We discuss the topological CP1 model which consists of the holomorphic maps from Riemann surfaces onto CP1. We construct a large-N matrix model which reproduces precisely the partition function of the CP1 model at all genera of Riemann surfaces. The action of our matrix model has the form where M is an N × N Hermitian matrix and tn,P(tn,Q), (n = 0, 1, 2, …) are the coupling constants of the nth descendant of the puncture (Kahler) operator.


Virtually imaged phased arrays (VIPA) offer high dispersion compared to conventional gratings and have been proposed as buildings blocks for several photonic devices, including wavelength multipliers, chromatic dispersion compensators, waveformgenerators and pulse shapers. We introduce an elastomer-based tunable VIPA, providing an additional degree of freedom for these devices. In particular, we investigate its capability to implement reconfigurable optical interconnects. In a wavelength demultiplexing setup it allows for both compensation of misalignment as well as reconfiguration of a source wavelength to a target channel. It consists of an elastomer layer sandwiched between two structured silver coatings on a glass substrate forming the resonator cavity. Using Joule heating of the top silver layer a thermal expansion and a thermo-optic effect of the elastomer cavity is induced allowing for tuning the effective optical resonator cavity. We report a tuning span of one free angular range by a temperature increase of less than 10K induced by a power change in the low mW regime. Both resonance quality and tunability of the device are investigated.


: Objective To survey on pathophysiologic changes after injection of Anding into rabbit sciatic nerve trunk.Methods Experimental side was injected of 5 mg Anding,control side was injected of 1 ml physiological saline .To Survey in different stages rabbits' sciatic nerve threshold potential and pathologic change.Results nerve threshold potential in experimetnal side after injecting medicine was obviously higher than befor injecting medicine and control side (P


The major problem of UML activity diagrams is the lack of a rigorous approach for verifying the correctness of a model. In this paper, we examine how activity diagrams defined in UML 2.0 standard are formally analyzed using NuSMV model checker. A model represented as activity diagrams is first transformed into NuSMV input language and then verified that a set of system specifications is satisfied using NuSMV.


[Problems] excellent storage stability at low temperatures, and to provide a lubricating oil for a viscosity-modifying agent and lubricant additive composition for obtaining the lubricating oil composition excellent in viscosity characteristics at low temperatures. [SOLUTION] lubricant viscosity modifier of the present invention is a lubricating oil for viscosity modifier comprising a resin (alpha), the resin (alpha) is, meet certain requirements, and the main chain and the side grafted olefin polymer satisfying the following requirements is composed of chains (i) and (ii) including the [R1]. (I) the main chain, and ethylene, made of a copolymer of at least one α- olefin selected from α- olefin having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, the structural units derived from the ethylene 74~86mol It is located in the% of range. (Ii) the side chain, ethylene and consists of a copolymer of at least one α- olefin selected from α- olefin having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, structural units derived from the ethylene 30~65mol It is located in the% of range.


Palms have traditionally been associated withanemophily, or wind pollination (Henderson1986). Delpino (1870) was one of the primaryproponents of this theory, relating the"primitiveness" of anemophily to the palmfamily. Many botanists (Drude 1889, Kerner1895, Rendle 1904, Cook 1927) continued themyth popularized by Delpino, despite someconsiderations that palms could be insect- andwind-pollinated (Coulter & Chamberlain 1915,Kugler 1955). The hypothesis of anemophilyin palms also arose as a result of theirinflorescence and pollen morphology –typically massive inflorescences producingsmall, inconspicuous flowers and largequantities of pollen. As Henderson discussedin his review, Good (1956) even went so far asto describe palms as the tropical counterpartsof catkin-bearing dicotyledons. Later studiesmaintained that palms are primarilyanemophilous in the temperate zone (Baker &Hurd 1968, Stebbins 1974), highlighting theneed for field studies that empirically test thisassumption. The general hypothesis ofanemophily in palms has been abandoned andevidence now suggests that entomophily, or acombination of both may be more commonamong palms (Dransfield et al. 2008).


Using the procedure to calculate the stability,stiffness and strength of water pipe can not only solve the tedious manual calculations,error-prone and other shortcomings,but also is fitter to the needs of the future development of large generating units,which has a good application prospects.


Background and purpose:Total cystectomy and neobladder are one of the most effective treatments for invasive bladder cancer.But the procedure is complicated and time consuming,it could cause massive blood loss and complications.Some patients even develop urinary incontinence after the procedure.This study is to improve the procedure and investigate the efficacy of modified operation.Methods:119 patients(male 109,female 10)with invasive bladder cancer had been treated with modified total cystectomy and neobladder.The mean age of the patients was 55(range 33-78)years.The operative time,blood loss and blood transfusion during the operation was documented.The outcome including neobladder function,complications,tumor control and patients' survival,were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The procedure of total cystectomy and neobladder has been modified in 8 steps.From January 2000 to February 2007 119 patients with bladder cancer underwent modified cystectomy and neobladder.There was no surgical mortality.Operative time was 150-330 min(mean 245 min);blood transfusion was required in 39(32.8%)cases。9 of them had pathologically T1N0M0,and invasive tumor in 110 cases(T2N0M0 in 102 cases,T3aN0M0 in 3 cases,T3aN1M0 in 2 cases,T3bN1M0 in 2 cases and T4N1M0 in 1 cases).So far,108 patients still survive disease-free;ten patients died of tumor metastasis and 1 case died of non-tumor cause.113(95%)patients were continent during daytime and 97(81.5%)patients were continent at night.Complications including wound dehiscence in 5 cases,urine leakage at ureter anastomosis in 1 case and conglutination of ureter orifices in 8 cases,were corrected surgically without sequelae.Conclusions:Modified total cystectomy and neobladder was an ideal method for treating invasive bladder cancer because of its excellent clinical outcome of tumor control,high quality of life,good urinary continence and few severe complications.


In Jinxian structure, Bohai Bay Basin, an exploration has made a great breakthrough since 2005. And 1.5×108t of geological reserves was discovered in Jinxian 1-1 oilfield. Along with a new- round exploration, the newest evaluation on current oilfields within this basin was implemented. And a completely new evaluation on reservoir- forming conditions was finished by using some geochemical parameters on source rock, such as hydrocarbon-generating potential, organic-carbon content, kerogen type, and pyrolysis temperature. Results show that for the source rock in this structure,(1) there is a wide distribution and a big thickness;(2) its organic matter has high abundance, and large organic carbon content and hydrocarbon- generating potential;(3) it is dominated by IItype kerogen, with very little I-type one; and(4) its organic matter is in a stage from low mature to mature. In addition, it is found that in the study area, there are three suites of source rock with good quality, the best for Shahejie 3 Member, the second for Shahejie 2Member, and the last for Dongying 3 Member with shallow burial depth, respectively.


To develop an effective process for the recovery of precious metals from scrap, we investigated a new platinum extraction process using alloy formation by magnesium vapor and successive leaching with an aqueous solution. Pure platinum plates were reacted with magnesium vapor at constant temperatures ranging between 873 and 1173 K for 3 h, and Mg–Pt alloy samples were synthesized. The obtained Mg–Pt alloy was then dissolved in aqua regia or in an aqueous HCl solution at room temperature. Platinum was recovered from the leaching solution by conventional precipitation technique, and the platinum obtained by each process was analyzed chemically. It was found that 94% of the platinum was recovered by this process. After Mg vapor treatment, 100% of the platinum was dissolved when kept in aqua regia for 1 h, whereas only 25% of untreated pure platinum was dissolved when kept in aqua regia for 4 h.


A Master of Arts Thesis in Translation and Interpreting (Arabic/English) by Rima Malkawi Entitled, "The Ideological Stamp: Translation of Political Discourse in News Media," submitted in June 2011. Available are both hard and soft copies of the thesis.


Apamarga is one of the important raw drug used in Ayurveda. Achyranthes aspera is used as the genuine source plant of the drug apamarga. The main properties and uses of apamarga is, it is very useful in digestive system disorders, it alleviates vomiting, it is a good source of potassium so it will also good for heart problems etc. The present study deals with the comparative analysis of morphological, anatomical and histochemical characters of A. aspera and C. prostrata. These two plants show similarities and differences between them at morphological, anatomical and histochemical levels. This study helps to identify the genuine plants of the drug apamarga for the preparation of ayurvedic medicine.


The invention relates to a method for inputting and filtering characters by handwritten strokes on a touch screen, which comprises the following steps of: analyzing the input as stroke input by detecting a contact moved by a user on the touch screen; rapidly filtering a candidate word list generated by other previous input methods; and helping the user to rapidly find candidate words.


This study aims to: (1) design a decision support system that can provide convenience for the permanent employee selection committee in making decisions about the results of the permanent employee selection. (2) implement the application of a permanent employee selection decision support system at PT. Pharos Indonesia. Designing a Decision Support System for the Selection of permanent employees at PT. Pharos Indonesia is intended to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of time in terms of decision making for the selection of permanent employees. The results of the study indicate that the system designed is very supportive of Permanent Employee Selection Decisions at PT. Pharos Indonesia by providing convenience in making objective and transparent decisions.


