The present invention relates to a user equipment located within such a physical structure of a building or the like indoors, outdoor wireless communication multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication system. MIMO communication system having at least two nodes comprising nodes and the at least two antennas outdoor indoor repeater, wherein the node is configured to communicate with at least two line of sight of the indoor outdoor repeater (LOS) wireless MIMO, and the transponder is adapted to LOS MIMO wireless communication with the node. Each transponder having at least one transponder antenna provided outside the physical structure for the LOS MIMO communication with the node, and each having a physical structure located within a user equipment provided in the physical structure of the indoor MIMO communication at least a leaky cable. Transponder is provided externally on the same physical structure and suitably spaced apart, and providing each transponder for each leaky cable, so that they are in the same indoor space are provided with the same physical structure indoor coverage.


Moringa oleifera Lam. Lam. A crop of the tropical and subtropical countries is grown universally as food, fodder and medicine. The seed, leaves, roots and flowers are often used in traditional medicine products in human food. Some studies using powdered leaf preparation of Moringa oleifera have demonstrated anti-dyslipidaemic and antidiabetic activities. Different studies have shown that hydro alcohol and aqueous activities such as antihypertensive, antiulcer, antioxidant, immunomodulation and analgesic actions. Phenolic, polyphenols, alkaloids and flavonoids are responsible for the observed effect commercial production, processing and utilization of this wonder crop is gaining momentum in many of the countries due to its multifaceted uses. The aim of this research paper was to review Moringa oleifera as a potential tree for its wide range of uses. Therefore, there is an urge to focus research on the uses of moringa leaves that can be value added. This research work would serve as a background for future research programmes in post-harvest management and value addition in moringa.


Abstract Some disasters produce circumstances that require the emergency removal of some or all of the citizens from a geographic area. Emergency or mass evacuation can be divided into immediate evacuation, in which the citizens are given no warning of their need to evacuate, and potential evacuation, in which citizens are given time (usually a day or two) to evacuate. The mass evacuation aspect of disaster planning frequently is neglected, but must be planned in detail. An essential ingredient of a plan is the designation of a person who has the authority to order an evacuation and that that person or an authorized alternate, is available instantly 24 hours a day. The plans should identify likely scenarios which could require emergency evacuation for a given community requiring, means of communicating with the citizens, evacuation routes, evacuation mechanisms, and shelter arrangements. All plans need to take into account human behavior during such a stressful situation.


Exosomes carry abundant bioactive substances from parent cells, which contain tremendous protein and nucleic acid and can be used as important diagnostic markers of diseases. In this work, we developed...


The present study aimed at evaluate the psychometric properties of the 25-item Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI), developed by Conroy, 2001, for Turkish middle school students to assess their fear of failure. The Turkish version of the PFAI was administered to two independent samples. Sample 1 consisted of 211 and sample 2 consisted of 977 middle school students. Confirmatory factor analyses supported fivefactor structure of Turkish version of the PFAI. Reliabilities were deemed acceptable. In addition, the five-factor PFAI was found to be invariant across gender. MANOVA results revealed small to no significant gender differences with respect to the PFAI sub-scale scores. Besides that, the canonical correlation analysis suggests that mastery avoidance, performance avoidance and performance approach goals are positively related to all dimensions of fear of failure. Although, mastery approach goals have a relationship between fear of shame and embarrassment and fear of having uncertain future, the strength of the relationship was small.


The study of mesoporous silica supported metal nanoparticles included three parts. In the first part, highly ordered mesoporous silicas have been synthesized by the use of poly-(alkylene oxide) block copolymers. The crystal structure、porous structure and thermal properties of mesoporous silicas and calcined mesoporous silicas were studied by Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS)、N2 adsorption/desorption measurement and Thermal Analyzers/Mass spectrometer (TG/DTA). In the second part, the surface of Mesoporous silica functionalized with amine group prior to addition of APTMS by post-synthesis. The samples were studied by High Resolution Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (HRFTIR) and the effect of APTMS concentration on the crystal structure and porous structure were also studied. In the third part, the Pt nanoparticles and Au nanoparticles integrate with mesoporous silica by chelating agent assisted with microwave synthesis. The effects of APTMS concentration and chelating agent on reducing metal nanoparticles were also studied. The surface morphology of mesoporous silicas after microwave synthesis and the crystal structure of noble nanopartice were studied by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and x-Ray Diffraction (XRD). In the first part, the SAXS showed that the as-synthesis mesoporous silicas had similar crystal structure to calcined mesoporous silicas. In he second part, the results showed that the reaction of surface mondification did not affect the crystal structure of mesoporous silica which means the mesoporous silica had chemical stability. The N2 adsorption/desorption measurement showed that the surface mondification of as-synthesis sample was similar to calcined sample. In the last part, the HRTEM showed the average size of Pt nanoparticles and Au nanoparticles were about 0.61 nm and 1.74 nm. The Pt nanoparticles were extremelly small in size without the quantum size effect because the amine group could stable the Pt nanoparticles. Also, the Pt particles were highly dispersed by amine group assisted. When the weight ratio of mesoporous silicas (calcined mesoporous silicas) and APTMS were 1:1 and 1:0.6, the Au nanopartilce were highly dispersed. Meanwhile, the Au nanoparticles clustered, when the weight ratio reduced to 1:0.2.


A Monte Carlo model is developed for understanding the multiplication process in HgCdTe infrared avalanche photodiodes (APD). A good agreement is achieved between simulations and experimental measurements of gain and excess noise factor on midwave infrared electron injected Hg0.7 Cd0.3Te APD manufactured at CEA/LETI. In both cases, an exponential gain and a low excess noise factor - close to unity out to gains greater than 1000 - were observed on 5.1-μm cut-off devices at 77K. These properties are indicative of a single ionizing carrier multiplication process that is to say in our case the electron. Simulations also predict that holes do not achieve enough energy to impact ionize and to contribute to the gain, which confirms the previous observation. A comparison study is presented to explain the effect of different combinations of scattering processes on the avalanche phenomenon in HgCdTe. We find that alloy scattering with random scattering angle increases multiplication gain and reduces excess noise factor compared to the case including impact ionization only. It also appears that, in the more complete scattering environment, optical phonon scattering delays significantly the onset of avalanche.


A study of the Hebron two-way radio tower in Halhul, which is part of the two-way radio network that links Bethlehem tower in the West Bank to Khan Younes tower in Gaza strip, was conducted. Hebron Tower was built over the highest spot in the region, 1027 m above the sea level. Measurements of signal power was conducted for Hebron tower and compared to various other transmitting towers seen from the area. Analysis reveals that power densities of all towers are invariably safe, and their power densities fall below international safe standards. Results show that power densities from Orange cellular tower, 3500 m away and Marah radio tower, 2350 m away from Hebron tower were indeed higher than all others measured, when all power densities were referenced back to 30 m of their respective tower antenna positions. As far as the Hebron tower is concerned, its height of 111 m provides a relative safe umbrella, from electromagnetic radiation hazard, away from the main radiation beam, over the area below it.


Objective:To establish normal Delaire Architectural Analysis database of the Han nationality adults with normal occlusion in Chongqing.and to explore their cranio-maxillo-facial structure features.Methods:Seventy-eight Han adults with normal occlusion(male 37,femal 41)aged from 18 to 26 years were included.All adults were with normal and well-balanced faces,did not receive orthodontic or orthonathic treanment.The lateral cephalogram of each normal adults were traced,digitized, measured by Winceph8.0 software.Statistical calculation performed cephalometric values was established,compared with their craniofacial structure characteristics with Korean's.Conclusion:To establish the normal database of cranio-maxillo-facial structure of Chongqing adults with Delaire architectural analysis.


This short essay indicates a train of thought that has led me to believe in the potential unity of peoples and to have the hope that religious differences and the concomitant strife that they cause may sometime in the future be stilled, and the peace and tranquillity that is propounded in all the major religions of the world has a chance to come about and to prevail. My background is a career in academe for nearly fifty years, in which I taught and did research on engineering systems, stressing commonality among the various kinds and a mathematical approach that emphasises similarities rather than differences. It is the hope that similar considerations can be applied to the wider and deeper problems confronting the world today. The essay is comprised of this introductory paragraph, a section on creation, eternity and God, a few paragraphs on modelling the universe as a whole, and a brief conclusion.


In view of the fact that the test of porous metal material acoustics parameters(especially the twist factors)is difficult to achieve,and the test of traditional impedance tube material acoustics performance(e.g.the coefficient of reflection sound pressure,surface acoustic impedance rate,etc.)is easy to realized.This paper using hybrid generic algorithm and Johnson-Champoux-Allard model(abbr.HGA method)to develop the acoustic test with impedance tube for the difficulty in the direct measurement of some acoustic parameters of porous metals.It is found that determining the acoustic parameter of sintered fibrous metals with HGA method is not only easy,but also has good robust properties.Moreover,utilizing a successive quadratic programming(abbr.SQP)method also obtains good inverse calculation accuracy after selecting some optimization variables appropriately.Finally,some calculations are performed and discussed to verify the validity of inverse method in this paper.


