Surfactants of the petroleum sulfonate have been synthesized from C/sub 19/, C/sub 22/ and C/sub 26/ feedstocks and evaluated in core tests for their ability to enhance oil recovery. All three feedstocks are composed predominantly of saturated paraffinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons. The C/sub 19/ feedstock includes about 12% aromatics. The hydrocarbons have been vapor phase oxidized at low temperature to provide cyclic ethers which have subsequently been sulfonated to form a product mixture of mono-, di-, and tri-sulfonates. Micellar slugs of low sulfonate concentrations as well as microemulsion of high sulfonate concentrations have been formulated based on the C/sub 19/, C/sub 22/ and C/sub 26/ sulfonates. The low concentration micellar solutions reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to 2 X 10/sup -2/, 6 X 10/sup -4/, 1 X 10/sup -3/ dyne/cm for C/sub 19/, C/sub 22/ and C/sub 26/ sulfonates, respectively.


The representation and embodiment of Malay identity are certainly complex. How we know ourselves and how we have selected that knowledge determine the facts accumulated about us. What do the Malays make out of media? One assumption says that the Malays are averse to print and more attuned to orality and aurality. There is nevertheless also the category of baca, membaca and cerita which may not fit within the understanding of the European mind. Locating the categories of communication and media in the contexts of meaning, culture and thought may illustrate that the Malays do not share EuroAmerican presuppositions; at the same time, however, efforts to localise and indigenise the minda, concepts and practices only reattach them to the matrix of globalised modernity. Who represents what? Who represents media to Malay thought? What is being represented and at what levels?


Writing is a crucial skill and tertiary education students face difficulties in academic writing.  This paper aimed to identify the setbacks or difficulties and the solutions to the setbacks experienced by the Indonesian tertiary education students in academic writing. A survey was used as the method of this study. The data were collected through a questionnaire using a Google form distributed to 26 fifth-semester students taking the Academic Writing course in the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, for the academic year 2019/2020. The survey results showed that, in general, the students faced setbacks in, for example, parts of speech, tenses, spelling, prepositions, vocabulary, punctuation, cohesion, discourse markers, writing paragraphs with a clear focus, constructing clear and coherent academic essays, paraphrasing, in-text referencing, and compiling a correct reference list. Concerning academic writing solutions, the results showed that lecturers should be trained and equipped with various writing strategies, feedback on the strengths and weaknesses was vital, and the students needed to improve their organization of ideas, for example. Other solutions were better language skills, language elements, critical thinking skills, paraphrasing, and referencing. Implications of the findings are that students and lecturers would understand and identify common setbacks in academic writing and have opportunities to adopt the suggested solutions to academic writing difficulties.


Malignant phyllodes tumour is an uncommon breast neoplasm which undergoes osteosarcomatous differentiation in 1.3% of cases. We document the plain film, CT and scintigraphic features of a case of pulmonary metastases from this rare primary tumour.


Fabio has challenged Mustafa to a Duel, to see who is a better Old Spice guy. And Mustafa of course, excepts it. It's called Mano a Mano in El Bano ! So it was indeed a "get the fans to demand the return of a classic" strategy but done in a creative, exciting way. Not…


POETRY AND POPULAR PROTEST: PETERLOO, CATO STREET AND THE QUEEN CAROLINE CONTROVERSY. By John Gardner. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Pp. 272. ISBN 978 0 230 28071 1. £50.00.In this extensive and engaging study, John Gardner makes the case for considering the events of 1819 to 1821 as a distinct historical moment characterised by an inextricable connection between a trilogy of political protests and an increasingly de-hierarchised literary culture. The Peterloo Massacre, the Cato Street Conspiracy, and the Queen Caroline Affair are considered as great moments of revolutionary potential and part of one attempt to gain representation and universal suffrage: a failed peaceful protest, a crushed rebellion, and the unlikely patronage of a public figure to help bring about reform. Poetry, with its potential for cheap broadside publication and capacity for subtlety and memory, becomes the chief battleground upon which radicals and anti-radicals vie with each other to produce the 'defining literary responses to events which seemed to have the greatest political potential'. In this brief but fevered period, cultural boundaries are threatened and 'the gulf that separated "high" literature from the literature of the streets shrank, and even, at times disappeared'. Gardner's study is the first to focus exclusively on this trio of events. Although a study of such a narrow timeframe may appear risky, it provides a wealth of material and modes of cultural production for historical scrutiny. Gardner makes a highly convincing case for this three year period as a unique pressure point in nineteenth-century print culture. Narrowing his study on poetry that responds to three key political events gives Gardner the opportunity to get to the very core of a complex intermeshed network of poets, publishers, and pamphleteers. He makes insightful and fascinating connections across a spectrum of canonical and non-canonical writers, such as Shelley, Bamford, Byron and Hone. The obscurity of some of the texts demands a reasonable amount of explanation and description, always balanced by extensive analysis. Gardner draws out the complex and specific contemporary allusions of texts such as Hone's The Political House that Jack Built, and thus illuminates the revolutionary potential of his choice of form and illustration. The approach also yields fresh readings of well-known poems alongside anonymous squibs and pirated editions. Gardner not only dispels the myth of the isolated 'Romantic' poet writing enclosed from the public world, but also proves the democratic potential of poetry as 'perhaps the most effective cross-class disseminator of ideas'.The first and longest section deals with the Peterloo Massacre of 1819, and the various literary attempts to record the violence of yeomanry cavalry against a crowd of over 60,000 peaceful protestors on St. Peter's Fields in Manchester. Gardner identifies Samuel Bamford as one poet who was present at the event, but who later exercised self-censorship over his inflammatory verse, at the height of Chartism. Yet despite Bamford's constant revising and retelling of Peterloo throughout his writing career until his death in 1872, it is Hone's pioneering squibs that enshrine Peterloo as a mythic event in radical culture. Gardner subjects the nuances of Hone's squibs to extensive analysis. His definition of 'poetry' becomes more capacious as a result - Hone's nursery-rhyme style verse relies upon satirical Cruikshank illustrations to great effect, and images are examined as closely as text in this book. One of the more overlooked of Hone's works which finds standing in Gardner's book is Don Juan, Canto the Third!, 114 pirated stanzas of ottava rima that picks up where Byron's previous two cantos leftoff. Don Juan travels to England to become a 'News Retailer', publishing 'Rubbishes on Reform' and later a newspaper titled 'The Devilled Biscuit' for which he is arrested and tried on suspicion of treason after Peterloo. …


Objective. Government expenditure on and the number of aged care facilities in Australia have increased consistently since 1995. As a result, a range of aged care policy changes have been implemented. Data on demographics and utilisation are important in determining the effects of policy on residential aged care services. Yet, there are surprisingly few statistical summaries in the peer-reviewed literature on the profile of Australian aged care residents or trends in service utilisation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterise the demographic profile and utilisation of a large cohort of residential aged care residents, including trends over a 3-year period. Methods. We collected 3 years of data (2011–14) from 77 residential aged care facilities and assessed trends and differences across five demographic and three service utilisation variables. Results. The median age at admission over the 3-year period remained constant at 86 years. There were statistically significant decreases in separations to home (z= 2.62, P = 0.009) and a 1.35% increase in low care admissions. Widowed femalesmade up themajority (44.75%) of permanent residents, were the oldest and had the longest lengths of stay.One-third of permanent residents had resided in aged care for 3 years or longer. Approximately 30% of residents were not born in Australia. Aboriginal residents made up less than 1% of the studied population, were younger and had shorter stays than non-Aboriginal residents. Conclusion. The analyses revealed a clear demographic profile and consistent pattern of utilisation of aged care facilities. There have been several changes in aged care policy over the decades. The analyses outlined herein illustrate how community, health services and public health data can be used to inform policy, monitor progress and assess whether intended policy has had the desired effects on aged care services. What is known about the topic? Characterisation of permanent residents and their utilisation of residential aged care facilities is poorly described in the peer-reviewed literature. Further, publicly available government reports are incomplete or characterised using incomplete methods. What does this paper add? The analyses in the present study revealed a clear demographic profile and consistent pattern of utilisation of aged care facilities. The most significant finding of the study is that one-third of permanent residents Journal compilation AHHA 2017 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND www.publish.csiro.au/journals/ahr CSIRO PUBLISHING Australian Health Review, 2017, 41, 613–620 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AH16125 HEALTH SERVICE RESEARCH


This wide-ranging resource uses evidence-based documentation to examine claims and beliefs—and provide the facts—about sexual assault and harassment and other forms of sexual violence in the United States.
 Each title in the Contemporary Debates series examines the veracity of controversial claims or beliefs surrounding a major political/cultural issue in the United States. They do so to give readers a clear and unbiased understanding of current issues by informing them about falsehoods, half-truths, and misconceptions—and confirming the factual validity of other assertions—that have gained traction in America's political and cultural discourse. Ultimately, this series has been crafted to give readers the tools for a fuller understanding of issues, events, policies, and laws that occupy center stage in American life and politics.
 This volume in the series addresses the issue of sexual violence in the U.S. It includes chapters devoted to quantifying the extent of the problems of sexual assault and harassment; demographic groups most likely to experience sexual violence; physical, emotional, and societal impacts of sexual assault; how investigations of sex-related charges are conducted; laws and policies pertaining to both victims and offenders; and sexual violence prevention and response services outside of the criminal justice system."


