Herein, we report the first example of cationic ring-opening copolymerization of 5-membered cyclic acetal (1,3-dioxolane (DXL)) with l-lactide (LA) to afford polylactide containing acetal units.


The induction motor drive, considering its significant industrial applications, has great importance. Squirrel cage IM are generally controlled by varying voltage and frequency fed to the motor. For high power drive, because of use of forced commutation converters, squirrel cage IM have less application. In this case and particularly when load torque is proportional to high order of speed, the wound rotor IM is used. In these motors speed is controlled by energy absorption from the rotor and returning it to network. Return of slip energy to the network improves efficiency, but small power factor and harmonic injection remain predominant problems in this drive system. In this paper a slip energy recovery method is studied by dynamic modeling. To study the slip energy recovery system and the effect of the method on harmonics, power factor, torque-speed characteristic and overall performance of the drive, a block set is implanted in the Matlab/Simulink environment.


a method for determining an adapted to a harvesting process target setting value (ZG, ZO, ZU) is described for a control parameter (SG, SO, SU) of a working unit (10) of a harvesting machine (1). In this case, for a plurality of different working result parameters in each working result characteristic curves (KR, KK, KV) in dependence on the relevant control parameters (SG, SO, SU) are determined. Based on a combination of the determined working result characteristic curves (KR, KK, KV) the target setting value (ZG, ZO, ZU) is determined of the control parameter (SG, SO, SU). In addition, a method and a corresponding control means (30) for controlling a working unit (10) of a harvesting machine (1) and a harvesting machine (1) with such a control device (30) described.


While current conceptualisations of the inextricable connection between language and culture in English language education are largely informed by complex sociocultural theories that view culture as constructed in and through social practices among people, classroom practices continue to be influenced by mainstream discourses of culture that simplistically construct essentialised cultural/racialised identities. This article will present data excerpts from a case study of a Canadian university -based English as a second language (ESL) programme that specifically emphasised in its pedagogical and curricular design the significance of learning language through culture and a process of cultural analysis. In various classrooms observed, however, the programme's dialogic approach to culture most often manifested as cross/intercultural comparisons of cultural difference. The potential danger of this pedagogical approach to culture in the ESL classroom, however, arises with a contextualisation of the English language in broader identity politics – namely, the equating of the English language with Whiteness – where discourses of 'culture' can become a proxy for 'race'. Seemingly innocuous everyday common-sense discussions of 'culture' in second language education may thus construct identities in problematic ways. It is therefore imperative for us to critically reflect on how our pedagogies may be 'doing race' through 'doing culture' in the ESL classroom.


For the production of olefins from DME, the first catalyst stage having a purity of 70 wt% to 100 wt% of DME containing gaseous olefins, paraffins and / or aromatics recycle gas and steam is added to the reactor. In order to make the temperature distribution throughout the catalyst phase as smooth as possible, but close to the optimum operating temperature, a purity of 70 wt% to 100 wt% of DME containing gaseous olefins, paraffins and / or aromatics added to the recycle gas at least one downstream catalyst stage, wherein the stage catalyst additionally employed downstream from the upstream catalyst stage product gas feed.


Results from a study on university lecturers'approaches to teaching and lecturers'perceptions of students' learning needs in Spain are presented in this paper. A total of 27 lecturers of geotechnical engineering and engineering geology were selected for the study. Participants were asked to complete the Trigwell & Prosser's Approaches to Teaching Inventory and a second Inventory developed by the last author of this paper. The first inventory gave an indication of lecturers'approaches to teaching, whereas the second provided data on perceptions of students' learning needs. Results showed how a content-focused approach is favoured by 67% of participants. Time management, critical thinking, problem solving skills, ability to make sound judgments, and ability to apply knowledge in practice, were all identified as key students' learning needs; whereas ability to give oral presentations and research skills came last in the list.A number of comments regarding education of geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists in Spain are included in the paper.


Predictive current controllers based on finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) have been extensively used in power converters. One of the clear advantages of FCS-MPC is that several control targets and constraints can be included in a cost function and simultaneously controlled. In order to establish the importance of one controlled target in relation to the others, weighting factors are used. Once the weighting factors have been tuned, they remain unchanged. This paper presents a neural network-based novel approach to the problem, in which weighting factors are tuned online as a function of several merit figures and references. This adaptive method updates online the weighting factors in the cost function when either the merit figures or the references change to boost the performance of the controller. This strategy is validated through simulations and experiments are carried out on a three-level neutral point clamped converter. The results are compared with the conventional FCS-MPC, which is based on static cost functions.


It has been a long sought goal to visualize the morphology and structures of internal organs nonmvasively. Two dimensional imaging of body regions has proven to very successful in clinical and diagnostic medicine. Since the early work on three-dimensional (3D) display' of biomedical images by Greenleaf et. aL2 there is a growing realization that visualizing the actual shape and function of an organ in three-dimensional space and in time will enhance the diagnosis and possibly aid the management of patient therapy. The increasing speed of computations at decreasing costs, and the fact that many of the modem imaging methods generate images in digital form has made volumetric imaging feasible. Although the production of 3D images in the least time, with a greater accuracy, and at a reduced cost continues to be a desirable goal, significant progress has been made in this area in the past several years. The majority of studies in the discipline of 3D images has concentrated on the use of data from computed tomography or from magnetic resonance. The construction of three dimensional imaging from ultrasound data is not as common. This is partly due fact that the resthcted acoustic access of organs does not pmvide sufficient views to generate complete volume of imaged organs. As a consequence, the surfaces of the organs have been displayed as wire-frame models3' 'ISuch displays of medical images have although proven to be helpful in estimating volumes of the organ, they do not provide realistic organ visualization to which physicians can easily relate to for diagnosis. With the improvement in image technology, some of the problems have now been overcome by either rotating transducer through 180 degrees through apical acoustic window for heart5, or by scanning small peripheral limbs in transmission mode through water path6. Such scanning procedures provide data with sufficient integrity to synthesize realistic 3D images of organs. Also, the advent of catheter based ultrasonic technology provides a potential for three-dimensional imaging of blood vessels and is the topic of discussion in this paper. With the introduction of mechanical atherectomy and laser angioplasty there is an increasing risk of vessel perforation. This, along with other factors, has stimulated interest in developing methods for imaging surfaces underlying endothelial cell of arteries. High frequency ultrasonic imaging systems capable of providing 360 degree views of vessel cross-sections are now available commercially and are in clinical use amongst many researchers. Although, there are some initial encouraging results7 on 3D imaging, it is not yet fully established if it is feasible to (a) use a clinical scanner to obtain contiguous cross-sectional images of arteries; and (b) to use such serial cross-sections for volumetric imaging. This paper aims at providing perspectives on these issues of this rapidly evolving technology.


Total energy involved in the process of laser pulse irradiation of coal, hexamethylene tetramine. Al, and Bi was measured. The experiments were performed with Nd-laser- generated single 50-ns FWHM pulses with peak focused intensities ranging from 106 to 109 W/cm2. It was found that the irradiation of studied materials with single laser pulse induces a release of additional energy. For fuels, the additional energy may be of an order of magnitude greater than laser pulse energy. For metals, the ratio of the additional energy to the laser pulse energy is about 0.2-0.4. Using the material removal measurements and the reference specific combustion heat of fuels, the theoretical estimations of energy produced by combustion of material removed by laser pulse were made. Theoretical estimations and experimental results are in good agreement for coal irradiated in air.


In various embodiments, a chip (12) for a chip package (10) is provided. The chip (12) may contain a substrate (14) and an integrated circuit over the substrate (14). The integrated circuit may include a test circuit, such as a built-in self test circuit and a working circuit, the test circuit includes one or more first driver stages, each having a first driver output, and the work circuit includes one or more second driver stages, each of which is a second driving power that is different from the first driving power, which include first electrical contacts (40) electrically coupled to the first driver stage, and second electrical contacts (42) electrically coupled to the second driver stages, wherein the test circuit, and the first contacts (40) are configured to provide a test mode for testing the integrated circuit, and wherein the working circuit and the second contacts (42) are configured to provide an operating mode of the integrated circuit, which differs from the test mode.


This discussion paper represents an extended abstract of a recent publication where we presented KIRA (Knowledge-based Information Retrieval from Art collections), a system to query, browse and analyze cultural digital contents from a set of distributed and heterogeneous repositories. KIRA relies on a Big Data infrastructure with the following features: capability to gather information from different data sources; advanced data management techniques and technologies; ability to provide useful and personalized data to users based on their preferences and context. KIRA thus provides retrieval and presentation functionalities to search information of interest and present it to the users in a suitable format and according to their needs. Using ad-hoc APIs, our system can also support several applications: mobile multimedia guides, web portals to promote the Cultural Heritage, multimedia recommender and storytelling systems and so on. We discuss the main ideas that characterize the system, showing its use for several applications.