When Anderson's model Hamiltonian is applied to the adsorption of atoms by metals, the basis orbitals cannot be regarded as orthogonal, and overlap effects must therefore be included in the theory. This is easily accomplished, not only in the Hartree-Fock approximation, but also in the exact many-body theory. Only the former is discussed in detail. Numerical calculations with parameters chosen to represent some features of the adsorption of hydrogen, and sodium atoms by tungsten are reported, and it is shown that, whereas overlap is essential in a quantitative treatment of the binding energies, the work of elucidating the electronic structures of adsorbed atoms can be started without including it explicitly in the theory.


discipline's professional periodicals is the most exemplary. Or so it seems. For usually, when either department or periodical prestige is tapped, it is known what shall constitute the sample. When Glenn (1971), for example, established a prestige ranking for sociology journals he surveyed members of the American Sociological Association. Or when Giles and Wright (1975) evaluated political science periodicals, political scientists were sampled. While this sampling strategy seems rather obvious, it is only effective for disciplines like sociology and political science because there exists a well-defined membership group. But who is sampled when journal prestige among disciplines with no well-defined membership group is being assessed ? Or for disciplines considered multidisciplinary? Or for disciplines whose members' first allegiance is to some other professional association? Or for disciplines where the only thread integrating members is the speciality's theme? The research presented here examines periodical rankings for one discipline, criminal justice, which continually must


Abstract : The behavior and comparative performance of the Listen-While-Talk (LWT) and Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) CSMA contention protocols are examined using analytic and simulation techniques. The equilibrium throughput and delay equations for the non-persistent LBT and LWT protocols are derived. Simulation results are provided for the 1-persistent LWT and LBT protocols as implemented on the MITRE coaxial cable system. The throughput and delay performance of the LWT protocol is demonstrated to be superior to that of other contention protocols for use in local networks. Dynamic control procedures, similar to those used in other contention systems, are applicable to LWT CSMA protocols. (Author)


In a high density culture of rotifer (beyond the levels of 103ind./ml), the amount of aeration needed to maintain an optimum dissolved oxygen (DO) level increases. In order to investigate the effect of aeration on the population growth of rotifer, a series of experiments were carried out. The S-type rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis was cultured at high density using 10l vessels under different aeration conditions. Air or oxygen gas was introduced into the culture media through two types of sparger which formed different sizes of bubbles, at aeration rates from 0.1 to 2.0vvm. The bubble-size from the two kinds of sparger were estimated from the value of KLa (volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient). When the aeration rate was high or the ceramic sparger that formed smaller bubbles was used, DO in the culture system remained at a high level. However, under these conditions, the growth of the rotifer population was seriously inhibited due to very high aeration rates and small bubbles, possibly as a result of foaming separation. When oxygen gas was introduced into the culture system, the density of rotifer was higher than that when air was introduced. Therefore, it is recommended to introduce high-purity oxygen gas for a high density culture to avoid any growth inhibition and to maintain optimum DO.


feeds on vengeance and generation. Hence the originality of Apollodorus' Gaia resides in her active role in the theomachic struggle, unlike, for example, in Hesiod's Theogony, where she is well incorporated into the new Olympic rule. In connection with Pelops' banquet, A. surveys once again the 'diacronia della tradizione', taking into account primarily Pindar's first Olympian. In Apollodorus the θεῶν ἔρανος does not have an intrinsically impious undertone. Rather, 'l'attenzione del mitografo si concentra, piuttosto, sulla rinascita dell'eroe e sugli effetti che conseguono alla sua bollitura' (p. 106), as a process necessary to produce Poseidon's infatuation with the boy and the subsequent abduction. The key to the understanding of the passage in the Bibliotheca lies in ὡραιότερος γέγονε. The predicative ὡραιότερος has to be interpreted as 'physically mature', as 'in a suitable age for sexual intercourse', instead of 'beautiful'. This interpretation puts the rejuvenation aspect into the spotlight. A. examines other examples of dismemberment and boiling with the intention of immortalising, such as Medea's deception of Pelias' daughters or Demophon in the Hymn to Demeter. These parallels highlight the return to ἥβη as a necessary condition to access a state superior to humans and adjacent to the gods. A. amply demonstrates that there are mythical variants in Apollodorus that reflect ancient traditions, such as this rejuvenation ritual, which, due to its entanglement with the cannibalistic episode, had lost its positive meaning for later authors. Scholars interested in myth re-telling and the case of Apollodorus' Bibliotheca, in particular, will find this volume profitable. A. successfully acknowledges how necessary it is to understand the syntax, connections and associations that a mythical image establishes with others, in as much as 'la tradizione ha conservato la sequenza di immagini mitiche, che costituiva il nucleo più antico dei racconti, pur attribuendo loro valori e giustificazione diversi' (p. 122). A.'s fruitful method helps us recognise the processes that create an original narrative in a particular temporal stratum of the tradition.


The contribution of Batik industry have exceptional influence for the Indonesian economy. The value of batik and batik products in 2017 reached 58, 46 million us dollars. Indonesian batik is exported to Japan, United State of America, and Europe (Cabinet Secretary Republic Of Indonesia, 2018). In giving incentive towards creativity and innovation to the batik industry, the government have an important role as a regulator. This research used qualitative and investigation method. The local government as a stakeholder or extension of central government play an active role in solving the problems ofintellectual property right especially in batik industry. This will be an incentive for the batik creativity and innovation in the long term.


As part of our continuing interest in the photochemical properties of bichromophoric molecules (Lippke et al., 1974, and references therein), we have for some time been intrigued by the report of McLaren et al. (1953, 1964) of unusual photoreactivity in the homologous series, q5( CH ,),CONHCH(CH &OzH, when / I = 3 (Table 1). The possible involvement of internal sensitization in protein photodegradation remains the subject of active debate (Smith and Hanawalt, 1969), and the data in Table 1 can be used to support the existence of a mechanism for internal photosensitization of the amide linkage by the remote phenyl group. The data are particularly fascinating since there is now ample evidence that rapid internal complexation of a n excited singlet chromophore, by a second, unexcited non-conjugated group, can occur if the two moieties are separated by three methylene units (i.e. the 'rule of three'; Hirayama, 1965). The phenomenon has been shown to result in photochemical changes involving one or both of the groups (Ferree et a!., 1971; De Schryver and Put, 1972; Lippke et a/., 1974). The optimization of interaction at I I = 3 has been attributed to the ability of such molecules to easily assume a conformation in which the two chromophores are coplanar (Hirayama, 1965). In part because of McLaren's report, we studied some time ago an analogous series of aryl esters (q5(CH2),CO2CH2CH2OCH2CH3) and have reported the quantum efficiencies for Norrish Type I1 decomposition initiated by 254 nm light (Brainard and Morrison, 1971). The data are summarized in Table 2 as the efficiency of acid production (q5.,crd) and the effi-


The book presents information in a remarkably clear and easy-to-understand fashion, using abundant illustrations to demonstrate hands-on treatments and explain disease pathophysiology. Fully visual text lets the nurse read less and understand more, improving her skills and gaining confidence as a health professional through pictures. Follow these real-world visuals and top-notch directions for treating common diseases.


© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Association for Clinical and Translational Science. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Consideration of health literacy in implementation science


Although Buddhist practices virtually disappeared some centuries ago in South Asia, there are many Buddhist ruins in the land where this religion originated. Two sites, Bodh Gaya in eastern India and Bamiyan in Afghanistan, seem quite distinct in how the evidence of their pasts is valued. Bodh Gaya is lauded as the sacred site where the Buddha was enlightened, and its considerable history is blended into a timeless present. At Bamiyan the only well-known event is the recent destruction of the two gigantic Buddhas. Yet in both cases political concerns have significantly shaped the present interpretation of their ruins.


A BRIEF HISTORY IS PRESENTED OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPEN- TEXTURED BITUMEN MACADAM CARPETS. STUDIES ON THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS ARE DISCUSSED: (1) THE WEATHERING OF ROAD TARS, (2) THE EFFECT OF THE AGGREGATE COMPOSITION AND THE VISCOSITY OF THE TAR ON THE LIFE OF TAR CARPETS, AND (3) THE HARDENING OF TARS ON EXPOSURE. THE CONCLUSIONS REACHED AFTER EXPERIENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUCCESSFUL MEDIUMTEXTURED WEARING COURSES WITH ROAD TAR ARE: (1) THE VISCOSITY OF THE TAR SPECIFIED MUST BE SUCH THAT AFTER LAYING AND COOLING TO ROAD TEMPERATURE IT IS SUFFICIENTLY FLUID TO PERMIT ADEQUATE COMPACTION OF THE AGGREGATE STRUCTURE BY ROLLING AND SUBSEQUENT TRAFFIC, (2) THE MIXING TEMPERATURE SHOULD NOT BE SO HIGH THAT THE TAR HARDENS UNDULY, (3) THE TAR MUST BE RELATIVELY SLOW HARDENING SO AS TO ALLOW FURTHER DENSIFICATION OF THE WEARING COURSE UNDER THE ACTION OF TRAFFIC, (4) THE AGGREGATE GRADING MUST BE SUCH AS TO GIVE A FAIRLY CLOSE TEXTURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER ROLLING, (5) THE COMPOSITIONS MUST GIVE A CONSISTENT APPEARANCE AND MUST CONFORM TO THE SPECIFICATIONS, AND (6) THE COMPACTED THICKNESS MUST BE NOT LESS THAN TWICE THE NORMAL SIZE STONE. IF THESE REQUIREMENTS ARE MET, THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT THE SOURCE OF THE TAR HAS LITTLE EFFECT ON THE LIFE OF THE SURFACING MATERIAL.


The common PP chips have been used to prepare high shrinkage PP fibers with shrinkage in boiling water higher than 50%. Meanwhile, the process conditions on fiber structure and properties have been discussed in detail. With the increase of drawing temperature, the shrinkage in boiling water of the fiber increases at first,and then decreases in the temperature range from 70℃ to 100℃. The better drawing temperature is from 75℃ to 85℃ according to the melt index of the PP material. The shrinkage in boiling water of PP fiber increases with the increase of pump delivery. The orientation factor and crystallinity increase with the increase of drawing temperature. With an increase in drawing temperature,unit-cell numbers and monomer unit numbers in every crystal nucleus tend to increase, but unit volume crystal nucleus tend to reduce.


