Fifty gimmers of the Djallonke breed of sheep ranging in body weight from 5 to 13 kg were allotted in equal numbers to five diets containing respectively, 0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 g kg-1 cocoa pod husk (CPH) and fed for 150 days. The diets also contained 5% NaOH-treated corn cob (0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 g kg-1) replacing equal amounts of CPH. Enough feed and water to last each day were supplied once each day at 0800 h (local time). After the 150-day individual feeding phase, animals belonging to the same dietary treatment were group-fed the same diets as in the individual feeding phase, and a service ram introduced to them. Each ram had its brisket painted to aid in oestrus detection. Each gimmer was bled once every seven days and plasma progesterone determined. In addition, two gimmers per treatment were bled daily for 53 days before rams were introduced (during the 150-day individual feeding phase) in order to study the pattern of the oestrous cycle. Dietary treatment had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the reproductive parameters studied apart from the birth weight of lambs. The oestrous cycle length averaged 17.2 ± 0.44 days and peak progesterone level (8.0 ± 0.84 nmol L-1) was attained on day 14 of the cycle. Progesterone profiles during pregnancy were similar for all animals irrespective of dietary treatment reaching a peak between days 112 and 119 (18.2-23.3 nmol L-1) becoming negligible by day 154.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of yeast(Saccharomyces exiguus SJPAF1, referred to as SA) addition on odor emission and contaminants reduction in piggery sluny. Four different rates of yeast addition were compared: no addition(SA0), 0.7L(SA0.7), 1.0L(SA1.0), and 1.5L(SA1.5) to one tone of piggery slurry. Odor emission tended to decrease with increasing the yeast application with concurrent effects of changes in temperature on outside of reactors. Particularly, reduction in ammonia emission was proportional to the yeast application rate; it reduced from 161.1 ppm in SA0 to 47.1 ppm in SA1.5 after 6 days of treatment Decomposition of piggery shiny by yeast increased to 13.8% more in SA1.5, and total amounts of piggery slurry decreased to 12.5% in SA1.5. Total coliforms were detected below 30MPN in SA1.5, while MPN of Total coliforms were found in SA0. However, the effect of yeast addition in piggery slurry seemed to have no influence on the removal efficiency of contaminants such as BOD, COD, , , . Consequently, the yeast(Saccharomyces exiguus SJPAF1) addition of 1.5% in the piggery sluny seems to have potential applicability for improving agent of pig-farm environment.


7595 Background: Most SCLC patients initially respond to chemotherapy but then relapse and die so new therapies are urgently required. Pre-clinical data shows statins induce growth arrest and apoptosis in SCLC and several other tumour cell types and are additive with chemotherapy. This may in part be due to impaired Ras superfamily function as statins deplete mevalonate, reducing geranylgeranylation and farnesylation of these proteins. We therefore undertook this large pragmatic phase III trial in order to determine if overall survival (OS) was affected by the addition of pravastatin in SCLC. Methods: Patients with limited (LD) or extensive (ED) stage SCLC were randomised to pravastatin 40mg OD or placebo for up to 2 years and given standard chemotherapy according to local practice recommended as either cisplatin 60mg/m2 iv or carboplatin AUC 5 or 6 and etoposide 120 mg/m2iv d1 to 3 or 100 mg BD po d2 & 3; max 6 cycles plus radiotherapy as usually given. Patients were excluded if they had used statins wit...


The planning of future supplies of agricultural water is beset by uncertainties stemming from inaccuracies in general circulation models, assumed greenhouse gases emissions scenarios (GHGESs), impe...


The Toarcian Ocean Anoxic Event (TOAE) took place in the early Jurassic ( ∼183 My) and is characterised by the widespread deposition of organic matter-rich black shales in deep basins, and by a negative carbon isotope excursion reflecting profound environmental changes. This event is well documented in the sedimentary record of deeper marine settings, in which the TOAE is marked by the presence of organic-rich shales. However, the recording of the TOAE in shallower environments is less common, due to incomplete sediment records, to sea-level fluctuations and the lack of good biostratigraphy markers.


