This study examined the content of the Journal of Counseling & Development. Collected data were used to identify various changes and trends over time. A content analysis was conducted for a 9-year period (Volumes 67–74). Articles were cross-classified into 11 categories of topics with 7 subcategories and then grouped by the 3 editorship periods during this time. Topics were then evaluated and ranked for each editorship to identify possible trends. An overall ranking of topics is provided, as well as rankings of contributing authors, institutional affiliations, and states represented by contributing authors. Results are compared with an earlier content analysis (Pelsma & Cesari, 1989) of Volumes 48 to 66.


We demonstrate that globular cluster G1 could have been formed by tidal interaction between M 31 and a nucleated dwarf galaxy (dE,N). Our fully self-consistent numerical simulations show that during tidal interaction between M 31 and G1's progenitor dE,N with MB ∼− 15 mag and its nucleus mass of ∼10 7 M� , the dark matter and the outer stellar envelope of the dE,N are nearly completely stripped whereas the nucleus can survive the tidal stripping because of its initially compact nature. The naked nucleus (i.e., G1) has orbital properties similar to those of its progenitor dE,N. The stripped stars form a metal-poor ((Fe/H) ∼− 1) stellar halo around M 31 and its structure and kinematics depend strongly on the initial orbit of G1's progenitor dE,N. We suggest that the observed large projected distance of G1 from M 31 (∼40 kpc) can give some strong constraints on the central density of the dark matter halo of dE,N. We discuss these results in the context of substructures of M 31's stellar halo recently revealed by Ferguson et al. (2002).


One of the modes of "release ahead of time" from a penitentiary institution, or from a place of residence in which a convict may be serving his sentence, is early release. Early release can not be approved for every convict. There are exceptions to the rule that convicts are eligible for early release based on good behaviour. Early release may be granted by the director of the Administration for Execution of Prison Sentences or by a judge for enforcement of criminal sanctions. The author's attention in this paper is precisely the early release of convicts - those serving their sentence in penitentiary institutions as well as those serving them in their place of residence.


Aberrant activation of Ras GTPase is closely associated with human cancers. Mechanistic and structural insights into conformational transitions underlying the Ras deactivation pathway provide opportunities for the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of Ras-driven cancers. It remains challenging, however, to completely capture a large-scale conformational transition by atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Here, we carry out a computational scheme that combines a transition pathway generation algorithm, extensive MD simulations, and Markov state model analysis for disclosing the conformational landscape of the Ras deactivation pathway. Our findings suggest a stepwise deactivation pathway for Ras hydrolysis and identify several key conformational substates along the deactivation pathway. Furthermore, we discover an unexplored and potentially allosteric binding site on the effector-binding region of Ras in the conformational substates, which is further supported by site-directed muta...


The East Asian financial crisis raised the necessity of a monetary union in the region. This paper looks into the anatomy of the financial crisis and revisits the feasibility of a monetary union to be formed in East Asia covering ASEAN plus China, South Korea and Japan. Several arguments and reasons have been offered that indicate the feasibility of formulating a monetary union under the Japanese hegemony, but may not currently be possible. Yet other areas being looked into include the aspect of the optimum currency area theory and barriers to postulate whether it is possible for monetary union to be ultimately formed.


Reproductive behavior influences gene flow within and among species; thus, sexual selection may be a major contributor to the maintenance of species, and possibly their formation. Here I experimentally manipulate the courtship interactions of the field crickets Gryllus rubens and G. texensis to examine the potential of close-range courtship interactions to limit interspecific gene flow. Responses of males to females and of females to male courtship song and males per se were examined for four paired sympatric and allopatric populations. Male G. rubens were more likely to court conspecific females, but male G. texensis courted females of both species equally. If paired with conspecific males, female G. rubens and G. texensis both preferred conspecific courtship song. In none of these comparisons were the responses of males or females from allopatry different from those in sympatry. There was an asymmetry of courtship response across both sex and species: male G. rubens were more discriminating than male G. texensis, whereas female G. texensis were more discriminating than female G. rubens. Despite significant preferences for conspecifics, the net effect of courtship interactions would appear to limit interspecific gene flow only weakly. These results are consistent with courtship behavior evolving under the influence of sexual selection and only indirectly promoting species integrity. Copyright 2005.


The fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometric behavior of some involatile polynuclear rhenium(I)-ruthenium(II) complexes of general formula [Re(CO)[sub 3](phen)(CN)-[Ru(bpy)[sub 2](CN)]n-Ru(bpy)[sub 2](CN)][sup (n+1)+] (n = 0-2, bpy = 2,2[prime]-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) is presented. Singly, double, and, for n = 2, also triply charged ions were detected, and the fragmentation patterns of these ionic species were determined by studying unimolecular dissociation reactions. The decomposition pathways involve losses of CO and bpy neutral ligands, oxidative addition of coordinated bpy with expulsion of HX (X = CN[sup [minus]], PF[sub 6][sup [minus]]), and cleavage of the CN-Ru bond. 25 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.


ABSTRACT A short model genome RNA and also the genome RNA of influenza A virus bearing both 5′- and 3′-terminal common sequences activated the interferon-induced double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR, by stimulating autophosphorylation in vitro. The activated PKR catalyzed phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eucaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). The NS1 protein efficiently eliminated the PKR-activating activity of these RNAs by binding to them. Two mutant NS1 proteins, each harboring a single amino acid substitution at different regions, exhibited temperature sensitivity in their RNA binding activity in the mutant virus-infected cell lysates as well as when they were prepared as fusion proteins expressed in bacteria. The virus strains carrying these mutant NS1 proteins exhibited temperature sensitivity in virus protein synthesis at the translational level, as reported previously, and could not repress the autophosphorylation of PKR developing during the virus growth, which is normally suppressed by a viral function(s). As a result, the level of eIF2α phosphorylation was elevated 2.5- to 3-fold. The defect in virus protein synthesis was well correlated with the level of phosphorylation of PKR and eIF2α.


cAse report A 45‐year‐old male presented to Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) on January 23, 2013. He began to notice floaters in the left eye 1 year before, and was diagnosed with "glaucoma OS" in local hospital. Intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased from 36 mmHg to normal with topical IOP‐lowering medication. The patient's visual acuity of the left eye began to decrease in October, 2012. He was diagnosed with "neovascular glaucoma OS" in local hospital, and was advised to have operation. During pre‐operative examination, an intraocular mass was found.


Multiple-input multiple-output wireless systems use multiple antennas in both transmitter and receiver. The huge capacity of this multi-environment system has attracted intensive interests in recent years. Hardware implementation of MIMO lattice decoder becomes a challenging task because of the complexity of the lattice decoding algorithms. This paper compares two typical lattice decoding algorithms in hardware implementations. The data dependency among the iterative closest lattice point search procedure is examined and the possibilities of parallel implementation are explored. Parallel architectures are designed for each algorithm and are prototyped on two different hardware platforms: FPGA and DSP. Decoding rate and bit error rate are compared between the two algorithms. The performance of different hardware platforms is investigated as well. The experimental results show that the FPGA-based AV algorithm decoder supports 17.6Mbit/s decoding rate when mapped on a Xilinx Virtex2 1000 FPGA, and is more than 7 times faster than the VB algorithm decoder on the same hardware. To achieve the compatible bit error rate performance, FPGA based lattice decoder provides an order of magnitude faster decoding rate than the DSP decoder using the same algorithm.


The stochastic dynamic problems were becoming more difficult after considering the influences of stochastic factors and the complexity of the dynamic problems. To this background, the finite volume method combined with Perturbation Method was proposed for the stochastic dynamic analysis. The equations of perturbation-finite volume method were derived; the explicit expressions between random response and basic random variables were given; the method of stochastic dynamic analysis was discussed; and the examples were presented to verify the perturbation-finite volume method. The results of perturbation-finite volume method were compared with the results of Monte Carlo Method, which proved that the proposed method was correct and accurate. Because the proposed method was simple and clear, the equations were easy to establish and the efficiency was improved. Meanwhile, the proposed method was successfully applied to the stochastic dynamic analysis of linear multibody system, which was verified through the example in this paper.


Lipomas can be found anywhere in the body, with the majority being located in the head and neck region, as well as the back and abdomen. Lipomas are one of the most common benign, mesenchymal neoplasms. They may progress in size overtime and they may or may not be painful. They may be superficial or deep. Deep soft-tissue lipomas of the hand are rare. Among them, thenar intramuscular lipomas are very rare. We are reporting case of thenar intramuscular lipoma.


The purpose of this work is to improve the accuracy of research related to the work in the field of modeling and measurement of galvanic processes in biological tissues under the influence of electric current. For this purpose, we propose a refined equivalent electrical model of biotissue and an algorithm for numerical determination of its components.


This article focuses on intellectuals—writers, philosophers, academics, scientists, and artists—who, by virtue of their accomplishments and talents, or simply because of their renown, wielded such moral authority that they became at times veritable "leaders of conscience," influencing public opinion and, indeed, government policy in France. Responding to major events, whether colonial wars, international crises, or significant domestic political battles, French intellectuals weighed in time and again, from the Dreyfus affair to the bogus Sarkozy debate on "national identity."[1][1] This article reviews the stance of French intellectuals on the question of Palestine and the wider Arab-Israeli conflict, and examines how the ideological and political assumptions underlying their positions were not always amenable to rational explanation or easily ascribed to traditional attitudes of the Left and Right.

