the welding speed was discussed on the basis of the experiment.


The basic situation of Gansu Mechanery Industry is introduced in the paper, including the assortment of products, technological level and knowledge property rights. Based on the position and role of Gansu Province in West China development, the countermeasures are proposed as follows: to set up the pump base of Lanzhou, to fabricate the high-tech IT products, to develop the technology and equipment related to the natural gas engineering and to carry out several non-ferrous metal product projects.


The healthcare legislation dated 13 December 2006 made it compulsory to notify the National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance (NIHDI) of all implantable medical devices in Belgium. The new legislation aims to set identical invoicing conditions for hospitals, whether patients are cared for in Ostend, Brussels or Arlon.

This new regulation applies to reimbursement for invasive implants and medical devices and allows for notification of implants bearing a European Commission certificate. Companies that market implants in Belgium must directly notify the NIHDI of their products. Implants that have not been notified, but …


in which a large variety of correlation methods are discussed. Partial and multiple correlation, however, are cut to eight pages, while "joint" and "net" correlation and path coefficients are not treated. The style is unusually condensed and in many places rather formal. The author has apparently resolved the conflict between logical and psychological organization by disregarding the latter. The logical progress and the systematic arrangement of the book are good, and it is suited for reference purposes. The book will, however, require much supplementing and skilful handling when used as a textbook. The book is not highly mathematical and does not include basic proofs of formulas. A numerical example is given for each technique, and exercises are given at the end of each chapter; but it is evident that the author felt that the covering of a large number of topics in a brief compass was more desirable than a less formal treatment with more emphasis on applications. On the technical side the book is good, though not always so rigorous as might be desired-for example, the discrepancy between the definition (p. 13) and the use (p. 15 ff.) of "variate," and the inappropriate absoluteness of the statements "the curve is symmetrical" (p. 68) and "will be thrown" (p. 74) in the field of probability. The symbolism is, in general, standard, though there is considerable confusion. Deviations from an arbitrary origin are variously denoted by h, hI, h2 (P. 39), x1 (p. 42), X (p. 51), and xa and xb (p. 58), while a table on page 40 omits entirely an appropriate symbol. Two of these same symbols (x1 and X) are also used to indicate other concepts (p. 135 and p. 143), while r may mean x (as used on page 135 but not as used on page 42), or it may mean correlation (p. 131). /zx on page 42 and v, on page 67 designate the same thing. Such whimsicalness could be dispensed with. The first half of the book is virtually without mechanical error, but the second


The study estimates the efficiency of public health centre II (HCII) facilities in Southwestern Uganda. Specifically, it determines the level of technical efficiency (TE), scale efficiency (SE) and estimates the economic savings required to make inefficient public health facilities efficient. An output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is employed in the estimation of TE and SE. It was found out that 73 % of the HCIIs were technically inefficient while 27% were technically efficient. Mean TE stood at 72.3% implying that an average HCII could potentially improve its efficiency by increasing its outputs by 27.7%. In addition, 77% of the facilities were SE implying that they obtained the most productive scale size given the input-output combination. 23% of the facilities were scaled inefficient implying that they have more input waste attributable to their size. There is great potential for economic savings shown by different magnitudes of input reductions and output augmentations required to make inefficient facilities efficient. The study has important policy implications. The health sector should embark on rigorous periodic research and development to enhance healthcare delivery efficiently. Since the health units are small, there is a need  to augment their scale sizes and improve on their management practices so as to enhance their overall productivity and efficiency. Stakeholders should scale up efforts to attract, align skills with needs and improve retention and motivation of the health workforce. Holistic investment in resource inputs is essential. A comprehensive monitoring and evaluation plan with key verifiable indicators to monitor the overall health sector performance is required.


The assumption is that the Citizens' Trust depends upon the level of performance of public institutions, the people's civic duties and their expectations. The performance of public institutions is categorized according to preparedness, relief/response and reconstruction/rehabilitation during natural disasters like earthquakes, as prescribed by Natural Calamity and Relief Act, 1982 and National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management 2009. To test this assumption, data were collected systematically through questionnaire survey in four districts out of seven heavily struck by April 25, 2015 earthquake. The findings of this study reveal that the security agency had the highest citizens' confidence due to their performance during the relief and response period. Functions like providing relief materials, mapping hazard zones, mobilization of resources, distribution of relief cards etc. had significant relationship with Citizens' Trust whereas the implementation of the disaster plan, providing safe places, relief, and works in disaster affected areas have positive relationship but not significant. On the contrary, exploring dead bodies, providing temporary settlements and coordination with concerned stakeholders had negative effect on Citizens' Trust.