Introduction Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) provides time-resolved 3D information of velocity fields of flowing blood in vessels. It has however been noted that system imperfections including eddy current related phase offsets, sample noise, displacement and partial volume effects can compromise the accuracy of velocity data derived from phase-contrast measurements [1]. If only noise as a source of inaccuracy is considered, statistical methods of streamline generation may be used to improve overall confidence in the vector field visualization [2]. Eddy-current related phase offsets may be measured and corrected for to a certain extent [3], but residual phase errors remain. In contrast to single-slice phase-contrast measurements, three-directional 3D phase-contrast mapping permits incorporation of the physical constraint of approximate incompressibility of blood flow. The present work introduces divergence-free image reconstruction for 3D phase-contrast vector field mapping based on a synergistic combination of normalized convolution and divergence-free radial basis functions. Using computer simulations and in-vivo data it is demonstrated that vector field divergence arising from measurement imperfections can be significantly reduced resulting in improved vector field representations. Theory Velocity vector fields of incompressible fluid flow can be locally approximated by divergence-free radial basis functions [4, 5] according to:


In order to further understand the seismic performance of precast concrete shear wall and the effect of horizontal seam,on the basis of existing experimental results,nonlinear finite element analysis was conducted for a cast-in-situ concrete shear wall and a precast concrete shear wall with horizontal seam under monotonic loading.Based on the correctness of the finite element model,analyzing the effect of axial compression ratio,steel strength,diameter or number and length on carrying capacity,stiffness or deformation capacity.The results show that the finite element analysis of the load-displacement curve is in good agreement with the test results,and the finite element model can well simulate the actual situation.when the axial compression ratio increases,the load capacity and stiffness increase.Different connecting configurations will affect the deformation capacity and the carrying capacity.Precast concrete shear wall has high seismic performance,if there is structural reliability at the horizontal seam.


Fokker-Planck equations are equations in statistical mechanics which defines the evolution of probability of states under the influence of random perturbations. It has found its application to physical and theoretical systems including stochastically perturbed switched electrical networks. The switched electrical networks contribute significantly in the power sector and day to day life. These converters are greatly subjected to noise-both intrinsic and extrinsic. These perturbations and switching uncertainties affect the performance of the converters which includes instability, chaos, bifurcation and component failure as well. However, noise modeling of power converter has received less attention in literature from system theoretic viewpoint. This paper does that. This paper discusses a novel state estimator for a noise influenced three phase PWM inverter is developed using Fokker-Planck analysis. Since sensors can be costly, may be difficult to mount (in specific cases), and may increase the overall system dimensions and complexity apart from loss of accuracy and reliability. In such cases Fokker Planck based estimators can serve as a full state observer for state measurement hence may lead to optimized system performance.


................................................................................................................................................... ii Authorship .............................................................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................... iv Table of Figures ..................................................................................................................................... viii Acronym Reference ................................................................................................................................. xi Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................xiii Chapter 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 Background ........................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Non-Profit Organizations ............................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Applying for Non-Profit Status ............................................................................................ 5 2.1.2 Structure .............................................................................................................................. 8 2.1.3 Funding ................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1.4 Tax Implications ................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.5 The Jed Foundation ............................................................................................................. 9 2.1.6 American Association of University Women ..................................................................... 10 2.2 National Center for Science and Civic Engagement .................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Current Initiatives .............................................................................................................. 11 2.2.2 Harrisburg University ......................................................................................................... 12 2.2.3 Current Funding ................................................................................................................. 12 2.2.4 Operation Costs ................................................................................................................. 13 2.2.5 Strategic Plan ..................................................................................................................... 13 2.3 NCSCE Current Sponsors ............................................................................................................. 14 2.3.1 National Science Foundation ............................................................................................. 14 2.3.2 W.M Keck Foundation ....................................................................................................... 16 2.3.3 Noyce Foundation ............................................................................................................. 17 2.3.4 The Corporation for National and Community Service ..................................................... 17 2.4 Federal & Private Grants ............................................................................................................. 17 2.4.1 Application Process ........................................................................................................... 18 2.4.2 Re-Application Process ...................................................................................................... 18 2.4.3 Indirect Rate ...................................................................................................................... 19 2.4.4 Retrieval of Funds .............................................................................................................. 20 Chapter 3 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Evaluating Organizational Structures .......................................................................................... 22


In the current scenario of medical research, NiTi based smart alloys gaining importance due to the pioneer quality of biocompatibility, wear and corrosion resistance. In the present research, copper particles were blended with the nickel and titanium powder for 8 hours in high energy ball mill for uniform mixing. Specimens were fabricated using powder metallurgy at different compaction pressures. During the sintering process, the binder gets evaporated which makes it porous and suitable for biomedical implants. The testing was carried out to improve the corrosion and wear resistance of NiTi alloy under load-bearing biomedical applications. The addition of copper increases the wear and corrosion resistance of NiTi alloy. The experiments were conducted on pin-on-disk tribometer in the presence of simulated body fluid (SBF) at the temperature of 37 ± 1 °C. The test conditions were maintained according to the simulated hip joint. It was observed that the wear resistance of NiTi alloy increases slightly with the addition of copper particles up to certain percentage. The behaviour of the material changes after copper addition in the presence of SBF. Furthermore, the copper particles were blended with other particles to investigate the consequences on the tribological and corrosion characteristics of the developed materials. The corrosion rate increases when the copper contents were more than 5% due to decrease in the Ecorrosion (−0.19), but after increase the copper content from 5% an increase in Ecorrosion (−0.17) was observed. The copper content should be less than 5% to avoid pitting in the material; otherwise, it decreases the anti-pitting ability of NiTi alloy. The size of wear debris also decreases with the addition of copper up to 5%. After that, an increase in the size of wear debris was observed which makes it unsuitable for biomedical implants.


Evolution -- Conditions of evolution in Oenothera -- Gene mutations in Oenothera -- Mutations in Wild Oenothera -- Evolution of the Onagraceae -- Taxonomy -- Oenothera cultures -- Distribution of Oenothera species -- Culture variations -- Naturalization of species in Europe -- Genetics and Cytology -- Flower-size inheritance -- Development of Oenothera genetics -- Oenothera cytology -- Specificity of chromosome ends -- Conclusions -- Summary -- References.


This paper proposes a two-phase solution for aerial inspecting. First phase focuses on removing images with no abnormal, modified YOLOv3 is used in this phase. Second phase focuses on target locating and identifying, modified SSD is applied in this phase. The experiment result shows the modified YOLOv3 get 2.2% higher accuracy than original design, and the miss rate of detecting images with no abnormal is only 2.6%.


Abstract : A site survey of eight Naval and Marine flight training simulators was conducted to ascertain potential simulator design and procedural aspects with potential for influencing simulator-induced sickness. The results of this survey, described in this report, are catalogued in a set of seven tables including information on various simulator subsystems and simulator-induced sickness incidence. These tables include overviews of simulator visual systems, motion-cuing systems, motion-base parameters, cockpit interior systems, operator/training procedures, reported simulator anomalies, and simulator-induced sickness/aftereffects. Based on this survey, a listing of candidate simulator and operating procedure variables for study is provided. These variables were rated according to their priority for research and their feasibility for laboratory investigation as potential etiological factors in the provaction of simulator-induced sickness. Also provided is a listing of dependent measures amenable for use in research on simulator sickness. A variety of physiological, ataxia, psychomotor, perceptual, task performance, and self-report metrics are suggested. The last section of the report is devoted to the specification of a generic simulator facility aimed at the study of simulator-induced sickness. Suggested requirements for the visual, motion, and computational systems of such a facility are provided, with the intent of establishing an environment in which as many potential simulator design etiological variables as possible could be investigated.


Analysis of randomized, retrospective and prospective clinical, case-control, and observational studies revealed the following main features of COPD in the elderly: (1) COPD is a complex and common condition in elderly patients, characterized by high rates of disturbing symptoms, significant risk of cognitive and functional decline, disease progression, frequent use of health care, extremely difficult treatment and increased mortality. (2) The elderly have an increased prevalence of COPD: in subjects aged 65 years and over, it represents 14,2% (from 11,0% to 18,0%), compared to 9,9% (from 8.2% to 11.8%) in those aged 40 and over. (3) Simultaneously with the 2-4 times higher prevalence of COPD, the elderly patients, especially those aged 75 years or older, also have a higher burden of the disease: frequency, severity and impact of symptoms significantly higher. higher, tolerance to effort and lower daily activities, higher incidence of severe acute exacerbations and higher prevalence of systemic comorbidities. (4) COPD acute exacerbations and comorbidities have poorer results in elderly patients, fact manifested by an increased rate and duration of the hospitalization, an increased rate of repeted hospitalizations and a higher mortality rate. (5) COPD is a multifaceted condition that involves more than just obstruction of the airflow. Systemic inflammation contributes to the development of systemic effects (loss and dysfunction of skeletal muscle, osteoporosis, anemia, cachexia, neurocognitive dysfunction). (6) Multidimensional assessment and multidisciplinary intervention, well recognized in the geriatric population, should be extended to patients with COPD


Blood values and blood gas values of the spontaneous NIDDM Chinese Hamster (NIDDMCH) and the normal inbred line Chinese hamster (NILCH) were analysed. The resluts showed that RDW、MCH、RHb、pCO 2、of NIDDMCH male were higher, and pO 2、H 2Hb、sO 2 lower than that of NILCH male significantly, while no significant difference between NIDDMCH female and NILCH female except for P 50(act) . In NILCH, RBC MetHb、pO 2、tO 2e 、O 2Hb、sO 2 of male were higher, and MCV、MCH、MCHC、RHb、HCO - 3c 、pCO 2 lower, than that of female obviously, while no significant difference between male and female in NIDDMCH.


