Issues of justice and injustice have only been tangentially addressed in the leisure literature. The "social justice paradigm" may provide an important conceptual umbrella for leisure scholars to connect a range of research] scholarly endeavors including issues related to gender, race/ethnicity, social class, disability, age, and sexual orientation. This paper explores the viability of the social justice paradigm for leisure research by focusing on the work of Young (1990) in Justice and the Politics of Difference. According to Young, many historical discussions of justice are grounded in a distributive paradigm that emphasizes instrumental principles embedded in individualism, accrual of goods/resources, and a competitive marketplace ethos of survival of the fittest. Thus, the "good life" has been defined within parameters of the possession and consumption of material goods and the acquisition of pleasure and comfortable lifestyles. Many post modern theories of justice, however, move beyond the distributive paradigm to assess the institutional conditions and arrangements that explain particular distributions of wealth, power, and status that exist among historically disenfranchised populations including women, people of color, individuals with disabilities, days and lesbians, the poor, and the elderly: As doers and actors we seek to promote many values of social justice in addition to fairness in the distribution of goods: learning and using satisfying and expansive skills in socially recognized settings; participating in forming and running institutions, and receiving recognition for such participation; playing and communicating with others, and expressing our experience, feelings, and perspective on social life in contexts where others can listen. (Young, 1990, p. 37) Social justice, then, concerns the degree to which societal institutions promote the conditions necessary for the realization of these values. Injustice is defined by the extent to which the pursuit of such values are inhibited by the oppressive institutional constraints and barriers that inhibit self determination and growth. Contemporary notions of justice and injustice thus move beyond the overt forms of racism, sexism, ableism, homophobia, and ageism toward uncovering the more covert and systemic properties of injustice that are embedded in everyday interaction (Dovidio & Gaertner, 1998; Young, 1990): Some groups suffer as a consequence of often unconscious assumptions and reactions of well-meaning people in ordinary interactions, media and cultural stereotypes, and structural features of bureaucratic hierarchies and market mechanism-in short, the normal processes of everyday life. (Young, 1990, p. 41) Although the social, cultural, historical and political histories of oppressed groups differ, there are five conditions that they share in common: exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence. Exploitation refers to the control and domination of one group over the economic and social resources of less powerful groups. Issues about who gets which jobs, how that work is compensated, and what types of work are left for particular groups form the central dimension of economic exploitation. Not only is the distribution of types of labor important, but so to are the structural, societal features that continue to constrain the kinds of opportunities available to people of difference. Marginalization and powerlessness refer to the extent to which groups of people are "expelled from useful participation in social life" (Young, p. 53). Marginalization and powerlessness may take on many forms including material deprivation as well as exclusion from decision-making, opportunities for personal and workplace development, and a range of life choices. "Even if marginals were provided a comfortable material life within institutions that respected their freedom and dignity, injustice of marginality would remain in the form of uselessness, boredom, and lack of respect" (Young, p. …


. Water can freeze upon multiple shock compression, but the window material determines the pressure of the phase transition. Several plate impact experiments were conducted with liquid targets on a single-stage gas gun, diagnosed simultaneously using photonic doppler velocimetry (PDV) and high speed imaging through the water. The experiments investigated why silica windows instigate freezing above 2 . 5GPa whilst sapphire windows do not until 7GPa. We find that the nucleation of ice occurs on the surfaces of windows and can be a ff ected by the surface coating suggesting the surface energy of fused silica, likely due to hydroxyl groups, encourages nucleation of ice VII crystallites. Aluminium coatings prevent nucleation and sapphire surfaces do not nucleate until approximately 6 . 5GPa. This is believed to be the threshold pressure for the homogeneous nucleation of water. transmission in the water during this time raising questions as to the ice structures formed. Future work should use time-resolved spectroscopy to better discern the structure of this phase.


Introduction to reading the Quran or mengaji should be called the children since early age or from pri- mary education (ages 3-8 years). Hijaiyah letters usually used in the writing of the Quran. As the Muslims were obliged to study the holly Quran. To the authors make an introduction application letters hijaiyah equipped with animations, pictures and voice to children of early age in- terested in learning letters hijaiyah. At this writing about ways of making the application contains letters of introduc- tion hijaiyah by using Macromedia Flash 8. By presenting the voice menu, menu writing and playing make an appli- cation menu that is served to the children more interesting and interactive. The concept of creation is also explained in stages starting from design to testing navigation and comes with a picture attachment of the steps taken.


Summary. An economic analysis was undertaken using pasture yield data from 8 selected sites from the National Reactive Phosphate Rock Project, that encompassed 7 different performance scenarios for North Carolina phosphate rock. The aims were to determine whether the use of North Carolina phosphate rock in place of single superphosphate might result in a positive financial benefit in the 4th year, and after 4 years of annual applications of fertiliser. The analysis was carried out using annual P applications of North Carolina phosphate rock and single superphosphate, that resulted in pasture yields equivalent to 50, 70 or 90% of the maximum yield response of single superphosphate in the 4th year. Annual pasture dry matter yields, produced by these fertiliser applications, were converted to stocking rates, and dollar incomes were derived by applying appropriate gross margins. The analysis was also undertaken to determine the financial benefit from large, year-1 applications of North Carolina phosphate rock. Single superphosphate was priced at $168/t while North Carolina phosphate rock plus sulfur was priced at $180/t. The economic analysis found that a positive financial benefit with North Carolina phosphate rock occurred for only one scenario where the agronomic performance of North Carolina phosphate rock and single superphosphate were equivalent in the 4th year of annual fertiliser application. For 3 other scenarios where the performance of North Carolina phosphate rock and single superphosphate were also equivalent in the 4th year, the economic performance of North Carolina phosphate rock was poor due to (i) a 'lag' effect where pasture yield with North Carolina phosphate rock was generally less than that with single superphosphate in years 1–3, and/or to (ii) a seasonal effect where the autumn–early winter pasture responses with North Carolina phosphate rock were less than those with single superphosphate, necessitating a reduction in annual stocking rates on the North Carolina phosphate rock-fertilised pasture. A key finding was that large, single, year-1 applications of North Carolina phosphate rock generally overcame these seasonal and/or yearly lag effects, and led to positive financial benefits from North Carolina phosphate rock applied in this way. Annual applications of North Carolina phosphate rock were economically viable at sandy, high rainfall sites where water-soluble P from single superphosphate would be readily leached from the root zone, provided that the soil P status was adequate and conditions were conducive to reactive phosphate rock dissolution. However, North Carolina phosphate rock was not an economically viable fertiliser to apply annually at (i) non-leaching sites where the soil P status was low and marked yield penalties occurred in the first few years of North Carolina phosphate rock use, (ii) where the soil had a very high P-sorption capacity, and (iii) where North Carolina phosphate rock dissolution was restricted by low rainfall or high pH. The inclusion of estimated residual P value had only a small impact on the economic outcome for scenarios which had not already performed poorly due to seasonal or lag effects.


This report is based on University Timetable Generator by using Tabu Search algorithm. It helps to generate a course schedule and an exam schedule for a University. Every university faces a different set of problem while preparing course schedule and exam schedule. There are lots of constraints while making a scheduler. And for this reason, students suffer much as well as faculties. This report is based on discussion about an automated timetable generator for a University by using Tabu Search algorithm. Tabu Search is a meta-heuristic procedure for solving optimization problems. Tabu Search deals with a sub-optimal initial solution. By analyzing the search space and averts inessential exploration, it optimists this solution and keeps the list of recently visited area in a Tabu list. This helps to solve these problems within a reasonable time and gives a feasible solution than any manual system. For a University, we have found that preparing exam schedule, course schedule, student assessment, room assignment with required resources are quite complex. But for all of them, we analyze that the Tabu Search technique is an essential method for getting a feasible solution. In this paper, we describe how Tabu Search works and how to get a feasible solution by using this algorithm.


Abstract Immobilized surfactant aggregates at a solid/liquid interface can act as two-dimensional solvents to increase the interfacial concentration of organic compounds selectively. This phenomenon is the basis for a new separation process presented here, admicellar chromatography. The technique offers certain advantages over conventional chromatographic separations. Batch and column separations of isomers of heptanol are used to illustrate the concepts of the process. Equilibrium calculations with single component data are found to give reasonable predictions for the batch separation of the isomers.


Chorea gravidarum, a bizarre movement disorder involving the limbs and face in pregnancy used to be a reasonably common condition, but is now rare. Willson & Preece (1932) in their review of 951 cases thought the incidence was about 1 :3500 pregnancies with a maternal mortality rate of 12.7%. A recent estimate by Zegart & Schwarz (1968) suggests an incidence of 1 : 139 000 pregnancies; a recent maternal mortality rate of about 1% has been suggested by Lewis & Parsons (1966). A single case of chorea gravidarum has been described in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by Donaldson & Espiner (1971). We present a patient in whom chorea gravidarum was associated with a circulating lupus-type anticoagulant but not with SLE. This pregnancy was successfully completed under cover of immunosuppressive doses of prednisone and low-dose aspirin therapy. The extremely distressing movement disorder responded to tetrabenazine which had no apparent adverse effects on fetal growth and welfare.


