Charter schools are public schools that are funded by a per-person fee for each student they attract. They are freed from some regulations on school management but obey safety regulations, follow non-discrimination rules, participate in state testing, and choose students by lottery when they are oversubscribed. We investigate the impact of a group of schools that enroll most of Chicago's and many of Illinois'charter school students. The schools have more applicants than places. We use the "lotteriedout" students as a control group for the "lotteried-in" students because randomization makes the groups similar on unobservable characteristics, such as motivation, as well as on observable traits, such as race and prior achievement. We estimate both the e¤ect of attending charter schools (the treatment-on-the-treated e¤ect) and the e¤ect of being o¤ered the chance to attend a charter school (the intent-to-treat e¤ect). We show that, compared to their lotteried-out fellow applicants, students who apply to and attend charter schools starting in the elementary grades score about six national percentile rank points higher in both math and reading. These e¤ects are for students who have spent an average of two years in charter school. In the Chicago schools we investigate, students who apply in later grades are too rare for the random lotteries to generate balanced groups of charter school and regular public school students. We therefore do not have meaningful estimates for them. This study includes discussions of methods for dealing with lotteries, pre-lottery information, re-application to charter schools, siblings, attrition, and grade-of-entry e¤ects. We also compare the results from the lottery method with results from value-added analysis and demonstrate the latter results are nonrepresentative and problematic.


Summary 1. Rauwolfia vomitoria root fed to cattle at levels of 5, 25 and 125 mg per head per day improved growth rate and feed efficiency. Best results were obtained with the 25 mg level. Hydroxyzine fed to cattle at levels of 1.25, 2.5, 10, 50 and 500 mg per head per day improved growth with best results at 1.25 and 10 mg per head per day. 2. Wether lambs fed rations containing hydroxyzine at levels of 0.24, 1.2, 6.0 and 30.0 g per ton, or Rauwolfia, 3.0 g per ton, responded to all supplements. Optimum growth was obtained with a level of as low as 1.2 g per ton of hydroxyzine and 3.0 g per ton of Rauwolfia.


17 preschool children, who had been previously identified as having notable delays or difficulties with development, participated in a remedial nursery school program. Each child spent an average of 9 mo. in the program during which he received individualized instruction and treatment for specific problems. Parental involvement was encouraged, and enrichment activities were emphasized throughout the course of the program. Comparison of participant's pre- and post-program Stanford-Binet IQs showed a significant increase on completion of the remediation.


Viscous dampers have widely proved their effectiveness in mitigating the effects of the seismic action upon building structures. In view of the large impact that use of such dissipative devices is already having and would most likely have soon in earthquake engineering applications, this article presents a practical procedure for the seismic design of building structures equipped with viscous dampers, which aims at providing practical tools for an easy identification of the mechanical characteristics of the manufactured viscous dampers which allow to achieve target levels of performances. Selected numerical applications are developed with reference to simple, but yet relevant, cases.


A supply chain brings a competitive advantage and many benefits for its node enterprises, but at the same time it brings some risks. This paper introduces a supply chain risk assessment of manufacturing enterprises, and analyses the supply chain risk of manufacturing enterprises based on existing literature and research results. This paper presents the supply chain risk evaluation index system and does practical analysis.


Current research in verbal behavior has been retarded by a shortage of calibrated verbal materials of a sufficient variety and quantity. An increasing recognition of this need has led several recent investigators to attempt to provide such material. Some of these have involved no more than the reevaluation ' of previously calibrated material (Archer, 1960; Trapp & Kausler, 1959). However, most workers have introduced either new types of material to be


This paper puts forward the hypothesis that Yeats's theatre is affected by a determinist component that governs it. This dependence is held to be the natural consequence of his desire to create a universal art, a wish that confines the writer to a limited number of themes, death and old age being the most important. The paper also argues that the determinism is positive in the early stage but that it clearly evolves towards a negative kind. In spite of the playwright's acknowledged interest in doctrines related to the occult, the necessity of a more critical analysis is also put forward. The paper goes on to suggest that underlying the negative determinism of Yeats's late period there is a nihilistic view of life, of life after death and even of the work of art. The paper concludes by arguing that the poet may have exaggerated his pose as a response to his admitted inability to change the modern world and as a means of overcoming his sense of impending annihilation.


Under the new situation, the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen ideological and moral construction and promote patriotic education activities. As the intellectual support of the development of the times, college students should strengthen patriotic education activities so that college students can accurately grasp the concept of patriotic education. And consciously practice patriotic education activities, cultivate patriotic feelings, enhance the patriotic awareness of college students, and cultivate a new generation of young people with a high degree of patriotism. Based on this, this article mainly starts from the current patriotic education of college students, analyzes the current problems of patriotic education, and proposes corresponding optimization measures, so as to promote the patriotic education of our country.


Investigating constructions of equations by Gou gu shu(勾股術) in Hong Jung Ha(洪正夏)'s GuIlJib(九一集), Nam Byung Gil(南秉吉)'s YuSiGuGoSulYoDoHae(劉氏勾股術要圖解) and Lee Sang Hyuk(李尙爀)'s ChaGeunBangMongGu(借根方蒙求), we study the history of development of Chosun mathematics. We conclude that Hong's greatest results have not been properly transmitted and that they have not contributed to the development of Chosun mathematics.


Business Service Level Agreements (BSLAs) are introduced as a generalised concept to agree on feasibility and workload of business processes hosted in service-oriented architectures as an alternative to technical SLA. Based on BSLAs an according approach to control feasibility at runtime is presented.


During the etherification of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-4,6-di-O-benzyl myo-inositol, the specific regioselectivity on 3- or 5-hydroxyl group was showed to be determined by the nature of the O- alkylating agents used. As demonstrated by MM and MNDO calculation, the regioselectivity of the reaction mentioned can be rationalized by steric and/or electronic effect.


We report a development of a novel localized nanodelivery system featuring an enhanced targeted and controlled paclitaxel (PTX) delivery to epithelial and neuroectodermal origin tumor cells. The presented drug delivery system consists of a chitosan hydrogel embedded with PTX loaded non-ionic surfactant vesicles (PTX-niosomes) and chlorotoxin (CTX). We found a higher accumulation of chitosan on the surface of ovarian epithelial carcinoma cells known to overexpress MUC1 antigen as compared to normal ovarian epithelial cells. We therefore hypothesized that besides serving as a localized drug delivery platform, chitosan hydrogel can actively target MUC1 overexpressing tumor cells. To further improve the tumor-specific delivery of PTX, we have incorporated CTX, a 36-amino acid peptide, which binds to tumor cells of neuroectodermal origin, but not to non-transformed cells. Using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) assay, we have measured the in-vitro release profiles of PTX from chitosan hydrogel embedded with PTX-niosomes and CTX. We have assessed the morphology of CTX and PTX-nisomes as well as chitosan hydrogel embedded with PTX-niosomes and CTX using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). We have used Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infra-Red (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the possible molecular interactions between chitosan hydrogel and various tumor cells. To better understand the mechanism involved in interactions between chitosan and specific tumor cells, we have developed a new Cell based Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Cell ELISA) allowing us to quantify the expression level of MUC1 in epithelial and neuroectodermal origin tumor cells. Our Cell ELISA results revealed higher expression level of MUC1 (around 1.5 fold) in ovarian epithelial carcinoma cell line (OV2008) when compared to normal ovarian epithelial cell line (MCC3). The ATR-FTIR results showed a specific interaction of chitosan with OV2008 cells implying the mucoadhesive property of chitosan and its potential in targeting of MUC1 overexpressing tumor cells. We observed a sustained PTX release from chitosan hydrogel embedded with PTX-niosomes ( Citation Format: Rana Falahat, Eva Williams, Marzenna Wiranowska, Ryan Toomey, Norma Alcantar. Enhanced targeted delivery of paclitaxel to tumor cells of epithelial and neuroectodermal origin using chlorotoxin-chitosan nanodelivery system. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3677. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3677


We studied the propagation of Rayleigh waves at regional distances in central Asia using a combination of array processing techniques and surface wave analysis. We present results from the detailed analysis of three representative events recorded by a 10-station, broadband network that has been running in the central Asian country of Kyrgyzstan since 1991: an Ms = 5.1 event near Ashkhabad, Turkmenistan; an Ms = 5.8 event in south central Tibet; and the October 7, 1994, nuclear explosion at Lop Nor. We find there is a remarkable difference in the propagation characteristics of surface waves along these three paths. The path from the event in Turkmenistan is simple and is well approximated by propagation through a laterally homogeneous medium. Array processing shows the entire Rayleigh wave train stacks coherently and arrives from an azimuth close to that predicted by a great circle path. Furthermore, estimates of dispersion curves and fundamental mode signals determined for individual stations show little variation across the array. The Tibet and Lop Nor paths are completely different. We find strong evidence for complicated multipathing and scattering effects along both of these paths. We observe a three-stage pattern in the Tibet case: (1) the early, lowest-frequency part of the Rayleigh wave packet arrives as a coherent signal from close to the great circle path azimuth; (2) this is overpowered in the period range around 20 s by a strong multipath signal that propagates across the array from a much more southerly azimuth; and (3) periods below 20 s rapidly become incoherent, and the signal does not have a well-defined direction of propagation. The Lop Nor path shows similar complexity. On this path there is little dispersion for measurable periods greater than 10 s, so the low-frequency energy arrives in an Airy phase. The Airy phase stacks somewhat coherently (it stacks, but significant power is lost in the best beam), and slowness analysis shows it arrives from an azimuth 14° north of the great circle path azimuth. Like the Tibet event, the direction of propagation of the shorter periods cannot be resolved. These results are consistent with crustal structure in central Asia. The multipathing and scattering from the Tibet and Lop Nor events are not surprising given these waves propagate across highly variable crust and high topography resulting from the collision of India with Eurasia. The relative simplicity of the Turkmenistan event path reinforces this as almost all of that path traverses the relatively undeformed Turan platform of Uzbekistan.