protein Z and the risk of venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3: 2817–9. 8 Van de Water N, Tan T, Ashton F, O'Grady A, Day T, Browett P, Ockelford P, Harper P. Mutations within the protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor gene are associated with venous thromboembolic disease: a new form of thrombophilia.Br JHaematol 2004; 127: 190–4. 9 Vasse M, Guegan-Massardier E, Borg JY, Woimant F, Soria C. Frequency of protein Z deficiency in patients with ischaemic stroke. Lancet 2001; 357: 933–4. 10 HeebMJ, Paganini-Hill A, Griffin JH, Fisher M. Low protein Z levels and risk of ischemic stroke: differences by diabetic status and gender. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2002; 29: 139–44. 11 Kobelt K, Biasiutti FD, Mattle HP, Lammle B, Wuillemin WA. Protein Z in ischaemic stroke. Br J Haematol 2001; 114: 169–73. 12 Lopaciuk S, Bykowska K, Kwiecinski H, Clonkowska A, KuczynskaZardzewialy A. Protein Z in young survivors of ischemic stroke. Thromb Haemost 2002; 88: 536. 13 McQuillan AM, Eikelboom JW, Hankey GJ, Baker R, Thom J, Staton J, Yi Q, Cole V. Protein Z in ischemic stroke and its etiologic subtypes. Stroke 2003; 34: 2415–9. 14 Lichy C, Kropp S, Dong-Si T, Genius J, Dolan T, Hampe T, Stoll F, Reuner K, Grond-Ginsbach C, Grau A. A common polymorphism of the protein Z gene is associated with protein Z plasma levels and with risk of cerebral ischemia in the young. Stroke 2004; 35: 40–5. 15 Fedi S, Sofi F, Brogi D, Tellini I, Cesari F, Sestini I, Gazzini A, Comeglio M, Abbate R, Gensini GF. Low protein Z plasma levels are independently associated with acute coronary syndromes. Thromb Haemost 2003; 90: 1173–8. 16 SofiF, Cesari F, Vigiani S, Fatini C,Marcucci R,Giglioli C, Valente S, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Fedi S. Protein Z plasma levels in different phases of activity of coronary atherosclerosis. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3: 2254–8. 17 Morange PE, Juhan-Vague I. and the PRIME study group. Protein Z plasma levels are not associated with the risk of coronary heart disease: the PRIME study. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2: 2050–1. 18 The ARIC investigators. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: design and objectives. Am J Epidemiol 1989; 129: 687– 702. 19 Staton J, Sayer M, Hankey GJ, Cole V, Thom J, Eikelboom JW. Protein Z gene polymorphisms, protein Z concentrations, and ischemic stroke. Stroke 2005; 36: 1123–7.


HighlightsA 3D reconstruction algorithm is proposed to determine the snakehead area.The whole-skin peeling system of snakehead is designed by a convolutional neural network.An automatic whole-skin peeling device is presented with computer vision technology.Abstract. A whole-skin peeling system for a snakehead is designed in this article. The snakehead photos are taken from multiple angles and are first filtered to extract the image features, before reconstructing the sparse model. Then, the characteristic parameters of the snakehead are determined through the point cloud coordinates, and dense reconstruction is carried out based on sparse points. The accurate three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the snakehead are obtained by the octree algorithm and Poisson surface reconstruction algorithm. Based on the triangular meshing algorithm, the skin area of a snakehead is calculated to determine whether the snakehead meets the peeling conditions. A trained Faster Region Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) is used to identify the fin position on the snakehead reconstruction model and program the cutting route on the fish neck, while the cutting route of the fish belly is determined by selecting the area of the excretory hole through the ROI region of interest. Finally, the designed mechanical structure is used to peel the whole skin of the snakehead. The experimental results show that the maximum fluctuation rate of the snakehead area calculated by the proposed three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm is less than 4.0%, and the accuracy reaches 87.3%. The average precision (AP) for the determination method of the fish neck cutting position on the snakehead is 90.89%, which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of this method. The present results provide useful technical support for automating fish whole-skin peeling and shedding light on the accurate determination of the surface area and the extrication of the morphological feature parameters of other organisms. Keywords: Neural network, Point cloud, Snakehead, Skin peeling, Three-dimensional reconstruction.


"This study examines the effect of a safety-net program on households' well-being and work activities during an economic downturn. It considers (1) how rural Nicaraguan households without the Red de Proteccion Social (RPS) program fared over the period 2000–02, and (2) whether households benefiting from the program were better able to protect household expenditures and other aspects of well-being than their control counterparts during the same period.... While not designed as a traditional safety net program, RPS has performed like one, protecting most those in greatest need. It provided a cushion for per capita expenditures and protected coffee laborers from working additional hours. It also safeguarded investment in children. Thus RPS played a significant role in helping poor, rural Nicaraguans weather the coffee crisis." From Text


This article studies and analyzes the successful measures and development tendency of clean production of foreign countries,and draws the conclusion that the practice of clean production depends on innovation of policies and technologies.As far as China is concerned,clean production is just in the case of elementary period.During the practice of clean production,we can study the successful experiences of other countries,such as the combination with ISO4000 environmental management system,the extension to the tertiary industry,paying more attention on ecological design of products and strengthening the construction of ecological industry zone.


Existing trajectory prediction algorithms mainly employ kinematical models to approximate real world routes and always ignore spatial and temporal distance. In order to overcome the drawbacks of existing trajectory prediction approaches, this paper proposes a novel trajectory prediction algorithm. It works as: (1) mining the interesting regions from trajectory data sets; (2) extracting the trajectory patterns from trajectory data; and (3) predicting the location of moving objects by using the common movement patterns. By comparing this proposed approach to E3TP, the experiments show our approach is an efficient and effective algorithm for trajectory prediction.


In 2013, He et al. proposed an improved password-based remote user authentication scheme without smart cards. He et al. claimed that their proposed scheme could withstand various cryptographical attacks. However, this paper points out that He et al.'s scheme is still vulnerable to impersonation attack unlike its claim. For this reason, He et al.'s scheme is insecure for practical application.


In this paper, the development of a soft and selective method to increase the etching rate and control accurately the etched thickness of Si3N4 material is reported. This technique combines the low damage characteristics of wet etching with the anisotropy of plasma etching which is compatible with the requirements of many surface sensitive electronic devices such as MOS transistors. This consists on a local modification of the Si3N4 layer using hydrogen‐based plasma followed by wet chemical etching in buffered oxide etch solution. The plasma conditions are optimized and a relatively high etch rate is demonstrated. FTIR analyses show clear evidence that the formation of N–H and Si–H species in the hydrogenated Si3N4 layer contributes effectively to the increase of the etching rate. Finally, a chemical etching model is proposed to explain the higher etch rate of hydrogenated Si3N4.


The strength, stiffness, and stability check calculations and the effect of earthquakes should be considered in the design of cable-stayed arch bridges with collaborative systems. This study aims to investigate the dynamic performance and structural response of cable-stayed arch bridges under seismic action. The space analysis model is enhanced of the Xiang Feng River Bridge using finite element software Midas Civil, whose lower foundation considers the effects of piles and soil. Firstly the vibration period, vibration frequency, and modal characteristics are computed, thus the dynamic performance is summarized of the bridge. Then, a proper seismic wave is selected according to engineering conditions and in terms of three orthogonal directions: inputting the adjusted El Centro seismic wave, considering Rayleigh damping, and calculating via the Newmark method. Furthermore, a time-history response analysis under the action of one-dimensional and multidimensional earthquake is performed. Lastly, the results of the response analysis is compared and the behavior characteristics of arch bridge is summarized under seismic action. The results show that the transverse stability problem of bridges is prominent and should be the focus of antiearthquake fortification, the inclined cable tower of this bridge is not conducive to the earthquake resistance of the structure in comparison with the vertical cable tower. and the influence of horizontal and vertical earthquake actions should be considered in antiearthquake designs.


We analyze the impact of sovereign wealth fund (SWF) investments on firm values and provide evidence consistent with the tradeoff between the monitoring and lobbying benefits versus tunneling and expropriation costs of SWFs as blockholders. The data show significant positive (negative) returns to announcements of SWF investments (divestments). The returns are non-monotonic, first rising (falling) and then falling (rising) with the share sought (sold) for investments (divestments). Moreover, we find that SWFs are often active investors. Slightly more than half of the target firms experience one or more events indicative of SWF monitoring activity or influence.


Fluctuation and morphology of steps growing in a surface diffusion field are studied theoretically and by the Monte Carlo simulation. Owing to the asymmetry in step kinetics (Schwoebel effect), a morphological instability takes place for advancing steps at a critical impingement rate ${\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{c}}$ of gas atoms. The fluctuation of a step is reduced for receding steps with f${\mathit{f}}_{\mathrm{eq}}$, and enhanced for advancing steps with fg${\mathit{f}}_{\mathrm{eq}}$. The width of a single step shows critical divergence at ${\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{c}}$. Above the instability fg${\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{c}}$, the step motion exhibits spatiotemporal chaos, in which the crystal anisotropy influences the morphology. For a vicinal face, when the step advancement rate increases, the motion of consecutive steps is strongly correlated and the terrace width becomes stable although the fluctuation of each step is enhanced. When steps recede in sublimation, bunching of the steps is observed, which is analyzed as an instability of antiphase oscillation.