: Pest control services dealing with mass pests such as locusts and grasshoppers are forced to use insecticides of various origins to prevent crop damage. In most cases, mainly chemical insecticides are used. This method of regulating pest populations has many negative consequences. As a result of chemical treatments with broad-spectrum insecticides, not only pests are killed, but also non–target organisms, primarily entomophages and pollinators. One of the alternatives to the chemical method of control is the use of biopesticides based on entomopathogenic viruses, bacteria, and fungi. The impact of the biopesticide "Entolek K Planteco®" based on the fungus Akanthomyces lecanii on different species of locusts, grasshoppers, and katydids was evaluated in soybean plantings of southeast Kazakhstan. Locust and grasshopper mortality was 70% on the 3 rd day after treatment and 98% on the 7 th day, while katydid mortality on the same days was 50 and 70% respectively. Thus "Entolek K Planteco ®" proved efficient for controlling harmful locusts, grasshoppers and katydids. This is especially important in sensitive areas where the use of chemical insecticides is legally prohibited (water protection zones, specially protected natural areas, agricultural land for growing organic products.


For a long time,China's efforts to crack down on crime criminal law has been too tough.Under current criminal law, some crimes are still considered the most serious crimes.Setting penalty system has followed the principle of heavy penalties.Maximum penalty is death penalty in our criminal law.It has deviated from the just value of the penalty,reduce the penalty functions and vagued the penalty purpose.It does not meet the development requirements of Humanitarian in the criminal system.


Based on the method of characteristics (MOC), the problem of spherical wave propagation under the double exponential blasting loads in 3D infinite elastic rock and soil is studied in this paper. The solution procedures of MOC for blasting-induced spherical wave are introduced, and the corresponding calculated results of the radial stress, circumference stress, velocity and displacement are presented and discussed. The results show MOC provides a powerful tool for high-standard calibration of dynamic numerical algorithm, and the MOC solution of blasting spherical wave plays an important role in the numerical analysis of blasting engineering.


Abstract Credit rationing results from the existence of asymmetric information, both ex ante and ex post the signing of the loan agreement. It refers to an equilibrium wherein which banks grant credit to some borrowers whereas they crowd out others that would pay nevertheless a higher interest rate. A conventional assumption is that Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are most affected by credit crunch. We design a disequilibrium model to analyse the determinants of credit rationing upon a balanced panel of 2,370 French SMEs over the period 2002-2010. According to the estimates of simultaneous equations, the desired demand for bank credit is determined by exogenous factors from the supply-side such as interest rate and the guarantees required by banks. Banks decide to grant credit based on the means to ensure the payback of loans. The average share of rationed SMEs, whether partially or totally, is 23.46 per cent of the sample. This result suggests that access to bank loans is not a major issue for French SMEs, which have been operating for a decade. Keywords: balanced panel; credit rationing; disequilibrium model; France; SME, JEL: G21, G23


In this paper, we propose an extended multi-objective version of single objective optimization algorithm called sperm swarm optimization algorithm. The proposed multi-objective optimization algorithm based on sperm fertilization procedure (MOSFP) operates based on Pareto dominance and a crowding factor, that crowd and filter out the list of the best sperms (global best values). We divide the sperm swarm into three equal parts, after that, different types of turbulence (mutation) operators are applied on these parts, such as uniform mutation, non-uniform mutation, and without any mutation. Our algorithm is compared against three well-known algorithms in the field of optimization. These algorithms are NSGA-II, SPEA2, and OMOPSO. These algorithms are compared using a very popular benchmark function suites called Zitzler-Deb-Thiele (ZDT) and Walking-Fish-Group (WFG). We also adopt three quality metrics to compare the convergence, accuracy, and diversity of these algorithms, including, inverted generational distance (IGD), spread (SP), and epsilon (∈). The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed MOSFP is highly competitive, which outperformed OMOPSO in solving problems such as ZDT3, WFG5, and WFG8. In addition, the proposed MOSFP outperformed both of NSGA-II or SPEA2 algorithms in solving all the problems.


At the heart of transition research lies the question of how to "scale up" sustainable alternatives from a protected niche to the creation of mainstream practices.While upscaling processes are often seen as an essential element that contributes to societal transformation,
 upscaling itself remains a fuzzy concept.We argue that some fundamental dilemmas of upscaling can be identified, for example, the different understanding of the concept by researchers and practitioners. The dilemmas should be addressed in a more reflexive way by those from the worlds of science
 and practice who are involved in collaborative research settings.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the transition of housing facilities and the technicalization of the housing life through the newspaper advertisements between the 1970s' and 1990s'. The modernization on multi-family housing life since 1970s' was come true by functional equipments. Although the improvement on the material environments deteriorated the modernized life to the commercial uniformity.