Objective: To detect the expression of Shh, Gli1 and β-catenin in triple negative breast cancer tissues and paracancer breast tissues by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry and to analyze their correlation with clinicopathological features.Methods: (1) qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Shh, Gli1 and β-catenin in 30 cases of triple negative breast cancer and their paracancer breast tissues, and the correlation among them was analyzed. (2) The expression of Shh, Gli1 and β-catenin proteins in 30 triple negative breast cancer and their paracancer breast tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, and their correlation with clinicopathological features was analyzed.Results: (1) Shh mRNA expression (1.2334 ± 0.27867), Gli1 mRNA expression (1.2135 ± 0.20636) and β-catenin mRNA expression (1.1421 ± 0.32330) in triple negative breast cancer tissues were higher than that in paracancer breast tissues, i.e., Shh mRNA expression (1.0022 ± 0.06721), Gli1 mRNA expression (1.0003 ± 0.02420) and -catenin mRNA expression (1.0033 ± 0.07920) were significantly different (p < .05). There was a significantly positive correlation between the mRNA expression of Shh and Gli1 (r = .989, p < .001), and between the mRNA expression of Shh and β-catenin (r = .868, p < .001). There was a significantly positive correlation between the mRNA expression of Gli1 and β-catenin expression (r = .869, p < .001). (2) The positive expression rates of Shh, Gli1 and β-catenin in triple negative breast cancer tissues were 93.3% (28/30), 96.7% (29/30) and 93.3% (28/30), respectively, which were higher than those in paracancer tissues 60% (18/30), 73.3% (22/30) and 73.3% (22/30), the differences were statistically significant (p < .05). There was a significantly positive correlation between the mRNA expression of Shh and Gli1 (r = .958, p < .001), and between the mRNA expression of Shh and β-catenin (r = .952, p < .001). There was a significantly positive correlation between the mRNA expression of Gli1 and β-catenin expression (r = .927, p < .001). The expression of Shh, Gli1 and β-catenin protein in triple negative breast cancer was not correlated with age and tumor size (p > .05), but Shh was positively correlated with histological grade (G) (r = .774, p < .001). Furthermore, Gli1 was positively correlated with histological grade (r = .757, p < .001). β-catenin was positively correlated with histological grade (r = .739, p < .001). Shh was positively correlated with TNM staging (r = .460, p = .010). Gli1 was positively correlated with TNM staging (r = .414, p = .023). -catenin was positively correlated with TNM staging (r = .404, p = .027). Shh was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (r = .540, p = .002). Gli1 was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (r = .515, p = .004). β-catenin was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (r = .559, p = .001).Conclusions: (1) The up-regulated expression of Shh, Gli1 and β-catenin proteins in triple negative breast cancer suggests that Shh, Gli1 and β-catenin proteins are involved in tumor genesis. The combined detection of the three proteins may provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of triple negative breast cancer. (2) Shh was positively correlated with Gli1 protein expression and β-catenin protein expression. Gli1 was positively correlated with β-catenin protein expression, suggesting that the three types of proteins play a synergistic role in the occurrence and development of TNBC. There may be crosstalk in the Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog signaling pathways in TNBC, which may provide a new approach for the treatment of TNBC. (3) The expression of Shh, Gli1 and β-catenin proteins was correlated with the degree of differentiation, TNM staging and lymph node metastasis of triple negative breast cancer, but not correlated with age and tumor size. Therefore, it was predicted that the three types of proteins were related to the invasion, metastasis and prognosis of TNBC.


'speak' in the book are those whose zar (spirit possession) ceremonies Boddy recorded during fieldwork in the 1970s and 1980s. Boddy remarks that the British misunderstood Sudanese values towards female circumcision, rather than seeing them 'in ways that might have helped to steer effective reform' (p. 99). Nowhere does she propose what 'effective reform' should have been; the tone of her work suggests instead that do-gooders should leave off their meddling. However, echoing a claim that has circulated among some antifemale-circumcision activists since the mid twentieth century, she does write that 'sunna circumcision' (meaning partial clitoridectomy, as opposed to the more radical Sudanese form) 'is the only form of female genital cutting admissible under Islam' (p. 205). She also cites aMuslim doctor in Sudan who recently declared that all forms of female circumcision were 'against Islam, insofar as they might reduce a woman's God-given sexuality' (p. 312). Islamic authenticity, she implies, meaning an Islam based on scholars' readings of the Qur'an and hadith, may be suitable grounds for 'reforming' female circumcision today. Forget about encircling the womb, this version may go, the Sudanese practice is 'un-Islamic' and good Muslims should abandon it. If Muslim activists do indeed use Islam to take on female circumcision, then a sequel to this book might one day be entitled, Civilizing Women: Internal Jihāds in Postcolonial Sudan.


Abstract Luminous compact blue galaxies (LCBGs) are a diverse class of galaxies characterized by high luminosity, blue color, and high surface brightness that sit at the critical juncture of galaxies evolving from the blue to the red sequence. As part of our multi-wavelength survey of local LCBGs, we have been studying the HI content of these galaxies using both single-dish telescopes and interferometers. Our goals are to determine if single-dish HI observations represent a true measure of the dynamical mass of LCBGs and to look for signatures of recent interactions that may be triggering star formation in LCBGs. Our data show that while some LCBGs are undergoing interactions, many appear isolated. While all LCBGs contain HI and show signatures of rotation, the population does not lie on the Tully-Fisher relation nor can it evolve onto it. Furthermore, the HI maps of many LCBGs show signatures of dynamically hot components, suggesting that we are seeing the formation of a thick disk or spheroid in at least some LCBGs. There is good agreement between the HI and Hα kinematics for LCBGs, and both are similar in appearance to the Hα kinematics of high redshift star-forming galaxies. Our combined data suggest that star formation in LCBGs is primarily quenched by virial heating, consistent with model predictions.


Large venues like airports and stadiums are naturally overly crowded. Even though such venues take extensive measures to improve the level of comfort and security, the customers' experience is not always positive. Attendants can often feel disoriented and overwhelmed which leads to confusion and increases waiting times as well as delays. In order to improve the customer experience, this project proposes a solution of implementing passive, unobtrusive RFID tags which will relay the location of the user in the venue to a central server. Then, using Push notifications sent on their smartphones, the users will be able to explore the area around them and receive personalized directions to their destination inside the venue. Additionally, by carrying an RFID tag, security personnel will be able to conduct screening faster thus reducing the long wait times in queues. Ultimately, the outcome of this project will be a far more reliable and efficient crowd management solution.


The in‐situ study of steel corrosion in sea bottom sediment (SBS) was carried out by Transplanting Burying Plate method (TBP method). It was found that the corrosion rate of steel in the sea bottom sediment with sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) could be as high as ten times of that in sea bottom sediment without SRB. The experiments in simulated sea bottom sediments with different SRB contents by artificial culturing showed that the electrochemical behavior of steel in the sea bottom sediment with SRB was different from that without SRB. SRB altered the polarization behavior of steel significantly. The environment was acidified due to the activity of SRB and the corrosion of steel was accelerated. The corrosion of carbon steel in sea bottom sediment is anaerobic corrosion, and the main factor is anaerobe. There are SRB commonly in SBS, and the amount of SRB decreases along with the depth of sediment. Because of the asymmetry and variation of sea bottom sediment, the most dangerous corrosion breakage of steel in SBS is local corrosion caused by SRB. So the main countermeasure of corrosion protection of sea bottom steel facilities should be controlling of the corrosion caused by anaerobe.


Excessive levels of carbon monoxide were found in ice skating arenas where ice resurfacing machines were used. Efforts to overcome the problem are described.


Two hundred and nine beef carcasses (BW of 361 ± 53 kg) from crossbred, grain-finished cattle were harvested in a commercial abattoir and subjected to a 96-h spray chilling treatment, conducted at 0 to 3°C in a commercial hot box with a wind speed of 3.1 m/s and 153-lux of fluorescent light. At the 24, 48, 72, and 96 h points of the treatment, the carcasses were analyzed for fatty acid composition, marbling score, core temperature (n = 1), pH, shrinkage, color, and aerobic plate count (n = 50). Carcasses reached 3ºC after 12 to 16 h of chilling. There were minimal changes in shrinkage among time point (-0.4 to 1.2%; P ≤ 0.002), pH (5.56 to 5.69; P ≤ 0.001), and aerobic plate count (APC) (0.1 to 0.7 log; P ˂ 0.001). Initial 24-h grading revealed a grade composition of 21.1% Slight (SL, n = 44), 34.0% Small (SM, n = 71), 17.2% Modest (MT, n = 37), 17.7% Moderate (MD, n = 36), and 10.1% Slightly Abundant (SA, n = 21). With marbling score in numeric values between 200 (Practically Devoid00) and 1100 (Abundant00), carcasses that had SM or greater marbling score at 24 h experienced a deduction of 34 to 60 points by the 96th hour of spray chilling (P ≤ 0.042). Comparatively, the marbling scores of the SL carcasses increased from 442 points at 24 h to 469 points at 96 h. Moreover, SL carcasses had a greater percentage of polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) (P < 0.001). Results indicate that spray chilling for 96 h may slightly increase the marbling score of USDA Select, but has minimal impacts on marbling score of greater USDA quality grades.


The objective of this work is the investigation of the industrial production process of the Color Masterbatches and of the parameters that influence the pigment dispersion into the polymer matrix. In particular, the project is focused on the production process optimization in order to increase the quality of the final product and to minimize their environmental impact.


The updated National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guidelines1 and the draft national strategy for COPD2 have recommended a change in the classification of airflow obstruction severity to align them with international classifications. NICE's 2004 guidelines recognised that disease severity is not the same as the severity of airflow obstruction and has recommended using other measures such as the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale, exacerbation frequency and multicomponent indices.3 However, UK …


This is the first report from a research project entitled "Migration and Social Change". The problem discussed in the report concerns the causes and effects of migration from Yugoslavia after World ...


