Social-media platforms have become increasingly popular and important in daily life, and their use may affect students' learning satisfaction. The aim of this study was to determine whether social media enhance or detract from students' learning satisfaction by analysing the relationships between learners' social media usage behaviour, purpose in using social media, collaborative learning, and learning satisfaction. The research question was as follows: do social media enhance students' learning satisfaction? A questionnaire survey was administered to 204 university students. Social media usage behaviour (β = .128, p < .05) and academic purpose (β = .667, p < .001) were found to be directly, significantly, and positively related to collaborative learning (β = .763, p < .001), which in turn had a significant and direct positive effect on students' learning satisfaction (R2 = .582). The roles of social-media behaviour, purpose in using social media, and collaborative learning towards satisfaction were discussed.


Lock-free objects offer significant performance and reliability benefits over conventional lock-based counterparts. However, the problem of efficient and portable memory reclamation poses an obstacle to their practical use in non garbagecollected environments. This paper builds on hazard pointers, an efficient memory management methodology proposed by Michael M. Maged that allows memory reclamation for arbitary re-use. It extends the methodology to allow for its effective deployment even on unreliable or crash-prone systems. The extended methodology is as efficient or better than the original in most respects: it takes constant expected amortized time per retired node; it does not require the use of strong double-width or multi-address atomic primitives; it uses only single-word memory reads and writes for its core operations, and requires only widely available singleword atomic primitives for converting any lock-free algorithm; it requires no scheduler or kernel support; compared to the original, it guarantees better bounds on the number of nodes that are never reclaimed, and it places weaker restrictions on memory usage and the selection of tunable algorithm parameters.


The Horn of Africa, comprising Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan and Somalia, is the most conflict-ridden region in Africa. This book explores the origins and impact of these conflicts at both an ...


This paper describes the processes of preparing solutions of binary vitreous semiconductor materials As2X3 (X = S, Se) and fabricating thin films based on them by spin coating. The initial materials are synthesized using semiconductor purity grade solvents by the direct synthesis in pre-vacuumed quartz vials at a maximum temperature of 750oС and identified by the authors as glass. The obtained amorphous thin films are proven to have an island morphology. The thickness of the As2S3 film can vary in the range of 200 nm (at an average roughness of 0.7 nm) to 2.5 μm (at an average roughness of 100 nm). The thickness of the As2Se3 film can vary in the range of 200 nm (at an average roughness of 8 nm) to 3 μm (at an average roughness of 200 nm). The optical characteristics of thin films are also studied, in particular optical transmission in the visible spectrum. The band gap of the obtained films is determined by employing a Tauc plot. The findings of the experiment are compared with the literature data.


Abstract:Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is the treatment of choice for most ureteric calculi, with a success rate of 90% to 98% and a generally low risk of complications. Radionuclide imaging may occasionally reveal unsuspected renal obstruction or functional impairment after ESWL. The author


Abstract A new geophilomorph centipede, Geophilus hadesi sp. n., is described from caves in the Velebit Mountain, central Croatia. Together with Geophilus persephones Foddai & Minelli, 1999, described from Pierre Saint-Martin cave in France, they are the only two remarkably troglomorphic geophilomorphs hitherto known. The new species apparently belongs to a group of Geophilus species inhabiting mainly Western and Southern Europe, with a uniquely modified pretarsus in the second maxillae. Geophilus hadesi sp. n. shows unusual traits, some of which commonly found in troglobitic arthropods, including exceptionally elongated antennae, trunk segments and leg claws. The species is described upon specimens found in two caves at a depth below -250 m. Another two specimens apparently belonging to the same species have been recorded in another deep vertical cave at -980 m and -1100 m. The latter represents the world's deepest record of Chilopoda as a whole.


Social networks have changed the way people com-municate, their interaction, and the ability to create and share in-formation with the rest of the world, becoming a daily occurrence. It was claimed that revolutionsin some countries were initiated by the social media. Additionally, many other claims stated that a single or few posts have changed people lives. It is not clear how truthful those claims are. This research is concerned about determining the influence level of the social media text posts on users' decision making. A set of five digital social experiments were designed to answer the research main question. This paper showed the first experiment setup and implementation with the results. It was found the choosing the right words in the digital social media matters. It can effect users' decisions and change their usual behavior. The rest of the experiments are still in progress.


In this paper we review the main intermediate forms proposed in text mining, and we brie∞y study some fuzzy counterparts. The concept of intermediate form applies to any knowledge representation employed to represent in a structured way the semantic content of a text corpus. Intermediate forms play a central role in the text mining process since it is necessary to transform plain text into a form in order to apply mining techniques. Since the semantics of text use to be imprecise, the use of fuzzy intermediate forms seems to be a natural solution in many cases. We discuss about fuzzy intermediate forms and the corresponding fuzzy text mining techniques that may be applicable on them.


【Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the latest trends of korean Medicine treatments on traffic accident for recent 5 years. Methods : We investigated the studies on korean Medicine treatments for traffic accident via searching 6 Korean web databases. As a result, 65 research papers were found to be analyzed according to their published year, the titles of journals, the types of study, the number of cases, the sites of injury, the types of treatments the instruments for assessment and ethics approvals. Results : 65 articles were published since 2008. The studies on korean Medicine treatments about traffic accident were mainly published in Journal of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine. 10 case studies, 14 case series, 11 non randomized controlled trials, 21 randomized controlled trials and 9 systemic reviews had been under research. The most frequently occurred symptoms were neck pain and low back pain. In most studies, various korean Medicine treatments were used to treat the symptoms. Visual analogue scale(VAS) and neck disability index(NDI) were used as primary assessments. In most clinical studies, there were no mention about approval of institutional review board(IRB). Conclusion : In this study, we analyzed the trends of korean Medicine treatments on traffic accident from 2008 to 2012. Reviewing the domestic trends of studies on korean Medicine treatments for traffic accident and examining the strong and weak points of those treatments are essential for the future studies. It is needed to adopt the qualitative methods of evaluation in order to develop a level of evidence.】


This article examines the role of dreams in the life of the Tibetan Buddhist master Jetsun Drakpa Gyaltsen (1147–1216). Focusing on The Lord's Dreams (Rje btsun pa'i mnal lam), Drakpa Gyaltsen's only autobiographical text, along with the first biography of him written by his influential nephew Sakya Paṇḍita Kunga Gyaltsen (1182–1251), this paper explores the work of dreams in negotiating issues of identity and mortality. It argues that dreams were important sources of knowledge about the past, the future, and the dead in this context, creating intermediate spaces in which access to these times and individuals became possible.


Technology has transformed the manner whereby users and organizations conduct their daily activities facilitating high levels of convenience for both users and organizations alike. Unfortunately, many users and organizations are oblivious that the convenience and accessibility of technology may come at a detrimental expense to their privacy. The collection and dissemination of user's privacy can manifest in identity theft and financial deception for users. For organizations, trust, reputation, and loyalty are compromised if personal information of users is mismanaged. A highly publicized data breach may not only yield regulatory penalties but may trigger lawsuits or generate destructive publicity that can compromise a promising business. This study aspires to propagate information privacy protection awareness for users and organizations by means of documenting the essential factors of information privacy protection awareness in terms of the rationale for information privacy protection, privacy environment, information privacy protection measures/program, responsibility for information privacy protection, and consequences of a privacy breach. The objective of this exercise is to develop a theoretical base for the development of an information privacy protection awareness initiative and to illustrate that both users and organizations despite having different approaches to information privacy protection should assume full responsibility thereof to evade the impact of a privacy breach.


At 41 preparations of large intestine man by morfological methods has been conducted the stady of its structure with definition of connective tissued and plain musculation elements of organ wall.The collection of material was carried out at forencis medicine examination at persons have been lost from acute trauma at the age from 21 to 35 yers old. It was estabilished the intercommunication between the form of large intestine and guantity parametrs of connective tissued frame and nonstriated musculation of its wall. Thus for «Л»-form of organ it is typical muscularelastic type of structure, for «M»-form-stromal. For «П»form of large intestine is typical intermediate versionof structure. The revealed changes may be used in thecapacity of prognostic criterions at patients with chronic large intestine stasis.


The performance of 240 European quail for meat was evaluated using different levels of feather meal in the diet. The experiment was conducted with a totally randomized design, consisting of four treatments (0, 3, 6, and 9% of feather meal), five repetitions and twelve animals per experimental unit. Results show that, feather meal can be utilized in the quail for meat diet, except in a period of 1 to 7 days, up to 9%, without significant negative effects on the performance of the animals. However, as the inclusion of feather flour in the diet increased, a reduction in the consumption of feed and in the thigh yield were observed, as well as an increase in back + wing yield.


This research is motivated that in institutions engaged in the health sector, in this organization human resources are very important in achieving the goals and success of the agency. This study aims to determine the influence of work discipline and work stress on employee performance. This study used quantitative methods. The sampling technique uses Nonprobability Sampling with a saturated sampling method of 47 employees. Testing in this study using SPSS software program version 25.0. The analysis techniques used are validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, t test, F test and determination coefficient test. The results of this study show that  partially the variable of work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a calculated tvalue of  3.059>ttable 2.01537 with a signification value of 0.004<0.05 and partially the variable of work stress has a positive and significant effect with  a calculated tvalue of  2.468>ttable  2.01537 with a signification value of 0.018<0.05, simultaneously the variables of work discipline and work stress have a positive and significant effect on employee performance  with a calculated Fvalue of  8.265>Ftable 3.21 with a signification value of 0.001<0.05.


