In this study I explore the influence/use of the morphemenin Tonga. This morpheme is mainly viewed and/or regarded as the first person singular pronoun in many Bantu languages. In this study, I argue that in addition to being a first person singular morpheme, ncan also be used as a second person pronoun in Tonga. It is shown in the study that the morpheme is in fact part of the discontinuous morpheme, the other part of the discontinuous morpheme being the terminal vowel – e. Further, I demonstrate that the tone on all the syllables succeeding ndetermines the semantic out-put of the syntactic unit, resulting from prefixing nto a verb. I end by positing a rule for the phenomenon, which I have suspected is endemic in other Bantu


This article presents the results of an experimental study of the noise characteristics of small-scale coaxial counter-rotating rotors. The tests were carried out in an anechoic soundproof chamber for F7/A7 counter-rotating rotors with 11 and 9 blades on the front and rear rotors, respectively. The intensity of noise emission by rotors was compared with the constancy of the thrust of the power units. Acoustic studies have shown the presence of tonal and broadband noise components at low rotation speeds. In addition to the usual noise components, tonal components were also observed for the rotor blade running combinations. The observed noise levels at these frequencies are equal, and in some directions are significantly higher than the noise levels at the frequencies of the blades of the first and second rows. In experiments, it was found that, while maintaining the equality of the rods, with an increase in the diameter, the noise levels at the rotors decrease due to a decrease in peripheral speeds. A decrease in the noise levels of rotors with an increase in the number of blades was established due to a decrease in aerodynamic loads on the blades and peripheral speeds. An important parameter here is the filling factor of the space swept by the blades. With an increase in this coefficient, the rotation noise decreases, but the vortex noise increases significantly.


An algorithm based on principal component analysis that can help a user select important features in a data set is proposed. This algorithm combines the information obtained from the principal component analysis technique with adjustable criteria from users. These criteria are related to the importance value of each feature in the data set. The result of this algorithm is a data set with a smaller number of features. By decreasing the number of features to be used when training a classifier, the training time can be reduced. Also, if enough important information is maintained, there should be little or no effect on the quality of the obtained classifier. The proposed algorithm is implemented in Python and the reduced-feature data set obtained from this algorithm are used to train various classifiers to verify their quality. The results in terms of training time and accuracy of the classifier are compared and discussed.


Countryside differs from cities,and rules being applied in resolving disputes in cities cannot be taken to settle those of countryside.Taking the construction of socialist harmonious society as the perspective,examining the existing disputes in the countryside as well as perfecting and innovating dispute settlement mechanism are of great practical significance.


The most frightening debacle of democracy is not caused by a revolution or a coup d'etat but by the creeping process of delegitimization, in which the Giant's leap ("Quantensprung") is hardly conceivable. The most notorious example to date is the Weimar Republic, as the German Reich was called between 1918/9–1933. This example has served as a constant warning for all democratic systems since then, and is therefore always present and relevant. It is not for a social or cultural historian to intervene in a purely professional discussion of jurists or legal historians concerning the question of constitution, law and democracy. His aim is to concentrate on the complex relationship between the social and cultural contexts and the constitutional text and subtext.


The preferred conformations of peptides heavily based on the currently extensively exploited achiral and chiral α-amino acids with a quaternary α-carbon atom, as determined by conformational energy computations, crystal-state (x-ray diffraction) analyses, and solution (1H-NMR and spectroscopic) investigations, are reviewed. It is concluded that 310/α-helical structures and the fully extended (C5) conformation are preferentially adopted by peptide sequences characterized by this family of amino acids, depending upon overall bulkiness and nature (e.g., whether acyclic or C ↔ C cyclized) of their side chains. The intriguing relationship between α-carbon chirality and bend/helix handedness is also illustrated. γ-Bends and semiextended conformations are rarely observed. Formation of β-sheet structures is prevented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 60: 396–419, 2001


Inoculation of wounded tubers at intervals throughout the storage season showed that, after harvesting, resistance to infection by F. avenaceum was maintained for a longer period than resistance to F. caeruleum, although eventually the tubers became equally susceptible to both fungi. Tubers were less readily infected through clean-cut than through scarified wounds. Resistance to infection was greater when an interval elapsed between wounding and inoculation than when the wound was inoculated immediately; this was related to an increase in the intrinsic ability of the cells near the wound to resist infection rather than to suberization of the wounded surface or wound periderm formation.

Histological studies showed that F. caeruleum grew through the intercellular spaces and that the adjacent host cells remained alive, often for considerable periods, whereas F. avenaceum killed and penetrated the cells with which it came into contact. Restriction of incipient or established lesions caused by F. caeruleum and of incipent lesions caused by F. avenaceum was associated with suberin deposition on the host cell walls and in the intercellular spaces; in established lesions caused by F. avenaceum, restriction was attributed to an increase in the intrinsic resistance of the adjacent host cells, similar to that found near a wounded surface.


This article was a qualitative research with using phenomenology approach. The researchers were the main research instruments in this study in order to analyze the type of informatics engineering studenet's learning obstacles in calculus subject, its causative factors and the ways to overcome the students' learning obstacles. Researcher as the lecturer used test, questionnaire, observation sheet and interview technique to collect the data. The subject of this study was 47 students of informatics engineering study programme, while the object of this study was the students' learning obstacles. According to the data analysis results, the findings of this study are: (1) the type of informatics engineering studenet's learning obstacles in calculus subject are in the principle, concept, operation and fact; (2) the causative factors of informatics engineering students' learning obstacles in calculus subject are: less using of learning media, using incorrect methods, less of study needs, the lowerness of students' intelligence, the lowerness of students' motivation in learning mathematics and the lowerness of students' prior mathematical knowledge; and (3) to overcome the informatics engineering students' learning obstacles in calculus subjectare: rearrange learning schedule at home, give guidance to the students, using variatif methods, using clear learning methods and multiplicate the supportive learning facilities.


The Disease in the Cat Leukemia is one of the commonest malignancies in this species, representing about 15 % of the total (Cotchin 1952, 1957); the true incidence is unknown as we do not have data on cat populations. The disease presents essentially as a multicentric lymphosarcoma, but three morbid anatomical distributions are seen: (1) alimentarymesenteric node-liver complex; (2) widespread lympho-splenic neoplasia, and (3) thymic with greater or lesser involvement of lymphoid and other organs. There are no obvious cytological differences in tumours with these three distributions; in individual cases the cytology is fairly uniform; the cell type ranges from stem cell to mature lymphocyte. There is no sharp differentiation into acute and chronic forms as in the human and in many cases there is no overt leukeemia. Nevertheless, there seems to be no basic biological difference in the disease seen in the human and in the domestic animals (Holzworth 1960, Jarrett 1965, Crighton 1965).


The present study was conducted on 200 food handlers employed at restaurants with open-kitchens in Seoul to evaluate their food sanitation knowledge levels and practices. A majority of participants (88%) replied that open-kitchens are more hygienic than common kitchens due to the sanitary cooking process. The correct answer rate was 94.3% for sanitation of instruments and utensils and environmental sanitation, whereas food handling sanitation (66.8%) was ranked at the bottom among food sanitation knowledge. Total scores of food sanitation knowledge were significantly influenced by education level and ages of food handlers (p<0.001). Personal hygiene knowledge level of food handlers regarding institutional food service was higher than that of food handlers at restaurants and bakeries (p<0.001). Food sanitation practices scores showed significant differences in personal hygiene (p<0.001) and environmental sanitation (p<0.05) according to certificate possession. As the result of correlation analysis between food sanitation knowledge and practices, there was no significantly positive correlation, whereas a significant positive correlation was observed between knowledge of food handling and personal hygiene practices (p<0.05). The results show need for improvement in both knowledge and practice levels of open-kitchen food handlers. Consistent and customized food sanitation education program should be developed to protect against food poisoning at open-kitchen restaurants.


For a number of years there has been a sustained acknowledgement of the worth of 'transformational' leadership as a catalyst for change within police organisations. Academics, policy makers and senior officers alike have pronounced the benefits to be enjoyed from the implementation of such leadership models, not least in respect of promoting cultural change. However, this paper will present a counter argument to suggest that the application of transformational leadership models to policing contexts is, if not flawed, then at least worthy of more robust critique that that which, to date, it has been subjected to. In doing so, this paper explores the concept of 'transformational' leadership and its relevance to policing contexts. Additionally, the paper will suggest that claims of success in effecting cultural change within police organisations are likely to rest on simplistic conceptions of police culture and its relationship to police behaviour.


This study reports on the investigation of magnetic parameters of nanoislands Fe/MgO(001) films. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) techniques are used to characterize these nanoisland films.


Purpose – This paper has two overall goals. The first is to serve as a broad overview of the literature on the subject theme, with three main objectives in mind: to highlight the complexities of international market selection or segmentation as a field of study and as a strategic decision by international firms; to explore the various ways and perspectives from which this area has been studied; and to suggest areas for future research by drawing on the preceding discussion. The second goal of the paper is to act as an introduction to the IMR special issue on the title theme, by outlining the special issue's objectives and the contributions to it.Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on the relevant literatures, the paper begins by outlining the factors that make the field complex in both theoretical and applied terms, moves to consider the research streams that comprise its main components, and concludes by drawing conclusions and implications for future research.Findings – A large part of the complexity ...