Maturity functions are not valid above a thirty-percent degree of hydration. The effects of moisture at an early age on the hydration process are still unclear. More information is needed about the ...


Abstract Glastonbury Lake Village is one of very few wetland settlements to be almost entirely excavated in the British Isles and Europe. Its stratigraphic context was originally investigated by Godwin who correlated Glastonbury with a "second flood horizon" dated at c. 2060–1900 cal BP. Henceforth both were directly linked to marine incursions through the Axe valley in the late Iron Age. Godwin's investigations of the site lead him to believe that it bordered on open water to the east. Further stratigraphic work in the 1980s by Housley suggested that the village should be conceived of as a swamp village rather than a true lake village constructed in a very shallow lake or swamp. From both the remaining landscape features, its location and stratigraphy it is clear that it was close to a former course of the River Brue. This paper uses recent stratigraphic, pollen and diatom work in the Panborough Gap area and upstream of Glastonbury to re-assess the environment at the end of the third and beginning of the second millennia BP. A simple conceptual hydrogeological model is used to test hypotheses about the causes of flooding. The environmental data is consistent with the creation of tidal channels during the period of marine incursion in the early-mid Iron Age some of which remained open in the late 3rd millennium BP, and with the presence of marine and brackish water diatoms indicating periodic backing up of brackish water. The environmental evidence of a functioning partially estuarine channel to the north of the village is assessed in the light of the structural, artifactual and palaeoecological evidence from the original excavation. Both the broader environmental evidence and the archaeology suggest that Glastonbury Lake Village was in direct contact with the estuary of a tidal river discharging to the north through the Panborough Gap and Axe Valley and to the upper Brue valley to the south and west. In archaeological terms this may go some way to explaining the size, complexity and semi-specialised nature of the site. The evidence for abandonment due to rising water levels or flooding is also assessed and the case found as yet unproven and attention is drawn to other possible factors.


Advances in epitaxial growth techniques and bandgap engineering concepts have enabled new IR devices based on quantum well structures. The prime examples are the quantum well IR photodetectors (QWIPs) and the quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). In this paper, I will discuss devices beyond the well-known QWIPs and QCLs. On the IR detection side, the integration of QWIPs with other devices can provide unique capabilities not attainable by other conventional devices. One such example is the integration with LEDs for optically readout of an imaging device. Another example is the dual band operation of a QWIP structure for both near and middle IR imaging applications. On the emission side, an optically pumped IR emitter based on quantum well structures will be discussed.


general practitioner hopes the health centre can provide for him and the practitioners who come after him. The meeting will already have heard from Dr. Scott and from Mr. Durnford a reasoned case for the provision of certain facilities in health centres, and will have been shewn how these facilities are to be provided in health centre construction already sanctioned by the London County Council. Both have been able to draw on long practical experience of clinic provision, and have been able to make concrete suggestions to you. Even though some of these suggestions may not be uncontroversial (particularly when they concern the welding of preventive medicine services of well-understood types with services of much greater individual variation such as those personal health services given by the general practitioner to the patient in his consulting room), they are yet ones whose soundness and feasibility you can yourselves test from experience and example. In contrast to their views, mine, as yet unsubjected to the cruel proof that can only come when health centres are in daily use, may seem largely visionary. But I believe this is a moment when vision is needed


On the thermal reaction of H3PO4 or NH4H2PO4 with metal salts, such as Na2CO3 or Mg(OH)2, the "overcondensation" of the phosphate anions and the conjugate formation of metal oxide were observed. The "overcondensation" was defined as a formation reaction of the phosphate with a larger polymerization degree than that of the product to be expected from the [MO or M2O]/[P2O5] mole ratio of the starting mixtures. The "overcondensed" tetrametaphosphate and the conjugate oxide, magnesium oxide, were detected on the thermal condensation of MgHPO4·3H2O and of a mixture of NH4H2PO4 or H3PO4 and Mg(OH)2. The "overcondensed" tripoly- and trimeta-phosphate were found in the course of the formation reaction of Na pyrophosphate from a mixture of Na2CO3 and NH4H2PO4.


Indoor wheel mobile robot navigation system is still an open problem due to the presence of obstacles and the complexity of the environment. The path planning and localization play vital roles in obstacle avoidance and complete navigation of wheel mobile robot. In this paper, the most important methods are reviewed, by considering their advantages and limitations, especially for indoor mobile robots. Different low-cost navigation techniques for an indoor autonomous mobile robot are reviewed. This paper contributes to a comparison of approaches for collision-free and self-localizing indoor autonomous mobile robots, and recommendations towards low-cost but reliable solutions.


By using the metric projection onto a closed self-dual cone of the Euclidean space, M. S. Gowda, R. Sznajder and J. Tao have defined generalized lattice operations, which in the particular case of the nonnegative orthant of a Cartesian reference system reduce to the lattice operations of the coordinate-wise ordering. The aim of the present note is twofold: to give a geometric characterization of the closed convex sets which are invariant with respect to these operations, and to relate this invariance property to the isotonicity of the metric projection onto these sets. As concrete examples the Lorentz cone and the nonnegative orthant are considered. Old and recent results on closed convex Euclidean sublattices due to D. M. Topkis, A. F. Veinott and to M. Queyranne and F. Tardella, respectively are obtained as particular cases. The topic is related to variational inequalities where the isotonicity of the metric projection is an important technical tool. For Euclidean sublattices this approach was considered by G. Isac, H. Nishimura and E. A. Ok.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rotary driving device for a construction machine which can prevent deterioration of assemblability caused by a spring member when removing a slewing motor unit. SOLUTION: In the rotary driving device 10, a presser plate 40 is installed between the slewing motor unit 20 including a slewing motor M and a speed reducer unit 21 including a planetary gear mechanism 30. The presser plate 40 encloses a plurality of spring members 42 between it and the speed reducer unit 21 so as to hold down the upper parts of the spring members 42 protruding from the speed reducer unit 21 side. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT


The aim of the paper is to study cytokine blood profile (CBP) in patients with chronic diffuse liver disease (DLD) associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and secondary immunodeficiency (SID), using a combination of drugs with hepatoprotective (arginine glutamate) and immunomodulatory effects (aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium).
Materials and Methods. The authors examined 66 patients, aged 19–45, with DLD, associated with EBV and SID. The main group consisted of 34 patients, whereas the experimental group enrolled 32 patients. When developing a therapy program for such patients the authors paid attention to a combination of drugs with hepatoprotective (arginine glutamate) and immunomodulatory effects (aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium). Patients from the main group, in addition to conventional therapy, received combined therapy with the above-mentioned drugs.
Results. All patients were under dynamic observation. Before treatment, patients of both groups had similar CBP imbalance, which was characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines – TNF-α and IL-1β and a moderate increase in anti-inflammatory IL-4 and IL-10. After treatment, patients of the main group, who received aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium and arginine glutamate, demonstrated normalization in CBP parameters, while the parameters of the patients from the comparison group exceeded the norm.
Conclusion. Combined therapy in the complex treatment of patients with chronic DLD, combined with EBV and SID, contributes to the normalization of the studied CBP parameters (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10).


Recent research on the ethical dilemmas facing development workers in the UK convinced us of the continued relevance of the concept of 'authority' in organisational and political life. The Group Relations tradition is one of the few to make substantial use of this concept over the last fifty years and yet even within this tradition the concept remains relatively unexamined. This article explores the difference between personal and positional authority and argues that because of the inherent complexity and contestability of public life both forms of authority need to be drawn upon when professionals act in role. Using biographical interview material the article also examines early experiences of both bad and good authority and the mediating role of class and other factors in this. We see good authority in relational terms, as a form of mutual recognition.


Bayesian networks have become one of the most prevalent and useful formalisms for representing uncertain knowledge, and have been applied to problems that involve both generative data modeling and discriminative pattern classification. The problem of learning Bayesian networks from data embodies two key sub problems: structure optimization—that is, determining the directed acyclic graph defining the model; and parameter estimation—determining the conditional probability distributions to be associated with each variable. This thesis investigates both the challenges of learning structures and parameters from data. The main contributions of this thesis include: (1) a novel convex optimization algorithm for Bayesian network structure learning; (2) a new globally regularized risk minimization approach for gene regulatory network induction; (3) a new discriminative model selection criterion for score-based structure learning of Bayesian network classifiers; (4) a novel maximum margin discriminative parameter estimation algorithm for learning Bayesian network classifiers; and (5) a novel convex optimization algorithm for Bayesian network parameter learning with hidden variables.


Digital watermarking is the main method by which prevent illegal copying of proprietary images. In addition, to reduce the amount of damage caused by illegal distribution of proprietary images, a fast search technique for illegally distributed images on the Internet is necessary. We have proposed a two-stage search method for digital watermarked images. In the present paper, we propose a new high-efficiency pre-search algorithm for proprietary images that are suspected of being copied and distributed on the Internet. The proposed algorithm is capable of quickly identifying illegal copies from large image groups using mainly the correlation coefficient of compressed representations between the original image and a target image by convolutional autoencoder. The proposed search method has tolerance for attacks such as scaling, image compression, color reduction, and intensity conversion. The performance of the proposed search algorithm is evaluated through computer simulations.