Enhancement of fuel quality for better environmental characteristics is dependent on improved performances of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts1). For example, the limit for sulfur of 50 ppm in light gas oils is now in effect in Japan, but will be decreased to 10 ppm by 2007. Therefore, present research is intended to rapidly develop more active and selective catalyst formulations2). Conventional HDS catalysts consist of MoS2 slabs decorated by Ni or Co atoms ('NiMoS' or 'CoMoS' phase) supported on a carrier, usually γ-alumina. NiMoS or CoMoS-based catalyst performance can be improved by adding third elements such as fluorine3),4), phosphorus5)~11) or boron10)~17). The use of other active phases such as WS2, CrSx20)~24), noble metals20),22),25)~35), as well as other carriers such as TiO2 or mixed oxides36)~55) or carbon56) and zeolites57),58) has also been investigated. Titania carrier appears promising since the specifi c activity of MoS2/TiO2 catalysts for thiophene HDS was 4.4 times higher than that of MoS2/Al2O3 catalysts36). However, conventional titania support has low specific surface area and poor mechanical properties which are not suitable for catalytic applications. Recently, a new titania support, which has high specific surface area (SSA) of ca. 134 m2・g−1 and excellent mechanical properties, was successfully synthesized by Chiyoda Corp.59),60). The titania support is believed to improve the HDS activity of non-promoted MoS2 catalysts based on better Mo dispersion38),41) and easier sulfidation of the active phase44). The use of TiO2 also increases the mobility of the sulfur atoms49),50)~52),54),55),61). The DBT HDS activity of the non-promoted MoS2 phase can be increased by using high SSA titania support50),54). Such MoS2/TiO2 catalysts are signifi cantly 154 Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute, 50, (3), 154-161 (2007)


This paper proposes a Zero-Voltage-Switching PWM, Hybrid Full-Bridge Three-Level Converter (ZVS PWM H-FB TL converter), which has a three-level leg and a two-level leg. The voltage stress of the switches of the three-level leg is the half of the input voltage, and the switches can realize ZVS in a wide load range. The voltage stress of the switches of the two-level leg is the input voltage, and the switches can realize ZVS with the use of the leakage inductance of the transformer. The secondary rectified voltage is a three-level waveform having lower high-frequency content compared with that of the traditional full-bridge converters, which can reduce the output filter, and as a result, the dynamic response of the converter is improved. The input current of the converter has quite little ripple, so input filter can also be significantly reduced. The operation principle of the proposed converter is analyzed theoretically and verified by the experimental results.


Supporting structure of double-row piles in deep foundation was analyzed by 3-D finite element on the base of some case study. Some factors are changed such as array pitch, pile stiffness, soil properties in piling and passive area. There are other factors that are taken into account such as spatial coordination role of coupling beam and interaction between pile-soil. The deformation and stress of double-row piles in deep foundation was analyzed and the excavation process was simulated by flac3D. Through analyzing the displacement alteration, we can concluded that combining various measures and reducing structure deformation may optimize structure design of double-row piles.


Larval behavior of Galleria mellonella (L.) was observed in apiaries of the honey bee Apis mellifera L., and in the laboratory. The 1st instars fed on honey, and then dispersed to all colonies of the apiary where they infested brood combs, primarily in areas of unsealed brood or pollen. Larvae tunneled into cell walls until bees capped their brood, and then fed in the capped cells. After the bees emerged, worker bees captured moth larvae as cells were cleaned and repaired. Small captured larvae were eaten by bees; larvae that escaped capture until late instars were removed from the colony. Bees tried to sting large larvae, but larvae were resistant to penetration of the sting.


Time is one of the most intuitive most difficult phenomena of human consciousness. Everyday habit defines temporality as a gradual presentation of the future, "now" and the past, it forms the solid tradition of the relationship with time. Photography allows to see the past, hereafter and present as a single point, it brakes the linear continua of time, showing the temporal stream as a set of scattered fragments. Image destroys the three-part structure of time, presumes that past and future of photography space are equal. Photography is not fastened to the existence; conditions of the picture are not determined by the time. Photography raises doubts in common structure of temporality: photography raises the question about how arranged time.


Random samples of classroom teachers from Wyoming (n=555) and Louisiana (n=253) were drawn to determine teachers' purposes for using standardized tests, attitudes toward standardized testing, differences, if any, with grade level taught, and whether test use differed in two very different geographic locations. In addition, differences in standardized test use and attitudes were examined in relation to differences in training in tests and measurement. Elementary, middle, and high school teachers were included in the samples. A survey form was developed, containing 12 Likert scale items regarding attitudes toward standardized tests and 20 additional questions asking for demographic information and information on the types of standardized tests used and purposes for use. Additional questions covered t.ne level of training in testing and measurement and the grade level taught. Overall attitude toward standardized tests was assessed by asking about the perceived usefulness of such tests to the teacher. A similar question covered the usefulness of classroom tests. Significant differences in reported test use were found by grade level and by amount of training. Attitude differences were also found for grade level taught. Implications for inservice and teacher education curricula are discussed. (TJH) *************************t******************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************