Aggregating data within the network is an important aspect of sensor network to conserve energy and enhance the network life time in wireless sensor network. This article provides a review of the existing literature on in-network data aggregation using tree based approach in wireless sensor networks. The merits and demerits of each protocol are discussed. Protocols which carry out data aggregation and have tree structure to avoid duplicates are studied here. A comparison of various ways to save energy in these protocols is covered.


In this study, we present a static finite element study of reinforced concrete beam reinforced by steel fibers and by fiber reinforced–polymer composites subjected to a load of 500 kN. Preliminary results in term of simulation using a codeprogram (Abaqus) are presented. The material model was simulated in Abaqus finite element package and is capable of developing the stress-strain curves. The beam was loaded in three-points. The mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), steel and the concrete used in our simulation are obtained from the data of the literature. The results obtained in terms of constraints and displacements are discussed. By this work, we contribute to more understanding the comportment of stress and strain law using numerical study. The main goal is to predict what extent a reinforced concrete structure can resist in the elastic mode.


It is significant to have comparative studies of the marriage and family law of China Mainland and Hong Kong. The legislative and judicial practice on separation in Hong Kong's marriage and family law is referential. While expatiating on the Hong Kong's legal practice on separation, this paper firstly analyzes the function of the separation from the angle of particularity of the marital relationship, and then tries to make some suggestions on establishing separation in China mainland's law.


GloSea5, a seasonal forecast system of the UK Met Office, shows reasonable skill among state-of-the-art operational seasonal forecast systems. However, the average surface temperature (T2m) in winter (December–February) of GloSea5 is particularly low in East Asia. To improve the seasonal forecast skill over East Asia, we focused on the high skill score of global teleconnection patterns simulated by GloSea5. Among the well-predicted teleconnection patterns, we selected those highly correlated with the East Asian T2m: East Atlantic (EA), Polar/Eurasia (PE), East Atlantic/Western Russia (EAWR), and West Pacific (WP) patterns. A multiple linear regression model was constructed using the selected teleconnection indices as predictors. These results are promising. The statistical skill-score evaluation of the constructed linear regression model using the anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean-squared skill score (MSSS) showed an improvement in the predicted T2m of East Asia, where the values of ACC and MSSS increased by 0.25 and 0.37, respectively, and the RMSE decreased by 0.63 compared to the dynamic forecast model results. These results suggest that a well-designed combined statistical and dynamical approach for seasonal prediction can be beneficial for some regions where the predictability of the dynamic model exhibits a low value.


A theoretic study about a 170% conversion efficiency enhancement of cascade ξ<sup>(2)</sup> SIIG+DFG interactions by using a c h i period quasi-phase-matched waveguide.


A large community-based oncology practice developed a pilot project to enhance staff and patient awareness of the benefits of palliative care, advance care planning, and earlier intervention with patients with advancing disease. The results were ongoing implementation of palliative care conferences at all sites, greater numbers of referral to hospice, lessened chemotherapy given in the last 2 weeks of life, and the hiring of two social workers as a result of needs identified. Staff reported greater satisfaction with interprofessional communication.


One of the most important concerns about the big data applications is privacy, because users share more personal data and content through their social networking sites and clouds. The security and privacy risks and developing efficient and effective frame works are critical for its success; hence a secure framework such as data centric security is the hot research areas. The Attribute based encryption would be a convenient mechanism to implement data centric security. As the Big data applications require more server computational power, in this paper we propose a novel approach to use FPGA based data centers for implementing both data acceleration which would increase the server computational ability and security mechanisms to achieve data centric security.


On the exploitation fields in the northern part of the Adriatic, located just along the border between Croatia and Italy, there are 19 producing and one compressor platforms, with 52 production wells on several gas fields. According to published data and INA technical documentation, the dynamics of gas production in certain fields are planned until 2025. Assuming the total amount of fluid produced on individual wells, the anticipated drop in pressure in the reservoir is also calculated. Based on these data, a typical horizontal well on the Ika gas field was selected to set the entire production model of the well in the Prosper program. The model will be based on the appropriate input data to determine the borehole production potential, including the dynamic pressure calculation at the bottom of the well, regarding the setting of the IPR curve, as well as the calculation of the pressure drop in the tubing. This is a modeled solution point of the production system, which corresponds to optimal production conditions. The paper compares the results obtained utilizing individual fluid flow models from the wells in the horizontal borehole used in the Prosper program and outlines the key theoretical properties of these models.


To investigate the existence, magnitude and interplay of rhythmic 24-hour variations in human functions, maximal O2 uptake (VO2max), resting heart rate (ƒH), body temperature (Tb) and rated perceived exertion (RPE) during exercise were measured twice every 2hours over a full day-night cycle. Thirty-one subjects were randomly administered a treadmill test on 24 separate occasions, 48 hours apart. RPE was observed at heart rates of 130, 150 and 170beats/min. Resting T b, and/H were lower (p< 005) in the morning than afternoon or evening. Measurement of [Vdot]O2 max revealed no significant differences throughout 24 hours. RPE was higher (p< 0-05)at 130, 150 and 170HR at 02.00 and 04.00hours than at 20.00, 22.00 and 24.00 hours. T b and ƒH were apparently in phase.and show a sine wave pattern when expressed on a 24-hour scale. These data demonstrate the significance of the circadian variation for the application of functional tests.


In this paper, we study downward sets and increasing functions in a topological vector space and their similarities to the convex sets and convex functions. It will be shown that a very special increasing function, namely, the p-function, can give a geometric interpretation for separating downward sets from outside points. Also, this function can be used to approximate topical functions in the framework of abstract convexity.


I express my sincere thanks to all the esteemed members of Agricultural Economics Research Association-India (AERA) for electing me the President of 2015 Conference. I am so fortunate to have continuous encouragement, motivation and support from all the members in shaping my professional journey. I consider myself so fortunate to serve the Association in different capacities and got overwhelming support from all the members, colleagues and my seniors. I feel proud that I am associated with AERA since its formation, and got wonderful opportunity to work with all the past presidents, namely Dr A S Sirohi, Dr V Rajagopalan, Dr Dayanatha Jha, Dr S S Acharya, Dr Mruthyunjaya and presently Dr P G Chengappa. I salute Dr Praduman Kumar for his untiring and concerted efforts for nurturing and strengthening the Association, and making it a large family of professionals and students in agricultural economics.


It is deemed critical to an understanding of the influence of the media, TV in particular, that we examine the functions of behaviors classed as fantasy activities. A major dimension of importance to such understanding is the extent to which fantasy is construed as a reality experience. Results of an experimental test with children in a controlled viewing situation support the hypothesis that a reality set may stimulate an aggressive behavior response, while a fantasy set reduces it over that of a no-TV control group. Factor analysis of field study data reveals systematic differences in subjects' preferences for particular classes of aggressive programs, reinforcing the view that the issues in this area are multifaceted and multivariate. Five mechanisms by which a fantasy experience can produce a diminution in aggression are discussed, and it is suggested that analysis and study of these factors is a necessary next step.


This paper generalizes the concept of rough membership functions in pattern classification tasks to rough-fuzzy membership functions. Unlike the rough membership value of a pattern, which is sensitive only towards the rough uncertainty associated with the pattern, the rough-fuzzy membership value of the pattern signifies the rough uncertainty as well as the fuzzy uncertainty associated with the pattern. In this paper, various set theoretic properties of the rough-fuzzy membership functions are exploited to characterize the concept of rough-fuzzy sets and to measure the rough-fuzzy ambiguity associated with a given output class. Finally, a few possible applications of the rough-fuzzy membership functions are mentioned.


The biometric system is used to identify a person depending on his physiological or behavioral characteristics. Signature verification is a commonly accepted biometric method and is widely used for banking transactions. In this paper, we propose Offline Signature Authentication using Cross-validated Graph Matching (OSACGM) algorithm. The signatures are pre-processed in which signature extraction method is used to obtain high resolution for smaller normalization box. The similarity measure between two signatures in the database is determined by (i) constructing a bipartite graph G, (ii) obtaining complete matching in G and (iii) finding minimum Euclidean distance by Hungarian method. An optimum decision threshold value is determined using Cross-validation technique to select reference signatures. The test feature is extracted from the given test signature by pre-processing. Then the test feature is compared with the threshold value to authenticate the test signature. Compared to the existing algorithm, our algorithm gives better Equal Error Rate (EER) for skilled and random forgeries.


Objective To investigate the effect of pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation on recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) and recurrent bacterial vaginosis (RBV). Methods Between January 2014 and July 2015, 121 cases of RVVC and RBV were selected, and the patients were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. For the control group of RVVC: miconazole suppository and vaginal delivery were utilized in every patient, 1 piece per night, the period of treatment was 7 to 14 days; oral intake of fluconazole was used again after 72 hours. Clotrimazole suppository or fluconazole was still chosen for the maintenance treatment: (1) 1 piece per week and lasted 6 months for every case; (2) 400 mg of itraconazole was used, 1 time every month or 100 mg was used once a week, the period of treatment lasted for 6 months. RBV: oralintake of metronidazole or clindamycin was chosen. One piece of metronidazole suppository by vaginal utilization was still needed per night, or 2% clindamycin ointment was used by inunction for 7 days. Experimental group: pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation. Results Before rehabilitation treatment, there were 4 cases with level 4 or 5 of type I muscle strength and 8 cases level 4 or 5 of type II muscle strength. After the treatment, there were 59 cases with level 4 or 5 of type I muscle, and 60 cases with level 4 or 5 of type II muscle (P<0.001). There were no statistical differences on the treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse. Before the treatment, the number of anterior vaginal wall prolapse was 53 cases, the number was 49 cases after treatment (P=0.328). Before treatment, the number of posterior vaginal wall prolapse was 25 cases, the number was11 cases after treatment (P=0.005). The number of Uterine prolapse was 14 cases, the number was 2 cases after treatment (P=0.002). Compared with the group with drug treatment, the rate of relapse in vaginitis was decreased significantly after pelvic floor rehabilitation within 1 year, 61 patients with vaginitis, there were only 2 cases of recurrences were observed after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Pelvic floor rehabilitation treatment could improve the pelvic floor function significantly, and also get significant recovery of sagging and prolapse in vagina which was injured by pregnancy and childbirth. Compared with the drug treatment group, the rate of relapse in RVVC and RBV was decreased significantly after pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation.