A sugarhouse is one stage in the production of beet sugar. The purpose of the sugarhouse is to crystallize and separate sugar from the thick juice obtained in previous stages. These crystallization and separation processes are carried out in batteries of batch units, while the upstream and downstream stages are continuous. The dynamics of such plant generate a highly non-linear model, and the sequencing of the batch and intra-batch operations makes the simulation a problem with heavy stiff characteristics. The simulation is an ODE problem and is carried out in a MATLAB/Simulink© environment. But the choice of the correct ODE solver depends on their performance to handle the model's stiff and non-linear characteristics. This project studies each ODE solver present in the Simulink suite. The study will consider also how the solver parameters affect its capacity to solve this simulation problem.
The final purposes of the sugarhouse simulation are: a) provide a test-bed where to apply proposed schedules for the batch units in order to obtain the optimal operation, and b) generate a training tool for operators and plant managers.


Man and Mankind: Conflict and Communication Between Cultures By Edmund S. Glenn Ablex Publishing Corporation Norwood, New Jersey. 1981, 1982. Pp. 334


Journal bearings play an important role on many rotating machines placed on industrial environments, especially in steam turbines of thermoelectric power plants. Babbitt damage (BD) and excessive clearance (C) are usual faults of steam turbine journal bearings. This paper is focused on achieving an effective identification of these faults through an intelligent recognition approach. The work was carried out through the processing of real data obtained from an industrial environment. In this work, a feature selection procedure was applied in order to choose the features more suitable to identify the faults. This feature selection procedure was performed through the computation of typical testors, which allows working with both quantitative and qualitative features. The classification tasks were carried out by using Nearest Neighbors, Voting Algorithm, Naïve Associative Classifier and Assisted Classification for Imbalance Data techniques. Several performance measures were computed and used in order to assess the classification effectiveness. The achieved results (e.g., six performance measures were above 0.998) showed the convenience of applying pattern recognition techniques to the automatic identification of BD and C. Keywords—Journal bearing; Babbitt damage; excessive clearance; fault identification; feature selection; supervised classification


The overall objective of this study is to propose and employ the model of balanced scorecard as a strategic management tool in a carrier company. Presented in graphic form four quadrants and containing four business prospects, as are customers, financial, internal processes, innovation and learning. This type of research is descriptive literature and field research in the company Carga Express Mexicana. The company is viewed from a holistic perspective, which enhances the result with the knowledge that people have the same, which is evaluated with the general survey on aspects of the work implemented in Express Freight Mexicana. How strategic tool raises the BSC, starting with the strategic objectives will be established targets individuals from the four perspectives of Kaplan and Norton, also made a proposal for creation and implementation of the BSC for Carga Express Mexicana. As a previous activity, the exercise was conducted strategic planning, taking the internal and external environment, with this methodology, strategic objetives were proposed and subsequently developed targets and indicators for each of the four prospects for business according to BSC, as posed by Kaplan and Norton. It was discovered that Carga Express Mexicana does not have a strategic goal and thus there is no clear course for personnel performing the operation on a daily basis, with the approach made and the proposal of the BSC, will enable this company to have a clear road map for achieving the goals in the short term, and in the future.


This study examined whether the metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) phenotype was associated with an increased risk of diabetes in a large cohort of metabolically healthy individuals and whether that association differed by presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).


Apixaban is a new oral selective factor Xa inhibitor. Its efficacy and safety are being investigated in a large clinical development program across various indications in venous and arterial thrombotic disorders. A twice-daily regimen was chosen for all the studied indications of apixaban. All three Phase III studies in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee replacement (ADVANCE-1, -2 and -3) have been completed. On the basis of the data obtained so far, apixaban appears to be a promising new drug for the management of thrombotic diseases.


The intensity or variation of the spectrum in the violet and ultraviolet region is ordinarily measured by means of a thermo-couple or bolometer- arrangement. The physical, chemical, and physiological properties of the ultra-violet end of the spectrum are evidently not closely related to heat, and obviously any measurement based on the phenomenon of heat is unsatisfactory. The physiological properties of the region 3400 to 2900 A have recently attracted considerable attention and some dependable method of measurement other than one based on the phenomenon of heat would be very acceptable. At the present time the threshold values of certain metals seems to point in a promising direction. Einstein's photo-electric equation between the energy absorbed and that retained by an electron freed from a metal by ultra-violet light is

Figure 1.

vo being the low frequency limit for that particular metal.


Smartphones, the ubiquitous mobile screens now normal parts of everyday social situations, have created a kind of ongoing natural experiment for social scientists. According to Garfinkel's ethnomethodology social action gets its meaning not only from its content but also through its context. Mobility, small screen size, and the habitual way of using smartphones ensure that, while offering the biggest variety of activities for the user, in comparison to other everyday items, smartphones offer the least cues to bystanders on what the user is actually doing and how long it might take. This 'bystander inaccessibility' handicaps shared understanding of the social context that the user and collocated others find themselves in. Added considerations and interactive effort in managing the situation is therefore required. Future design needs to relate to this basic building block of collocated interaction to not be met with discontent.


The absorption spectra of single crystals of PbS, PbSe and PbTe have been examined in the temperature range from 20°K to 600°K The spectra are characterized by a sharp absorption edge which comcides with the long wavelength limit of photoconductivity in each material. At longer wavelengths the absorption coefficient increases slowly with increasing wavelength, as in germanium and silicon


This article outlines the prototypical and other meanings of the prepositon TO with an attempt to help learners make sense of the unfamiliar uses of it. A particular emphasis is given to the clearing of the confusion between TO as part of an infinitive and TO used as a preposition where most mistakes appear to be made. Attention is also given to a new trend in the use of TO adopted by the media, which may sometimes sound unusual to students of EFL.


The focus of this book is on how time is represented in reverse forms throughout modernist literature and culture, from about 1900 until the middle years of the twentieth century. It is particularly concerned with how antipodean reorientations of chronological scale reconfigure ways in which the conventional temporal categories of modernism are understood. It treats time neither as a philosophical nor as a theological concern but, rather, as a phenomenon shaped by material forces across different spatial and temporal trajectories. By foregrounding the antipodean slant of this project, it not only integrates the literature of Australia and other parts of the Southern Hemisphere into the broader trajectories of modernism, but also considers ways in which canonical narratives might productively be considered in relation to their antipodean dimensions, thereby opening up modernist narratives to various forms of systematic reversal. Backgazing thus reads canonical authors (Proust, Conrad, Joyce, Woolf, Eliot, Mann, Auden) in relation to Australasian modernist writers (Mansfield, H. H. Richardson, Dark, White, and others), and it considers how the shape of modernism appears different if viewed from an antipodean perspective. It also considers various neglected modernist writers (Cunard, Farrell, Powell, Slessor, R. D. FitzGerald) and suggests how their modernist idiom becomes more recognizable in relation to an aesthetics of backwardness and burlesque.


It is the purpose of this note to establish for a certain type, A, of space curves the new form of the four-vertex theorem recently stated and proved for plane ovals, f A space curve C shall be said to be of type A provided (a) it is a closed regular curve of class C", (b) its curvature never vanishes, (c) the projection of its tangent indicatrix 7 on a plane T perpendicular to the line joining the origin 0 to the center of gravity G of I is an oval or, if G coincides with 0, the projection of / on some plane, T, is an oval, and (d) this oval is traced just once when C is traced once. By a vertex shall be meant a point, or an arc of constant curvature, for which the curvature has a relative extremum with respect to the neighboring arcs on either side. A vertex shall be said to be primary if the curvature at it has a maximum (minimum) which is greater (less) than the average curvature of the curve with respect to the arc. Otherwise, a vertex shall be termed secondary.% The theorem to be established may now be formulated as follows.


rarely spreading on to the dorsum of the foot and associated with pain, but the swelling which, when associated witlh pain and redness, is described as typical of the condition lias only been seen in i case. 4. Sensation.-In no cases could distinct objective impairment of sensation be found. 5. Knee-jerks.-In these early cases the knee-jerk was often present and perhaps unusually brisk. 6. Ataxia.-This has not been noted in our cases, in the absence of palsies the difficulty in maintaining the equilibrium has usually been attributed by us to the painful condition of the feet. There lhas always been the ability to describe passive movements of joints. In the more advanced cases these types of sensory symptoms predominate, hyperasthesime being most pronounced. The motor symptoms did not present any appearances that we are not accustomed to see in the neuritis of alcohol, and in none of the cases inwhichl mental alteration was present could this latter poison be excluded. In no cases were the cranial nerves, the intercostals, or plhrenics affected.


Purpose An elevated concentration of phosphorus is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Common carotid artery intima–media thickness (cIMT) is an imaging marker of atherosclerosis. However, data on the relationship between phosphorus and cIMT in ischemic stroke are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the association between serum phosphorus levels and cIMT in patients who had experienced ischemic stroke. Patients and methods A total of 1,450 ischemic stroke patients were enrolled. Participants were divided into four groups (quartiles) according to baseline serum phosphorus level. Carotid atherosclerosis was identified by measurement of cIMT; abnormal cIMT was defined as a maximum cIMT or mean cIMT ≥ 1 mm. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between serum phosphorus level and the presence of abnormal cIMT. Results In the multivariable adjusted analysis, falling into the highest quartile for serum phosphorus (Q4) was associated with a 2.00-fold increased risk of having abnormal maximum cIMT [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44–2.79] and a 1.76-fold increased risk of having abnormal mean cIMT (adjusted OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.22–2.53) in comparison to Q1. Furthermore, the association between serum phosphorus and abnormal cIMT was confirmed in analyses treating serum phosphorus as a continuous variable and in subgroup analyses. Conclusion In acute ischemic stroke patients, baseline elevated serum phosphorus level was found to be independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis, as measured by cIMT.