The platforms and gateways that compose the Airborne Network (AN) exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity, with a variety of IP and non-IP data links hosted on various terminals produced by multiple manufacturers. The lack of an accepted, mature network management architecture for the AN contributes to the risk that there will be a proliferation of separate, stovepiped tools deployed to monitor and configure each component. This level of management complexity, when applied to a complex underlying network environment, will be unacceptable for the operators that must control the AN enterprise.


Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve is one of the three breeding place of Saunders's Gull in China.In this study,continuous observation was carried out since 1998;using direct count method and line transect method.The results showed that Saunders's Gull's habitats were tidal flat and estuary region.They usually bred in low depression or intertidal zone during late April and middle July.The number of Saunders's Gull ranged among 1254 to 4012,indicating the increasing trend.In order to protect Saunders's Gull,more measures should be taken into account,such as innovating study method,improving breeding habitat,developing ground-detecting and helping measures,and publicizing birds'protection knowledge.


Abstract The importance of Soya bean as a more affordable source of protein than animal sources and its health benefits cannot be over-emphasized. This study assessed the consistency in utilizing Soya bean products and factors related to discontinuity in utilization by farmers in Abia State, Nigeria. Data were generated with a 38-item interview schedule administered on a sample of 135 farmers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical method. Data analysis revealed that more than 70 percent of farmers have adopted a soya bean product in the past. Soya flour, soya milk, soya moinmoin, soya akamu and soya akara have the longest history of adoption while soya candies, soya meat, soya vegetable soup and soya snacks are relatively new to most farmers. Less than 60 percent of farmers remained consistent while others discontinued utilization. The major reasons offered for discontinuity include ignorance of health benefits of soya bean products and lack of time to prepare it. It was recommended that Extension Agents vigorously disseminate information about the health benefits and simple technologies for processing Soya bean at the farmers' home and at the village level.


A novel approach using artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed to identify the faulty elements present in a non uniform linear array. The input to the neural network is amplitude of radiation pattern and output of neural network is the location of faulty elements. In this work, ANN is implemented with two algorithms; radial basis function neural network (RBF) and probabilistic neural network and their performance is compared. The network is trained with some of the possible faulty radiation patterns and tested with various measurement errors. It is proved that the method gives a high success rate.


The authors compare climate model simulations and observations at different spatial and temporal resolutions with respect to extreme precipitation (rainfall) statistics. Further, (Delta Change) climate factors are calculated and compared for different model resolutions. The topic is interesting and relevant, the material/methods/results are overall accurate as far as I can judge and overall the study should be worth publishing. However, I am not completely satisfied with the presentation and I also have some doubts about the experimental set-up as well as the interpretation of the results; a major revision is recommended.


Chinese culture is a kind of near "optimistic" culture and Chinese literary works mostly lack a western tragic spirit.There are successful and failed factors in the characterization of White Deer Prairie,but due to the lack of literary fate feelings,it presents some artistic weightlessness and failure.


In recent years the South Asian region has emerged as the fastest growing region in the world. However, intraregional trade has lagged behind the region's deepening engagement in global trade with the effects of geopolitics and a legacy of mistrust leaving a mark on integration efforts. The current study focuses on SAARC economies to examine the impact of trade agreements on the basis of data for fifteen years i.e. from 2000 to 2015. The emphasis is on understanding the level of intraregional trade, issues, and challenges of the region and in conclusion, policy measures have been suggested to improve the integration of the region.


The objective of the thesis is to study the Sri Lankan negotiation process during 2000-2006 sponsored by the Norwegian facilitation and further to analyse the major constraints hin-dering a final s ...


In dealing with the randomness and fuzzy of regional tourism,combined with tourism planning practice,and using qualitative analysis and quantitative comparison method,a comprehensive analysis of factors affecting the regional tourism context was made,the evaluation index system was constructed.Using the fuzzy multi-level synthesis evaluation method,the potential of tourism resources were assessed.In this paper,development potentiality of tourism resourced on chicken Mountain National Forest Park inlongancity was assessed,the development of tourism resources for the city provide a scientific reference,and the basic concept of the development of tourism in the city was made.


Mental Capacity Assessments have become central to adult social work, as evidenced by the centrality of the issue in reports from the chief adult social worker (Romeo 2017) and in the amount of resources being dedicated to the task. Such assessments are carried out frequently by social workers. In the specialist area of Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DOLS) capacity assessments are central and conducting the necessary assessments which are required by these regulations has become a very important and burdensome task for the health and social care system, currently costing over £1 billion per year (Law Commission Impact Assessment 2015).
This paper will present findings from interviews with Best Interests Assessors, DOLS signatories in local authorities, and Mental Health Assessors, about the factors that influence their judgements about mental capacity, based on four brief vignettes presented to them shortly before interview.
We suggest that much of the guidance around the Mental Capacity Act is focussed on a legalistic and procedural approach which suggests that better adherence to existing guidance will lead to the desired outcomes. We will argue that this overlooks the finding from our interviews that normative elements significantly influence judgements about mental capacity and that there needs to be more acknowledgement that values and norms do and should play a part in these deliberations. In that sense a foregrounding of social work values is appropriate and may help practitioners to make sense of what they need to be doing when approaching capacity assessments.

The findings will have relevance to all involved in the DOLS process, but also to social workers and other health and social care staff, who are routinely involved in mental capacity assessments more generally
This paper has particular relevance to the following grand challenged being highlighted at the JUSWEC event.

1.How can social workers support successful ageing and productive longevity? The majority of those who are assessed as lacking the capacity to safely make autonomous decisions are older people with dementia. We will argue that there needs to be more emphasis on the elements of the MCA which refer to supported decision making and methods of maximising autonomy, rather than a simply procedural approach or the paternalistic approach which has continued in much practice according to national reports (House of Lords 2014). This will allow individuals to age with more dignity and autonomy.

References

House of Lords (2014) Mental Capacity Act 2005: post-legislative scrutiny. London.The Stationery Office.

The Law Commission (2015) Mental Capacity and Detention. Impact Assessment 2015. London.The Law Commission.
Romeo,L. (2017) Interim Report by the Chief Social Worker for Adults London Department of Health


To elucidate the role of Moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in otitis media with effusion (OME), the effects of LOS on adhesion antigens of human monocytes were investigated. M. catarrhalis LOS selectively enhanced intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1 or CD54) expression on human monocytes by significantly increasing both the surface expression intensity and the percentage of ICAM‐1+ cells. ICAM‐1 upregulation on human monocytes by the LOS required surface CD14, TLR4, NF‐κB p65 and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) activity. Our study also revealed that the LOS‐induced surface ICAM‐1 expression was partially mediated through a TNF‐α dependent autocrine mechanism and could be further augmented by lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein in serum. In addition, M. catarrhalis LOS also stimulated human monocytes to produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines in both TLR4‐ and CD14‐dependent pathways. Our results also indicated that enhanced surface ICAM‐1 expression on monocytes may hinder their adherence to the lung epithelial monolayer. Furthermore, the LOS‐activated human monocytes secreted a significantly high level of IL‐8, and could stimulate adjacent naïve monocytes to produce TNF‐α which was partially mediated via membrane ICAM‐1 and IL‐8/IL‐8RA. These results suggest that M. catarrhalis LOS could induce excessive middle ear inflammation through a cellular cross‐talk mechanism during OME.


Objective To study the effectiveness of iodoform paste and Vitapex paste in apexification of young permanent teeth.Methods Fourty-seven young permanent teeth with acute/chronic pulpitis and apical peridontitis without previous treatment were selected.After access to the root canals and complete removal of the pulp,canal preparation was then carried out.The 47 young permanent teeth were assigned to either of two apexification groups: group A(n=25) with iodoform paste or group B(n=22) with Vitapex paste.All cases were reviewed up to 24 months.Results The use of iodform paste for apexification is successful in 64.0% of group A,and Vitapex paste in 81.8% of group B.Conclusion Vitapex paste has better effectivenes for apexification in young permanent teeth.


Objective To seek a protocol for application of kanamycin (Km), carbenicillin (Carb) and cefotaxine (Cef) in tomato vaccine against tuberculosis. Methods The sensitivity of untransformed tomato cotyledons to kanamycin and carbencillin was tested, the sensitivity of untransformed shoots to carbencillin and cefotaxine was tested. Transformed cotyledons were screened by 10.0mg/L kanamycin for regenerated shoots resistant to kanamycin, the roots was again screened by kanamycin. Results Regeneration of cotyledons were inhibited by kanamycin. The number of days of recovery of cotyledons and budding were increased, while the number of shoots reduced along with the increase of concentration of kanamycin. Regeneration of cotyledons were inhibited completely when the concentration of kanamycin reached 10.0mg/L. 30% cotyledons regenerated callis, and 13% regenerated shoots if 10.0mg/L kanamycin was used to screen transformed cotyledons. A few shoots grew roots when the shoots were screened by 10.0mg/L kanamycin and the days of growing roots were increased and the number of roots reduced. Two months were needed by two steps of the screening. The concentrations of 0~500.0mg/L carbenicillin did not affect the regeneration of cotyledons. 500.0mg/L carbenicillin promoted the generation of roots, but the roots were short and thick. While roots were long and thin under the concentration of 500.0mg/L cefotaxine. Conclusion The appropriated screening concentration of kanamycin is 10.0mg/L. 500.0mg/L of carbenicillin be used during bud differentiating stage, while 500.0mg/L cefotaxin during root-inducing stage. The method of two-step screening of daughter leaf (calli) and roots were sensitive and rapid, which reduced screening time.