 [1]: #fn-1


Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella has been observed in the Philippines. This study aims to utilize whole genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize the population and AMR mechanisms of Salmonella captured by the Philippine Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program (ARSP) and contrast to traditional laboratory methods. We sequenced the whole genomes of 148 Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) and 65 non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) collected in the Philippines in 2013–2014. From the genome sequences, we determined the serotype, multilocus sequence type, presence of determinants of antimicrobial resistance and relatedness between isolates. We also compared the genotypic predictions of serotype and AMR to the phenotypic data. AMR rates in S. Typhi were low, with sparse acquisition of mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones or extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) genes. In contrast, three quarters of NTS isolates were insusceptible to at least one antimicrobial, with more than half carrying mutations and/or genes linked to resistance to fluoroquinolones. ESBL genes were detected in five genomes that also carried other AMR determinants. The population of S. Typhi was dominated by the likely endemic genotype 3.0, which also caused of a putative local outbreak susceptible to antibiotics. The main NTS clades were global epidemic S. Enteritidis ST11 and the monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium (I 4,[5],12:i:-) ST34, which had frequently been serotyped as S. Typhimurium in the laboratory. This was the first time that Salmonella isolated from the Philippines were characterized by WGS and we provide evidence of its utility for ongoing surveillance at the ARSP.


The reduced morbidity and mortality of bronchoscopic biopsies as compared with surgical lung biopsies makes them a powerful tool to the pulmonologist when dealing with either diffuse or localized lung diseases. As such, these are the most common specimens received in lung pathology. However, these small biopsies provide the pathologist with a limited sampling area that usually lacks histologic preservation because of mechanical crushing of the tissue, with consequent interpretation difficulties. Its clinical value, therefore, is determined by several factors, including the probability of successfully sampling the area of interest, but, very importantly, the likelihood that an appropriate diagnosis will be made by the practicing pathologist. For this reason, a book focusing on the histopathologic findings on transbronchial and endobronchial biopsies, considering the limitations and diagnostic algorithms when evaluating these tiny specimens, is a great aid. ''Transbronchial and Endobronchial Biopsies'' is an atlas-format book with over 280 pictures that illustrate 41 chapters in 162 pages. All the findings, from artifacts and nonspecific changes to specific pathologic processes that one can encounter when evaluating transbronchial and endobronchial biopsies are presented. The first 2 chapters contain an introductory overview of transbronchial and endobronchial biopsies. Chapter 1 discusses the advantages and limitations of transbronchial and endobronchial biopsies as well as the criteria for the decision to attempt a bronchoscopic biopsy. Owing to the nature of the biopsy procedure, artifacts are a constant finding in bronchoscopic biopsies, which might lead to misinterpretation as pathologic changes if not considered. These findings are included in the second chapter along with nonspecific normal changes, like endogenous structures, dystrophic calcification, etc, that are found in these biopsies not uncommonly. How the ''unexpected'' findings could be misinterpreted is illustrated in some of the pictures (an example of this being tissue compression, which not uncommonly leads to the wrong impression of interstitial fibrosis). Chapters 3 to 40 have been organized following a disease pattern. Neoplastic processes are discussed in Chapters 3 to 8, infections in Chapters 9 to 15, diffuse lung diseases in Chapters 16 to 34, transplantation pathology in Chapters 35 and 36, large airway pathology in Chapter 37, pediatric pathology (including an introductory discussion of the limited role of transbronchial and endobronchial biopsies in this patient population) in Chapters 38 and 39, and primary ciliary dyskinesia in Chapter 40. The last chapter was left for some words about medicolegal implications of transbronchial biopsies. The chapters focused on neoplastic diseases are an example of the practical approach of bronchoscopic biopsies presented in the book. As the great majority of the lung carcinomas, particularly non-small cell carcinomas, are histologically heterogeneous tumors, classifying these neoplasms in bronchoscopic biopsies might require a substantial effort. However, a definitive diagnosis or tumor type is not always crucial to render in every transbronchial or endobronchial biopsy. Indeed, the World Health Organization classification of lung neoplasms is based primarily on tumors examined in resection specimens. What are the important steps in the diagnostic process, how to improve the accuracy of tumor classification when compared with the resection specimen, and when it is important to classify and not in transbronchial or endobronchial biopsies, are concisely discussed. As its companion book, ''Color Atlas and Text of Pulmonary Pathology'' by Dr Cagle (editor-in-chief), and as appropriate for an atlas, the chapters in ''Transbronchial and Endobronchial Biopsies'' are concise and meant for rapid review, highlighting relevant information needed for the diagnostic considerations. In addition, ''Suggested Readings'' are provided at the end of each chapter, which include short lists of key articles and textbooks for the specific topics, helpful for those readers who want to seek more details on a particular topic. The pictures illustrate the text in a ''real world'' way, as the majority of the examples include a very low-power photograph of the biopsy pieces, which explains, despite the good quality, the lack of visual appeal in many of them. However, as prefaced by the authors, one of the aims of the book is to ''honestly reflect the experience of the practicing pathologist'' and that would have not been achieved without the inclusion of those photographs. The figure legends are clear, which, concurrently with the increasing magnification pictures, transmit the idea that the authors are showing the case under the microscope. Finally, instant access to the fully searchable text and downloadable images makes the book convenient at all times. In summary, ''Transbronchial and Endobronchial Biopsies'' covers the entire spectrum of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the lung in concise chapters focusing on the diagnostic clues and limitations on transbronchial and endobronchial biopsies. This book provides a practical guide for trainees and practicing general pathologists who encounter these small specimens in their daily signout.


Introduction: Alcohol consumption is known for morbidity and mortality, being a serious health hazard of the people in the world. Multiple organs can be involved like Hepatobiliary system, cardiovascular system, Central nervous system, Hemopoietic system. Alcohol can lead to all types of anemia with suppression of bone marrow. Materials and Methods: Hematological parameters of 49 adult patients who are moderate alcoholics, 26 patients were severe alcoholics and who were admitted in MGM Hospital, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, were included in the study. Results: Among these 75 patients 60% (45) of the alcoholics had anemia. The mean hemoglobin was 9.2gms% among moderate alcoholics and 9.0gm% among severe alcoholics. Conclusions: Alcoholism was more common among men in middle aged group and a feature of lower socio economic group. Anemia was a predominant feature among chronic alcoholics. All types of anemia were seen in alcoholics. Microcytic hypochromic anemia, macrocytic anemia, normochromic normocytic anemia.,


Based upon analysis of the questions encountered in indoor construction process of UPVC drainage pipe practical measures are proposed from preparation work,construction process,work acceptance and other aspects,in order to ensure the construction quality to meet engineering quality requirements.


Highlighting the unique educational needs of gifted and high ability preschoolers, this article guides the reader to consider the characteristics of young gifted children along with appropriate assessment practices in planning educational programming. A triarchic approach to programs and services for gifted preschoolers is outlined with major emphases on an integrated curriculum, ongoing evaluation, and parental involvement. Specific strategies including internet resources are described to guide practitioners in providing optimal learning environments for this distinctive student population.


In Spain, as in other developed countries, the old public sector—private sector dichotomy is no longer valid as, between them, the two sectors cannot cover all social groups. As a result, the third sector has emerged strongly, with nongovernmental organizations for development (NGODs) being a clear example of this. This type of organization is assumed to have a series of specific values, among which some of the most important are the fostering of social capital, financial autonomy, political independence, transparency, and good governance. This study analyzes the current position of this emerging sector in Spain. To achieve this, a series of index numbers have been established to measure these comparisons in order to study the types of relationships existing between them. The results show that the Spanish NGOD sector is developing toward transparency. However, from a financial point of view, it is still very dependent, not very critical, and very atomized.


Abstract The principles of statistical mechanics have been used to develop a theory of the nucleation of a phase transition, but a number of subtle questions remain and are highlighted in this review. A central issue is the cluster definition, the mathematical scheme which distinguishes a molecular cluster from a collection of separate molecules. There is also the question of whether thermodynamic transition state theory is suitable to describe the process, or whether the development of kinetic rate equations describing cluster growth and decay is a better approach. The classical theory of nucleation is flawed but appears to provide useful estimates in some cases, including water. Phenomenological extensions of the classical theory can improve matters. However, improvements in the theory from microscopic considerations are not simple to apply, require major computational effort and suffer from uncertainties due to lack of knowledge of the fundamental intermolecular interactions. Calculations of the nucleation rate of water droplets are especially difficult since this substance is notoriously difficult to model. Nevertheless, as capabilities improve, accurate calculations should come within reach, which will offer better understanding of the process for practical applications such as the transition from dry to wet steam.