Abstract: A total of 344 soil cores were taken in annually cropped fields of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario from 2011 to 2013 in areas where the field shapes, or obstacles within fields, required the driving pattern of farm operations to overlap. Soil nitrate-N concentrations in overlapping areas were 60% greater, soil Olsen-P concentrations were 23% greater, and pH was 0.5 units greater at 0–15 cm depth compared with non-overlapping areas, suggesting smaller nutrient use efficiency and potential for greater nutrient loss.


For network automation and intelligence in 5G, the network data analytics function (NWDAF) has been introduced as a new network function. However, the existing centralized NWDAF structure can be overloaded if an amount of analytic data are concentrated. In this paper, we introduce a distributed NWDAF structure tailored for federated learning (FL) in 5G. Leaf NWDAFs create local models and root NWDAF construct a global model by aggregating the local models. This structure can guarantee data privacy since local models are created in NF, and can reduce network resource usage because the global model is created by collecting local models.


This work presents the model of the record of 3-dimensional transmission gratings at 0<k<1 and h = 1+k (k- exponent of intensity and h- the exponent of monomer concentration in photopolymerization equations). The comparison of kinetics of transmission gratings record in this kind of photopolymers and its diffraction performances for the optional value of k (0<k<1) are carried out on the base of the numerical simulation. The model also takes into consideration the following factors: polymerization and diffusion mechanisms of record, the photo-induced optical absorption, and the change of diffusion coefficients during the record according the polymerization level.


We have developed microwave photonic monolithically integrated circuits operating at the frequencies of over 100 GHz. In this article, two integrated components are presented. One is InP/InGaAs uni-traveling carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) integrated with low-loss coplanar waveguide (CPW) on Si. The other is monolithically integrated 120-GHz photonic emitter in which UTC-PD was integrated with patch antenna on Si. The performance of UTC-PD on Si was similar to that of UTC-PD on InP. The loss of our CPW is 3 times lower than that of conventional one at the frequencies of over 100 GHz. For the monolithic photonic emitter, we demonstrated the radiation of millimeter-wave signal.


This article presents the results of Maurice Casey, The Solution to the 'Son of Man' Problem, and their impact on the understanding of the expression in the New Testament gospels. The probable background is seen in an Aramaic mode of speech where bar nash means nothing more than 'man', used by the speaker either about himself, or about himself and others, or about somebody whose identity becomes clear through the context. Thus there is nothing Messianic about the expression in itself.


Accurate estimating or measuring the intake manifold absolute pressure plays an important role in automobile engine control. In order to achieve the real-time estimation of the absolute pressure, the high accuracy and high speed processing ability are required for automobile engine control systems. Therefore, in this paper, an analog method is discussed and a fully integrated analog circuit is proposed to simulate automobile intake systems. Furthermore, a novel behavioral macromodeling is proposed for the analog circuit design. With the analog circuit, the intake manifold absolute pressure, which plays an important role for the effective automobile engine control, can be accurately estimated or measured in real time.


We describe a technique for the automated synthesis of new composite web services. Given a set of component services described as abstract bpel4ws processes enriched with semantic annotations, and given a composition requirement, we automatically generate an executable bpel4ws process that, once deployed, is able to interact with the components to satisfy the requirement. We focus in particular on the description of the annotations that we have to add to the abstract bpel4ws processes in order to capture the "semantic" aspects of their execution, and of the role that these semantic annotations play in the automated composition task.


This paper provides a survey on a class of so-called subspace methods whose main proponent is CCA proposed by Larimore (1983, Proceedings of the 1983 American Control Conference 2). Because they are based on regressions these methods for the estimation of ARMAX systems are attractive as a result of their conceptual simplicity and their numerical advantages as compared to traditional estimators based on criterion optimization. Under the assumption of correct specification the methods provide consistent and asymptotically normal estimates for stationary ARMAX processes where the innovations may be conditionally heteroskedastic and the exogenous inputs are strictly stationary of sufficiently short memory. For stationary autoregressive moving average (ARMA) processes with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian innovations the estimates are even asymptotically efficient. For I(1) ARMA processes the estimates of both the long-run and the short-run dynamics are consistent without using the knowledge that the data are integrated in the algorithm. Additionally the algorithms provide easily accessible information on the appropriateness of the chosen model complexity. The algorithms include a number of design parameters that have to be set by the user. These include the order of the estimated system. This paper collects up-to-date knowledge on the effects of these design parameters, leading to a number of suggested automated choices to obtain a fully automated estimation procedure.


Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) is one of the most popular techniques to characterize dynamic properties of ferromagnetic materials. Among various FMR measurement techniques, the homodyne FMR detection has been frequently used to characterize thin-film ferromagnetic multilayers owing to its high sensitivity. However, a drawback of this technique was considered to be the requirement for a structural inversion asymmetry, which makes it unsuitable to characterize a single layer of ferromagnet. In this study, we demonstrate a homodyne FMR detection of the Kittel's mode FMR dynamics of a single layer of FeNi by creating a non-uniform radio-frequency excitation current.


The new research facility Extreme Light Infrastructure – Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) is under construction in Romania, on the Magurele Physics campus. Valued more than 300 Meuros the center will be operational in 2019. The research center will use a high brilliance Gamma Beam and a High-power Laser beam, with unprecedented characteristics worldwide, to investigate the interaction of very intense radiation with matter with specific focus on nuclear phenomena and their applications. The energetic particle beams and radiation produced by the 2x10 PW laser beam interacting with matter will be studied. The precisely tunable energy and excellent bandwidth of the gamma-ray beam will allow for new experimental approaches regarding nuclear astrophysics, nuclear resonance fluorescence, and applications. The experimental equipment is presented, together with the main directions of the research envisioned with special emphasizes on nuclear physics studies.


Maintaining or restoring productive freshwater fisheries is a key challenge for resource managers. However, the inherent uncertainty and complexity of managing fisheries, often based on scant environmental data, make it difficult for managers and the public to reach consensus on appropriate actions. To help deal with this issue, we created a literature‐based decision support system to diagnose limiting factors for stream brown trout fisheries. Once limiting factors are determined, appropriate management actions can be tailored to address them. Our Bayesian belief network (BBN)‐based framework serves 2 functions: (a) It directs users to assemble a parsimonious environmental data set to inform stream fishery management, and (b) it integrates and interrogates these data to generate standardized and testable hypotheses about which environment factors are likely to limit trout productivity. The BBN has been trained on brown trout because among freshwater fish, this species has the richest literature base and is highly valued worldwide. However, the framework could be adapted for other stream fish. We applied our BBN to the Horokiri Stream, a data‐rich catchment in Wellington, New Zealand. The BBN probability outputs were comparable with the conclusions of 5 experienced fishery biologists following their detailed investigation into the factors that led to the loss of the Horokiri brown trout fishery between 1951 and 1990.


Habermas maintains that neoliberalism precludes the building of a European demos and entails a regression towards the exclusionary but still democratic nation state. Although this article agrees with Habermas's claim regarding the regressive impact of neoliberalism, it argues that this regression is best described as moving not towards an exclusionary but still democratic national people but rather towards an illiberal, anti-democratic nation state.


Objective:To explore the difference in susceptibility to high-fat diet induced obesity in rats,as well as the changes of serum proteins. Method:Forty male SD rats were divided into basic group and high-fat diet group randomly. After 5w feeding DIO(diet-induced obesity)and DIO-R(diet-induced obesity resistance) rats were selected according to their body weight gain. The rats were sacrificed and the changes of serum proteins were screened using WCX2 proteomic chips made by American Ciphergen Biosystems. Results: DIO rats were significantly different from DIO-R rats in body weight,body-fat ratio,blood glucose and blood lipids. At the molecular weight range between 2 to 100 ku,the proteins with molecular weight of 7 945 and 9 513 were significantly expressed differently between DIO and DIO-R rats,and the proteins with molecular weight of 4496, 6152, 6267 were significantly expressed differently between DIO-R and control rats (the rats were fed basic diet). Conclusion:Different susceptibility to DIO or DIO-R was found in SD rats when they were fed high-fat diet. The differentially expressed serum proteins between DIO rats and DIO-R were observed,which might provide the basis for further isolation,purification and identification of these proteins.


120 healthy 1-day-old chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups(namely C,ⅠandⅡ,respectively), 40 for each group. On 3-day-old, chickens ofⅡgroup were took orally with 1.0 mL Shenqi oral solution once a day for three days. Chickens ofⅠandⅡgroup were vaccinated with ND vaccine (Lasota) on 7-day-old. C group was the control without any treatment. The concentration of IL-2 in serum of chickens in each group was detected on 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35-day-old. The results showed that the concentration of IL-2 in serum of chickens ofⅡgroup were higher thanⅠgroup in the whole experimental stage and significantly higher thanⅠgroup on 7, 14 and 21-day-old (P0.05). This experiment shows that Shenqi oral solution can significantly increase the concentration of IL-2 in serum of chickens vaccinated with ND vaccine in the early and mid stage and also can markedly improve the immunity response of chickens vaccinated with ND vaccine in the period.


After a brief exposition of the concept of the grey zone of health and illness, I will investigate the medical research on alcohol consumption, particularly in relation to intoxication. Intoxication is considered by medical science research to be a serious health risk. The WHO takes a very strict approach to alcohol consumption, now calling even moderate consumption a 'low risk' (as against a safe) activity. This paper will address the temptation to intoxication encompassed in social contexts in relation to the phenomenon of sociability. The frame of reference of medical science will be seen to be different to the frame of reference that makes the experiential truth of the magic territory opened up by social intoxication available. Drawing on the work of Gadamer and Plato, this difference will be examined in reference to the grey zone between health and well-being. The interrelation between sociability and intoxication will be developed as a feature of well-being.