Using detailed employee-employer administrative data, we analyze the impact of the gender pay gap on the performance of firms and find that it depends on the presence of labor unions. When the firm is not unionized, the gender pay gap reduces profitability. In contrast, when unions are present, the gender gap has no effect on profitability in male-dominated firms and increases profitability in female-dominated firms. Our evidence suggests that when there is no union, giving priority to cohesion and pay equality is value-enhancing. In highly feminized firms, unions provide employees with the option of nonpecuniary benefits, with females opting for better work-life balance and males opting for higher salaries. Our findings indicate that in these firms, the gender pay gap may reflect the divergent interests of female and male employees and can positively affect firm value.


The description of the total energy of a solid in terms of the effective-medium theory has been studied. With use of the density-functional theory, an exact symmetric formula is presented for describing the total energy in terms of the embedding energies of individual atoms. Different approximate formulas are derived and compared to the conventional pair-potential representation, to the model of Gordon and Kim, and to the semiempirical embedded-atom scheme of Daw and Baskes. The theory is applied to estimate the pair potential in the rare gases He, Ne, and Ar, and the cohesive properties of Al metal. A fair agreement with the experimental results is obtained.


Castanopsis chinensis Hance is a newly recorded species to be added to the flora of Taiwan. In this paper, a detailed description, a line drawing and color photos of the species are provided.


Title devised by Library staff.
No. 1996.
Illus. in: Views & costumes of Japan by Stillfried & Andersen. Yokohama : Stillfried & Andersen, [ca. 1877, p. 20]
In 1877 Stillfried & Andersen purchased Felice Beato's stock of photographs, some may be included in this album.


A shaking table experiment for the piping system with a friction support has been conducted to investigate the reduction characteristics of vibration responses of the piping system due to frictional effect against earthquake type excitations. The piping system has been so designed that the contact point of the piping moves in-plane 2 dimensional motion on the teflon bearing plate supported by the shaking table. The experimental results were well explained by a proposed deterministic approximate modal analysis theory which were already reported in the separate paper. Here, we try to evaluate the seismic responses by means of the non-deterministic method, i. e. the statistical equivalent linearization method, for friction forces at the friction support of the piping. It has been found that the calculated responses by the linearization method show in good agreement with the experimental ones. The equivalent modal damping is also estimated in this process. From the above results, seismic performance of the frictional effect is discussed.


WHAT IS THE GOAL OF THE ARTICLE? The article by Corbetta et al addresses the following important issues: 1) In people after stroke, does virtual realityYbased rehabilitation (VRBR) improve walking speed, balance, and mobility more than the same duration of standard rehabilitation? 2) In people after stroke, does adding extra VRBR to standard rehabilitation improve the effects on gait, balance, and mobility?


Thank you very much for downloading early diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this early diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.


A new type of turbine nozzle named compound nozzle was proposed.The numerical simulation of this new nozzle was carried out.The parameters such as blade circumferential position,blade mounting angle and blade number were optimized and the flow mechanism for larger pressure loss was analyzed.The results show that,compared with the single blade VNT nozzle,the total pressure loss of the new nozzle increases slightly by 1.4%.


Objectives Cancer treatment has become increasingly successful. However, prolonging and preserving life has become an important goal of therapy since many patients generally receive palliative chemotherapy. The perception of life changes when patients are informed, that no curative treatment is possible. This raises new dilemmas for patients with incurable cancer, but only sparse information is available about the thoughts of these patients. The aim of this study was to explore how older patients experience the information on absence of curative treatment options. Methods Qualitative interviews were performed in eleven older patients with incurable upper gastrointestinal cancer receiving first-line palliative chemotherapy. Median age was 74 (65–76) years. We used a qualitative approach to collect data through semistructured individual interviews conducted at the hospital or by telephone interviews by an experienced researcher. The thematic analysis was conveyed by Braun and Clarke. Results The interview findings were grouped around three main themes: hope of being cured, hearing but not comprehending, and desired milestones to reach. Further, it was determined that patients hid their feelings and avoided talking about the disease with the health professionals due to fear of being told the truth. Conclusions Receiving information about their incurable cancer was an ongoing dilemma for the patients. Following the message, patients shared thoughts about reaching important milestones in life, spending time with their family or hope for a cure to be found.


We study the dynamics of internal gravity waves excited by parametric instability in a stably stratified medium, either at the interface between a water and a kerosene layer, or in brine with a uniform gradient of salinity. The tank has a rectangular section, and is narrow to favour standing waves with motion in the vertical plane. The fluid container undergoes vertical oscillations, and the resulting modulation of the apparent gravity excites the internal waves by parametric instability. Each internal wave mode is amplified for an excitation frequency close to twice its natural frequency, when the excitation amplitude is sufficient to overcome viscous damping (these conditions define an 'instability tongue' in the parameter space frequency-amplitude). In the interfacial case, each mode is well separated from the others in frequency, and behaves like a simple pendulum. The case of a continuous stratification is more complex as different modes have overlapping instability tongues. In both cases, the growth rates and saturation amplitudes behave as predicted by the theory of parametric instability for an oscillator. However, complex friction effects are observed, probably owing to the development of boundary-layer instabilities. In the uniformly stratified case, the excited standing wave is unstable via a secondary parametric instability: a wave packet with small wavelength and half the primary wave frequency develops in the vertical plane. This energy transfer toward a smaller scale increases the maximum slope of the iso-density surfaces, leading to local turning and rapid growth of three-dimensional instabilities and wave breaking. These results illustrate earlier stability analyses and numerical studies. The combined effect of the primary excitation mechanism and wave breaking leads to a remarkable intermittent behaviour, with successive phases of growth and decay for the primary wave over long timescales.


In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the number of studies into photovoltaic (PV) technology with a weak link between policy, innovation and market. These three concepts cannot be understood separately. Particularly, this paper shows alternatives for the implementation of the value chain in PV industry to understand the dynamics among policy, innovation and market, supported in a simulation model with the system dynamics methodology. Through simulation scenarios this study shows that energy policy and strategies based on innovation allow the electricity market in Colombia, generate a trend of competitiveness. This is illustrated by the case of some electricity industries dedicated to the generation and distribution in the Colombian electricity market. The results show a new point of view that contributes to the proposal of alternatives for the diffusion of PV energy.


The controller for a solid state disk for controlling the simultaneous switching of the pad is provided. Controller for a solid state disk, and controls the plurality of output pads or a plurality of input pads corresponding to a plurality of channels which are switched at the same time. In particular, the controller may delay the signals by the drive to the input pad or the output pad appropriately, reducing the power supplied to the pad, as well as maintain the quality of the signal to prevent the ground bounce. Simultaneous switching pad, rising, polling, SSD, solid state disk, channel


In the modern era, Social media is widely used medium of conversation to exchange ideas and opinions. The major issue that prevailing in social media is frequent malicious and spam messages. Spam is a kind of unwanted, unsolicited digital communication that is being sent in bulk. The proposed Realtime Spam Detection (ReSD) identifies and classifies spam in tweets using natural language processing which utilizes ensemble learning for training the model to improve accuracy in real time. The ReSD framework uses the integrated machine learning model which increases the specificity of spam classification. The results show that the average accuracy of the proposed system is 90% and the need for manual verification of spam is eliminated.


Band-gap and refractive index are known as fundamental properties determining intrinsic optical resistance of multilayer dielectric coatings. By considering this fact we propose novel approach to manufacturing of interference thin films, based on artificial nano-structures of modulated porosity embedded in high band-gap matrix. Next generation all-silica mirrors were prepared by GLancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) using electron beam evaporation. High reflectivity (HR) was achieved by tailoring the porosity of highly resistant silica material during the thin film deposition process. Furthermore, the proposed approach was also demonstrated to work well in case of anti-reflection (AR) coatings. Conventional HR HfO2 and SiO2 as well as AR Al2O3 and SiO2 multilayers produced by Ion Beam Sputtering (IBS) were used as reference coatings. Damage performance of experimental coatings was also analyzed. All-silica based GLAD approach resulted in significant improvement of intrinsic laser damage resistance properties if compared to conventional coatings. Besides laser damage testing, other characteristics of experimental coatings are analyzed and discussed – reflectance, surface roughness and optical scattering. We believe that reported concept can be expanded to virtually any design of thin film coatings thus opening a new way of next generation highly resistant thin films well suited for high power and UV laser applications.


Abstract A generalized mathematical model describing the process of multicomponent adsorption on activated carbon in fixed beds has been used to study the influence of changes in feed concentrations for a ternary system by using an accurate computer solution.


Transmutation is useful to reduce the storing time and the amount of nuclear waste to be stored in the geological repository. Transmutation can be achieved in all types of reactors: thermal systems, fast systems, critical and subcritical systems. Fast spectrum systems have significant advantages because they offer higher transmutation efficiency in comparison to thermal systems. However, the addition of actinides to the fuel has adverse effects on safety parameters. For this reason, a subcritical reactor driven by an external neutron source has been proposed by CERN. The system should be able to operate with a steady power level without a self-sustained chain reaction and the shutdown of the external neutron source would offer rapid control against any power excursion in the core. This novel reactor concept has been introduced as the Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactor (ADSR). The ADSR operating principle consists of feeding a subcritical core with an external neutron source. The neutron source is obtained from powerful collisions of a high-energy charged particles with a high Z target. The high-energy particles are protons produced by a particle accelerator, the protons travel through a beam tube and collide with a target. The spallated neutrons will start a chain reaction in the nuclear core and the rate will be dependent on the proton flux from he accelerator. The spallation target would be located in the middle of the reactor core. In this way, effective control can be executed through the accelerator's proton current. The use of ADSR in the fuel cycle offers interesting degrees of freedom in the core design, which can maximize the effectiveness of transmutation. Another advantage is that almost any fuel composition including those with low safety characteristics can be tolerated. ADSR is a promising technology that may benefit the society from different viewpoints. However, there are many technical issues to be solved before an ADSR system is realized. The development of the ADSR depends on the successful integration of different systems, for which a safety strategy has to be adapted. This dissertation contributes to the development of the ADSR technology by studying two important safety aspects: the time-dependent response during transient conditions and its influence over the structural integrity. For this purpose, thermalhydraulics, neutronics and structural models of the reactor have been integrated. The results have shown that the inherent safety attached to the subcriticality in an ADSR presents large benefits to avoid criticality accidents. Nevertheless, the development challenges for this technology remain in the core power control and the accelerator reliability. Regarding natural circulation cooling and flow enhancement with gas lift pump, it was found that the maximum core power is limited and the transient behavior does not satisfy the safety requirements for all scenarios.