Introduction Accurate blood glucose measurements are important in persons with diabetes during normal daily activities (NDA), even more so during exercise. We aimed to investigate the performance of fluorescence sensor-based and glucose oxidase-based interstitial glucose measurement during (intensive) exercise and NDA. Research design and methods Prospective, observational study in 23 persons with type 1 diabetes when mountain biking for 6 days, followed by 6 days of NDA. Readings of the Eversense (fluorescence-based continuous glucose monitoring (CGM); subcutaneously implanted) and of the Free Style Libre (FSL; glucose oxidase-based flash glucose monitoring (FGM); transcutaneously placed) were compared with capillary glucose levels (Free Style Libre Precision NeoPro strip (FSLCstrip)). Results Mean average differences (MAD) and mean average relative differences (MARD) were significantly different when comparing exercise with NDA (reference FSLCstrip); Eversense MAD 25±19 vs 17±6 mg/dL (p<0.001); MARD 17±6 vs 13%±6% (p<0.01) and FSL MAD 32±17 vs 18±8 mg/dL (p<0.01); MARD 20±7 vs 12%±5% (p<0.001). When analyzing the data according to the Integrated Continuous Glucose Monitoring Approvals (class II–510(K) guidelines), the overall performance of interstitial glucose readings within 20% of the FSLCstrip during exercise compared with NDA was 69% vs 81% for the Eversense and 59% vs 83% for the FSL, respectively. Within 15% of the FSLCstrip was 59% vs 70% for the Eversense and 46% vs 71% for the FSL. Conclusions During exercise, both fluorescence and glucose oxidase-based interstitial glucose measurements (using Eversense and FSL sensors) were less accurate compared with measurements during NDA. Even when acknowledging the beneficial effects of CGM or FGM, users should be aware of the risk of diminished accuracy of interstitial glucose readings during (intensive) exercise.


UPCOMING EVENTS
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The paper discusses a foraging model which accomplishes coordination obliged tasks. This is done through communication techniques and by learning from and about other agents in a confined, previously unseen environment. A new reinforcement learning technique, Q-Learning with search has been proposed. It is shown to boost the convergence of optimal paths learnt by the agents as compared to traditional QLearning. Different foraging tasks are solved requiring varying degree of collective and individual efforts using the new proposed mechanism. The model enables us to characterize the ability of agents to solve complex foraging tasks rapidly and effectively.


We use the zero-temperature random-field Ising model to study hysteretic behavior at first-order phase transitions. Sweeping the external field through zero, the model exhibits hysteresis, the return-point memory effect, and avalanche fluctuations. There is a critical value of disorder at which a jump in the magnetization (corresponding to an infinite avalanche) first occurs. We study the universal behavior at this critical point using mean-field theory, and also present results of numerical simulations in three dimensions.


A man is useless after 40 and is a candidate for chloroform after 60. That, in effect, was the pronouncement of William Osler in 1905 in his farewell to Johns Hopkins to become Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford. Most took it as a jeu d'esprit in the manner of his Baltimore fellow townsman Mencken, but others countered seriously, citing ancients who never ceased to achieve. This episode led to proposals to clear the way for the youthfully creative (ages 25-40), among others Carnegie's Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, which would retire elderly academics. Admiral Dewey warned that we would lose in a naval war unless senior officers were ushered from quarterdecks. The economic pinch of 1907 plus the gospel of scientific management produced discharge slips for some long-time employees in federal service. With this reminiscence Graebner opens his diligent, illuminating history of older people in the last century who &dquo;have been used to service the needs of; larger and more powerful elements of the population.&dquo; In intimate command of the evidence, fully documented, little escapes his exploration in all quarters. Nor does he omit to give spirited interpretation of the materials, offering informed judgments that persuade assent. The subject of &dquo;senior citizens&dquo; demands attention to a host of variables in American society. The three generations under scrutiny have brought multifarious change, mainly gradual but abrupt in later depression and wartime. Improved health and the aging of the population are overall conditions. Technological advance, the shorter workday, tightened competition, corporate business, state capitalism, welfare legislation, growth of labor organization,


Abstract This study evaluates potential sources of errors in k-NN(k-nearest neighbor) algorithm such as procedures, variables, and input data. Previous research has been thoroughly reviewed for understanding fundamentals of k-NN algorithm that has been widely used for short-term traffic states prediction. The framework of this algorithm commonly includes historical data smoothing, pattern database, similarity measure, k-value, and prediction horizon. The outcomes of this study suggests that: i) historical data smoothing is recommended to reduce random noise of measured traffic data; ii) the historical database should contain traffic state information on both normal and event conditions; and iii) trial and error method can improve the prediction accuracy by better searching for the optimum input time series and k-value. The study results also demonstrates that predicted error increases with the duration of prediction horizon and rapidly changing traffic states. Keywords: event condition, historical data, k-nearest neighbor, short-term prediction, real-time data


In this thesis, a kind of electronic voting plan based on homomorphic commitment verifiable secret sharing is posed through the combined research on electronic voting and security multi-party computation. This plan applies homomorphic commitment technology which is characterized by two-way authentication during agreement implementation process and can distinguish the dishonest voters and counting mechanisms, and thus, security and impartiality of voting are guaranteed well.


In present investigation, emolliating effect of mixed antioxidants therapy in the recovery of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in animals intoxicated with methylmercury has been discussed. Three month old male albino mice (inbred strain) were divided into 11 groups (n6). One group was maintained as control and rest 10 groups were injected methylmercury subcutaneously as a daily dose of 1 mg/kg body weight for 7 days. Out of these two groups were considered as mercury intoxicated groups (one sacrificed on 8 th day and the second on 15 th day with out further intoxication). Rest of the 8 groups were used for therapeutic study. The animals were provided daily therapy for next seven days with vitamins (B complex and E), N- acetyl-DL-homocysteine thiolactone (NAHT) and glutathione (GSH) either alone or in combinations. Study shows significant recovery of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes (fructose 1,6-diphosphatase, glucose- 6- phosphate dehydrogenase, 6- Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH),in various tissues (brain, spinal cord, kidney, liver) of mice inhibited by methylmercury . Further , mixed therapy of antioxidants is much more advantageous.


This paper presents a transformer winding fault diagnosis and prognosis method based on self-powered radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor tag. The proposed RFID sensor tag, which consists of RFID tag, power management circuit, MCU, and accelerometer, can acquire the vibration signals of transformer winding from the tank by accelerometer, and then wirelessly transmit the signals to the RFID reader. An inductive energy harvester utilizing surrounding magnetic field is optimized as power supply for the proposed sensor tag, including the MCU and the accelerometer. A customized ac–dc converter together with a low-dropout voltage regulator is designed to provide stable dc voltage for the proposed sensor tag. The RFID reader compiles the data from all the RFID sensor tags and then transmits them to the remote monitoring software which is developed to display the diagnosis results and alert messages. The experimental results show that the proposed energy harvester can provide 197- $\mu \text{w}$  power in a 50-Hz magnetic field, and the ac–dc converter is capable of providing 2.5-V dc voltage to power the circuitry. The measured maximum power consumption of the proposed sensor tag is 147  $\mu \text{w}$ . Furthermore, the achieved reliable communication distance is 13 m in the test scenario. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in term of the diagnosis and prognosis of transformer winding.


This essay aims to analyze the violation of the CP in the soap opera The Big Bang Theory,in which humorous effect is perfectly achieved by heros'obeying and violating CP smartly.This is one of the most distinctive characteristics to make The Big Bang Theory a success.


Indonesia is an agricultural country and one of the world's rice-producing countries. However, the increase in population has pushed for the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural purposes. Solok is a district with the largest paddy field area in West Sumatra. Yet, the increase in population has resulted in a decrease in paddy fields every year. This study aimed to determine the model for changing the area of paddy fields for the 2000-2020 period and determine the direction of sustainable agricultural policies. In defining the paddy field change model, this research uses the input data from the interpretation of 2000 Landsat 5 imagery, 2010 Landsat 7 imagery, and 2020 Landsat Oli 8 imagery. The data were analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS). This research employed the Powersim Software with a system dynamics approach in projecting rice production and demand. This research used Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis to determine the direction of sustainable food policy. The results showed that there had been a conversion of 13,801.6 hectares of paddy agricultural land into a built-up area in the 2000-2020 period in Solok District. In 2020, Solok District supplied 2,838 thousand tons of rice, while the demand for rice was 446.3 thousand tons. In the direction of the sustainable agriculture policy, there are three key sub-elements; tightening land use permits, establishing and implementing spatial planning regulations, and consistency in enforcing spatial planning violation laws.