The article deals with the aims and objectives of «Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Biblical Phrases» and establishes the base of its acute necessity. The article considers the ways of fulfilling these special tasks and cites examples of similarities and peculiarities of modern Russian biblical expressions and their prototypes found in the Bible.


The four papers in this volume address questions raised by the Dean's Grants Program. Among the themes addressed are the potential of deans to fulfill the role of change agent, techniques used in decision making and exercising authority, and faculty members' and deans' perceptions of the dean's role. Carole R. Sivage, in "Advocates of Change: An Analysis of Deans' Roles as Directors of Dean's Grant Projects" presents the results of interviews conducted at 10 institutions receiving Dean's Grants. In an analysis of the case studies, it is suggested that advocacy on the part of the dean should be examined descriptively and qualitatively. Appended to the study is a seven-part outline of the interview questions. In his paper, "Using Structure, Action, and Power to Make Teacher Preparation Responsive to Public Law 94-142," John M. Bryson discusses the nature of power in teacher education institutions. Political activities related to decision making are explained in terms of forums, arenas, and courts, and a model, designed to help with Dean's Grant Project administration, is introduced. John M. Bryson and Karin Fladmoe-Lindquist examined judgments of teacher educators during a simulated planning exercise in "Changing Teacher Education: Addressing the Political Difficulties." The focus was on tactics used in planning and decision making related to specified contextual variables. The results of a survey of 104 deans and interviews with deans and faculty members are reported by Kathy A. Okun in "Deans as Change Agents: Testing Assumptions of the Dean's Grant Program." The conclusion of the study endorses the concept of deans as key change agents for curricular change. (FG)


A security document, such as share certificate, banknote or the like, comprises an embedded safety filament. The filament is of transparent material, esp. plastics, and comprises a printed image (c, b, a) and, at a distance from this image, a shaped outer face (4) acting as a lens for viewing the image. From different viewing angles, different regions of the image are seen and the arrangement is such that the image has a different appearance when viewed from different angles. In one embodiment the surface (4) has the form of a series of cylindrical lenses. In a variant, the structure is partly transparent so that a grating effect is seen. The filament pref. has a rectangular cross-section and the lens face is on the opposite side from the face carrying the image.


The isopiestic method has been used to determine the water activity in the binary solutions Li2Se04-H20 at 25°C. The solubilities in the system Li2Se04-NiSe04-H20 have been investigated by the physicochemical analysis method. It has been established that the system is of a simple eufonie type. The Pitzer ion-interaction model has been used for thermodynamic analysis of the results obtained. The thermodynamic functions needed (binary and ternary parameters of interionic interaction, thermodynamic solubility products) have been calculated and the theoretical solubility isotherm has been plotted. The experimentally obtained and the calculated solubilities are in very good agreement, which proves the correctness of the experimental results obtained.


Caroverine is a spasmolytic drug but no monographs are available in official compendia for the analysis of this substance in raw and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The objective of this work was to develop a simple, fast and validated spectrophotometric method for routine analysis of caroverine in tablets. The newly proposed method depends on the charge-transfer complex formation between caroverine as n-electron donor and chloranil as π-acceptor to give a colored complex that absorbs maximally at 560 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 2-30µg/ml with molar absorptivity of 2.8× 10 4 L mole -1 cm -1 . The results of analysis of commercial formulations and the recovery study (standard addition method) of caroverine suggested that there is no interference from any excipients, which are present in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method is found to be rapid, specific, precise and accurate and can be successfully applied for the routine analysis of caroverine bulk and commercially dosage form. much more investigation. The molecular interactions between electron donors and acceptors are generally associated with the formation of intensely colored charge transfer complexes, which absorb radiation A variety of electron donating yield The objective of this study was to develop a simple and validated spectrophotometric method for routine analysis of caroverine tablets in pharmaceutical laboratories.


As a part of a feasibility study the design and the construction of an accelerator section to be tested at the heavy ion beam of an electrostatic tandem Van de Graaff has been started. This test section consists of a cryostat with two independently phased ¿/2-helix structures at 108 MHz and of a suitable rf-control system. Design criteria and recent results of measurements on a superconducting test cavity with electric surface peak fields up to 29 MV/m are presented.


Artificial intelligence has emerged as promising tool to decode a phase image transmitted through a multimode fiber (MMF) by applying deep learning techniques. By transmitting tens of thousands of images through the MMF, deep neural networks (DNNs) are capable of learning how to decipher the seemingly random output speckle patterns and unveil the intrinsic input-output relationship. High fidelity reconstruction is obtained for datasets with a large degree of homogeneity, which underutilizes the capacity of the combined MMF-DNN system. Here, we show that holographic modulation can be employed to encode an additional layer of variance on the output speckle pattern, improving the overall transmissive capabilities of the system. Operatively we have implemented this by adding a holographic label to the original dataset and injecting the resulting phase image into the fiber facet through a Fourier transform lens. The resulting speckle pattern dataset can be clustered primarily by holographic label (rather than the image data), and can be reconstructed without loss of fidelity. As an application, we describe how colour images may be segmented into RGB components and each colour component may then be labelled by distinct hologram. A UNET architecture was then used to decode each class of speckle patterns and reconstruct the colour image without the need for temporal synchronisation between sender and receiver


This paper discusses the principle on how to implement wireless NMS,explains major modules and data structure together with the processing flow for directive,so as to how to treat invisible characters correctly.


Economic development in East Asia is characterized by the sequential "take-off" of member countries. This multi-tiered economic development in East Asia is often termed the "Flying Geese" pattern of economic development. However, some authors argue that the traditional Flying Geese pattern is not applicable to some industries such as electronics. Here, Japan may no longer be the sole "leading goose", with "followers" such as China (now producing cutting-edge products) having "caught-up". Does this mean that the Flying Geese Model has become "obsolete" in the 21st century? The main objective of this paper is to clarify the two concepts of Flying Geese which now seem confused: (1) application of the pattern of economic development in one specific country, and (2) application of the pattern of economic development to multiple countries in sequence. This paper provides validity checks of Flying Geese Models after differentiating these two concepts more clearly


Corrections 1. Corrections for §7.1 There is a problem: The second convergence of 7.1.2 (3) is not justified. In order to solve this, §7.1 should be corrected as follows. ♯ σ,val be the image of x and take an excellent basis (N s) s∈S for x such that N s ∈ σ(q) for any s (6.3.9). Let S j (1 ≤ j ≤ n) be as in 6.3.3. Take an R-subspace B of σ R such that σ R = A R ⊕ B. We have a unique injective open continuous map (R S ≥0) val × B → |toric| σ,val which sends ((e −2πy s) s∈S , b) (y s ∈ R, b ∈ B) to e((∑ s∈S iy s N s) + ib) (cf. Then, |q| ∈ U and t(|q|) := (t s (|q|)) a∈S = 0. Since |q λ | → |q|, we may assume |q λ | ∈ U .


In nuclear matter calculations, it is of particular importance to make clear whether we can really obtain the binding energy with realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials within the framework of the Brueckner theory1l (i. e. the independent pair model~ IP AM). From this point of view, Harada, Tanaka and one of us (R.T.) 2l bave calculated the binding energy of nuclear matter in momentum space for S-state interactions with a Gaussian soft core. They showed that Brueckner and Gammel's treatmentll of off-energy-shell propagation is valid to a considerable extent as far as S-state soft-core potentials are concerned, *l by using the method proposed in Appendix A of reference 1) which is the most exact treatment in the IPAM. There have been calculations3l by the use of the reference spectrum method. 4l Much remains to be clarified before we can draw any definite conclusion from these calculations since there is apparent disagreement between the reported results for the same potentials. In this note we investigate to what extent the difference between a hard-core potential and soft-core potential affects the properties of nuclear matter, when the potentials reproduce two-nucleon scattering data equally welL We adopt the approximate treatment of Brueckner and Masterson5l whose accuracy is known to give about 1.7 MeV overbinding. This method is sufficient for making comparison between the soft-core and the hard-core potentials. Since our


Monte Carlo simulations were carried out for concentrated aqueous urea solutions at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 mol L-1 in the NpT ensemble at 298 K and 1 atm. The potential energy surfaces were represented by the sum of Coulomb and Lennard-Jones potentials in which pair-wise additivity was considered. Water was described by the TIP4P model, while urea was described by the OPLS planar model and also by a proposed non-planar model. The simulation results for both urea models showed that urea does not induce any significant changes in the structure of water over all the concentrations studied. However, it was noted that the number of hydrogen bonds between the water molecules decrease as the concentration increases. The simulation results of the OPLS planar model suggest the formation of urea dimers in the more concentrated solutions. The simulations with the non-planar model showed several features similar to those of the OPLS planar model.


Convolution is one of the key operations in signal processing and machine learning applications. In this paper, we propose a novel convolution computing paradigm based on the NOR Flash array (NFA) that is capable of executing the 2-D convolution computing in one clock cycle. In order to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed convolution computing paradigm, the feature extraction task on an image with the size of  $20\times 20$  is executed using the NFA structure. We also prove the NOR Flash-driven convolution computing is capable of processing the image with a larger size. This paper presents a new approach to realize convolution computing with high speed and energy efficiency for the signal processing and convolution neural network.


On the requirement of software's cross -platform application,it presents a hierarchical structure design,and completes a powerful cross-platform graphical user interface. It can avoid the complex design of the lower layers ,provide the standard program behavior,shorten the time of development and increases the efficency of research and development.Based on this architecture, software can efficiently smoothly run on a variety of system platform.