An experimental design was applied to optimise total tin (Sn)
determination in aqua regia–HF extracts from sediments.
Determination was performed by electrothermal atomic absorption
spectrometry using palladium as chemical modifier. A full factorial design
for screening and a central composite design for optimisation were used for
evaluation of the effects of several variables. The results showed that the
pyrolysis temperature, the atomisation temperature and the modifier
concentration exerted an influence on the determination. Accuracy and
precision were checked using the reference material PACS-2. The results
obtained were statistically, at the 95% confidence level, indistinguishable
from the certified values. The limit of detection was 0.048 mg
kg−1. The optimised method was applied to the analysis of
estuarine superficial sediments from Gipuzkoa (Spain). The total tin in
these samples ranged from 9 to 37 mg kg−1.


This study examines the implementation of Law No. 14 of 2008 concerning Public Information Openness in the Pariaman City Information and Documentation Management (PPID) Officer and the factors that influence it. The implementation of wisdom in this study uses the Edward III policy implementation model which consists of four variables, namely communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. The results showed that the Pariaman City PPID in carrying out the mandate of Law 14 of 2008 concerning KIP did not run optimally, although in terms of regulations and implementation guidelines (SOP) already had complete guidelines, information services were still limited to the use of external media in the form of magazines. print and electronic media and the use of government website media that have not been compiled according to the KIP Act. The implementation of the UU KIP has not been optimal due to policy communication related to the promotion of understanding that has not been maximally maximized for PPID members, the availability of human resources and budgetary resources also has an impact on the attitude of the implementing apparatus in carrying out their main tasks and functions. Standard in standardizing the standards applied, but existing SOPs have not been applied in the practice of public information disclosure.


This work describes a label-free microarray analysis technique capable of detecting biomolecule target interactions with probes being anchored with a new linker-diluent system on indium-tin-oxide. The method is based on the differential work function characteristics of the substrate measured by a scanning Kelvin nanoprobe in terms of contact potential difference signals.


A software system for reducing PAM-II data was constructed. The data reduction process concatenates data tapes; determines ephemeris; and inverts full sun extinction data. Tests of this data reduction process show that PAM-II data can be compared with data from other, similar satellites.


Although the phenomenon of Autonomic Hyperreflexia (AHR) in patients undergoing bladder surgeries is well documented, there is very scarce literature regarding its presentation in other intra- abdominal surgeries. The life expectancy of patients with traumatic paraplegia in the age group of 20-40 yrs is about 25-45 yrs.
The survival of patients with spinal cord injuries (SCI) is increasing, these patients could present to the anaesthesiologist for a wide variety of surgeries. Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) also described as autonomic hyperreflexia (AHR) or mass reflex is characterized by a widespread reflex sympathetic discharge in patients with spinal cord lesions above the level of T6.
It presents as a life threatening medical emergency with elevated blood pressures. Our case presents a unique opportunity to discuss the implications of pneumo-peritoneum which is an essential aspect of most intra-abdominal surgeries.
Laparoscopic surgeries typically need gas insufflation at pressures of 15-20 mmHg at 2-4 litre/min. Insufflation pressures can cause a rise in intra-abdominal pressures leading to high SVR and increased myocardial contractility. CO2 absorption can cause rise in catecholamines which in turn induces hypertension and tachycardia.
AHR although transient in nature could adversely affect these patients with poor myocardial and cardiovascular reserve leading to myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, LV failure, seizures and intra-cerebral haemorrhage.


This paper reviews the current research on fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) which is a syndrome of malformation, growth dcficiency and mental retardation found in some offspring of alcoholic mothers. Although alcohol has been suspected as a teratogenic agent for many centuries, the first English-language report on eight definitive cases occurred in 1973. Since then hundreds of cases have been reported from many countries and alcohol is now recognized as an important cause of birth defects. Because research in this area has been so explosive in the past five years, reviews of recent published and unpublished work arc necessary in order to transmit information on this preventable form of birth defect to health care professionals, to families, and to women themselves.


Nutrition labelling on food packages has been voluntarily implemented by food companies since the beginning of the 20th century. By the end of the 20th century, both governments and non-governmental organizations began to implement different front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labelling systems. FOP nutrition labels encompass a specific element of nutrition labelling postulated to allow for quick decision making about the nutritional content or relative healthfulness of a product provided through its simple, easily viewable and interpretable format. The policy objectives of FOP nutrition labelling are typically twofold: (i) to provide additional information to consumers to inform healthier food choices; and (ii) to encourage the industry to reformulate products towards healthier options. Recent reviews have summarized the implementation of nutrition labelling policies in general. However, there has been an exponential rise in both government and private-sector FOP nutrition labelling policy that deserves specific attention. While it has been argued that FOP nutrition labelling is a marketing, rather than a public health strategy, the purpose of this editorial is to provide an update on the global policy environment regarding governmentendorsed FOP nutrition labelling and to examine realworld evidence of policy implementation.


Neutrophil recruitment from the blood into the peritoneal cavity is critical in acute peritonitis but precise mechanisms of extravasation are largely unknown. In this study we identified the greater omentum as major exit site in early phases of mono‐ and polymicrobial peritoneal inflammation. A novel intravital microscopy technique was developed to image the inflamed omentum showing that high endothelial venules, known for their role in constitutive lymphocyte homing, are the preferred vascular bed for neutrophil recruitment with a unique requirement of adhesion receptors. Specific inhibition of the omental pathway in mice leads to delayed neutrophil deployment in the peritoneum, increased bacterial load, and aggravates septic progression of bacterial peritonitis.


The purpose of this study is to examine influence of trade deficit and external debt on performance of economy of Pakistan during 1980- 2017. GDP is used as dependent variables while trade deficit, gross capital formation, exchange rate, labor force, manufacturing value added and total external debt are used as explanatory variable. The short-run, long-run association and stationarity of data amongst variables are obtained by applying vector error correction technique and Johansen Co-integration test. The study reveals that there is a statically important and negative influence of the trade deficit on GDP while total external debt also has a harmful impact on GDP. Moreover, results show that there is an optimistic and noteworthy connection among gross capital formation and GDP and Gross domestic product is positively influenced by Exchange rate, labor force and manufacturing value added. The association between total external debt and gross domestic product is negative and significant, it means when total external debit increases gross domestic product decrease. Government of Pakistan should create persistent strategies marked at differentiating economic actions so as to give nation prosperous sources of budget financing instead of trusting much on external borrowings.


Performance measures, such as occupancy percentage and average daily rate, are critical statistics utilized by business strategists across the lodging industry. Approximately one-third of the population in a state-wide sample of lodging properties was utilized in an analysis of selected factors affecting operating performance. Polynomial and interactive regression were incorporated in separate analyses, wherein researchers evaluated main and interactive effects of property size and brand affiliation on occupancy and average daily rate. Independent properties were found to have significantly higher average daily rates than brand-affiliated properties regardless of their size. The interaction effect of brand affiliation and property size was marginally significant on the dependent variable occupancy. Sensitivity analyses of the results were performed on a reduced set of properties, using revenue per available room as a surrogate for performance.


Objective
To investigate the correlation between the frailty and nutritional status of the elderly hospitalized patients.

Methods
A total of 244 hospitalized patients were enrolled in this investigation. By using comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) , patients answered these questions together with experts (questionnaire assessment by professional instructions) . Researchers input the result into computer at same time.

Results
Compared with normal patients, frailty patients were older (P<0.001) , and had lower ability to take care of themselves (P<0.001) , in other words, they had more demands from their families and carers in terms of medical care (P<0.01) . In addition, frailty patients had higher risks of having depressive symptom (P=0.016) , cognitive impairment (P<0.001) , living function disability (P<0.001) , as well as malnutrition (P<0.001) . Regression analysis result showed a negative correlation between frailty and nutrition (P=0.005) .

Conclusions
Malnutrition is closely related to frailty, and malnutrition patients and patients with risks of malnutrition were easily to acquire frailty.

Key words:
Status of nutrition; Aged; Frailty


An international workshop on urban meteorology: observation and modeling, was jointly held by the Institute of Urban Meteorology ( China ) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (US) in Beijing, October, 2004. The workshop was intended to share recent progress in urban meteorological research, discuss issues related to research and development priorities faced by diverse Chinese institutions, and explore collaboration opportunities between Chinese and US research institutions. This article summarizes the major issues discussed at the workshop, including observation on urban boundary layer, urban landuse modeling, socio-economic impacts of weather and climates, and air quality in urban environment. It includes recommendations for future urban meteorology observational and modeling research, and potential collaborative opportunities between China and US.