An important factor for successful implementation of accreditation is readiness of the healthcare organization for
organizational changes. This study aims at assessing perceptions of the medical staff in healthcare organizations,
regarding organizational changes related to accreditation, before starting the national accreditation in hospitals in R.
Macedonia and to interconnect variables with the implementation of the process. A prospective cross-sectional
study was conducted, performed in healthcare organizations throughout the R. Macedonia. Main tool for the study
was a questionnaire consisting of seven questions of a closed type. Variables such as changes in line with law and
regulations, introducing a new informational system, improving the working conditions, are perceived by the
majority of the respondents as drivers toward successful implementation of the process. Conversely, high percent of
the respondents find positive changes happen without introducing accreditation. Personnel is not certain who leads
the changes and if resistance to change exists depending on not finding significance to answers yes, no, and the
category without answer. For the majority of the respondents, accreditation is an effective tool for implementing
changes that lead to quality in their organization.
Keywords: accreditation, organizational changes, perceptions of healthcare staff, healthcare organizations


The recent craze for so-called skinny jeans is illustrative of the restraint of the body through dress. This phenomenon is noteworthy when considering the internalization of the corset in contemporary fashion. Grown out of the garments of soundly practical use, blue jeans have led the stream of fashion for about 150 years and now they serve as the new corset idealizing the female body in the form of skinny jeans. This study intends to examine the idealization of the body in contemporary fashion and focus on skinny jeans as an externalized corset. The struggle with corsets continues in that the real body is overwhelmed by fashion items. In the aspect of idealizing the body by constraining the body parts, skinny jeans externalize the control of the body as contemporary corsets. This study conducts literature research and content analysis as the method of investigation and focuses on women`s fashion from the 20th century. Exerting a harmful influence on health (as corsets have done) the body in skinny jeans is regarded as a modifiable entity. The thinness of the body achieved by skinny jeans suggests the controlling power over the body. Moreover, this gives access to the power presented by the contemporary ideal of thinness. Skinny jeans are modern day glass slippers.


Alirocumab and evolocumab, two proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 9 inhibitors, have both been associated with improved outcomes in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in addition to standard lipid-lowering therapies. However, their comparative safety and efficacy profiles are unknown.

 To compare the safety and efficacy of alirocumab versus evolocumab.

 We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials available up to November 2018 evaluating the safety and efficacy of alirocumab and evolocumab. We estimated risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals using fixed effect model in a frequentist pairwise and network metanalytic approach. The primary safety endpoints were any adverse events leading to treatment-discontinuation, injection site reaction, systemic allergic reaction, neurocognitive events, ophthalmologic events and new-onset of diabetes mellitus (DM) or worsening of pre-existing DM. The primary efficacy endpoints were all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018090768).

 A total of 30 trials, enrolling 59,026 patients were included in this analysis, of whom 13,607 received alirocumab and 17,931 received evolocumab. Mean weighted follow-up time was 2.5 years, with an exposure time of 144,907 patients-years. Eligibility criteria varied significantly across trials evaluating alirocumab and evolocumab. There were no significant differences between alirocumab and evolocumab in terms of safety endpoints, except for injection site reaction with a 27% increased risk of injection site reaction with alirocumab compared to evolocumab (Figure). Compared with evolocumab, alirocumab was associated with a reduction of all-cause death but not CV death. There were no significant differences in MI or stroke between alirocumab and evolocumab.

 Alirocumab and evolocumab share a similar safety profile. No significant differences were observed across the efficacy endpoints, except for all-cause death, which may be related to heterogeneity of the studied populations between the two drugs.


Media's success should be attributed to a clear recognition of the media's character and operating rules.Therefore their failure is attributed to incorrect direction and methods.That is to say wrong things are done improperly.Media don't have persistent direction,operating idea and feasible methods.This essay takes Chongqing newspaper industry as an example to build a general thinking mode.


The financial regulation leads to the existence of informal financial market that exerts great effect on the implementary purpose of money policy and macro economy function. In a way, the presence of informal financial market restricts the validity of money policy. The main manifestations are as follows: First, it results in endogenous money supply and the declining ability of control over money supply; Second, it brings about the instable circulation speed of money; Third it causes in the circumfluence effect of duality finance structure and region finance to counteract the validity of money policy. Accordingly, in the course of setting down and implementing money policy, we must fully consider the impact of informal financial market.


Contracting for availability is expected to become more prevalent for product -service systems (PSS) in the aerospace and defence industries. These contracts tend to transfer responsibilities for the operational phase from the customer to the supplier. In parallel, with operational life spans spanning several decades, the ability to deal with uncertainty in cost estimation for support activities is becoming critical. This paper outlines challenges within this process derived from literature as well as issues that were highlighted during interviews with four major defence and aerospace organisations.


Polychloroprene (PC) is a common contact adhesive which fails to provide adhesive properties at temperatures as higher as 70 0 C. Graft copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) to PC is investigated in the present studies to enhance adhesive properties of PC for its use at elevated temperatures e.g., above 70 0 C.  MMA is commonly used as a grafted monomer in many grafting reactions to incorporate and/or enhance properties of polymers. The graft reactions were carried out in a batch copolymerization reactor at various grafting temperatures. Viscosity of the final reaction mixture was determined using a Brookfield Rheometer to check whether the reaction has taken place or not. The grafting reaction was observed to be not initiated below 70 0 C. Adhesive strength of the virgin and grafted polymers was analyzed by using standard peel resistance tests on leather samples by Universal Testing Machine. The grafted polymer adhesive produced at 80 0 C was found to be with maximum adhesion properties.


In the title compound, C10H10N2OS, the benzimidazole ring system is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.007 A), whereas the heterocyclic six-membered thiazine ring has an envelope conformation, with the hydroxy-substituted C atom as the flap. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds to form zigzag chains running along the b-axis direction. The chains are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π interactions, forming layers parallel to the bc plane.


As a requirement to evaluate the quality of food products, the counting of aerobic mesophilic microorganism is used. Effectiveness of applying a fast methodology in order to detect the existence of these microorganisms is crucial to take corrective actions in processing facilities. This study aimed to compare the alternative method 2015.13 AOAC vs the traditional method based on tryptone soy agar for aerobes fast counting on chocolate coatings and cocoa powder. The matrix chocolate coating was internally inoculated with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The matrix cocoa powder showed natural contamination. 5 levels of inoculum were tested: 60, 380, 700, 36 000, 40 000 UFC/g. The culture temperature was about 35°±1°C during 24±2 hours for the method AOAC 2015.13 and 48±2 hours for the conventional method. Results demonstrated that there are no statistical difference between matrixes based on chocolate coatings and cocoa powder, on 3M-PetrifilmTM and tryptone soy agar plates, for aerobes fast counting with inocula 60 (p=0,506), 380 (p=0,843), 700 (p=0,378), 36 000 (p=0,180) and 40 000 (p=0,180), with a correlation coefficient of r=0.99 (p≤0.05), precision Rp%≤2.0*RDS%Poison and recovery ≥ 80%.


Background: Ayurvedic polyherbal formulations are widely prescribed for a wide range of inflammatory conditions, yet, despite widespread use, there has been no systematic documentation of their safety and efficacy. Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extracts of Ajmodadi churna (AJM) in rats. Materials and Methods: Carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and air pouch inflammation models were used for the study. Results: The extracts showed significant antiinflammatory activity, reducing paw edema volume by 0.417 ± 0.097 and 0.379 ± 0.049, respectively. In the carrageenan-induced air pouch model, AJM reduced total leukocyte count by 73.09 ± 7.13 and 62.17 ± 10.53, granulocyte count by 69.48 ± 5.44 and 63.33 ± 4.13, and myeloperoxidase activity by 14.84 ± 0.91 and 18.44 ± 3.18, respectively, compared to controls. Discussion and Conclusion: AJM significantly reduced paw edema, during the second phase of edema development. In the carrageenan-induced air pouch model, AJM inhibited cellular infiltration into the air pouch fluid. We conclude that AJM is an effective candidate for prevention or treatment of acute inflammation


Recent years have seen a significant number of low-cost (sub-$100) Linux-based microcontroller systems introduced to the market. Initially targeted to the educational and hobbyist markets, the low cost, small physical package, low power consumption and high compute capability of these microcontrollers has made them interesting to research and technical communities. Many of the applications these platforms are being used for require precise timing to measure physical phenomena and coordinate with other computers.


Copper-oxide (CuO) thin films were prepared by reactive sputtering of Cu onto Si wafers and characterized using a statistical design of experiments approach. The most significant factor in controlling the electrical resistivity and deposition rate was determined to be the O2 fraction. The deposited CuO thin films were characterized in terms of their physical and chemical properties, using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X- ray diffraction (XRD), and 4-point resistance measurements. The deposited copper thin films were characterized by XPS and XRD analyses to consist of Cu 2+ . The CuO thin films of highest resistivity exhibited superior rectifying responses with regard to n-type Si wafers, with a current ratio of 3.8×10 3 . These superior responses are believed to be associated with the formation of a charge-depletion region originating from the p-type CuO and n-type Si materials.


Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic syndrome (DRESS) is a severe systemic drug reaction known to be associated with lymphadenopathy. However, the pathological findings of lymphadenopathy in DIHS/DRESS are less defined. Here, we report a case of DIHS/DRESS using lymph node (LN) biopsy for the exclusive diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders.A 34-year-old Japanese woman was referred to us with generalized confluent erythema, involving mainly [...]


The article analyzes the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals for the eradication of poverty in the world and by regions in 2000 - 2020. Significant progress has been made in reducing the share of the employed population living below the poverty line in the world as a whole. Uneven progress has been identified in reducing the share of the employed population below the poverty line by region (reductions in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa; increases in West Asia, North Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean); uneven progress in social protection assistance (increase in the share of the population covered by at least one type of social protection assistance in South Asia, East Asia, Oceania and Sub-Saharan Africa; reduction in South-East Asia, North Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Central and Western Asia). There has been an improvement in the results of access to basic services for the poorest sections of the population (increase in the share of the population using basic drinking water services, access to basic sanitation services) with a simultaneous slowdown in access to basic services by region since 2010. A sharp reduction during 2000-2019 in the provision of official development assistance to developed countries aimed at reducing poverty. Measures have been identified in the field of financing poverty eradication programs (intensification of international cooperation for development) (implementation of indicators of official development assistance by developed countries), implementation of effective measures in the areas of domestic public resources, private business).