To safely apply carbendazim on postharvest citrus,banana and mango,the fruits were dipped in solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 1 min,and carbendazim residue in pulp were determined by optimized method during storage.Residues of carbendazim increased at first and then decreased along with storage.Residues in the fruits treated with thin carbendazim solution were significantly less than those treated with thick carbendazim solution.Residues reached highestlevel at 9th day after treatment with 1 000 mg/L carbendazim solution,which were respectively 0.288 0 mg/kg(citrus),0.473 1 mg/kg(banana) and 0.488 4 mg/kg(mango),all below the maximum residue limits(0.5 mg/kg) established by China and showing no obvious negative effect on safety quality of citrus,banana and mango.


The yellow rice stem borer ( Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) is a major pests on rice. Light traps have been used for monitoring and controlling S. incertulas with white and ultraviolet color light sources. The purpose of this research was to invent trap which uses an effective color that attracts S. incertulas . This research begins by sampling female S. incertulas pre-oviposition from the field then tested in the laboratory. The experiment was designed with factorial randomized block design with light colors and light intencity as factors. Light-emitting diodes used in this research, consisted of normal red, normal yellow, normal green, superbright red, superbright yellow, superbright green, superbright blue, UV, and white. LED white, UV, and superbright blue were attractive colors to S. incertulas when exposure time was 15 minutes. Effective light intencity to attract S. incertulas was 1000 lux.


Let G be a finite nilpotent group. We prove the following results. (1) If G is of class 2 and acts faithfully and irreducibly on an elementary abelian group V, then all nontrivial orbits of G on V have sizes larger than [Formula: see text]. (2) If G' is cyclic, then every subgroup of G intersecting trivially with the center of G has order less than [Formula: see text]. We also show that a result like (2) cannot be obtained when the hypothesis that G' is cyclic is replaced by the hypothesis that the center of G is cyclic.


Annedal is a brand new neighborhood in the Bromma part of Stockholm. The neighborhood construction has now reached its halfway point. When finished, 5000 people are estimated to live in Annedal. Th ...


In this article, we adopt a practice perspective to conceptualize the temporal experience of professionals in service firms through the notion of timeflow – a particular temporal quality that is th...


The invention relates to a recording medium by laser. This support 40 comprises a metal layer 43 coated recording completely between an intermediate layer 42 of plastics material to solvent based and a protective layer 44 of polymer formed on the recording layer by a vapor deposition method . Application: storage of documents and other data. (CF DRAWING IN BOPI)


The invention relates to a hose connector and a hand-held machine tool. The hose connector (19, 59) assembled in a housing hole (13) of a fuel cell of the hand-held machine tool is integratively provided and a soleplate (20) is provided. A first face (57) on the soleplate (20) is provided with a sealing edge (21) arranged in the housing hole (13). The hose connector (19, 59) is provided with at least one connecting channel (31, 32) penetrating the soleplate (20) and at least one end of which is provided with at least one connection tube (24, 24', 25, 26, 26') used for connecting with a hose. A first connection tube (26, 26') is fixed in the sealing edge (21) on the soleplate (20) and provided with a disengaging preventing safety (54) which is perpendicular to the plane of the soleplate (20) and has a distance (e) with the soleplate (20), the distance (e) is larger than a distance (f) between the lower edge (51) of the sealing edge (21) departing from the soleplate (20) and the soleplate (20).


37 Context: While both overt hyperand hypothyroidism are known to lead to cognitive impairment, data on 38 the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and cognitive function are conflicting. 39 Objective: To determine the risk of dementia and cognitive decline associated with subclinical thyroid 40 dysfunction among prospective cohort studies. 41 Data Sources: Search in MEDLINE and EMBASE (inception until November 2014) and reference lists of 42 key articles without language restrictions. 43 Study Selection: Two physicians identified prospective cohorts that assessed thyroid function at baseline 44 and cognitive outcomes (dementia; Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE). 45 Data Extraction: Data were extracted by one reviewer following standardized protocols and verified by a 46 second reviewer. Both reviewers independently assessed study quality. The primary outcomes were de47 mentia and decline in cognitive function measured by MMSE. We calculated risk ratios and 95% confi48 dence intervals using random-effects models. 49 Data Synthesis: Eleven prospective cohorts followed 16,805 participants during a median follow-up of 50 44.4 months. Five studies analyzed the risk of dementia in subclinical hyperthyroidism (n=6410), six in 51 subclinical hypothyroidism (n=7401). Five studies analyzed MMSE decline in subclinical hyperthyroid52 ism (n=7895), seven in subclinical hypothyroidism (n=8960). In random-effects models, the pooled ad53 justed RR for dementia in subclinical hyperthyroidism was 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-2.69) 54 and 1.14 (95%CI 0.84-1.55) in subclinical hypothyroidism versus euthyroidism, both without evidence of 55 significant heterogeneity (I2=0.0%). Sensitivity analyses pooling only studies with formal outcome adjudi56 cation or population-based studies yielded similar results. The pooled mean MMSE decline from baseline 57 to follow-up (mean 32 months) did not significantly differ between subclinical hyperor hypothyroidism 58 versus euthyroidism. 59 Conclusions: Subclinical hyperthyroidism might be associated with an elevated risk for dementia, while 60 subclinical hypothyroidism is not, and both conditions are not associated with faster decline in MMSE 61 over time. Available data are limited, and additional large, high-quality studies are needed. 62 63 Formatted: Highlight


The invention is applicable to the technical field of the search, and provides a method, a device and a system for displaying a search result. The method comprises the following steps of detecting a sorting factor selected by a user and corresponding sorting weight, wherein the sorting factor comprises the relevance between the search result and a search condition, timeliness of the search result and authority of the search result source site; determining the sorting sequence of each search result according to the sorting factor and the corresponding sorting weight; and displaying the sorted search result. In the method, through the sorting factor set by the user and the corresponding sorting weight, the search results conforming to the search condition of the user can be sequenced and displayed according to the emphasis of the user on each sorting factor, and the individualized search intention of the user can be flexibly fitted.


Abstract Section 15 of the Mental Health Act 1983 permits the rectification of documentary errors relating to the compulsory admission of patients into hospital. There are certain errors, however, which are not capable of rectification under the Act and render the detention unlawful. This article considers the scope and application of s. 15 and assesses the prospects of litigation in those circumstances where documentary errors invalidate the patient's detention.


As the environment protection and requirement of sustainable development has been emphasized The forms of pesticide have been developed towards to water base, particle, slow release, multifunction and labor saving at home and abroad. Some new forms of pesticide with the property of security, economic and labor saving have been studied and some of them have already been used in agricultural production. The new forms will replace those of serious pollution, highly toxicity and large dosage. At present, the study concerned with the kind of pesticide agent in our country is backward compared to other countries. The old forms of pesticide agent, emulsible oil and wettable powder, make up 70 to 80 percent of the whole pesticide production in our country. This not only caused the heavy lost in oil resources, but also make serious pollution to the environmentThis paper has briefly introduced about the progress of the study on the new forms of pesticide agent, such as new form of emulsible oil, light emulsible oil, suspending agent, water, water dispersion particles, slowly-released agent and tablet, to supply scientific evidence for the development on new forms of pesticide. 


The transformative power of the European Union over the countries in the Eastern Partnership is becoming more obvious, both from the perspective of the transfer of institutions, norms, values, practices and public policy instruments, as well as of the exponential participation of beneficiary countries in the EU market. However, some conditionality's are adequate to the context, while others are quite foreign from the internal administrative culture and practice. Thus, in order for the transfer to be adequate, efficient and effective, the EU is interested in institutionalising a series of practices and instruments connected to evaluation in the Eastern Partnership states. Our communication targets the deepening of the aspects which refer to the use of evaluation in the ENP, as aspects which are connected to making the policy transfer process from the EU towards the countries in the Eastern neighbourhood more adequate and relevant. The stake of the policy transfer is represented by the institutionalization of a real governance framework in all the public and private domains and sectors. To this end, we will direct our analysis on the assistance which was granted to the Republic of Moldova by the EU and on the way in which evaluations have been implemented and have contributed to improving and making the policy transfer more efficient.


Current applications, such as on-line gaming or media content delivery, require dynamic bandwidth allocation and a tight integration between the network resources and computing resources. Service orchestration faces the challenge of combining and controlling the resources of these different stratums and optimizing them. This paper proposes the fully automated establishment of a network service using a peer inter-CSO interface in ACTN. The underlying network resources have been abstracted and virtualized in order to provide a network slice. We present the CSO/ACTN architecture and detail the main components. The system is implemented and demonstrated in an experimental testbed, where we characterize the setup delay of a virtual deep packet inspection service across several network domains using the proposed peer interface.