SCHOOL NURSES are being urged to examine the state of school toilets across the UK amid rising concerns that children will not use them because they are so unpleasant.


Abstract Reaction of leucine aminopeptidase with dimethyl suberimidate at pH 8.5 and room temperature, followed by incubation with sodium dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol and then electrophoresis in 3.5% acrylamide gels resulted in six protein bands with molecular weights as integer values of 56,000. Under reaction conditions where appreciable cross-linking took place, the species corresponding to dimers, tetramers, and hexamers were much more prevalent than those corresponding to trimers and pentamers, the latter being barely detectable. Providing that the ability of the protomers to form cross-links reflects their spatial arrangement in the oligomer, the results suggest that leucine aminopeptidase is composed of six identical protomers arranged as a trimer of dimers. Of the possible arrangements for a hexamer, the planar hexamer with all heterologous interactions is incompatible with these data. Thus, cross-linking reactions may yield information on the spatial arrangement of protomers in oligomers as well as on the number and kinds of protomers in the oligomer. Individual treatment of a number of monomeric proteins with dimethyl suberimidate in the frozen state at -10° in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol yielded intermolecular cross-linked species which could be separated into a large number of components on gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. For any one cross-linked protein the plot of logarithm of molecular weight against Rf fell on a straight line for Rf values between 0.2 and 0.8. The lines described by different proteins, although generally having similar slopes, were not always superimposable. This procedure for cross-linking monomeric proteins has potential use in determining molecular weights by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate.


Sir John Croftons report (July 4 p 53) of the 1st Chinese International Symposium on Smoking and Health was interesting not only for what was said but also for what was left out: apparently the symposium completely ignored Chinas great tobacco dilemma. China could eliminate tobacco-related diseases within 1 or 2 generations if she wanted to. After all since 1949 China has become the 1 country that has virtually eliminated drug addiction. Other examples of Chinas ability where health care is concerned to help her people by exerting absolute control include the virtual elimination of venereal disease by making extramarital sex a crime against the state and the enforcement of the 1-child family as a birth-control measure. If China is languishing where tobacco is concerned--and she is languishing when she chooses to hold a western-style symposium instead of destroying tobacco crops and making tobacco illegal--it is because she does not want to get rid of tobacco. Is the not because tobacco brings the Chinese government vast wealth since as WHO has reported China is 1 of the leading world producers of tobacco? Also even though tobacco often leads to death do not many of Chinas leaders many of whom are themselves addicted to tobacco see addiction disease and death as unfortunate but tolerable byproducts which are even desirable in an overpopulated society? It is not my intention to be cynical. Nor do I wish to pass judgment on China or her leaders. But the symposium does not serve the scientific community or the world by ignoring Chinas tobacco dilemma. (full text)


This contribution reports the first in situ stereocomplexing polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using a pair of diastereospecific coordination polymerization catalysts for rapid, high-yield, ambient-temperature production of crystalline stereocomplex poly(methyl methacrylate), sc-PMMA, with high Tm up to 217 °C. The diastereospecific catalyst pair is conveniently generated by in situ activation of a mixture of C2- and Cs-ligated metallocene bis(ester enolate)s with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], which is highly active, stereospecific, and controlled for coordination–addition polymerization of MMA to afford crystalline sc-PMMA in typically high to quantitative yields within only minutes of reaction. The isotactic/syndiotactic (it/st) composition of the sc-PMMA materials can be modulated by simply adjusting the relative ratio of the diastereospecific catalysts derived from pre-catalysts such as C2-ligated rac-(EBI)ZrMe[OC(OiPr)CMe2] and Cs-ligated [Ph2C(Cp)(2,7-tBu2-Flu)]Zr[OC(OiPr)CMe2]2; such catalysts have also been used separately to produce highly stereoregular it- and st-PMMAs and their corresponding sc-PMMA transparent film that exhibits nearly idealized characteristics: Mn = 44.2 kDa (vs. the calculated 40.1 kDa), PDI = 1.14, Tg = 96 °C, Tm = 213 °C, mm = 29.2%, rr = 62.3% (it/st ≈ 1/2), and visible transmittance = 92–95%. The in situ PMMA stereocomplexation can also occur in an it/st ratio deviating from the commonly recognized ratio of 1/2. Analysis of two such sc-PMMA materials with it/st ≈ 1/1 and ≈ 1/3 by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) has revealed essentially the same WAXS profile with nearly identical crystalline diffraction peaks attributed to sc-PMMA. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) results of the in situ stereocomplexing polymerization by a diastereospecific catalyst pair, obtained by monitoring the reaction in real time with DLS, indicate that stereocomplexation occurs as the diastereomeric PMMA chains are continuously growing. The presence of nanocages such as POSS and C60, which can be encapsulated by st-PMMA, in the stereocomplexing MMA polymerization system can completely disrupt or have no effect on the stereocomplexation, or enable both stereocomplexation and inclusion complexation processes to occur, depending on the type of nanocage employed.


The syntheses of 9-oxobenzomorphans 10 and 12 are described. Both products exist in the cyclic forms 11 and 13 respectively. Hydrobromide and oxalate salts of the 9-oxobenzomorphan 1 when crystallized from methanol form stable methylhemiketals 4 and 5. Bromination of 5 yielded benzomorphan 8 which on treatment with sodium hydroxide produced, via 10, the cyclic hemiketal 11. Reaction of 8 with sodium hydrogen sulfide afforded, via 12, the cyclic hemithioketals 13.


Relevance. The role of a dentist, who has devoted himself to pediatric dentistry, is undeniable in the population's health formation. Therefore, professional education in this field is an important task of Russian health care.Purpose. To substantiate the department contribution to the training of dentists, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics of the Tver State Medical University and the 105th birth anniversary of its founder, Professor R.D. Novoselov, MD.Material and methods. Based on the analysis of the main activities of the department's staff, we have identified the main achievements promoting the formation of high professional competencies in pediatric dentistry among graduates of the Tver Medical University.Results. The publication presents the milestones of the 50-year department history and the role of Professor R.D. Novoselov, DMD, the founder of the department, a participant of the Great Patriotic War, in training medical and pedagogical staff for pediatric dentistry, in creating a coherent system of organizing pediatric dental care not only in the Tver region but also in the Russian Federation.Conclusion. Teaching, methodical, scientific, medical and educational activities carried out for 50 years at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics of the Tver State Medical University contributed to the training of medical personnel for pediatric dentistry and the improvement of dental health of the Tver region population.


Romania has a genuine accumulation of "blind" porphyry CuAuMo systems associated with Cu skarns or AuAg (PbZn) epithermal vein sets. Many such hidden structures were discovered inadvertently during state exploration based on local tradition that Romanian Carpathians are rich in vein and skarn ore types. Notable dichotomy between porphyries associated with peripheral skarns versus epithermal ores is expressed by age (Mesozoic versus Tertiary), precious metal content, alteration types and zoning, shape/size and extension of ore bodies. Preliminary conclusions on metallic/alteration assemblages around porphyries in addition to geophysical information about inferred deep-seated Alpine plutonism promote potential exploration vectors for what will be an increasingly important deposit type in the future.


In this article, I argue that in his 1838 De l'habitude, Félix Ravaisson uses the analysis of habit to defend a Leibnizian monadism. Recent commentators have failed to appreciate this because they read Ravaisson as a typically post-Kantian philosopher, and underemphasize the distinct context in which he developed his work. I explore three key claims made by interpreters who argue that Ravaisson should be read as a Schellingian, and show [i] that these claims are incompatible with the text of De l'habitude and [ii] how they have obscured from view the monadism at the heart of this work. This article is divided into two sections. First, I explain the importance of Victor Cousin and Maine de Biran for the development of nineteenth-century French philosophy. Second, I argue that to understand the structure of De l'habitude, it should be read as a critique of Cousin's philosophical method and a demonstration of the superiority of Biran's Leibniz-inspired introspective method. Like Biran, Ravaisson believes that the introspective method leads to a pluralist metaphysics of forces, but he uses the introspective analysis of habit to go further back to Leibniz than Biran does and develops a pluralist substance metaphysics.


This paper describes the importance of a Strategic Information System (SIS) as a data integration agent in the Advanced Transport Telematics framework. It outlines demands of the different user groups and the corresponding overall data model. The need for strategic information for planning as well as for traveller and traffic information is pointed out. A novel development in the direct integration of location references via a Geographic Information System (GIS) is discussed. Future prospects concern the integration of an environmental information system into the traffic control system. Brief details of the system architecture and design of: a) the Cologne GIS and SIS; and b) Southampton Travel and Transport Information Centre (TTIC) are provided. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 868006.


In this paper we deal with the following class of Hamiltonian elliptic systems  −∆u = g(v) in Ω, −∆v = f(u) in Ω, u = v = 0 on ∂Ω, where Ω ⊂ R2 is a bounded domain and g is a nonlinearity with exponential growth condition. We derive the maximal growth conditions allowed for f , proving that it can be of exponential type, double-exponential type, or completely arbitrary, depending on the conditions required for g. Under the hypothesis of arbitrary growth conditions or else when f has a double exponential growth, we prove existence of nontrivial solutions for the system.