College English teaching has been the focus and demanding task in higher education. It is necessary to promote collegeEnglish teaching reform in this context. Among various teaching methods, situational experiencing teaching method proves to beeffective in English teaching. This paper firstly presents the application of situational experiencing teaching method in collegeEnglish teaching, and then it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this method.


The modern interpretation of the term "ideal gas" is not ideal. The drawbacks of this interpretation are that as properties of "ideal gas" only the presence of kinetic energy of molecules of the gas is accepted, with the complete absence of the dimensions of the molecules. Such postulates lead to fact that under the same conditions the same gas obeys the equations of the "ideal gas", i. e. Is ideal, and under other conditions obeys the laws of "real gas", and as it becomes imperfect. In the article it is proposed to extend the axiomatics of "ideal gas" by supplementing and replacing postulates of the "ideal gas", with postulates of the presence of molecules of an ideal gas of intrinsic sizes and potential forces of interaction of molecules. Such an approach will allow theory of gases to be constructed smoothly, without jumps from the theory of "ideal gas" to the theories of "real gases". The present Kinetic theory of gases is not denied, but becomes an integral part of general theory of "ideal gas" under certain conditions, in the case of rarefied gases and high temperatures, when influence of the intrinsic molecular sizes and potential forces of interaction of molecules becomes small and can be ignored.


Recently organic farming practice of rice has been emerged in Korea, but one of the major limiting factor is the no effective environmental-friendly agro-materials to control major plant diseases. Bordeaux mixture has been used effectively as a preventive agro-chemical. The aim of this study was to investigate efficacy of Bordeanux mixture on control of rice blast caused by Magnaporthe grisea which is one of the disruptive rice diseases in world-wide. In greenhouse experiment, pre-treatment of 6-6 type of Bordeaux mixture before inoculation of spore suspension of M. grasea showed 71 % of control value. In field experiment, preventive applications of 4-8 and 6-6 types of Bordeaux mixture showed over 71 % of the control value. Chemical injury on rice leaves were not found in the application concentrations of all types of Bordeaux mixture, but observed in applications of Bordeaux mixtures between 30 and 100 diluted concentrations. This results indicate Bordeaux mixture can be used as an effective environmental-friendly agro-chemical to control rice blast disease in the field.


The rustyside sucker, Thobturnia rhothoeca (Thoburn), has been known to taxonomists for some fifty years yet almost nothing has been published on its life history. It is a small species that inhabits the small mountain streams of the upper James River, Potomac River, and Kanawha River systems in western Virginia and West Virginia. It prefers the swifter parts of rapidly flowing streams where it is often abundant and is structurally modified for life in such a habitat. Among the adaptations pointed out by Hubbs (1930: 45), the head is "small, convex, decurved; the skull thick, with obliterated fontanelle." In adults the two chambered airbladder is much reduced in size. This sucker is of little or no economic importance as human food since it probably seldom exceeds seven inches in total length. It might possibly be of some use as bait fish and may be utilized to some extent in nature as forage by game fish.


1. Texas Tech University—David Weindorf, coach 2. University of Arkansas— Kristofer Brye, coach 3. Oklahoma State University— Brian Carter, coach The above teams won the teamjudging portion of the competition in the same order. The top five contestants were: 1. Jennifer Romero, Texas Tech 2. David Brockman, Texas Tech 3. Jared Dill, Oklahoma State University 4. Johan Derochers, University of Arkansas 5. Trey Roach, Texas Tech Many congratulations to the winning teams. Garry Harris, Jim Akin, and Clark Harshbarger of the USDA-NRCS were indispensable throughout the process of putting on this competition.


As an important means of spreading the Chinese literature, translation has not attracted the attention it deserves for a long time. Today, when China is implementing the cultural going out strategy, it is necessary to rethink the importance of translation and the content to be translated, the choice of translators and translation strategies involved in the Chinese literature s going out.


Compute generated holography(CGH) based on diffraction specific fringe computation of 3-D holographic imaging,computation of basis fringes is according to a point imaging.View field is divided into eight regions by basis fringes diffraction.It can be implemented using CGH and imaging process Epipolar plane images(EPI) through capturing the spatio-perspective volume by the "regular shearing" geometry of a proposed camera.Sequence parallax images can be transformed into hologram using basis fringes.Experimental results are presented.


The amphibian yolk platelet is a particular kind of food-reserve granule which may be easily recognized by microscopy and which is abundant in the cytoplasm of amphibian eggs and embryos. Wallace & Karasaki (1963) developed a method by which intact yolk platelets were isolated from eggs of Rana pipiens and were shown by electron microscopy to be practically free from other materials. Chemical analysis of such yolk platelets by Wallace (1963 a, b ) showed that the crystalline main body is made up of two components, a phosphoprotein of similar amino-acid composition to avian phosvitin and a lipoprotein similar to avian α-lipovitellin, the molecular proportions being 2 to 1 respectively. Surrounding this crystalline main body of the yolk platelet there is a granular peripheral zone which has been reported to contain both protein resembling histone (Horn, 1962) and polysaccharide (Ohno, Karasaki & Takata, 1964).


Agrobacterium tumefaciens KU12 contains pTiKU12 (240kb) of the octopine type Ti plamsid and pTi12 (45 kb) of the cryptic plasmid. To make the avirulent A. tumefaciens, the octopine type Ti plasmid, pTiKU12, was cured with elevated temperature (37) and ethidium bromide (EtBr), respectively. Also the cryptic plasmid, pTi12, was cured by the introduction of recombinant plasmid, pYWXP, made by pTi12 replication origin and pUC19. pYWXP was cured by elevated temperature (37) and EtBr simultaneously.


Blossom drop and reduced fruit set in tomato can seriously impact yields. Growers in Florida routinely experience such problems and inquire about the cause and possible preventative measures to reduce flower loss and improve yields. The problem can be frustrating and difficult to manage in some situations. This 6-page fact sheet was written by Monica Ozores-Hampton, Fnu Kiran, and Gene McAvoy, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, July 2012.


12 p. transcript of an interview with Clayton Sands conducted by Gladys Tooshkenig and Burton Jacobs on January 25, 1979. Tape number IH-OA.012, transcript disc 126.


A new isoprenylated dihydroflavonol derivative, macalowiinin ( 1 ), together with two known flavonoids 4'- O -methyl-8-isoprenylnaringenin ( 2 ) and 4'- O -methyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone ( 3 ) (= acasetin), have been isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Macaranga lowii . The structures of these compounds were determined based on UV, NMR, and mass spectral data, and optical rotation. Preliminary cytotoxic evaluation of compounds 1 – 3 against P-388 cells showed that compound 3 is the most active with IC 50 was 58.7 mM.


Objective It is to investigate the influence of the heat shock protein 90( HSP90) inhibitor Retaspimycin Hydrochloride( IPI-504) on the ability of proliferation,migration,invasion and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells of SGC-7901,NCI-N87 and their CD44+stem cell like gastric cancer cells. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect and sort the stem cell like cells in SGC-7901,NCI-N87 gastric cancer cells. MTT colorimetric assay was utilized to compare the effort of IPI-504 on the inhibition ratio in SGC-7901,NCI-N87 and their CD44+stem cell like gastric cancer cells. Colony formation assay was executed to test the effort of IPI-504 on colony formation ability in SGC-7901,NCI-N87 gastric cancer and their CD44+stem cell like cells. Scratch test and Transwell invasion assay was applied to detect the effort of IPI-504 on migration and invasion ability in SGC-7901,NCI-N87 gastric cancer and their CD44+stem cell like cells. Flow cytometry was also used to detect the effect of IPI-504 on the apoptosis in SGC-7901,NCI-N87 gastric cancer and their CD44+stem cell like cells. Results 8% and 6% CD44+stem cell like cells was sorted from SGC-7901,NCI-N87 gastric cancer cells with purity 95%. IPI-504 could dramatically inhibit the abilities of proliferation,migration,invasion and colony formation in SGC-7901,NCI-N87 gastric cancer and their CD44+stem cell like cells and significantly raise the apoptosis in these cells as dose dependent. Conclusion HSP90 inhibitor IPI-504 can suppress the cells function of SGC-7901,NCI-N87 gastric cancer and their CD44+stem cell like cells,and promote their apoptosis.


Background: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder and associated with several complications if not diagnosed and managed. Levothyroxine replacement therapy is the treatment of choice. Traditionally the levothyroxine is given daily empty stomach. Levothyroxine has a long half-life of 6- 7 days and hence can be given 5 days a week keeping the weekly dose same. Aims and Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of 5 days a week levothyroxine verses daily replacement therapy in hypothyroid patients and to identify patient's satisfaction level at the end of trial. Methods: Patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism and having stable thyroid function in last 6 months with minimum 2 normal thyroid profile report on same LT4 dose will be shifted to 5 days a week regimen after informed consent. Biochemical analysis for thyroid profile was done at 12 and 24 weeks or SOS according to clinical judgement. Result: 75 Hypothyroid patients were included in the study with male to female ratio of 3:22. The mean age of our patients was 41.6 years. Mean duration of hypothyroidism was 7.6 years. The mean TSH, T4, T3 at baseline was as, 3.12 μIU/ml, 8.6μg/dl, 0.91ng/ml and at 12 weeks and 24 weeks were as 3.72 μIU/ml, 8.1μg/dl, 1.1ng/ml and 3.31 μIU/ml, 8.2μg/dl, 0.83 ng/ml respectively. There was no significant difference in thyroid profile. 63 patients did not require any dose adjustment. In 7 patients dose increment was required while in 5 patients dose reduction was done. 41 patients were more satisfied with 5 days a week, 11 patients were more satisfied with traditional daily dosing while 23 had no preferences and were like just will follow as per treating doctor. Conclusion: 5 days a week levothyroxine replacement regimen is non-Inferior to daily levothyroxine replacement regimen in treating hypothyroid patients.