An electret material with high charge storage ability is the key factor for fabricating high performance electret generator for wearable electronics and self‐powered sensor systems. This work presents a new sandwiched composite fluorocarbon (SCF) film, which stores more residual charges compared to traditional electret materials such as dense fluorinated ethylene propylene or fibrous polytetrafluoroethylene films with the same thickness. Electret generator based on the SCF film shows a largest peak power density of ≈31.4 μW cm−2 with load resistance of 40 MΩ. Moreover, the application of the electret generator for a self‐powered human breathing sensor is also demonstrated. This work offers a new strategy to enhance the output of the electret generators.


Based on a combination of online experimental system and off-line measuring system, the experiment system of the 1064nm laser irradiating the aluminum plate was established. The laser sources were the quasi-continuous-wave(QCW) laser and the continuous-wave(CW) laser. The average power of the QCW laser was from 100W to 1000W, operating at a repetition rate of 400Hz and pulse duration of 200μs. The QCW laser could be treated as the combination of a high peak short pulse laser with pulse duration of 40μs and a long pulse laser with pulse duration of 160μs, the irradiation effect of the QCW laser was different from the CW laser. The experimental results show that: compared with the CW laser, the QCW laser had a lower ablation threshold and a shorter ablation penetration time; with a same average power, the ablation penetration time was inversely proportional to the beam size, and finally tended to a stable value. In this paper, we also provided the ablation penetration time of other typical targets.


The ageing and degradation of electrical machines insulation are phenomena that determine the life-time of electrical machines in operation. The intensities of these phenomena depend on the nature and values of electrical, mechanical, thermal and environmental stresses that act (permanently or temporary) on the insulations. The paper presents an experimental study of the effects of thermal, mechanical and electrical stresses on the electrical characteristics of some paper mica, glass fibers and epoxy resin insulations. The samples (bars) were subjected to uniand multifactor ageing using several laboratory setups and the variations of capacity and loss factor with the ageing time and applied voltage were measured. The results analyze shows that the Isotenax tape insulations have a better behavior than P722 tape insulations and that the multifactor stresses (electrical + mechanical +thermal) cause a more pronounced modification of the loss factor and capacity than the unifactor ones.


Objective To investigate the influencing factor of expectant mothe's self-confidence on breast feeding.Methods Select 42 primipara were divided into common education group and intensify health education group,common education group carry out traditionary education to breast feeding,intensify health education group carry out special-purpose learning when after admission,antepartum after parturition and prior to discharge.Follow up after parturition,observe two sets of maintenance rate and health education satisfaction rate.Results Compared with intensify health education group,the common education group handle less knowledge of breast feeding,and the amount of give up breast feeding midway obviously higher.The difference have statistics sense.Conclusion It is the hypothesis of ensure breast feeding successfully develop though health education,in favour of strengthen expectant mothe's self-confidence on breast feeding and increase the rate of breast feeding.


This article argues that cis, hetero, abled, middle-class, white men – as a group and as an identity category – are the structuring absence of inequality discourse and, as a consequence, it is 'div...


According to the actual unloading stress status of foundation pit excavation,normal triaxial apparatus of strain control is transformed and triaxial test method is designed for conforming to the mechanical characteristics of soil sidewise unloading during excavation process.Under drainage condition,the relationship curves between soil stress and strain,volume strain and axial strain,axial strain and horizontal strain are obtained by the triaxial test of sidewise unloading for saturated silty clay in Wuhan District.The test results show that the transformed triaxial apparatus of strain control can replace the triaxial apparatus of stress control to simulate the stress path of soil sidewise unloading.


Pediatric acute care rehabilitation hospitals have clinical expertise in the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of children with complex medical diseases and highly specialized health care needs.

![Figure][1]

Dr. Mirkinson

Unlike skilled nursing facilities, rehabilitation hospitals


The title compounds (3, 8, 9 and 10) were efficiently synthesized, and their substitution reactions with various nucleophiles were carried out. The effects of leaving group, sulfur-substituent, solvent, reaction temperature, and the nature of the nucleophiles on the reactivity and S N 2/S N 2' regioselectivity were studied and rationalized with semi-empirical calculations.


Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are the ubiquitous organic pollutants in the environment,and their degradation has been of public concern.Among the degradation ways of these pollutants in the environment,photodegradation is the important one.We summarized the research advance in the photodegradation of PAHs in gas,liquid,and solid phases,with the focus on the photodegradation rate in liquid media,its affecting factors,intermediates,mechanisms and dynamics,and photoactive-biological oxidation.At present,it is urgent to establish systematic and effective methodologies in studying the photodegradation of PAHs to understand the related mechanisms and affecting factors exactly.


Viral contaminations speak to a general medical issue and one of the main sources of worldwide mortality. A large portion of the antiviral medications have low permeability, low dissolvability and other related physical properties which make them less efficient for the antiviral treatment. To conquer these constraints, different nanomedicine stages have been planned. Nanomaterials offer special physico-chemical properties that have various advantages for medicate conveyance as perfect devices for viral treatment. This review focuses on the currently used medicines used in viral infection, presents a broad overview of the application of nanosized materials for the treatment of common viral infections and shed light on the potential of nanotechnology to provide more effective treatment for HIV, Herpes simplex virus, Influenza virus and Hepatitis C virus. The action of antiviral medications could be improved with nanomedicine formulations. As the physicochemical properties of nanocarriers can empower their capacity to target the specific sites. When it comes to structuring nanocarriers, size is the most important factor and the nanoparticles can permit the controlled delivery kinetics, enhanced bioavailability, altered pharmacokinetics, and less side effects. Nanocarriers that build them appealing candidates for antiviral drug such as Improves bioavailability of the encapsulated actives, controlled release, reduce the toxicity associated with the anti-viral drugs. One of the important physicochemical properties mainly size is the most important design factor for nanocarriers for anti-viral drug delivery to the specific sites. Nanobased drug delivery also leads to enhance the potential of currently approved antiviral drugs.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, HIV, Hepatits virus, Influenza, HSV


We define the concepts of multimap-systems and the equivalent maps between the kind of systems, go a step further, we introduce the concept of equivalent maps between two self-similar sets and discuss the states of Hausdorff dimensions of imagines of self-similar sets under mapping of this kind of maps.


Abstract : The foundation of the theory of functionally graded plates with simply supported edges, under a Friedlander explosive air-blast, are developed within the classical plate theory (CPT). Within the development of the theory, the two constituent phases, ceramic and metal, vary across the wall thickness according to a prescribed power law. The theory includes the geometrical nonlinearities, the dynamic effects, compressive tensile edge loadings,and the damping effects. Also presented are the analytical expressions for the stresses, in which the results of which are not presented here. The static and dynamic solutions are developed leveraging the use of a stress potential with the Extended-Galerkin method and the Runge-Kutta method. The analysis focuses on how to alleviate the effects of large deformations through proper material selection and the proper gradation of the constituent phases or materials.


To solve the problem that it is difficult to position the perturbation point and judge the perturbation time under multiple simultaneous perturbations in a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system,signal processing method was carried out and clustering analysis technology was applied. Firstly,hotspot map gathered by the system was processed above a threshold,and then the target objects were extracted. According to the results of clustering analysis,perturbation points are positioned and perturbation time is confirmed. The results show that the method makes an accurate and reasonable judgment for positioning the perturbation behavior and perturbation duration and the noise interference is eliminated at the same time. This is one step of event classification. The study provides the basis for the final system alarm strategy.


An optic determination method based on the oxidation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) catalyzed by Iron (III) Tetrasulfophthalocyanine (Fe (III) PcTs) was developed for the determination of 2-CP. The optical oxygen sensing film containing fluorescence indicator Ru (bpy)3Cl2 was used to detect the consumption of oxygen in solution. A lock-in amplifier was used for detecting the lifetime of the oxygen sensing film by measuring the phase delay of the sensor head. Under the optimal conditions (pH6.0, 25oC, Fe (III) PcTs concentration of 0.62 mg/mL), the linear detection range and response time of the biosensor were 1.0×10-6-9.0×10-6 mol/L and 230s, respectively. The sensor displayed high selectivity and could be used as an effective tool in analyzing 2-CP concentration in practical water samples.


The Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological syndrome, it may occur due to a number of causes, including the use of immunosuppressive treatments. It is a rare entity. We report here the occurrence of a PRES syndrome in a patient treated with tacrolimus after liver transplantation, revealed by ocular manifestations associated with intermittent headaches of moderate intensity and tremor in the hands later complicated by a condition epilepticus. The brain scan showed an occipital hematoma in resorption and a lumbar puncture with normal pressure measurement. The brain MRI had objectified on the FLAIR sequence an evocative aspect of reversible posterior encephalopathy in the posterior occipital and parietal territory. Antiepileptic treatment was introduced and tacrolimus was replaced by ciclosporin, given the strong presumption of its involvement in the occurrence of this PRES, with good evolution. The prognosis of PRES is generally favorable under treatment, with a risk of serious sequelae in case of delayed diagnosis justifying that this syndrome must be evoked in front of neurological manifestations in a patient on tacrolimus.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the effects of technological change and the general commercialization of agriculture on women in one part of Indonesia. Data on labour allocation, the sexual division of labour, patterns of decision-making and cash earnings from an irrigated rice area are compared with a rainfed rice area. The evidence suggests that the completion of an irrigation project in the rainfed rice area will contribute to: greater divisions within the community; the relative displacement of women from agriculture; and changes in decision-making patterns associated with losses in women's autonomy and control over productive resources.