Software project assessments and postmortem analyses can increase the success of future projects and forthcoming project phases. However, although assessments and analyses are well-presented in the software engineering literature, they are short of descriptions to assess effort. This paper proposes a stepwise effort assessment method that strives to facilitate learning from past experiences and to increase effort estimation accuracy by exploring realized project effort. The proposed method can be used either to assess the realized project effort of a time span from project's lifecycle or as a part of the whole project postmortem analysis in producing effort information for the project iteration assessment, final report, and annual project portfolio report. In addition, the effort information increases the project team's knowledge on realized activity sets and their relationships, and the information can be utilized in estimation method and model calibration for both re-estimations and future estimations. The method was evaluated with case projects, a sample supplied by Tieto Finland Oy. Copyright© 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


laryngoscopy, spectrography, electroglottography, electromyography, airflow analysis and several other techniques. These are discussed in some detail by Dr Sataloff and colleagues in Philadelphia, in a section on 'The Clinical Voice Laboratory'; and although they express the opinion that the tape recorder and the trained ear are probably still the best judges in acoustic analysis, they are particularly enthusiastic about strobo-video-laryngoscopy, regarding it as the single most important technological advance in diagnostic laryngology, with the possible exception of fibreoptic laryngoscopy. Few would dissent from this view, but comprehensive voice analysis is extremely time-consuming and must perforce be confined to specialized voice clinics. None of the laryngeal conditions described in this book occurs exclusively in singers and actors but some of them, such as vocal nodules, occur with much greater frequency in professional voice users than in the general population, and Dr Sataloff s recommendations about the treatment of these conditions are unexceptionable. However, he does seem to have an almost obsessional fear, oft repeated, about the potential of aspirin to produce mucosal haemorrhage in the larynx, and he goes so far as to suggest that 'aspirin products should be avoided altogether in singers'; yet, despite his warning that steroids should not be prescribed 'excessively', he shows a rather worrying readiness to prescribe them 'when there is a pressing professional commitment that is being hampered by vocal fold inflammation'. One of the most helpful contributions is a chapter on Voice Therapy, by Kathe Darby and Rhonda Rulnick, two 'certified speech-language pathologists". (The British equivalent of this rather cumbersome title is 'speech therapist' or, more appositely, 'voice therapist'). This chapter and one on The Singing Voice, written jointly by Dr Sataloff and Linda Carroll (a singing teacher, described here as a singing voice specialist) contain much information and advice that is not available in standard medical textbooks. Most singers and actors are sociable beings and often, when they are not performing, they are talking; and when the show is over, they may over-indulge in the pleasures of the table, often in smoky, noisy restaurants; often late at night. In the short term, they may suffer from 'gastrooesophageal reflux laryngitis' with rough voice and sore throat in the morning, in the longer term they may put on weight. Here Dr Sataloffs advice is unequivocal: 'even a moderate degree of obesity may adversely affect the respiratory system"; thus dispelling the delusion, cherished by so many singers, that a degree of obesity is beneficial for breath support. Professional voice users are amongst the most sensitive of our patients and they require sensitive handling. Stress plays a part, often a major part, in many of their vocal (and other) problems, and these problems receive no special consideration in the formal training of the laryngologist or of the voice therapist. In the past, singers and actors have tended to turn to a small number of laryngologists with a special interest in music and theatre and, in view of the steadily expanding range of interests embraced by the speciality of Otolaryngology, this is unlikely to change; but there is no laryngologist who could not benefit from a knowledge of the technological advances in diagnostic laryngology, and every one of them should be aware of the presence and whereabouts of those special voice clinics which alone have the time and expertise to elucidate the more elusive problems of the professional voice user. Dr Sataloff, himself a singer as well as a laryngologist, has performed a welcome service in producing a comprehensive state-of-the-art text on a fascinating, if somewhat esoteric, subject. J. C. Ballantyne.


Orbital shaken bioreactors are widely used at the laboratory scale for the culture of animal cells in suspension mode. In the case of adherent-dependent cell lines, the choice of agitation conditions at which all particles are just-suspended (or attain complete suspension) has often to be determined. Indeed, with orbital shaken bioreactors, this choice results from the combination of two parameters: the orbital diameter and the agitation rate. That is why, a new experimental protocol for the determination of critical agitation conditions for microcarrier complete suspension has been developed in this paper. It consisted in a side-view visualization of blue-stained particles in shaken Erlenmeyer flasks and cylindrical flasks. 220 experiments representative of animal cell culture conditions have been carried out to study the effect of various operating conditions (bioreactor size and geometry, particle type, density and diameter, liquid viscosity, shaking diameter, filling ratio). Furthermore, a dimensional analysis has been performed, leading to a correlation relating a Froude number (in which the critical agitation Nc for complete particle suspension is embedded) to four other dimensionless numbers. Then, the critical agitation conditions determined in this paper were analyzed and discussed with respect to the data available in the literature on the flow structure occurring inside the flask. Our findings revealed that high orbital shaking diameters and large cylindrical vessels should be promoted to get microcarriers into suspension at a minimized power dissipation per unit of volume.


Wave unwrapping is an important part of fringe analysis. However, the ultimate result of wave unwrapping is usually impaired by bad data and noise from the phase shifting procedure. This paper presents a robust improved algorithm of region growing, which combines the procedure both of error point seeking and of region growing and ultimately gains a perfect wave unwrapping result. The whole processing is illustrated with images and charts obtained by both the computer simulation and practical operation.


A short introduction to the RKEA package. Introduction The RKEA package provides a R interface to Kea (http://www.nzdl.org/Kea/), a tool for keyword extraction in texts. See https://code.google.com/p/kea-algorithm/ and http: //www.nzdl.org/Kea/Download/Kea-5.0-Readme.txt for further information on Kea. Note that Maui (http://maui-indexer.googlecode.com/), an algorithm for topic indexing, can be used for the same tasks as Kea, but offers additional features, including indexing using Wikipedia as a controlled vocabulary. See https://www.airpair.com/nlp/ keyword-extraction-tutorial for a tutorial on NLP keyword extraction with Maui and RAKE (Rapid Automatic Keyword Extraction): note however that currently there is no R interface to Maui, nor an R implementation of RAKE.


The best ebooks about Understanding And Treating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder A Cognitive Behavioral Approach that you can get for free here by download this Understanding And Treating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder A Cognitive Behavioral Approach and save to your desktop. This ebooks is under topic such as understanding and treating obsessive compulsive disorder a understanding and treating obsessive compulsive disordera understanding and treating health anxiety: a cognitive 12: ' # '8& *#1 & 9 intechopen cognitive and behavioral methods for obsessive-compulsive cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive-compulsive anxiety and cbt reading list martinantony what's broken with cognitive behavior therapy treatment of cognitive-behavioral therapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder cognitive-behavioral therapy in obsessivecompulsive obsessive compulsive personality disorder (ocpd) abstract clinical neuropsychiatry article in press association for contextual behavioral cognitive–behavioural therapy for obsessive–compulsive cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality repetitive behaviors in autism and obsessive–compulsive journal of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders cognitive behavioral therapy for ocd ebook download research finds cognitive-behavioral therapy effective in comprehensive self-help workbooks for all anxiety the self in understanding and treating psychological disorders the psychological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder trichotillomania manual based treatment: an act-enhanced is hypochondriasis related to obsessivecompulsive understanding personality disorders understanding collaborative case formulation is key in cognitive recommended readings anxiety disorders and related problems free ebooks treating somatization: a cognitive-behavioral chapter 5: anxiety and the anxiety disorders an integrative brief treatment approach for obsessive a brief cognitive-behavioral treatment for social anxiety treating religious obsessive compulsive disorder ocd symptoms and adlerian psychology a literature review introduction to the special issue: behavioral, cognitive rituals, stereotypy and compulsive behavior in animals and treatment of compulsive hoarding syndrome what is compulsive hoarding? international ocd foundation merican institute for cognitive herapy the psychology of bulimia nervosa: a cognitive perspective


Skeletal muscle plays a role in producing force for body movement and, therefore, the force that muscle can produce has frequently been used as a parameter to estimate skeletal muscle function. It has been recently argued that "reliable" skeletal muscle force can be evaluated in vivo but not in vitro because there are several issues in an in vitro experiment such as an excessive oxygen supply. A unique event called excitation-contraction (EC) coupling underlies skeletal muscle contraction, which is sequential process initiating membrane excitation, sequential Ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and then myofibril contraction. To elucidate a mechanism underlying force changes in vivo, biochemically purified SR and myofibril had been used in most previous cases. However, such samples do not necessarily function in the same manner as that under physiological condition, because they lose an interaction with adjacent organelle. To shed light on the real mechanism underlying in vivo force changes, we have developed the technique combining in vivo force measurement and mechanically skinned fibers. In mechanically skinned fibers preserving normal EC coupling, each organelle function can be assessed separately. Here, we introduce our experimental system and the outcomes which our system has provided for the first time.


The user interface of CNC system was put forward,whose motion-drive and algorithm control part is five-axis motion control based on DSP,and this interface was designed with Visual C++ 6.0 through the method of blocking configuration.The partition of the function module and the realization of the representative module were introduced also.