According to the abrasion of hydraulic machinery,the abrasion mechanism is studied by the views of erosion and cavitation.Based on the summarizing the anti-abrasion experience of power stations,the measures,namely reasonable layout of water conservancy,optimizing the unit configuration and operating parameters,using new materials and processing methods,are used to anti abrasion,and analyzes the various anti abrasion technology advantage.And then the new technology of abrasion technique are discussed,such as the metal surfacing,non-metallic coating,alloy powder spray welding and high speed flame spraying technology.At the end,the forecast to the research and development of anti-wear hydraulic machinery are carried on,and using new materials,new technology are the main direction of development for anti-abrasion of hydraulic machinery.


Involving computer programming in primary school is an urgent issue in many countries, and in Sweden this should be done during 2018. In Mathematics this will a rapid and mandatory process for teac ...


From the engineering design of the specific problems,this paper focuses on electricity load,time to start power supply and configuration in the selection of diesel generators,and site selection,arrange and fire control.This paper provides a reference for related personnel engaged in the selection of diesel generators and the design of power rooms.


The purpose is to propose the structure models of chain to chain competition, and disclose the impact of price competition and service competition and cost of service on the vertical structure choice. Furthermore, we characterized the vertical structure difference of service cost varying from high to medium and low level. The results suggested that, firstly, in the low cost service industries, service competition was more critical to vertical structure choice than price competition. Second, in the medium cost service industries, service competition and price competition were both important to vertical structure choice. Finally, in high cost service industries, price competition are more critical to vertical structure choice.


Abstract Foliar fertilization with micronutrients and amino acids (AAs) has been used to increase the grain yield and quality of different crops. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Zn and AAs foliar application on physiological parameters, nutritional status, yield components and grain yield of wheat-soybean intercropping under a no-till management. We used a randomized block experimental design consisting of eight treatments and four replicates. The treatments were five Zn rates (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 kg ha−1) and 2 L ha−1 of AAs and three additional treatments: a control (without the Zn or AA application), 2 kg ha−1 Zn and 2 kg ha−1 Zn + 1 L AA. The treatments were applied by spraying during the final elongation stage and at the beginning of pre-earing for the wheat and in growth stage V6 for the soybean for two crop years in a Typic Oxisol (860 g kg−1 clay). Zinc foliar fertilization increased the wheat grain Zn concentrations. The Zn rates and AA foliar fertilization in soil with did not affect the physiological parameters, nutrient status or yield components. The AA application at the different concentrations tested changed the soybean grain yield and the leaf N concentration. The results suggest that Zn and amino acids application increases the grains Zn concentration in the wheat, being an important strategy to agronomic biofortification.


The shape equation of cylindrical surfaces for lipid bilayer membranes expressed by the Gaussian maps of their cross sections is given. General cylindrical surface solution has been obtained for the case of \ensuremath{\Delta}p=0. This is the first case found that can be solved for the general shape equation. With this solution we show two kinds of periodic surface solutions to the general shape equation for fluid bilayer membranes. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.


Abstract Trialkylphosphine Oxide (TRPO), which was utilized as the extractant of the TRPO process, is degraded by γ irradiation, and the radiolytic products produced lead to retention of heavy metal ions. The radiolytic products, especially the polymeric ones (or high molecular weight products, HMP), were studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). The ESI‐MS profiles of the various TRPO systems were correlated with the retention of plutonium of the irradiated various systems, and the molecular weights of the HMP were determined. In addition, the structure of the HMP was further studied with tandem mass spectrometry and FT‐IR detection, and their other properties were researched. Based on this information, the structure of the HMP was speculated.


This paper proposed a kind of intelligent driving module based on the requirements of high pressure common rail fuel injection system. Many functions of this module were designed such as current multiply holding , boosting and energy recovering. This module occupies less microcontroller resources and makes injectors solenoid valve pull more smoothly. The experimental results show that the solenoid valves peak current can achieve to 20A within 0.1 ms and the storage capacitys potential was not changed significantly. This intelligent driving module could achieve the requirements of high pressure common rail driving circuit.


The present invention discloses a system IPTV systems and methods third-party audio and video content to upload, to the field of IPTV value-added services. The system includes a value-added service management system, a third party for scheduling audiovisual content; streaming server for storing streaming media audio and video content; audiovisual content intermediate server for storing audio and video content; service processor for processing audio and video content information; service interface unit for communication with the value-added service management system; the method comprising the steps of: managing VAS audiovisual content will be uploaded to an intermediate server audiovisual content; to redistribute the streaming server; business machine Interface regularly check and update the publishing status and third-party audio and video content. The present invention is implemented in an IPTV system to upload third-party audio and video content, to facilitate third party access IPTV system, fully carry out involving audio and video content value-added services.


P ulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is an uncommon, chronic lung disease [1] characterized by deposits of calcium within the alveoli of both lungs [2-4]. The etiology and pathogenesis are still unknown [2, 4]. The disease is an autosomal recessive derivation predominantly affecting females [ 1 , 2]. PAM is usually diagnosed with the help of a chest radiograph. Its appearance on a chest radiograph has been adequately described and is pathognomonic in children and in adults [1, 2, 5, 6]. The clinical findings are less apparent in children, and chest radiograph findings are subtle [I, 2, 6]. High-resolution CT has proven superior to chest radiography in diagnosing several lung diseases in adults and in children [6-9]. In adults, high-resolution CT showed better the extent and the severity of PAM [7, 8]; however, to our knowledge, the high-resolution CT characteristics of PAM in children have not been reported adequately. The aim of this report was to describe the radiographic findings of this rare disorder with particular attention to the features provided by high-resolution CT. Case Reports A 31-year-old woman diagnosed with PAM was the index case for our study [8]. Because the disease is an autosomal recessive derivation [2, 6], to determine whether there were unknown cases in the patient's family, clinical examinations and chest radiographs were obtained of her relatives. Thirty-four members of this family were evaluated (22 females, 12 males; age range, 1 .5-83 years old). In addition to the index case [8], two more asymptomatic patients with PAM were detected: case 1, a 13-yearold boy, and case 2, a 6-year-old girl. In case 1 , the diagnosis of PAM was based on an open lung biopsy. Because of the positive family history and characteristic features of PAM on the chest radiograph and on highresolution CT, no open lung biopsy was required to confirm the diagnosis in case 2. In both cases, pulmonary function tests, blood gas analysis, echocardiography, and high-resolution CT were performed within 2 weeks. A CT scan was performed on both children with the patients in supine position: a Somatom Plus (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) was used for the first patient and a Tomoscan (Philips, Best, The Netherlands) was used for the second. Imaging parameters were as follows: scan time, 1 see; section thickness, 1.5 mm; and intervals, 15 mm. Images were reconstructed with a high-spatial-frequency algorithm for pulmonary analysis. In both patients, chest radiographs revealed diffuse, ground-glass opacifications as described previously [1, 2, 5, 6] in both lungs fields and faint sandlike opacities at the lung bases that partially obscured cardiac and diaphragmatic silhouettes (Figs. 1A and 2A). In case 2, the left cardiac outline was visible as a fine radiodense line indicative of pleural calcification (Fig. 2A). On chest radiographs, neither of the two patients showed evidence of a black pleura line described in the literature [2, 8]. High-resolution CT revealed diffuse, ground-glass opacities throughout both lungs with scattered micronodular calcific densities in both cases. In case 1, the calcific densities were more pronounced than in case 2. These densities in case 1 were sometimes confluent in the posterior and inferior areas of the mid-


Background: Skill integration is vital in students' mastery development and is especially prominent in developing code tracing skills which are foundational to programming, an increasingly important area in the current STEM education. However, instructional design to support skill integration in learning technologies has been limited. Objectives: The current work presents the development and empirical evaluation of instructional design targeting students' difficulties in code tracing particularly in integrating component skills in the Trace Table Tutor (T3), an intelligent tutoring system. Methods: Beyond the instructional features of active learning, step-level support, and individualized problem selection of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), the instructional design of T3 (e.g., hints, problem types, problem selection) was optimized to target skill integration based on a domain model where integrative skills were represented as combinations of component skills. We conducted an experimental study in a university-level introductory Python programming course and obtained three findings. Results and Conclusions: First, the instructional features of the ITS technology support effective learning of code tracing, as evidenced by significant learning gains (medium-to-large effect sizes). Second, performance data supports the existence of integrative skills beyond component skills. Third, an instructional design focused on integrative skills yields learning benefits beyond a design without such focus, such as improving performance efficiency (medium-to-large effect sizes). Major Takeaways: Our work demonstrates the value of designing for skill


The objective of the research is to find out whether or not there is an improvement
of students' speaking ability after being taught through jigsaw task and to identify
the students' response after being taught trough jigsaw task. The population of the
research is the class IX b odd semester in academic year of 2012/2013 and one
class is taken as the sample. The sample is selected using simple probably
sampling trough lottery drawing.
This is a quantitative study using one group pretest – posttest design. This
research was conducted in 5 meetings for three weeks. The pretest was conducted
before the treatment and posttest was conducted after the treatment. In this
research the writer focuses on speaking ability in forms of interpersonal dialogue.
11The result of pretest and posttest shows that the total gained score of the
students' speaking ability improvement was 504 which the gain score increased
from 2088 to 2592. In other words, it is known that their gain score improved
24.14%. Besides, the researcher found that the mean score of students' speaking
ability increased from 61.41 in pretest to 76.23 in posttest or it can be said that the
improvement of the students' speaking ability is 14. 81%. Furthermore, it is found
that the highest mean score improvement of each aspect of speaking from the
pretest to the posttest was "grammar" where its gained score improvement was
3.88%. In the other hand, the hypothesis test shows the value of two tail
significant is p=0.000 in which the significant improvement is determined by
p<0.05. an other words, H is approved if sig <p. the result shows 0.00 significant
levels. Besides, it is also found that jigsaw task has been responded well by the
students. This finding is supported by the students' response from the questioner.
From the result, there were 96,6% students give positive respond toward jigsaw
task and 3.4% give negative respond. The students felt that jigsaw task technique
helped them to understand the expression easily.
Therefore, it was concluded that jigsaw task could significantly improve students
speaking ability especially in the aspect of grammar. And the students give
positive response towards the implementation of teaching speaking through
jigsaw task.
Key words:Jigsaw task,Improving, Speaking ability, Students response.