We consider late-time cosmology in a (phantom) scalar-tensor theory with an exponential potential, as a dark energy model with equation of state parameter close to -1 (a bit above or below this value). Scalar (and also other kinds of) matter can be easily taken into account. An exact spatially-flat FRW cosmology is constructed for such theory, which admits (eternal or transient) acceleration phases for the current universe, in correspondence with observational results. Some remarks on the possible origin of the phantom, starting from a more fundamental theory, are also made. It is shown that quantum gravity effects may prevent (or, at least, delay or soften) the cosmic doomsday catastrophe associated with the phantom, i.e. the otherwise unavoidable finite-time future singularity (Big Rip). A novel dark energy model (higher-derivative scalar-tensor theory) is introduced and it is shown to admit an effective phantom/quintessence description with a transient acceleration phase. In this case, gravity favors that an initially insignificant portion of dark energy becomes dominant over the standard matter/radiation components in the evolution process.


Japanese post-hardcore / screamo / post metal icons ENVY have released a new 2-track EP called Alnair in August and its available for streaming in ...


Emergency management model based on information network fast response,is centered information management,based on networked structure,supported by fast response.Firstly,the features of emergency management model based on INFR is analyzed.Secondly,the core idea,organization form,main system and key units of emergency management model is described.


Background: In morbidly obese individuals (MO) cardiorespiratory comorbidities and body habitus challenge the perioperative management of anesthesia. To implement safe and reproducible routines for ...


The United States' resort to torture in responding to past terrorist threats raises questions about how the country will deal with captured members of the Islamic State.


Why are digital tools not replacing traditional sketchbooks? Our research explores the fundamentals of sketchbook use by thinking about them as Creativity Support Tools that could be digitally replicated. 1. RESEARCHING SKETCHBOOKS The project was a research led teaching activity, run by the author, involving undergraduate students on the Digital Interaction Design Course at the University of Dundee. The research phase involved a thorough examination of real sketchbook use, not just in terms of drawing functions but in terms of the role they play for creative practitioners as creative tools, repositories for information and communication devices. Three things were done during our research. 1. A survey of 10 popular digital sketching tools was performed in order to establish features that are already supported in digital form. 2. An analysis of 42 entries in Richard Brereton's book, "Sketchbooks: The Hidden Art of Designers, Illustrators & Creatives" [2] was conducted to establish some basic thematic codes that could be used to inform further investigations. 3. Our own semi-structured interviews were conducted with a range of sketchbook users in and around Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design.


ANNOTATION Present paper is aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of formation of orthorhombic niartensites which occur over certain composition ranges in· titanium alloys. The experimental results available are well consistent with the explanation that the formation of the orthorhombic structure is being due to _the.elastic distortions imposed on the h.c.p. lattice as it. decomposes into two constituents having different solute contents and coherently bonded in a two dimensionally modulated structure. Calculations of fuli _interatomic interactions have been employed and predict·· bulk· modulation in · the · basial plane, different for isomorphous and eutectciid binary systems and favorable for the orthorhombic distortion in the former case. Mechanical properties of orthorhombic marterisite in beta isomorphous Ti-7%Mo alloy were determined as functions of the heat treatment condition. Possible explanations of a significant difference in martensite properties in as-quenched and aged conditions are discussed.


Innate immune response in pneumonia on lung-macrophages patient can be modeled as a system of first order nonlinear differential equations. This model consists population of bacterial streptococcus...


This paper proposes a dual-band antenna based on the electromagnetic band gap structure suitable for WLAN communication systems. The proposed antenna is designed to work at 2.45/5.8 GHz WLAN band. By loading the EBG structure directly below a dual-frequency monopole antenna, the in-phase superposition of electromagnetic waves at the center frequency of the antenna is achieved. The antenna exhibits high gains of near 8.0 and 12.0 dB at the low and high working frequencies while maintaining the low profile characteristics.


The main astrophysical factories of fluorine ( 19 F) are thought to be Type II supernovae, Wolf‐ Rayet stars, and the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) of intermediate-mass stars. We present a model for the chemical evolution of fluorine in the Milky Way using a semi-analytic multizone chemical evolution model. For the first time, we demonstrate quantitatively the impact of fluorine nucleosynthesis in Wolf‐Rayet and AGB stars. The inclusion of these latter two fluorine production sites provides a possible solution to the long-standing discrepancy between model predictions and the fluorine abundances observed in Milky Way giants. Finally, fluorine is discussed as a possible probe of the role of supernovae and intermediate-mass stars in the chemical evolution history of the globular cluster ω Centauri. Ke yw ords: stars: abundances ‐ stars: evolution ‐ galaxies: evolution.