Purpose – The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many lives, especially in the field of education. These changes start from the level of early childhood education, elementary education, to higher education. The learning process initially done conventionally in early childhood education has now been transformed into distance-learning or online. This sudden transformation of learning is essential to present an innovative distance learning model in the early childhood education environment. This study describes the distance learning model innovation for early childhood, implemented by PAUD Wadas Kelir, South Purwokerto, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers designed this learning model at PAUD Wadas Kelir by combining fun and unique online and offline learning.
Design/methods/approach – This type of research is field research with a descriptive qualitative method. In collecting data, researchers used three methods, i.e., observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used, i.e., reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. Moreover, the validity of the data is tested using triangulation techniques.
Findings – The results of this study show that there are ten learning model innovations implemented by ECE Wadas Kelir, i.e., learning with parental involvement, work projects, study visits, quizzes, online learning, creativity competitions, films and videos, creative and interactive stories, recording materials, and learning appreciation.
Research implications/limitations – This case study focuses on Early Childhood Education (ECE) learning models applied to early childhood education institutions during the pandemic in PAUD Wadas Kelir, South Purwokerto, but it is unlikely that the situation is different elsewhere because the pandemic is Indonesia and global.
Practical implications – This case study demonstrated how the application learning models of ECE during the pandemic are effective for children's growth and development.
Originality/value – This paper contributes to knowledge and understanding of applying several learning models for ECE during the pandemic as reference material in implementing the learning process for early childhood.
Paper type Case study


First proposed by Epstein, McKinney, Fox, and Garcia (2012), sexual orientation range (SOR) is an objective continuous measure of the flexibility people have in expressing their sexual orientation. In the present article, three formulas for computing SOR are compared using data obtained from a sample of 54,834 people in 57 countries. A number of statistical measures suggest that SOR is best measured simply as the smaller of two raw scores indicating opposite-sex and same-sex sexual inclinations. In other words, if one's strongest inclinations are same-sex, one's sexual orientation range is best indicated by the strength of one's opposite-sex inclinations, and vice versa. SOR, in combination with mean sexual orientation, another continuous variable, provides a reasonable and useful characterization of sexual orientation, which is and always has been a continuous rather than a categorical phenomenon. The SOR concept also puts the rancorous "choice" debate into an objective, non-inflammatory context.


Summary Prostheses of knitted, crimped dacron, some with and some without gelatin impregnation, were placed in the thoracic aortas of 17 young pigs. The prostheses replaced excised segments of aortas, 4 to 6 cm long, and were left in place for 7 to 139 days. "En face" and pellicle silver preparations revealed complete endothelial covering of the surface of a prosthesis after 7 days.


The project analyzed meat from broilers raised in three production systems to determine how they differed in terms of cost, yield, and various chemical and sensory qualities.


2026 Background: DO/NDR/02 is a novel Cremophor free Paclitaxel formulation in which the drug is delivered as nano micelles using a polymeric carrier. A phase I dose escalation study evaluating a three weekly regimen is being conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety profile and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of this formulation when given to refractory or metastatic solid tumors.

METHOD
DO/NDR/02 was administered as a one-hour infusion without premedications in doses ranging from 135 to 375 mg/m2 for a maximum of six cycles. Serial blood samples were collected for PK analysis during cycles 1 and 2 and Paclitaxel concentrations were determined using a validated HPLC method.

RESULTS
Twenty-three patients have been treated at various dose levels up to 375mg/m2. Till date there has been no incidence of hypersensitivity reactions, febrile neutropenia or neuropathies above grade 1. The major non-hematological toxicities were grade 3 infection without neutropenia (n=1) seen at 135 mg/m2 and grade 3 diarrhea (n = 2) at 300 and 375 mg/m2 respectively. The major hematological toxicities have been grade 4 neutropenia (n = 2) at 135 and 375 mg/m2. The MTD has been determined at 375mg/m2. Objective responses (OR) are seen in 6 out of 18 (33.3%) patients evaluated so far. 5 out of 10 (50%) cases of heavily pretreated breast cancer have shown OR. PK analysis has shown a linear correlation between the mean AUC and dose up to 375mg/m2.

CONCLUSIONS
The initial results of this study reveals that DO/NDR/02 may be safely administered without any premedications, to a higher dose than Cremophor Paclitaxel. It has also shown a linear PK profile and encouraging clinical activity in advanced breast cancers. [Figure: see text] [Table: see text].


In his article, Robert Sparrow (2019) builds his arguments on a precondition of rapid technical progress in gene-editing technologies on one hand and on the implication that that gene-editing techn...


This paper explores the Canadian response to the financial crisis from the perspective of policy capacity. While Canada's regulatory reforms in response to the financial crisis have been limited, this paper explores the role of both existing institutional arrangements and the analytical capacity of the agencies involved, in impeding effective "policy learning" in relation to the crisis. Canadian supervisory and policy-making capacity are fragmented amongst different agencies, whose effectiveness is weakened by the competing jurisdictional agendas of the key federal and provincial regulators over the securities industry. When combined with the significant differences in the capacities of staff in those agencies to learn from broader events, the lack of a programmatic reform effort is understandable. The paper offers a preliminary assessment of a survey of Canadian public policy professionals, building on prior research which has examined the skills and capabilities of government policy analysts (Howlett and Newman 2010,Wellstead, Stedman and Lindquist 2009). Acknowledgment: The survey data presented in this paper was collected as part of a SSHRC collaborative CEI research project between 2009-2011.


During manufacturing or service conditions, adhesively bonded composites are often subjected to impact. This impact may result in a reduction in strength and structural integrity of engineering components that are composed of adhesively bonded composite structures. The investigation of the degradation of strength of structural joints is, therefore, of paramount importance for their successful performance. Impact resistance of bondline in adhesively joined composites can be altered by the addition of nanoclay in the adhesive during fabrication of adhesive joints. In this study, impact test was carried out on graphite–epoxy composite panels bonded with nanoclay adhesive at different impact energies using drop-weight impact test equipment. Adhesive joints were fabricated by adding nanoclay in volume fractions of 1, 2 and 5% in the adhesive bondline. For comparison, plain adhesive joints were fabricated without nanoclay incorporation in the bondline. Impact testing was performed on these joints at 5, 10 and 20 J, to study the effect of inclusion of nanoclay in the epoxy adhesive. In order to determine the flexural load bearing capacity and stiffness reduction after impact, a three-point bending test was conducted on unimpacted and impacted specimens. The results showed that there was an improvement in impact capacity, however there was a reduction in flexural strength due to nanoclay incorporation.


The major challenges before the design engineers of a gas turbine plant and its variants are the enhancement of power output, substantial reduction in NOx emission and improvement in plant thermal efficiency. There are various possibilities to achieve these objectives and humid air gas turbine cycle power plant is one of them. The present study deals with the thermodynamic study of humid air gas turbine cycle power plants based on first law. Using the modeling and governing equations, the parametric study has been carried out. The results obtained will be helpful in designing the humid air gas turbines, which are used as peaking units. The comparison of performance of humid air gas turbine cycle shows that it is superior to basic gas turbine cycle but inferior and more complex to steam injected cycle.© 2005 ASME


Describes the basic concepts of a new piecewise linear circuit simulation program called PLATO. Piecewise linear modeling is a very generic and powerful approach to the modeling of electronic components. It allows for the use of macro modeling and mixed-level simulation because all components are modeled in a uniform way. Models are stored in a compact matrix notation. Default models can easily be redefined or modified without affecting the program code by simply editing the component library. Powerful algorithms are available for solving the piecewise linear equations, yielding global instead of local convergence, this way eliminating convergence problems occurring in more conventional simulators. Latency behaviour is utilized by the application of multirate integration techniques together with efficient sparse matrix methods. Results show that computational effort is mainly restricted to active circuit parts.<<ETX>>


Novel oligothymidylate analogues, achiral at phosphorus, exhibiting enhanced resistance to the action of nucleases and satisfactory hybridizing properties toward complementary DNA and RNA sequences, are proposed as models for antisense oligonucleotides


We show that turbulence in core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) which has been shown recently to ease shock revival might also lead to the formation of intermittent thick accretion disks, or accretion belts, around the newly born neutron star (NS). The accretion morphology is such that two low density funnels are formed along the polar directions. The disks then are likely to launch jets with a varying axis direction, i.e., jittering jets, through the two opposite funnels. The energy contribution of jets in this jittering-jets mechanism might result in an explosion energy of E exp ≳ 10 51 erg ?> , even without reviving the stalled shock. We strengthen the jittering-jets mechanism as a possible explosion mechanism of CCSNe.


1. Assistant Professor, Principal Govt. Guru Nanak Postgraduate College, Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan 2. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan 3. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan PAPER INFO ABSTRACT Received: February 06, 2020 Accepted: March 15, 2020 Online: March 30, 2020 Deriving the theoretical approach from French feminist theory, this article aims to explore within the domain of Afro-American women writing the nature of the relationship between female subjectivity, body and the language through discursive modes of expression, appropriated by Afro-American women writers to (re)inscribe the multilayered black hybrid subjectivities of the Afro-American female subject. The analysis of the theoretical connection between Poststructuralist Feminist theory and its praxis in Afro-American women's writing exposes the dynamics of gendered narratives about woman constructed by white male writers within phallogocentric patriarchal discourses. The present research employs ecriture feminine to analyze the discursive reconstruction of the subjectivities of Afro-American women in Toni Morrison's Beloved. The analysis employs stylistic techniques anchored in the poststructural ecriture feminist theoretical framework proposed by Helene Cixous, the key French Feminist theorist of the poststructuralist feminist school of thought


OBJECTIVES
To establish inter- and intra-rater reliability of observations in a functional capacity evaluation.