High energy As+ ions have been implanted by a 2.5 MeV Van-de-Graaff accelerator. Implantation induced damage in silicon crystal is anomalously smaller than that estimated from the calculation for nuclear deposited energy density. The logarithm for observed damage degree depends linearly on the inverse absolute temperature of the wafer during implantation. The 0.18 eV activation energy coincides with the 0.18 eV migration energy for the doubly negative vacancy. The anomalously small damage is attributed to in situ recrystallization of damage assisted by migration of the doubly negative vacancy (V-) which is formed by high energy heavy ion implantation. As the wafer temperature is below 300°C, and activation energy is small, ordinary solid phase epitaxial regrowth does not occur.


The invention discloses a health wristwatch having a power-saving switching function and a power saving method of the wristwatch. The wristwatch comprises a microprocessor, wherein a display module, a pedometer module, a wireless communication module, a memory module and a battery module for offering a power supply to the wristwatch are respectively arranged in a mode of surrounding the microprocessor; the microprocessor has a function conversion key access port; a function conversion key is arranged on the surface of a watch shell; the microprocessor is connected to a blood oxygen collection module by virtue of an IO port and is connected to an electrocardiogram collection processing module by virtue of an SPI port, and a blood oxygen collection port of the blood oxygen collection module is arranged on a side end face of the watch shell; and switching between a wristwatch function and power saving is achieved by a time duration of pressing down the key. The wristwatch disclosed by the invention, according to the using habits of wearing people, can optimize design processes of various functional interfaces, so that the optimum power-saving effect is achieved; and useless functions are turned off while running some function, so that the overall power consumption of the system is reduced.


In activation calculations, there are several approaches to quantify uncertainties: deterministic by means of sensitivity analysis, and stochastic by means of Monte Carlo. Here, two different Monte Carlo approaches for nuclear data uncertainty are presented: the first one is the Total Monte Carlo (TMC). The second one is by means of a Monte Carlo sampling of the covariance information included in the nuclear data libraries to propagate these uncertainties throughout the activation calculations. This last approach is what we named Covariance Uncertainty Propagation, CUP. This work presents both approaches and their differences. Also, they are compared by means of an activation calculation, where the cross-section uncertainties of Pu and Pu are propagated in an ADS activation calculation.


ABSTRACT Hunger and malnutrition cause the highest death rates worldwide. At least 17,289 children die every day due to hunger and malnutrition. Based on data of  the 496 districts / cities in Indonesia , 404 districts / cities have acute-chronic nutritional problems, 20 districts / cities have chronic nutritional problems, 63 regencies / cities have acute nutritional problems and 9 districts / cities that do not found nutritional problems (MOH, 2017). The purpose of this health education is to increase the knowledge of mothers about malnutrition in children under five in Sindangsari Village, Cimerak District, Pangandaran Regency through health education. As well as identifying the mother's knowledge after giving health education about malnutrition to toddlers. The case taking method used is the health education method. According to Notoatmodjo (2012) health education is all activities to provide and increase knowledge, attitudes, practices for individuals, groups or communities in maintaining and improving their own health. From the results of health education, it can be seen that the knowledge of mothers about malnutrition among toddlers in Sindangsari Village, about before health education was implemented, most of them had less knowledge (66.7%). After the implementation of health education, most of them have good knowledge (77.77%). It can be seen the average value before health education (60.5%). and after health education (88%). There was an increase (27.5%).


Objective To investigate the feasibility arid safety of utilizing pedicle screw in lower thoracic or lumbar spine in infant patients aged 1 to 3 years. Methods A retrospective review was made about 10 infants aged 1-3 years who underwent pedicle-screw fixation in lower thoracic or lumbar spine during January 2002 to January 2007. Seven patients were male, 3 female. Four of the ten patients were 1-2 years old. Seven patients suffered from congenital full-segmented hemivertebra complicated with seoliosis, 2 suffered from spinal tumor of eosinophilic granuloma with spinal cord compression, 1 suffered from spinal tu- berculosis accompanied with kyphotie deformity. The effectiveness and complication of this procedure were analyzed. The lesion involved in L3 for 1 ease, L2 for 3 cases, L1 for 4 cases, T12 for 2 eases. Results All the 10 patients were discharged eventlessly. No neurovascular injury was found in 10 patients who were implanted 40 pediele-screws. The follow-up duration was 2 to 3 years, with the mean of 2.6 years. One patient was detected kyphosis in operative site six months after operation, but three years later the kyphotic defor- mity was corrected spontaneously. The follow-up CT scans demonstrated one screw was placed over laterally and penetrated the anterior cortex of vertebral body in three patients, but no vascular or visceral injury occurred. The internal fixators were removed 2-3 years after surgery in ten patients. No internal fixators break- age was found in all patients during follow-up duration. Conclusion Pedicle-serew technique in lower tho- racic or lumbar spine of infant is feasible and safe.

Key words:
Thoracic vertebrae;  Lumbar vertebrae;  Bone screws


This section looks into the transition of language learning disabled children from adolescence to adulthood. Emotional transition, cognitive development and realignment of family relationships are the few aspects which are looked into.


AbstractThe "seismic resolution gap" has been an area of ambiguity ever since the results of 3D seismic interpretation have been used as inputs for modeling purposes because many important structural events such as fractures are at or below seismic resolution, which can impinge reservoir properties such as porosity and permeability. Having the means to accurately map these events with confidence has always been a challenge. More often than not, localized mapping of these features at borehole conditions can be achieved by core or image-log analysis. Seismic-derived attributes have assisted in improving the interwell geologic understanding in a lateral sense, but they are always hampered by vertical resolution. Enhanced imaging, such as cyan-magenta-yellow blending of attributes, has helped improve the lateral understanding of fracture patterns and networks, as shown in this workflow, but the challenge with vertical resolution still persists. However, by combining borehole and seismic data studies in a dist...


This study examines the environmental wisdom of the community in planning and
management of the Wonosadi Forest, which is an indigenous forest in Beji Village,
Ngawen District, Gunungkidul. Environmental wisdom in managing indigenous
forests have been entrenched in the society around Forest Wonosadi and sourced
from the mythology and history of the forest.
Wonosadi Forest management process has been running very long. In the period
years of 1960 until 1965 almost destroyed due to Forest Wonosadi illegal logging. At
that time the area around Forest Wonosadi suffered krakal flood and landslides when
the rainy season arrives. Through the initiative of the village and community leaders,
in the Year 1966 was held back planning Wonosadi Forests (reforestation).
Communities work together to implement a reforestation plan Wonosadi Forest. This
activity after several years have been able to restore the existence of Wonosadi
Forest.
The existence of mythology and history Wonosadi Forest has created many myths
that are trusted by people around for generations. Empirical occurrence experienced
by people associated with the myth has been made public has the connections to
remain inwardly Wonosadi forest preserve. Besides, people also apply the concept of
awareness of reality with the idiom tekun (seriously), teken (hint), tekan (up to the
idealized case) and the mythology concept of consciousness sangkan paraning
dumadi. Wonosadi Forest has provided a huge benefit for residents in the vicinity. To
that end, the public has the awareness within the framework of mythology and reality
to manage the forest and still want to feel the positive benefits from the existence of
the forest.


The decay dynamics of BODIPY dye molecules embedded in porous silicon nanostructures produced by electrochemical etching of a silicon wafer in an HF solution are investigated using a confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging technique. Time-resolved experiments show that there is an efficient energy-transfer mechanism between BODIPY and porous silicon. It is observed that such an energy-transfer efficiency strongly depends on the thickness of the silicon dioxide layer covering the porous silicon. Silicon nanostructures are oxidized over time in air. As oxidation increases, the energy-transfer rate decreases. This change in energy-transfer rate seems to obey the NSET mechanism, which allows us to obtain a three-dimensional topographic map of the developed oxide layer on the rough and complicated surface of a porous silicon nanostructure.


In this paper low temperatures specific heat, electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility data for CeTl3 have been reported. It was found that below 3.8° K; CeTl3 orders antiferromagnetically and the /-electrons are well localized in this compound. The Kondo scattering in CeTl3 is much weaker than isostructural Celn3 Compound.


Preface Acknowledgments Biography Works and Performances Discography Selected Bibliography Appendix A: Song Cycle and Multi-Section Works Components Appendix B: Alphabetical Works List Appendix C: Chronological Works List Appendix D: Manchester Manuscript Collection Appendix E: Works of Other Composers Dedicated to Rawsthorne Index


In January 1992, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery was among the first medical journals to produce a full-text version on CD-ROM. The CD-ROM, which at first contained the full text of the American volume from 1983 through 1990 and the images from 1990, has been updated regularly. The updated disk that was released on February 1 contains the full text of The Journal from 1983 through 1998 and the images from 1990 through 1998.