In the crystal of the title molecular salt, C6H14N+·C8H7O3 −, strong N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are formed between the ammonium H atoms and the carboxylate O atoms. The resulting supramolecular structure is based on chains running in the [010] direction. The dihedral angle between the –CO2 group and the benzene ring is 8.94 (17)° and the methoxy C atom deviates by 1.374 Å from the ring.


The board of directors is expanding its power and becoming the core of an organization,which draws close attention of the public,investors and the law circle to the control over the board of directors.Based on foreign experiences and domestic realities,a proposal of perfecting organizational supervision mechanism is put forward.


www.jogh.org • doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010102 1 June 2020 • Vol. 10 No. 1 • 010102 The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Sustainable Development Goal Framework (SDGs) in September 2015 with a set of 17 goals and 169 targets to be achieved by 2030 [1]. The Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health (2016-2030), in support of Every Women Every Child (EWEC GS) [2], was launched shortly afterwards to translate the broad SDG agenda into concrete guidance on how to ensure every woman, child and adolescent can realize their right to the highest-attainable standard of health. Regular monitoring of progress towards the SDG and EWEC GS goals is essential for determining where efforts need to be accelerated, where lessons can be learned and scaled up, and to hold us all to account for our roles in making universal health coverage a reality. Embedded in the EWEC GS is a monitoring framework that includes a set of indicators which cover the dimensions of survive, thrive and transform. The Countdown to 2030 indicator list complements and expands upon the EWEC GS indicator set by focusing on intervention coverage and equity in coverage. The Countdown indicators are organized into two main categories: Those that capture information about effective interventions for improving maternal, newborn, and child survival and for which comparable, high quality data are available; and those for which further measurement work is needed so that standards can be put into place for data collection, reporting and interpretation.


Two types of electrical measurements have been investigated in order to perform diagnostics of the fire dynamics in the ISO 5660 cone calorimeter. The rationale of the study is to take advantage of ...


Learning is necessary for an organization to evolve, improve and innovate. We are all conditioned to benefit from the evident effects of our behaviors. After the first try, we do not touch the hot stove again. We are also conditioned to recognize complex scenarios and apply fast solutions. Companies are like humans and they also learn as people do. From this point of view, the aviation industry is discussed in this study beyond the learning loops approach of Agrysis which is an effective tool that encourages the kind of thought and action that is needed to transform an organization into a learning one. Turkish Airlines, EasyJet, Delta Airlines, Air China, United Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, American Airlines, Southwest Airlines and Ryanair had chosen as the sample of this study and data collected from the annual reports of these companies was analyzed with document analysis methodology. By comparing the crisis management styles of the industry during Ebola and Covid-19 Diseases the question "did the industry learn how to learn?" tried to be answered and as a result, the study found that the way the industry responded to both crises had not gone too far from single loop learning, or in other words, the industry had only given a reaction to the actions on time and forgot every experience till the next crisis. In the end, the study discussed that single loop learning style of airline companies may be the reason for the rapid spread of those kinds of diseases all over the world.


This book is published by Mosby and is described on its jacket as a "convenient, user-friendly resource for all health professionals, offering students and practitioners practical strategies to ensure appropriate and effective responses to people in crisis". The authors are all distinguished academics and qualified nurses, working in mental health care and education.


Lithium-ion based rechargeable batteries are considered among the most promising battery technologies because of the high energyand power-densities of these electrochemical devices. Computational studies on lithium ion batteries (LIBs) facilitate rationalization and prediction of many important experimentally observed properties, including atomic structure, thermal stability, electronic structure, ion diffusion pathways, equilibrium cell voltage, electrochemical activity, and surface behavior of electrode materials. In recent years, Ni, Co and Mn-based (NCM) layered transition metal oxide positive electrode materials (LiNi1-xyCoxMnyO2) have shown tremendous promise for high-energy density LIBs, and these NCM-based batteries are effectively commercialized. Here, we present an overview of recent theoretical work performed using first principles density functional theory on these layered cathode materials. This short review focuses on recent computational efforts of popular NCMs with increasing Ni content, ranging from