BACKGROUND
Functional capacity evaluations are used to assess a person's functional capacity as it relates to work. Lifting and carrying are important aspects of a functional capacity evaluation. An evaluator determines the patient's levels of effort through standardized observations. Questions remain with regards to the reliability of these observations.

METHODS
Four healthy subjects were videotaped while performing two lifts and four carries with progressive loads. The videotape was scrambled randomly and viewed twice by 3 physical therapists and 2 occupational therapists. The evaluators determined the amount of effort it required (light, medium, heavy, and maximum). The inter- and intra-rater reliability of the observations was expressed by means of percentage agreement.

RESULTS
Inter-rater reliability ranged 87-96%, intra-rater reliability ranged 93-97%.

CONCLUSION
The results indicate that by means of standardized observations, therapists can reliably determine effort level during lifting and carrying in healthy subjects, and thus affirm the findings of other studies of similar design.


West Java has traditional batik crafts developed in 27 districts/cities. The diversity in both style and variation af this traditional batik is a source of strength that is not found in other provinces. The spread of imitation batik (batik motif) put a serious threat for traditional batik craftsmen. The purpose of this research is to discuss the importance of regulating the use of traditional batik to increase the economic value and to support the geographical indication  in West Java .  This empirical legal research used both secondary and primary data. It is found that the regulation on the use of traditional batik as governed under the Governor Regulation is intended to increase the economic value and to support the geographical indication of West Java Province. This regulation is a strategic step in efforts to preserve, develop, and protect the existence of West Java traditional batik.


Motivated by channel measurements in different indoor locations we will show that the WLAN indoor MIMO channel is character- ized by few dominant transmission paths mainly corresponding to the LOS path and some strong reflections. In the contrary to the common statistical flat Rayleigh fading channel model we will explain that the WLAN channel is widely deterministic and fre- quency selective. Furthermore we calculate the channel capacity from the measured data and we show its dependence on the ge- ometrical arrangement of the transmit and receive antennas and the characteristics of the location. Here strong variations are ob- served and therefore we present some promising approaches that could be valid to reduce these capacity variations and enhance the overall capacity.


The article proposes to look at the idea of the infinity from the perspective of a French philosopher, Gaston Bachelard. His theory concerning the four elements is one of the twentieth century's most interesting elementary concepts. The aim of this work is to show a manifest link between the notion of the infinity and its realizations (materializations) on the physical plane, that is to say Bachelard's water and air. Both of these elements represent their own, specific kind of infinity, which is nonetheless very close to a man, because not only conceivable but also present in everyday life. Every single contact with the element is a touch of infinity.


It is proposed a method for operating a hybrid vehicle, said hybrid vehicle (1) having an engine, a gearbox, an electric machine, an electric energy storage device and an electric heating element, wherein in a first driving mode, both the internal combustion engine and the electric machine be used for the traction of the hybrid vehicle and being further turned on during a shift operation of the transmission in the first driving mode of operation the electrical heating element temporarily.


The traditional robot grasping system often uses fixed point grasping or demonstrative grasping, but with the increase in the diversity of grasping targets and the randomness of poses, the traditional grasping method is no longer sufficient. A robot grasping method based on deep learning target detection is proposed for a high error rate of target recognition and low success rate of grasping in the robot grasping process. The method investigates the robotic arm hand-eye calibration and the deep learning-based target detection and poses estimation algorithm. The Basler camera is used as the visual perception tool of the robot arm, the AUBO i10 robot arm is used as the main body of the experiment, and the PP-YOLO deep learning algorithm performs target detection and poses estimation on the object. Through the collection of experimental data, several grasping experiments were conducted on the diversity of targets randomly placed in the poses under real scenes. The results showed that the success rate of grasping target detection was 94.93% and the robot grasping success rate was 93.37%.


This research note examines the use of depleted uranium weapons in contemporary military interventions and the hazardous effects of their use. It also demonstrates attempts made by the United States and the United Kingdom to block any international efforts to ban the use of these weapons. Although there is no laboratory evidence, experiential evidence from Iraq indicates that depleted uranium weapons are dangerous to human health and the environment. This research note argues that the United Nations should play a leading role in seeking a ban on the use of these weapons in military interventions.


The invention relates to an inorganic immobilized bio-floating bed for controlling the water quality of an intensive fishpond and belongs to the technical field of the environment ecology engineering. The inorganic immobilized bio-floating bed is composed of floating bed floating plate units connected with each other, wherein each floating bed floating plate unit is composed of a floating plate body, cultivation baskets, a floating bed matrix and aquatic plants; connecting holes are formed in the corners of the floating plate body; cultivation holes are formed between the connecting holes; the cultivation baskets are placed in the cultivation holes; and the aquatic plants are planted in the cultivation baskets through the floating bed matrix. Through the adsorption and utilization of the aquatic plants on essential elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water in the growing process, and the adsorption of root system of the aquatic plants, the floating plate body matrix and the like on suspended solids in the water, the quantity of blue-green algae in water is effectively controlled, and pollutants in the water are transformed and degraded, thereby purifying the water and recovering the water ecosystem.


Defective DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) causes elevated tumour mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in multiple cancer types. dMMR/MSI colorectal cancers (CRCs) have enhanced T‐cell infiltrate and favourable outcome; however, this association has not been reliably detected in other tumour types, including endometrial cancer (EC). We sought to confirm this and explore the underpinning mechanisms. We first meta‐analysed CRC and EC trials that have examined the prognostic value of dMMR/MSI and confirmed that dMMR/MSI predicts better prognosis in CRC, but not EC, with statistically significant variation between cancers (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54–0.73 versus HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.72–1.58; PINT = 0.02). Next, we studied intratumoural immune infiltrate in CRCs and ECs of defined MMR status and found that while dMMR was associated with increased density of tumour‐infiltrating CD3+ and CD8+ T‐cells in both cancer types, the increases were substantially greater in CRC and significant only in this group (PINT = 4.3e‐04 and 7.3e‐03, respectively). Analysis of CRC and EC from the independent Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) series revealed similar variation and significant interactions in proportions of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes, CD8+, CD4+, NK cells and immune checkpoint expression, confirming a more vigorous immune response to dMMR/MSI in CRC than EC. Agnostic analysis identified the IFNγ pathway activity as strongly upregulated by dMMR/MSI in CRC, but downregulated in EC by frequent JAK1 mutations, the impact of which on IFNγ response was confirmed by functional analyses. Collectively, our results confirm the discordant prognosis of dMMR/MSI in CRC and EC and suggest that this relates to differences in intratumoural immune infiltrate and tumour genome. Our study underscores the need for tissue‐specific analysis of cancer biomarkers and may help inform immunotherapy use. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.


Five substrates, viz. , sorghum, rice bran, rice husk, pressmud and bagasse were evaluated to identify the most suitable substrate for large scale multiplication of six strains of Beauveria bassiana . The results of the study showed sorghum as the most suitable substrate as it yielded highest conidial count for all the strains and the conidial viability was also highest in the conidia harvested from sorghum. The strain Bb-5A was found to be the most vigorous among all the strains as it recorded highest conidial count per gram of the substrate on all the substrates used.


(57) Abstract: The method of angiogenesis, tumors, and ocular hypertension treated with steroids have been described herein. Steroids, shows angiogenic activity with diminished glucocorticoid activity. Preferred steroids, 6.alpha., 9a-fluoro -11β, 17- dihydroxy -16α- methyl - diene-3-one-17-carboxylic acid - pregna-1,4.


Flax fabrics are greatly appreciated by people for its excellent properties.With the traditional scouring process,the strength of flax yarn treated is damaged strongly and,the softness is poor.The principle that why traditional scouring process can damage the strength of flax yarn and why chelate disperse agent and softening agent can protect the strength of the flax yarn are analyzed in this paper first,and then the influence on the flax yarn properties of the agents amount mentioned above are studied on the basis of experiments.The experimental results proved that the softness and the strength of the flax yarn can be improved by the use of the chelate disperse agent and softening agent in the flax roving scouring process,but if too much softening agent are used in the process,the strength of the flax yarn gets lower,and the strength unevenness gets worse.


Objective:To analysis the content change of crocin in three sorts gardenia jasminoids ellis slices processed.Methods:A HPLC method was developed,the chromatographic conditions are as fellow:kromasil C18 column,4.6mm×200mm,5μm,methanol-water(50:50) as mobile phase,detection wavelength at 440nm,the flow was 1.0mL/min.Results:The content of crocin change markedly very much in three sorts slices.Conclusion:The average content of crocin in Sheng slice is 0.8%,0.6% in Chaohuang slice and 0.22% in Chaojiao slice.The content of crocin reduce sharply after processing.It is scientific to control the processing degree of gardenia jasminoids ellis slices with the crocin content.