Nine per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including six perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and three perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs), were tested to find their adsorption selectivity from surface water and the feasibility of the powder activated carbon (PAC) process between the perchlorination and coagulation processes by operating parameters such as mixing intensity, dosage, contact time, initial pH, and concentration of perchlorination. The removal efficiency of four types of PAC revealed that the coal-based activated carbon was clearly advanced for all of the PFASs, and the thermal regenerated PAC did not exhibit a significant reduction in adsorption capacity. The longer carbon chain or the higher molecular weight (MW) obtained a higher adsorption capacity and the MW exhibited a more proportional relationship with the removal efficiency than the carbon chain number, regardless of the PFCA and PFSA species. Approximately 80% and 90% equilibria were accomplished within 60 and 120 min for the long chain carbon PFAS, respectively, while for the short chain PFAS, 240 min was required to reach 85% equilibrium. The effect of mixing intensity (rpm) was not considered for the removal of the PFAS, although it was relatively influenced in the short PFAS species. Due to the surface charge of the PAC and the properties of protonation of the PFASs, the acid condition increased the PFASs' adsorption capacity. The prechlorination decreased the removal efficiency, and the reduction rate was more significantly influenced for the short chain PFAS than for the long chain PFAS.


Core competition has an advantage that a lot of Chinese enterprises and enterprisers think highly of. Among so many components of modern enterprises, both honesty and service are essential to insurance enterprises' core competition. Therefore, insurance enterprises must pay attention to honesty and service and try to cope with the relationship between them.


Objective: To study the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VECF)in oral malignant melanoma and its relation to angiogenesis. Methods: Oral malignant melanoma tissue specimens were obtained from 11 patients undergone operation. by the use of immunohistochemisry technique, the expressions of iNOS, eNOS and VEGF were studied. Microvessel density(MVD) was counted by endothelial cell immunostained by anti-FⅧRAg antibodies. Results: ①Positive VEGF and iNOS and eNOS immunostaining were detected in 7(63.64%), 6(54.55%)and 9(81.82%)patients with oral malignant melanoma respectively. ②Expression of VEGF showed a significant positive relation to iNOS. but not to eNOS.③Cancer MVD were positively correlated with expression of VEGF and iNOS,but not that of eNOS. ④Expression of iNOS, eNOS and VEGF was heterogeneous. Conclusion: INOS plays a positive role in oral malignant melanoma development and INOS and VEGF angiogenesis of oral malignant melanoma.


The interval property of Visual Basic 6.0 internal timer widget can be used to as a timing function by adjusting the time interval between two triggered timer events.Due to system hardware limitations and the intrinsic weakness of the widget,its performance is severely undermined by issues such as large errors and limited time intervals.The timing precision is about 5%.In order to solve these problems,the authors have developed a method to achieve more precise and arbitrary-integer-second-time-interval timing by utilizing an algorithm that actively checks and compares the system time and constantly corrects the error to prevent the accumulation of it.The experimental results show that this method can eliminate the inherent error and improve the accuracy of timer widget in triggering a certain event within any given time interval.


In this study, seven species belonging to the subfamily Staphylininae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) collected from Central Anatolian Region of Turkey are examined. Among them, Philonthus danicus Coiffait, 1963, P. sanguinolentus (Gravenhorst, 1802) and Tasgius minax (Mulsant and Rey, 1861) are recorded from Turkey for the first time. The first detailed localities of previously reported species Philonthus frigidus Markel and Kiesenwetter, 1848 and Rabigus pullus (Nordmann, 1837) are given. Also the distribution of Erichsonius cinerascens (Gravenhorst, 1802) and Xantholinus (s. str.) linearis linearis Olivier, 1795 in Turkey is confirmed.


The 4πβ–γ coincidence method for the absolute determination of nuclear disintegration rates has for decades been successfully applied to a variety of radionuclides, via the use of suites of dedicated analogue electronic modules. The high cost of procurement and maintenance of such systems, as well as the requirement for highly experienced technicians to perform the data collection have prompted the design of more flexible data collection techniques. Recent advances in digital signal acquisition technology have facilitated the possibility of storing pulse information from multiple detector systems along with a time stamp for each recorded event, allowing various radionuclide standardization techniques (based on the concept of 4πβ–γ coincidence counting) to be implemented 'offline' via the use of dedicated software routines. This brief paper reviews the progress in the development of such 'digital coincidence counting' systems used in the field of radionuclide metrology and may be viewed as a companion article to other papers (in this issue) on primary methods for radionuclide standardization.


This month, we focus on the wonderful, colourful and worldwide celebration of Chinese New Year, which is an important time for families and for fresh starts, settling of debts, food and festivities.


Adult type fibrosarcoma is very rare malignant soft tissue tumor. It usually arises in soft tissues of extremities, trunk, head and neck. Fibrosarcoma is essentially a diagnosis of exclusion from other spindle cell mesenchymal malignant neoplasm; by definition negative for epithelial, myogenous and neural markers on immunohistochemistry. To the best of our knowledge, very few cases have been reported in the literature. We here report a case of giant fibrosarcoma arising from anterior abdominal wall in a recurrent dermatofibrosarcoma proturbens and managed with surgical excision and reconstruction with meshplasty.


Systemic sclerosis (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis and vascular abnormalities. Studies have shown that renal impairment is increased in SS, but this fact is neglected during diagnostic evaluation [1]. As a control group, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were selected because the renal involvement was as high as 9% although the kidneys were not the target organs in the disease [2]. Comparation of renal function (RF) between patients with SS and RA have not yet been described.The main goal was to detect correlation between clinical features and renal impairment in SS and to compare the renal impairment in patients with SS to patients with RA.The 30 patients diagnosed with SS were included in the study. The demographics, modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), EUSTAR DAI, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and immunology parameters were collected. Evaluation of RF was done by using: serum creatinine (SC), creatinine clearance (CC), proteinuria from 24h urine specimen and renal parenchym thickness (RPT) with abdominal ultrasound. To compare the renal impairment, the 30 patients diagnosed with RA without history of glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension or urinary tract infection were enrolled as a control group.The 86.7% patients were female, mean age was 57.07±10.41 and mean disease duration was 73.6±68.73 months. Raynaud phenomen had 93.3% patients, digital ulcers (DU) 43.3% and the mean of mRSS was 21.43±9.5. Antinuclear antibodies had 83.3% patients, 46.7% had anti-Scl-70 antibodies and 43.3% had anticentromere B antibodies. The mean of EUSTAR DAI was 4.85±2.56 and DLCO 60.57±16.60. Regarding RF, the mean value of SC was 70.67µmol/l, CC 83.08 ml/min, proteinuria 0.17 g/l and RPT was reduced in 46.7% patients. We correlated clinical features with RF parameters in patients with SS. Significantly reduced RPT was observed in patients with higher mRSS (p=0.035) and in patents with DU (p=0.05). No association was observed between RF and other clinical features. Our results showed significant difference in all RF parameters, between patient and control group. SC (p=0.004) and proteinuria (p=0.03) were significantly higher in SS compared with RA. CC was significantly higher in RA than in patients with SS (p=0.005). RPT was significantly reduced (p=0.000) in SS compared to patients with RA. The results are displayed in Table 1.Table 1.RF parameters in SS and RA groupSSRApGender F (%)26 (86.7)27 (90)/Age57.07±10.4150.07 ± 10.31/Serum creatinine70.67 ± 17.7759.87 ± 8.250.040Creatinine clearance83.08 ± 26.1699.49 ± 16.590.005Proteins/24h urine0.17 ± 0.190.09 ± 0.050.030Parenchymal thickness (%)14 (46.7)1 (3.3%)0.000RF-renal function; SS-systemic sclerosis; RA-rheumatoid arthritisPresence of DU and high values of mRSS can be asocciated with renal damage and that indicates the need for evaluation of the RF. The renal impairment in our study was more significant in patients with SS than in those with RA. More studies are necessary to establish this correlation.[1]Gigante A, Barbano B, Gasperini ML, Zingaretti V, Cianci R, Rosato E. Renal Parenchymal Thickness in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis Is Related to Intrarenal Hemodynamic Variables and Raynaud Renal Phenomenon.The Journal of Rheumatology.2020;47:4[2]Hickson LJ, Crowson CS, Gabriel SE, McCarthy JT, Matteson EL. Development of reduced kidney function in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Kidney Dis.2014;63(2):206–13NIL.None Declared.