Registration of partially overlapping 3D point clouds of an object is the initial phase in the 3D modeling pipeline. The automatic coarse alignment of a pair of 3D images is usually performed by 3D feature matching. Robust estimators like RANSAC are employed for 3D transformation estimation from point correspondences obtained by feature matching, in the presence of outliers. The number of RANSAC iterations required depends directly on the number of correspondences and inliers. Many variants of RANSAC have been proposed for the computer vision tasks like stereo matching, structure and motion estimation, image retrieval etc. This paper presents a study on the potential of two widely stated RANSAC variants - PROSAC and LoSAC - for 3D registration. Further, a new algorithm -ProLoSAC - which combines the relative merits of the two is proposed. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated on different pairs of partially overlapping 3D views of three different 3D models. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm finds the best transformation in less iteration compared to the other algorithms.


In this paper we have proposed an adaptive dynamic cache replacement algorithm for a multimedia servers cache system. The goal is to achieve an effective utilization of the cache memory which stores the prefix of popular videos. A replacement policy is usually evaluated using hit ratio, the frequency with which any video is requested. Usually discarding the least recently used page is the policy of choice in cache management. The adaptive dynamic replacement approach for prefix cache is a self tuning, low overhead algorithm that responds online to changing access patterns. It constantly balances between lru and lfu to improve combined result. It automatically adapts to evolving workloads. Since in our algorithm we have considered a prefix caching with multicast transmission of popular objects it utilizes the hard disk and network bandwidth efficiently and increases the number of requests being served.


The objectives of this study are to investigate the combined heat and mass transfer enhancement using binary nanofluids as the working fluids in a H2O/LiBr absorber. The result of heat and mass transfer experiment with the additives(Arabicgum, 2E1H) showed that the heat and mass transfer performance of binary nanofluid with 2E1H enhanced significantly in comparison with that without additive. In the case of 0.01wt% Al2O3 binary nanofluids with 2E1H, the vapor absorption rate increased up to 77% in comparison with that without additive. The heat transfer rate of 0.01wt% Al2O3 binary nanofluids with 2E1H increased up to 19%. Based on the experimental results, it is recommended that the Al2O3 binary nanofluid be good with 2E1H to improve the heat and mass transfer performance.


The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), is a serious agricultural pest and is widely distributed in the world. In this study, sensilla morphology on the larval antennae and mouthparts of S. exigua (Hubner) was observed with a scanning electron microscope. The antenna possesses two sensilla chaetica, one sensillum styloconicum, three large sensilla basiconica, and three small sensilla basiconica. The mouthparts bears plenty sensilla, especially in galea and maxillae palpus of maxillae, and in labial palpus, which might be act to recognize host. In addition, the possible functions of these sensilla are discussed based on the previously published literatures.


Parking search creates environmental and economic externalities through heightened vehicle pollutant emissions, congestion-related time delays and safety hazards arising from drivers performing on-street parking manoeuvres. Current modelling techniques applied to parking search time have not utilised a more comprehensive analysis in which hierarchically structured data on multiple levels could be addressed. The aim of this paper is to identify factors influencing parking search time using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models. A revealed-preference on-street parking survey (N=1,003) was undertaken in four cities in the East Midlands region of the UK to obtain individual driver-level socioeconomic and other parking related factors that may influence parking search time. Statistically significant variables for each of the cities were identified by employing separate linear regression models. A multilevel mixed-effects model in which drivers are nested within streets was then applied to the pooled dataset. Significant differences in the set of statistically significant variables and coefficient values of influencing factors between the two modelling approaches were obtained. A large value of intra-class coefficient (ICC) indicates that the use of a multilevel model in identifying the factors affecting on-street parking search time is more appropriate. Important factors were identified as: arrival time at parking place; trip length from origin to parking; parking habits; driver stress; walking distance from parking to destination; parking tariff; income; and weather. Interpretation of these variables has been presented.


This paper considers the initial value problem of general nonlinear stochastic fractional integro-differential equations with weakly singular kernels. Our effort is devoted to establishing some fine estimates to include all the cases of Abel-type singular kernels. Firstly, the existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence on the initial value of the true solution under local Lipschitz condition and linear growth condition are derived in detail. Secondly, the Euler–Maruyama method is developed for solving numerically the equation, and then its strong convergence is proven under the same conditions as the well-posedness. Moreover, we obtain the accurate convergence rate of this method under global Lipschitz condition and linear growth condition. In particular, the Euler–Maruyama method can reach strong first-order superconvergence when \begin{document}$ \alpha = 1 $\end{document}. Finally, several numerical tests are reported for verification of the theoretical findings.


INTRODUCTION: Abraham Maslow created one of the most enduring psychological constructs, the hierarchy of needs. Maslow, himself, did not create the oft-shown pyramid but it is the image that comes to mind when the construct is mentioned. There have also been reports that Maslow's work fails to give due credit to the Blackfoot peoples of Southern Alberta for their seminal contribution to the hierarchy. There is a vibrant debate in the literature and in public spaces regarding this. Such a debate may not matter as Maslow's construct does not represent Blackfoot philosophy. Hierarchical needs of understanding are not representative of their world view and the place of self-actualisation is very contrary to Maslow's understanding. Maslow's own writings do not support the notion that Blackfoot knowledge influenced him greatly in respect of the construct. In concert with the Elder knowledge keeper in the project, we explore the history of Maslow and the Blackfoot people along with knowledge held by Elder wisdom.
APPROACH: The article concludes by suggesting that Blackfoot ways of knowing represent their own views and that Maslow's hierarchy has never been their understanding.
IMPLICATIONS: Social workers are, thus, invited to critically assess the theories used in practice and their relevance and validity for the populations engaged in their work.


AIM
To explore the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) in Kupffer cells (KCs) following liver ischemia/reperfusion injury IRI in rats.

METHODS
Forty male SD rats were divided randomly into five groups. A model of partial warm ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat liver was established. KCs were isolated and incubated one hour, six hours, 12 h, and 24 h after the reperfusion. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. MIP-1alpha in KCs was detected by immunocytochemical and RT-PCR.

RESULTS
No or few MIP-1alpha protein and mRNA were expressed in the KCs of the control group. Its expression in the IRI group had a significant increase after the reperfusion (P < 0.05), which was contrary to the control group.

CONCLUSION
The active behavior of the MIP-1alpha gene in KCs following liver ischemia/reperfusion injury is assumed to be one of the major causes for the hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.


This article reports the results of a study guided by a conceptualization of leadership as an organizational quality. The study examines the relationship between the leadership exerted by principals, teachers, secretaries, and parents; four functions of effective organizations; and several measures of school effectiveness. The results of path analyses revealed the following: The total amount of leadership in schools was associated with two organizational functions, which in turn were associated with four measures of school performance. The leadership of principals and the leadership of groups of teachers were positively related to organizational latency, or commitment, which was positively associated with the perceived effectiveness of schools and negatively associated with teacher turnover. Finally, the leadership of parents was positively associated with student achievement, whereas the influence of secretaries was negatively associated with student achievement.


After joining WTO ,We need to think and know culture and his multiple attribute and function of cultural industry from the background of the globali zation.For this reason ,this articles explores the orientation of our country's.culture development through the analysis of the way of changes in the cultural industry resources,the promotion of the advanced national culture towards the world and the creation of traditional culture.


In this work, total conversions between longitudinal and transverse modes are achieved within an elastic metamaterial plate with thickness of two orders smaller than the wavelength. The ultrathin metamaterial plate consists of an array of anisotropic dipolar resonators obliquely-oriented, which can transfer the longitudinal movement into the transverse one, or vice versa, accounting for this effect. A mass–spring model is developed to depict analytically the mode conversion with a quantitative agreement with the simulation. The conversion rate of the metamaterial plate remains above 95% in varying solids, showing good adaptability in practical applications.


Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity has been measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 85 patients admitted to a psychiatric ward, all suffering from major depressive disorders according to Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). Symptomatology was rated using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS). CSF somatostatin was negatively correlated with variables describing an active depressive phase marked by general depressive symptoms such as fatigue, depressive appearance, insomnia and subjective inability to distinguish a triggering cause for the episode. We found no relationship between CSF somatostatin and depressive hypersecretion of Cortisol as measured by dexamethasone suppression tests. The results indicate that low levels of somatostatin in CSF (predominantly mirroring extrahypothalamic pools, e.g. from the cerebral cortex) may attain importance as a state marker for depression. Biological marker, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), depression, somatostatin.


Blind adaptive algorithms extract signals that overlap in time and frequency by exploiting their temporal structure, but ignore any available spatial (array response) data. On the other hand, direction-finding based methods compute the signal copy weights using estimates of the signal directions, but ignore information about signal structure. In this paper, we present two simple iterative techniques that attempt to incorporate both temporal and spatial information in estimating the signal waveforms received by an array of sensors. The first technique assumes an initial blind signal estimate is available, and uses least-squares to approximate the array response and refine the signal estimate. The second method is applicable to digitally modulated signals, and uses bit decisions made on an initial signal estimate to recompute the signal copy weight vectors. A theoretical performance analysis of both algorithms is conducted for the high SNR case, and some representative simulation results are included.<<ETX>>


Many of the problems now facing the human race on Earth are, in fact, life support issues. Decline of air Quality as a result of industrial and automotive emissions, pollution of ground water by organic pesticides or solvents, and the disposal of solid wastes are all examples of environmental problems that we must solve to sustain human life. The technologies currently under development to solve the problems of supporting human life for advanced space missions are extraordinarily synergistic with these environmental problems. The development of these technologies (including both physicochemical and bioregenerative types) is increasingly focused on closing the life support loop by removing and recycling contaminants and wastes to produce the materials necessary to sustain human life. By so doing, this technology development effort also focuses automatically on reducing resupply logistics requirements and increasing crew safety through increased self-sufficiency. This paper describes several technologies that have been developed to support human life in space and illustrates the applicability of the technologies to environmental problems including environmental remediation and pollution prevention.