• Mixed-model assembly line problem is a type of assembly line balancing problem at which two or more models of the same product are assembled sequentially at the same line. • A hybrid of an Ant Colony Optimization and a Greedy Algorithm (Ant-Greedy) is presented for mixed-model assembly line balancing problem. • The proposed approach is compared with the performance of the Merging Shortest and Longest Operation (MMSLO) method. The assembly line balancing problem deals with the assignment of tasks to work stations. Mixed-model assembly line problem is a type of assembly line balancing problem at which two or more models of the same product are assembled sequentially at the same line. To achieve optimality and efficiency of solving this problem, tasks at each work station have to be well balanced satisfying all constraints. This paper deals with the mixed-model assembly line balancing problem (MALBP) in which the objective is to minimize the cycle time for a given number of work stations. The problem is solved by using a hybrid of an ant colony optimization and a greedy algorithm (Ant-Greedy). MATLAB Software is used to perform the proposed method. Then, the proposed method is applied to a real case problem found in the literature for the assembly line of automatic changeover in the Electronic Industries Company in Iraq. The results of the proposed method are compared with the performance of the Merging Shortest and Longest Operation (MMSLO) method. The comparison shows that the Ant-Greedy optimization method is more efficient, where the efficiency increased from 93.53% for MMSLO method to 97.26% for the AntGreedy method. A R T I C L E I N F O Handling editor: Muhsin J. Jweeg


Lipid disorders, arterial hypertension, cigarette smoking, overweight and physical inactivity are known risk factors of coronary artery disease. Control of the factors since adolescence may reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Purpose of the study was to assess prevalence and trends of the cardiovascular risk factors among adolescent population in Novosibirsk during the reforms (1989-2003). Methods: Four cross-sectional surveys of representative samples of school children aged 14-17 in 1989 (656), in 1994 (620), in 1999 (626) and in 2003 (667) were carried out. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured. Self-report of smoking (1 cig/week and more) and physical inactivity (2 h/week and less) was obtained. Results: According to NCEP-peds criteria (1992), prevalence of high TC (200 mg/dl and more) during the period (19892003) significantly decreased from 22% to 8% (P


In this paper, it pesented the structure of the main circuit, the principle of the control circuit and the software of HF DC/DC converter controlled by a single_chip processor.It also discussed the hardware architecture and software programming of the monitoring system of the operation supply based on a single chip processor 80C196KB.Practical operation shows that this supply system has high reliability and good performances.


Current-density fundamental bounds are formulated for N-port radiators utilizing a port mode basis. A prescription is given for the transformation of full-wave method-of-moments matrix operators into port matrices. Fundamental bound on the total active reflection coefficient is presented as an example. Significant reduction of size of underlying matrices allows for simultaneous optimization of ports' placement and excitation amplitudes.


PG Student, L. C. Institute of Technology, Mehsana ABSTRACT This paper will explain the basic concepts of the operation of the switched capacitor circuits. Switched ca- pacitor techniques have been developed in order to allow for the integration on a single silicon chip of both digital and analog functions and play a critical role in mixed-signal, analog to digital interfaces. Switched capacitor circuit replaces a resistor with switches and capacitors and works by passes charge into and out of a capacitor by controlling switches around it. Characteristics of SC circuit are determined by capacitance ratio.


Even during normal operation, agricultural machines are exposed to a number of disturbances that can
generate excessive vibration levels. The disturbances originate from soil roughness in combination with driving speed or from rotating elements within the machine. Machine vibrations may be uncomfortable to the driver. Vibrations may affect the manual or automatic controls and reduce the efficiency of the operations to be carried out such as field spraying and tillage. In this article, the dynamic behavior of a tractor is studied and the effects of possible structural modifications on its dynamic behavior are examined.
Using the experimental modal analysis technique, a modal model is derived (with a correlation coefficient ranging from 0.90 to 0.95 of the measured values) that contains the eigenfrequencies and mode shapes of the machine. It is applied to predict the structural behavior of the machine under a set of excitation conditions. A frequency sensitivity analysis on the modal model gives information about the most critical locations on the structure with respect to local parameter changes. In a later stage, this is used to predict frequency shifts owing to structural modifications like localstiffness and inertia changes.