The videophone system and a linkage connecting the lobby phone and generation videophone is started. Video phone system that connects the lobby phone, and three video phone in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is disposed in cavity entrance of a building to be sent out to the calling of the input voice and the captured image position lobby phone; The available voice call to the call from the lobby phone, and is disposed corresponding to each call location to display the image taken at the lobby phone, it corresponds to the device-specific ID setting a plurality of possible video phone call for each position; It is placed in a building to transmit data between a lobby phone, and a plurality of video phone, a data line having a connectable contact period; Lobby phone, and is disposed in a building corresponding to a plurality of video phone to transmit a video signal between a plurality of video phone, a plurality of video signal lines with connectable contact period; And lobby and a phone and a plurality of video in the siphon the data lines and data lines to connect to the respective contact sections of the plurality of video signal lines and the plurality of interlock in which an image signal line is connected to the device.


Social Constructivism claims that learning is constructed during the interaction between people and the environment. The rapid development of the Internet and mobile technologies provide students with an ideal learning environment for such interaction. Therefore, Mobile learning should be integrated into traditional language teaching. In tertiary EFL settings, oral English is often considered a skill students want to develop most. The paper explores one possible model of integrating Mobile Learning into college oral English teaching through a mobile teaching APP called "Mosotech". A three-stage teaching process is designed and carried out in this integration model. The end-of-term evaluation shows about 83% of students rated this integration as Very Helpful and Helpful. Suggestions are put forward on better implementation of this blended oral English teaching.


Abstract : The diffusion studies in the present report period have emphasized the experimental determination of interdiffusion at lower temperatures ( 450 C) and the modeling of the defect chemistry of Mercury Cadmium Telluride in order to explain both interdiffusion results and the electrical behavior of MCT. In addition, there is continuing progress on the tracer diffusion studies in MCT. In the crystal growth portion of the program, most of the effort has been devoted to the analysis of previous work. Thishas resulted in the submission of four papers to Journals for review. Work continues on the experimental study of isothermal liquid phase epitaxy (ISOLPE) and on electrochemical studies.


I would like to focus attention first on three major and immediate problem areas inherent in any testing system and then to discuss to a limited extent a major problem, generally not discussed, involved in the elucidation of the meaningfulness of any test system for human health and welfare. The three problem areas I wish to discuss first are: (1) the toxic agent-the suspect compound; (2) the target-the tissue likely to develop the toxic response; and (3) the time factors involved in test systems. There are three questions that must be asked regarding the toxic agent. What chemical is the toxic agent? How much of that agent is present? How long is that agent present? These questions must be asked whether one is doing an experiment on Neurospora, on human cells in vitro, on laboratory animals, individually on man, or on the human population. In more classical terminology, the question of the identity of the agent refers to studies on metabolic alterations of the compounds by cellular activity. The question of amount or concentration of agent is the function of not only the metabolism but also the distribution and the


A method for the simultaneous determination of fifteen kinds of rare earth elements in tea leaves by ICP-AES with extraction-separation using benzene solution of 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone was established.The disturbance of matrix will be eliminated.The factors such as the pretreatment method of samples,and the condition of extraction-separation were studied.The recoveries of the method were between 92.3% and 112%.The relative standard deviation was lower than 2.5%.Under the optimum conditions,tea leaf standard sample(GBW07605) was determined.As a result,the contents of rare earth elements in tea leaf standard sample were equal to their reference values.The method is sensitive,fast and accurate,which can be used widely for the determination of rare earth elements in tea leaves.


This paper deals with the numerical modelling of corona discharges induced by electrohydrodynamic actuators. A specific numerical method is proposed and discussed to compute the multiscale nature observed in the modelling of corona discharges. The idea consists in a domain decomposition of the computational domain where each subdomain is described with a specific modelling well adapted to the phenomenon expected. Numerical results and comparisons on a wire-to-wire corona are shown and illustrate the ability of the multiscale method.


The method was provided based on component,an information fusion system was stable,reusable,replantable.A universal idea of design was given for information fusion system which has been in pre-research.Meanwhile,the analysis and design of simple instance was given.Theory and practice have proved that it solved the defects of traditional software upgrading methods caused by software technology's rapid development,and is helpful to standardize the design develop of information fusion system.


Earthquake-resistant structure systems should be designed to stand large deformation to absorb and attenuate imposed energy due to an earthquake while providing sufficient stiffness to transfer the forces to the base without collapse. Knee Braced Frames (KBF), which involves added additional diagonal elements to a frame to increase its ability to withstand lateral loads, is suggested by several researches. In this study, the seismic performance of KBFs are evaluated and compared with Eccentric Braced Frames (EBF). Nonlinear static analyses were utilized for seismic evaluation and comparison between the mentioned frame systems. Three steel structures of 5, 10, and 15-story were numerically modeled, and the seismic parameters such as lateral stiffness, inter-story drift, ductility, and response modification factors were calculated for each structure system. It was observed that using KBF systems resulted in a reduction in intersotry drifts compared to EBFs. KBF systems show more stiff responses in comparison with EBFs and they presented much more stiff response by reducing the knee element length. The KBFs have more ductile behavior in comparison with EBFs, although base shear in KBFs is less than EBFs.


While some sequential electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, known as tandem/domino/cascade reactions, have been reported for the construction of aromatic single skeletons, one of the most interesting and challenging possibilities remains the one-pot build-up of a complex aromatic molecule from multiple starting components, i.e., ultimately multi-component electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. In this work, we show how tuning of the leaving group ability of phenolate derivatives from carbamates and esters provides a way to successively generate multiple unmasked electrophiles in a controlled manner in one pot, simply by varying the temperature. Here, we demonstrate the autonomous formation of up to three bonds in one pot and formation of two bonds arising from a three-component electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. This result provides a proof-of-concept of our strategy applicable for the self-directed construction of complex aromatic structures from multiple simple molecules, which can be a potential avenue to realize multi-component electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.


We developed a novel non-destructive and non-contact method for the measurement of critical current density (Jc) using a permanent magnet. A high-temperature superconductor (HTS) thin-film was fixed on the stage of the system and a small cylindrical permanent magnet (Sm2Co17) was set above the HTS film. The repulsive force (Fr) and attractive force between the small magnet and HTS film were measured by a high-resolution load sensor changing the distance (L) between the HTS film and the magnet. The maximum repulsive force (Fm) could be estimated from an experimental result of the Fr vs. L curve. We investigated the relationship of Jc to Fm in several HTS samples. The standard Jc of the HTS films was determined using the inductive measurement system made from THEVA GmbH. We found that the Jc is approximately proportional to the Fm normalized by the film thickness. This result indicates that the permanent magnet technique can easily estimate the Jc of HTS films. We also found that the system can measure Jc with sufficient reproducibility and in a short time. Moreover, it was checked to confirm that Jc mapping of a YBCO thin film could be also measured.


This study investigated the direct effect relationships between work-family conflict, perceived gender discrimination or stereotyping and, insufficient training and career development towards working mother's career progression at a government sectors in Kuching.
Furthermore, this study also investigated the effect of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) as a moderator on the relationships between independent variables and dependent variable. This study was a quantitative research and carried out using a questionnaires survey.
A total of 76 questionnaires were usable and returned out of 160 questionnaires distributed to the selected government sectors in Kuching. This study revealed that there was existed a high belief of POS among working mothers in selected government sectors in Kuching. The
findings also showed inverse relationship between work-family conflict, perceived gender discrimination or stereotyping, insufficient training and career development with working mother's career progression. In addition, the findings also revealed that POS can lower the effect of work-family conflict and, insufficient training and career development with working
mother's career progression. In contrast, POS was not acts as a moderator in the relationship between perceived gender discrimination or stereotyping and working mother's career success in this study. These findings contradicted with findings by Gary and Donna (2000) as well as Gutek, Cohen and Tsui (1996). It showed that working mother's in selected government sectors in Kuching had perceived high organizational support, but they still perceived gender discrimination or stereotyping. Thus, POS was crucial for working mother's career progression. Therefore, both human resource practitioners and managers of the government sectors should work together to maximize organizational support by focus on organizational governance in term of its policies and practices that could facilitate working mother's career progression.


From "The Hunan Newspaper" to "TAKUNG Pao",modern Hunan media in a period opened a relative independent and free loose "public sphere".In this field,there were not only had the advanced modern enlightenment intellectuals,and yet because this area showed great openness to more people,thus truly become the "sphere" of "public".Two daily newspaper would be averted for advanced women enlightenment intellectuals and ordinary people to open the "public sphere",it was made modern enlightenment in Hunan got unprecedented success in the field of women enlightenment.