A CPU chip-on-board module for low and mid-range computers is described. The module consists of a CPU bare chip, 24 SRAMs packaged in the SOJ and some bypass capacitors. The module substrate is a printed circuit board (PCB) made of imide-triazine resin. The module (156 mm/spl times/58 mm) consists of four signal metal layers and four power/ground metal layers. A square through hole (17 mm/spl times/17 mm) for the CPU is formed in the central part of the PCB. A thermal spreading metal is glued to the PCB from the rear side, covering the square hole, and the CPU chip is die-bonded on the metal plate. The thermal resistance can be made smaller than 2/spl deg/C/W at a 0.4 m/s of wind velocity. Numerical analysis of electrical characteristics of the module shows that it can reduce signal delay time from the CPU to cache memories by 10% compared with that of a daughter board type module with the CPU packaged in a pin grid array. It is estimated that simultaneously switched noise can be reduced by 60% from that of the daughter board type module.<<ETX>>


been published since the last such paper by Giordano et al. [2]. The increasingly wide range of options available to surgeons for the treatment of haemorrhoids differ considerably in terms of invasiveness, post-operative pain, convalescence time and, most importantly for the patient and the NHS, recurrence. A major problem experienced when designing or comparing studies lies with establishing a robust definition of 'recurrence', particularly as no validated scoring system exists. Some studies rely on clinical examination and patient-reported symptoms [3], whereas others rely solely on symptomatology. When considering symptoms only, some authors consider a patient to be 'recurrencefree' when they have no symptoms at all [4], whilst others adopt a more pragmatic approach by considering recurrence as symptoms which have not improved or have worsened, as we have done [5,6]. This heterogeneity is likely to have a significant influence on the results of any pooled analysis, yet Pucher et al. fail to mention it in their paper. In addition, the very large range of time points at which recurrence was recorded in the included studies (6 weeks to 5 years) is likely to have further affected the pooled analysis. It would seem sensible for the colorectal community to develop a standardized definition of recurrence and a validated symptom score to allow robust and comparable trials in the future.


The effect of specular reflections on the construction of a hologram is examined by polarization filtering. Filtering is accomplished by orienting the plane of polarization of the reference wave perpendicular to that of the incident object beam. It is found that the resolution and tonal range of the reconstructed image are enhanced.


Ceratoides lanata (Pursh) J.T. Howell is a shrub with numerous annual branchlets from the family Chenopodiaceae and is widely distributed in brackish water playas of northern Utah. Seeds had no dormancy, and about 90% of the seeds germinated in nonsaline control. Seed germination decreased with the increase in salinity, and more than 10% of the seeds germinated at 900 mmol/L NaCl. Almost all seeds germinated in less than 24 h, and no additional seed germinated after this time. Gibberellic acid had no effect in alleviating salinity effects; however, kinetin and fusicoccin substantially alleviated the effect of salinity on germination, while ethephon almost completely reverted the effect of salinity.Key words: Ceratoides lanata, gibberellic acid, ethephon, fusicoccin, halophytes, kinetin.


One critical issue for manufacturing of map-molded packages is the warpage induced during the molding process. A cure-dependent viscoelastic constitutive model has been established to describe the evolution of material properties during the curing process of a thermosetting polymer. The evolution of the rubbery moduli is described by a model based on scaling analysis and is measured with a new method. The relaxation behavior of the transient part is described by the cure-dependent relaxation amplitude and reduced relaxation times which are based on the time-conversion superposition principle. The cure-dependent parameters are characterized by using an combinational approach of DMA and DSC measurements. The predictions agree well with the experimental results. FEM is conducted for QFN map molding processes, and prediction of the warpage induced during the curing process and the cooling down is made. The results show that warpage induced during the curing process has a significant contribution on the total warpage. Furthermore, when decreasing the number of maps, the contribution of curing-induced warpage significantly increases.


Pathologic alterations of the cerebral ventricles and subarachnoid spaces are well demonstrated by computerized tomography with the EMI scanner.Hydrocephalus, arachnoid and porencephalic cysts, cerebral atrophy, tumors, hemorrhages and congenital anomalies are illustrated.These examples were selected from the scans of more than 500 patients.


Multiple algorithms have been developed to identify and characterize the high‐need (HN) Medicare population. However, they vary in components and yield different populations, and were developed for varying purposes. We compared the performance of existing survey and claims‐based definitions in identifying HN beneficiaries and predicting poor outcomes among a community‐dwelling population.


Optimal monetary policy requires an understanding of how inflationary shocks affect the variability of price levels across regions (relative price variability, or RPV). There is now a body of economic theory suggesting that the relationship between RPV and aggregate inflation could take several different forms, so policy needs to be informed by good econometric evidence. Policymakers might also be concerned about the variability of inflation rates across regions (relative inflation variability, or RIV), but some theory also suggests that the relationship between RIV and inflation could be quite different from the relationship between RPV and inflation. Most empirical studies are concerned with either RPV or (more frequently) RIV, so there is little evidence on the extent to which RIV-inflation patterns differ from RPV-inflation patterns within a particular economy. Using price level datasets from three different countries, we show that the patterns are typically very different, although there are some cross-country similarities in the form of these differences. The effect of inflation on social welfare – and the appropriate policy response – therefore depend on the relative importance of RPV and RIV in the social welfare function.


Magnetic resonance (MR) data were acquired in a six-frequency PoroPerm + Light Oil mode in the study well. The acquired data had a low signal-to-noise ratio from midpoint to the top of the logged interval. This ratio could adversely affect the suitability of this data for hydrocarbon fluid typing and saturation computation.
 Examination of the detailed quality control plot showed high B-pulse ringing on the two lowest and the third highest frequencies, A-pulse ringing on the two lowest frequencies, and noise on the two lowest frequencies. The affected frequencies could not be used for fluid typing analysis. The reduction in the total number of available frequencies resulted in a high diffusivity, especially in the gas-bearing reservoir sand. High diffusivity caused some of the movable fluids to appear as irreducible bound water. The low hydrogen index of the gas also caused a low-permeability profile.
 Despite the failure of some of the acquired frequencies, there was a need to identify and quantify the fluid type in the reservoir. Several fluid-typing techniques where employed to find a suitable technique for this dataset. After trying Multiple Gradient Inter-Echo Time (MGTE) analysis, the Simultaneous Inversion of Multiple Echo Trains (SIMET) module, and a 2D NMR (D-T2) technique, we decided to use D-T2 analysis because it gave results consistent with the gamma ray and density neutron logs. The D-T2 Analysis module is a software implementation of the 2D/3D NMR technique that solves for the T2 and D, or T1 /T2, T2, and D distributions from wireline magnetic resonance data. Often the results are shown in 2D image form by summation of the individual images having different T1 /T2.
 The fluid typing result from D-T2 analysis showed the presence of gas and light hydrocarbon. The gas had an average saturation of 70%, while the oil had an average saturation of 65%. The oil viscosity varied slightly with the overburden gradient, increasing from 0.36cP at the top, to 0.55cP at the bottom. Although the resistivity-based saturation was not compared with the MR-derived saturations, the saturation result and other computed results match the average reservoir properties of offset wells within the vicinity of the study well. The results are also consistent with the gamma ray and density neutron logs.


This paper presents a case study in functional programming. The paper is based upon a chapter of the course notes of a grammars and parsing course which the authors have given to undergraduate students. The chapter presents a functional program that generates eecient functional LR(1) parsers.


We report the fabrication and characterization of a one-dimensional acoustic cavity made on a tapered single-mode optical fiber with two acoustic mirrors. The mirrors are acoustic Bragg gratings formed by modulating the fiber diameter periodically. The cavity exhibits resonances with quality factors of around 300. Higher Q factors are achievable by increasing the number of periods in the gratings. A simple transfer matrix model successfully simulates the acoustic properties of the cavity. This type of acoustic cavity is of interest for its potential applications in acoustooptic components and the development of devices based on stimulated Brillouin scattering.


A US nurse visits village health care projects in Malawi Zaire and Zambia every year. Her July 1992 visit confirms that AIDS is not only a health problem but also a social problem. In sub-Saharan Africa HIV-infected persons suffer discrimination and AIDS leaves many orphans. This visit reveals that African traditions e.g. polygamy compounds the AIDS problem. Widows are supposed to marry shortly after their husbands death resulting in further transmission of HIV if the husbands died of AIDS and had infected the widows with HIV. Sometimes widows of husbands who died of AIDS and their children are evicted from their homes and must care for themselves. AIDS is not only a problem among the poor e.g. 34% of girls at a good school in Nairobi Kenya are HIV positive. 2-3 deaths from AIDS occurs daily at a 135-bed hospital in Mzimba Malawi. The families tend to support AIDS patients to remain on hospital grounds and to provide most of the bedside care. Many clergy in Malawi are reluctant to do their traditional preparation of the deceased bodies for burial because of AIDS. The Luanshya Hospital in Zambia witnesses an increase of AIDS-related deaths among men working in the mines in the prime of their working lives. Families tend not to want to care for these men because they fear they too will become infected. Many people in Zaire are never diagnoses with or treated for AIDS. Some villagers have developed their own classification system of slims disease (i.e. AIDS). Many people believe witchcraft or evil spirits cause AIDS. Despite the enormous impact AIDS has on Africa and the existence of some good AIDS prevention programs sexual behavior is not changing considerably. More successful approaches to AIDS education prevention and/or treatment are needed.


The Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) instrument aboard the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) maps the full microwave sky in order to measure the large-angular-scale anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Solar system foreground sources, instrumental effects, as well as data recovery and processing, can combine to create statistically significant artifacts in the analyzed data. We discuss the techniques available for the identification and subtraction of these effects from the DMR data and present preliminary limits on their magnitude in the DMR 1 yr maps (Smoot et al. 1992)


Compared with traditional quality management and assessment manner,balanced scorecard is an epoch-making tool for strategy management.The balanced scorecard has been applied in educational field home and abroad,and it is a kind of significant attempt for the balanced scorecard to be used for the construction of strategy management framework and strategy index system.