Purpose Aging is the primary risk factor for cognitive decline. Serum klotho, as an anti-aging protein, may be involved in cognitive decline. Thus, we aim to explorer the correlation between serum klotho and cognitive performance among an older adult population in the United States. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study using data from NHANES 2011–2014. Serum klotho was analyzed by ELISA. Cognitive function was measured by Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) test, Animal Fluency test and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) score. The relationship between serum klotho and cognition was analyzed by a multivariable regression model. Results A total of 2,171 participants aged 60–79 years were included. Median serum klotho concentration was 851.52 pg./ml (SD = 294.07). We also categorized serum klotho concentrates into quartiles. After fully adjusting pertinent variables, compared to those with lowest klotho levels (206.3–658.4 pg./ml), individuals with highest klotho concentrates (983.3–3,456 pg./ml) had a higher CERAD score [β (95%CI): 0.97 (0.25, 1.69) p = 0.008] and DSST score [β (95%CI): 1.86 (0.25, 3.47), p = 0.024]. Conclusion Our findings indicated that, among the general population of American older adults, serum klotho concentrates may serve as a marker of cognitive health. The benefits of klotho on aging process and neurodegenerative disorders should be paid more attention.


All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing students with a stand-alone resource. The EU develops policy through regulations, directives, and decisions. Any developed legal system must have a mechanism for testing the legality of such measures. This chapter focuses on access to justice and review of legality by the EU Courts. There are a number of ways in which EU norms can be challenged, but the principal Treaty provision is Article 263 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (ex Article 230 EC). Five conditions must be satisfied before an act can successfully be challenged: (i) the relevant body must be amenable to judicial review; (ii) the act has to be of a kind that is open to challenge; (iii) the institution or person making the challenge must have standing to do so; (iv) there must be illegality of a type mentioned in Article 263(2); and (v) the challenge must be brought within the time limit indicated in Article 263(6). The UK version contains a further section analysing the relevance of legal challenge to EU norms in relation to the UK post-Brexit.


The facial expression generation is one of the important issues of intelligent human-machine interface. It is of great challenge due to the complexity and mutability of the human face. Image-based facial expression generation techniques inherit naturally some features of images which are beneficial to reduce complexity and improve realism of expression generation and have interested more and more researchers. The paper makes a classification of published researches, and discusses the features and shortcomings of typical algorithms. It provides some useful information and gives a reference to related works.


This paper aims to investigate the trend of population and suggest how to maintain the optimum population in rural areas. Their efforts and policy to maintain current population in rural areas in Japan, U.S., and European countries were scrutinized in order to obtain the policy implications for Korea.


Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is an important
thermosetting elastomer for microfluidic devices because it can
replicate nano-scale features and form flexible membranes useful
for microactuation. PDMS is used extensively in research
environments because it is readily available and biocompatible.
However, the prototyping process is too slow for volume
manufacturing. The dominant rate limiting step is curing, and high
temperature cures used to speed the curing process have adverse
effects on the shape of the parts produced. This thesis examines
the PDMS cure process and presents a methodology to intelligently
design faster cure processes without compromising the quality of
parts produced. The first part of this thesis applies statistical
mechanics to relate the time evolution of cure with the modulus of
elasticity. This enables mechanical testing strategies to be used
in situ to monitor the extent of cure, which is important to
determine the critical gel point and quantify when the cure process
is complete. The gel point describes when PDMS first transitions
from a liquid to a solid, and is important for modeling shrinkage
and warpage. A novel heated microindentation setup is designed to
monitor curing of thin PDMS films, and experimentally validate the
theory. The second part of this thesis presents a model for final
PDMS shrinkage and warpage using the gel point. Gelation is
spatially and temporally distributed, and temperature at the gel
point has a direct impact on the shrinkage and warpage observed.
The model is validated with experimental data. Since gel
temperature is the only parameter to affect shrinkage and
curvature, the cure process is accelerated after the gel point
without affecting dimensional quality. Increasing the process
temperature immediately following gelation is indeed shown to
decrease the current cure process time by a factor of five, while
maintaining comparable quality. Tolerances on shrinkage and
curvature can be used with these models to determine the gel
temperatures required, and design multi-temperature processes that
speed the cure process.


Hybrid transmission for vehicles allow both the coupling of internal combustion engines and electric motors as traction motors. Vehicles with such hybrid transmissions can operate normally both purely electric, purely combustion motor and as a hybrid. It is proposed a transmission arrangement 1 for a vehicle have been proposed with two planetary gear portions 5, 6, are arranged coaxially to each other.


An all-optical sampling-based Q-factor monitor applicable to multi-bitrated and formatted signals was successfully demonstrated in a network testbed. Quality of GMPLS lightpaths could be diagnosed correlating the actually measured BER.


Distribution Statement "A" (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited) Abstract—Incident response teams that are charged with breach discovery and containment face several challenges, the most important of which is access to pertinent data. Our TAPIO (Targeted Attack Premonition using Integrated Operational data) tool is designed to solve this problem by automatically extracting data from across the enterprise into a fully linked semantic graph and making it accessible in real time. Automated data translation reduces the costs to deploy and extend the system, while presenting data as a linked graph gives analysts a powerful tool for rapidly exploring the causes and effects of a particular event. At the heart of this tool is a cyber security ontology that is specially constructed to enable the TAPIO tool to automatically ingest data from a wide range of data sources, and which provides semantic relationships across the landscape of an enterprise network. In this paper we present this ontology, describe some of the decisions made during its development, and outline how it enables automated mapping technologies of the TAPIO system.


It is shown that some classes of cyclically 5-edge-connected cubic planar graphs with only one type of face besides pentagons contain non-Hamiltonian members and have shortness coefficients less than unity.


The development and time evolution of a transport barrier in a magnetically confined plasma with nonmonotonic, nonlinear dependence of the anomalous flux on mean gradients is analyzed in the context of a one-field model. Upon consideration of both the spatial inhomogeneity and the gradient nonlinearity of the transport coefficient, it is shown that the transition develops as a bifurcation front with radially propagating discontinuity in the local gradient. The spatial location of the transport barrier as a function of input flux is calculated. The analysis indicates that for powers slightly above threshold, the barrier location xb(t)∼[Dnt(P−Pc)/Pc]1/2, where Pc is the local transition power threshold and Dn is the neoclassical diffusivity. This result suggests a simple explanation for the high disruptivity observed in reversed shear plasmas. The basic conclusions of this theory are insensitive to the details of the local transport model.


The rise of rights talk is a subject that has gripped academia in recent years. Many historians of modem America are now searching for the origins of the rights revolution and the feverish use of rights arguments on the left and on the right. Two recent works of legal history tackle one part of this question with trailblazing interpretations, focusing on left-wing rights discourse and the successes of the civil rights movement. Both


The ultrastructure and aspects of the histomorphology of Chonopeltis victori, parasitic on Labeo rosae, L. congoro, L. ruddi, L. cylindricus and Barbus marequensis, are described from scanning electron micrographs and transverse sections. Chonopeltis victori is characterised by sharply pointed tips of the abdomen which are directed outward. Sexual dimorphism is particularly evident from the structure of the natatory lobes on the fourth swimming legs and the accessory copulatory structures on the second, third and fourth swimming legs of males. The most striking feature on leg four of the male is the peg. The elevated peg appears tubular, but the sides are not fused. On the inner collar elliptical projections, each with a central, circular pore, are present. On the elongated outer collar small indentions occur peripherally. The dorsal surface of the peg is subterminally covered by elongated scales. The ventral surface of the thorax and swimming legs are covered with different shapes of posteriorly directed scales. Interspersed amongst these scales, as well as on the dorsal surface, eight types of setae are present in large numbers. The possible function of the peg and other structures are described.


This paper presents a unified probabilistic assessment of wind reserves for islanded microgrids. A multivariate nonparametric kernel density estimation algorithm is used to generate the probabilistic models of the wind resource, electrical demand and predicted performance of wind generation. These models are numerically combined to evaluate the capability of wind generation to act as a dynamic reserve and predict its performance for demand response, secondary generation and frequency regulation in an islanded system. The probabilistic model is robust against forecast errors and outlier events. Additionally, it captures multivariate cross-correlation, nonstationary environmental and load behavior, as well as multimodality in their underlying probability distributions. A case study is conducted to validate the proposed model, which predicts wind generation effectiveness for varying load profiles, wind profiles and generation capacities. PLEXIM simulation software is used to implement a model microgrid to demonstrate the integration of wind generation and its regulatory capabilities. The proposed algorithm has applications in power system planning and operation, and it provides probabilistic data for use in energy management and optimization of microgrids.


This work shows the first version of the Spatial Distribution of the Energy Resource by Ocean Thermal Gradient, where its availability is presented at 500, 750 and 1000 m depth within the exclusive economic zone. from Mexico. This work includes maps of surface temperature, subsurface temperature, temperature difference and net electric power at three different moments: the minimum, the maximum and the historical average. In addition, hypsometry and bathymetry maps are included, as it is one of the main criteria for installing an OTEC plant.