Osteopetrosis is a hereditary group of bony dysplasia caused by diminished osteoclast activity. It is a rare bone disease with an incidence of 1/500000, therefore, doctors may experience only few cases, or only a single case within their lifetime. We hereby reported a case of osteopetrosis who presenting with a super-scan found by 99m Tc-MDP whole-body bone scan.


Eucommia ulmoides gum(gutta-percha or balata) is a crystalline particle existing in the bark and leaf of Duzhong tree (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv),and to extract E.ulmoides gum,some special methods have to be used.The involved methods can be divided into two classes:solvent resolution and mechanical force destroying plant tissue.Although solvent resolution method has a high efficiency,the currently used methods require a great deal of amount solvent and cause a serious environmental pollution.The results showed that E.ulmoides gum was easily resolved in hot(about 80 ℃) petroleum ether,but when the temperature of solution cooled down to below 40 ℃,flocculent gum turned up and at-20 ℃gum in solution almost fully precipitated out.After filtering off gum,the solution was well reused as a solvent for next gum extraction.Since the other impurities were kept in solution,deposited flocculent gum had a high purity.And also in experiment process,the loss of solvent was small and caused pollution in surroundings was limited,and new method greatly simplified the gun extraction and recovery process.


Abstract The local geometry and the orientation of the CuCl4 2- complexes formed in TMA2MnCl4:Cu2+ are studied through the polarized Charge Transfer (CT) spectra in the 10 - 300 K temperature range. The analysis of these spectra indicates that CuCl4 2- complexes display distortions of D2d symmetry along only one of the tetrahedron S4 axes, with bond angles of 124°. The structural phase transitions undergone by this crystal mainly involve reorientational motions of the CuCl4 2- complexes. Below the P1121/n→P121/cl phase transition temperature, 171 K, the CT spectra experience the highest variations due to the formation of domains.


By modern design of the concrete system, proper selection of cement and aggregates with appropriate additives as well as other concrete production procedures, satisfactory properties of the finished concrete mass can be achieved. When making concrete, aggregate makes up approximately three-quarters of its volume, which has a great influence on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. Due to its significantly greater stiffness than that of cement stone, large aggregate grains form the basis of concrete through which forces are transmitted. Small aggregate grains together with cement paste make up the mortar. Although the role of coarse grains and sand in fresh and hardened concrete is different, they are observed together in all tests. The choice of aggregate depends on several factors, where we would especially emphasize its availability. Its characteristics such as: plasticity, workability, strength, density, durability, permeability, texture and color largely depend on the type and quality of the aggregate used in the process of making concrete. It is available to everyone because it is actually a composite material whose basic ingredients are aggregate, cement, water and other necessary additives. This paper will deal with the division of aggregates as well as the most frequently investigated properties of aggregates.


A leftover Load Rate-based dynamic balance mechanism is proposed after analyzing static balance technology and dynamic balance technology on the purpose of improving the performance of cluster systems.This mechanism adopts leftover Load Rate as appraisable standard;BP neural network is used to train nodes of cluster systems because of different performance of the nodes;and a new distribution method which is based on static balance technology with a flow table and dynamic balance technology based on load-forecasting is proposed to distribute assignments to nodes of cluster systems.This distribution method reduces times of dispatching assignments between nodes,and improves the performance of cluster systems.The final simulation result suggests this balance mechanism is feasible and valid.


The present invention relates to a power metering device or metering current transformers tamper real time fault detection method and apparatus. 8 which, by the high-frequency excitation state of the recording module 1, module 2 signal coupling, signal sampling module 3, the signal processing module 4, the module 5 determines the state of the output module 6, the power module 7, the module clock module 9, the status display module 10, network communication module 11 and other components. Metering current transformer or tamper real time fault detection method and apparatus of the present invention provides, compared to the conventional metering means detecting a current transformer, the fault current can effectively solve the metered energy metering conventional transformer or tamper low detection accuracy, timeliness and reliability is poor, the problem is not critical line measurement, can be widely used in power systems and power metering tamper detection record.


An unintentional fall can make injure to elderly. This paper aims to develop a portable and efficient device to monitor the falls in the elderly population by integrating a micro controller, a 3-DOF acceleration sensor, a GSM/GPRS modem and corresponding embedded fall detection algorithms. This system can work well in both indoor and outdoor environments. The human activities can be sensed by the low-cost and low power 3-DOF accelerometer. The acceleration signals are brought to the micro controller to monitor and alert the fall events. The cascade posture recognitions are proposed to enhance the fall detection accuracy by determining if the posture is a result of a fall. If the people fall, an alert message would be sent to their relative or a health center via the GSM/GPRS modem. The experiment device has been tested carefully and it can be applied to real applications for the elderly health.


Philip Henry Dorn, software pioneer, champion of computing, skilled industry analyst, respected consultant, gifted writer and speaker, and friend and supporter of people in the world of computing and beyond, died suddenly while returning by taxi to his New York City home from a ballet performance on June 8,1993. He was 62 years old.


Due to the great differences in statistical features between control flows and data flows,the performance of DFI(deep flow inspection) in the identification of P2P streaming traffic is not so ideal.Enlightened by the idea of DFI,this paper proposed a P2P streaming identification method based on endpoint features.This method chose six features aimed at net-endpoint so as to identify P2P streaming traffic using machine learning.Experimental results show that this method performs better in overall accuracy over DFI,and it can also be used in real-time P2P streaming traffic identification.


A numerical method for incompressible flow is develped based on the multiblock scheme and implicit conservative block interface treatment and the SIMPLE pressure-correction algorithm using curvilinear finite volume approach. The full approximation scheme-full multigrid (FAS-FMG) is utilized to accelerate the convergence rate. A patch-based multiblock method is used as a smoother in the solution algorithm. The proposed numerical scheme has been tested for several benchmark solutions, including lid-driven cavity, Benard convection and Karman vertex shedding problems. Performance and the convergence characteristics of the multiblock and multigrid method are examined. The proposed method is also applied to an important industrial process, the edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) of silicon tube, in which the multi-length-scale phenomena is resolved.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


The vision, strategies, and goals of enterprises involve numerous security issues; these stem from legal and business concerns. For example, a financial organization, such as a bank, needs to ensure that employee and customer data are kept private and account balances for customers are not corrupted. Some of these needs may be realized in a collection of software applications such as employee payroll, employee performance review, and account reconciliation systems. The problem of effectively designing secure software systems to meet an organization's needs is a critical part of their success. This paper focuses on the problem of how to build security into a software architecture using the Formal Design Analysis Framework (FDAF). FDAF is an aspect-oriented approach that supports the design and analysis of non-functional properties for distributed, real-time systems. Particularly, an empirical study is presented to illustrate building Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), a design aspect in FDAF aspect repository, into the architecture for an online banking system. The RBAC aspect is adapted from the well-established RBAC security pattern. The study has also demonstrated how FDAF can help meet a system's enterprise level security requirements.


The knowledge society gives a remarkable role to human potentialities into organizations. For this reason has emerged talent management. But it is necessary to know its meaning to put on practice programs. In this paper, the author analyzes different points of views about this topic.


Primary spontaneous pneumothorax mostly occurs in tall and thin young male. Rupture of bullae or blebs on the visceral pleural surface is regarded to result in pneumothorax in this patient. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax can be managed by conservative or surgical methods. The development of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) made this procedure as one of important treatment options for this patient. VATS treatment is indicated for recurrent cases, those who are refractory to conservative treatments or visible bullae/blebs on image findings. Chest computed tomography can be used to assess the existence and location of bullae/blebs on the ipsilateral or contralateral side, as well as the severity of pleural adhesion. These above information is important to determinate subsequent decision and plan of management.


This meeting of multi-disciplinary researchers (Santa Barbara, CA, February 1999) explored the integration and problems associated with multiple modalities and multiple frames of reference, as represented in spatial language and human decision making. Modality themes included learning environments via maps, navigation, and virtual navigation; tactile, auditory, and visual localization and navigation; and learning environments from spatial descriptions. Reference frames under consideration included relative, intrinsic, and absolute reference frames for describing locations; orientation-free vs. orientation-specific representations; heads-up and north-up maps in navigation systems; mixing gaze, route, and survey perspectives in descriptions; expressing differing modalities or frames through language; and cross-cultural differences in the use of reference frames. This report summarizes the discussions and plenary presentation, and presents a set of research questions for further investigation.


labmm modifies (multiple) value labels. The user is to define a value label in the same way this would be done using label define (except no labelname is specified). labmm will modify as many value labels as the user likes, according to the defined value label. The default is to modify all value labels stored in memory.