Aimed at dealing with poor theory lack,greater difficulty more,low-level design,and poor cutting performance,as is revealed by pick arrangement on a cutting head of roadheader,this paper introduces the development of a parameterization theory of pick arrangement,involving envelope,same rise-angle helix,bus connections,pick distribution on helix and other issues.The paper proceeds with the design of parameterized software models of pick arrangement for "cutting head shape design" panel,"helix design" panel,"pick distribution" panel and external interfaces,by using a computer program programmed by MATLAB GUIDE language.The practical parameterization of pick arrangement on a longitudinal roadheader cutting header proves that the method affords significantly improved design efficiency.


This paper describes the pattern and economic indicator system of the Suzhou City Develop Planning of Circular Economy.It analyzed achievement of the Suzhou City in the past two years,pointed out the regional circular economy planning which meet the actual Circular Economy,provided scientific base for decision-making by relevant departments and detail design of regional planning to improve the sustainable development of regional development.


In this paper a series of associations of earthworms found in the Valencian Community are characterized. The different associations are located in fixed climatic environments and habitats existing in the whole area of study. Several multivariate statistical techniques based on multivariate dependencies together with new association indexes defined in this paper have been applied.


Aeolian features at Oxia Planum—the 2023 landing site for the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin Rover (ERFR)—are important for Mars exploration because they record information about past and current wind regimes, sand transport vectors, and lend insight to the abrasion, deposition, and transport of granular material. To characterize the wind regime and erosional history of Oxia Planum we used a combination of manual observational and machine-learning techniques to analyze the morphometrics, distribution, and orientation of 10,753 aeolian bedforms (Transverse Aeolian Ridges[TARs]) and landforms (Periodic Bedrock Ridges [PBRs]) around the ERFR landing ellipses. We found that, irrespective of the scale of the TARs, crestline azimuths are consistent across the study area and we infer that the bedform forming winds blew from NW-NNW toward SE-SSE. PBR azimuths show by E. Favaro et al. (2020) in Argentina, the stoss and lee slopes of TARs in Oxia Planum can be identified. This allows for characterization of the winds necessary to result in these orientations. The sun angle at time of image acquisition is also noted, demonstrating these albedo relationships are present in terrestrial and martian megaripples and TARs, respectively, irrespective of sun angle. TAR, Transverse Aeolian Ridges.


[Objective] To measure the levels of human β-defensin-2(hBD-2)in the induced sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and investigate the possible role of hBD-2 in COPD.[Methods] 10 samples of induced sputum were collected separately from severe COPD patients,stable COPD patients and healthy subjects.The distinguish of cells in each group of samples was determined by Wright's staining.The levels of hBD-2 in induced sputum were semi-measured by Western blotting analysis,and the concentrations of IL-1β in induced sputum were measured by ELISA.[Results] The rate of neutrophilic granulocyte in induced sputum from severe COPD patients and stable COPD patients was significantly higher than that of those healthy subjects(P 0.01).The value of hue of hBD-2 in induced sputum by Western blotting analysis from stable COPD patients and severe COPD patients were significantly lower compared to those healthy subjects(P 0.001),and the value of hue of hBD-2 in induced sputum from severe COPD patients were also significantly lower than those stable COPD patients(P 0.01).The concentrations of IL-1β in induced sputum from stable COPD patients were significantly elevated compared to healthy subjects(P 0.001),while the concentrations of IL-1β in induced sputum from severe COPD patients were also significantly higher than those in stable condition(P 0.01).The value of hue of hBD-2 in induced sputum by Western blotting analysis is negatively correlated with the concentrations of IL-1β(r=-0.689,P 0.01).[Conclusion] The expression of hBD-2 in the induced sputum in COPD patients is elevated and has some relationship with IL-1β,which means hBD-2 may play a role in the inflammatory process of COPD,


This study aims to reveal the historical and future relationship between droughts in the Yangtze River basin and hydropower capacity in Zhejiang Province. Generally, the interannual variation of hydropower capacity is positively correlated with the 12-month timescale of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) over the Yangtze River basin during 1999–2018, so a more severe drought event in the Yangtze River basin leads to lower hydropower capacity in Zhejiang Province. Therefore, a linear regression model is constructed based on their year-to-year incremental relationship, which is significant at the 99% confidence level. Using five global climate models that are good simulations of the interannual variability of precipitation/surface air temperature over the Yangtze River basin, the results suggest that the severity and the frequency of drought would increase relative to 1999–2018, with a drought event (SPEI < −0.5) happening once every 2.7 and 2.2 years under 1.5 and 2.0°C warming scenarios, respectively. Based on the interannual incremental relationship between hydropower capacity and SPEI, the hydropower capacity in Zhejiang Province will decrease by 0.34 (1.23) billion kWh under the 1.5°C (2.0°C) warming target when only the meteorological conditions are considered. When further development of hydropower stations in the future is also considered, the hydropower capacity would increase by −0.28 (1.11) billion kWh under 1.5°C (2.0°C) warming using the logistic growth model. Consequently, the drought events and the development of the hydroelectric system would jointly influence the hydropower capacity in the Yangtze River basin, and the meteorological conditions of a drying trend would contribute to lower hydropower capacity in Zhejiang Province in the future.


Some highly abstract elements in communication theory are presented by Professor Braga, who invites correspondence from our readers, in English, French, or Italian. He considers communication as the formal aspect of action, simplifies the problem of meaning, and introduces models for elementary analysis.


I am sending herewith the results of the special magnetic declination observations taken on June 8 in behalf of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, as well as additional observations taken at the eclipse station. Only part of the observations taken at the eclipse station are included, for the reason that during a greater part of the week, June 10–15, magnetic conditions were very disturbed.... As June 13 was the least disturbed of any day during the week, I am sending the dip observations taken on that day. The observations of declination, also the afternoon observations of horizontal intensity of June 13 are also included.


The market structure of Fushun petrochemical company(hereafter called "the company") in the considerations of the company's cost structure and commercial environment is analysed on the base of the "Botter 5th" theory. It emphasizes the impacts from industry and macro economic environment by the use of "Botter theory",expecting that can establish the competitive market advantages of the company and can build the framework of competitive strategy,according effects of the enterprise internal factors.


As for the sudden blockage accident of the FGD mist eliminator in desulfurization system at Shanwei Power Plant,this essay analyzes the various possible causes for such a blockage.Analyzing the actual operation and adopting the elimination approach,it finally finds out the answer to the problem and also puts forth some issues that should be paid attention to in daily operation.


The field of Comparative and International Education has evolved considerably from its origins in the early nineteenth century when research focused on providing descriptive accounts of educational provision elsewhere that would inform the development of national education systems. Attention to developing theories and methods for systematic and rigorous comparison, and the problems involved in making such comparisons, began in the late nineteenth century (Phillips & Schweisfurth, 2008) and remains an area of interest and debate. More recently, paradigmatic shifts towards post-positivist and poststructuralist frameworks as well as other societal and contextual shifts mean that researchers must constantly develop their thinking about designing and using appropriate methodological tools and be aware of a plethora of methodological issues that go beyond how to compare and include such issues as how to conduct ethical and credible research in international and intercultural contexts. The proliferation of globalisation, internationalisation and Europeanisation has led to an increase in mobility, migration and diversity in societies, educational institutions and workplaces, as people move to live, study, work and conduct research abroad. Advances in technology have also broken down barriers to international communication at a distance, although this is not the case in some remote and underdeveloped locations. Researchers of all disciplines are increasingly collaborating with 'cultural others' (Sanderson, 2004) both within and across geographical borders and it is now commonplace to work on large interdisciplinary projects involving participants from other countries, regions and contexts. Researchers and methodologists therefore face new opportunities and challenges as they engage in the research process. Operating in an era of 'supercomplexity' (Barnett, 2000), they are required to develop certain skills and competencies that will enable them to understand and communicate appropriately with people from other horizons, include and make sense of multiple perspectives and shifting identities, and design appropriate methodologies that produce credible and ethical research outcomes. The development of researchers' intercultural competence, defined as 'the ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in intercultural situations based on one's intercultural knowledge, skills and attitudes' (Deardorff, 2006, p. 8) is key, as is the development of emotional and social intelligence, particularly when engaged in interpretative and qualitative research where the emphasis is on understanding 'others'. In line with this background, this thematic issue sets out to explore some of the theoretical and methodological issues of conducting research in international, intercultural and comparative education. Each article makes a contribution to this theme by discussing the approaches, complexities and challenges of conducting empirical research, and some of the theoretical and conceptual difficulties encountered, offering insightful solutions and recommendations. Before providing an introduction to and synopsis of each individual article, I summarise the key


The bacterial nature and the symptoms of the angular-leafspot of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) have been clearly described by Smith and Bryan (15). Prior to this paper the disease had been reported in this country by Burger {1-4) and from Europe by Traverso {16) and Potebnia {12). The two latter writers accepted Burger's statement that the organism which caused the spots on the leaves was also responsible for a serious rotting of the fruit. The inoculation studies made by Smith and Bryan (75) showed that the bacterium which caused the leaf-spotting was unable to produce a soft-rotting of the fruit. Extensive tests by the writer have confirmed their finding in this regard. The bacterial cause of the disease was determined independently by the writer in the summer of 1915, as set forth in a preliminary note (5). The morphological and physiological studies which were subsequently made of a strain of the causal organism isolated from a Wisconsin specimen gave results essentially in agreement with those reported by Smith and Bryan (75). The name given to the organism by these writers is "Bacterium lachrymans." According to Migula's system of classification it would be called "Pseudomonas lachrymans." The damage caused by the angular-leafspot can not be accurately estimated. It varies greatly with differing weather conditions, but enough weather favorable for the disease prevails each year to make the injury of considerable importance (PI. 13, A). The writer's ideas as to the destructiveness are based mainly on his field experience in" Wisconsin and adjoining States during three summers, together with more limited observations in Virginia and southern California. It is when the disease appears in a field early in the summer that the greatest damage results, as would naturally be expected. Young plants


The author discusses the distribution of S in West Virginia coals. Sulfur concentrations of the various West Virginia coals are presented in maps and tables throughout the article, and are used to support the existing theory that S increases in coal in an east to west direction. The author's evidence of increasing S content in an east to west direction not only holds true for groups and series in West Virginia but also for individual beds of West Virginia coal.