It is well known that the projections of a pair of points from the vertices of a triangle onto the opposite sides lie on a conic and that when the points are the centroid and orthocentre of the triangle, this conic is a circle. Analogously the projections of the centroid and orthocentre of a simplex from its vertices onto the opposite (n—1)-dimensional faces, if the simplex is orthocentric, lie on a hypersphere [2, 5]. Further the projections of two points onto the edges of a general simplex from the opposite faces lie on quadric [1]; and when the points are the centroid and orthocentre respectively and the simplex is orthocentric, this quadric is a hypersphere [2]. The results as regards projections onto (n—l)-dimensional and 1-dimensional faces being thus known, it remains to see what results hold in the case of intermediary faces. And in this note we prove that a similar result holds for projections onto intermediary faces as well.


Legend. Dose response of Rickettsia rickettsii (strain Sheila Smith [SS]) to doxycycline by a plaque-reduction method [1]. Doxycycline hyclate (concentration, 850 ,ig/mg; Pfizer Laboratories, New York) was incorporated at various concentrations into an agarose overlay medium in 35-mm plastic petri dishes that contained a monolayer of chicken embryo cells from embryonated specific pathogen-free eggs (Spafas, Norwich, Conn.) that had been infected with 100-200 pfu of plaque-purified R. rickettsii (strain Sheila Smith) that had been passaged in yolk sacs (Spafas). Plaques were counted after incubation for seven days at 32 C in a moist atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO2,; results were expressed as a percentage of the results of control determinations (no antibiotic). The curve represents the average of three separate experiments, each using six replicate plaque dishes at each drug concentration (0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 MAg/ml). Results at a drug concentration of 0.5 pg/ml were also determined (data not shown). Summary


Smart's assertion that translators/interpreters are key to access to rehabilitation services by linguistic minorities is an important one. It is a nice addition to the growing discourse on multicultural issues in the rehabilitation literature. Hopefully this will increase the much deserved attention on this and other rehabilitation service needs of linguistic minorities. There are, however, several caveats to keep in mind when using translators/interpreters both in professional practice and research. These include taking into consideration the organizational context that the interpreter/translator enters, the use of relatives and friends as interpreters, and issues related to conducting the much-needed research on translinguistic minorities with disabilities. Language issues of racial-ethnic minorities with disabilities are indeed important and the facilitation of the rehabilitation process for this population is crucial. The 1990 United States (U.S.) Census reveals that more than 31.8 million people in the U.S. speak languages other than English. Spanish is the most prevalent followed by French, German, Italian and Chinese, in descending order (Parliman and Shoeman, 1994). Smart provides a nice introduction to the complex problem of providing rehabilitation services to linguistic minorities. No one article can cover the complexity involved and so I welcome the opportunity to respond. I will use the example of Latinos who represent the fastest growing racial-ethnic group and the largest linguistic minority group in the country. Personally speaking On a personal note, in another publication (Leal-Idrogo, 1993a), I discussed the importance of the inclusion of the subjective voice into social science discourse. It is no less true of the rehabilitation discourse that "self" is an appropriate part of publications in letting the reader know the world view of the writer. My interest in Latinos with disabilities and in particular on the use of interpreters is informed not only by my studies but by my personal experiences as well. I have functioned as a bilingual/bicultural counselor in many settings: Public assistance agencies, Los Angeles County Probation Department, Federal Probation and Parole, the California Workers' Compensation rehabilitation service delivery system and substance abuse treatment agencies. I am a third generation Mexican origin woman, born and raised in the United States (U.S.). Although I have not been formally "educated" in the Spanish language in the U.S. (I studied Spanish in Mexico as an adult), I was certified as a Bilingual Probation Officer by the County of Los Angeles by verbal examination. Spanish now is my second language although I spoke only Spanish until I entered school. I had several negative experiences as a child related to first and second languages, e.g., in a California elementary school classroom, a teacher washed my mouth with soap when I spoke Spanish in the classroom insisting that I only speak English. I eventually stopped speaking Spanish altogether although my parents and family friends frequently spoke Spanish to me in social settings. My parents had limited education and their command of the Spanish language was at approximately a 9th grade level. Later as a re-entry student, my mother acquired further education and worked as a translator and interpreter. In each of my work settings, I was asked to assist in interpreting as well as carry my own caseload because I was often the only Latino professional in the area. Through this on-the-job immersion, I regained my Spanish-speaking capability. I share this information because it points to several facts about bilingual/bicultural rehabilitation professionals. Each will have a socio-historical background unique to them with associated feeling about their linguistic history and cultural identity. We must consider these factors as we contemplate their use in the training and supervision of translators and interpreters. …


In Sphagnum cuspidatum unesterified polyuronic acids form 12 per cent, of the dry weight; in S. acutifolium 25 per cent, of the dry weight. A good correlation has been found for Sphagna between the content of unesterified polyuronic acid and the cation exchange ability, and between cation exchange ability and height of normal habitat above the water table. Anion exchange ability in Sphagna is less than 0-0026 m.eq./g. D.W. compared with about 1 -2 m.eq./g. D.W. for cations at pH values above 7. In natural conditions the exchange sites are, however, only partly dissociated. The production of new plant material in a bog dependent on rainwater for nutrients can be sufficient to maintain the pH below 4-5, but on average in England only of the order of 2 per cent, of the monovalent cations other than H+ could be retained in exchangeable form. A greater proportion of polyvalent cations could be retained. The kinetics of cation exchange are consistent with a heterogeneous exchange phase containing regions of high charge density and regions with lower charge density. At equilibrium the proportions of different cations in the exchange phase are largely explicable by a Donnan distribution, but there are notable exceptions. Two estimates based on Donnan distribution suggest that with low external pH and/or low cation concentration the apparent concentration of exchange sites may be 2-3 eq./l., falling with rise in pH and/or increase in cation concentration to o-o-is eq./l. The apparent dissociation coefficient also varies in these conditions from 2 X io~* to 1 X io~*.


During the heterogeneous recombination of atoms on surfaces of solid lumophors the energy released in the process may be converted to luminous energy of the lumophor. The purpose of the present investigation is the elucidation of the mechanism and efficiency of energy transfer. Lumophors based on the CaO and the MgO host lattices and containing various activators were prepared. The luminescence characteristics of these materials when exposed to hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms were examined. Included in this investigation are the effects of atom species, atom concentration, lumophor temperature, and lumophor composition. Some luminescence spectra were obtained. Photolumi-nescence and candoluminescence of some of the lumophors were examined. A model is presented which describes the processes of chemical reaction and energy transfer associated with luminescence produced by heterogeneous atom recombination. (auth)


In this work, liquid microlens arrays are fabricated by the template assisted liquid self-assembly method and the corresponding focus adjustment is realized by the photothermal conversion of graphene microsheets. Under the infrared laser irradiation, the deposited graphene microsheets layer can convert the light energy into thermal energy, which can increase the temperature of liquid microlens and induce the change of the lenslet curvature. As a result, the liquid microlens array can realize a reversible and programmable focus by selectively confining infrared laser to an expectant region. In contrast with traditional microlens arrays, graphene-based liquid microlens arrays are versatile and practicable with the advantages of non-contact actuation, remote and local control, and omitted connecting wires and electrodes. All these excellent advantages make the graphene-based microlens arrays available for remote-driven optoelectronic applications.


Deadlock-free virtual channel allocation scheme should be designed to balance resources utilization, particularly for modern communication-centric interconnects networks. Dateline, proposed decades ago, is one of the most popular methods to remove cyclic dependencies within a single dimension of a torus. While the problem of virtual channel misbalance caused by these deadlock avoidance schemes brings lots of performance pathologies. In this paper, we propose a serial virtual channel balanced routing algorithms (VCBR) for torus networks. The technique is deadlock-free, and can promote the virtual channel balance in a wise manner. Moreover, these methods can be used to both wormhole and virtual cut-through switched networks. Extensive simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods as compared to the well-known existing approaches.


Biological Control of Insects Thursday morning 9:00 am Where: Grand Gallery (main level) Room A & B This workshop will provide information on what biological control agents of insect pests look like, what they feed on, and how they can be managed on farm to increase their efficacy. You will get to see and handle pinned specimens, so you can learn to identify them. MI Recertification credits: 2 (COMM CORE, PRIV CORE) CCA Credits: PM(2.0) Moderator: Chelsea Smith, Entomology Dept., The Ohio State University


The starting point of this research is the identification of a normative and technical gap in planning areas of influence of reservoirs for power generation, understood these as water bodies in which an important part of water supply
resources is concentrated. In this sense, a description of the problem and the importance of considering hydroelectric megaprojects as spatial analysis units is made; then, the determination of the land carrying capacity is proposed as a methodological tool, since it is considered that it functions as an Accumulative Impact Assessment, inasmuch as it allows to understand the configuration of the territory after the start of operation of the hydroelectric project and, based on this information, become an input for decision-making with technical support, that answer the question of what to do sustainably in those territories.


The numerical analysis of the sloshing effects on ship roll motion was done with the multi phase model for the flow problem with free surface. The CFX 4 was used to present successful solutions for the sloshing,overturning and re entry of hold water of the ship with large amplitude roll motion. Numerical investigations were carried out for the sloshing problems with various depth,roll amplitude of hold in forced or free oscillation.It was found that the water depth plays an important role in sloshing. The effect of shallow hold water is more important than that of the deep in some frequencies.


In order to analyze the dynamic mechanical property of steel 4340 during its micro-milling, finite element method is used to simulate the process of elastic-plastic micro-milling. The curves of logarithmic strain, plastic strain, strain rate changing as cutting time goes on are shown in the process of simulation, with the distribution of logarithmic strain, plastic strain, equivalent plastic stain and stain rate analyzed. The results provide a basis for the further reaserch of materials' dynamic mechanical properties during their cutting process.