David Alcalde contributes to the clarification of thought on the origin of the universe from the unique position of an author who holds doctorates in both astrophysics and theology. Critiques of modern science and its limitations are increasingly necessary and increasingly common, but this work is indispensable because it approaches its subject matter from both sides of the argument. Alcalde addresses the insufficiencies of scientism and positivism cogently while explaining the unavoidability of metaphysical and theological presuppositions held by atheistic cosmologists, but he also succeeds in dismantling the unconsciously and improperly assumed presuppositions of cosmologists claiming to argue from a position of faith in favor of the beginning of the universe. Thus, this book reads both as a philosophical critique of modern science, and as a manual for Christian scientists who may be guilty of failing to comprehend what they claim to promote. In a clear and coherent style, the author unravels the myth of modern science's supposed neutrality, while, at the same time, opening up the world of cosmological theory to readers from all backgrounds. Knowledge of highly technical language is not a requirement for comprehending the descriptions the author offers of the most important cosmological theories in discussion today: the Big Bang model, with its modifications of dark matter, inflation, and dark energy; the steadystate model; the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorem, which incorporates the theory of quantum tunneling; the no-boundary proposal of Hartle and Hawking; the so-called "creation out of nothing" model from Vilenkin, within which nothing is actually still something; the cyclic universe, promoted by Steinhardt and Turok; the multiverse hypothesis; and even the proposal that Ph ilo so ph ic al Pr ob le m si n Sc ie nc e (Z ag ad ni en ia Fi lo zo fic zn e w N au ce )


We obtain two classifications of weighted projective spaces: up to homeomorphism and up to homotopy equivalence. We show that the former coincides with Al Amrani's classification up to isomorphism of algebraic varieties, and deduce the latter by proving that the Mislin genus of any weighted projective space is rigid. © Instytut Matematyczny PAN, 2013.


Using the decomposed corn straw,cow dung,peat,vermiculite as raw materials,six different proportion substrates were used to cultivate plug seedlings of pepper.The physicochemical properties of different substrates,the seedling growth and physiological parameters were analyzed comprehensively.The results showed that different proportion substrates had significantly different effects on the seedling growth and physiological parameters of pepper,and the treatment T5(cow dung∶straw∶peat∶vermiculite=5∶1∶2∶2,volume ratio) had better effects than the other treatments,which was equivalent to the control(peat∶vermiculite=2∶1,volume ratio),with the usage of peat decreased by 46.7%.


This article seeks to contribute to the current debate on the new definition of the "museum" – a debate which led to turmoil at the 2019 ICOM General Assembly in Kyoto. With reference to the case study of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdansk (MSWW), it analyses the new and very successful genre of the narrative museum, a genre which arguably fulfils the core elements of the definition currently being discussed by ICOM. In this regard, it brings into focus the paramount importance of community involvement in creating and managing narrative museums – an aspect that has been virtually absent in the academic and media debates over the nature of the MSWW and its programme. By pointing out the fragility of the foundations for such participation, based solely on trust between communities, the museum, and state authorities, this article calls for and provides guidance for an academic and institutional redefinition of the narrative museum and the institution of a museum in general.


In 1994, the Journal of Business and Technical Communication published a special issue that featured articles on the history of technical communication. One of those articles, "Studies in the History of Business and Technical Writing: A Bibliographic Essay" by William Rivers (1994) [1], was perhaps the first essay review of articles targeting the history of technical writing. The goal of this special issue—to encourage faculty and graduate students to pursue research in the history of technical communication—sought to show potential researchers what had been done in the history of technical writing. The mandate for this research emerges from technical communication's continued effort to establish its claim to disciplinarity. And without research that defines its existence and its place in the history of the United States and Great Britain, at a minimum, and its contributions to these countries whose histories underpin our system of higher education, technical communication cannot be called a discipline. River's essay, used extensively for the past 15 years, now requires extension. Thus, we provide an essay to describe research conducted that continues to outline, describe, and develop the history of technical and business communication. Given the quantity of works published in the past 15 years, this essay will be divided into two parts. Part 1 will cover bibliographies and methodological statements; disciplinary self-consciousness; the classical period; the medieval period; Renaissance technical communication, Renaissance scientific writing; Restoration and


eventually distancing itself from the General Secretary and the Novosti organization to become a fully independent newspaper. The limited scope of this book leaves limited room for historical contextualization. For example, the section on the split between Moscow News and Gorbachev could have benefited by mentioning the newspaper's coverage of the December 1990 events in Vilnius—where Soviet forces shot dead thirteen unarmed demonstrators—and Gorbachev's furious reaction at the coverage. This book would be of benefit to media students and those interested in the recent history of the English-language Soviet press.


The migration issue has been an inseparable part of the international scene since the beginning of the Third Millennium, together with its possibilities for transformation and development. If the regional, national, governmental, and civil society agendas are observed, they all have approaches to the issue of international migration. States have the right to regulate movements across their borders; international cooperation aimed at reducing irregular migration contemplates both a punitive aspect related to law enforcement and a protection and human rights approach. Ecuador is one of the few countries that has the dual quality of sending and receiving migrants. Added to this situation is the reception of displaced persons from other nations, a different but complementary phenomenon to migration, which has made it the first country of refuge in Latin America and lately the country of transit. Based on the analysis through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) multicriteria decision method, it is intended to evaluate the causes of international migration, and focus them on the current context of Ecuador, in the study of an adequate migration policy.


At present the different types of stress incontinence diagnostics and treatment are the main topics of urogynecology. T1aditional methods of clinical, urodynamic and endoscopic exams have been completed Ьу noninvasive 2D and 3D ultrasound.


PURPOSE
The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of the duration of exercise and the impact of the exercise type for exercise-induced activation of coagulation.

METHODS
Eleven male triathletes were subjected to stepwise maximal (17 min) and 1-h maximal exercise in swimming, cycling, and running. Changes of hemostatic variable sand of plasma thrombomodulin, a marker of endothelial cell activation, were monitored.

RESULTS
Irrespective of the type of exercise, alterations in markers of thrombin (prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, thrombin-antithrombin III complexes) and fibrin formation (fibrinopeptide A) were more pronounced after 1-h exercise than after stepwise maximal exercise. Hemostatic parameters rose to the highest levels after running resulting in substantial fibrin formation as indicated by fibrinopeptide A increasing from 1.33 ng.mL-1 to 2.25 ng.mL (P < 0.05) after 1-h exercise testing. Significant changes of plasma thrombomodulin were detected exclusively after running with increases from 38.2 ng.mL-1 to 44.2 ng.mL-1 (1 h, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
The data demonstrated that prolonged exercise is necessary for exercise-induced activation of coagulation resulting in thrombin and fibrin formation and suggested that endothelial cell activation possibly due to mechanical factors associated with running might play a role.


The Himalaya and Tibet are home to several hundred lakes, varying greatly in their size and chemistry, at an altitude of 4000-6000 m above mean sea level. The first ever limnological studies were made on some of these lakes in south-eastern Ladakh (often called Little libet) during the well-known Yale North India Expedition of 1932 (HUTCHINSON 1933, 1936, 1937). However, since then, the limnology of these high altitude lakes has only rarely been investigated (LúFFLER 1969, MIANPING 1997, BAUDO et al. 1998). Most of the lakes have remained in an almost pristine state with no or only negli~ible h uman impact. These lakes are also. pro~ably umque in their biodiversiry though very httle 1s known of the biota in them or their drainage basins. The absence of direct human influence offers the opportunity to understand the ecosystem processes under natural conditions as well as the impacts of global climate changes. South-eastern Ladakh was totally closed to al! visitors from the early 1960s until 1994 when access was made possible by constructing roads suitable for vehicles. During the past few years,. the area has ?een promoted for tourism (jeep safar1s and trekJ?n~. Since much rare wildlife inhabits the area, wh1ch 1s also important for several migratory birds, plans have been prepared for its conservation (KICHLOO 1_997). The only breeding colony ofbar-headed geese h~s on the north-east of Tso Moriri. Tso Kar has a pau of rare black-necked cranes. These lakes are, therefore, being considered by the Ministry of Environment and Forests for designation as Wetlands of Inter~a tional Importance under the Ramsar Convennon (WWF-INDIA personal communication). In order to collect background information ~ecessary for such designation, the area was surveyed m June 2000, and some limnological observations, made for the first time in 68 years, are reported herein.


The essential characteristics for a three-loop acceleration autopilot of tactical missile were presented from a frequency analysis perspective. The basic limitation of right-half-phase pole and zero from airframe static instability was analyzed using an open-loop crossover frequency inequality, which showed a consistent conclusion with the final overall stability condition in nature. To analyze the three-loop autopilot control capacity, the rate feedback, rate plus attitude feedback, and three loop feedback, were calculated and simplified based on engineering requirement, respectively. Then the equivalent actuator dynamics were introduced to compute the stability condition at high frequency. Such that the overall stability condition was obtained in explicit formulation. The results showed that the autopilot control capacity is dominated by actuator bandwidth, and a compromise should be determined between the flight performance and the actuator requirement for a statically instable missile.


Combining with concrete project example of a circulating water inflow pipe ditch,according to the construction practical situation,made research on buoyancy analysis and calculation of concrete,kept the concrete buoyancy calculated value more close to its true value,to lay foundation to the implementation of anti-uplift measures.