Ataxiatelangiectasia, a clinically distinctive autosomal recessive syndrome with early childhood onset, is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, and hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation (1). Patients with ataxia-telangiectasia, who carry two mutant alleles at the ataxia-telangiectasia locus, develop new cases of cancer at approximately 100 times the age-specific population rate and have a median age at death of approximately 20 years (2). More than 85% of cancer cases observed in children with ataxia-telangiectasia are acute lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoma (1). The proportion of new cancer cases that are epithelial rather than lymphocytic increases steadily with age. In patients older than 20 years, fewer than 50% of cancer cases are acute lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoma. Solid tumors include, in order of decreasing frequency, stomach cancer, breast cancer, medulloblastoma, basal-cell carcinoma, ovarian dysgerminoma, hepatoma, and uterine leiomyoma. Ataxia-telangiectasia heterozygotes, who carry one mutated allele at the ataxia-telangiectasia locus, make up approximately 1.4% to 2% of the general population (3, 4). Studies of blood relatives of patients with ataxia-telangiectasia have shown that such carriers have an increased risk for cancer, especially breast cancer in women, and possibly ischemic heart disease (5-14). From a public health standpoint, it is important to know whether the millions of ataxia-telangiectasia heterozygotes in the general population have an excess risk for death because of their higher disease-specific risks. Studies that have compared identified ataxia-telangiectasia carriers with noncarriers from the same families provide reliable estimates of excess disease or mortality for ataxia-telangiectasia heterozygotes (12, 14). In families of such persons, the carrier status of each family member can be reliably determined by using direct mutation detection or haplotype analyses (12, 14, 15). Using molecular genotyping and systematically collected clinical data, we compared the mortality rates and mean ages at death of carrier and noncarrier grandparents of ataxia-telangiectasia homozygotes. Methods Study Sample During the past 28 years, families of patients with clinically confirmed ataxia-telangiectasia have been recruited from the United States and Canada into our continuing study of ataxia-telangiectasia blood relatives. Detailed descriptions of methods and selection criteria have been published elsewhere (5, 6, 8). Briefly, all first-, second-, and third-degree nonhomozygous blood relatives alive on 1 January 1930 or later were eligible for inclusion in the study. We selected 1930 because it was the first year in which all states used death certification. Initial contacts were sought through the parents of patients with ataxia-telangiectasia, and a four-generation pedigree was constructed. Relatives were excluded if they had lost contact with the family and could not be located, declined to give consent for the study, did not reside in the United States, or had died so long ago that adequate health or death information could not be obtained. According to these criteria, 112 grandparents were excluded from the initial cohort. For our study, an additional 407 decedents were excluded because no DNA sample could be obtained from either person in a grandparental pair. We also excluded 31 persons whose familial mutations or haplotypes were unknown at the time of the study and 45 living persons who did not provide blood samples. Of the 405 grandparents included in our study, all but 4 carriers and 1 noncarrier were paired. The results did not change significantly when we excluded unpaired grandparents; therefore, they were included in the final analysis. Informed consent was obtained from all study participants or from their closest relatives under protocols approved by the appropriate institutional review boards. Genotyping Since 1989, we have requested blood samples from each living relative and tissue samples for those who have died. Genotyping was performed by using mutation or haplotype analysis. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood (16) or paraffin-embedded tissues as described elsewhere (12). Blood samples were used to perform genotyping for 138 carriers and 144 noncarriers. Archival tissue samples were used to perform genotyping for 17 carriers and 17 noncarriers whose blood was unavailable. One hundred eighty-five grandparents (94 carriers and 91 noncarriers) underwent genotyping by mutation analyses. Mutations present in the patients with ataxia-telangiectasia were identified through direct sequencing of the ataxia-telangiectasia locus by using genomic DNA from the patient or his or her parents. Each exon of the ataxia-telangiectasia gene and its splicing sites was amplified from genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a GeneAmp PCR system 9600 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California). The PCR products were directly sequenced by the BigDye PrimerSequencing Kit using the ABI PRISM 877 Integrated Thermal Cycler and the ABI PRISM 377 DNA Sequencer (Applied Biosystems). A variation from the ataxia-telangiectasia DNA sequence in GenBank (accession number U33841) was determined to be a true mutation if it would lead to a protein truncation or deletion or was a known missense mutation (17). After a specific mutation was identified in the parental DNA, the appropriate region of the ataxia-telangiectasia gene was then amplified and sequenced for the related grandparents. Grandparents who showed the ataxia-telangiectasia mutations of the related parents were considered carriers. Among the 94 carrier grandparents, we found 41 frameshift insertions or deletions (44%), 20 nonsense mutations (21%), 19 splicing mutations (20%), 2 in-frame deletions (2%), 1 mutation that disrupted the initiation codon (1%), and 11 missense mutations (12%). One hundred thirty-one grandparents (61 carriers and 70 noncarriers) had genotyping by haplotype analysis. For the 34 persons for whom only tissue samples were available, a previously reported method was used (12). The remaining samples were analyzed by using the ABI PRISM 377 GeneScan Analysis software and Genotyper fragment analysis software. The haplotypes associated with the ataxia-telangiectasia allele in each family member were determined by analyzing three microsatellite markers on chromosome 11q near or within the ataxia-telangiectasia locus: D11S1778 (telomeric), D11S1819 (centromeric), and D11S2179 (intragenic) (12, 14, 15, 18). A grandparent was determined to be a carrier if he or she carried either of the haplotypes associated with the patient's two mutant alleles. An additional 41 carriers and 42 noncarriers were also initially genotyped by haplotype analyses. Later mutation analyses confirmed the results. The carrier status of 89 grandparents without DNA samples (49 carriers and 40 noncarriers) was inferred on the basis of the genotypes of their spouses and their a priori probability of carrying an ataxia-telangiectasia mutant allele (12). Before genotyping, the a priori probability of carrying an ataxia-telangiectasia mutant allele was 0.5 for each grandparent. Therefore, if one member of a grandparental pair was a carrier, it was almost certain that the other member was not, and vice versa. When DNA was available from one member of a grandparental pair, we performed genotyping for this member and inferred the genotype of the other member accordingly. This approach, which was used to include grandparents who otherwise would have been excluded because of missing DNA samples, reduced potential selection bias. Overall, the observed proportion of ataxia-telangiectasia carriers agreed remarkably well with that expected from the a priori probability of heterozygosity in each family. Mutations or haplotypes were concordant in all related carriers. Vital Information At the beginning of enrollment and periodically thereafter (for those who were living), health questionnaires were sent to study participants or, if study participants were deceased, to their closest relatives. The questionnaires asked for health-related information (such as smoking status) as well as past and present medical history, including all major hospitalizations. Death certificates and records of all major medical visits were obtained as described elsewhere (6, 8). Underlying causes of death were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision (ICD-8). Cancer included ICD-8 codes 140 through 209 for malignant neoplasms. Ischemic heart disease included acute myocardial infarction (code 410) and other forms of acute or chronic ischemic heart disease (codes 411 to 414). All deaths from causes other than cancer and ischemic heart disease were analyzed as other deaths. Statistical Analyses The cumulative probabilities of death were estimated by using the KaplanMeier method (19) and were compared between carriers and noncarriers by using the MantelHaenszel log-rank test or the exact log-rank test for small numbers (20). Nonparametric estimates of median ages of death were also obtained by using this method. Sex-adjusted parametric estimates of relative survival times between carriers and noncarriers were obtained by using a Weibull regression model in which the hazard increased with age. The mean age at death for deceased grandparents was compared by using the t-test when appropriate. To restrict the study to adult mortality rates only, each grandparent was entered into the observation period on his or her 20th birthday. The closing date was his or her date of death or the last date of contact when the person was known to be alive. For carriers, hazard ratios for death and 95% CIs were calculated by using the Cox regression model (21). Cause-specific risks were estimated according to the method recommended by Kalbfleisch and Prentice (22). Carrier status and sex were included as inde


In this article, Loftis examines Sam Taylor's 1929 The Taming of the Shrew as a failed revision of the original play. The film is all-talking and was released in the early stages of feature soundtrack cinema, and starred famous silent film actress, Mary Pickford. Loftis notes that Pickford had her own agenda: to revitalise and rebrand her career and hopefully become the new "America's Sweetheart". However, she tragically fails to change anything in the adaption, and in actual fact, reaffirms the image that was created before. Loftis begins by discussing Pickford's transition into 'talkies'. Previously, Pickford played many child roles, whereas her costume in this adaptation vastly changed, giving her a new sexualised image. Loftis continues by discussing representations and re-workings of the Shakespearean Shrew, before turning to an examination of the ambiguous ending, as well as critical reception surrounding it. Though Taylor's adaptation attempted to be innovative, it ultimately ends up re-treading old ground, and ambiguity is reinstated by Pickford's portrayal of Katherine.