In the identification of normal and abnormal traffic flows, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is commonly used to extract spatial features of network traffic at present. However, its limitation is that the one-dimensional form of traffic flow data needs to be converted into two-dimensional form, without considering the potential spatial correlation between traffic flows. In view of the potential correlation between network traffic flows, this paper proposes a classification method based on graph convolution and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM). First, perform data preprocessing on the traffic flow data, then use the graph convolutional network to extract the spatial features of spatial topology and use LSTM to extract its temporal features. Finally, the performance of the algorithm is evaluated on the sampled UNSW-NB15 data set. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively extract the potential features of network traffic data. Compared with other methods such as feature selection, bidirectional LSTM (BiDLSTM) and CNN-LSTM, it proves the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and performs better in classification performance.


This paper presents a new class of bivariate distributions with Pareto of Marshall-Olkin type. The approach in this paper uses a shock model to derive a class of positively quadrant dependent of bivariate distributions with Pareto. Further this class generalizes the bivariate Pareto distributions which obtained by Muliere and Scarsini (1987). The dependence structure and main other properties of the bivariate distributions with Pareto are investigated. The difference among the dependent and independent cases of bivariate Pareto distributions is discussed.


PRISON HEALTH services are to be transferred to the NHS over the next five years, the Home Office and the Department of Health announced last week.


Yields of both determinate and indeterminate dry edible beans increased as rows were more closely spaced. Seeding rate within the limits tested had little effect on
yield.There was no significant interaction between row spacing and seeding rate.


Wireless mesh network, a new wireless broadband access technology, is currently attracting significant attention. This work proposes a distributed medium access protocol, named Ripple, for wireless mesh networks (WMNs) under tree topology. In contrast to existing random-access approaches, Ripple uses a controlled-access approach to protect nodes from unintentional packet collisions and maximize the spatial reuse. The performance of Ripple under an error-free channel was investigated and the accuracy of the analysis was verified by simulation. Simulation results also indicated that Ripple achieved throughput, stability, and QoS enhancement than that of 802.11 DCF under a highly loaded situation in both chain and tree topologies


When internal communication is not efficient and effective in an
organisation, it can lead to low product uptake, disconnect between knowledge
of products and services on offer, bad customer experience and even penalties
and sanctions due to lack of proper information flow on product pricing and
modifications. It is on this basis that this study aimed at assessing the
challenges of internal communication and its relationship to successful product
implementation at Stanbic Bank Zambia. A quantitative approach was used in the
study and data was collected using a survey questionnaire that was administered to bank
staff. The researcher received responses from 41 staff. The data was analysed
using Pearson correlation coefficient and P-value
analysis with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version
16.0) and Microsoft Excel. This involved the use of frequencies and percentages
on relevant data, as well as the application of Pearson correlation and two
tailed significance (0.05 level of significance) tests on necessary variables
identified in the hypotheses. The independent variables that were analysed in
relation to effective communication included: biological factors that are gender and age, communication skills, social systems (department/branch and
time with the bank), technology/channel used and feedback. Whereas the
dependent variable was effectiveness of internal communication. Through
analysis of data and correlation of variables it was found that biological
factors and social systems did not have significant influence on effectiveness
of the internal communication, while communication skills of sender or
receiver, technology or channel used to communicate and feedback in the
communication process all had significant influence on the effectiveness of
internal communication.


The Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) algorithm is a kind of high resolution algorithm in radar imaging. Aimed at the low SNR condition and the less sampling data, this paper presents an improved MUSIC imaging algorithm using the first principal component which also can be called as first principal vector (FINE). The new algorithm is proposed to get higher quality of imaging results compared with the MUSIC algorithm and Range-Doppler algorithm in the low SNR condition. The simulation and the real data processing are presented to show the effectiveness of the new method.


Health Education is a component of the Coordinated School Health Model, which consists of a planned, sequential, K-12 curriculum that addresses the physical, mental, emotional and social dimensions of health. The curriculum is designed to motivate and assist students to maintain and improve their health, prevent dis


We report on the first deep, direct search for a magnetic field via the circular polarization of Zeeman splitting in a Wolf-Rayet (W-R) star. Using the highly efficient ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope, we observed at three different epochs one of the best W-R candidates in the sky expected to harbor a magnetic field, the bright, highly variable WN4 star EZ CMa = WR6 = HD 50896. We looked for the characteristic circular polarization (Stokes V) pattern in strong emission lines that would arise as a consequence of a global, rotating magnetic field with a split monopole configuration. We also obtained nearly simultaneous linear polarization spectra (Stokes Q and U), which are dominated by electron scattering, most likely from a flattened wind with large-scale corotating structures. As the star rotates with a period of 3.766 days, our view of the wind changes, which in turn affects the value of the linear polarization in lines versus continuum at the ∼0.2% level. Depending on the epoch of observation, our Stokes V data were affected by significant crosstalk from Stokes Q and U to V. We removed this spurious signal from the circular polarization data and experimented with various levels of spectral binning to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of our data. In the end, no magnetic field is unambiguously detected in EZ CMa. Assuming that the star is intrinsically magnetic and harbors a split monopole configuration, we find an upper limit of B ∼ 100 G for the intensity of its field in the line-forming regions of the stellar wind.


Based on the application of relevant theories and experimental results in heat transfer to denl with the heat transfer on a rectangular ribbed cylindrical dryer,condensation heat transfer of saturated steam on the rib tip and flank,and the convective heat transfer of condensate on the rib groove bottom were analyzed,and the condensation formulas of the heat transfer coefficients were deduced respectively,which could be used as a reference in the calculation of heat transfer from the rectangular ribbed dryer to the paper. The preliminary investigation results showed that a wider and shorter rib might result in a better heat transfer,the thermal resistance of the inside wall was the smallest,the dryer shell was the next,and the outside wall was the largest.


Cooling channels are essential components of the modern gas turbine engines. Enhanced cooling techniques are allowing for increase in firing temperatures and thereby improving power and efficiency. Air bled from the compressor is passed through serpentine passages within the blade to take away the heat and keep the blade under operating temperatures. Heat transfer in the channel can be improved by increasing the turbulence in the coolant flow. U-Bends in the serpentine channels cause secondary flow and Coriolis effects. Apart from this, the channel walls are impregnated with turbulators such as ribs, pins and dimples. These turbulators cause flow disturbance near the wall improving the heat transfer. Designing the cooling system requires detailed understanding of the flow patterns in the channel. Numerical techniques help understand the flow in detail providing 3-dimensional velocity profiles and other parameters. Experimental data helps validate the numerical models and improves the reliability of the numerical results. In this research, experiments were performed to determine the Nusselt number distribution in a cooling channel and numerical simulations were performed to compare and predict the heat transfer in other channels.


In the summer and autumn of 1922(Ren xu),Zhejiang Province suffered the horrible floods which it had never experienced in the last few decades,resulting in heavy damage to social economy and people's property.After the natural disaster,the administrative authorities at all levels,various local groups inside and outside Zhejiang Province and a wide variety of large benevolent relief institutes made every effort to take on different rescuing roles and play important parts to save people from the destructive misfortune.Besides,knowledgeable people further analyzed its causes and raised policies of constructing water projects and cultivating forests to prevent similar disasters occurring again.However,at that time people tended to deal with disasters when they were faced with misfortunes but laid aside preventive plans after disasters so that disasters occurred over and over again.Hence,this tragic lesson is instructive to the modern society.


Abstract In this article, we introduce a measure of inaccuracy between distributions of the nth record value and parent random variable and discuss some properties of it. It is also shown that the proposed measure characterizes the distribution of parent random variable uniquely. Measure of inaccuracy for some specific distributions has also been studied.


Environmental Management Systems (EMS) and Energy Management System (EnMS) are two of the tools which, implicitly or explicitly , are promoted by the EU in order to achieve the targeted goals and objectives identified in the cross frontier legislation for environmental protection. Both management systems have requirements set by international standards (such as ISO 14001 and ISO 50001), by which an organization (or other "organizational entity") may establish and implement Policies and Objectives for environment or energy, with the assumption of compliance with legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes. The European Directives were evolving over time, both in structure and in the form of expression. In the beginning of the last decade the key-concepts used were Policies , Community objectives and Action Programmes – all these being the principal elements of the Management systems, too. Later on, the European Directives started to promote equivalent terms for preventive actions , corrections and corrective actions for the noncompliance with critical limits stated by the relevant legislation. Moreover, we can find wording like: environmental aspects and impact analysis , emission monitoring and compliance with legal requirements , specific actions of the operational control , emergency plans and public communication . In some cases (e.g. waste management and energy efficiency), the European Directives have become very explicit in the recommendations they make regarding the utility of EMS and EnMS implementation, based on ISO 14001 and ISO 50001 international standards. Although the implementation of EMS and EnMS is a voluntary decision, the fact they are subject of recent recommendations of the European Directives shows the conviction that these Management systems represent effective tools in achieving commitments regarding environmental protection and pollution prevention or energy performance (energy efficiency, energy usage and energy consumption).