In 1996, the home page of the American volume of The …


This paper develops a theory in which public enforcement of financial reporting depends on regulatory institutions that exhibit economy of scale. A more stringent enforcement regime disciplines misreporting, which stimulates investments. However, a government with limited commitment only implements the stringent regime when the market becomes sufficiently large. Although firms collectively have incentives to overinvest to induce excessive public enforcement as a public good, the strategic uncertainty about the others' investments leads to uncertainty about the future regime. If the reporting environment is not conducive to the expectations of a stringent future regime, the market can instead be undersized and underregulated. Despite a positive cross-sectional association between public enforcement and market size, the markets that feature overenforcement are smaller than those that feature underenforcement. And market size is not a good measure of efficiency to evaluate alternative accounting standards.


Objective To understand nutritional conception and dietary constituents of students in Guangxi University and to provide evidence for implementing nutrition education among university students.Methods Approximately 281 students were surveyed using an integrated questionnaire and a 5-day diet record.Results Nutritional conception and dietary constituents of students in Guangxi University were unsatisfactory. Vegetables, milk, bean products, eggs and cereals were inadequate while meat and poultry were too much. The intakes of energy, the vitamin B complex, vitamin C and calcium, especially the intakes of calcium and vitamin C as well as intake of riboflavin for boys were inadequate.Conclusion Nutrition health education should be provide to improve nutritional conception and dietary constituents of students.


bitterlings (Rhodeus amarus) were parasitologically investigated in Sapanca Lake in October and November 2004. It was seen that the 70 of 169 fish in October and 27 of 105 fish in November were infected by Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids. The average weight of the fish infected by Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids was 2.54 g while this value was 2.98 g in uninfected fish. These results show that one Ligula intestinalis plerocercoid decreases the fish gigantism in the ratio of 14.77 percent.


The equivalent beam method is one of the classic methods calculating the internal force of underground support structure.In recent years,though the "m" method and the finite element method are paid more and more attention,the strength of soil isn't considered in the "m" method,and it is very complicated in selecting the calculation model,constitutive relation and calculation parameters etc.in the finite element method.For the equivalent beam method,it is convenient and reliable to select model and calculate,which has a wide range of applications.The support design of a building's deep foundation pit is calculated by it,which is as a reference for similar engineering.


Experience and observations indicate that students often work on problem sets at hours outside those traditionally scheduled for office hours, tutoring, and supplemental instruction (SI). Moreover, their tendency is to focus their effort the night before the assignment is due. Add to this the complexity of a distributed university where students are taking engineering courses towards their degree at campuses distributed over 60+ miles. Moreover, a considerable number of University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV) Engineering students transfer from neighboring two-year institutions with limited to no supplemental instruction (SI) support for Engineering courses due to the lack of access to upper division students with the expertise. These complexities (i.e. students' study habits, the regional distribution of UTRGV, and the underserved needs of its transfer students) necessitate rethinking the practice of supplemental instruction. In this paper, the authors review all the different modalities of supplementary instruction reported in the literature and make the case for a technology-enabled, real-time, after-hours, and asynchronous model. In this model we employ the use of web-enabled, collaboration tools to facilitate real-time tutoring, asynchronous supplemental instruction, and peer-mentoring on a regional scale to serve the needs of students at both primary campuses and neighboring two-year institutions. The paper also describes plans to implement and the proposed model and provides a preliminary comparative study of the impact of traditional supplemental instruction versus this alternative approach on student learning outcomes.


Chlamydia trachomatis also known as the "Silent Epidemic" is a major threat to the reproductive health of women. This study was aimed at determining the seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis based one demographic factors among women attending clinics in Zaria metropolis, Kaduna State. Each participant completed a researcher-devised questionnaire and quasi design was used in the selection of hospitals. Subsequently about 5mls of peripheral blood for serological analysis was obtained after informed consent. Presence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis was determined using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect IgG and screening for HIV was also done using Determine® HIV 1/2 as well as Uni-GoldTM HIV Test Kits. Out of the two hundred and seventy (270) samples collected, 32(11.9%) were positive for Chlamydia trachomatis IgG, 7(2.6%). Chlamydial infection was found to be significantly associated with level of education. There was no significant association between chlamydial infection and occupation, subjects' husbands' occupation.


The output of Stirling engine is influenced by the regenerator effectiveness. The regenerator effectiveness is influenced by heat transfer and flow friction loss of the regenerator matrix. In this paper, in order to provide a basic data for the design of regenerator matrix, characteristics of heat transfer and flow friction loss were investigated by a packed method of matrix in the oscillating flow as the same condition of operation in a Stirling engine. As matrices, 6 kinds of steel wires, 4 kinds of combined steel wires, 8 kinds of combined steel wires with screen meshes were used. The results are summarized as follows; Among 6 kinds of steel wires the two steel wires showed the highest in effectiveness. Among 4 kinds of combined steel wires showed the highest in effectiveness. Among 8 kinds of combined steel wires with screen meshes showed the highest in effectiveness.


Aromatic polyamide-esters of moderately high molecular weight were prepared from various combinations of three aminophenols (m- and p-aminophenol, and 4-(4′-aminophenoxy) phenol) and two aromatic diacid chlorides (isophthaloyl and terephthaloyl) by interfacial polycondensation in a cyclohexanone/water system and two-phase polycondensation in a dichloromethane/water system with phase-transfer catalysts. The solution polycondensation in dichloromethane/N,N-dimethylacetamide was also successful for the production of high-molecular-weight polymers. The solubility of the aromatic polyamide-esters varied markedly with polymer structure. Except for two polyamide-esters derived from terephthaloyl chloride, all the other polymers were almost amorphous. These polymers had glass transition temperatures at around 200°C and showed 10% weight losses at about 400°C in both air and nitrogen atmospheres.


The main objective of this paper is to give a survey of recent automatic optimization methods which either have found or should find useful application in the area of computer-aided network design. Huang's family of algorithms for unconstrained optimization is reviewed. The Fletcher method and the Charalambous family of algorithms for unconstrained optimization, which abandon the "full linear search," are presented. Special emphasis is devoted to algorithms by Bandler and Charalambous on least pth and minimax optimization which can be readily programmed and used. Due to work by Bandler and Charalambous, it is shown how constrained minimax problems can be solved exactly as unconstrained minimax problems by using a new approach to nonlinear programming. The application of minirnax optimization on the design of lumped-distributed active filters, problems for future investigation, and a select list of references are also included.


Research Papers Arzu Çöltekin, Benedikt Heil, Simone Garlandini, and Sara Irina Fabrikant Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interactive Map Interface Designs: A Case Study Integrating Usability Metrics with Eye-Movement Analysis ......................................................... Mamata Kumari Akella First Responders and Crisis Map Symbols: Clarifying Communication ...................................... Robert E. Roth The Impact of User Expertise on Geographic Risk Assessment under Certain Conditions ....... Christophe Lienert, Rolf Weingartner, and Lorenz Hurni Real-Time Visualization in Operational Hydrology through Web-based Cartography ................ William G. Thompson An Automated Method of Scale Selection and Sheet Configuration for Multiple Sheet Census Maps with Insets ................................................................................. Stefan Leyk and Ruedi Boesch Extracting Composite Cartographic Area Features in Low-Quality Maps ................................... Barry Bitters Spatial Relationship Networks: Network Theory Applied to GIS Data ....................................... I. Oztug Bildirici, Aydin Ustun, H. Zahit Selvi, R. Alpay Abbak, Ilkay Bugdayci Assessment of Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Elevation Data Based on Topographic Maps in Turkey .................................................................................................. Alan Saalfeld Topological Coordinates: Numerically Encoding the Underlying Topological Structure of Plane Graphs ............................................................................................................ James E. Mower Automating Landscape Illustration with Pen and Ink Style Rendering ....................................... 29


The technique of low energy muon spin rotation has been used to measure the microscopic field distribution in the vortex state of a 700 nm thick YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 2d film. By varying the implantation energy of the muons we were able to monitor the spatial evolution of the magnetic field distribution as the flux lines emerge through the surface of the superconducting film. The results are in excellent agreement with calculations based on the London model and clearly demonstrate the potential of the new technique for thin film and surface studies.


A study was made of the incidence and evolution of psychrotrophic bacteria in two batches of yoghurt ice-cream manufactured in Spain and frozen at -23°C for 60 weeks. Psychrotrophic bacteria were detected in the both batches, although contamination levels varied. Contamination decreased with longer storage.


Incident report triage is a common endeavor in many industry sectors, often coupled with serious public safety implications. For example, at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), analysts triage an influx of incident reports to identify previously undiscovered drug safety problems. However, these analysts currently conduct this critical yet error‐prone incident report triage using a generic table‐based interface, with no formal support. Visualization design, task‐characterization methodologies, and evaluation models offer several possibilities for better supporting triage workflows, including those dealing with drug safety and beyond. In this work, we aim to elevate the work of triage through a task‐abstraction activity with FDA analysts. Second, we design an alternative gist‐based summary of text documents used in triage (SumRe). Third, we conduct a crowdsourced evaluation of SumRe with medical experts. Results of the crowdsourced study with medical experts (n = 20) suggest that SumRe better supports accuracy in understanding the gist of a given report, and in identifying important reports for followup activities. We discuss implications of these results, including design considerations for triage workflows beyond the drug domain, as well as methodologies for comparing visualization‐enabled text summaries.


OBJECTIVE
This study was to establish an animal model to imitate facial nerves injury by explosion.

METHODS
The impact was simulated by detonator blast in the distance of 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm over the face of dogs under anesthesia and the edge injury of masseters were made by rifle-shot steel ball to imitate segment injury in real explosion. The dogs were killed after different time of injury and the heart, lung, brain and facial nerve were taken to observe the pathological changes in order to evaluating the wound effect in different distances.