We report on the development of e-beam pumped mid-UV (~ 280nm) sources fabricated from AlGaN MQWs grown by plasma-assisted (PA) MBE on AlN/c-Al2O3 templates. The high output power above 100 mW has been demonstrated in a pulse-scanning regime. This achievement is attributed to the enhanced carrier confinement within the high-quality sub-monolayer digital alloying quantum wells and improved quality of the AlN buffer layer due to the high temperature PA MBE growth employed. The time-resolved photoluminescence shows the radiative recombination dominate the recombination process, indicating high crystal qualities.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To avoid depletion of C-RNTI numbers that should be paid out to terminals at the time of execution of CA.SOLUTION: A communication system includes a base station and a terminal. The base station comprises a first payout unit and a second payout unit. In the case where first communication using any one cell of all the cells of the base station is performed between the terminal and the base station, the first payout unit pays out a first identification number which is an identification number specific to each of all the cells from a prescribed number of identification numbers to identify terminals to the terminal. In the case where second communication simultaneously using two or more cells of all the cells is performed between the terminal and the base station, the second payout unit pays out a second identification number which is an identification number common to two or more cells from the prescribed number of identification numbers excluding the first identification numbers to the terminal. The terminal comprises a communication control unit. The communication control unit performs the first communication or the second communication using the first identification number or the second identification number paid out by the base station.


Libya's journey toward democratic politics has started with promise. The country's first national elections in almost five decades took place weeks ago and the whole affair was deemed largely free and fair, marred only slightly by minor violence at three polling centres in the east of the country.


In this paper, the modular design idea and MVC design pattern are used to study a control system of a wall-climbing robot applied to detecting the surface of large-scale tanks. The design mainly has two parts:hardware system and software system. The hardware system consists of power modules, sensor modules, control modules, and communication modules. The software system is composed of the robot control software, the robot remote control App based on Android devices, and the upper computer application program which can run in both Windows system and Linux system. Finally, the feasibility and robustness of the system are verified by experiments.


Tofacitinib citrate is a Janus kinase (JAK)-1/3 inhibitor from a novel therapeutic class of medications used for systemic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, its use in dermatology has not been well explored.


The study of this research aims: (1) to describe the types of conditional sentences in the song lyrics in the Gravity album by Westlife, (2) to describe the implicature of conditional sentences in song lyrics of the Gravity album by Westlife, and (3) to describe the maxim that are violated in song's lyrics in the Gravity album by Westlife.
The writer uses the qualitative research. The object of the research is song's lyric of Gravity Album by Westlife. The data are taken from the song's lyrics of The Gravity Album of Westlife. The techniques of collecting data are: 1) reading all of song's lyrics in the Gravity album by Westlife, 2) underlying all conditions in the lyrics of the song in the Gravity album which are categorized as conditional sentences, and 3) coding the data which contain conditional sentences in the Gravity album Westlife. The techniques for analyzing data are: 1) analyzing the forms of
conditional sentences by referring to Wishon's theory, 2) explaining the implicature meaning of each on the conditional sentences by referring to the theory of Levinson, 3) Drawing conclusion based on the data analysis of conditional sentences in the Gravity album by Westlife.
Based on the analysis, there are two forms of conditional sentences: Future Possible Condition and Present Unreal Condition. The results of this study are: 1) The conditional sentence is the 24 data taken from eleven song's lyrics in the Gravity album by Westlife. There are twelve data or 50% of future possible condition and
also twelve data or 50% of present unreal condition on the type of the conditional sentence, 2)The implicature meaning of the song's lyrics on the Gravity album describe love and story of the life from someone. Each lyric mean the truth of the man who loves his sweetheart so much. Besides that there are the lyrics also describe the happiness and sadness of facing the life. 100% or 24 data use the cooperative maxim so it can conclude that the song's lyrics only include the conversational implicature, 3) The Violated Maxims Used in the Gravity Album by Westlife based
on Grice's cooperative principles that consist of Maxim Quality, Quantity, Relation, and Manner. It will be very beneficial if the readers understand to the implicature of
speaker's utterance then the reveal the Maxim of cooperative principle which is violated in the conditional sentence of song's lyrics in Gravity Album of Westlife.


This work discusses the occurrence of geomagnetic induced currents (GICs) in Southern America and its consequences. It shows that, although GICs have been believed to occur only at high latitudes, there are evidences of this phenomena in tropical regions-specially South America, deeply affected by the South Atlantic Geomagnetic Anomaly (SAGA). A case study linking geomagnetic anomalies and an (apparently) unexplainable sequence of events is presented and discussed.


The ordered opal photonic crystals(PC) with gradient structure have unique photonic properties.By utilizing vertical deposition and electrophoretic deposition methods,this paper assembles together the polystyrene colloidal microspheres which own different diameters,and makes out the photonic crystals with gradient structure.