Background: Despite the relationship between Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depressive symptoms, which has been well conducted in general populations, little is known about homosexual and bisexual populations, especially female sexual minorities in China. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of ACEs and depressive symptoms and to analyze the relationship between them among female sexual minorities in China.Methods: The eligible participants were aged 16 years or older who report their sexual orientation as homosexual or bisexual. The data was collected through anonymous questionnaires under the help of Lespark in Bejing from July 18 to December 29, 2018. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between ACEs and depressive symptoms among female sexual minorities. All statistical analyses were conducted by the software of SPSS 22.0.Results: Among 301 female sexual minorities,51.5% reported at least one ACE, in which emotional neglect (22.6%) and emotional abuse (22.3%) were common ACEs. 24.6% reported that they had suffered only one type of ACE, and 10% have suffered four or more ACEs. As for depressive symptoms of female sexual minorities, the detection rate was 56.1%. The multiple linear regression analyses showed that abuse (β=2.95, p<0.05) and neglect (β=3.21,p<0.05) were positively correlated with depressive symptoms and female sexual minorities with three (β=4.11, p<0.05) or more (β=6.02, p<0.001) ACEs suffered from more depressive symptoms than others. Conclusion: Both ACEs and depressive symptoms were at high prevalence among female sexual minorities in China. ACEs were associated with depressive symptoms, especially childhood abuse and neglect experiences that have a significant effect on female sexual minorities' mental health.


Pulsed laser spectroscopy has been applied to determine details of the excited state structure of the N-V center in diamond. Excited state splittings and dephasing behavior are reported.


A primary radiator for a 2-dimensional parabolic reflector was investigated for a millimeter-wave planar antenna, which was constructed by a slotted array fed by an oversized waveguide. This primary radiator consists of the vertical strip transmission line on which an L-shaped array pattern was etched. At first, the length of the L-shaped pattern was decided by calculation of the reflection characteristics. Next, the spacing between two L-shaped patterns was chosen by calculation of radiation patterns of the L-shaped array. It is obvious that a broad radiation pattern was obtained by selecting the spacing, and thus it is confirmed that this radiator is suitable for applications to the primary radiator at millimeter wavelength.


Recent development of compressed sensing (CS) and deep learning (DL) brought a significant progress in image reconstruction for sparse-view CT and low-dose CT. However, there still exist a strong demand in further improving image quality. We propose a new framework for image reconstruction in sparse-view CT and low-dose CT, which significantly outperforms CS and DL in terms of image quality. This advantage originates from combining CS and DL in a successful way as described below, thereby leading to compensating for each other's weakness. The proposed framework is based on the following principle. First, CS image reconstruction using TV (or Nonlocal TV) regularization is performed with prespecified M different values of regularization parameters (β1, β2, ---,βM), which generates M reconstructed images (z1,z2, - --,zM) with varying degree of TV smoothing. Next, the TV images (z1,z2, ---,zM) together with a FBP reconstruction (no smoothing) y are inputted into CNN having M+1 input channels and single output channel. The final reconstructed image is obtained as the output of CNN. With respect to the learning of network, CNN parameters (weights and biases) are estimated by minimizing an MSE loss function using learning data, i.e. a set of M+1 input images and corresponding answer image. In our previous work [11], we have already proposed a similar framework for the case where the number of input TV image is one. However, we expect that increasing the number of input images as mentioned above will further improve image quality. In this work, we have investigated such a new extension. Intuitively, the proposed method is based on combining good parts in M+1 input images to synthesizing a higher quality image, and this synthesis is performed by using DL. We have performed a simulation study using a dataset of clinical abdominal CT images for 2-D low-dose CT and 2-D sparse-view CT. The result demonstrates that the proposed combined approach is able to significantly improve image quality compared to the case where CS or DL was used alone, both in terms of numerical evaluation (RMSE and SSIM) and visual evaluation.


A variational study of the linear E-e Jahn-Teller effect, in which an electronic doublet interacts with a doubly degenerate vibration, has been performed using a simple correlated trial ground-state wave function\char21{}a correlated squeezed state. Our calculated variational ground-state energies are not only in good agreement with the exact diagonalization results, but they are also better than those from earlier analytical studies. This seems to suggest that the linear E-e Jahn-Teller system favors a strongly correlated squeezed ground state.


sets of used gastroscopes for gastroscopy were randomly divided into group A and B, 100 sets in each group. Gastroscopes in group A were cleaned and disinfected with the conventional method and those in group B were cleaned and disinfected with a modified cleaning and disinfection method. On the basis of the conventional method, the modified cleaning and disinfection method was supplemented a booster pump and a cleaning spray gun to replace the syringe for the suction-infusion in the conventional method, and the sterilization effects of two methods were studied and compared. The results showed that the gastroscope sterilization qualified rate achieved with the modified cleaning and disinfection method was 98%, that with the conventional cleaning and disinfection method was 78%, and there was a statistically significant difference in the qualified rate between the two groups (p < 0.05); the incidence of complete and incomplete air/water pipes of gastroscopes in group B was significantly lower than that in the control group (group A) (p < 0.05). The modified method for the cleaning and disinfection of gastroscopes shows a better disinfection effect, lower cost and strong practicability, worthy of clinical popularization.


The proton-proton interaction at very small distances is studied by analyzing the elastic scattering data near 2 and 3 GeV. The explicit inclusion of the one-pion-exchange contri bution in the high-angular-momentum states and that from the one-boson exchange in the intermediate-angular-momentum states together with the assumption that the absorption coef ficients can be represented by a smooth function of the orbital angular momentum l allowed us to determine the phase shifts for lower-angular-momentum states. Three independent solutions have been found at each energy considered, which are smoothly connected with solutions at lower energies. The form of the absorption is such that in general its maximum is in the 1 D 2 state. With respect to the real phase shifts, all of the solutions are consistent with the presence of a strongly repulsive core in the 1S 0 state, and solutions have been found which suggest a repulsive core also in the triplet odd states. The strong spin dependence of the interaction is stressed and this is also discussed in connection with the forward scattering amplitude. Predictions of several triple scattering parameters are given which may eliminate the ambiguity of the solutions found.


Heart transplant is one of the accepted treatments for some patients with advanced heart failure. Of note, transplant surgeries may cause different infections and complications for patients during the post‐transplant period. A wide variety of opportunistic organisms caused these infections including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa particularly Free‐living amoebae (FLA). This study aims to study the presence of pathogenic FLA from the oral cavity of post‐heart transplant recipients.


Metaresearch is a scientific field involving the study of research itself. It has been applied to clinical trials since the 1980s,1 but has only become an emerging discipline over the last decade in the preclinical field. The primary tool of metaresearch is the systematic review, which uses predefined methods to provide a transparent and comprehensive summary of the evidence relating to a research question. A systematic review is defined as 'a review that uses explicit, systematic methods to collate and synthesize findings of studies that address a clearly formulated question'.2 Systematic reviews allow for evaluation of methods and comprehensiveness of reporting, to assay likelihood of reproducibility and potential for translatability to subsequent domains of research and can investigate the impact of incentives on primary research. This, in turn, allows for a more rigorous understanding of what makes research reliable, and how research can be improved,3 while driving evidence-based decisions for future research.4 5

Systematic reviews typically comprise several steps. Before beginning a systematic review, it is recommended that the author team develop a protocol, which defines the research question and the methods that will be used to conduct, analyse and report the findings of the review. The research question determines the resources required to complete the review, the broader the question and the larger the field the more resource intensive a review will be. The search strategy is developed to identify as much potentially relevant literature as possible, often involving searching of multiple databases. Following database searches, deduplication (if searching multiple database with overlapping coverage), the unique search results are screened for inclusion or exclusion. Full-text retrieval may be conducted before or after title and abstract citation screening. Metadata including information regarding reported study quality and design, and outcome data are then extracted from the included …


Institution,a concept used to be investigated in economy-political approach,is becoming independent and subjective out of its conventional role under the influences of both social contextual transformation and academic development after 1970s.Yet the current evolvement of institution in urban politics studies is challenged by two trends: the empirical urban phenomena "government to governance" as well as the theoretical movement of "institutional turn" in social science.These challenges make the reflection and further theorization of institution necessary.In an attempt to deal with these challenges,this article starts from analyzing the transformation of urban politics,along with its relationship with institutions of political structures and local governments.Then this article tries to introduce the approaches and the evolvement of institutionalism,and the development of its application in urban governance.At last,the paths of re-theorization and some reflections on issues of "institutional turn" are suggested,and an analytical viewpoint is provided in order to integrate the various levels of the theories of urban politics.


This paper describes a streamlined building controls development process using the VOLTTRON platform. The paper introduces a new software agent that enables co-simulation with EnergyPlus and accelerates the development process from concept to commissioning. With this new co-simulation capability in VOLTTRON, building control developers have a method to easily design, test, validate, and deploy building applications on a single platform. The paper describes the implementation of the software agent and concludes with a case-study.


A gob-side entry retaining pasty filler on-line detection method comprises the steps that before each monitored space is ready to be filled, supporting rods are fixed to a base plate of a space to be filled through ground anchors, the upper ends of the supporting rods support a top plate of the space to be filled, measuring optical fibers are arranged between the supporting rods, an optical fiber connector is introduced out of the tail portion of the last supporting rod in each set of supporting rods and is connected in a mining optical cable through optical fibers so that optical fiber monitoring signals can be transmitted to a distributed optical fiber demodulator, demodulated signals are transmitted to a computer system, and pasty filler is monitored in real time on line and is analyzed and processed after the space is filled. The gob-side entry retaining pasty filler on-line detection method has the advantages that equipment installation is easy, the method is suitable for being universally popularized, no power supply is needed under a well, a site is safe, all-optical measurement and optical fiber transmission are adopted, influences caused by electromagnetic interference are effectively avoided, a monitoring result can be provided in time, and the method is favorable for directing on-site filling mining production work.