RESULTS
The animal was injured severely in the distance of 5 cm and could not survive for a long time because of severe damage to brain, heart and lung. The dogs injured at 10 cm could survive after emergency treatment, and there was diffusing hemorrhage in edematous nerve trunk. In the distance of 15 cm, the dogs were injured slightly and, as the distance to the explosive source increased, the local wound became slighter. Under light microscope, the breakage and necrosis of facial nerve fibers could be widely observed, degenerative and necrotic neurons with infiltrating inflammatory cells could be found in the facial nerve nuclei as well.

CONCLUSION
The dog's traumatic model established by impact wave and segment in this experiment is an appropriate animal model for the research of explosive effect on facial nerves because of its controllable and repeatable injuring conditions.


This paper briefly introduces the new medical teaching model with "system-based integrated teaching" and "taking the question as the centre" recommended by Shantou University Medical College.In order to realize the ideal of new medical teaching model,reform and practice for the teaching contents,teaching model and teaching method both in classroom teaching and novitiate of ophthalmology are analyzed emphatically.


The work condition of the air cushion suspension technology was simulated numerically based on CFD technology. In order to comparing with different work conditions, at the beginning of the subject, three different pressure inputs have been given. Based on the velocity magnitude cloud and streamlines, the vortices generated by the input flow on the wall of the air cushion balloon had also been investigated and some conclusions were drawn.


In grazing livestock systems, the deposition of reactive nitrogen via urination is a significant potential source of nitrogen loses (e.g: nitrous oxide, ammonia emissions, nitrate leaching) which can account for 50 % to 60 % of the nitrogen input. These events occur randomly, resulting in high spatial variability at the field scale which prevents accurate accounting of their contribution to various pathways of nitrogen losses. This study investigated an alternative technique for identifying the spatial coverage in grasslands using Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) technology.


The Sichuan-Shaanxi revolutionary base occupies an important position in the 2nd Civil Revolutionary War.It is the second largest area in the China Soviet Republic,contributing a lot to the China Revolution.This paper points out the noticeable characteristics of the cultural and educational cause such as revolutionary quality in educational thought,direction of educational aim,widespread quality in the mass mobilizing,the multiplicity of running the school and the flexibility of teaching methods.


A new kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of micro amounts of iodine was developed based on the principle that I - inhibits the discoloration of metanil yellow oxidized by potassium bromate in sulfuric acid medium in the presence of sodium thiosulfate.The linear range for determination of iodine is 0.02—0.4mg/L,the detection limit is 1.5×10 -8 g/mL.The method was used for the determination of micro amounts of iodine in food with satisfactory results.


Classification of fabric samples into classes is highly required for automatic fabric inspection systems, as many of the fabric defects are defined relative to the fabric classes. The texture of the fabric surface is the best way to represent a fabric class, corresponding to which the statistical measures are the Haralick parameters. As all of the Haralick parameters are not responsible for fabric classification and there are no universal Haralick parameters for classifying all types of fabric samples, so it is necessary to determine a subset of Haralick parameters that gives best classification result for the fabric classes under consideration. This subset of Haralick parameters is termed as optimized Haralick parameters of the fabric classes under consideration, which has been determined by using the rough set theory. The developed system has been tested on TILDA database and its superiority with respect to the non-optimized Haralick parameters is established in terms of classification result and separability index.


Precision and personalized medicine have gained a lot of attention in the recent years. The number of prescription drugs which are affected by genetic compositions of the patients has significantly increased over the years. We propose a big data system for aggregating and analyzing dispersed public information on prescription drugs whose useful are sensitive to patient genetic types. The proposed system includes two main features. An intelligent information aggregator that can identify and organize relevant information from several data sources into an integrated dashboard. The second feature enables users to collect relevant public data and apply and compare machine learning models to predict optimal dosage based on historical data. In this poster, we present a prototype implementation and illustrate its functions and benefits with a use case of Warfarin dosages.


Reactions of methyl esters such as methyl acetate with synthesis gas have been investigated by use of the mixed clusters such as [Et4N][RuCo3(CO)12] and [Et4N][Ru3Co(CO)13] or a combination of Ru(acac)3 and Co2(CO)8 as catalyst and methyl iodide as promoter. In the homologation of methyl acetate, the catalytic activity for formation of ethyl acetate was much improved when both ruthenium and cobalt existed in the reaction system.


DR. KEITH Ross showed a boy, aged nine years. The child was healthy at birth, but was fed artificially and had a very severe attack of enteritis at the age of two months. At the age of three years he had developed a limp and was kept in bed for some months. The right femur was explored for sarcoma and some tissue removed at operation was examined bya pathologist, but was not identified. During convalescence the femur was fractured by a slight blow, but normal union occurred. A year later the femur was fractured again, and after union occurred the child was allowed up in a caliper splint. While the child was wearing this splint coxa vara was noted. Soon afterwards the right tibia was fractured, and when the child began to walk again both the femur and the tibia became progressively distorted. In February, 1936, the tibia was fractured again, and once more in June, 1937, when Dr. Ross first saw the child. Apart from the bony disease and the fractures, the child was normal in all respects and did not even suffer any pain. Dr. Ross had referred him to Dr. S. O. Cowen for further investigation and advice concerning treatment. It was found that the serum calcium was 10·2 and the serum phosphorus 3·0 milligramines per hundred cubic centimetres, and the urinary phosphatase was estimated at more than fifty units per hundred cubic centimetres. The child had been seen by many medical men in all the capital cities of Australia, with the exception of Adelaide. Some had been emphatic that he was suffering from osteuis fibrosa cystica and some that he was not. Dr. Ross said that he was in favour of this diagnosis, but thought that it was imperative to take into account the results of a full calcium metabolism test before a definite opinion was given. He knew that this investigation could be made accurately at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, but he would try to arrange to have it done in Melbourne.


(2) Redwater or Texas Fever. I may dismiss this disease in a few words. It is a most inte-. resting disease, and of great importance to stock farmers. It only affects cattle. Geographical Distribution.-It is found in almost every part of the world. It was first studied in North America; hence the name Texas fever. To Kilborne and Smith is due the honour of elucidating the causation of this disease, and their work forms one of the most interesting chapters in the history of pathological science. The following map, prepared by Professor Nuttall, F.R.S., Cambridge, represents the distribution of these piroplasma diseases over the whole world, as far as is at present known.


Children's self-awareness, social cognition, and life values, etc. have been developed, and life experience and sense of identity of life value are very important for the growth of the whole life. Therefore, life education should be carried out from an early age to guide children to love and cherish life, use positive energy to inspire children's life spirit, and shape children's positive outlook on life and correct attitude towards life. This research analyzes the current situation of kindergarten life education from the aspects of the life attitude, life education attitude of the kindergarten teachers and solutions for the questions. In addition, it also includesthe frequency, content, ways andmethods, and principles of the kindergarten life education. on this basis, the research provides a reference for children's life education to promote the healthy development of children.


Classical simulation of quantum computers will continue to play an essential role in the progress of quantum information science, both for numerical studies of quantum algorithms and for modeling noise and errors. Here we introduce the latest release of Intel Quantum Simulator (IQS), formerly known as qHiPSTER. The high-performance computing (HPC) capability of the software allows users to leverage the available hardware resources provided by supercomputers, as well as available public cloud computing infrastructure. To take advantage of the latter platform, together with the distributed simulation of each separate quantum state, IQS allows to subdivide the computational resources to simulate a pool of related circuits in parallel. We highlight the technical implementation of the distributed algorithm and details about the new pool functionality. We also include some basic benchmarks (up to 42 qubits) and performance results obtained using HPC infrastructure. Finally, we use IQS to emulate a scenario in which many quantum devices are running in parallel to implement the quantum approximate optimization algorithm, using particle swarm optimization as the classical subroutine. The results demonstrate that the hyperparameters of this classical optimization algorithm depends on the total number of quantum circuit simulations one has the bandwidth to perform. Intel Quantum Simulator has been released open-source with permissive licensing and is designed to simulate a large number of qubits, to emulate multiple quantum devices running in parallel, and/or to study the effects of decoherence and other hardware errors on calculation results.


The invention discloses sika deer donkey-hide gelatin and a preparation method thereof. The sika deer donkey-hide gelatin is prepared from the ingredients in parts by weight: 10000 parts of sika deer skin, 150 parts of crystal sugar, 350 parts of plant sesame oil, and 150 parts of yellow wine. The preparation method of the sika deer donkey-hide gelatin comprises the steps of soaking the sika deer skin into drinking water; exchanging the water once everyday in the soaking process, wherein the soaking time is 10-12 days; taking out to scrape the deer hair, cleaning by clean water, and cutting into blocks; putting into a pan according to the ratio of wet skin to drinking water of 1 to 0.6, so that the water is higher than the deer skin, continuously stirring when the water boils; pouring into a pocket or a bag made of a gauze to filter after melting the deer skin; adding water to the filter residue to decoct, continuously extracting twice, and merging the extracting solution, concentrating in the pan, and adding other materials such as ice crystal, the plant sesame oil and yellow wine two hours before discharging; controlling the moisture at 26-29% when discharging the donkey-hide gelatin; condensing for 10-12 hours when the temperature is 0-5 DEG C; airing and controlling the moisture within 8%, and forming the product when a crisp sound is emitted at the moment that the donkey-hide gelatin is thrown to the ground. The sika deer donkey-hide gelatin disclosed by the invention has the effects of tonifying cold caused by deficiency of the waist and kidney and resisting fatigue.