The purpose of this paper is to propose appropriate sustainable design solution for a suitable housing architectural design that responds towards ecological needs vital for a comfortable home living environment. This paper is vital as there are many arising issue relating to middle income housing development involving comfort quality that need much attention from various parties. Past literature on middle income housing development in Malaysia focuses on limited areas of study. These are quality of communal living in settlements; neighbourhood facilities and its effectiveness; crime prevention through housing design; dwelling support services; policy making on housing ownership; corporate social responsibility on housing development from developer's and buyer's perspective; efficient housing construction system; waste management in residential areas; the increment of housing price and related factors as well as documentation on factors that hinders the implementation of sustainable technology in middle income housing schemes. None of the above literature discusses on how to implement ecological approach in home design. This research analyses the home users' perception from direct observation and questionnaires on two selected case studies of middle income housing located in two major cities in Malaysia's urban context to establish appropriate ecological home design attributes for future referencing. Findings indicate there are four key factors that contributed in the development of ecology housing for the benefit of occupants which are suitable structure usage, placement of building; proper openings, application of building fenestration and appropriate landscape. The established referential guideline design is of benefit for future designers, builders, developer and related authority to build comfortable homes in the future.


The invention provides a manufacturing method for a semiconductor device wherein an electrode (13) of a semiconductor chip (1) is electrically connected to an inner conductor (11a) of a support strip (23). The electrode (13) of the semiconductor chip is brought into contact with the inner conductor (11a) of the support strip (23). The connection is made in the above condition, whereby the value of the deflection of the inner conductor can be limited to 80 mum or less.


Since China has formally joined the WTO,Chinese higher education will eventually entered the international education market,participate in the international competitions and follow the international development route.This essay begins with the higher education internationalization issue,and analyzes trend of higher education.Furthermore,the solutions to enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese higher education has been supplied.


Introduction Antibodies are routinely used in molecular biology and medical research, but, with over 30 antibodies currently approved for clinical use, they already demonstrated their advantages as therapeutics for the treatment of conditions such as a range of cancers, Crohn's disease or transplant rejection. While antibodies are generally considered safer drugs than traditional small molecules, they also tend to show great efficacy. However, antibodies also suffer drawbacks such as the costs for developing new antibodies as well as interactions with the immune system. Currently, much effort is directed to optimize the selectivity and efficacy of antibodies toward a type of cells or molecules to optimally target a disease (1).


This note is intended to clarify and correct several points in a recent paper describing some notations for symbol manipulation by M. P. Barnett [Comm. ACM 6(August, 1963)].


This paper outlines the motivation behind, and fabrication process for, a novel through-wafer electrical interconnect structure. The interconnect was designed in order to test the feasibility of routing electrical signals through full thickness silicon wafers. The completed interconnect is compatible with solder-based direct-chip-attach (DCA) processing and CMOS circuitry. The core of the through-wafer electrical interconnect structure consists of a high-aspect-ratio via which is subsequently insulated and metallized. On the wafer backside, an under bump metallurgy (UBM) is added around the via opening and a solder bump is formed to complete the interconnect.


Sensorial escalation, heterogeneity, pervasiveness, and increased connectivity have created a haven for cyber-criminals, where potential attacks are being exacerbated on a daily basis. In essence, most automated systems are not built to be able to dynamically detect potential security incidents or to provide digital forensic evidence that could be used for forensic hypothesis formation. Consequently, several ISO standards have also been proposed, however, they present a very generic view on investigation. Notably, in the recent past, sensorial proliferation has seen the increased usage of virtual sensors that have extended the functionalities and utilization of physical sensors-where sensing can be done using an abstraction/logical layers, which allows streamed sensor data to be collected dynamically in a proactive approach. The usage of virtual sensors has proved to be threat driven and the vulnerable threat landscape keeps being exploited. In this position paper, the author proposes a Virtual Sensor Forensic (VSF) architecture that may accurately give insights on event response processes, as a reactive technique. The proposed VSF architecture has dimensions that are application-specific, which shows that during the collection of streamed sensor data, post-event response may be of importance towards the detection of potential security incidents. The effort that has been put across in this position has presented the agenda of virtual sensor forensics based on a novel approach, that can be used as a post-event mechanism with a degree of acceptability.


For systems with multicore processors contention for shared resources is a problem that occurs when several memory-intensive processes are executed in parallel within the same memory domain. This contention has a direct influence on the performance of the system and is a complex problem that has been recognized for a long time. An attractive and actively studied way to minimize this problem is by using a process scheduler adapted to allocate processor cores in a way such that contention for shared resources is minimized.
With the introduction of multicore NUMA-systems (Non-Uniform Memory Access) the situation has become even more complex. In these systems the access time for processor cores to different memory domains vary depending on factors such as distance and load. Thus, the process scheduler also has to consider where the memory of each process is placed to minimize the distance and balance the load on each memory domain.
This report presents a user-level process scheduler for a NUMA-system based on the multicore processor Tilera TILEPro64. The scheduler considers the load on each memory domain to guide the allocation of processor cores. The purpose is to spread the executing processes and thereby minimize memory access time.
The results show that the scheduler achieves a small performance gain regarding execution time for several workloads. On the basis of these results the report discusses properties of the system and potential limitations in both the development environment and our implementation.


in our attempts to improve reading instruction we have had hun dreds of studies of the characteristics of pupils, and scores of studies in which instructional programs and materials have been analyzed or compared, but there have been surprisingly few studies of the teacher's contribution?of the teacher characteristics that make for successful learning, or of specific forms of teacher behavior that are associated with good and poor pupil learning in the reading program. Quite familiar to IRA members are the cooperative studies of primary grade reading which began with twenty-seven federally assisted first-grade projects in 1964-65. Half continued through sec ond grade, and six followed their pupils through third grade. Indi vidual project summaries have appeared in The Reading Teacher, and the lengthy reports from the Coordinating Center have been published in the Reading Research Quarterly. These studies, taken together, form the largest-scale comparative investigation of begin ning reading instruction yet made. One of the most important con clusions of the Coordinating Center's first-grade report was stated as follows:


Australian TAFE program, regarded as high quality education resource, has been introduced to more and more colleges and universities in China since 1990s. Why is this happening? What can be learned from the practice of this program in the training of practical personnel? This article tries to provide some enlightenment to benefit the training of practical personnel in China's colleges and universities through analyzing the key items like personnel training objective, personnel training plan, teaching methodology in the TAFE program in Ningbo University of Technology.


In Colombia, a civil conflict enduring for six decades promised to come to an end in 2016 when
the Colombian government and guerrilla party FARC for the first time in the history of the conflict
agreed to negotiate peace. A series of events ensued that promised a long yearned for condition of
peace for Colombia; this included the adoption of a peace agreement and a plebiscite as democratic
tool allowing Colombian citizens to choose to support or oppose the agreement. This period of
political change brought with it concerns about the involvement of Colombians residing abroad
in the peacebuilding process. Focusing on the publications of the Colombian government and
national media during this period of political change, this research captured the first steps in the
peacebuilding process, focusing particularly on the return of nationals living in Ecuador to
Colombia. Bringing together theories on migration, peacebuilding and media representation, the
case study of Colombia allowed for an overview of the end of a long-enduring conflict that had
generated large-scale forced displacement outside and within the Colombian territory. The end of
the conflict through the peace agreement announced the inclusion of emigrants in the
peacebuilding process, particularly through the return of those victims that had left the country
due to the conflict. However, restoring the bond between a sending country and its population
abroad implies systematic efforts to change beliefs related to war that are embedded in the society.
Therefore, the communication of the Colombian government and national media with nationals
residing abroad was explored by means of a discourse analysis focused on the comprehension of
intentions, interpretations and choices of the dialogues between these parties and Colombian
civilians that are victims to the conflict. The findings showed that the discourses of both
government and media sources fluctuated according to three specific events: the signing of the
peace agreement, the plebiscite following the peace agreement, and the granting of the Nobel
Peace Prize to Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos. As a result, expected and unexpected
controversies altered the storyline of the peace process.


Hemiphaedusa similaris (Adams, 1867) is distributed in southern Taiwan. Three infraspecific names have been described, i.e. Clausilia (Hemiphaedusa) similaris var. ventriosa Schmacker & Boettger, 1891 from Kankow, Clausilia (Hemiphaedusa) similaris var. clava Schmacker & Boettger, 1891 from Takao and Hemiphaedusa similaris nigra Chang, 1990 from Kenting. Because of the inexact type locality in the original description and misinterpretations by subsequent authors, the taxonomy of these species group names is unclear. The type specimens and new materials of the four taxa were collected and compared in the present study. The present author consider that the type locality of H. similaris may be around Takao of 1860s, nowadays S. Shoushan to Cijin area, because of the high similarity between type specimens and new collected materials from this area. Clausilia s. var. clava is a synonym of H. similaris. Hemiphaedusa ventriosa is an independent species due to fusiform shell, fewer numbers of whorls, smaller shell and wider upper spire than H. similaris. Hemiphaedusa s. nigra is a synonym of H. ventriosa because of the similarity of shell morphology and geographical affinity. Owing to the sympatry and intermediated form of claviform and fusiform of H. ventriosa were observed at a few locations, the phylogeography and taxonomy between the two forms remain unclear.


The origins of the city (Books I & II) finding a place for Beast and God (Book III) turning regimes into polities (Books IV, V, and VI) the best regime and the limits of politics (Books VII and VIII) citizens, statesmen, and modern political theory.


The recent years have seen a global rise of the partnership between Government and the Third Sector, with a starting development in China. After combing the theoretical basis and structure of the partnership of Government and the Third Sector, the paper takes as an example of SQ Social Work Services Operation Pattern, and by means of literature review and interview, it arrives at the conslusion that the achievement of the partnership requires that the two parties reach a dynamic balance of mutual complement and adjustment in a democratic, fair, and transparent framework based on a mutually recognized goal.