A built-up circumference array of circular piston sound source was designed to get higher directional sound source.The directivity function of the sound source was derived applying the directive theory of multiplex system.The results indicate that the sound source has directivity at any acoustic frequency and uniform radiation is at far sound field.The directivity characteristic gets stronger when acoustic frequency is higher and the number of pistons is more.The directivity characteristic enhances correspondingly when piston radius increasing while keeping the frequency constant.Compared with the single piston sound source and the built-up rectangle array piston sound source,the sound source has higher directivity characteristic.Tests on circumference underwater projecting transducer which was designed by using six pieces of PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramic chips as piston elements show the validity of the design.The experimantal results have good matching with the theoretical results.


Praise be to Allah. Praise be to Allah, the Free of all wants and needs, the Worthy of all praise; the Owner of the Throne, the All-Glorious. I praise my Lord and thank Him. I turn to Him in repentance and ask Him for forgiveness. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah alone, Who has no partners, the Doer of whatsoever He wills; and I bear witness that our prophet and master, Muhammad, is His servant and messenger, who was granted victory and given the greatest support. O Allah! Bestow Your peace and blessings upon Your servant and messenger Muhammad and upon his family and Companions, who followed the rightly-guided commands.


This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of green therapy on the decision-making power and executive functions of hyperactive children. Materials and methods: This study was conducted as a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population included all 7-9-year-old hyperactive students living in Tehran in the academic year 2021-2022. Based on the objectives of the research, 31 hyperactive children were selected by available sampling method and using Connors test, and they were randomly divided into two experimental groups (15) and control group (16). Then they were evaluated by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test (CANTAB). Parents of experimental group members were trained. Children also received the intervention for 14 sessions of 60 minutes (2 sessions per week), while the control group did not benefit from this intervention during the research process. After completing the treatment sessions, both groups underwent a post-test. After data collection, data analysis was done by statistical analysis of covariance using SPSS21 software package. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the post-test and pre-test scores of the experimental group compared to the control group.


In an effort to better understand processes that control sources of CO2 in the carbon cycle, the U.S. Global Change Research Program [CEES, 1990] identifies imbonate deposition, and burial of organic matter would deplete the CO2 content of the atmosphere in 10,000 years and the atmosphere-ocean system in 500,000 years [Holland, 1978; Berner et al., 1983]. The CO2 content of the atmosphere-ocean system has varied in the past, but not at the rate expected if CO2 were removed and not replenished. It is assumed, therefore, that CO2 de gassing from the Earth's interior restores the deficit from surficial processes and balances the atmospheric CO2 budget on a time scale of 104–106yr. Earlier atmospheric balancing calculations imply present-day (pre-industrial) CO2 degassing rates of 6–7×1012 mol yr−1 [Holland, 1978; Berner et al., 1983]; recent calculations suggest degassing rates may be as high as 11×1012 mol yr−1 [Berner, 1990].


Endomyocardial biopsies are standard of care for transplant surveillance, however the procedural risks are not well established, especially in children. The purpose of the study was therefore to assess procedural risks and outcomes associated with elective (surveillance) biopsies and non‐elective (clinically indicated) biopsies.


In this article, a passivity-based virtual oscillator control strategy with enhanced synchronization stability for grid-forming inverters (GFMs) is proposed. By adopting the port-controlled Hamiltonian system theory for orbital stabilization problems, an energy pumping-and-damping block is proposed to render GFMs globally asymptotically stable with respect to the prespecified solutions of the power-flow equations from any initial condition. This allows for stable integrations of GFMs to any other globally asymptotically stable systems without their explicit knowledge, e.g., helping maintain synchronism with the bulk power system in a wide range of short-circuit-ratio conditions or under large disturbances and keeping synchronism among multiple GFMs in power systems. Both simulations and experiments are presented to demonstrate the proposed control approach.


This study considers the motion responses of multiple adjacent floating bodies in waves. In order to find a solution, a threedimensional Rankine panel method is adopted in the time domain. In order to obtain validation of the developed numerical method, the motions are estimated of two adjacent Series 60 hulls and a ship-barge model. The computational results are compared with other numerical and experimental analyses, and they showed a favorable concurrence. It was also discovered that the distance between ships affects the motion responses of multiple bodies.


Purpose – This article's aim is to provide an annotated bibliographic resource guide for scholars researching Larry Heinemann, an author whose novels are frequently studied in association with Vietnam War literature.Design/methodology/approach – Searches were performed using a variety of bibliographic databases in literature and library science and the world wide web to discover interviews and literary criticism spanning 32 years of Heinemann's career.Findings – Though often controversial, Heinemann's works represent a significant and provocative study in the literature of the Vietnam War. Major themes in the literary criticism and interviews annotated emphasize the vulnerabilities of the working‐class, how returning and traumatized veterans reincorporate into society, American myths' role in fiction, and gendering of enemies.Originality/value – No other annotated bibliography currently exists for those interested in researching or collecting Larry Heinemann's texts.


Eliana's novel emphasizes Islamic moral values and gender equality, where these values are inserted through dialogues and activities carried out by the characters. Starting from the first chapter, Eliana has been depicted as a girl who has an awareness that society treats boys and girls differently solely based on their sex. So she tried to show that her abilities were commensurate with boys deserving of awards. This characteristic is considered strange and unusual for the society in the village. The moral values of Islam contained in Eliana's novels include tauhid, honesty, courage, cooperation, qana'ah, discipline, love, birrul walidain, responsibility, keeping promises, harmony, love of nature, forgiveness and earnest . The value of gender equality in Eliana's novel is seen from three things, namely the views of male and female figures and vice versa, the image of male and female leaders, and the roles of male and female leaders.


AC power is designed as operating power in more and more small sized substations.The principle of operating circuit in DC power can't be used to the breakers with AC operating power.This paper advanced the basic function of operating circuit in AC power,introduced a design of operating circuit in AC power,and declared some new viewpoints about some other designs in use.


The utility model relates to a roofing or siding plate special fixture which consists of a main clamp (10), an auxiliary clamp (20) and a plurality of fastening bolts (30) and is characterized in that the upper part of the main clamp (10) is provided with an open type cylindrical bore structure (11) with the section being C-shaped; the open type cylindrical bore structure (11) is matched with a cylinder axis structure (21) arranged at the upper part of the auxiliary clamp (20) to form a hinge structure; the middle part of the main clamp (10) is provided with a hook-like insection fastening lug (12) which is matched with a corresponding elastic teeth-shaped lug (22) at the middle part of the auxiliary clamp (20) to form a self-locking structure; the tail end side surface (13) of the lug at the middle part of the main clamp (10) and the inner side (23) of the middle part of the auxiliary clamp (20) are extruded and matched for limiting; the C-shaped structure (14) of the lower section of the main clamp (10) is matched with the C-shaped structure (24) of the lower section of the auxiliary clamp (20) to form a clamping structure; and the top end of the main clamp (10) is provided with a supporting plane (16) which is taken as the switch connection platform.


The biomass for energy purposes, coming from agricultural firms and forestry industry for energy, can provide various environmental and socio-economic benefits. Among all renewable energy sources, agro-forestry biomass represents both an important alternative source to fossil fuels and an opportunity for the socio-economic development of various marginal mountain areas. This survey aims at estimating the potential revenue in province of Reggio Calabria, which is showing a great interest in biomass production.  DOI:  http://dx.medra.org/10.19254/LaborEst.15.10


Introduction: There are several forms of successful treatment and prevention for obstruction of the pyelourethral segment in pediatric patients. However, each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Namely, some those widespread surgical techniques frequently associate with different complications and subsequent financial deprivations. Therefore, the optimal method of external trans-anastomotic drainage is still disputable. In this study, we studied the results of pyeloplasty in children using a transanastomotic catheter. Method: In this observational study, which was conducted from 2013 to 2018, we evaluated the outcomes of pyeloplasty in 132 childrenunder 3 years old. For all patients a trans-anastomotic catheter for urinary evacuation was used during the postoperative period. The observation period ranged from 6 months to 3 years (an average of 22±6,8 months). Antegrade pyelography was performed in 119 patients on the 6th day of postoperative period. The average hospital stay was 8.4 days (ranging from 6 to 16 days), most of the patients were discharged from hospital 7 days after surgery. Results: 137 pyeloplasty was performed on 132 patients using a transanastomotic catheter. The observation lasted from 6 months to 3 years. Antegrade pyelography was performed in 119 patients on the 6th day after surgery. Of those 119 pyelograms taken, 108 (91 percent) showed adequate drainage after pyeloplasty. In 11 patients, partial obstruction was revealed, while in 8 (73 percent) children the possibility of the anastomosis returned to normal on its own about within 12 days. The transanastomotic catheter was removed on average 7-8 days after surgery. The average hospital stay was 8.4 days. Conclusion: Urine evacuation with transanastomotic catheter after pyeloplasty in pediatric patients is highly effective and safe. Other comprehensive studies may be required to prove the further upsides of this technique.


The effect of blood plasma components from the donors with active osteogenesis on hemopoietic indices in intact mice have been studied. The indices of peripheral blood erythropoiesis and leukopoiesis in animals have been determined to possess marked negative correlation after being infused into plasma components.