The utility model discloses a multifunctional swaying bed for a baby, which mainly comprises a bed body (1) and a bed base (2), wherein, the bed body (1) is provided with a voice timing switch; the bed base is provided with wheels (9). The utility model is characterized in that the bed body (1) is placed on the upper end of the bed base (2) in a hanging way; the front and the back of the bed body (1), and the front and the back of the bed base (2) are respectively provided with movable support frames (3) which are arranged between the bed body (1) and the bed base (2). Both ends of each of the movable support frames (3) are respectively connected with the bed body (1) and the bed base (2) in a rotary way; the bed base (2) is provided with an electromotor (4) and an eccentric wheel; the shaft of the electromotor (4) is connected with the eccentric wheel (5) which is connected with the movable support frames (3) through an eccentric wheel rod (6).


Lentil (Lens culinaris M.) is an edible pulse and belongs to the family Leguminosae. It is a bushy annual plant of the legume family, grown for its lens shaped seeds. Grain of lentil contains 26% protein and 1% fat. It is also rich in vitamins (thiamin and folate) and minerals (Ca, P, Fe and Zn). It is a valuable crop for maintaining soil fertility having a capacity of Nitrogen fixing (Joshi, 1998). Lentil is largely consumed as dal and also use as food and fodder, the leaves, stems & threshed pods of lentil are important for feeding sheep and goats. In India, lentil is mostly grown in northern plains, central and eastern parts of India. The total area under lentil in India was 14.94 Lakh ha with a total production of 15.06 Lakh tonnes at 1008 kg/ha productivity. In Rajasthan, lentil is grown in Bundi, Kota, Pratapgarh, Bhilwara, Jhalawar and Bhartpur districts covering the total area of 0.31 Lakh hectare, producing 0.43 Lakh tonnes with productivity of 1387 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 7 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Victorian Racing Integrity Commissioner, Sal Perna, took questions on what the commission is doing to promote more confidence in the racing industry after it has been plagued by betting scandals, at a meeting in Sale.


The evolution of galaxies is imprinted on their stellar populations. Several stellar population properties in massive early-type galaxies have been shown to correlate with intrinsic galaxy properties such as the galaxy's central velocity dispersion, suggesting that stars formed in an initial collapse of gas (z ∼ 2). However, stellar populations change as a function of galaxy radius, and it is not clear how local gradients of individual galaxies are influenced by global galaxy properties and galaxy environment. In this paper, we study the stellar populations of eight early-type galaxies as a function of radius. We use optical spectroscopy (∼4000–8600 Å) and full spectral fitting to measure stellar population age, metallicity, slope of the initial mass function (IMF), and nine elemental abundances (O, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, C, N, Na, and Fe) out to 1 R e for each galaxy individually. We find a wide range of properties, with ages ranging from 3–13 Gyr. Some galaxies have a radially constant, Salpeter-like IMF, and other galaxies have a super-Salpeter IMF in the center, decreasing to a sub-Salpeter IMF at ∼0.5 R e . We find a global correlation of the central [Z/H] with the central IMF and the radial gradient of the IMF for the eight galaxies, but local correlations of the IMF slope with other stellar population parameters hold only for subsets of the galaxies in our sample. Some elemental abundances also correlate locally with each other within a galaxy, suggesting a common production channel. These local correlations appear only in subsets of our galaxies, indicating variations of the stellar content among different galaxies.


A 39-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of anterior chest pain and slightly dyspnea. At that time, had chest discomfort, hypertension, and with enlargement of mediastinal shadow on chest X ray. Medical treatment rapidly improved the hypertension and the other symptoms. Transthoracic echocardiography ( TTE ) and enhanced chest CT revealed aortic root dilation, and trivial aortic valve regurgitation, but these examinations could not identify the cause of such as typical Stanford type A dissection. Transesophageal echocardiography ( TEE ) and chest MD-CT were undertaken on 7 days after the admission revealed a localized aortic dissection, intimal flap, and enlargement of sinotubular junction ( STJ ) . An Urgent operation was performed. During the operation, a localized aortic dissection appeared to be above the left coronary cusp through the right coronary cusp of the aortic valve, but the valve findings were normal, so we decided to perform a aortic valve remodeling operation. The aortic sinuses were excised leaving 4 mm of arterial wall attached to the aortic annulus and around the coronary arteries. A Woven Dacron graft of diameter equal to the diameter of the STJ was tailored to recreate three aortic sinuses. The three commissures were suspended into the tailored graft and the neo-aortic sinuses were sutured to the aortic annulus and remnants of arterial wall. The coronary arteries were reimplanted into their respective neo-aortic sinuses and the graft anastomosed to the distal aorta. The postoperative course was uneventful. We concluded that this procedure is useful for a localized aortic dissection around the coronary orifice. Jpn. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 42 : 200 - 203 ( 2013 )