The emergence of food metabolomics, otherwise known as foodomics, has opened new frontiers and possibilities for scientists to characterize and simultaneously determine and obtain the comprehensive profile of the food metabolome. Qualitative and quanti- tative determinations of this metabolome offer insights into the underlying processes involved and details about the content of the food analytes. This had seemed technically challenging and impossible over time, but can now be done due to the advent of sophisticated analytical equipment and chemometric tools. The application of this tech- nique offers enormous opportunities to obtain detailed information that can be correlated to various properties, functionalities and potentials in fermented foods. This chapter thus evaluated and documented studies presented in the literature on the food metabolomics study of fermented foods, with a view of appraising its prospects, appli- cations and subsequent utilization in the study of fermented foods.


In [3], the group of Trapani et al. performed experiments, showing the possibility of spontaneously generated X-shaped light pulses. Their formation is shown to depend on linear and nonlinear effects. The most important feature of those light bullets is their self organising, stable spatiotemporal confinement. The claim of having them found is corroborated by various experiments as well as theoretical and numerical investigations.


The invention relates to a method for initializing a neural network in order to emulate a non-linear function, as realized by an initialization box receiving available function data in the form of an input, i.e. an output sample and an input sample, performing the following: automatic selection of the number of required linear zones, taking into account available non-linear function data for linear approximation of said function; automatic calculation of the characteristics of the linear forms on each function zone, i.e. slope; design automation of the neural network associating the corresponding linear form with each function zone; calculation of the initial values of the parameters of the neural network, i.e. the weights and biases of the hidden neuron layer and the output neuron layer.


The effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere has an important role in constraining compositional structure, geothermal gradient and tectonic forces within the lithosphere and the thickness of this layer can be used to evaluate the earthquakes' focal depth. Hence, assessment of the elastic thickness of the lithosphere by gravitational admittance method in Iran is the main objective of this paper. Although the global geopotential models estimated from the satellite missions and surface data can portray the Earth's gravity field in high precision and resolution, there are some debates about using them for lithosphere investigations. We used both the terrestrial data which have been provided by NCC (National Cartographic Center of Iran) and BGI (Bureau Gravimetrique International), and the satellite-derived gravity and topography which are generated by EIGEN-GL04C and ETOPO5, respectively. Finally, it is concluded that signal content of the satellite-derived data is as rich as the terrestrial one and it can be used for the determination of the lithosphere bending.


Unambiguous wide swath and high azimuth resolution pose contradicting requirements on the design of SAR systems. The requirements can be overcome by using concurrent subbands technology. This paper reviews the concurrent subbands technology for the imaging of wide swath with high range-azimuth resolutions. In the designed system, the concurrent subbands technology is used to integrate a wider range signal bandwidth, and thus achieve a higher range resolution; multichannel allows a lower Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) and enables unambiguous wide swath. The synthetic bandwidth method is used to obtain a wide-bandwidth signal, which is described in detail. With the application of the classical Displaced Phase Centre (DPC) technique, more spatial sampling along the synthetic aperture can be used and thus reduce the PRF.


Ferrihydrite and fulvic acid are prevalent components of soils and can significantly influence the environmental behavior of Cr(VI) in these matrices. Prior research has investigated the sorption behavior of Cr(VI) by ferrihydrite and fulvic acid independently; however, the sorption-reduction capacity of Cr(VI) by the ferrihydrite-fulvic acid complex, which is ubiquitously present in soils, has been less explored. In this study, ferrihydrite-fulvic acid complexes (Fh-FA) with varying C/Fe mole ratios were synthesized, and the adsorption-reduction behaviors of Cr(VI) on Fh-FA were examined using batch experiments, FTIR, BET, XRD, SEM-EDS, and XPS. The results demonstrate that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model can accurately describe the adsorption process of Fh-FA on Cr(VI), which can be delineated into three stages: rapid adsorption (0-30 min), slow adsorption (30-120 min), and reaction equilibrium (>120 min). The adsorption of Cr(VI) on Fh-FA primarily occurs through chemisorption. FTIR and XPS analyses revealed that Cr(VI) is initially adsorbed by Fe-OH on the Fh-FA surface. However, as the C/Fe mole ratio of Fh-FA increases, more Fe-OH is complexed by -COOH from FA, resulting in a decrease in the adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) by Fh-FA. The number of phenolic hydroxyl groups from FA also increases, providing additional electrons to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) with increasing C/Fe mole ratio. This study not only emphasizes the adsorption-reduction behavior of Cr(VI) by ferrihydrite-fulvic acid complexes but also uncovers the interplay between C/Fe mole ratios and Cr(VI) adsorption-reduction, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the relative roles of Fe hydroxides and natural organic matter in soil environments. These findings have significant implications for Cr(VI) management in soils, enhancing our capability to protect and sustain the environmental quality.


Radiological impact of naturally occurring radionuclides in airborne effluents of a model coal-fired steam plant [1000 MW(e)] is evaluated assuming a release to the atmosphere of 1 percent of the ash In the coal burned and compared with the impact of radioactive materials in the airborne effluents cf model light-water reactors [1000 Mw(e)]. The principal exposure pathway for radioactive materials released from both types of plants is ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs. For nuclear plants inversion in the airborne effluents is also a significant factor in the dose commitment. Assuming that the coal burned contains 1 ppm uranium and 2 ppn thorium together with their decay products and using the same impact analysis methods used in evaluating nuclear facilities, the maximum individual dose commitments from the coal plant for the whole body and most organs (except the thyroid) are shown to be greater than those from a pressurized-wat' reactor (FWR) and, with the exception of the bone and kidney doses, less than those from a boiling-water reactor (BWR), With the exception of the bone dose, the maximum individual dose commitments from the coal plant are less than the numerical design guideline limits listed in 10 CFR 50, Appendix I, for light-water reactors (LHRs). Population dose conmtitmentc from the coal plant are higher than those from either nuclear plant, except for the thyroid dose from the boiling-water reactor. The use of coal containing higher uranium concentrations and/or higher particulate releases ( » 1%), characteristic of the present coal-fired power industry, could result in dose commitments from a coal plant several orders of magnitude higher than those estimated in this study. Methods for esti mating these higher dose commitments are presented. The study is limited to a comparison of the radiological impacts of airborne effluents from model coal-fired and nuclear power plant 3 and does not compare the total radiological impacts of a coal versus a nuclear economy. It is concluded that an evaluation of the radiological impact on the environment • should be included in the assessment of both coal-fired and nuclear power plants.


The aim of this work is to study the thermal characteristics of a concrete reinforced with cotton waste fiber for building construction. The concrete used was formulated with the Dreux-Gorisse method and has a compressive strength of 14.13 MPa. The fiber-reinforced concrete contains 0.1% to 0.8% of fibers by mass. The thermal properties were determined by the asymmetric hot plane method used with a DesProTherm device. Other properties were also computed. The results show that the density of the concretes decreases with the percentage of fibers, from 2.205 t/m3 for the concrete without fiber to 2.001 t/m3 for the concrete containing 0.8% of fibers. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity also decrease with the percentage of fibers, they range respectively from 1.021 W/m.K to 0.448 W/m.K and from 5.64 10-7 m²/s to 2.19 10-7 m²/s. As for the thermal capacity, it is almost constant with 0.1% of fibers (1810 to 1800 kJ/m3.K) then increases progressively up to 2046 kJ/m3.K for 0.8% of fiber. These results show that the incorporation of fibres improves the thermal characteristics of concrete. The use of this material would provide better thermal conditions inside the buildings, and consequently the reduction of energy consumption.


The paper briefly summarizes the current common quantitative evaluation methods and indicators for science and technology (ST) talents both in China and abroad from two points:methods and their application,in order to provide references for further development and improvement of ST talents evaluation methods.


Analysing on the reason of the low temperature in methane pool in north areas in winter,and the relations of temperature change between the methane pool and the atmospheric temperature;According to the principle of the biolysis and fermantion make heat,making intial research that fermentation from wheat straw makes heat and elevates the methane pool temperature and the output of the methane,and solving the problem that poeple normally use the methane as life fuel in winter;and having the research about technique design on the top of the methane pool in order to elevate the temperature.


Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis affects 1 in 5,000 children in the U.S. and Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterial cause. At our institution, clindamycin is used empirically for osteomyelitis, despite increasing clindamycin-resistance over the years. The objective of this study is to describe microbiologic results and antibiotic resistance patterns in children hospitalized with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis.

 This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients < 21 years of age with acute osteomyelitis hospitalized between 1/1/2010 and 5/31/2019 at Children's National Hospital. We excluded patients with recent orthopedic surgery, hardware infection, penetrating trauma, or with an underlying immunocompromising condition. We performed chart review to collect data on location of infection; blood, synovial fluid, or surgical site cultures; culture results, and susceptibilities.

 Of the 162 encounters of acute osteomyelitis that met inclusion criteria, the average patient age was 8.3 years. Lower extremity infections were most common (105, 64.8%), followed by upper extremity (31, 19.1%), pelvis (14, 8.6%), spine (7, 4.3%), shoulder (4, 2.5%), rib (1, 0.6%) and mandible (1, 0.6%). Almost half of cases (73, 45%) had no positive cultures, and 89 cases (55%) had at least one positive culture from blood or local source (Figure 1). The most common pathogen was methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) followed by methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) comprising 60 (67%) and 19 (20%) of culture-positive infections respectively. Other isolated pathogens included S. pyogenes (5, 5.6%) Salmonella species (2, 2.2%), S. pneumoniae (1, 1.1%), S. agalactiae (1, 1.1%), and Kingella kingae (1, 1.1%) (Figure 1). Among S. aureus infections, 69 (87%) were susceptible to clindamycin (85% among MSSA, 95% among MRSA).
 Categorized Blood and Wound Culture Results

 Almost half of all children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis did not have any microbiologic data to guide antibiotic usage. S. aureus was the most common (87%) isolate, with more MSSA (74%) than MRSA (24%). Non-S. aureus isolates were more likely to grow from surgical specimen cultures than from blood cultures. Clindamycin resistance was more commonly seen in MSSA than in MRSA osteomyelitis.