The rigorous development and veri cation of a boiler system speci cation is presented. Part I shows how the boiler system controller can be developed in a series of elaboration steps in which variables that directly re ect plant conditions are replaced by variables representing sensed, communicated values. Part II shows how the safety of the system can be assessed by rst verifying safety relative to some failure assumptions and then estimating the likelihood that the assumptions hold. 1 General Introduction In attempting to demonstrate the safety of the Generic Boiler System, two main problems are faced. First, there are a wide range of possible failures that can occur. For example, the physical devices themselves can fail, sensors can fail, and sensed values can be delayed or lost in transmission. Taking careful account of all possible failures is di cult. A second problem, common to all safety-critical systems, is that absolute safety cannot be shown. One can only hope to demonstrate partial or probable safety. However, estimates of the probability of safety are hard to calculate, and it is hard to know whether one can place much con dence in them. The approach demonstrated here addresses both of these issues. We present a stepwise approach to the development of the boiler monitoring and control system. Initially, we present an idealised controller that observes plant variables directly. Successive steps make weaker assumptions, until nally we arrive at a speci cation in which only sensor values received from the data communications system are observed. At each step, safety of the boiler system is maintained. In this way, failures are treated systematically. The second part of our approach is a separation of the deterministic and probabilistic parts of the safety analysis. Safety is proved of the boiler system absolutely, under certain assumptions that are believed to nearly always hold. Next, the likelihood of these assumptions actually holding is estimated to give an overall probability of safety. Our report has two parts. In Part I, the technique of step-wise elaboration of the boiler controller is demonstrated. In Part II, veri cation of safety and failure properties is shown for a boiler system model developed at a late step of elaboration. We do not present code of the boiler controller, only a speci cation. However, this speci cation is realistic in the sense that device failure and shutdown conditions are determined by values received from the data communication system. Part 1 Step-Wise Derivation of a Boiler System Speci cation Peter Bishop, Adelard, UK


In this article, we study by means of the boundary element method the effect that rotation at constant angular momentum L has on the evolution of a conducting and viscous drop when it holds an amount of charge Q on its surface or is immersed in an external electric field of magnitude E∞ acting in the direction of the rotation axis. This droplet is considered to be contained in another viscous and insulating fluid. Our numerical simulations and stability analysis show that the Rayleigh fissibility ratio χ at which charged drops become unstable decreases with angular momentum. For neutral drops subject to an electric field, the critical value of the field which destabilizes the drop increases with rotation. Concerning equilibrium shapes, approximate spheroids and ellipsoids are obtained and the transition values between these two families of solutions is described. When the drop becomes unstable, a two-lobed structure forms where a pinch-off occurs in finite time or dynamic Taylor cones (in the sense of [Betelú et al., Phys. Fluids. 18 (2006)]) develop, whose semiangle, for small L, remains the same as if there was no rotation in the system.


The paper describes the core competency of listed bank by practical examples in order to explain the strong tendency of the bank listing.It also lets the listed banks learn their situation and status.So the banks should increasingly improve their competency.


An intelligent optimizing algorithm, particle swarm optimizing clonal algorithm (PSOCA) was introduced in this paper, which combined the clonal selection mechanism of the immune system with the evolution equation of particle swarm optimization. It had the ability of global searching. The PSOCA improves the diversity of antibody population and its convergence speed, by using effectively the past information of the antibodies and their cooperation. Based on the PSOCA, a PID controller???PCA-PID???is designed, which can modify its parameters dynamically to adapt time varying control objects. PCA-PID controller is exerted to control AC speed system, then its control performance is compared with that of the other two controllers designed by PSO and clonal selection algorithm respectively. The simulation results show that PCA-PID has better control performance, compared with the other two controllers.


We read this article with interest and applaud the attempt to argue a difficult case; however, we have some concerns about the use of breast augmentation in the argument. First, the discussion centres around the term 'serious dysfunction'. As rightly stated, GMC guidelines propose that treatment priorities should be on the basis of clinical need; therefore, a term such as 'serious dysfunction' has little meaning without clinical context. Second, it is stated that it is considered inappropriate to offer surgery to women suffering distress due to the social stigma attached to small breasts. This is not true. These women are offered surgery on the NHS after thorough evaluation by the surgeon, together with a psychiatrist for the protection of all parties involved. Psychiatric evaluation forms an important part of the decision-making process as it enables the GMC guidelines on clinical need to be adhered to. Third, some of the women who attend requesting breast augmentation do not have 'small' breasts, and therefore the question of social stigma is not raised. It is the patient's perception of body image that requires treatment. Finally, in the conclusion it is stated that: 'I have shown that when considering the priority a treatment should receive, we often begin with assumptions and performed value judgements'. To state that you have 'shown' implies evidenceor research-based practice. In fact, what you have done is to assume that 'we begin with assumptions' and we would suggest that you are, therefore, a victim of you own argument. Correspondence to: Mr BJ Davis, Department of Plastic Surgery, City General Hospital, Prince Road Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 4LN. Tel: 01782 715444


Three-dimensional(3-D) braiding technology using high-performance fibers for advanced composite structures is receiving great attention as a result of the outstanding mechanical and thermoelastic properties of the materials produced. A continuous and automatic 3-D circular braiding machinery system ...


The thesis investigates the directorial practice of Lindsay Anderson in the cinema. This includes a study of his work as a feature film director, documentary filmmaker and film critic. From his formative years as a film critic and documentary filmmaker, Anderson developed a distinctive vision for the role of the director. As the study of his critical writings and personal correspondence will show, his vision translated into a celebration of the concept of artistic integrity, which he located at the level of both the production and reception of the film. In turn, this implied a belief in the integrated nature of the filmmaking process with the director in a central but reactive function. The use of archive material – mostly from the Lindsay Anderson Archive located at Stirling University – will uncover the existence of a tension: the study of the tension will be attached to the conceptualisation of a dialogue that I see as underpinning Anderson's directorial practice in the cinema. It will become apparent for instance, that the practice of diary writing that Anderson maintained for over 50 years, echoed his working relationships with his close collaborators during and after the making of his films. I aim to uncover the sites of convergence as well as of tension between Anderson's films and the context of their production. In order to do so, I have identified three themes which the director's life and career in the cinema suggest: authorship, collaboration and national identity will provide the basis for a study of Anderson's work in relation to their national and cultural context as well as the wider academic context in which his legacy will be assessed.


Social historians study social, political, demographic and economic phenomena which take place in geographical space, yet "space" rarely enters historical discourse explicitly as an analytic construct. Given the recent interest among social historians in "localizing" social processes, it is unfortunate that almost all of our efforts have gone toward recognizing the significance of time, to the relative neglect of space. For example, social historians typically assume that events occurring at a given point in time are affected by earlier events. In contrast, it is less widely recognized that events occurring in one location are also affected by similar events in other areas, especially those nearby. In the rare instances in which geographical space has been central, such as in Susan Watkins' treatment of western European fertility decline during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, or in the evidence of the diffusion of democracy in post-war Europe that is emerging from the "Spatial and Temporal Diffusion of Democracy" project at the University of Colorado — Boulder, the payoff has been substantial. Such innovative approaches to historical theorizing give reason to believe that thinking of events in the past as parts of a process moving through time and across space will become more commonplace. If so, then social historians will need an effective and accessible method to account for the spatial distributions of their study phenomena. Spatial patterning in a dependent variable (e.g. a concentration of events in a few neighboring areas) may not be, in itself, of much interest to social historians. Clearly there is a tendency for nearby, especially contiguous, areal units to share many of the same social, demographic, economic and cultural characteristics. If those characteristics tend to facilitate (or inhibit) the occurrence of the phenomenon, then, left unaccounted for, it is possible that we would infer an unusual spatial concentration of the phenomenon that can be explained easily by the social and economic similarities of adjacent areas. For instance, it is well known that urban crime within cities is


A celebratory collection of fiction, poetry, and essays from "one of the liveliest, best, and most readable of the literary quarterlies this country has ever produced (Anthony Hecht)." Includes numerous early pieces by now established writers such as Louise Erdrich and Raymond Carver as well as works by literary luminaries and prize winners such as Joyce Carol Oates, Seamus Heaney, Richard Eberhart, Maxine Kumin, and Robert Penn Warren among its 64 contributors.


A trigate FinFET with a charge trap gate dielectric is demonstrated for high-speed and long retention memory applications. For a capacitor-less dynamic memory cell, a nitride layer is utilized as a charge storage node and it is directly formed on a silicon channel. In addition, novel gate-stacks allow high-speed and write processes under low voltage WITH remarkably endurable operation of up to 1012 cycles. By virtue of the charge trap operation, stored data is maintained for >104 s at 125°C.


flaccid paralysIS in Cambodia, Vietnam, and ho島, and we isolated 392type 1 and 10type 3 wild polioviruses・ As a result of the extensive immunization during this time in this area, the numbers of poliomyelitis cases by wild polioviruses have drastically decreased. In 1997, only ninetypel wild polioviruses were isolated・ Eight out of the nine cases were found in Cambodia, and one was in mid-Vietnam. Since then no wild poliovimses have been isolated in the Westem Pacific Region for more than two years. A nucleotide sequence analysis of these 1997 isolates indicated that they all belonged to the same strainthat has been prevailing in the Indochina area, suggesting the complete intemption of wild poliovims transmission in the reglOn・


An operating method of a non-volatile memory device is provided to prevent a tunnel oxide layer from being influenced by bird beak effect by positioning the tunnel oxide layer above a charge storage layer on an insulating layer without covering a channel directly. A substrate(101) comprises two source/drain regions which are divided by a channel region. An insulating layer(140) is positioned in the channel region. A charge storage layer(150) is located on the insulating layer. A multi-layer tunnel dielectric structure(160) is positioned on the charge storage layer. A gate(170) is positioned on the multi-layer tunnel dielectric structure.