This Research Topic brings together 24 articles that highlight the most recent research findings concerning the biology of the genus Vibrio and covers pathogenicity and host interaction, genome plasticity and evolution, and the dynamics of factors influencing the ecology of vibrios.

Vibrio comprises one of the most diverse marine bacterial genera (Gomez-Gil et al., 2014), and its diversity is emphasized in two of the articles opening this set of Research Topic papers. Sawabe et al. (2013) present a molecular phylogeny of 86 Vibrio species based on genome sequencing that provides insight into Vibrio biodiversity and evolutionary history. In a study of more than 300 Vibrio genome sequences, Lukjancenko and Ussery (2014) conclude that the Vibrio pan-genome comprises 17,000 gene families, differentially present and/or expressed in any given species.

A remarkable feature of all Vibrio species is an highly plastic genome, a feature examined in five papers. The two chromosomes are shaped by horizontal gene transfer involving, among others, antibiotic resistance, virulence, and niche adaptation (Rowe-Magnus et al., 2001; Kirkup et al., 2010). V. vulnificus biotype 3 is a notable example. Efimov et al. (2013) suggest biotype 3 evolved from biotype 1 by acquisition of unique genes from other bacterial species, such as Shewanella, sharing the same ecological niche. Carraro et al. (2014) employ molecular and functional characterization of pVCR94, to identify the role of IncA/C plasmids in antibiotic resistance in a Rwandan V. cholerae isolate. A retrospective analysis of epidemic V. cholerae in Angola is reported by Valia et al. (2013), showing unexpected genomic variability among variants, highlighting the role of genomic islands, phages, and integrative conjugative elements in the genetic diversity of V. cholerae in a single epidemic. Rivas et al. (2013) describe acquisition by Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae of virulence plasmid pPHDD1 that encodes pore-forming toxins and hemolysins which play a key role in virulence for both fish and humans. A review by Rapa and Labbate (2013) describes the role of integrons in Vibrio species for which gene cassettes comprise approximately 1–3% of the entire genome and are very likely involved in bacterial adaptation and evolution.

Nine of the manuscripts analyze Vibrio pathogenicity, disease development, specificity, and adaptation in both human and animal hosts. Tan et al. (2014) deciphered the biosynthetic network of the siderophore vulnibactin, essential in iron uptake from host proteins, the importance of which in V. vulnificus pathogenicity has been clinically demonstrated. Inhibition/resistance mechanisms developed by V. salmonicida, the causative agent of hemorrhagic septicemia in Atlantic salmon, is described by Bjelland et al. (2013), who show that it overcomes the salmon innate immune system to a point where the infection overwhelms the host. The role in bacterial virulence of diverse extracellular proteolytic enzymes secreted by human pathogenic Vibrio species is the focus of a review by Miyoshi (2013). The engagement of type VI secretion systems by V. cholerae is suggested as a means of intra- and inter-species predation and nutrient acquisition, inducing rapid multiplication in the human host (Pukatzki and Provenzano, 2013). The bioluminescent marine bacterium V. campbellii is used by Wang et al. (2013) to analyze the pyomelanin-pigmented phenotype, known to provide Vibrio species with greater UV and oxidative stress resistance and enhanced intestine colonization. The relationship between pathogenicity and motility in Vibrio species and the contribution of flagella to adhesion and biofilm formation are discussed by Zhu et al. (2013). The largely unexplored V. fluvialis mechanisms of pathogenesis, survival and fitness are reviewed by Ramamurthy et al. (2014). Twenty new Vibrio species associated with molluscans are described and their pathogenic potential for molluscs elucidated by Romalde et al. (2014). The exquisite bacteria–host interaction between V. fisheri and its squid host, Euprymna scolopes, is described in detail, as are the molecular pathways of biofilm formation, motility, and chemotaxis (Norsworthy and Visick, 2013).

The capacity of Vibrio species to persist in the aquatic environment, their ecology and association with abiotic and biotic factors, as well as environmental surveillance for public health (Lipp et al., 2002; Grimes et al., 2009; Johnson, 2013) comprise a section in the Research Topic that opens with a review by Lutz et al. (2013) elucidating complex mechanisms enabling V. cholerae to withstand starvation, temperature fluctuation, salinity variation, and predation. Haley et al. (2014) report water temperature increase can be correlated with rise of a diverse population of V. parahaemolyticus, some of which carry pandemic markers, in water and plankton along the Georgian coast of the Black Sea. V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus populations associated with oyster, sediment, and surface water related to a hurricane event in the Chesapeake Bay are concluded to be influenced by wave energy and sediment resuspension (Shaw et al., 2014). Canesi et al. (2013) show the serum of Mytilus galloprovincialis promotes phagocytosis and killing by hemocytes of both V. cholerae O1 and non-O1/non-O139 in edible bivalves. Chakraborty et al. (2013) evaluate a sensitive and specific dipstick test to detect toxigenic V. cholerae in water, validating a simple, inexpensive method for use in areas at risk of cholera.

Three articles addressing Vibrio environmental diversity and dynamics complete this Research Topic. Mansergh and Zehr (2014) suggest that the natural shift of Vibrio populations in Monterey Bay is affected by larger oceanographic conditions (flow velocities and wind patterns), rather than individual environmental factors. Meta-analysis of environmental variables and Vibrio association with plants, algae, zooplankton, and animals are reviewed by Takemura et al. (2014). As a final point concerning environmental distribution, Constantin De Magny et al. (2014) propose temporal shifts, zooplankton community variability, and occurrence of V. cholerae in the aquatic environment are related to cholera dynamics. These factors, analyzed by metagenomics, permit greater understanding of community structure, function, and competition.

In summary, the collection of manuscripts provided in this Research Topic offers a comprehensive exploration of Vibrio biology, from the single gene to the bacterial community, elucidating Vibrio molecular pathways and evolutionary history. This special issue shows the significant progress achieved in understanding the complex biology of the genus Vibrio and should both stimulate discussion and offer a challenge to researchers in microbial ecology and evolution.


Medicine is provided by eolyong closed system, the system comprising: an elastomer closure part (20), the cover portion 40 of clamping part 30 to secure parts of the closed when the opening and coupling of the vial, and the clamp part and the coupling It includes. The interior of closure is shaped to minimize the residual amount of the internal residual liquid.


Experimental observations of dust cloud dynamics in a RF discharge afterglow are presented. Image analysis is used to extract information from videos taken of the plasma. Estimations of the mean confining electric field have been made for different experimental conditions using a model for the contraction of the dust cloud. Dust particle trajectories in the late afterglow evidence the co‐existence of positively and negatively charged dust particles.


Purpose: As Emergency Medical Technician educators develop curricula to meet new national educational standards, effective teaching strategies validated for course content and unique student demographics are warranted. Three methods for answering multiple choice questions presented during lectures were compared: a) Audience Response System (ARS, clickers), b) hand-raising-with-eyes-closed (no-cost option), and c) passive response (no-cost option). The purpose was to determine if using the ARS resulted in improved exam scores. Method: 113 Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) students participated in this cross-over, block randomized, controlled trial, which was incorporated into their Cardiac Emergencies and Pulmonary Emergencies course lectures. Students took pretests, immediate post-tests, and delayed post-tests composed of multiple choice questions that targeted either lower or higher order thinking. Results: For both lectures, there were significant improvements on all immediate post-test scores compared to all pretest scores (p Conclusions: In this cohort, incorporation of no-cost question-driven teaching strategies into lectures was as effective as an ARS at encouraging significant, immediate and sustained improvements in answering multiple choice questions.


Some vase-shaped microfossils from the late Neoproterozoic Doushantuo phosphorites of Guizhou Province,South China,are reported.The vase-shaped microfossils are morphologically attributed to two genera and three species.They resemble to the vase-shaped microfossils from the Early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu biota of southern Shaanxi Province in terms of the microstructure and chemical components of the fossil walls.Microscopic observation indicates that the walls of the vase-shaped fossils from both Weng'an biota and Kuanchuanpu biota are of either single-layer or multi-layers,and of calcium phosphate in chemical composition.Also,the vase-shaped fossils show some close similarities in size and general contour to the vase-shaped fossils from Neoproterozoic Gaojiashan biota.The discovery of the vase-shaped microfossils from the Doushantuo phosphorite may not only enrich our knowledge of the Neoproterozoic protozoans in the Weng'an biota,but also throw much light on the early evolution and diversification of protests of the boundary between Precambrianand Cambrian.


Value at Risk has become the standard measure of market risk employed by financial institutions for both internal and regulatory purposes. Despite its conceptual simplicity, its measurement is a challenging statistical problem and none of the methodologies developed so far gives a satisfactory solution. Interpreting Value at Risk as a quantile of future portfolio values conditional on current information, we propose a new approach to quantile estimation that does not require any the extreme assumptions of existing methodologies, such as normality or i.i.d. returns. The Conditional Value at Risk, or CAVIAR, model shifts attention from the distribution of returns to the behavior of the quantile. We use the regression quantile framework introduced by Koenker and Bassett to determine the parameters of the updating process. Utilizing the criterion that, each period, the probability of exceeding the VaR must be independent of all the past information, we introduce a new test of model adequacy: the Dynamic Quantile test. We use a differential evolutionary genetic algorithm to optimize an objective function that is not differentiable and hence cannot be optimized using traditional algorithms. Applications to simulated and real data provide empirical support for our methodology and illustrate the ability of these algorithms to adapt to new risk environments.