Aims: The study determined the relationship between levels of stress and adjustment patterns of retired civil servants, the relationship between levels of stress and adjustment patterns of male retired civil servants, as well as the relationship between levels of stress and adjustment patterns of female retired civil servants in Anambra state, Nigeria. Study Design: The research design was a correlation survey. Place and Duration of Study: Anambra state secretariat office, March 2010 to February 2020. Methodology: The multistage sampling procedure was used to select a sample size of 513 retired civil servants from a population of 1500 retired civil servants in Anambra state (220 male and 252 female) (Source: Anambra state secretariat office, personal/accounts department, 2019). Levels of stress (LOS) and adjustment patterns questionnaires (APQ) were used to collect data which was administered through direct delivery approach. The validity of the questionnaires was carried out by three experts. The reliability coefficient for the levels of stress questionnaire (LSQ) was 0.78, while the reliability coefficient for adjustment pattern questionnaire was 0.85. Research questions 1, 2 and 3 were answered using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r). The null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using t-test of correlation. Original Research Articles Agha and Nwankwo; AIR, 22(1): 92-99, 2021; Article no.AIR.67018 93 Results: Findings from the study revealed among others that; the relationship between levels of stress and adjustment patterns of retired civil servants is high and positive (r=0.661/n=472), while the relationship between levels of stress and adjustment patterns based on gender of retired civil servants is positively high for male (r=0.703/n=220), and moderately positive for female retired civil servants (r=0.577/n=252). Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that male and female retired civil servants should be encouraged to engage in meaningful activities that will reduce their stress levels. Also, the federal government should look into disbursement of funds and the payment of retired civil servants, the prioritizing of retirees' payment of pension and gratuities can promote this process. Through this, retired civil servants will meet up financial obligations of their families, and in turn reduce the level of stress they undergo. Conclusion: There is a high positive correlation between levels of stress and their adjustment patterns, it was also found that a high positive correlation between levels of stress and adjustment patterns of male and female retired civil servants in Anambra state. Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was found between levels of stress and adjustment patterns of retired civil servants.


Abstract The new compound Co5(OH)6(H2O)2[SO3]2 was synthesized by a hydrothermal route and its crystal structure was determined from the combination of single crystal X-ray- and neutron powder-diffraction data. Co5(OH)6(H2O)2[SO3]2 crystallizes with the space group P21/c, a=7.0229(19) Å, b=5.4722(15) Å, c=15.833(4), β=106.34(1)°, V=583.9(3) Å3 and Z=4. The crystal structure consists of a 2D-framework of cobalt octahedra sharing corners and edges and giving rise to a stairs-like layers, interconnected through O–H···O–S4+ hydrogen bonds.


Abstract This study assesses the delay faced by approaching through vehicles at uncontrolled median openings due to U-turning movement. Under limited priority situation, the U-turning vehicles accept smaller gaps which compel the through vehicles to reduce their speeds and experience delays. First, the slowdown section is identified and the delay faced by through vehicles from the starting of slowdown section to start of median opening is estimated. This is termed as approach delay. The approaching vehicles shift laterally as they approach toward the median opening. The concept of zone has been introduced to study this lateral movement. This study shows that the vehicles moving through the zone adjacent to curb face more delay as compared to the vehicles moving through the zone adjacent to median. Finally, a regression model is developed for estimating approach delay faced by any vehicle category traveling through a particular zone at a given U-turning traffic volume.


We demonstrate an approach to enhance dipolar resonance contrast and magnetic resonance in highly dense cross coupled bow-tie nanostructure. We further observe strong hybridization of the Fano effect with the vibrational mode of the PMMA organic substance.


Aim - The purpose of this literature review is to explore the online shopping experience and evaluate why consumers are opting to shop online as opposed to traditional shopping. Research and findings- Previous research conducted indicates that convenience and time are the major factors affecting the decision to shop online. It was also found that young consumers are more likely to make online purchases. Implications- Marketers can implement their knowledge of online shopping behaviour to come up with compelling marketing strategies. Future research- Further research can be conducted on how to successfully use online retailing and predict how the growing use of internet will affect future consumers and their shopping behaviour.


PurposeThe research on supply chain resilience (SCRES) has gained momentum after organizations have experienced more frequent and severe disruptions, especially with COVID-19 and the Russia/Ukraine conflict. Due to its potential for new practices and capability building, SCRES requires dynamic capabilities (DC) to enable an organization to prepare for, counter, and recuperate from disruptions leading to performance improvements and competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approachThe present literature study seeks to enrich the theoretical debate on DC in SCRES, contributing to an advanced understanding of SCRES. Therefore, a meta-review of 83 peer-reviewed literature reviews has been conducted. Based on qualitative content analysis and abductive reasoning, relevant constructs are synthesized to facilitate theory-building for SCRES DC into a comprehensive framework.FindingsThe analysis reveals that SCRES has developed into an independent research area. Thus, resilience capabilities must be considered bundles of practices, evolving from different areas beyond supply chain risk management (SCRM). Most recent literature reviews on SCRES address more than one practice bundle applying SCRES DC as antecedents of new DC when organizational structures become more mature, leading to path dependencies when building business capabilities.Originality/valueAggregating extant literature on SCRES into a theoretical framework, the study contributes to a better understanding of the relationships between DC and SCRES practices while offering potential avenues for future research. It enriches DC theory by extending its microfoundations towards a holding/buffering dimension, which particularly accounts for the stability-based view of SCRES.


Guest Editor's Note Earthquake engineering profession has learnt more from performance of manmade structures during earthquakes than from laboratory tests or from analytical studies. Damaging earthquakes provide excellent full-scale test results on real-life structures; such results involve no modelling errors or approximations. Moreover, the results are for everyone to see and no sophisticated interpretation of results by the "experts" is required. India has had an excellent tradition of scientifically studying earthquake effects, of learning from these earthquakes, and of publishing related information for wide circulation. Oldham's memoir11 of the 1897 Assam earthquake (M8.7) was considered by Richter2 as one of the most valuable source books in seismology. Similar memoirs were published by the Geological Survey of India after the 1905 Kangra3 (M8.6) and the 1934 BiharNepal42 (M8.4) earthquakes. In fact, after the 1934, the Journal itself brought out a special issue53entitled The Great Indian Earthquake. It is a delight to see this issue more than sixty years later; one cannot but admire the excellent photographs, the easy style of communication targeted at professional engineers, and above all the foresight of its editors. Since some of the greatest earthquakes of the world have occurred in India, these earthquakes have led to several early developments in earthquake engineering. For instance, the 1819 Runn of Cutch earthquake (M8.3) provided2 the earliest clear and circumstantially described occurrence of faulting during earthquakes. The descriptions of 1897 Assam earthquake provided the principal model for the highest grade, XII, of the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. As a consequence of devastation caused by this earthquake, the Assam-type house was developed which later became popular in the entire north-east and which is known for its excellent earthquake resistance. After the 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (M8.4), the Geological Survey of India prepared the Seismic Zone Map of India in which the country was divided into three seismic zones. After the 1935 Quetta earthquake (M7.6), the Military Engineer Service made a significant attempt at earthquake resistant construction: it required reinforced concrete bands at plinth, lintel, and roof levels in masonry buildings. These are the features we recommend even today for earthquakeresistant masonry buildings. Unfortunately, after independence the country seems to have lost the vigour in learning from earthquakes. Interest is picking up again as a result of four moderate earthquakes in the country in the last ten years, and these four earthquakes are relatively well-documented. However, despite this increased interest the professional engineers have not involved themselves in any significant way in the post-earthquake studies; such


Aurora occasionally exhibits short‐lived appearance of a bright red border at the bottom of an auroral arc, band, or curtain. This is called a type B red aurora. Based on simultaneous measurements of auroral emissions from N2 1PG ("red" aurora) and O (1S) ("green" aurora) as well as incident electrons by the Reimei satellite, we show the following two individual observations. Energy flux and average energy of incident electrons (1) were not always higher in the red‐dominated aurora than in the green‐dominated aurora, and (2) were not correlated with the intensity of "green" auroras, but with the intensity of "red" auroras. These observational facts suggest that for the reddening of auroras, intense electron precipitation is unnecessary. A rapid movement, or appearance of electron precipitation is sufficient for the reddening because of the difference in lifetimes of N2 1PG and O (1S).


Yellow-orange light in the range 580–600 nm is one of the remaining laser lines not reachable by direct emission from solid-state, crystal based laser materials, or by Second Harmonic Generation (SHG). Q-switched sources in this wavelength range are of importance in areas such as medicine, isotope separation, and fluorescence analysis. In this paper we present a new scheme for generating 589 nm light with good efficiency and high power.


Summary In this paper we explore the advantages gained in discussing stick-slip-like models in the context of simple mathematically-continuous friction laws. One such law is chosen and analysed in detail. ' Quaking behaviour ' is observed for this mathematical model and the parameters governing its behaviour are found to be two dimensionless numbers, both of which are smaller than 1 for behaviour most like earthquakes. A laboratory realization of the mathematical model is described and is observed to exhibit quaking behaviour.


Stress corrosion cracking failures of high-pressure gas transmission pipelines have occurred. Although such failures are infrequent, there is a concern about their potentially catastrophic nature. The susceptibility of a material to this failure is controlled by crack growth kinetics which is governed by the composition of the water at the crack tip, the material composition, temperature, and stress/strain conditions. Hence, there is a need to investigate these parameters to begin to understand and develop predictive capabilities to avoid this phenomenon.