This study evaluates the effect of shear on the deflection of reinforced concrete (RC) beams subjected to combined bending and shear. A total of nine simply supported beams were manufactured with the shear span-to-depth ratio, tension steel ratio, and shear capacity ratio as test variables. The experimental results were used to evaluate the effect of shear on the deflection by separating them into flexural and shear deformations. The theoretical deflection of the specimens was calculated using the effective moment of inertia equation recommended by ACI 318-19 based on the curvature relationships and experimental results of the flexure critical beams. By comparing the experimental and analytical results, it was revealed that the deflection obtained using the ACI equation underestimated the experimental results by up to about 1.6 times when the shear effect was large.


The purpose of this study was to investigate agreement and theoretically relevant moderators of agreement between non-parent caregivers and teachers in a sample of traumatized youth. Two hundred eleven children (ages 5–16 years) who had experienced abuse and/or neglect were administered the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) shortly after their admission. Additionally, their primary non-parent caregivers were administered the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and their teachers were administered the Teacher Report Form (TRF). Inter-rater agreement between caregivers and teachers was low (Total problems, ICC = 0.29). Agreement was higher for Externalizing Problems as compared to Internalizing Problems. Agreement was generally not moderated by age, gender, or severity of posttraumatic stress, although there were several exceptions. These data suggest that non-parent caregiver and teacher agreement of emotional and behavioral problems in traumatized youth is low but comparable to agreement between parents and teachers. Assessment and treatment implications are discussed.


Structures with a tunable photonic band gap can be used as effective optical switches. In this paper, the availability of n-i-p-i crystal layers in such periodic structures is considered. The dispersion and transmission characteristics of the GaAs-AlGaAs structures are examined for different excitation levels up to where light amplification occurs, The main feature of the switches is the control of the photonic band gap edge near 1.5 /spl mu/m by light at the shorter wavelengths due to the change in the refraction index of the active layers.


With the development of the space exploration missions, a practical and reliable capability for autonomous navigation is urgently needed to reduce operation cost, to improve operational efficiency and to increase mission safety by avoiding dangerous delay in ground control. Celestial navigation is a very attractive autonomous navigation solution for the space exploration missions. It suits LEO satellites as well as high earth orbit (HEO) satellites and deep space explorers. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of the current state and future trend of celestial navigation methods for three types of space explorers are introduced, which include satellites, deep space probes and planetary rovers.


SAS® Metadata security can be complicated to setup and cumbersome to maintain over time. Often times organizations need to manage many itemized groups and roles across multiple logical roles, especially with some industry-specific SAS solutions. In some cases, user groups and roles have no standards or framework to follow, which forces SAS administrators to guess to get an initial security model and process in place. To make matters even more complicated, permissions could be mutually inclusive across logical roles. This paper will present a scalable methodology to manage any number of itemized groups and roles within SAS metadata by providing a standardized template and approach using nested groups which roll up into customizable logical roles. This approach can be scaled for larger organizations by layering more nested groups as the number of users and group grow. Once deployed, the SAS administrator will only need to place SAS user accounts in top-level groups based on logical roles versus managing many groups. INTRODUCTION Security is critical to every environment as well as the process to maintain over time. In the SAS® Intelligence Platform, the SAS® Metadata Server is used to manage security for the environment. It is composed of many small pieces of security controls to manage every major aspect including data access, metadata folder access, component access, users, groups, roles, and functionality within individual tools of the environment. Having many small pieces to define becomes challenging for business users and IT, even with general communication of capabilities desired versus delivered. The targeted reader of this paper is the SAS Platform Administrator as well as the Solution Architect looking to effectively manage the complexity of many small security pieces to manage. This paper will describe key concepts that can be leveraged for simple or complex environments. SAS® Management Console is the primary thickclient tool leveraged by the SAS Platform Administrator. The two important deliverables of the methodology described in this paper is a security model to implement within the User Manager of SAS® Management Console and a conceptual process to follow to manage other areas of SAS metadata. The User Manager is shown in Figure 1. Further details on managing the SAS® Intelligence Platform can be found through SAS Support documentation provided in the References section of this paper. AUTHENTICATION VERSUS AUTHORIZATION Understanding the conceptual difference between authentication and authorization is important. Authentication is the process which makes the simple binary decision if a user is active or not. Authorization is the process which decides what a user can access and perform in the environment. By default, the SAS® Intelligence Platform relies on the host operating system for user authentication and SAS® Metadata for user authorization. Common systems that are used for host authentication are Microsoft Active Directory, PAM, or UNIX password file structure. Other technologies can be leveraged such as direct LDAP authentication. See SAS® Intelligence Platform Customer documentation for further details on configuring SAS for host authentication. Figure 1: User Manager in SAS® Management Console.


Liver fibrosis occurs during chronic liver disease. Advanced liver fibrosis results in cirrhosis, liver failure and often requires liver transplantation. However, due to the lack of human models, mechanisms underlining the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis remain unclear. Recent studies implicated a central role of deranged lipid metabolism in its pathogenesis. In this study, we generated LEPTIN-deficient (LEPTIN-/-) pigs using zinc finger nuclease technology to investigate the mechanisms of liver fibrosis associated with obesity. The LEPTIN-/- pigs showed increased body fat and significant insulin resistance by 12 months of age. To resemble non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, LEPTIN-/- pig developed the phenotypic features of fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis with age. Meanwhile, LEPTIN absence reduced phosphorylation of JAK2-STAT3 and AMPK. The alteration of JAK2-STAT3 enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation, whereas inactivation of AMPK led to mitochondrial autophagy, and both contributed to increased oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Although Leptin deletion in the rat liver altered JAK2-STAT3 phosphorylation, it activated the AMPK pathway and prevented liver fibrogenesis in contrast with the LEPTIN-/- pig. To our knowledge, the LEPTIN-/- pig provides the first model recapitulating the full pathogenesis of NAFLD and its progression toward liver fibrosis. The activity of AMPK signaling pathway suggests a potential target for development of new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.


A major impediment to the transition to context-aware machine translation is the absence of good evaluation metrics and test sets. Sentences that require context to be translated correctly are rare in test sets, reducing the utility of standard corpus-level metrics such as COMET or BLEU. On the other hand, datasets that annotate such sentences are also rare, small in scale, and available for only a few languages. To address this, we modernize, generalize, and extend previous annotation pipelines to produce CTXPRO, a tool that identifies subsets of parallel documents containing sentences that require context to correctly translate five phenomena: gender, formality, and animacy for pronouns, verb phrase ellipsis, and ambiguous noun inflections. The input to the pipeline is a set of hand-crafted, per-language, linguistically-informed rules that select contextual sentence pairs using coreference, part-of-speech, and morphological features provided by state-of-the-art tools. We apply this pipeline to seven languages pairs (EN into and out-of DE, ES, FR, IT, PL, PT, and RU) and two datasets (OpenSubtitles and WMT test sets), and validate its performance using both overlap with previous work and its ability to discriminate a contextual MT system from a sentence-based one. We release the CTXPRO pipeline and data as open source.


This paper is about Anna Akhmatova's attempts to free her son after his arrest in 1949. There has been a lot of literature on the subject, especially by the literary scholar, Emma Gerstein, who took a dedicated part in Akhmatova's efforts. This paper makes a number of unpublished material from 1954–1956 from Gerstein's archive at the Russian State Library (fond 641). First of all, these are letters of petition from Akhmatova to writers, prominent literary and party functionaries Mikhail Sholokhov (two: an authorized typewritten draft and Akhmatova's autograph) and Aleksandr Fadeev (one: a typewritten draft with amendments by Gerstein). There is also a handwritten letter of acknowledgement from Akhmatova to Gerstein and a text called by Emma Grigorievna "Explanations by E.G. Gerstein to A.A. Akhmatova's letters addressed to M.A. Sholokhov and A.A. Fadeev and to some other documents on the case of her son". "Some other documents" are the petitions for Gumilev mentioned by Gerstein in the press but not published by her, written by major scholars: two by the orientalist, Vasily Struve, one each by archaeologists Aleksei Okladnikov and Mikhail Artamonov. Three petitions have been published, one has not yet been published and will be published here for the first time, together with other unknown materials. Among the new materials there is also a letter from Akhmatova to the poet and venerable literary functionary figure Aleksei Surkov, not from the Gerstein archive, although thematically related to the rest of them. The paper consists of two parts (articles). The first part includes Akhmatova's letters to Sholokhov and petitions from scholars, typewritten copies of which are appended to the second letter. The petitions are descriptions of Lev Gumilev, "a very valuable specialist" and "an honest Soviet man" (Struve), and contain requests for an expedited review of his case and to return "the outstanding researcher of Central and Middle Asian peoples' history" "to a real life in science" (Okladnikov). The second article, which will appear in the next issue, includes Akhmatova's letters to Fadeev and Surkov. The publication of the letters is accompanied by Gerstein's "Explanations" and an extensive commentary.


Mitaka optical and InfraRed Array second phase instrument, MIRA-I.2, has obtained the first fringes on 8th June 2002 at a baseline of 30m and the second fringes on 13th August. MIRA-I.2 consisting of two 30cm siderostats was proposed and started designing in 1994. Major constructions started in April 1999 just after the first phase instruments MIRA-I.1 was closed. The telescopes were initially put at a 6m test baseline in the MIRA-I.1 dome and obtained fringes in June 2001 and then moved to the 30m baseline in August 2001. At present, some of parts do not reach the final shape. Observations of star radii or binary orbits will be planed, while remained construction will be continued.