The marketing mix is one of the important things to increase and develop a unit business. In this conceptual paper attempt, the marketing mix can make a good effect by the customer decides to buy a domestic ticket. In the tourism industry especially the services industry that marketing mix is known as 7P. It includes product, place, price, promotion, people, process and physical evidence. 7p of the Marketing Mix here took place at PT. Total Nusa Indonesia Tour & Travel Agencies in Yogyakarta headquarters. The total respondents are 100 respondents with quantitative analysis of data. Through the overall Uji F is known that the marketing mix significantly influences the decision to buy a plane ticket at PT Total Nusa Indonesia Tour & Travel in Jogjakarta. And the product is the biggest decision to make the decision to buy a plane ticket. This can occur due to variations in domestic flight ticket complete product. Then follow by the other marketing mix component.


In present paper, the performance of ultrathin CIGS solar cell is analyzed with ZnS buffer layers. The ZnS based buffer structure ZnO/ZnS/CIGS/Si is proposed over the existing ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Si. The results show a remarkable improvement in the electrical properties of the solar cell. The proposed structure attains a maximum conversion efficiency of 24.4% at optimum bandgap in comparison to reported maximum efficiency of 21.3%. The effect of operating temperature on efficiency and fill factor are also investigated.


Turbulent eddy motions are produced, and characterized, by inertial-vortex forces. Growth of the energy, or Obukhov, scale L0 is constrained by buoyancy and Coriolis forces at the stratified fossil Ozmidov LR0 and rotational fossil Hopfinger LΩ0 length scales, and constrained at all scales by viscous, buoyancy, and Coriolis forces at sizes proportional to the stratified fossil Kolmogorov LKF and rotational fossil Kolmogorov LKƒ length scales, respectively. Universal constants of proportionality between turbulence wavelengths and these fossil turbulence length scales at their respective buoyant-inertial, Coriolis-inertial, buoyant-inertial-viscous, and Coriolis-inertial-viscous transitions are inferred from available laboratory, numerical, and field studies. It is important to distinguish between turbulence, which entrains, and these nonturbulent, or fossil turbulence, internal waves, Coriolis-inertial eddies, and viscous flow regimes, which are nonlinear remnants of turbulence but do not entrain and have other properties different from turbulence. Hydrodynamic phase diagrams based on the universal constants of transition may be used to classify microstructure and mesostructure as actively turbulent, active-fossil, fossil, or nonturbulent. One advantage of making these distinctions is to avoid undersampling errors from data sets consisting only of fossil turbulence microstructure and mesostructure. This may improve the reliability of dissipation methods used for estimating average heat, mass, and momentum fluxes in the ocean and atmosphere from microstructure and mesostructure data.


In this note, we survey the effect of the number of solutions on solving problems. Theoretically, the number of solutions to a problem cannot help the problem to be easier in the sense of computation. That is, a problem having few solutions may be as easy as the one having many solutions. For the aim of giving some evidences, we show that the Subset sum problem, Knapsack problem and Bounded Integer Programming problem under the assumption that the problem has either no solution or exponentially many solutions are NP-hard. On the other hand, the Knapsack Optimization problem having at most one solution is also NP-hard. For a certain problem, studying its structure is usually the first step in solving it. The more thoroughly we study, the more efficient algorithmwe can hope to obtain. Virtually, some special structures of the problem could lead to an efficient algorithm. However, some others may reveal the hardness of the problem, such as discrete structure, non-linear structure. In this note, we consider the effects of a special structure on solving the given problem, the number of solutions. By intuition, one may believe that a problem having many solutions may be easier to solve than the one having fewer solutions; a problem having unique solution may be harder than the others. 1 However, whether or not the situation remains true in other cases is unclear. Valiant and Vazirani (9) are the first authors considering this question. They gave a strong evidence for the conjecture that solving NP problems is as hard as solving problems with unique solution. Specifically, they showed that if Unique SAT is in P then RP=NP. Another similar result holds for the Unique Shortest Vector problem (5). These results leave an interesting question for researchers: whether solving a problem having unique solution is equivalent to solving an NP problem. In this note, we give another evidence for the affirmative answer. More concretely, we show that Knapsack optimization problem (KOP) is still NP-hard even under the assumption that it has at most one solution.


Kaiser, Jeffrey R., Blair E. Cox, Timothy A. Roy, and Charles R. Rosenfeld. Differential development of umbilical and systemic arteries. I. ANG II receptor subtype expression. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 43): R797–R807, 1998.—In fetal sheep umbilical responses to angiotensin II (ANG II) exceed those by systemic vasculature. Two ANG II receptors (AT) exist, AT1 and AT2, but only AT1 mediates vasoconstriction in adult tissues. Thus differences in reactivity could reflect differences in subtype expression. Using competitive radioligand binding assays, we demonstrated AT1 predominance in umbilical arteries and AT2 in femoral arteries. Steady-state responses to intravenous ANG II (0.229–1.72 μg/min) were studied in 16 fetuses with umbilical and/or femoral artery flow probes without and with local AT1 (L-158,809) or AT2 (PD-123319) blockade. ANG II dose dependently (P , 0.001) increased umbilical resistance more than arterial pressure (MAP) while decreasing umbilical blood flow. Femoral vascular resistance also increased dose dependently (P 5 0.02), but responses were less than umbilical (P 5 0.0001) and paralleled increases in MAP; blood flow was unaffected. Cumulative local doses of L158,809 (125 μg) inhibited all responses (P , 0.001); however, 1,000 μg of the AT2 antagonist had no effect. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was unaltered by local AT1 blockade, whereas PRA doubled (P 5 0.001) after systemic infusion of only 50 μg of the AT1 antagonist and remained elevated. Differences in umbilical and femoral vascular responses to ANG II are in large part due to differences in AT subtype expression. Furthermore, in fetal sheep the ANG II negative feedback on PRA is mediated by AT1 receptors, and it is substantially more sensitive to receptor blockade than the vasculature.


CARS Microscopy is a powerful technique capable of rapid chemically-selective imaging in vivo. In this report, we will show recent work on Frequency Modulated CARS (FM-CARS) to push the sensitivity limit of CARS imaging.


A 40-year-old male presented with itchy small nodules over the thigh, scrotum and pubic area of gradual onset and progressive course of 9 months duration. Histopathologic examination revealed horn filled crater with lip like projection at the side of the crater.


Rice genetics has now provided molecular evidence for three distinct domestications of Asian rice, giving rise to ahu, indica and japonica rice and subsequently involving the multidirectional introgression of favoured alleles between these three families of Oryza sativa cultivars. The phylogeography of Asian wild and cultivated rice species also permits inferences with regard to the likely geographical range within which these three domestication processes involving Asian cultivated rice unfolded. Evidence from linguistic palaeontology permits the identification of two language families whose linguistic ancestors pose the likeliest candidates for the earliest rice domesticators, Austroasiatic and HmongMien. The linguistic arguments and population genetic evidence on Asian rice are assessed. Recent advances in palaeobotany as well as a number of currently prevalent misunderstandings in rice archaeology are discussed. Another set of evidence from linguistic palaeontology involving reconstructible etyma denoting megafauna in light of the early Holocene distribution of these megafaunal species provides a geographical indication for the location of the early Austroasiatic homeland. Furthermore, the molecular genetics of human populations are discussed in order to shed light on the prehistory and geography of the Austroasiatic, Hmong-Mien and other language families. Finally, a synthesis of the disparate sets of evidence is presented.


The development of green agriculture is the economic development strategy to achieve an effective way.The development of green agriculture is an effective solution to the problem of agricultural development,to ensure that our agriculture sustainable,stable and harmonious development of the inevitable choice.This paper describes the content and development of green agriculture significance of green agriculture,green agriculture at this stage of the development process of existing barriers and obstacles for a series of measures put forward.More effective mitigation for the agriculture development faces environmental and technological constraints of resources and achieves sustainable agricultural development and effective solution to the "three rural" issue with the guide.


High speed optical communication is one of the research hotspot in optical communication field at present. A novel super-orthogonal modulation method based on quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and frequency shift key (FSK) is proposed for high speed optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. The coding-modulation and demodulation-decoding scheme is designed. The principle and transmission performance of optical OFDM system with proposed super-orthogonal modulation method is simulated and analyzed. The research result will lay the foundation of optical communication realizing with high speed, large capacity and high efficiency transmission.


The behavior of reactive systems can be rigorously specified and verified via mathematical notation, such as temporal logic. However, for all but the simplest models, it is difficult for the reader to understand the intent of the model, and, for that matter, may be difficult for the model designer to accurately specify the desired behavior. Visual or "iconic" models have addressed this difficulty. Modeling tools typically include a mock-user interface builder and a graphical behavioral specifier, typically in the form of a Statechart editor (typical examples of such tools are Mathworks, Rapid, Statemate and Rhapsody). Statecharts solved the problem of combinatorial state explosion via encapsulation of OR and AND states. However, in order to minimize the corresponding transition explosion, Statecharts freely use global (i.e., global with respect to the Statechart) events and transitions that transcend state hierarchical boundaries. The paradoxical utilization and violation of encapsulation makes it difficult to apprehend the intent of even relatively simple Statecharts. We expound a pattern-based cognitive approach to this problem.