Peripheral nervous system disorders still present a major problem to the clinicians. Often the pathogenesis of the disease is poorly understood, and in general no effective pharmacotherapy is at hand to counteract the disease process. There are numerous different polyneuropathies leading to disturbed sensorimotor function of the extremities, and thus the search for insight into the disease mechanisms and possible effective pharmacotherapy is carried out in university and industry laboratories worldwide. Current thinking about the development of new pharmacotherapies is influenced by the notion that neurotrophic factors, which are developmentally active, may also play a role in the maintenance and repair of mature neurons and neuronal networks and connections. In order to screen neurotrophic efficacy of compounds, in general, tissue culture experiments are performed that are aimed to reveal neuronal survival or neurite-promoting activities. A problem with this approach is that once neurotrophic activity has been established, the experimenters are confronted with the question of how to test the effect in the animal or human. addition^ problems are encountered when one wants to screen potential therapeutic efficacy in a given nerve disorder of the human. What model system should be used prior to pilot clinical tests? In order to cope with these serious experimental problems, experimental neurology often employs animal models that are more or less directly applicable to human peripheral nerve disorders, such as mechanical trauma (crush lesions or transections), or models that by metabolic or toxic manipulation of the animal result in histological or functional deficits that resemble aspects of the human condition. Examples of the latter category are streptozocin treatment of rats resulting in a form of insulin-dependent neuropathy or acrylamide intoxication leading to a diseased state resembling a neuropathy of the so-called dying back type. More recently, one can discern a strategy that is based on the notion that compounds that are shown to be effective in enhancing recovery of function following traumatic nerve injury are also effective in protection or healing of the nerve during or after intoxication. In this context, the development of gangliosides and melanocortins (ACTH/MSH-like peptides) as new leads in peripheral nerve pharmacotherapy provide examples of the success of this approach.


A chromosomal analysis of genetic variation in wing length of Drosophila melanogaster was done using an isogenic line and a single derived irradiated line which differed significantly in wing lengt...


This paper analyzes the immediate, delayed and group responses of 20 commodity prices in four commodity groups (foods and livestock, crops, energy and metals) to macroeconomic"news"(unexpected announcements) in the United States between 1985 and 1989. It finds that macroeconomic news generally affects commodities within groups in the same direction - but there is no clear evidence that the prices of largely unrelated commodity groups react in the same way to macroeconomic shocks. The paper also notes that the business cycle must be carefully considered in analyzing the impact of macroeconomic news on commodity prices. It looks at variables such as inflation, exchange rates, interest rates, money stock and real activity. For each of the variables, the immediate impact of news is often different from the one-day-lagged impact - and different for different commodity groups.


Iron oxides are applied in heterogeneous catalysis, they are important photocatalysts in the water splitting reaction, are intensely studied in geochemistry, and used as a material for data storage. Thin iron oxide films are extremely relevant, because they are promising novel catalysts, are stable, and non-toxic. During our research supported by CRC 1109 in close collaboration with Prof. Freund and coworkers located at the FHI-Berlin, we realized that preparation conditions, especially the vacuum conditions and the temperature affect the surface homogeneity and its degree of order substantially. This means that surface defects such as point or line defects (steps) may play an important role in the reactivity towards water. This is in turn important because a surface under ambient conditions is always exposed to water (intentionally or via the air's humidity).


Abstract : Our titanium aluminide alloy was readily heat treated to a fully lamellar state by holding at 1345C for 1.5 hours and furnace cooling resulting in a grain size of 330 muon m. The yield stress, ultimate stress, and total elongation were 315MPa, 465MPa, and 0.46% respectively. The fully lamellar microstructure shows significant work hardening. No long cracks initiated at R=0.1 and variation max=300MPa with up to 1.4 million cycles.


Amoco, the DOE and LSU seek more oil from Gulf Coast salt dome fields with air injection technique. The West Hackberry Field in Louisiana is a water-driven reservoir. By injecting air into the high-pressure, high-temperature reservoir rock, the water is backed down, allowing the oil to drain off the steeply dipped rock.


A species of facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive, rod shaped bacteria assigned to the phylum Firmicutes. T his species is spore forming, catalase positive, oxidase negative, indole negative, does not produce hydrogen sulfide, reduces nitrate, and hydrolyzes starch and esculin. B. polymyxa, also known as Paenibacillus polymyxa, is found in the rhizospheres of plants and is used to produce antimicrobial compounds and to enhance the growth of plants. Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020


Inflammation, reflected by high plasma interleukin‐6 concentration, is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic patients. Neutrophil activation has pathophysiological significance in experimental septic AKI. We hypothesized that neutrophil activation is associated with AKI in critically ill sepsis patients.


Motivated by the recent developments of pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics, we analyze the structure of unbounded metric operators in a Hilbert space. It turns out that such operators generate a canonical lattice of Hilbert spaces, that is, the simplest case of a partial inner product space (pip-space). Next, we introduce several generalizations of the notion of similarity between operators and explore to what extent they preserve spectral properties. Then we apply some of the previous results to operators on a particular pip-space, namely a scale of Hilbert spaces generated by a metric operator. Finally, we reformulate the notion of pseudo-Hermitian operators in the preceding formalism.


Modern day robotics is fast developing and evolving in various areas of multi sensor applications like body sensor networks and mine detection. A flexible platform that can be easily integrated into variety of sensors is very essential in any complex environment. A reconfigurable hardware provides a suitable platform to identify and improve existing models used in metal detection industry. In this paper, we propose and implement a metal detection module using Terasic Spider Robot, planned to be used in landmine detection operations. A hardware circuit model to detect metal was designed for the metal detection module and embedded on the TSR. The on board control system was implemented using a reconfigurable DE0 Nano System on Chip platform that can further process the information from the metal detector using efficient algorithm. The movement of the TSR was controlled remotely by Bluetooth using a smartphone app designed specifically for this application. The design also intimates the user with a message on detecting the metal. The design was implemented successfully and the metal detection module detected buried metals at a depth of maximum 7cm.


Correction Contact me if this article is corrected. Citations Contact me when this article is cited. This article has been cited 74 times. Topic collections Contact me when new articles are published in these topic areas. Pediatrics; Child Development; Quality of Life; Prognosis/ Outcomes the same issue Related Articles published in . 2005;294(3):371. JAMA Jon E. Tyson et al. Outcomes for Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Disappointing News Related Letters


UAVs have been contributing substantially to multi-disciplinary research and around 70% of the articles have been published in just about the last five years, with an exponential increase. Primarily, while exploring the literature from the scientific databases for various aspects within the autonomous UAV path planning, such as type and configuration of UAVs, the complexity of their environments or workspaces, choices of path generating algorithms, nature of solutions and efficacy of the generated paths, necessitates an increased number of search keywords as a prerequisite. However, the addition of more and more keywords might as well curtail some conducive and worthwhile search results in the same pursuit. This article presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) for 20 useful parameters, organized into six distinct categories that researchers and industry practitioners usually consider. In this work, Web of Science (WOS) was selected to search the primary studies based on three keywords: "Autonomous" + "Path Planning" + "UAV" and following the exclusion and inclusion criteria defined within the SLR methodology, 90 primary studies were considered. Through literature synthesis, a unique perspective to see through the literature is established in terms of characteristic research sectors for UAVs. Moreover, open research challenges from recent studies and state-of-the-art contributions to address them were highlighted. It was also discovered that the autonomy of UAVs and the extent of their mission complexities go hand-in-hand, and the benchmark to define a fully autonomous UAV is an arbitral goal yet to be achieved. To further this quest, the study cites two key models to measure a drone's autonomy and offers a novel complexity matrix to measure the extent of a drone's autonomy. Additionally, since preliminary-level researchers often look for technical means to assess their ideas, the technologies used in academic research are also tabulated with references.


Objectives: To compare the costs to the health service, women and their families of routine antenatal care provided by either traditional obstetrician-led shared care or general practitioner (GP)/community midwife care. Method: A multicentre randomized controlled trial in 51 general practices linked to nine maternity hospitals in Scotland: 1667 low-risk pregnant women provided information on costs to the health service. 704 of these women provided information on non-health service costs. Results: GP/midwife antenatal care was found to cost statistically significantly less than shared care. This was the case for investigations carried out at routine antenatal visits (GP/midwife = £87.25, shared care = £91.15, P = 0.05), staffing costs at routine antenatal visits (GP/midwife = £127.76, shared care = £131.09, P = 0.001), and non-health service costs incurred by women and their companions (GP/midwife = £118.53, shared care = £133.49, P = 0.001). While non-routine care in the GP/midwife arm of the trial costs less than in the shared care arm, the difference was not statistically significant (GP/midwife = £83.74, shared care = £94.43, P = 0.46). The total societal cost of antenatal care was £417.28 per woman in the GP/midwife arm of the trial and £450.19 in the shared care arm of the trial. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The application of sensitivity analysis did not change these results. Conclusions: GP/midwife antenatal care is a satisfactory option for low-risk pregnant women in Scotland provided that clinical outcomes and women's satisfaction are at least the same as those of women with shared care.


In this paper,a numerical calculation and analysis on the velocity and temperature field of cooling of heating component is made by using SIMPLE algorithm(Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations).