 All Authors: No reported disclosures


This article tries to solve a puzzle concerning the notion of public religion. The aim is to understand why contradictory claims are heard in Britain about the place of religion in the public sphere. On the one hand are claims that religion is resurgent. On the other hand are counterclaims that religion is systematically excluded from public life. The solution proposed by this article begins by recognising that Britain lacks the kind of sharp distinction between the state, political society and civil society that Casanova regards as a condition of modernity. The second part of the solution takes into account the strategies of British governments between 1997 and 2010 for deliberately blurring the boundary between state and civil society by summoning the 'faith sector' to enter into partnership with the state. And the final part of the solution argues that the apparent resurgence of religion in the British public sphere is largely a product of the government's 'interpellation' of the faith sector within a broader attempt to manage religious and ethnic diversity.


The participation of patients and the public in the development of clinical treatment guidelines is increasingly valued in international guideline programmes. This paper extends the findings of Harding et al. (2010) exploration of the views of service users of mental health resources who participated in NICE guideline development groups developing UK clinical treatment guidelines for mental health related disorders. In this research, service users reported not unduly obstructed by some of the concerns raised about their involvement as lay members, influencing the relevance of recommendations to the individual consumer of the service, and grappling with the opaque nature of


Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of combined treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine on arteriosclerosis obliterans. Methods: 89 patients were randomly divided into treatment group( 51 cases) and control group( 38 cases). The control group was treated by routine Western medicine,and the treatment group was treated by traditional Chinese medicine combined with arterial injection. 14 days was a course of treatment. The curative effect of 3-5 courses was observed. Results:The cure rate was 72. 55% in treatment group,and the cure rate of the control group was 50%. There was significant difference between the 2 groups( χ2= 6. 41),P 0. 05. Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of occlusion of arterial sclerosis is more reliable with combination of TCM and Western medicine.


The confluence of technological advancement, globalisation and economic liberalisation in the recent years has prompted governments in developed and developing countries alike to prioritise skills development as a key strategy for economic competitiveness and growth. India has the youngest and one of the largest pools of "demographic dividend" that needs to be nurtured, and through appropriate skill development it can foster economic growth, equitable wealth generation as well as meet the global skill shortages. The large population, majority of which are either unemployed or underemployed in the unorganized sector, need to be given adequate skill training which will not only aid the industries but will also encourage entrepreneurial ventures that will in turn generate future employment opportunities and fuel economic growth. This paper is an attempt to understand the existing skill development landscape in India by having a birds's eye view of the importance of skill development for the economy, skill related statistics, institutional framework in skill development, skill development initiatives running in the country currently, major challenges, policy framework and the road head for meeting the Government's aim to train 500 million people by 2022 by empowering all individuals through improved skills, knowledge and nationally and internationally recognised qualifications to gain access to decent employment and ensure India's competitiveness in the global market. It is observed that in order to make the skill development mission a success, it is important for the Government to focus on inclusive measures, quality in delivery, use of information and communication technology to meet scalabity and speed of delivery, introduction of modular and short term programs to meet industry specific needs etc. The cooperative federation and the involvement of States will further boost the skill development ecosystem in India.


One of the major responsibilities for medical students is to save lives and to popularize emergency medical treatment knowledge for the masses of society.Based on research analysis,systemic training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation program including lectures,simulation education and social practice were performed for medical students.After practice activities,these students could proficiently apply the basic knowledge and skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in practical work and spread what they have learned to the public.Furthermore the program could improve students' abilities in social practice and team spirit and it is of great social significance.

Key words:
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Medical students; Extracurricular practical activity


AS early as 1904, Harsha (1) successfully treated a case of actinomycosis of the jaw with roentgen rays, surgical drainage, and the administration of iodides. Since that time, many observers have reported favorable results when they employed this method of treatment, and most of them have ascribed their success to the use of radiation. Notwithstanding the prevailing opinion that involution of the lesions of this disease is brought about by the action of roentgen rays, the fact that iodides were also administered casts a doubt upon the direct cause of the recovery of the patient, and the question remains unanswered and uncertain (2). However, it is admitted by all concerned that many cases of actinomycosis are on record which were cured with roentgen rays and surgery exclusively, and that the number of such reported cases is increasing rapidly. This alone should be sufficient proof of its efficacy. Furthermore, there is an established unanimity of opinion on this point by the following observers: Zeisler (...


To reduce the risks for human health and enviromental safety the development of rapid biodegreadable lubricants has been a constant trend in Germany since about 1980. In this time the rapid biodegreadable lubricants have achieved 5 - 10 % market share for all kinds of lubricants without loss lubricants in the nearly constant market volume of 1.0 -1,5 Mio t/year. At loss lubricants the rapid biodegreadable lubricants dominate the market with about 80 %. Rapid biodegreadable lubricants are products based on native or synthetic basic oils. For the development it is the greatest problem for each product to find the optimal compromise between the opposite requirements of longlife stability and rapid biological degration. Today modern Biological oils have solved this problem and show the same performance as products based on mineral oil. But a clear disadvantage is the more expensive price. The following report describes the development of rapid biodegreadable lubricants in the last 20 years under the aspects market share, performance and material background in difference to mineral oils.


Conventional finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) suffers from the high computational burden and cumbersome weight factor design, especially for three-phase three-level (3P-3L) converters. In this article, an improved FCS-MPC is proposed for T-type 3P-3L converters to reduce the computational burden, eliminate the weight factor, and improve system performance. Three improvements are as follows. First, a sector optimization method based on effective vector radiation range is proposed to determine the optimal vector for current tracking without vector enumeration, and a combined virtual vector is adopted to supersede the basic vector and avoid affecting neutral-point (NP) potential. Second, a capacitor charge balance algorithm is proposed to determine the optimal vector for NP potential balance without weight factor, which minimizes negative effects on current tracking. Third, a hybrid vector output mode is proposed to give full consideration to current tracking and NP potential balance performance. Finally, the advantages of the proposed MPC are verified in simulation and experiment, where code execution time and current THD are reduced by 16.1 μs and 1.27%, steady-state current error and capacitor voltage deviation are experimentally reduced by 0.8 A and 0.6 V, and transient dc voltage recovery time and capacitor voltage deviation are experimentally reduced by 2 ms and 0.4 V compared with conventional FCS-MPC.


In the steel continuous casting process, cooling water is directly injected through multiple rows of nozzles to remove heat from the slab to allow the slab to solidify in secondary cooling. Effective heat removal from the slab without causing slab cracking and deformation is desired. The present study focuses on developing a reliable numerical model which can accurately predict the impingement and heat transfer between water droplet and solid slab. The flat fan atomizer is chosen as a representative nozzle to be simulated. The spray pattern on the slab surface, as well as the impingement behaviors of water droplets, are obtained through an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. The wall jet model coupled with modified evaporation rate depending on the droplet Weber number has been applied in the numerical model. A series of parametric studies have been performed to investigate the effects of spray direction, standoff distance, and distance between adjacent nozzles on the impingement heat transfer process. Simulation results reveal that intense cooling effects can be found in the center of the spray, where the concentration of droplets is the highest regardless of the spray direction. Double the standoff distance can reduce the heat transfer coefficient on slab surface by 10%. Finally, the distance between two adjacent nozzles should be adjusted to be smaller than the standoff distance in order to avoid the "fountain" effect induced by the collision of the two neighboring wall jets.


This study aims to analyze the effect of financial performance on zakat spending on Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia in the 2015-2018 period. The data used in this study are the Islamic Commercial Bank financial statements published through their respective official websites. The sampling technique in this study is purposive sampling. The sample used in this study was a Sharia Commercial Bank in 2015-2018. The data analysis technique in this study is panel data regression. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously the profitability, liquidity, and solvency variables significantly influence zakat. Partially Current Ratio has a significant negative effect on zakat, Debt to Equity Ratio has a significant positive effect, and Return on Assets has no effect on zakat expenditure.


In this paper we assess the appropriateness of open organizing as a model for re-designing design education. First, we review prior work on open organizing, particularly open innovation, to understand what makes these approaches novel and successful. Next, we draw on empirical findings from field studies of open source software projects that leverage open innovation principles and outline the advantages that accrue from interacting with external communities and participants, thereby increasing the authenticity of projects, and of making the design task the cornerstone of the learning activity—as opposed to structuring learning around a person. Finally, we synthesize lessons for creating open design experiences and offer suggestions that are equally applicable to in-class undergraduate design projects and to informal design projects undertaken by students.