In this contribution I briefly describe my joint efforts and experiences with M.G. Nakhodkin in the field of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) including a construction of the home-built microscopes, application of this technique in various scientific endevours, as well as fruitfull and enlightening discusions. Our co-operation was focused on the novel aspects of STM probes preparation and conditioning, coupling the STM junction with laser irradiation, STM-based nanolithography, and also on collaboration at the international scale with M.G. Nakhodkin and members of his scientific group.


OBJECTIVES
To identify factors that are independently related to interrupted stroke rehabilitation due to acute care transfer or death.

METHODS
Medical records of stroke inpatients admitted from 2012 to 2017 were reviewed. Stroke inpatients with interrupted stroke rehabilitation due to acute care transfer or death were enrolled into the case group. Those without interruption admitted in the same month were randomly selected into the control group (case to control ratio of 1 : 5). Ten clinical factors were studied.

RESULTS
Among stroke inpatients, 3.2% were transferred to acute care facilities and 0.2% died. The most common causes of acute care transfer were respiratory tract infection, intracranial hemorrhage, recurrent ischemic stroke, ischemic heart disease, and seizure. Three factors were found to be significantly associated with interrupted stroke rehabilitation, i.e. presence of feeding tube, presence of anemia and age. Our results also revealed significant association between presence of feeding tube and respiratory tract infection (p = 0.005).

CONCLUSION
Feeding tube, anemia and old age were identified as independent predictors of interrupted stroke rehabilitation due to acute care transfer or death. Interventions to reduce severe complications should be implemented in order to prevent interruption of rehabilitation process and to reduce the patient transfer rate.


In this paper, the authors settle down a systemic theory of the ideologies in one first approach, distinguishing between the Structural Base and the Superstructure, settling down projections and images between both. Distinction between material structure (Structural Base SB) and ideal or cultural Superstructure is common. This dichotomy translates to social sphere the old religious and philosophical dualism between the body and the soul. In fact, such separation between body and soul, between material structure and ideal and cultural superstructure does not exist. It is a cybernetic process with mathematical and logical images and projections. We consider the Eco-sustainability as an ediodynamic ideology in according to Waldorf's classification.


The purpose for which this study is written is to bring forward some contributions to overcome the present economic crisis as well as to promote sport activities through reflection open possible functions of sports in the Korean society. In a nutshell, sport activities provide means for a healthy mental and physical life. Secondly, they not only elevate nationalism but also patriotism and establish strong national identity. Thirdly, sports are potential sources of foreign exchange while sport marketing plays an important role in both international and domestic economy. Fourth, sport exchange programs can improve our national credibility in the face of the latest foreign exchange crisis. Lastly, sport matches and heroes empower us with confidence to battle against recent hardships and arm us with appropriate qualities required for a successful life. Therefore, it is our responsibility to promote sport activities to catalyses national economic development and the myth of sport heroes promotion of sports will render changes to healthy lives and reunite our divided people and the troubled society of today.


Surface water bodies can be impaired by turbidity and excessive sediment loading due to urban development, construction activities, and agricultural practices. Turbidity has been considered as a proxy for evaluating water quality, aquatic habitat and aesthetic impairments in surface waters. The United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) has listed turbidity and sediment as major pollutants for construction site effluent. Recently proposed USEPA regulations for construction site runoff led to increased interest in methods to predict turbidity in runoff based on parameters that are more commonly predicted in runoff-erosion models. In this study, a turbidity prediction methodology that can be easily incorporated into existing runoff-erosion models has been developed using fractions of sand, silt, and clay plus suspended sediment concentration of eight parent soils from locations in Oklahoma and South Carolina, USA.


Hollywood has been fascinated with the Thousand and One Nights. It has adapted it from the very outset of Cinema itself. Based on Linda Hutcheon's (2006) A Theory of Adaptation, this paper tries to examine Rawlins' Arabian Nights (1942) to see how Hollywood adapts from this Oriental work. Hutcheon argues that adapters adapt differently; some adapt to pay tribute and homage to the author, some adapt because they want to make money; some adapt to gain cultural authority and canonicity; others adapt to critique and subvert the ideology of the text. In this paper we will argue that Hollywood occupies the fourth category in adapting Thousand and One Nights in Arabian Nights directed by Rawlins, that is to say Hollywood seeks to subvert the ideology of the text and critique what it stands for and what the text stands for is the East and mostly Arabic culture. To do that, Hollywood does not indigenize the culture of the East and critiques the culture of the Arabs through the tropes of belly-dance, veil, and harem. The methodology of this article is wholly based on Edward Said's theory of Orientalism in his book Orientalism.


ABSTARCT This work aims to study how to remove the organic acid by-products from simulated fermentation broth containing succinic acid by reactive extraction. Model solutions including single-, binary-, ternary-, and quaternary-solute solutions were used. The broths were reactively extracted using 0.25 mol TOA/kg 1-octanol under pH of 2.45-6.0. The extracted broths were then distillated under vacuum -0.017 MPa with operating temperature between 45 and 65°C. Finally, the distilled broths were crystallized at 4°C and pH of 2.0. The results showed that the purity and yield of succinic acid of 99.10% and 30.25%, respectively, were obtained.


The aryl-substituted oxadiazole motif is present in natural products and in many biologically active compounds. In this present communication, novel substituted oxadiazole derivatives were reported along with their isolation and synthesis by the reaction of 5- phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-amine with several aldehydes in the presence of DMF and MK-10 as a catalyst. The compounds were characterized by spectral data such as IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR.


Home care services are a growing segment of the health care system that support the ageing population in developed nations. In Canada, adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities, livin...


By adopting anti-corrosive material in sea water systems,adding zinc protection on the air cooler cover,changing welding construction of pipe,adopting steel pipe zinc-plating in fresh water,fuel and lubrication systems,adding protective cover in generator and damper,selecting electrical components with relevant protective grades,control cabinet with sealing design,TBD620 series diesel engine meet the requirements of marine engine for anti-corrosion and reduce three leakages,which makes anti-corrosive performance of all components correspondent.


We demonstrate the fabrication of micron-wide tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on a silicon substrate using laser lithography. We show saturated internal detection efficiencies with wire widths ranging from 0.59 µm to 1.43 µm under illumination at 1550 nm. We demonstrate both straight wires, as well as meandered structures. Single-photon sensitivity is shown in devices up to 4 mm in length. Laser-lithographically written devices allow for fast and easy structuring of large areas while maintaining a saturated internal efficiency for wire widths around 1 µm.


: The research was conducted during the winter season 2017-2018 in the experimental field of the Musayyib Technical Institute to study the effect of the number of sprays and different levels of the foliar nutrient (0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 cm 3 .L - 1 ) on the growth and yield of the broad bean plant, using Randomized complete block design with four replicates. The results showed a significant effect of the alnibras foliar nutrient and spraying in all studied traits, the highest average of plant height was 106.1 cm, number of branches 8.65, number of leaves 110.1, leaf area 277.3 dm 2 , number of flowers 99.34 and percentage of set 96.1%, which was achieved when interaction using spraying three times and alnibras at the level of 3.0 cm 3 .L -1 . The interaction also had a positive effect on the amount of yield and other studied traits. The highest average was the number of pods/plant, length of pod (cm), pod weight (gm), number of seeds/pod, yield per plant (kg), early yield (kg) and total yield (kg). They reached (51.76, 24.68 cm, 18.98 g, 7.73, 982.4 g, 36,441 kg and 1886,2 kg), respectively. In comparison to the average number of pods/plant, length of pod (cm), pod weight (gm), number of seeds/pod, quantity of yield per plant (gm), early yield (kg) and total yield (kg) amounted to (8.81, 11.65 cm, 6.54 g, 3.01), 57.61 g, 12.65 kg and 110.6 kg), respectively for the control treatment.


Coordination models and languages play a key role in formally specifying the communication and interaction among different components in large-scale concurrent systems. In this paper, we use active learning to extract timed connector models from black-box system implementations. Firstly, parameterized Mealy machine (PMM) is introduced as an operational semantic model for channel-based coordination language Reo. With product and link operators defined, we can construct complex connectors by joining basic ones in form of PMM. Moreover, with a concretize mapping function, PMMs can be easily transformed into Mealy machines, and the latter can be extracted by an optimized L* algorithm.