Submitted for the OSF16 Meeting of The American Physical Society Analysis of Debye Scattering of 2-D and 3-D Simulated Carbon Crystals for Comparison with Electron Diffraction Patterns of Graphitic Stardust LINDSAY LESH, ERIC MANDELL, ALEXEY ZAYAK, Bowling Green State University — The objective of this research is to understand the structure of graphitic stardust found in primitive meteorites (e.g. the Murchison meteorite). The meteoritic carbon formations of interest exhibit a core-rim structure, where the core – with a density less than that of the graphitic rim – comprises the majority of the grain. There is reason to hypothesize that the cores of these grains are the result of the rapid freezing (quenching) of a liquid carbon droplet. In order to understand these structures, simulated 3-D carbon crystals were rapidly quenched from a gaseous state using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation software, GROMACS. The resulting condensates from these simulations have been analyzed using radial distribution function (RDF) calculations and Debye scattering calculations. In addition, it was necessary to understand how individual layers of differently shaped graphene sheets affect Debye scattering. Therefore, the Debye formula was also applied to simulated 2-D crystals – different sized apex-angled triangular shaped graphene sheets using the research software, Mathematica. The Debye scattering patterns from the 2-D and 3-D crystals were then compared with the experimental electron diffraction data from the stardust. Lindsay Lesh Bowling Green State University Date submitted: 02 Sep 2016 Electronic form version 1.4


Introduction: Iterative image reconstruction methods have become increasingly popular for parallel imaging or constrained reconstruction methods, but the main drawback is the long reconstruction time. In the case of nonCartesian imaging, resampling of k-space data between Cartesian and non-Cartesian grids has to be performed in each iteration step. Therefore the gridding procedure tends to be the time limiting step in these reconstruction strategies. With the upcoming parallel computing toolkits (such as CUDA [1]) for graphics processing units (GPUs) image reconstruction can be accelerated in a tremendous way [2,3]. In this work, we present a fast GPU based gridding method and a corresponding inverse-gridding procedure by reformulating the gridding procedure as a linear problem with a sparse system matrix (see Fig.1), similar to the approach in [4]. Methods: In MR literature the term "gridding" is often used as a synonym for a convolution interpolation. This process can be easily formulated as a problem of solving a set of linear equations


distinctions of the criminalistical characteristic of the crimes, connected with the illicit transferred of goods and technologies objects of export control and the responsibility for which is provided on art. 189 of the Penal Code through the customs boundary are revealed in this article. Objects and methods of the accomplishment of crime, including the cases of the intangible transfer of technologies, are classified. Examples of this transfer are described.


Based on result of observations, that the background of this research is the number of multiservice financing customers with ijarah contracts that fluctuate, where there are many factors that influence the development of the number of multiservice financing customers with ijarah contracts at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung. This study aims to determine how the influence of trust, commitment and sharia compliance on the loyalty of multi-service financing customers with ijarah contracts either partially or simultaneously at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung. The object of research is multi-service financing customers with ijarah contracts at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung. The type of research is associative quantitative, primary data and data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, literature study and questionnaires. Sampling with saturated sampling as many as 21 people. The results showed that there was an effect of trust on customer loyalty as seen from the analysis of the coefficient of determination of 40,3%, the effect of commitment on customer loyalty of 59,1% and the influence of sharia compliance on customer loyalty of 60,9%. There is a simultaneous influence between trust, commitment and sharia compliance on the loyalty of multiservice financing customers with ijarah contracts at PT BPRS HIK Parahyangan Bandung seen from the results of the coefficient of determination analysis with an R square value of 74,5%.


Polyester (PEPA) and polyether (PTMO) prepolymers with NCO end groups were synthesized. The chain extension reaction of these prepolymers with MOCA diamine was studied by FTIR spectrometry and found to be a second-order reaction. Data on chain extension reaction rate constants and activation energy showed that the chain extension reaction rate of the PEPA prepolymer with MOCA was faster than that of PTMO prepolymer with MOCA. Such a difference of chain extension reaction rate for PEPA and PTMO prepolymers with MOCA can be explained by hydrogen bonding interaction and miscibility between hard and soft segments in the cast polyurethane elastomer. The hydrogen bonding interactions of MOCA with PEPA prepolymer and PTMO prepolymer without chain extension reaction convincingly demonstrated the difference of chain extension reaction in the polyurethane-urea systems. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The research on a mercury arc was performed by movable probes. Through the result of this research the aspect of the distribution of potential, electron temperature, electron density, neutral molecul density and luminous appearance of discharge were made clear. Then the considerations on these quantities were done by dividing the phenomena into the anode fall, the positive column and the distribution of the mercury vapour density. Thus the extensive characteristics of a mercury arc were known.


The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or Agency) is classifying the cranial motion measurement device into class II (special controls). The special controls
that will apply to the device are identified in this order and will be part of the codified language for the cranial motion measurement device's classification. The Agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device.


At definition of influence of a lithology of rocks on asymmetry of slopes of river valleys rocks of the top chalk and a paleogene, the Tatar circle of the top Perm and Jurassic нижнемеловые, as the most meeting in the east of the Russian plain were investigated. To exclude influence of age of slopes on their steepness valleys of the small rivers in most cases having pozdnepleystotsenovy age were taken only. Degree of expressiveness of climatic asymmetry depends on depth вреза river valleys, a lithology of the breeds composing boards of valleys, the prevailing direction of river valleys.


The response of Capsicum annum and Capsicum chinense to varied nickel concentration was investigated. Nickel significantly (P<0.05) decreas ed stem length (cm plant -1 ), number of leaves per plant and length of leaf (cm) in C. annum and C. chinense . The content of chlorophyll a, b and Carotenoid was significantly ( P<0.05) affected by nickel stress and 10 mM treatment had the highest content of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid. In C. annum , Na + increased with increasing nickel concentration and in C. chinense , Na + decreased in a concentration dependent manner except 40 mM that recorded the highest Na + content. Potassium (K + ) content was significantly (P<0.05) affected by ni ckel stress in both plants. In C. annum , the control (0 mM) has the least content as compa red to the stressed treatments (10, 20 and 40 mM) while in C. chinense , the control (0 mM) had the highest K + content than the stressed treatments. The Na + /K + levels of both plants was low due to the high leve l of K + the plants accumulated which accounted for its survival under nickel stress. The result obtained indicated that C. annum and C. chinense are sensitive to nickel with decreased growth at hi gh concentrations.


Evidence from behavioral studies demonstrates that spoken language guides attention in a related visual scene and that attended scene information can influence the comprehension process. Here we model sentence comprehen- sion within visual contexts. A recurrent neural network is trained to associate the linguistic input with the visual scene and to produce the interpretation of the described event which is part of the visual scene. A feedback mechanism is inves- tigated, which enables explicit utterance-mediated attention shifts to the relevant part of the scene. We compare four models - a simple recurrent network (SRN) and three models with specific types of additional feedback - in order to explore the role of the attention mechanism in the comprehension process. The results show that all networks learn not only successfully to produce the interpretation at the sentence end, but also demonstrate predictive behavior reflected by the ability to anticipate upcoming constituents. The SRN performs expectedly very well, but demonstrates that adding an explicit attentional mechanism does not lead to loss of performance, and even results in a slight improvement in one of the models.


Three insecticides were applied Sep 14 to a Japanese beetle grub infested perennial ryegrass experimental area. Treatment plots were 10 × 10 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied in 3 gal of water with a hand-held sprinkling can. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker, followed by watering-in with 3 gal water. At treatment time, the following environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 75 F; soil temperature, 58 F; soil type, silt-clay-loam; soil pH, 6.4; percent organic matter, 2.6; soil condition, moist; amount of thatch, 0.125; and skies were heavily overcast. Post-treatment counts were made 42 days later (Oct 26). Four 1-ft2 sod-samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of surviving Japanese beetle grubs was recorded for each ft2 sample.


Background: As the life expectancy is rising, there is change in structure of the population. For the year 2018 the estimates are 8% of total population were above the age 60 years, and is likely to rise to 19% by 2050. There is implication of increase in the prevalence of chronic conditions such as cardio vascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, locomotor and mental disorders etc. social security is to provide sustenance to people who cannot work and earn their living due to aging. The objectives of the study were to assess the awareness and utilisation of social security facilities among elderly in rural area and to determine the Challenges in utilizing social security facilities among elderly in rural area.Methods: Descriptive study was done in Muthanallur village, Bangalore. All elders (60 years old and above) were interviewed using a pre-tested semi-structure questionnaire. Results are described in terms of proportions and percentages. The results with p-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: There were 194 (45.4%) subjects aged 60-69 years. A majority of them were females 244 (57.1%) and males 183 (42.9%). Study subjects residing in joint families were 360 (84.3%) awareness about IGNOAPS and IGNWPS was higher 206 (63%). Awareness among females (76.4%) were significantly more aware of IGNWPS as compared to males (87.9%) (p<0.05).Conclusions: Awareness and information to approach for utilizing the scheme and ease of administrative procedures should be an integral part of social security scheme.


Objective To observe the clinical value of rigid internal fixation of small titanium plate treating patients with mandibular fracture. Method The patients with mandibular fracture treated in our hospital from 2010 to 2013 were selected and randomly divided into two groups, with 40 cases in each group. Control group patients were treated with maxillary traction wire internal fixation and observation group patients were treated with titanium mini plate rigid internal fixation. The badness of occluding relation for 16 weeks after occlusion and limited mouth opening and related adverse reaction between the two groups were compared. Result The fracture line of two groups of patients was basically disappeared at sixteenth week, the occurrence rate of the badness of occluding relation and limitation of mouth opening and the weight loss after operation in operation group were significantly lower than that in control group(P0.05), the recovery time of body weight for the operation grpup was significantly shorten than that in control group(P0.05), but the infection rate of the two groups after operation had no significant difference(P 0.05). Conclusion Rigid internal fixation of small titanium plate can evidently treat mandibular fracture, and the bone healing after operation is good, which has evident advantage for occluding relation and mouth opening compared with traction fixation.