Peering into history, numismatic records indicate that a few national currencies played important roles in enabling international trade. Ancient Athens issued the silver drachma in the 5th century B.C. It became the first currency circulated widely outside its issuing state's borders. This was followed by the Roman aureus and the Byzantine solidus coin in the 6th century; the Arabian dinar in the 7th century; and the Mediterranean currencies between the 13th to the 15th centuries.


In Reply In response to our study on tapering of csDMARDs in patients with RA in remission,1 Dr Baker and colleagues discuss the potential for successful tapering, and even drug-free remission, in RA. They highlight that our study results can be interpreted differently than the main conclusion of the article, which was also discussed in the Editorial by Curtis et al.2 Although the ARCTIC REWIND trial showed an almost 4-fold increase in flare rate for patients randomized to halfdose csDMARDs compared with stable-dose csDMARDs, the results also showed that 75% of patients receiving half-dose csDMARDs did not experience a flare after 1 year. Additionally, most patients with flares regained remission after reinstating full-dose csDMARD treatment. However, studies indicate that even manageable flares and fluctuations in disease activity can affect the daily lives of patients, yielding reminders of the unpredictability of RA.3,4 Baker and colleagues suggest that successful tapering can be possible within subgroups of patients, eg, based on serologic status or achievement of rigorous remission criteria such as the ACR/EULAR Boolean remission.5,6 Analyses of the primary end point of the ARCTIC REWIND csDMARD study revealed no statistically significant difference in flare rate based on serologic status in patients receiving half-dose therapy: 24% (16/67) among seropositive patients vs 30% (3/10) among seronegative patients (P = .70). Additionally, 22% (11/50) of patients in remission, as defined by ACR/EULAR Boolean criteria, experienced a flare compared with 30% (8/27) of patients not fulfilling these criteria at baseline (P = .58). We also assessed baseline predictors for successful tapering in the 77 patients randomized to half-dose csDMARDs who were treated per protocol. During the 1-year follow-up, 25% (19 patients) experienced a flare. The final multivariate model shows anticitrullinated protein antibody level (range, 0-340 IU/mL; odds ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.00-1.09] per 10 units; P = .03) and Disease Activity Score (odds ratio, 6.43 [95% CI, 1.07-38.84]; P = .04) at time of tapering to be associated with a subsequent disease flare, although the cross-validated area under the curve for the model was low (0.55 [95% CI, 0.43-0.68]). The results of subgroup analyses and predictor analyses indicate there still is an unmet need for risk stratification variables that can successfully guide personalized tapering of treatment in RA. The ARCTIC REWIND data can inform shared decisionmaking, which takes into account the consequences of a potential flare for an individual patient and the benefits of drug reduction. In a second phase of the current study, patients with RA who maintained remission for a year after tapering csDMARD to a half dose were randomized to either continued half-dose treatment or withdrawal of csDMARD. These data will add to the understanding of whether drugfree remission can be achievable for patients with RA.


This article aims to analyze the dynamics of employment, settlements and wages in Brazilian municipalities in the year 2013. The analysis is performed using the canonical correlation method, seeking to evaluate the performance of the CNAE sectors linked to Defense activities and the data of development in Education, Employment and Income, and Health of the Brazilian municipalities of the Federation of Industries of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The main results show that, for a cross-section analysis of the year 2013, there is a considerable level of correlation for the brazilian case.


The long-term success of Grids depends critically on three issues: open standards, open software, and open infrastructure. As interest in Grids continued to grow., and in particular as industrial interest emerged, the importance of true standards increased.


Objective To explore the influencing factors of recurrent cardiac events in patients with chronic heart failure.Methods A total of 328 patients with chronic heart failure were selected in the First People' s Hospital of Foshan from August 2013 to July 2015.According to the incidence of recurrent cardiac events,the patients were divided into A group(without recurrent cardiac events,n = 186)and B group(with recurrent cardiac events,n = 142).The clinical data of the two groups was retrospectively analyzed,Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of recurrent cardiac events in patients with chronic heart failure.Results No statistically significant differences of BMI,ALT,AST,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,SBP,FPG,Hb or WBC was found between the two groups(P 0.05); plasma levels of Copeptin and NT-pro BNP,LVESD and LVEDD of B group were statistically significantly higher than those of A group,cardiac functional grading of B group was statistically significantly worse than that of A group,LVEF of B group was statistically significantly lower than that of A group(P 0.05).Cardiac functional grading of chronic heart failure patients with high plasma levels of Copeptin and NT-pro BNP was statistically significantly worse than that of chronic heart failure patients with low plasma levels of Copeptin and NT-pro BNP,LVEF of chronic heart failure patients with high plasma levels of Copeptin and NT-pro BNP was statistically significantly lower than that of chronic heart failure patients with low plasma levels of Copeptin and NT-pro BNP,while LVESD and LVEDD of of chronic heart failure patients with high plasma levels of Copeptin and NT-pro BNP were statistically significantly higher than those of chronic heart failure patients with low plasma levels of Copeptin and NT-pro BNP.Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that,age 〔RR = 1.21,95% CI(1.09,1.37)〕,plasma Copeptin level 〔RR = 1.67,95%CI(1.27,2.40)〕 and plasma NT-pro BNP level 〔RR = 2.02,95% CI(1.53,3.23)〕 were influencing factors of recurrent cardiac events in patients with chronic heart failure.Conclusion Chronic heart failure patients with advanced age,high plasma levels of Copeptin and NT-pro BNP have high risk of recurrent cardiac events.


Menschutkin reaction and controlled polymerization were combined to construct three types of star polymers with a branched core. Branched PVD was synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization and used as a core reagent to synthesize multiarm and miktoarm stars with poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(tert-butyl acrylate), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) segments. Effects of reaction time, feed ratio, and arm length on coupling reaction between PVD and bromide-functionalized polymer were investigated, and a variety of Am-type stars (m ≈ 7.0–35.1) were obtained. Meanwhile, AmBn stars (m ≈ 9.0, n ≈ 6.1–11.3) were achieved by successive Menschutkin reactions, and AmCo stars (m ≈ 8.8–9.0, o ≈ 5.0) were generated by tandem quaternization and RAFT processes. Molecular weights of various stars usually agreed well with the theoretical values, and their polydispersity indices were in the range of 1.06–1.24. The arm number, chain length, ...


Bitcoin is an electronic cryptocurrency developed based on Blockchain technology. With its decentralized feature, it has become incredibly popular since its invention. However, the Bitcoin network suffers from 51% attacks, where if malicious attackers' control over half of the computing power, they are able to rewrite the network. The attackers are capable of doing so by initiating the Eclipse attack first, which aims to monopolize all communications from and to a controlled Bitcoin node. In this paper, we model and analyze the dependability of the Bitcoin network subject to the Eclipse and 51% attacks. We propose a hierarchical model that encompasses a continuous-time Markov chain method for the node-level dependability analysis and a multi-valued decision diagram method for the system-level dependability analysis. Detailed case studies on Bitcoin systems with homogeneous and heterogeneous nodes are conducted to demonstrate the proposed model and investigate the impacts of several critical parameters on Bitcoin network dependability.


According to the requirements of police GIS applications, the methods of establishing the Police Spatial Database Management Systems based on ArcSDE, Oracle, police spatial information characteristics, COM GIS technology as well as C/S system structure has been proposed in this paper. This method will fulfill the uniform and effective management for the police spatial information.


Research over the past several decades has shown that preferential flow is more the rule than the exception. However, our collective understanding of preferential flow processes has been limited by a lack of suitable methods to detect and visualize the initiation and evolution of non-uniform wetting at high spatial and temporal resolutions, particularly in real-world settings. In this study, we investigate water infiltration initiation by tree trunk and root systems. We carried out time-lapse ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys in conjunction with a simulated stemflow event to provide evidence of root-induced preferential flow and generate a three-dimensional representation of the wetted zone.

We established a survey grid (3.5 m × 5 m, with a local slope of 10.3°), consisting of ten horizontal and thirteen vertical parallel survey lines with 0.5 m intervals between them. The horizontal lines were downslope-oriented. The grid was placed around a Quercus suber L. We collected a total of 46 (2 GPR surveys × 23 survey lines) radargrams using an IDS (Ingegneria Dei Sistemi S.p.A.) Ris Hi Mod v. 1.0 system with a 900-MHz antenna mounted on a GPR cart. Two grid GPR surveys were carried out before and after the artificial stemflow experiment. In the experiment, we applied 100 L of brilliant blue dye (E133) solution on the tree trunk. The stemflow volume of 100 L corresponded to 63.2 mm of incident precipitation, considering a crown projected area of 201 m2 and a 1.3% conversion rate of rainfall to stemflow. Trench profiles were carefully excavated with hand tools to remove soil and detect both root location and size and areas of infiltration and preferential pathways on the soil profile.

The majority (84.4%) of artificially applied stemflow infiltrated into the soil, while the remaining 15.6% generated overland flow, which was collected by a small v-shaped plastic channel placed into a groove previously scraped on the downhill side of the tree. The 3D diagram clearly demarcated the dimension and shape of the wetted zone, thus providing evidence of root-induced preferential flow along coarse roots. The wetted zone extended downslope up to a horizontal distance of 3 m from the trunk and down to a depth of approximately 0.7 m. Put all together, this study shows the importance of accounting for plant and trees trunk and root systems when quantifying infiltration.