Introduction: Gerodontology or 'geriatric dentistry' exists as a field since the 1970s. However, its presence in the undergraduate dental curriculum is limited and distorted even today. Aim: Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the scientific production on gerodontology. Methodology: Studies focusing on gerodontology were searched in PubMed NCBI in November 2022 and constituted a database that was analyzed in Bibliometrix 4.0 for R. Descriptive and network analysis were applied to data. The conceptual structure analysis involved keywords co-occurrence network and thematic map. Results: The scientific production in the field of Gerodontology has a 7.2% annual growth rate. Japan is the most productive country in the field, followed by Switzerland. Most of the ten more productive journals are related to conventional dental specialties, such as clinical dentistry, prosthetics and dental implant. The analysis of the conceptual structure presented the current tendency of observational studies addressing the oral health and the quality of life of old people and related factors. Testing of materials meant for oral rehabilitation was found with lower relevance and densely studied during the assessed time spam. Conclusion: The profile of publication and the themes addressed in gerodontology focus on the association of oral conditions and risk factors. Testing of materials and teaching of gerodontology are also explored. Still, important issues such as prejudice related to ageing, working market of gerodontology and the formation of qualified personnel in the field still require further study.


The proposed Gemini, a long-range cargo transport, is designed as a high capacity, dedicated cargo transporter of 8'x8'x20' inter-modal containers, and long-range design. These requirements will result in a design that is larger than any existing aircraft. Due to the size, a conventional configuration would result in an aircraft unable to operate economically at existing airports. It is necessary to design for a minimum possible empty weight, wingspan, and landing gear track. After considering both a single fuselage biplane and a double fuselage biplane configuration, the design team choose the double fuselage biplane configuration. Both of these configuration choices result in a reduced wing root bending moment and subsequently in substantial savings in the wing weight. An overall decrease in the weight of the airplane, its systems, and fuel will be a direct result of the wing weight savings.


The DYNAMAP project has been approved for co-financing by the European Commission through the Life+ 2013 program last May 2014. DYNAMAP aims at the installation of a prototype system in the municipalities of Rome and Milan. It is based on pervasive low-cost hardware network for noise measurement together with some artificial intelligence algorithm to perform the automatic creation of real time noise maps. This work explains the concept of the project and some technical specifications about the low-cost hardware and the smart detection algorithm that will be implemented to avoid biasing the noise maps with sound events that do not come from road traffic. INTRODUCTION The DYNAMAP project (Dynamic Acoustic Mapping Development of low cost sensors networks for real time noise mapping) aims at developing a dynamic noise mapping system able to detect and represent in real time the acoustic impact due to road infrastructures. Scope of the project is the European Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise (END) [1]. In particular, the project refers to the need of updating noise maps every five years, as stated in the END. As a matter of fact, the update of noise maps using a standard approach is time and cost consuming and has a significant impact on the financial statements of the authorities responsible for providing noise maps, such as road administrations and local or central authorities. To ease the update of noise maps and reduce their economic impact, the reiteration of noise mapping activities can be automated developing an integrated system for data acquisition and processing able to detect and report in real time the acoustic impact due to noise sources. The system will be composed by low cost sensors measuring the sound pressure levels emitted by the noise sources present in the area to be mapped and by a software tool based on a GIS platform performing real time noise maps updating. Noise sensors will be based on low power microcontroller systems like the ones used in Noisemote [2].Moreover, the system will be endowed with artificial intelligence capabilities that will allow to detect noise events caused by sources other than road traffic. The objective is that the rendered noise maps will faithfully represent the noise levels caused by road infrastructures solely. This anomalous noise event detection algorithm builds on previous works on environmental sound source recognition and classification [3,4]. 45o CONGRESO ESPAÑOL DE ACÚSTICA 8o CONGRESO IBÉRICO DE ACÚSTICA EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON SMART CITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACOUSTICS


The alkenyl complexes [Ru{(E)-C(CO2Me)=C(H)R}(η5-C9H7){κ2-P,P-(S)-peap}] [R = CO2Me (3), H (4)], [Ru{(E)-CH=C(H)Ph}(η5-C9H7){κ2-P,P-(S)-peap}] (5) have been prepared by reaction of the hydride complex [RuH(η5-C9H7){κ2-P,P-(S)-peap}] (2) [(S)-peap = (−)-(S)-N,N-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)(1-phenylethyl)amine] with an equimolar amount of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, or with an excess of the terminal alkynes methyl propiolate or phenylacetylene. Similarly, vinylalkenyl complexes 6a−d have been synthesized by the regio- and stereoselective reaction of the hydride complex 2 with 1-ethynylcycloalkynols. Protonation of the vinylalkenyl moiety of complexes 6a,c,d with HBF4·OEt2 in diethyl ether afforded the cationic alkenylalkylidene complexes 7a−c. The structures of complexes [RuH(η5-C9H7){κ2-P,P-(S)-peap}] (2) and [Ru{(E)-C(CO2Me)=CH(CO2Me)}(η5-C9H7){κ2-P,P-(S)-peap}] (3) have been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The catalytic activity of (alkenylalkylidene)(indenyl)ruthenium(II) complexes 7a−c, 8 and 9 in the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of diethyl diallylmalonate has been examined. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)


Laboratory tests are not always prescribed appropriately. Guidelines for some important laboratory tests have been developed by expert panels in the Parisian region to maximize the appropriateness of laboratory medicine. However; these recommendations are not frequently consulted by physicians and nurses. We developed a system facilitating consultation of these guidelines, to increase their usability. Elements of information contained in these documents were identified and included in recommendations of different categories. UML modeling was used to represent these categories and their relationships to each other in the guidelines. We used the generated model to implement a computerized interface. The prototype interface, based on web-based technology was found to be rapid and easy to use. By clicking on provided keywords, information about the subject sought is highlighted whilst retaining the entire text of the guideline on-screen.


The introduction presents the structure of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren, its stages. Some difficulties in its organization and attitude towards it in comparison with other subject Olympiads are noted. The purpose of the article is to analyze the dynamics of the performance of participants in the regional stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in the subject "Physical culture" in the Novosibirsk region from 2017 to 2021 in order to draw attention to the weaknesses in the performance and plan targeted preparation for the Olympiad, achieving results at the final stage. Materials and methods. In the period 2017-2021, on the basis of the Novosibirsk Pedagogical University, the regional stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in the subject "Physical culture" was held. Observation, comparative analysis of the results of the performance of schoolchildren made it possible to reveal the presence of interest on the part of the younger generation of Russians in such a subject as "Physical culture", as well as to reveal weaknesses in the organization and preparation for this event. Research results. Monitoring of the total number of schoolchildren, as well as the average score, which was shown in the theoretical, methodological and practical rounds among boys and girls, as expected, showed the interest and better preparation of boys in this subject. Conclusion. The materials of the article will help to plan targeted preparation for the All-Russian Olympiad in order to achieve high results in the final stage of the Olympiad.


Site populations in Al2Si2O5 kyanite and short range order parameters in CaAl2Si2O8 anorthite have been determined by using 27Al multiple quantum magic angle spinning NMR with quadrupolar Carr−Purcell−Meiboom−Gill echo train and FAM-II triple quantum to single quantum conversion pulses (MQ-QCPMG-MAS NMR). Significant increases in resolution in the isotropic dimension were obtained by using the increased signal intensities to extend t1 acquisition times. Detailed calculations were used to optimize pulse sequences and then evaluate the accuracy of signal intensity to site abundances based on CQ and resonance offset variation in the mineral kyanite. The same approach was used to investigate a well-ordered anorthite and a range of disordered anorthite samples annealed at 1400 °C between 1 min and 179 h. Because of intrinsic disorder accurate site populations were impossible to obtain for these samples but instead upper bounds for the order parameter were determined. Furthermore, the spectra of the annealed sa...


A simple tilt factor is defined which allows accurate estimation of the infrared irradiance from the sky on a tilted surface from the horizontal irradiance. The tilt factor is dependent only on tilt angle and tenths of opaque sky cover. This tilt factor is compared with measurements using Funk-type radiometers mounted horizontally and at 45/sup 0/ and 90/sup 0/ tilts. Artificial ground planes of measured temperature were employed in order to define the measured irradiance from the ground. The average difference between estimated and measured tilt factors was less than 2 W/m/sup 2/ when averaged over three months of winter data. Standard deviations in these differences were less than 3 W/m/sup 2/. The tilt factor is used to evaluate the effect of tilting on the net radiant cooling rate.


Chloroform is one of the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Chloroform is the most commonly exist compound of the tri-halo methane (THM); THMs are Halogen-substituted single-carbon compounds with the general formula CHX3. The adsorption of chloroform (CHCl3) from aqueous solution was investigated in series of batch experiment. Two type of adsorbents of zero valent iron were prepared as NZVI and NZVI/ZSM via the reduction method by using sodium boro- hydride as reducing agent. The prepared adsorbent were characterized by the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunner –Emmett –Teller (BET), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The BET surface areas of the adsorbents were 254.33, 41, and 116.52 m2/g for ZSM, NZVI, and NZVI/ZSM, respectively. The adsorption isotherm studies were conducted at various initial concentrations of CHCl3 (10-40) mg/L. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were employed to fit the adsorption characteristic of the adsorbent. The removal efficiency of CHCl3 via the NZVI/ZSM from aqueous solution was found to be 19.92 mg/g, which conducted from the Langmuir slope. In addition the adsorption reached equilibrium within 90 min at optimum pH value of 9. It was found that Freundlich isotherm characterized the adsorption process better than that of Langmuir for NZVI/ZSM as indicated by higher correlation coefficient value. Hence, the adsorption of CHCl3 onto NZVI/ZSM can consider as a multilayer adsorption rather than a monolayer adsorption and the prepared adsorbents were found to be effect in the removal of CHCl3 from aqueous solution.