As an easy-to-use interface that supports sound, video, and graphical displays, the World Wide Web is being increasingly employed by organizations of all sizes for electronic marketing and advertising, customer service, and ordering centers. This growing commercial use introduces new opportunities as well as new security risks. Many security concerns stem from flexible design techniques used to build the Internet, some of which make it difficult to identify exactly where data and requests are coming from or where outgoing data will travel. Hackers are breaking into computers daily to sabotage or explore mission-critical data. Formulating a plan to thwart these curious onlookers and potential computer villains is no easy task, because there are many ways unwanted intruders can attempt to gain access to a corporate computer and a range of measures available to help secure that environment. Given the loosely controlled Internet infrastructure, the best way an organization can protect its Web environment is to provide security at the front door. Before an organization can do so, Information Systems managers must first ask two questions:


The odometry error of a mobile robot contains both systematic and non-systematic components. This paper presents an error modeling of an odometry system for a synchronous drive system and a possible strategy in order to evaluate this error. The odometry error is modeled by introducing four parameters characterizing its systematic and non-systematic components (translational and rotational). We introduce five experimentally measurable quantities for a given robot motion, which we call observables. On the basis of our odometry error model we analytically compute the average values of the observables, which depend on the previous four parameters and on the considered robot motion. We suggest a possible strategy in order to simultaneously estimate the four parameters by estimating the observables. We show that our strategy only requires to measure the change in the orientation and position between the initial and the final configuration of the robot related to suitable robot motions. The strategy was applied to the platform Nomad150.


According to the investigation result of five items of students' constitution in Fujian by the end of 2000, most of the indices are lower than those in 1995, which must be paid much attention to and solved through effective measures, so as not to harm the Chinese nation's overall quality and talents' training. In this paper, the major cause of students' constitution becoming weak in Fujian is analyzed and the countermeasures are proposed.


Bulk polymerization of styrene (St) with an in-situ-activated Ziegler-catalyst containing neodymium 2-ethylhexyl phosphonate [Nd(P204)3], magnesium–aluminum alkyls and hexamethyl phosphoramide (HMPA) was studied. The new rare-earth catalyst exhibited high activity for polymerization of styrene, and its catalytic efficiency reached 14 730 g PSt/g Nd. The influence of reaction parameters, such as Mg/Nd, Mg/Al, St/Nd molar ratios, temperature, etc, on the catalyst performance was examined in detail. The molecular weight of the resulting polystyrene is ultra-high (MW = 40 × 104 ∼ 120 × 104 g mol−1) and the distribution of molecular weight is broad (MW/Mn = 2.1 ∼ 2.8). The microstructure of the polystyrene was characterized by IR and 13C NMR spectroscopies and found to be atactic.

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry


Recently, wireless LAN circumstance is being widely deployed in Public spots. Many People use Portable equipments such as PDA and laptop computer for multimedia applications, and also demand of mobility support is increasing. However, handoff latency is inevitably occurred between both APs when clients move from one AP to another. To reduce handoff latency. in this paper, we suggest WFH(Weighted Frequent Handoff) using effective data structure. WFH improves cache hit ratio using a new cache replacement algorithm considering the movement pattern of users. It also reduces unessential duplicate traffics. Our algorithm uses FHR(Frequent Handoff Region) that can change pre-authentication lesion according to QoS based user level, movement Pattern and Neighbor Graph that dynamically captures network movement topology.


Poster: "ECR 2018 / C-3025 / Renal tumors treated with ablative techniques: most frequent complications and how to avoid them" by: "Y. Lamprecht, P. Lastra Garcia-Baron, E. Marin Diez, E. Montes Figueroa, V. Fernandez Lobo, P. Gallego Ferrero; Santander/ES"


Rolling is an essential process for the production of plate, strip and foil. Parallel with automation of the rolling mills, there is an increasing demand for improved performance and accuracy of the rolling models for on-line mill setup and control. This paper discusses recent advances on the development of rolling theories, particularly in non-traditional rolling regimes, such as rolling of thin hard tin-plate, temper rolling and foil rolling. Development and implementation of models based on these theories for real-time applications are also described.


INTRODUCTION Below is a list of monuments recorded during an evaluation study and survey of monuments in Lydd Church, 2009. Most entries include a brief summary of memorial type, a transcription and an accompanying photograph, along with surnames that occur in the inscriptions and a note relating to any interesting symbols or imagery. Surnames, work and religious references can be further examined in the accompanying notes (see Appendices I, II and III). Many of the transcriptions are followed by initials and numbers in brackets; these refer to the earlier notes or transcripts made by Leland L. Duncan, Thomas Cobb or Bryan Faussett, which are available to view on the KAS website. Any differences between the antiquarian records and my own have been noted (Appendix IV). At times these may be minor: previous records were often abbreviated, or may have used a different case to that found on the actual monument. At other times these differences are more marked, particularly when a wrong date of death was originally recorded. As far as possible the following transcripts show what actually appears on the monuments – even when this may seem somewhat idiosyncratic. For clarity, I have numbered each line of text, and used the conventions of manuscript recording to show the end and beginning of a line, as it appears on the monument i.e. / [2] or / [3]. Gaps that occur in a memorial's text are shown as follows: [...]. My insertions are in brackets and underlined. Detailed records of the medieval and early modern brasses include the measurements of all surviving components: the slab, brass inlay, and indents. Several monuments listed in the antiquarian records now appear to be lost. These have been noted in Appendix V. However, a more extensive investigation at Lydd church may reveal the whereabouts of some of these more elusive monuments, and as such this record is subject to revision. Several later monuments that are not documented in the antiquarian works have been included in Appendix VI, as well as those that were inadvertently missed in earlier records. Finally, this study has culminated in a much fuller article, in which the background of the Godfrey family and their memorial art is established in relation to new studies of the economy and society of the towns of the Cinque Port confederation. Furthermore, the Godfreys' choice of commemoration is considered in the light of recent examinations of the dedicatory culture of death.


Design study on a new type of high critical temperature (TC) superconducting micro-undulator was carried out. In this work, we introduce staggered array type microundulator using high TC superconducting material. Transverse magnetic field was measured with YBa2Cu3O7 bulk superconductors at 77 K. The maximum transverse magnetic field strength was about 0.5 mT, when longitudinal magnetic field of the strength in the range of 2 mT to 15 mT was applied.


Plantations are frequently established on abandoned pasture lands to speed forest recovery. This strategy requires matching a tree species mix with the prevailing microenvironmental conditions. In four degraded pastures of the Mexican Lacandon rainforest, we planted 2,400 trees of 6 species (Guazuma ulmifolia, Inga vera, Ochroma pyramidale, Trichospermum mexicanum, Bursera simaruba, and Spondias mombin) to (1) test survival, initial growth, and establishment costs; (2) evaluate whether vegetative cuttings outperform direct seeding or transplants of nursery‐raised seedlings; (3) determine tree response to herbaceous dominance and soil compaction; and (4) scrutinize the results' consistency across sites and sampling scales of tree–microenvironment interactions (individual tree vs. averaged plot responses). After 2 years, overall survival and growth rates were high for 2 of 3 nursery‐raised species. Contrary to expectations, all seedlings outperformed the cuttings while direct seeding resulted in a cost‐effective option of intermediate efficacy. The impact of soil resistance to root penetration on tree biomass accumulation was species dependent while bulk density was not relevant. Soil‐covering, herbaceous vegetation accelerated growth in 3 of 4 tested species during the dry season. At this initial stage of forest restoration in abandoned pastures, Guazuma and Trichospermum were the most restoration‐effective species. Costs can be reduced by using direct‐seeding Inga and avoiding weeding during the dry season. Finally, our results demonstrate how species selection trials can be misleading due to site variations in tree response and to sampling scales that fail to account for small‐scale environmental heterogeneity. We recommend ways to improve the design of restoration trials.


The authors chose Xiaohuang, a Dong people community located in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province, as a sample-village. Based on analysis of data from the forestry sector and survey, three village-level forest maps of different periods over the past 60 years were made by the local public through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Quantitative analysis of these maps unravels changes in forest resources from the forest area, and forest species composition and age structure. Results show that: 1) before the 1950s, the forest coverage rate was 89.1%, occupying most of the land in Xiaohuang village. Fengshui wood, water resource conservation forests, fire woods, and distant primeval forest were four major forest types with a large amount of trees over 100 years old. 2) Compared to the 1950s, the area of woodland decreased significantly. Woodland, the most land use of Xiaohuang, turned out to be wasteland between 1958 and the middle 1980s, with old trees rarely existing. 3) After the later 1980s, the wood area progressively increased and the forest coverage rate recovered to 70.03% in 2007. Current forests consist of shelterbelt wood, timber stands forest, economic forests, and firewood forests, while old trees have been replaced by those below 30 years old. Meanwhile, by literature review, field survey, key informant interview, field survey, and the method of weighted average index analysis, major driving factors affecting the forest changes were identified and sorted. The government policy is the factor of primary importance. Dong customary law, religious and traditional knowledge of forest practices is of secondary importance. The traditional ecological knowledge system, which had conducted an abstentious way of forest resources use, has been effective in ensuring the stability and longevity of the agriculture and forestry ecological system. Results of this study also show that the traditional knowledge has a close connection with forest changes. Local worship of old trees and custom of reservation of Fengshui forest and water source woodland played a significant role in forest resources protection, utilization, and management. Under general circumstances, the forest resources that are well protected and developed always mean that the role of traditional knowledge has been fully made use of. But when serious damages in forest resources happen, the role of traditional knowledge is often limited. Therefore, it is necessary to value the traditional ecological knowledge, and further study and evaluation should be conducted in order to balance development and environmental protection.