The utility model discloses a three-phase insulation monitoring alarm, comprising a voltmeter monitoring alarm device and an alarm-lamp luminescence alarm device. According to a dual alarm system formed by the voltmeter monitoring alarm device and the alarm-lamp luminescence alarm device, alarm is reliable, an electric leakage phase can be directly observed and conveniently and rapidly searched.


Anthocyanins can improve vascular endothelial function by increasing the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), a powerful vasodilator. Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) contains anthocyanins that act as antioxidants and are expected to preserve endothelial function by increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. To prove this hypothesis, a study was done on 24 adult male Wistar rats that were divided into 4 groups which consist of 6 rats for each group, with randomized control group pre- and post-test design. Hypertension in those rats was induced by the administration of high doses of NaCl. Rats of the control group were treated with NaCl for 14 days. Treatment groups were treated with NaCl and aqueous extract, ethanolic extract and syrup of purple sweet potato tuber, respectively, with a dose of 4 ml per day for 14 days. Blood pressure was measured every day with special sphygmomanometer, before treatment and during treatment. The eNOS expression of aortic endothelium was evaluated immunohistochemically using eNOS antibody. This study showed that there was a significant difference in blood pressure between the control group with treatment groups (p<0,05), in which the blood pressures of treatment groups were significantly lower than the control group. The increase of eNOS expression in rats treated with aqueous extract or ethanolic extract of purple sweet potato was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0,05). These results suggested that the administration of aqueous or ethanolic extract of purple sweet potato tuber may lower blood pressure and increase the expression of eNOS in rats with NaCl-induced hypertension.


Recently, with the increasingly popularity of microblog, all sorts of people release and get information through the microblog. They gain the convenience in their lives at the same time Inevitably facing more kinds of rumor. For the influence forwarding behaviors of users have on spread of news, research based on forwarding behaviors of users has significant importance to interest recommendation, marketing, curbing rumors and so on. To solve the problem, Sina microblogging, for example, we analyzed and studied factors affecting the user forwarding behavior in use of the acquired data after data preprocessing. First, we divided them into two categories: user attributes and content attributes. User attributes consists of microblogging number of users' fans, concerns, collections and microblogg released by users. Content attributes refer to the emotional tendency of users to publish microblog, that is, whether the emotion is positive or negative. We used the processed data to analyze and study the effect on forwarding behavior of these factors, and finally conclude a result of factors that affect the users' forwarding behavior.


We describe an estimation technique of biomass burning emissions in South America based on a hybrid remote sensing fire products (GOES-8 WF_ABBA, INPE_AVHRR, MODIS) and field observations. For each fire pixel detected by remote sensing the mass of the emitted tracer is calculated trough field observations of fire properties related to the type of vegetation burning. The instantaneous fire size given by WF_ABBA product is used as an estimate of burned area. The sources are then spatially and temporally distributed and daily assimilated by the CATT-BRAMS (Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System, Freitas et al., 2005) which prognoses tracer concentrations. Two others biomass burning inventories (EDGAR 3.2 described at Olivier (2002) and derived from TOMS aerosol index described at Duncan et al., (2003)) are also used and a comparison between the three estimations is shown. Model results present good agreement with MODIS aerosol products and local observations and point out some improvements on the estimation by the technique described in this paper. Operational products are available on a daily basis at www.cptec.inpe.br/meio_ambiente


The ceramic foam with porosity of 0. 85 was modeled by an array consisting of 128 rectangles distributed regularly in a two-dimensional computational domain. The process of droplets impingement on the walls was simulated with the rebound model. By changing the temperature of ceramic foam wall, spray cone angel and injection speed, the evaporation and mixing of fuel droplets were investigated numerically under laminar and 0. 101 MPa condition. The simulation results show that the temperature of ceramic foam wall is the key factor for determining the fuel evaporation rate. The fuel vapor distributes more homogeneously at bigger spray angle, and less homogeneously at low injection speed.


Morphology and histology of the alimentary canal of hilsa, Tenwlosa ilisha (Hamilton) in relation to feeding habit have been studied. The study reveals that the absence of teeth and masticatory organs in the mouth, presence of very fine, numerous elongated closely set gill rakers, pharyngeal pouch, short narrow cylindrical oesophagus, highly developed muscular gizzard like pyloric stomach and moderately long intestine (RLG varies between 0.86 and 1.87) in hilsa show that the species is predominantly microphagous in feeding habit. The results of stomach content analysis of fry, juvenile and adult also give support to the above contention. It is also evident that young hilsa mainly subsist on zooplankton and adult are microphagous planktivore.


In this article the classical approach to GaAs based solar cells modeling has been improved by taking into account additional physical mechanisms like surface recombination, radiation recombination, and non-radiation recombination, which have a significant impact on to modeling result but were not previously considered in the early developed physical model. Among these types the surface recombination is the most valuable because it connected with surface states that introduce the energy level that lies in the semiconductor bandgap between the valence and conduction bands. The quality of semiconductor material directly affected on surface states concentration which connected with crystal boundary action and impurity's adsorption on the end surface. In improved model also have been included the photon recycling mechanism which plays an important role in approaching GaAs based solar cells model to the full compliance. Building a photon re-absorption model and assuming some boundary conditions has been carried out using the modifying Steiner model and in addition with detailed consideration of recombination processes on the device inner surfaces were allow to modeling not only single-junction GaAs solar cells but also multi-junction elements with maximum conversion efficiency. It has been shown that main components to increase GaAs based solar cells efficiency are low surface recombination velocity and realization of good rear-side mirror.


Limited government is the prescription of the treatment of the unlimited government problems too difficult to solve in the background of the government's overall intervening society and economy that leads to negative effects such as rapid expansion of the government institutions,administrative inefficiency and heavy financial burden.With the sharp changes of ecological environment,this mode is not adapted to the development of administrative practice and the rising requirement for the government's performance.For China,a reasonable choice doesn't consist in government's size,but consists in fully carrying out social responsibility and duty,and leads china towards the effective government with modernization and high performance.So the key to administrative reform in China is the establishment of the effective government that suits China's actual conditions,and that promotes economic and social development instead of the small government.


Small business in Russia in its formation and development faces many problems, most of which are objective in nature and require a decision at the state level. Recent years to support this sector of the economy, the state is actively engaged in the creation of business incubators. In the functioning of business incubators, entrepreneurs are provided with the necessary resources and support to promote the diffusion of innovative products, implementation of scientific and technical developments in production, solve the employment problem. Russian movement of business incubators and more than 10 years, but only in the last two years this has been a real interest from both government and private individuals.


The method for the determination of chlorine in bromine by ion chromatography is established.The method for pretreatment of sample is determined and the operating condition is discussed.The method for pretreatment is to remove bromine with water-bath evaporation and reduce free chlorine in bromine with sodium sulfite.The relative standard deviation is between 0.68% and 1.46%,the average recovery is 97.4%.


The article explores the history of Kazakh deputations to the Russian imperial court in the mid-to-late 19th century. For the first time in historiography, we have analyzed the deputative missions of the Kazakhs during this period as a mechanism for interaction between the imperial ruling circles and the steppe elite. The article aims to scrutinize the goals and objectives of sending deputations, the composition of participants, and the characteristics of this practice throughout its existence.
Amidst the social transformation of Kazakh society – spurred by the integration of the steppe region into the broader imperial space – the status of the local elite began to be determined more by personal merits to the empire than by class origin. The Russian authorities viewed the practice of deputations as a means of bolstering the loyalty of the steppe aristocracy, and also to draw them in as participants in the empire's civilizing mission in the East.
For the Kazakh elite, this practice provided an opportunity to solidify the authority among their peers, served as recognition of their merits at the highest level, and offered a path to integrate into the pan-Russian administrative class. Over the period in question, the number of petitions submitted by representatives of the Kazakh elite has consistently dwindled. By the end of the 19th century, the practice of deputations had ultimately degenerated and began to assume a mostly symbolic role.
This article is intended for specialists studying the policy of the Russian Empire in Kazakhstan.


This chapter focuses on the articulatory phonetics of English vowels; thus, it identifies descriptive parameters for vowel articulation in English, differentiates monophthongs and diphthongs, classifies the vowels of American English using these parameters, and addresses vowel reduction in American English. The theoretical material is followed by a pedagogical consideration of how the specifics of the articulatory characteristics of English vowels can be addressed in the classroom to facilitate comprehension and production of English vowels by English language learners. Supplementary materials are suggested for readers offering sample activities that could be used by language practitioners in ESL classrooms for this goal, as well as for exploring other dialects of English, including specific regional dialects falling under the umbrella of General American English, the variety addressed in this chapter.


In this paper, in view of the current distance learning platform focused too much on the general lack of personalized defects, through analysis on the individualized learning characteristics, we create the overall design model of the personalized learning, and gives the design and description of the relevant sub-function modules. It'll effectively solve the problems of too much commonness in network education, help to stimulate learning motivation, and improve the learning interest and learning quality.