Studies on the endogenous hormones and rooting induction in plantlet of sugarcane subculture were reported in this paper. It was showed that IAA, CTK and GA 1+3 of sugarcane plantlet had an accumulative effect in subculture, the IAA accumulated slower than CTK and GA 1+3 , moreover, the CTK and GA 1+3 accumulated quickly in the 9 th generation of subculture. But the rooting rate reduced in the 9 th generation of subculture. The shortened and clustered buds can't be induced to generate root in the 10 th subculture. The content of IAA, CTK and GA 1+3 in plantlet is significantly correlative with rooting rate.


The movement of freight on railroads is subject to a number of technological characteristics that make costing of specific traffic a complex process. Among these restrictions are conditions of joint production, economies of scale, scope, and density, and a lack of data on specific expenditures related to individual freight movements.

In this paper, an econometric cost model using publicly available data and methodology is developed for the examination of average and marginal costs in the industry. The model is decomposed into individual elasticity estimates for operating parameters to examine economies of scope. Finally, the size of the firm is varied through multiplying the capital stock measurements and estimating the cost behavior as firm capital stock is varied between one-quarter and two times the level of 2005.

Results indicate that the railroad industry has effectively exhausted the possible economies of scale but can still gain from economies of density and scope. In addition, there appears to be little economic justification for mergers creating transcontinental railroad systems.


With the development of non-governmental higher education, scientific research begins to get attention. However, most research work in non-governmental vocational colleges are just at the initial stage or even not so,which shows several features,such as the insufficiency of assumption topics,funds of scientific research and published achievements,inadequacy in research system,research facilities and weakness of research strength. The reasons are caused by lots of aspects,mainly because of the inadequate attention from government and schools themselves, inaccurate position, the current limitation in human management, appraisal, salary system,and unreasonable teaching structure, which is actually a comprehensive factor. We are to reform and regulate starting from government,schools and teaching staff in order to improve the ability for scientific research and the academic level in non-governmental higher vocational colleges.


A novel fluorescent receptor was synthesized and characterized by ~1H NMR,MS,IR and Element Analysis. The binding properties for anions were studied by fluorescent titration method. The results show that the fluorescent receptor has a high selectivity and fluorescence responsibility to AcO~-. (It's) binding abilities to several anions follow the order: AcO~-p-NO_2C_6H_4OPO~(2-)_3,H_2PO~-_4Cl~-.


Ashwin Jadeja, Research Scholar, Mewar University, Rajasthan, India ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: The aim of this study was detect out the effect of gender and age on ethnocentric tendencies of Indian consumers. For that, we have used CETSCALE. Before the CETSCALE can be applied as a criterion of consumer ethnocentrism in an Indian context, it is necessary to evaluate its reliability. This study concludes that gender does not have any impact on ethnocentric tendency of Indian Consumer. In the age and ethnocentrism tendency shows the same relationship which is stated in the literature. As an Indian consumer gets older, he/she becomes more ethnocentric.


Purpose: The purpose with this paper is to investigate if the inverted yield curve was a good predictor of the financial crisis and the following U.S recession and, if this is the case, which yield spread had highest level of significance.
Methodology: The methodology is a quantitative study with a simple linear regression model based on econometric theory.
Theory: The theoretical framework is built on hypothesis about the curvature of the yield curve and general causes of interest rates.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this thesis is that the slope of the yield curve is significant predictor of future GDP growth.


This essay aims to gain a deeper understanding for the beliefs and identity of the sami people in Sapmi, northern Scandinavia through observation of their material culture. More specifically the o ...


As an introduction of the topic a historical reference to the water defence in the Netherlands will be described, that explains the origin of the Dutch dikes and the different ways that problems have been solved in the past. Second to that the distinction between Sea dikes that are exposed both to high tides and waves and River dikes that are mainly exposed to flood levels, that accompany the seasonal periods of abundant rain in the hinterland, will be put forward. Thirdly some of the limit states that are related to the soil stratigraphy and the groundwater conditions will be discussed in more detail; such as the vulnerability of the dike to overtopping, the uplift of the land behind the dike due to buoyancy and the relation between buoyancy and piping. In addition to that, dike construction is explained considering some of the peculiarities of soil behaviour; i.e. the dependency of the foundation bearing capacity to drainage; making distinction between short term undrained behaviour and long term drained conditions. The influence of consolidation and dissipation of excess pore pressures is explained, leading to customary methods of staged construction for dike reinforcement works. Finally some new developments in the field of dike safety will be described such as the introduction of structural elements, e.g. sheet piles, in order to save residences in inhabited areas if there is too limited space for conventional solutions.


Promoting the mental health and well-being of adolescents has increasingly become a priority for legislation in the UK. The Special Educational Needs and Disability (SEND) Code of Practice (DfE, 2015) highlights the increasing responsibility professionals have for supporting and promoting pupils' social, emotional and mental health (SEMH) needs, a role which is especially pertinent for schools. However, there is a lack of current research exploring how school staff view promoting and supporting pupils' emotional well-being. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken in one mainstream secondary school to gather the views of six school staff on their experiences and views of supporting pupils' emotional well-being. The aim of the study was to explore and explain the contexts and mechanisms which facilitate or hinder how staff promote and support children and young people's mental health and well-being. The data was analysed by use of a grounded theory methodology. The theory emerging from the data suggests that school staff believe that by having a structured, clear approach to supporting and promoting emotional well-being the school is able to become a safe space in an ever-demanding society. The overarching theory is labelled 'providing containment – school as a safe place'. The findings are discussed in relation to existing literature and research. Implications for secondary schools and Educational Psychologists are discussed.


Gas turbines are capable to utlize variety of fuel including natural gas, fuel oils and synthetic gas. It has environmental advantages and thus gas turbines are favourable in the power generating industries. The use of synthetic gas or syngas may reduce the CO2 and NOx emissions. The efficiency of syngas is comparable with natural gas. With the current constrain on the environmental issues, the use of syngas in gas turbines has been increasing. Despite its many advantages, the study on the combustion characteristics still remains a challenge, due to its variety fuel components. This paper aims to discuss the CFD analysis on the flame and flue gas temperature distribution in a full scale microgas turbine operating on syngas. Three cases were simulated with variety of natural gas concentration. A base case firing natural gas (100% methane) was first established using actual operation. Validation on the combustion model is made by comparing the flame temperature distribution of methane with reasonable accuracy. Simulation results with syngas show similar flame temperature distribution as natural gas combustion. The average temperature is much dependent on the composition of methane in syngas. The highest temperature given by syngas is made from the highest methane composiotion.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to two a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device luminescence conversion element is provided directly on the semiconductor body (1). Applying a layer suspension containing the fixing agent and at least one phosphor (5) (4) the semiconductor body (1) in the first method. The solvent is evaporated in the next step, only phosphor (5) remains on the semiconductor body with a fixing agent. In the second method the fixing agent layer on the semiconductor body (1) to (6) provided, providing a phosphor (5) directly onto this.


Higher vocational education,different from the subject-centered undergraduate education,has its own particularity and professional characteristics. Guided by the Scientific Concept of Development,this paper,taking the higher vocational education in SWPU as an example,introduces the present problems in higher vocational education and the feasibility of developing such education. Then,it proposes that the "ability-quality"development should be the core of the higher vocational education. Besides,this paper, through theoretical and policy studies, aims to establish training mechanism and reform training models in higher vocational college.


{PG,1 A new and distinct tropical indoor variety of Aralia distinguished by its light green leathery leaves which have a silver white margin completely around the tri-pinnately lobed leaf outline, by its more self-branching and compact growth habit, and by its more abundant densely growing foliage.


A new technique for pretreatment of coking wastewater is introduced based on the concept of circular economy. Coal is fed into a coking system after adsorption. This study validates the feasibility of using coking coal to adsorb organic pollutants in coking wastewater. The sorption kinetics and equilibrium sorption isotherms of coking coal for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol from coking wastewater was also discussed in this paper. Gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) was used to detect changes in the quality of coking wastewater. The results showed that when coking coal dosage was 120 g/dm 3 , 65% of COD and 34% of phenol in waste water can be removed after 40 min of agitation. The surface functional groups of coking coal before and after adsorption were observed with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The kinetics of COD and phenol adsorption from coking wastewater by coking coal fitted the pseudo second-order model. The adsorption process of coking coal can be classified into two categories, namely, rapid and slow. The Freundlich isotherm provided a better fit with all adsorption isotherms than the Langmuir isotherm. Coking coal could be a suitable low-cost adsorbent for recalcitrant organic pollutants.


Functions with low differential uniformity have important applications in cryptography, coding theory, and sequence design. The differential spectrum of a cryptographic function is of great interest for estimating its resistance to some variants of differential cryptanalysis. Finding power permutations (i.e., monomial bijective mappings) over finite fields with low differential uniformity and determining their differential spectra have received a lot of attention over the past two decades. The objective of this paper is to study the differential properties of the well-known Kasami power permutations <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x^{p^{2k}-p^{k}+1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {\mathrm {GF}}(p^{n})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is an odd prime and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is an integer with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gcd (n,k)=1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. It turns out that this family of monomials is differentially <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(p+1)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-uniform. Our result in the case of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p=3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gives an affirmative solution to a recent conjecture by Xu, Cao, and Xu. Most notably, the differential spectrum of this family of power permutations is completely determined.