Clotrimazole is an antifungal drug for treatment of cutaneous candidiasis infections. However its oral administration is associated with number of drawbacks. The goal of the current investigation is to evaluate the transdermal potential of novel vesicular carrier, ethosomes, bearing Clotrimazole an antifungal having limited transdermal permeation. Clotrimazole loaded ethosomes were prepared, optimized and characterized for vesicular shape and surface morphology, vesicular size, size distribution, entrapment efficiency,  and stability. The ethosomal formulation (E6 having 3%phospholipids content and 35% ethanol showing the greatest entrapment (58.75%) . Stability study was performed for 120 days. Further more ethosomal delivery system could be considered for the treatment of number of dermal infections with better efficiency.


Background: Infertility is defined as a failure to conceive after one year of a regular insecure relation between couples, it has a serious health dispute that has socioeconomic and health effect on both the individual and society. A little data about infertility is available in our country. Aim: This study aims to identify the prevalence and demographic characters of infertile couples in whom the women were within reproductive age; attending Al-Mahaweel primary health care center in Babylon city. Results: This is a cross section study conducted on couples whom the female partners were within the reproductive age attending Al-Mahaweel primary health care center in Babylon governorate. Most women aged equal or less than 35 years (88%) and about half of them with in normal body mass index (46%). Sixty percent of their husbands with free business and 64%live in urban area. Mean age of menarche was 11.5±0.64 (mean± SD), 52% have primary infertility. There were significant difference between patients with primary and secondary infertility regarding duration of bleeding days, duration of infertility, (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression shows that husbands with government employment was associated with increased odds ratio for the primary infertility (OR = 5.429, [1.285-12.941]. Increased duration of bleeding day and duration of infertility associated with increased odds ratio for the primary infertility (OR 4.155, [1.602-10.777]; OR = 1.816, [1.246-2.648] respectively. Conclusion: Among couples in whom the women of reproductive age who live in Al mahaweel district, the prevalence of infertility was 3.3%, and almost half of the couples experiencing primary infertility. Government employment, increased duration of bleeding days and duration of infertility were associated with increased odds ratio for the primary infertility.


We digitally reproduce the process of resource collaboration, design creation, and visual presentation of Chinese seal-carving art. We develop an intelligent seal-carving art-generation system (Zhejiang University Intelligent Seal-Carving System, http://www.next.zju.edu.cn/seal/; the website of the seal-carving search and layout system is http://www.next.zju.edu.cn/seal/search_app/) to deal with the difficulty in using a visual knowledge guided computational art approach. The knowledge base in this study is the Qiushi Seal-Carving Database, which consists of open datasets of images of seal characters and seal stamps. We propose a seal character generation method based on visual knowledge, guided by the database and expertise. Furthermore, to create the layout of the seal, we propose a deformation algorithm to adjust the seal characters and calculate layout parameters from the database and knowledge to achieve an intelligent structure. Experimental results show that this method and system can effectively deal with the difficulties in the generation of seal carving. Our work provides theoretical and applied references for the rebirth and innovation of seal-carving art.


Objective: In this paper we present an empirical study that was aimed at comparing three software inspection methods, in terms of needed time, precision, and recall values. The main objective of this study is to provide software engineers with some insight into choosing the inspection method to adopt.

Method: We conducted a controlled experiment and a replication. These experiments involved 48 Master students in Computer Science at the University of Salerno. In the experiments, 6 academic researchers were also involved. The students had to discover defects within a software artefact using inspection methods that differ in terms of discipline and flexibility. In particular, we selected a disciplined but not flexible method (the Fagan's process), a disciplined and flexible method (a virtual inspection), and a flexible but not disciplined method (the pair inspection).

Results: We observed a significant difference in favour of the Pair Inspection method for the time spent to perform the tasks. The data analysis also revealed a significant difference in favour of the Fagan's inspection process for precision. Finally, the effect of the inspection method on the recall is not significant.

Conclusions: The empirical investigation showed that the discipline and flexibility of an inspection method affect both the time needed to identify defects and the precision of the inspection results. In particular, more flexible methods require less time to inspect a software artefact, while more disciplined methods enable the identification of a lower number of false defects.


Objective To investigate the early curative effects of dl-3n-butylphthalide in acute cerebral infarction patients.Methods A total of 80 acute cerebral infarction patients were randomly divided into dl-3n-butylphthalide treatment group(n=40) and control group(n=40).The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and C-reactive protein(CRP) in the peripheral blood samples were detected before treatment and 14 days after treatment,respectively.The defect scoring of nervous function was evaluated before treatment and 7-and 14 days after treatment,respectively.Results Serum TNF-α and CRP levels were lower after 14 days' treatment than before(P0.01),and there wasa significant difference between the treatment group and the control group(P0.01).The defect scoring of nervous function was more obviously improved in the treatment group than in the control group after 7-and 14 days' treatment.Conclusion Dl-3n-butylphthalide has notable therapeutic effect on early acute cerebral infarction.


The gas phase reactions of the NO3 radical, a ubiquitous constituent of nighttime atmospheres with the reduced sulfur compounds COS, CS2, CH3SH, C2H5SH, and CH3SSCH3 have been investigated. Using a relative rate technique and long path length Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorption spectroscopy, rate constants for these reactions have been determined at 297 ± 2 K in one atmosphere of air. The resulting rate constants (in units of 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1) are: COS, <0.0004; CS2, <0.008; CH3SH, 10 ± 3; C2H5SH, 12 ± 3; and CH3SSCH3, 0.42 ± 0.09. A number of products from these reactions were determined using FT-IR absorption spectroscopy and combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Atmospheric implications of these kinetic and product data are discussed.


Research of international competitive power belongs to the category of strategy management.Enhancement strategies of the international competitive power of academic profession refers to the overall scheme for academic profession to sharpen the competitive edge and to ensure long-term survival and continuous development.This paper discusses five important strategic choices for enhancing the international competitive power of academic profession in China,including differentiation of profound knowledge,priority of academic professional power,popularization of academic ethic,long-term social benefit and harmonization of academic profession ecology.


For pt.I, see ibid., vol.20, p.5675 (1987). Pulsed Fourier transform techniques for the analysis of time-resolved absorption signals have been applied to microwave-microwave double-resonance gas spectroscopy. The resonant frequencies of connected transitions have been identified by a two-dimensional Fourier transform plot, and a novel two-pulse technique which displays spectra over a band exceeding 100 MHz has been introduced. Sample results are presented for the species OCS and ClCN. New spectral features caused by the simultaneous excitation of two pump transitions have been observed and are discussed.


A new technique for the deposition of nickel metal films by gas‐phase pyrolysis of nickel tetracarbonyl gas is described. A pulsed CO2 laser is used to form a reaction zone adjacent to a cold substrate, resulting in a rapidly quenched film. The technique relies on dielectric breakdown of a mixture of source and carrier gases and therefore lends itself to a variety of source gases and chemistries. Adherence data and compositional and structural analyses are presented.


We apply two quantum-trajectory methods to a decaying system of $N$ two-level atoms described by the Dicke model. Such a system is known to be superfluorescent, which is characterized by the $\mathrm{tanh}$-like decay of the inversion for large $N$. This $\mathrm{tanh}$ behavior is also found for the jump-free evolution for a single atom using the quantum-jump method, which has been identified with the neoclassical theory of spontaneous emission. However, we find that this behavior of superfluorescence is governed by the jump statistics. The jump-free evolution of the Dicke system displays other atypical behavior. We find that the energy of the system can in fact increase during the jump-free evolution and we propose an experiment that can detect this behavior. Applying the state-diffusion method to the system, we find that the trajectories keep the system in a spin coherent state, which confirms the picture of superfluorescence for single trajectories as a toppling needle point. This enables us to write an approximate analytic expression for the decay of the energy for any $N$. Finally, we discuss the calculation of two-time correlation functions per trajectory and as an illustration we calculate the single-trajectory spectra. In the quantum-jump method, these single-trajectory spectra do not correspond to intuition, which we ascribe to the incompatibility of photon counting and spectral measurement.


Hobbes illustrates the political necessity for self-censorship, especially when one's ideas are dangerous to those in power, something we can trace throughout this collection back to Aristophanes, as the collection's title suggests. In the epilogue, Baltussen and Davis present a summative trajectory of this wide-ranging collection, and they point out that sometimes (self-)censorship is a response to repression and sometimes is a radical rejection of that repression. This collection not only demonstrates the pervasiveness of censorship throughout Western history but also shows that it is never a matter of total honesty or total dissimulation. Frankly, we could understand "the art of veiled speech" as a particular form of the art of rhetoric. Rather than simply "true" or "false," using language rhetorically means focusing better attention on the consequences, expectations, and limits of what can be thought, done, and said within a particular context, because the freedom to speak and the limits on that speech are as mutually constitutive as they are opposed. If we continue to idealize this binaristic understanding of honesty and deception, then we will continue to get what we have always gotten: Alexander, Nero, Caligula, . . . Trump.