Computer and network security are challenging topics among executives and managers of computer corporations. Internet security is the practice of protecting and preserving private resources and information on the Internet. Even discussing security policies may seem to create a potential liability. As a result, enterprise management teams are often not aware of the many advances and innovations in Internet and intranet security technology. Without this knowledge, corporations are not able to take full advantage of the benefits and capabilities of the network.


Ehlers Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of heritable connective tissue disorders characterized by hyperextensible skin, hypermobile joints, and connective tissue fragility.1 These symptoms are believed to be the result of gene mutations affecting the structure or assembly of different collagen types. The eye is made up of 80% collagen. Therefore, it is recommended that individuals with EDS be seen at least annually by an optometrist or ophthalmologist for a full evaluation of their eye health. This article attempts to explain common ophthalmologic findings and their symptoms. The symptoms discussed in this article occur in the normal population and are not exclusive to EDS. However, due to the involvement of collagen and its role in the eye, individuals with EDS may have a higher incidence of ophthalmic implications, especially in the Kyphoscoliosis Type of EDS (formerly known as Type VI).1 Additional research in this area is needed. This article is based on two presentations by Dr. Stephanie Kirschbaum to the Northern California Branch of the Ehlers


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of pneumatic vitreolysis in the treatment of symptomatic focal vitreomacular traction (VMT). Methods: Patients choosing intravitreal gas injection as their preferred treatment for symptomatic VMT were invited to participate in this prospective study; 0.3 mL of perfluoropropane gas was injected. Optical coherence tomography was performed pre-and postprocedure to determine the proportion of eyes showing release of VMT. Results: Nine eyes of nine participants were included in the study, with a mean follow-up of 5.0±1.8 months. Gas injection resulted in the release of VMT in 7 of 9 eyes (78%) during the course of the study. Both eyes in which the VMT failed to release also showed an improvement in central macular anatomy. Mean visual acuity improved from logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) 0.33±0.14 (Snellen equivalent, ∼20/42) to logMAR 0.24±0.21 (Snellen, ∼20/35) at final follow-up (P = .03); 8 of 9 patients (89%) reported a subjective improvement in their presenting symptoms and/or vision during the study period. The mean maximum foveal thickness of 480 ± 22 μm at baseline reduced to 282 ± 94 μm by the time of the final visit (P = .002). Two patients had retinopexy for retinal breaks/suspect breaks. Conclusions: Pneumatic vitreolysis is an effective treatment for symptomatic VMT and may offer cost savings for patients and/or health services.


Although population geography has been widely accepted as a legitimate discipline in France it still lacks a clearly defined position with respect to other social sciences and especially with respect to demography. Resistence to an abstract and quantitative population geography is slowly decreasing although population geography still appears to be poorly accepted within human geography. The quantitative focus in population geography sets it apart among geographic specialities and in many geographic works the portions devoted to population are poorly integrated. In the French geographic tradition the notion of synthesis is more highly regarded than analysis which usually designates a preparatory work of information gathering and processing. Population geography however entails a greater effort of analysis especially in the sense of decomposition/recomposition. Population geography has always had close ties to demography but the subject matters of the 2 disciplines do not overlap entirely and in particular there are differences of scale: geography seeks to be as precise as possible about spatial variations and therefore to descend to a quite small scale while the most precise indices in demography require large populations. Population geography seems to have a greater field of study than just the spatial differentiation of geographic categories; the practice of population geography like that of demography must take into account the social dimension of population phenomena. Without that it is almost impossible to perceive the reasons for transformations in the spatial distributions of population demographic structures and population movement. In the analysis of spatial dimensions of social relations there is more than a simple encounter between geography and sociology and to call population geography by the term "demogeography" appears to slight the importance of social or sociospatial findings. Population geography as an open discipline is nourished by other disciplines. (summary in ENG)


We develop a geometric theory for difference equations with a given group of automorphisms. To solve this problem we extend the class of difference fields to the class of absolutely flat simple difference rings called pseudofields. We prove the Nullstellensatz over pseudofields and investigate geometric properties of pseudovarieties.