There is interest among public health researchers to predict the factors that lead to early onset alcohol. Objective: To establish an explanatory model for the early initiation into cannabis use. Methodology: A multivariate logistic regression model was performed. A sample of 538 college students was taken. Two questionnaires "ad hoc" (social and family traditions and advertising) the AUDIT, and a questionnaire Expectations and other beliefs about alcohol were used as instruments. Results: The model indicates that expectations found as " men can have orgasms more easily if they have taken " ; " Taking makes it easier to act impulsively or make decisions faster " ; beliefs related to " alcohol gives me more power or increase my sexual desire ", " the end of the semester can t miss a good celebration with drink " and family traditions like drinking habit in the family and give the usual try some kind of alcoholic beverage for small children, fail to explain 33% of the variability of the probability of early onset of alcohol use. Conclusion: Early initiation of alcohol consumption is associated with some socio-cultural aspects, beliefs and favorable consumer expectations of this substance . ----------


Pneumatic conveying is the transportation of bulk solids in enclosed pipelines via a carrier gas, typically air.  The local flow pattern in a pipeline is a function of the conditions, and slug flow can form under certain conditions. Slug flow is a naturally occurring, wave-like flow where the bulk material travels along the pipeline in distinct `slugs'.  Establishing the environment for the formation of slugs within the conveying system is essential to maximise the overall system efficiency and minimise damage to the bulk material.  MISG2021 considered a wide range of mathematical approaches to slug formation and travel. These two key problem areas have the most significant potential to impact the system design and efficiency.  Critical interconnected facets of pneumatic conveying systems were investigated and an overview for future work was developed.  Many of the avenues uncovered during the MISG2021 require more time for in-depth analysis. This analysis and framework will aid in optimising conveying system design and provide insight to construct more efficient pneumatic conveying systems.


The increased sensitivity of high sensitivity cardiac troponin assays comes at a cost of decreased specificity, and "false positive" diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes has made clinicians wary of their use, fearing unnecessary hospitalisations, angiography and revascularisation. The Ethics and Guidelines Standing Committee of SA Heart Association convened a meeting of cardiologists, chemical pathologists, emergency medicine specialists and industry representatives to discuss the role of high sensitivity troponin (hsTn) testing. An international expert provided guidance, and this Consensus Statement is the product of that meeting. It is recommended that hsTn assays be widely adopted as the preferred biomarker for diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Pathology laboratories will standardise the units of measurement and the reporting of results. Rules for interpretation of results and algorithms for their application are provided. Separate algorithms apply to troponin T and troponin I, and the several troponin I assays on the market each have different numerical values. Use of high sensitivity troponin assays will result in earlier diagnosis of myocardial infarction, more reliable ruling out of myocardial infarction, and shortening of chest pain triage (to 4 hours), compared to former assays.


Received: 10 January 2020 Accepted: 9 April 2020 The bit error induced by the chaotic noise is a serious problem among weak harmonic signal detection methods for wireless network environment. To solve the problem, this paper puts forward a weak harmonic signal detection method for network environment with chaotic noise. Firstly, the real-time transmission signal was collected from the wireless network, and the noise signal was extracted and suppressed in the light of the chaotic features of the signal. In this way, the detection accuracy of weak harmonic signal will not be affected by the noise signal. Then, the detection amplitude and frequency were determined according to the effective values of harmonic components and harmonic frequency, facilitating the detection of weak harmonic signal. Experimental results show that our method outputted a lower bit error rate (BER) than existing methods in weak harmonic signal detection, and outperformed the contrastive methods in reliability and performance.


Cadastre is a set of activity registering diverse land information in national scope land management works. A nation examine land information and register it in a cadastral book, and must update data when necessary to properly maintain the information. Currently, local governments execute work about parcels of land alternation by manual work based on KLIS road map. Therefore, it takes too much time-consuming and makes problem as missing lots of parcels of land alternation. This study suggests the method selecting the parcels of land alteration for Jinan-Gun of Jeollabuk-Do using the GIS spatial overlay and the following results are as belows. Firstly, the manual work on the parcels of land alteration was greatly improved through automatically extracting the number and area of parcels according to the land classification and ownership by GIS spatial overlay based on serial cadastral maps and KLIS road lines. Secondly, existing work based on KLIS road lines could be advanced by analyzing the parcels of land alternation using the actual-width of the road from new address system to consider all road area for study site. Lastly, this study can supply efficient information in determining the parcels of land alternation consistant with road condition of local governments by analyzing the number and area of parcels according to the land classification and ownership within various roadsides ranging from 3m, 5m, and 10m by GIS buffering method.


Engaged employees are the most sought-after resources in organizations across the globe. Efforts have been made by academicians and management consultants to help organizations to understand the dynamics of employeeengagement. Both employer and employee have an active role to play in cultivating engagement. The aim of this paper is to assess employee engagement based on age of the respondents. The study was conducted among workingemployees in various IT companies situated in Chennai. It was observed that age of the employees is playing a vital role in employee engagement.


Numerical simulations of moist flows over simply shaped, three‐dimensional mountains were undertaken using a mesoscale meteorological model, with the purpose of examining the existence of different flow regimes near obstacles and the transitions among them. Moving the system in parameter space resulted in different solutions for a particular set of parameters. This method was adopted to explore numerically 'multiple regimes', stable for at least meteorologically interesting time periods. The evolution of the flow was studied in two different experimental set‐ups. In the first case, the height of the obstacle was progressively changed over time. In the second case, the effect of an advective change of the humidity content inside the channel was analysed. In both experiments, a dependence on the history of the flow became apparent.


A new fluorine-containing diamine,4,4′-bis(3-amino-5-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl biphenyl(TFMDA) was synthesized by nitro-substituted reaction.A polyimide(PI-F) was synthesized from TFMDA and an aromatic dianhydride,2,3,3′,4′-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride(a-BPDA) by one-step high temperature polycondensation procedure.The polyimide shows good solubility in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone(NMP),N,N-′dimethyl-acetamide(DMAc),cyclopentanone,and tetrahydrofuran.PI-F film has good thermal stability with the initial decomposition temperature of 474 ℃.Furthermore,PI-F film exhibits good transparency in the visible light region and the transparency at 450 nm is higher than 80 %.


objective The vascular effects of fluctuations in testosterone levels within the physiological range in otherwise healthy men are not known. We therefore aimed to study arterial function in hypogonadal men receiving long‐term physiological androgen replacement therapy, at trough and peak testosterone levels.


Surface charged iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were used for the synthesis of sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN)-Fe3O4 nanocomposites (SPAN/Fe3O4-NCs). 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid (DABSA) and 2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (ABSA) were independently polymerized with aniline to form SPAN. The structure of the composites was characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, conductivity and magnetic properties. TEM reveals that Fe3O4 nanoparticles are "glued" with SPAN in the composite. TGA indicates that SPAN/Fe3O4-NCs are having better thermal stability. The room temperature conductivity of SPAN/Fe3O4-NCs is higher than that of pristine PANI and SPAN. SPAN/Fe3O4-NCs exhibits magnetic behavior. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 4127–4134, 2007


The position paper highlights the range of concerns that are engulfed in the injunction of explainable artificial intelligence in art (XAIxArt). Through a series of quick sub-questions, it points towards the ambiguities concerning 'explanation' and the postpositivist tradition of 'relevant explanation'. Rejecting both 'explanation' and 'relevant explanation', the paper takes a stance that XAIxArt is a symptom of insecurity of the anthropocentric notion of art and a nostalgic desire to return to outmoded notions of authorship and human agency. To justify this stance, the paper makes a distinction between an ornamentation model of explanation to a model of explanation as sense-making.


Based on the systematic experimental research on the design of the mix rate of the tailings sand concrete,the preparation differences between the concrete of natural sand and tailings sand concrete were explored on the same conditions.The result shows that the regression coeffi-cient in The Design Regulation on the Mix Rate of the Common Concrete dosen't fit the design of the tailing concrete.When the tailing concrete is preparing with the same quantity of water and the same W/C,the rate of sand is 2% higher totally than that of natural sand and stone concrete.When the tailing concrete shows the same fluidity,the rate of the mixed superplasticizer is about 0.2% higher than that of the natural sand and stone concrete on the same condition.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship among service quality, customer satisfaction, long-term orientation, and intention to recommend and examine the importance of having long-term orientation in sports tourism experience programs. The study selected eight places to sell sports tourism experience products, located in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, including horse riding, ATV, hang gliding, shooting, yacht, canoe, and eco-sports. After a questionnaire survey for six months, the following conclusions were drawn. First, physical experience and perceived result quality had a positive(+) effect on customer satisfaction in sports tourism experience products. Second, customer satisfaction had a positive(+) effect on long-term orientation and intention to recommend in sports tourism experience products. Third, customers' long-term orientation had a positive(+) effect on intention to recommend. Moreover, it was found that long-term orientation played an important role as a mediating variable connecting customer satisfaction and intention to recommend. In conclusion, consumers purchasing sports tourism experience products showed sequential causal relation of service quality-customer satisfaction-long-term orientation-intention to recommend. Also, long-term orientation played an important role as a mediating variable connecting customer satisfaction and recommendation intention. Sports tourism experience products suppliers should realize the importance of customers' long-term orientation and invest greatly in hardwares, various program development, and members' education.