We had to prevent the growth and proliferation of LM which contaminated the meat to ensure the safety of chilled meat,as Listeria monocytogenes can grow at 0 ~ 4℃.We studied the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of different bacteriostatic agents against LM,selected e-polylysine,Nisin and kojic acid,and found their best combination by response surface method.The results showed that the MIC of e-polylysine,Nisin,kojic acid against LM was 50μg/mL,200μg/mL and 6.4mg/mL.The best bacteriostatic effect of LM under the concentration of e-polylysine,Nisin,kojic acid was 20.5μg/mL,184.6μg/mL and 4.37mg/mL.


Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of symptoms concerning the temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles, and occlusion, which include pain, restricted mouth opening and movement, joint tenderness, and intermittent joint noises. Women are more likely to suffer from temporomandibular problems than men. Patients with TMDs show a wide range of behavioral and psychosocial symptoms, including increased stress, anxiety, sadness, and somatization. Materials and methods: The patient group in this case–control research comprised 60 patients from the Department of Prosthodontics at Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara College of Dental Sciences in Dharwad. Female subjects aged between 33 and 45 years, who were educated, had two children, and were housewives were included in the study. Only 96 individuals of those screened met the inclusion criteria, and these 96 patients were given a hair cortisol test. After 1, 2, and 3 months, cortisol testing was performed. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups at the start of the study; but after 30 min of the modified trier test, there was a statistically significant main effect across groups, as well as a significant main effect of salivary cortisol over time. Conclusion: The etiopathogenesis of TMD is complicated by psychosocial stress. When compared to men, women have a higher risk of TMD.


A metal-free, visible-light photoredox-catalyzed three-component [3 + 2 + 1] heteroannulation for accessing modular fluoroalkylated pyrimidines from readily available silyl enol ether, amidine, and fluoroalkyl halide is developed. This protocol distinguishes itself by broad functional group tolerance in a regioselective manner, which provides a complement to the existing methods for the construction of pharmaceutically and biologically active organofluorine compounds.


Jelly candy is a product with a soft and chewy texture due to a gelling agent such as pectin and carrageenan. Red dragon fruit peel widely uses as natural pectin in various products, one of which is jelly candy. However, the resulting product has a less chewy texture. Thus, combining the natural pectin and carrageenan is expected to improve jelly candy's physicochemical characteristics. Moreover, in jelly candy products, the combination of carrageenan with red dragon fruit peel pectin have not been applied. The methods in this research consisted of extraction of red dragon fruit peel and jelly candy making. This study uses completely randomized design with two factors: the concentration (3.5%, 4%, 4.5%) and ratio (2:1, 1:1 and 1:2) of red dragon fruit pectin and carrageenan. The jelly candy obtained were observed for its texture, color and moisture content. Hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness were analyzed to determine the texture of jelly candy. The result showed a combination of red dragon fruit peel pectin and carrageenan within a ratio of 2:1 at 4.5%, selected as the best ratio and concentration in making jelly candy. The jelly candy had a hardness value of 421.59±7.94 g, cohesiveness 0.39±0.01, gumminess 122.22±2.77, chewiness 117.54±2.61, lightness 32.39±0.16 and moisture content 45.83±2.68%. This study provides new insight into gelling agents used to produce jelly candy and the effect on the physicochemical characteristics of jelly candy product.


In seismic acquisition,we may only acquire a limited amount of data or lose parts of data because of the environment,cost or efficiency.This will inevitably influence the quality of final imaging results.In data processing,we usually use interpolation to solve the problem of sparse data.The conventional interpolation methods are usually based on mathematic principles,and compensate data after calculation.The passive sources are actually located in the subsurface.The passive seismic waves transmit to the surface according to the same principles as active seismic waves.As a result,they contain abundant real information about the subsurface.We consider compensating active source data with passive source data using interpolation methods.In addition,in the areas suitable for passive seismic exploration,when there are not enough sources,the quality of reconstruction is low.So we also consider compensating passive source data with active source data using interpolation methods.As the SNR of passive retrieved data reconstructed by the conventional method is low,the quality of imaging is influenced seriously.Based on conventional methods,we propose amultidomain iterative denoising reconstruction method,which is based on the Curvelet threshold iterative denoising and multilevel median filter.As to the two cases mentioned above,and considering the matching degree of passive virtual wavelets and active wavelets,we suggest two time-domain interpolation methods using active and passive seismic data.They are the energy matching interpolation in the common source domain and least square matching interpolation in the common receiver domain.When the two kinds of wavelets match well,we adopt the energy matching method to calculate the interpolation factors.When the two kinds of wavelets do not match well,we adopt the least square matching interpolation and linear interpolation methods to calculate matching factors.Using the above reconstruction and interpolation methods,we analyze three cases and compare the results before and after pre-stack depth migration.For the ideal case,we adopt 1000 random noise sources,which are distributed uniformly both in axial and lateral directions.The recording time is 1200 s.After reconstruction,we conduct pre-stack depth migration with active and passive source data.The results show that in the ideal case,there is a large amount of effective reflection information.In the imaging results,the imaging result of passive-source seismic data is very close to that of active-source data.The complex structures and reservoirs are displayed clearly.For the case with inadequate passive sources,we adopt 400 locally distributed noise sources. We estimate the source region by comparing the causal and un-causal parts of reconstruction results.Then we conduct interpolation and migration.We can see from the results that the deep detailed information is clearer after interpolation.For the case of sparse data in active-source seismic exploration,we use a few noise sources located at depth.From the interpolation results,we can see that the active-source data and passive-source data match well after matching.The imaging results show that the complex structures and deep information become clearer after interpolation.The numerical results show that effective use of active-and passive-source data can greatly improve the quality of imaging.The multidomain iterative denoising reconstruction method can suppress noises effectively.By adjusting the threshold value and filter windows,we can extract effective signals gradually.In the interpolation processing of active-and passive-source data,energy matching interpolation in the common source domain and least square matching interpolation in the common receiver domain can obtain good results in different cases.In the area with a few passive sources,we can estimate the source region from the causal and un-causal part of data.Adding a few active data in the quiet area can compensate the imaging results effectively.In the sparse shot active seismic exploration,the use of passive data can add some detailed information.


The story of how African American women used their wartime contributions on the home front to push for increased rights to equal employment,welfare benefits, worker equity and desegration of volunteer associations during WWII. The crucible for the civil rights movement.


Background Autopsies can shed light on the pathogenesis of new and emerging diseases. Aim To describe needle core necropsy findings of the lung, heart, and liver in decedents with COVID-19. Material Cross-sectional study of needle core necropsies in patients who died with virologically confirmed COVID-19. Histopathological analyses were performed, and clinical data and patient course evaluated. Results Chest core necropsies were performed in 71 decedents with a median age of 81 years (range 52–97); 47 (65.3%) were men. The median interval from symptoms onset to death was 17.5 days (range 1–84). Samples of lung (n = 62, 87.3%), heart (n = 48, 67.6%) and liver (n = 39, 54.9%) were obtained. Fifty-one lung samples (82.3%) were abnormal: 19 (30.6%) showed proliferative diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), 12 (19.4%) presented exudative DAD, and 10 (16.1%) exhibited proliferative plus exudative DAD. Of the 46 lung samples tested for SARS-CoV-19 by RT-PCR, 39 (84.8%) were positive. DAD was associated with premortem values of lactate dehydrogenase of 400 U/L or higher [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 21.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.22–146] and treatment with tocilizumab (AOR 6.91; 95% CI 1.14–41.7). Proliferative DAD was associated with an onset-to-death interval of over 15 days (AOR 7.85, 95% CI 1.29–47.80). Twenty-three of the 48 (47.9%) heart samples were abnormal: all showed fiber hypertrophy, while 9 (18.8%) presented fibrosis. Of the liver samples, 29/39 (74.4%) were abnormal, due to steatosis (n = 12, 30.8%), cholestasis (n = 6, 15.4%) and lobular central necrosis (n = 5, 12.8%). Conclusion Proliferative DAD was the main finding on lung core needle necropsy in people who died from COVID-19; this finding was related to a longer disease course. Changes in the liver and heart were common.


A two-year-old male domestic short hair cat was referred with a history of lower urinary tract obstruction. Four months previously, this animal showed clinical signs of hematuria. On physical examination, the cat showed signs of mild abdominal cramping and painful urination or dysuria. Abdominal radiography was also performed, and the result showed a radiopaque material-a bullet- within the bladder lumen. Cystotomy was performed to remove the bullet from the urinary bladder. At that time, amikacin was used according to bacterial culture Enterobacter spp. and drug susceptibility results. Three weeks after surgery, the cat was presented to the Small Animal Hospital for a health check-up. There were no clinical signs or any complications to be seen.