Objective:To investigate the differences of clinical features and prognostic factors between the patients with adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) carrying Ph chromosome.Methods:All the ALL patients were divided into two groups, adult (aALL) and childhood (cALL) group, based on whether the age was more than 14 years or not. Conventional cytogenetic analysis, RT PCR test and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed in all the patients, part patients, and patients with variant Ph chromosome, respectively.Results:The incidence of Ph + aALL and cALL were 14.4 % (35/243) and 5.4 % (8/147), respectively. There was no significant difference in all clinical and experimental parameters excepting incidence ( P =0.006) between Ph + aALL and aALL patients. The Ph positive patients with additional chromosomal aberrations accounted for 46.5 % of total cases, and had lower platelet count than patients with sole Ph chromosome both in aALL and total patients group ( P =0.002; P =0.01, respectively). Monosomy 7, double Ph, del(9)(p11 12) and del(20)(q11 12) were common extra chromosomal abnormalities. Either aALL or total patients had longer survival duration in remission group when compared with non remission group after one course of treatments ( P =0.002; P =0.01, respectively). However, it was only Ph + adult patients who with CD 34 expression had shorter remission and survival duration than those with CD 34 negative patients ( P =0.015; P =0.02, respectively). It cannot be statistically analyzed within Ph + cALL patients because of insufficient cases.Conclusion:There have consistent biological characteristics between Ph + aALL and cALL patients, but the discrepancy of prognosis affected by CD 34 expression between aALL and total patients may provide indirectly evidence to imply the different prognostic factors between Ph + aALL and cALL patients.


Rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) has recently received considerable attention due to its high efficiency in both spectral utilization and energy consumption. Inspired by this emerging technique, this letter presents a secure beamforming (BF) scheme for RSMA-based cognitive satellite terrestrial networks in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. Assuming that the system operates in the millimeter wave band and only imperfect wiretap channel state information is available at the satellite and terrestrial base station, our objective is to maximize the secrecy-energy efficiency of the earth station (ES) while meeting the constraints on the ES secrecy rate, the cellular users' rate requirements, and transmit power budgets of the satellite and base station. As the formulated optimization problem is mathematically intractable, by applying successive convex approximation and Taylor expansion methods, we propose a robust BF scheme to convert the nonconvex objective and constraints into convex ones, which can be iteratively solved. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme are confirmed through simulation results.


2012 was full of a lot of new experiences for me.  I was approached at the beginning of the year to begin speaking on dysphagia for PESI.  My first speaking engagements were in North Carolina in December.


Spectacular variety in plant form and adap- tation can be seen throughout the Angiosperms. Even basal plants display complex morphologies as a result of their genetic programs. Both the shoot and root arise from a fixed number of stem cells in the respective shoot and root apical meristems. These meristems are con- trolled by gene networks that in turn are influenced by events that occur externally - a necessity due to the ses- sile nature of plants. Recent studies suggest that the key regulatory pathways controlling maintenance of stem cell populations and their transition into organs have largely been conserved since the divergence of monocots and di- cots, 134 million years ago (WIKSTROM et al., 2001). The regulation of these pathways may help explain differ- ences in morphology between these two major plant sub- divisions. Maize has comparatively large meristems and initiates a series of inflorescence meristems before pro- ducing determinant floral meristems. This expanded de- velopmental program, along with abundant genetic re- sources, makes maize an ideal model for meristem stud- ies. Several pathways have been elucidated in Arabidop- sis that control organ generation and meristem mainte- nance. Maize orthologues have been identified that are conserved in protein sequence and function. Examples of these shared networks include those of the clavata and knox pathways. Evolution of unique structures particular to the grasses, such as the spikelet, has also occurred. In this case, no Arabidopsis orthologs have been identified, rather different genes have been co-opted for unique functions. Such examples are the adaptation of ERF pro- teins for spikelet meristem determinacy. We present a comparison of the regulation of key meristem pathways in the dicot model plant, Arabidopsis, and maize.


Reservoir parameters are the bases for formation evaluation. A self-adaptive neural network inference system is an artificial intelligence method intergrated with the advantages of fuzzy logic and artificial neural network, the method ,which is used both for pattern classification, and continuous calculation, is the one for data modeling, the fuzzy subordinate function and its rules are obtained by learning large number of known data, not given by experience or visual information, which is particularly important for those whose characteristics unknown or the systems with complicated characteristics. Thus it is particularly suitable for quantitative interpretation and qualitative calculation of complicated reservoir evaluation. The result shows that the method is high calculation precision.


The article reveals personality-oriented, activity-oriented and systemic approaches to the process of educating sociality among students of comprehensive school as a moral quality of a person. The specifics of the upbringing of this integrative quality among students of  "Rosgvardia Class" as a children's public association is specified. The conceptual scope of methodological approaches is given. Attention is focused on the high role of extracurricular work in the formation of sociality.


For facial expression analysis different-different approaches have been implemented. First thing preprocessing step is done and after that face detection algorithm applied for face detection. After face detection facial feature tracking or feature is extracted on the behalf of obtained feature value. Differentdifferent classifier likes ANN, HMM, SVM is used to train the feature value obtained and then after testing is done to classify the classes to whom this feature value belongs. If high dimension feature value is obtained than PCA does work to reduce the dimension. Our approach is that apply Gabor filter on face to extract the feature. After feature extraction SVM is used to training and testing the feature value and finally similarity measure is evaluated to classify the classes to whom it belongs means it be from happy, sad, disgust, surprise, angry class. As many algorithm has been used for showing the Facial Expression of a Human. They have used different-different feature extraction method. Consideration of some similarity function has taken. Sometimes PCA, LDA was considered for dimensions reduction and for better accuracy.


The commonly observed hysteresis in the transfer characteristics of MoS2 transistors is typically associated with charge traps in the gate insulator. Since in Si technologies such traps can lead to severe reliability issues, we perform a combined study of both the hysteresis as well as the arguably most important reliability issue, the bias-temperature instability. We use single-layer MoS2 FETs with SiO2 and hBN insulators and demonstrate that both phenomena are indeed due to traps in the gate insulator with time constants distributed over wide timescales, where the faster ones lead to hysteresis and the slower ones to bias-temperature instabilities. Our data show that the use of hBN as a gate insulator considerably reduces the number of accessible slow traps and thus improves the reliability. However, the reliability of hBN insulators deteriorates with increasing temperature due to the thermally activated nature of charge trapping.


The twine of residual film is an essential issue in the process of remnant residue recovery of the residual film recovery machine. It is difficult to clean up the residual film in the residual film recovery operation and to influence the subsequent film efficiency. Therefore, in response to this problem a composite tooth pocket residual film recovery device was designed. In this paper, the structure of the film recovery device design, theoretical analysis, simulation experiments, get the most appropriate film recovery device parameters. In addition, the residual film rate of the membrane is dramatically low, reaching about 1.3% only, and the operation of the whole machine is smoother, and the stability of the work is promoted. The operation of the film recovery device is very obvious. Lifting, in addition to the film rate has also been significantly improved to 93.88%


The aim of this work is to determine whether through psychomotor games we can improve sensorimotor level in various fields of life of selected group of seniors. The work has brought many positive findings useful for the next work with this group, but also for other people.


neuropsychiatric syndrome. We concur with this view and believe that antithyroid antibodies act as a marker of enhanced autoimmunity predisposing to the development of other organspecific autoimmune pathologies; thus, alternative descriptive terms such as 'encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease' may be more appropriate. Our case indeed demonstrated three features of enhanced autoimmunity, namely autoimmune thyroiditis, Graves' ophthalmopathy and coeliac disease. It is important to remember that there is no evidence, nor indeed any theoretical rationale, to suggest that a putative diagnosis of HE should alter the antithyroid therapy of the patient, which should always be based on an accurate clinical and biochemical assessment of the present thyroid status. A lower threshold to treat subclinical hypothyroidism has been proposed by some authors, but there is currently no evidence to support such a strategy. In conclusion, although the pathophysiology of HE and its relation to the autoimmune pathways underpinning thyroid disease has yet to be elucidated, the condition should always be included in the differential diagnosis of the acutely confused patient with thyroid disease, including Grave's disease, especially given the presence of a readily available treatment with excellent response rates.


Mathematical models of genetic evolution often come in pairs, connected by a so-called duality relation. The most seminal example are the Wright-Fisher diffusion and the Kingman coalescent, where the former describes the stochastic evolution of neutral allele frequencies in a large population forward in time, and the latter describes the genetic ancestry of randomly sampled individuals from the population backward in time. As well as providing a richer description than either model in isolation, duality often yields equations satisfied by unknown quantities of interest. We employ the so-called Bernoulli factory, a celebrated tool in simulation-based computing, to derive duality relations for broad classes of genetics models. As concrete examples, we present Wright-Fisher diffusions with general drift functions, and Allen-Cahn equations with general, nonlinear forcing terms. The drift and forcing functions can be interpreted as the action of frequency-dependent selection. To our knowledge, this work is the first time a connection has been drawn between Bernoulli factories and duality in models of population genetics.


Along with the development of national economy,ground water becomes essential water resource for Fenyang local industry,agriculture and people's living.In the paper,current utilization state and existing problem were analyzed,and measures and suggestion were purposed,which was of great importance to rational local ground water resources disposition and to promote positive growth of Fenyang city ground water.


The original concept relied on a strong relationship between food resource and pastoral pressure; this link has disappeared in the field of recreation. The concept is largely used but in the meantime is subject to an important amount of criticism, shedding doubts on the concept's ability to be replicated in different situations. Many authors who use the concept are very critical when it comes to its field application. It is in fact very difficult to establish a mechanical relationship between the level of frequentation and the degree of impacts.