Objective To develop a magnetic-bead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for improving the quantification of serum myoglobin detection. Methods Using domestic carboxylated magnetic beads coated with anti-myoglobin McAb by N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), and another anti-myoglobin McAb linked to horseradish peroxidase, a sandwich ELISA for quantitative detection of serum myoglobin was developed. The serum levels of myoglobin in 50 clinical samples were measured by this binding assay and a classic sandwich ELISA. Results The magnetic-bead ELISA gave a linear response in the dynamic range of 5- 1 000 μg/L, as compared to 5-200 μg/L by classic ELISA. Conclusions This magnetic-bead ELISA compared to classic sandwih ELISA will be better in the quantification of the serum myoglobin detection.


Heat generation by point-like structures is an appealing concept for its implications in nanotechnology and in biomedicine. The way to pump energy that excites heat locally and the synthesis of nanostructures that absorb such energy are key issues in this endeavor. High-frequency alternate magnetic or near-infrared optical fields are used to induce heat in iron oxide nanoparticles, a combined solution that is being exploited in hyperthermia treatments. However, the temperature determination around a single iron oxide nanoparticle remains a challenge. We study the heat released from iron oxide nanostructures under near-infrared illumination on a one-by-one basis by optical tweezers. To measure the temperature, we follow the medium viscosity changes around the trapped particle as a function of the illuminating power, thus avoiding the use of thermal probes. Our results help interpreting temperature, a statistic parameter, in the nanoscale and the concept of heat production by nanoparticles under thermal agitation.


We participated in the development of a one-month curriculum for clinical pharmacy training for fourth-year undergraduates studying at Kanazawa University. Students learned about 81 diseases and the drug therapy through integrating an up-to-date electronic textbook. The pharmacists surveyed the education problem offered at the university by giving the lectures and attending a conference on drug therpy.


Aiming at energy saving of three-phase asynchronous motors for mine hoist, variable flux control scheme was proposed based on Particle swarm optimization(PSO). To reduce the reactive power loss at light loads, motor loss model was derived to optimize air gap flux using PSO. Fuzzy pre-compensated proportional Integral controller was adopted to increase the stability of the motor drive during variable speed due to the changes in flux. Experimental results show that motor's power loss for mine hoist will be reduced and the stability of motor speed be improved by the proposed scheme.


The essay deals with the case of Catholic associations which bury aborted fetuses when the parents do not give directives in this sense. The analysis focuses particularly on the role of municipalities that grant areas in cemeteries to Catholic associations. The essay supports the thesis that the relationship between municipalities and Catholic associations must respect the principle of secularism and the principle of equality.


Abstract After labelling a calcareous soil with 59Fe, the mobilization of labelled Fe by root exudates of Fe‐deficient barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) was studied in vitro at pH 7.4 in short term experiments of up to 48 h. These root exudates contain chelators (phytosiderophores) which form stable FeIII chelates (ferrated phytosiderophores) . Compared to the control (CaSO4), the mobilization rate of labelled Fe within the first 16 h. was increased by phytosiderophores (10‐5M) by a factor between 10 and 20. At chelator concentrations of 10‐5M, the microbial siderophore, Desferal (ferrioxamine B methane sulfonate), was somewhat more effective than phytosiderophores in mobilization of labelled Fe, whereas the synthetic chelator DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) was ineffective under these conditions. Decreasing the accessibility of 59FeIII at the soil surface by shaking the labelled soil with increasing phosphate concentrations substantially decreased the amount of labelled Fe mobilized by phytos...


Factors analysis, determining the stability of mineral dispersal systems during disintegration was done. A mathematical model of the process of formation of small particles of the mineral component of hydromineral mixture in the field of hydrodynamic influence is presented, initiated by cavitation. The identified basic dependency options allowed, experimental studies of the disintegration of mineral particles, using electron microscopy to control the process and assess its effectiveness. Developed ideas about structural and mechanical features of mineral hydro-mineral mixture taking into account thermodynamic potential, the preconditions are not only theoretical justification for the process, but also the development of applied research in the development of technologies and means of processing and enrichment minerals in environmentally friendly ways.


The Th2 cytokine response has long been associated with allergic disease, and as IL-4 heightens the Th2 response thus exacerbating the situation, positive identification of the cells producing IL-4 is important. This could open the way for development of therapeutic treatments to modify or block IL-4 production, thus attenuating the Th2 response. While T cells and mast cells are obvious candidate sources for IL-4, basophils have also been associated with this cytokine. In this issue, Hoffman et al. [1] have shown that lectins can stimulate IL-4, not only in basophils but also in mast cells and eosinophils. These are interesting observations with implications for our understanding of the Th2 response. Lectins are naturally occurring carbohydrate-binding proteins (commonly glycoproteins) of non-immune origin and are found in plants, fungi, invertebrates and vertebrates, including man – indeed, it is probable that they occur in all living species. Individual lectins bind to carbohydrate residues in a highly specific manner and by so doing can alter the cellular response. It is not clear by what mechanism the lectins are causing the stimulation of IL4 production in Hoffman's studies, but as these are living cells, the lectins are presumably binding to carbohydrates on the surfaces of the cells. The binding of the multivalent lectins to cell surface carbohydrates could have several different effects. Binding to a specific carbohydrate may be sufficient to mediate a signal stimulating IL-4 secretion directly. Alternatively, lectins may cross-link proteins via carbohydrate residues, reducing the mobility of the proteins within the cell membrane or agglutinating cells altering normal cell-to-cell interactions; either of these could result in altered IL-4 production. Lectins are widespread in our diet and are generally resistant to digestion, which opens up the possibility of pathophysiological interactions with cells of the immune system. In rats, long-term feeding of low doses of some commonly occurring lectins resulted in an increase in pancreatic growth [2]. Other studies on rats fed a diet containing the lectin from wheat germ compared to a diet deprived of this lectin demonstrated that the deprivation resulted in suppression of lymphocyte activity from primary and secondary lymphoid organs [3]. These results show the potential for dietary lectins to influence cellular responses, including inflammatory responses, via carbohydrate interactions and are consistent with the results obtained by Hoffman et al. [1]. It is becoming clear that carbohydrates have a much broader role in cellular interactions than has previously been recognized. In recent years, carbohydrates have become a focus of attention as better techniques for understanding their interactions have become available. Cellular carbohydrate expression changes depending on the environment and such changes in carbohydrate expression are now associated with a number of disease states. Much work has been done in the field of bacterial and viral attachment to host cells, probably the best known example being the influenza virus that has a surface haemagglutinin that binds to sialic acid containing glycans on cell surfaces in the upper respiratory tract mucosa. This enables the virus to colonize the mucosa and for fusion of the virus to take place resulting in infection [4, 5]. Another bacterium that causes persistent problems is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is a very virulent bacterium that colonizes compromised airways. It is known to produce two lectins, and both these lectins inhibit ciliary function and are probably involved in the attachment of the bacteria to the epithelial cells in the respiratory tract, thereby facilitating colonization [6]. This bacterium is notoriously difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics in immuno-compromised patients. However, there is a case report describing an infant who had received chemotherapeutic treatment for a neuroblastoma and who subsequently developed a P. aeruginosa infection. This infection did not respond to conventional antibiotic treatment and so a series of galactose/fucose inhalations (these are the carbohydrates for which these lectins are specific) were applied. This resulted in elimination of the bacteria [7] as shown by microbiological testing and recovery of the patient. This is probably the first time that a lectin-based therapeutic principle has been applied to P. aeruginosa infections and with a successful outcome. Generally, drug companies tend to develop complex biochemical therapeutic treatments that are extremely expensive and have a high drop-out rate due to toxicity or other problems. Such simple therapies as sugar aerosols do not seem to have attracted their attention, possibly because basic sugars are not patentable. The cancer field is also an excellent example where the study of carbohydrate expression has yielded results that pertain to the prognosis of the patient. Determination of carbohydrate profiles, in particular of primary tumours, can now determine the metastatic potential of the tumour and hence affect the outcome of the disease demonstrating the importance of altered carbohydrate expression. For example, the ability of lung adenocarcinomas to metastasize has been linked to the expression of a particular form of galactose on the cells [8]. The presence of N-acetylgalactosamine residues on cancer cells including breast, stomach and colorectum amongst others can be associated with metastasis and poor prognosis [9]. Clearly, the knowledge that certain tumours are more likely to metastasize will assist in developing the most appropriate treatment regimens. In many cases, these studies have been undertaken using lectin analysis of the cell surface carbohydrate structure. By using combinations of lectins, it is possible to formulate a carbohydrate profile for both normal and diseased states and thus identify any altered expression associated with the Clin Exp Allergy 2003; 33:859–860


In recent years, biodegradable magnesium alloys have attracted considerable attention in medical devices, such as permanent implants and stents. However, poor corrosion resistance is a major problem limiting the practical application of magnesium alloys. In this study, Mg67Zn28Ca5 alloys were prepared via two different methods, namely, vacuum induction melting and ulfur hexafluoride shielded melting. The effect of melting method on the bio-corrosion resistance of MgZnCa cast magnesium alloy was also studied. The microstructure and phase composition of Mg67Zn28Ca5 alloys were investigated by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The element distribution and surface morphology of Mg67Zn28Ca5 alloys were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance of Mg67Zn28Ca5 alloys was measured via electrochemical and immersion tests. Results showed uniform composition of the Mg67Zn28Ca5 alloy melted by vacuum induction. Immersed in the simulated body fluid, the corrosion rate of Mg67Zn28Ca5 by vacuum induction melting (0.2618 mm/a) was lower than that by ulfur hexafluoride shielded melting (0.9686 mm/a); the corrosion potential of Mg67Zn28Ca5 melted by vacuum induction (−1313 mV) was nobler than that by ulfur hexafluoride shielded melting (−1483 mV); the corrosion current of Mg67Zn28Ca5 by vacuum induction melting (1.202 × 10−5 A) was lower than that by ulfur hexafluoride shielded melting (4.332 × 10−5 A). The Mg67Zn28Ca5 by vacuum induction melting showed uniform corrosion behavior.