cultural economies, and the evolution of cultural complexity in the Old and New Worlds. The author concentrates on the culture histories of areas central to these transformations, but he also gives balanced coverage of sub-Saharan African chiefdoms, Polynesian agriculturalists, and other cultures on the margins of the developmental centers. Except for a few paragraphs on dating techniques and stratigraphy, there is virtually no discussion of field and laboratory methods in archaeology. Wallace's theoretical orientation is "cultural evolutionism," and he cites Marvin Harris and Kent Flannery as his major sources of philosophical inspiration. He invokes functionalist arguments in systems-theory terms and flow-chart form as explanations of most major cultural changes. Thus, Wallace's view of agricultural origins is represented by a flow-chart linking population growth in optimum environments with assorted ecological and social variables to produce "increased sedentism" and, eventually, domesticated plants and agricultural economies. Similarly, he argues that " . . . scattered resources, widespread exchange, and the warfare that went along with it, were the critical factors in the emergence of the earliest states" (p. 413). Wallace ignores almost entirely the many current debates about the "philosophy" of archaeology—including those on the epistemological limitations of the version of cultural ecology he employs. His general perspective, however, is at least consistent and coherent, and not all those using this book as a text will consider the omission of philosophical and theoretical controversies a liability. The volume of archaeological publications renders all surveys of world prehistory—including this one— somewhat dated by the time they are published, but Wallace's bibliography is reasonably contemporary. Wallace's prose is clear and lively, with a nice mix of aphorisms, quotations, and imaginative ethnographic essays. The text is ill-served, however, by the accompanying illustrations, many of which are ill-chosen and inexpertly reproduced—notwithstanding the high price of the book. Clash of Cultures is a literate account of a fascinating era—the early years of contact between Europeans and "primitive" peoples. Fagan considers eight case histories: those of the Khoikhoi ("Hottentots"), Aztecs, Tahitians, Tasmanians, Fuegians, Hurons, Nootka, and Maori. He explores the long-term consequences of European influences on these societies in the centuries since initial contacts and the general history of "modernization" of simple societies. One of Fagan's primary goals is to "describe some of the changing viewpoints about non-Western societies that colored Europeans' dealings with them between about the fifteenth and late nineteenth centuries." Fagan suggests that the reader interested in the theoretical anthropology of his subject should consult other sources (many of which he lists in an annotated bibliography); he himself devotes almost no space to methodological and theoretical concerns, presenting instead a descriptive, anecdotal history that emphasizes colorful individuals and customs. Thus we learn of English sailors almost destroying their ships by extracting nails to pay Tahitian prostitutes, of Captain FitzRoy's purchases of children for the purpose of communicating through them to the rather nondenominational Fuegians the "plainer truths of Christianity," and of the systematic sacrifice of Spanish prisoners of war to the Aztec war-gods. Fagan's treatment of changing European perceptions of the "primitive" world focuses on the concept of the "noble savage" and Utopian ideas in European thought, and on the economic factors that quickly and complexly linked European societies with people in every part of the world. He uses quotations from missionaries, seamen, provincial administrators, and others to illustrate a well-known but still intriguing truth: Europeans of the Age of Discovery gave God some degree of credit for blessing them among all peoples, but they gave themselves perhaps greater credit in their assumption that they had literally thought themselves out of barbarism by the exercise of pure reason and innately superior intellects. To his credit, Fagan avoids excessive moralizing in a context where a neutral academic perspective is difficult to maintain. Much of Clash of Cultures is well-travelled terrain, but Fagan's account is concise, thoughtful, and attractively illustrated with early drawings, photographs, and maps. Coe's third edition of this survey of Mexican prehistory, Mexico, is similar to his earlier editions in orientation, scope, and organization. No simulation models, Central Place concepts, or debates about archaeological epistemology intrude on this unapologetic culture history. But it is well written and reasonably current in terms of research reviewed. The book begins with the earliest evidences of human settlement in Mexico, ends with the Spanish Conquest, and treats most Mexican cultures except the Maya, whom Coe considers geographically marginal to ancient "Mexico" and worthy, in any case, of a book of their own. Coe reviews several controversial issues in the light of recent evidence, including the date of initial colonization of the Americas, the ancestry of domesticated maize (he still seems to prefer Mangelsdorf s hypothesis) and the factors responsible for the spread of Olmec artifact styles (he raises again the possibility of Olmec missionaries). Generally, his conclusions on these issues are much the same as described in previous editions of this book, but he does discuss some of the competing ideas. He also gives expanded coverage to recent research in Oaxaca, at Chalcatzingo, at San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan, and elsewhere. Although the text is organized by period and region, he manages to keep his discussion in a broad, comparative framework. Mexico is extremely well illustrated, with the illustrations placed in the body of the text, instead of at the end as they were in earlier editions. The book is also competently edited and constructed (it was printed and bound in Hungary), especially considering its modest cost.


We propose a new distributed amplifier design using a transmission-gate FET (TGFET) whose gate is embedded in the gate-artificial line. The new technique greatly simplifies the gate-artificial-line design, with no meandering or T-junction lines. The test TGFET distributed amplifier, using 0.1-μm-gate-length InP HEMT's showed a promising bandwidth performance of 100 GHz.


I was contacted in mid January of this year by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Reference Centre for Psychosocial Support to seewhether I was available for a four week mission to the Central African Republic, with the objective of supporting local Red Cross volunteers in their humanitarian work. The country was then at the centre of media attention as civil unrest had broken out in early December 2013, leading to deadly violence among civilian groups. I had seen pictures of Red Cross volunteers actively supporting recovery of the bodies of those killed, and I could easily imagine their involvement in caring for the wounded. The terms of reference pointed to the provision of immediate support to Central African Red Cross volunteers, to the development of coping strategies and management practices to promote stai and volunteer wellness. Additionally, I was asked to plan the deployment of psychosocial support (PSS) for the general public aiected by the unrest. Unusually, for the ¢rst time in my Red Cross career, a PSS1 deployment was the ¢rst line of service activated in the ¢eld. It was also impressive to anticipate working in the capital of Bangui, a city aiected by violent civil unrest. I agreed to the mission.


Objective To study the analysis of breast ultrasound and X ray photography reasonable application method in the census and the effect.Methods Aretrospective analysis of January 2008 to June 2012 year,our hospital for breast ultrasound and X-ray examination of the data from 1000 women,according to the test results of different patients were randomly divided into four groups,each group with kappa results on consistency check.Results X-ray photography and frankincense color Doppler ultrasound examination in group Ⅰ consistent result is relatively poor;comparison group Ⅱ patients examined consistent positive rate was significant;in group Ⅲ check consistency is poor,the positive rate had a significant difference;Ⅳ group examination results have good coherence,the positive rate showed no statistical significance.Conclusion Clinical breast examination,deal with solitary nodule underwent breast X examination combined with breast ultrasonography;bilateral breast symmetry of patients with hyperplasia of color Doppler ultrasound;breast ultrasound examination no abnormalities in patients with current.


It is 135 years after the 1883 volcano-triggered tsunami disaster, when Krakatau volcano became once more the source of a deadly tsunami striking without warning. We use data recorded on the ground and by satellite, to show that the volcano was in an elevated stage of activity throughout the year 2018, producing thermal anomalies associated with volcanic deposits, an increase of the island area and ground movement of the southwestern sector of the island towards the sea, increasing in June 2018. Following further intense activity on 22 December 2018, seismic data reveal the timing and duration when this sector collapsed. The landslide removed 102 million m³ of material subaerially, which was followed by ~15 minutes of phreatic explosions. This study allows better understanding of the complex hazard cascades, including precursory thermal anomalies, island growth and deformation, followed by sector collapse, tsunami waves, and finally explosive volcanic eruptions, and has important implications for designing early warning systems.


Copyright: © 2013 Gu H. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, which is characterized by a progressive and age-related chronic loss of neurons in extensive brain areas, such as cerebral cortex and hippocampus, one of the most prominent being the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN). In clinic, patients suffer from impairment of memory and cognitive function, language breakdown and eventually long-term memory loss. The burden of AD is heavy to patient's families and the whole society. The pathological findings of AD are senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal cell death. Senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are mainly consisted of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, which are formed by the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by βand γ-secretase. In the end, accumulation of Aβ peptides in neurons causes neuronal degeneration and cell death [1,2]. Although previous studies already showed the effects of Aβ peptides on cultured mammal neurons, how Aβ peptides affect human neurons, especially neurons from AD patients, are still not understood. On the other hand, although neurotrophic factors application, such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have showed functional recovery in animal model of AD and several drugs for the treatment of AD has been approved by FDA and have shown the improvement of cognitive function and memory of AD patient, it is still challenge to delay and reverse the neuronal degeneration and cell death [3-5].


The long time behavior of a logistic-type equation modeling the motion of cells is investigated. The equation we consider takes into account birth and death processes using a simple logistic effect as well as a nonlocal motion of cells using a nonlocal Darcy's law with regular kernel. Using the periodic framework we first investigate the well-posedness of the problem before deriving some information about its long time behavior. The lack of asymptotic compactness of the system is overcome by making use of the Young measure theory. This allows us to conclude that the semiflow converges for the Young measure topology.


RISK OF NSAIDS AND NSAID USE IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS veractive bladder (OAB) is a prominent syndrome that reportedly affects approximately 17% of women and 16% of men in the United States.1 However, these data likely underestimate the true prevalence of OAB because of underreporting due to patient embarrassment, lack of clinical data, and various definitions of OAB.2 OAB syndrome is defined by the International Continence Society as the occurrence of urinary urgency usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia with or without urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) in the absence of a known pathologic condition.3 Although OAB can affect people of all ages, the prevalence increases as the population ages and is anticipated to rise with the aging of the baby boomer generation.4,5 People with OAB report symptoms to be bothersome and such symptoms have a significant effect on activities of daily living, quality of life affecting social relationships, and self-esteem leading to embarrassment, anxiety, and depression.6 OAB is also associated with falls and debilitating injuries which can lead to fractures which increase morbidity, probability of death, and a substantial financial burden.7 Currently, antimuscarinics are the first-line drug therapy for OAB in combination with behavioral interventions. Antimuscarinics act by inhibiting the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic cholinergic receptors blocking actions of the parasympathetic nervous system which relaxes the bladder smooth muscle smooth reducing urinary urgency.8 These agents including oxybutynin, tolterodine, fesoterodine solifenacin, darifenacin, have proved to be the very effective in suppressing premature detrusor contractions, enhancing bladder storage, and relieving UUI symptoms and complications.2 In general, antimuscarinics are efficacious and well tolerated treatments that improve the healthrelated quality of life in patients affected by OAB. To date, no significant differences in efficacy have been observed between agents in this class.9 The most prominent anticholinergic effects of these drugs is xerostomia and constipation. However, many patients are unable to tolerate the associated adverse effects due to their lack of selectivity for the bladder. The discontinuation rate of antimuscarinics within the first 30 days of the first prescription period has been reported as high as 43-83%.10 Mirabegron: A Novel Treatment for Overactive Bladder