Objective To investigate the effect of butorphanol in tracheal extubation after general anesthesia. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ patients under general anesthesia were equally randomized to receive intravenous butorphanol at a dose of 0.03 mg/kg, or tramadol at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg (control) for analgesia. The vital signs at different time points, restlessness score during sputum suctioning and extubation, Ramsay scales at 10 min after extubation, comfort score(BCS protocols), satisfaction score, and adverse events were documented. The data were then compared between two groups. The patients whose Modified Aldrete Score was 9 or above could be dismissed from PACU. Results The analgetic and sedative effects of butorphanol were satisfied and the analgetic effective was similar to that of tramadol. The cardiovascular responses induced by strong stimulation could not be entirely inhibited by both medications but the inhibitory effect of butorphanol was superior to that of tramadol(P 0.05). No obvious respiratory suppression was occurred in two groups. Restlessness score, BCS, satisfaction score, and adverse events were also similar. A higher rate of lethargy(40%) and a lower rate of pain memory, however, were found in butorphanol group. Conclusions Butorphanol(highest dose 2 mg) is safe and effective for analgesia and sedation in peri-extubation. Patients are comfortable and satisfied.


The utility model discloses a yarn distribution device, which comprises a support, a yarn distribution reed and a yarn tension control device. The yarn distribution reed is positioned at the top end of the support and comprises a yarn distribution roller and a first yarn distribution plate arranged at the front end of the yarn distribution roller. A second yarn distribution plate is arranged under the yarn distribution roller, the yarn tension control device is positioned under the second yarn distribution plate, a third yarn distribution plate positioned on a yarn pressing plate is arranged under the yarn tension control device, and yarn pressing angle iron is disposed under the yarn pressing plate. The yarn distribution device is small in abrasion to yarns and beneficial to improve quality of finished fabric. The yarn distribution device is positioned on a weft laying trolley, thereby facilitating connection processes of broken yarns.


Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the application of local advancement flaps for facial defect reconstruction.Methods From March 2005 to December 2007,the advancement was designed to repair facial skin defects in 180 patients.There was 63 cases of rhombus skin flaps,42 cases of A-T skin flaps,25 cases of V-Y skin flaps,20 cases of Z plasty operation,15 cases of advanced skin flaps,and 15 cases of nasolabial sulcus flap.Results The flaps in 180 cases of patients were all survived,and the operative incisions were healed in stage I period.No colour difference were found between the survived flaps and the nearby skin,no draged manifestation at the region of eyelids,eyebrow,back of nose and angle of lips,functionally and cosmetically satisfactory outcomes were achieved.Conclusion The advancement flap provides a safe and competitive repair alternative for the treatment of skin defects in the face.


Objective: Robotic single-site (RSS) surgery is being utilized in gynecologic surgery. However, its cost-effectiveness and limitations of the system make the application of the technique to benign surgery controversial. We compared the surgical outcome and learning curve of RSS to those of laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery. Methods: Patients who underwent ovarian cystectomy from January 2013 to December 2018 at Korea University Anam Hostital were divided into two groups according to the surgery: RSS or LESS. After exclusion of ineligible patients, 29 patients who underwent RSS surgery and 80 patients who underwent LESS surgery were included in this study. Surgical outcome data regarding bleeding, surgical time, length of stay, and the learning curves of surgical time were obtained using the cumulative sum method. Results: Patient demographics showed no differences between the groups except for tumor histology. There were no differences in bleeding, postoperative length of stay, surgical wound complication, or surgical preparation time between the groups. RSS surgery had a longer surgical time than LESS surgery (130.41 vs. 96.96 minutes; P<0.001). In a learning curve analysis, seven cases were required to be proficient in docking the RSS system. Comparing the learning curves of surgical time, RSS surgery required fewer cases to attain proficiency than LESS surgery (19 vs. 22 cases). Conclusion: RSS ovarian cystectomy is a feasible and safe option with the benefit of a quick learning curve. The longer surgical time could be overcome with further improvement of surgical techniques and development of the robotic instruments.


A prototype system for 3D collaborative visualization environment on route survey was designed,which applies to the architecture of chairman-committeeman pattern.The pattern based on collaborative visualization layer,collaborative management layer framework and distributed locking mechanism technologies realized the collaborative management for multiple participants.Contemporarily,each spatial object for route model was described as an Agent model in 3D visualization environment.It comprises reasoning capability and the geometric model of object's spatial characteristics description,and helps realize the remote collaborative visualization environment.