Objective To investigate the visual evoked potential abnormalities rate on the diagnosis and prognosis of optic nerve contusion.Methods Unilateral contusion of 69 for visual acuity and VEP examination to the contralateral eye as control self.Analysis of VEP P100 amplitude between the two groups and the time value of P100 peak latencies.Records of patients with unilateral contusion injury eyes,fellow eyes and eye injuries after treatment of visual evoked potentials.Results Contusion eye VEP P100 amplitude was significantly lower,P100 peak latency was significantly longer,the VEP abnormalities in visual acuity eye contusion group was significantly higher,Contusion eye vision correction < 0.1 VEP abnormalities was more obvious and had poor prognosis.Conclusions VEP is an objective,quantitative assessment of optic nerve function positioning method,optic neuropathy is the most sensitive,early diagnosis,prognosis and objective examination methods,evaluation of visual function has important clinical value.

Key words:
Optic nerve contusion; Visual evoked potential


We experimentally demonstrate a novel nonlinear effect in optical fibers: upconversion luminescence generation excited by multiphoton absorption of femtosecond infrared pulses. We directly estimate the average number of photons involved in the up-conversion process, by varying the wavelength of the pump source. We highlight the role of non-bridging oxygen hole centers and oxygen deficient center defects, and directly compare the intensity of side-scattered luminescence with numerical simulations of pulse propagation.


The RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) allows remote access to a computer and use application remotely. RDP redirects the input events from keyboard and mouse to the remote computer and text or graphic output from remote computer to the clients computer. In this text we will introduce an application which supports to investigate the voice, this application runs on virtualized environment XEN, uses Matlab libraries and uses RDP additionaly to transmit the sound input from user's microphone. We compare the conditions, where quality of remote work and remote sound recording is comparable to work and recording on local computer.


1. Organization of Systems (Overview) 2. Back 3. Thorax 4. Abdomen 5. Pelvis and Perineum 6. Lower Limb 7. Upper Limb 8. Head and Neck Index


This work presents the modeling of the functioning of the water-conducting belt of the "Cascade" family of sprinklers with standard values of pipe diameters and variable length of the machine. The flow rate values and pressure on the length of the water-conducting belt are calculated for two design options: with a sector end sprinkler and an end long-range sprinkler powered by a booster pump. By eliminating the length of the water-conducting belt for the considered two design options, the flow-pressure characteristic of the sprinkler was built. An example of the selection of a machine according to the flowpressure characteristic is given.


The third and fourth chap te r s a r e devoted to ce r t a in aspec t s of graph theory . The ma in emphas i s is on desc r ib ing methods for generat ing subgraphs of a graph that enjoy va r ious p r o p e r t i e s ; many of these methods involve p r o p e r t i e s of m a t r i x mul t ip l ica t ion . Some of the m a t e r i a l is s i m i l a r to that p resen ted in Chapter 4 of the au tho r ' s e a r l i e r book, Graphs , Dynamic P r o g r a m m i n g , and F in i te Games , [Academic P r e s s , New York, 1967],


Suppose Gis a simple graph,GWf=(V,E,W,f)is considered as a weighted graph.The relationship of Perron vetors of the maximal weighted graph sr with star-center uis discussed.At the same time,it is also discussed the relationship between the reflection of the weighted graph and Perron vetors of the maximal weighted graph with two star-centers uand v.


The form of an eye is determined by the outer shell, the sclera. The Lamina Cribrosa is a part of sclera, where the optic nerve fibers pass through and where the layer of sclera becomes thinner and many little pores appear. The experimental data show that under glaucoma the visual field changes due to the dystrophy and then atrophy of the optic nerve fibers, which are deformed just at the level of the LC. This makes the analysis of the stress-strain state of the LC under the changing the intraocular pressure (IOP) very important. The purpose of the present paper is to compare the deformations obtained with two models: the shell structure (sclera and LC) and the LC only. In both models the stuctures are subjected to normal pressure. The effect the increasing of the IOP on the diameter of the scleral ring and also the effect of the deformations of the scleral eye shell on the deflections of the LC are studied. The comparison of the results obtained for the combined shells and for the simplified structures where the effect of the scleral shell on the LC is neglected shows that the difference in the maximal deflection values of the LC is not more than 2 %. So, presumably, the deformation of the LC may be analyzed separately from the deformation of the scleral shell. Such approach may help taking into account the peculiarities of the structure of the LC, for example, its anisotropy and nonuniformity.


Solution-processed PbTe nanocrystal (NC) thin films are ligand exchanged by ethylenediamine and then annealed at 400 °C for enhancement of NC coupling. To further improve the performance, heterostructures are introduced into the PbTe/PbS films. Significantly, an optimized ZT of ≈0.30 is successfully achieved at 405 K. This method opens an avenue toward thermoelectric thin film devices with high performance.


We read with interest the recent case report of Kasraie et al. on propofol and the patient with hereditary coproporphyria (1). The authors described a 30-yr-old female patient with known hereditary coproporphyria who underwent anesthesia for septoplasty. The patient was given propofol for induction (110 mg) and maintenance (100 pgkg-'dn-') of anesthesia. On the 4th postoperative day, she was readmitted to the hospital because of acute abdominal pain, which was viewed and treated as an acute attack of porphyria. The authors concluded from this experience that propofol should not be used in patients with hereditary coproporphyria. Hereditary coproporphyna belongs to the group of acute hepatic porphyrias, which are characterized by acute inducible attacks. A multitude of factors including fasting, stress, and infections are known to trigger such attacks. However, the most important factor may be the use of certain pharmacologic agents. In recent years, the incidence of acute attacks has decreased markedly owing to strict adherence to preventive drug lists. These internationally reviewed lists regard substances such as lidocaine, metoclopramide, and erythromycin as unsafe in acute hepatic porphyria. For the septoplasty, the Kasraie et al. patient received a total of 340 mg of lidocaine and 10 mg of metoclopramide, in addition to a second dose of oral erythromycin. Thus, the patient was given three pharmacologic agents known to exert porphyrinogenic effects. The same patient had received 200 mg of lidocaine without problems 1 yr before, when she underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy. Thus, the Kasraie et al. patient was exposed to porphyrinogenic agents, which may be considered as unnecessary or avoidable. Moreover, the authors administered or allowed the administration of large doses of porphyrinogenic drugs, although it is known that the induction of an acute attack by a pharmacologic agent is a largely dose-dependent phenomenon. In addition, the authors drew a wrong conclusion from their case report, when they attributed the induction of the acute porphyric attack solely to propofol. In the primed chick embryo model, propofol has been found to exert a potent porphyrinogenic effect (2). However, this model might be too sensitive when testing for porphyrinogenicity. In contrast, nonprimed (3) and dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine-primed (4) rat models have not shown any evidence of porphyrinogenicity associated with propofol administration. In our allylisopropylacetamide-primed rat model of acute porphyria, propofol tended to increase the activity of the hepatic key enzyme Gaminolevulinic acid synthase (5). However, this trend was not statistically significant. In recent years, propofol has been administered without problems to more than 40 patients suffering from acute hepatic porphyria. Biochemical alterations in the heme pathway after propofol administration were only seen in Weir and Hodkinson's patient (6), who had also received lidocaine. In our view, a single bolus administration of propofol for induction of anesthesia in the porphyric patient should be considered a safe technique. This statement is in complete agreement with Harrison et al.'s opinion from South Africa (7).


The paper is aimed at the problem of traditional exploration methods can not predict the remaining oil and gas accurately, the methods of fuzzy theory and self-organizing map are approached. It takes the advantage of Fuzzy neural network system converging faster and higher prediction accuracy, as well as the unsupervised competitive learning mechanism of self-organizing map,it achieves the goal of predicting the remaining oil and gas. The method of neural network improve the precision of remaining oiland gas, it obtains better effect of prediction.


The e-commerce has led to a rupture of the classic paradigm of "local consumer-local enterprise" and to the consequent crisis of Consumer Law as a tool to protect the interests of consumers. This work studies, specially, those cases in which the entity of the affection is low but plural, as the individual redress initially stablished becomes an economic obstacle because of the proportion between the individual sum to perceive and the costs of litigation. The result is, not only the possible violation of the right of access to justice (article 24 of the Spanish Constitution), but also the lack of an effective redress of those mass torts. Starting with an analysis of the characteristics of those interests and the essential elements of their redress, the author defends the need to stablish a collective action in order the break the economic barrier and repair mass torts to consumers' interests.


Rather than assuming that host communities must serve the industry, expectations should be adjusted so that tourism genuinely aligns with those communities' own priorities.


'This volume is a well-timed and comprehensive guide to how countries have used industrial policy to achieve structural transformation, raise productivity and create jobs. Crucially, the authors go beyond the sterile debate about whether governments "pick winners" and instead draw on a variety of analytical approaches to draw lessons and principles for successful industrial strategies.'
Ha-Joon Chang, University of Cambridge, author of Economics: The User's Guide

Building on a description and assessment of the contributions of different economic traditions (neoclassical, structural, institutional and evolutionary) to the analysis of policies in support of structural transformation and the generation of productive jobs, this book argues that industrial policy goes beyond targeting preferred economic activities, sectors and technologies. It also includes the challenge of accelerating learning and the creation of productive capabilities. This perspective encourages a broad and integrated approach to industrial policy. Only a coherent set of investment, trade, technology, education and training policies supported by macroeconomic, financial and labour market policies can adequately respond to the myriad challenges of learning and structural transformation faced by countries aiming at achieving development objectives.

The book contains analyses of national and sectoral experiences in Costa Rica, the Republic of Korea, India, Brazil, China, South Africa, sub-Saharan Africa and the United States. Practical lessons and fundamental principles for industrial policy design and implementation are distilled from the country case studies. Given the fact that many countries today engage in industrial policy, this collection of contributions on theory and practice can be helpful to policy-makers and practitioners in making industrial policy work for growth, jobs and development.

Co-edited by UNCTAD.