The first incontrovertible Otozoum moodii of Gondwana is described from the Etjo Formation (Waterberg Plateau, Namibia). Distinct Otozoum trackways and isolated footprints are reported from the Omuramba Omambonde tracksite, in the Otjozondjupa Region (North–central Namibia). Previously known only from North America, Europe and possibly Lesotho, the occurrence of Otozoum is a definitive time constraint for an Early Jurassic age of the Etjo Formation. The presence of Otozoum in the hyperarid facies and specifically in interdune setting of the Etjo Formation is in accordance with previous claims of environmental selectivity for this ichnomorph.


Summary form only given. Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is one of the key solutions for providing greater bandwidth in optical communication networks. Recently, multi-layer dielectric filters, silica waveguides or diffraction gratings have been used to fabricate the WDM devices. In particular, multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber ring lasers using comb filters have been reported. In this paper, we demonstrate a side-polished fiber-optic comb filter and propose its application as a channel isolation filter for a WDM-based multi-wavelength light source.


Introduction: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), comprised of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with systemic involvement. Inflammation predisposes t...


Graphene oxide/Chitosan (GOCH) composite was synthesized by hydrothermal method and structurally characterized by FT-IR, RAMAN, XRD and BET analyses which provide support for graphene oxide and chitosan incorporation. The synthesized composite was employed for the removal of direct red 7 (DR7) by batch adsorption process. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevic, Harkin-Jura, Scatchard plot analysis and Hasley isotherms were used to elucidate adsorption mechanism. The value of R2 revealed that isotherm was well explained by Langmuir model. The extent of monolayer adsorption capacity of GOCH was calculated as 34.2 mg/g. The pseudo first order kinetic studies were in agreement with experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy (Ea = 8.405 KJ/mol), enthalpy (ΔH = 89.417 KJ/mol), free energy change (ΔG) and entropy (ΔS = 0.2971 KJ/mol) were calculated. It propounded that the adsorption of DR7 on GOCH was favorable, spontaneous and an endothermic process.


I investigate two models interacting agent systems: the first is motivated by the flocking and swarming behaviors in biological systems, while the second models opinion formation in social networks. In each setting, I define natural notions of convergence (to a "flock" and to a "consensus", respectively), and study the convergence properties of each in the limit as t ! 1. Specifically, I provide su cient conditions for the convergence of both of the models, and conduct numerical experiments to study the resulting solutions.


One of the safety measures undertaken by the aviation industry is the identification of risky air carriers. The Safety Assessment of Foreign Aircraft (SAFA) program, initiated by the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) in 1996, identifies airlines that have a lower safety record than is accepted by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). This paper discusses inspection and assessment methods used to identify risky air carriers, and the operation and results of the SAFA program.


This study investigated the moral reasoning abilities of second-year university students in in a medium sized liberal arts university in Taiwan. General English students were asked to solve a moral dilemma and their responses were analyzed utilizing Kohlberg's theory of moral development. The results of the study indicate that the majority of student surveyed reason at the conventional level of morality, which is second stage of the second level on Kohlberg's three-level, six-stage rubric. The study goes on to question whether or not this level of moral reasoning meets the mandate of liberal arts education and whether or not this level of moral reasoning will be sufficient to equip students for the moral decisions which they will face in the future as leaders of policy and industry. Methods to increase students' moral reasoning ability are also dicussed within this study


Our study carried out in elderly and multimorbid patients with acute coronary syndrome initially treated with ASS (100 mg per day) plus Clopidogrel (75 mg per day) was focused at Clopidogrel low- and non-responders and potential Clopidogrel-drug interactions. Moreover, we intended to clarify how far patients with reduced Clopidogrel response can profit by switching to Prasugrel. In 178 patients (mean age: 74.1 ± 0.6 years) Thrombocyte Reactivity Indices (TRI) were measured by VASP-tests. Patients showing a limited Clopidogrel response (low- and non-responders) were switched to Prasugrel (60 mg loading dose followed by 5 or 10 mg maintenance dose per day; 10 mg as standard dose, 5 mg in patients aged 75 years or older or weighting 60 Kg or less). Patients who were switched to Prasugrel were controlled by further VASP-tests. Additional evaluations were made for several subgroups of different age and gender. In elderly patients the fraction of Clopidogrel low- and non-responders tended to higher proportions than in younger patients (34.8 versus 46.8 %). In all cases with limited Clopidogrel response thrombocyte reactivity could be lowered by switching to Prasugrel. In patients of 75 years or older, or weighting less than 60 KG, a daily dose of 5 mg Prasugrel led to the same sufficient reduction of thrombocyte reactivity as in the other patients given 10 mg per day. After drug-switching circa 6 % remained low- or non responders regardless of whether they were treated with 5 or 10 mg Prasugrel. In patients successfully switched to Prasugrel we found the same reduction of thrombocyte reactivity as in Clopidogrel responders (mean TRI: 19%); all of our patients treated as described were free from any bleeding complications. Beside other drugs especially beta blockers seemed to be associated with significantly reduced Clopidogrel response, whereas proton pump inhibitors showed no interaction. All in all, Prasugrel seems to be more effective in lowering thrombocyte reactivity also in elderly patients, because the proportion of patients with limited response is much lower than in patients treated with Clopidogrel.


 Recent experimental studies have shown that the current balancing the charge occurred on a target irradiated with a laser can be used as a basic parameter for characterization of laser ablation. The time-resolved target current indicates the occurrence of various phases of the laser-produced plasma. During the first plasma phase defined by the duration of laser-target interaction, the time derivative of the target current matches the timeresolved laser intensity. The second phase of the laser-produced plasma starts after termination of the laser-matter interaction. For the entire duration of this active phase, the plasma surviving on the target surface emits transient electromagnetic radiation (EMP), X-ray radiation, and slow ions. This surface plasma causes the target charging balanced by a return target current on a time scale of 100 ns. Then the target holder acts as a probe, the signal of which can indicate a residual plasma persisting inside the target chamber on a time scale of microseconds. The separation of charges occurred in laser-produced plasma leads to the charging of the target during which the target's voltage can reach a value in the order of hundreds of kV [15]. This target polarization, which can drive up to 10-kA current between the target and the ground, can last several hundreds of nanoseconds till the time when the charge on the target is neutralized [6-9]. To our knowledge, the first evidence of a current flow between the laserproduced plasma and target surface was reported in [10]. The applied surface probe technique, which was based on a small wire probe embedded in the target and insulated from it, allowed for determination of radial distribution of current flow to and from the irradiated target surface. M. G. Drouet and R. Bolton [10] observed on a time scale of hundred nanoseconds that the conventional current flows along the laser beam axis into the target through the plasma-target interface for a period of hundreds of nanoseconds. The wire probe located out 44 EPS Conference on Plasma Physics P2.205


This paper identifies the current status of repair and support techniques for fibre systems, it identifies the challenges and requirements facing the aerospace industry to address this issue and finally it reviews some programs that are currently being supported to meet this requirement


We study the one-point probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the peculiar velocity and the density fluctuation in a cosmological fluid. Within the perturbative approach to the structure formation scenario, the effect of 'pressure' has recently been an area of research interest. The velocity dispersion of the cosmological fluid creates effective 'pressure' or viscosity terms. From this viewpoint, because the pressure reflects a nonlinear effect of the motion of the fluid, the pressure model would include nonlinear effects. Here we analyse the Lagrangian linear perturbation PDFs for both the Zel'dovich approximation and the pressure model. We find that the PDFs of the peculiar velocity remain Gaussian, even if we consider the pressure. For the PDFs of the density fluctuation, the occurrence of non-Gaussianity depends on the 'equation of state' for the fluid. Therefore we distinguish the 'equation of state' using the PDFs.


This work presents the analysis of the MISTRAL experiments on the determination of the effective delayed neutron fraction βeff for UOX and MOX Light Water Reactor cores using the APOLLO2.8 code and JEFF-3.1.1 nuclear data library. The objective is to check if the new 8 timegroups data in JEFF3 library (instead of the classi cal 6 groups) allows reducing the Calculation Experiment discrepancy observed when using ENDF/B-VII or the previous JEF-2 library. Our analysis has shown that the C/E bias is reduced fro m +2.8% to +0.8% ± 1.6% for the UOX cores and from +0.8% to +0.2% ± 1.6% for the MOX cores.