In this study, the MAPbBr3 quantum dots (QD-MAPbBr3) were prepared by the simple and rapid method. Octylammonium bromide (OABr) makes the MAPbBr3 with better exciton binding energy, good surface morphology and stability. To form nanocrystalline thin film, the QD-MAPbBr3 was coated by spin-coating method in a nitrogen-filled glove box. The solar cells structure was ITO/NiOx/QD-MAPbBr3/C60/Ag, where NiOx, QD-MAPbBr3, C60 were used as a hole transport layer, active layer and electron transport layer, respectively. To realize material characteristics, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer, and photoluminescence spectrometers (PL) were used to analysis crystallinity, surface morphology, transmittance, and optical behavior of the QD-MAPbBr3 films. The J-V characteristics of devices were evaluated by the solar simulator system.


LASKEY, J. W., AND BURSIAN, S. J. Some Effects of Chronic Tritium Exposure during Selected Ages in the Rat. Radiat. Res. 67, 314-323 (1976). To assess the implication of age at the time of exposure to chronic irradiation, rats were exposed to constant tritium (HTO) activities of 10 yCi/ml of body water for 42 days beginning either on the first day of pregnancy or at birth, or at 42 days or 74 days of age. This activity level provided a calculated whole-body dose rate of 3 rad/day. The indicators of radiobiologic damage employed were reproductive, endocrine, and neurochemical parameters and were assessed at 49, 120, or 300 days of age. A significant reduction in the testes weight and sperm content in rats exposed either from the first day of pregnancy or birth was evident upon examination at 49 days of age. Females exposed from the first day of pregnancy had a significant reduction in their F2 litter size and an increase in the number of resorbed embryos. Analysis for norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) concentration in the brain and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration in the pituitary was performed at 49 and 300 days. Rats exposed from conception had increases in NE and DA and a decreased FSH concentration when examined at 49 days of age. When examined at 300 days of age all groups had decreased NE and DA concentrations. At the same time, all treatment groups showed increased FSH concentration with the groups exposed later in life showing the greatest increase. From the parameters examined all age groups showed some effects due to the HTO exposure, but the group most sensitive to the effects of chronic irradiation was the


In this paper the effect of emittance on the relevant issues of the synchrotron radiation sources, optics and beamline design for two values of emittance, x=3.278 and 0.937 nm.rad, suggested for the Iranian Light Source Facility lattice design, have been discussed. The effect of spot size and divergence of the electron beam, and strength of the bending magnet field, have been considered in the calculations. The results show that reducing of emittance, increases the brilliance of the undulator by factor 5, and decrease the foot print on the optical elements and spot size of photon beam on the sample by a factor of about 2.


The dichloro-dihydrido complex OsH2Cl2(P i Pr3)2 (1) reacts with K[CH3CO2] to give the seven-coordinate dihydrido OsH2Cl( 2 -O2CCH3)(P i Pr3)2 (2), while the reaction of 1 with Ag[CH3CO2] affords OsH2( 2 -O2CCH3){ 1 -OC(O)CH3}(P i Pr3)2 (3). The structure of 3 in the solid state has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The geometry around the metal center could ideally be described as derived from a distorted square antiprism with a missing vertice. One of the two square planes is made up by the two phosphorus atoms and the hydrido ligands. The oxygen atoms of the acetato ligands are located in the second plane, which is rotated by 24.7° from the first one. Complex 3 reacts with 2-methyl-1-buten-3-yne to give the R,'-unsaturated vinylidene derivative OsH{dCdCHC(CH3)dCH2}( 2 -O2CCH3)(P i Pr3)2 (4), which by reaction with HBF4'OEt2 affords the cationic carbyne complex [OsH{t CCHdC(CH3)dCH2}( 2 -O2CCH3)(P i Pr3)2]BF4 (5). The structure of 5 has been also determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The coordination geometry around the osmium atom could be rationalized as a distorted octahedron with the two phosphorus atoms of the phosphine ligands occupying apical positions. The equatorial plane is formed by the bidentate ligand, the hydrido, and the carbyne group. Under carbon monoxide atmosphere, complex 5 evolves into the (Z)-dienyl complex Os{(Z)-CHdCHC(CH3)dCH2}{ 1 -OC(O)CH3}(CO)2(P i Pr3)2 (6), which does not isomerize into the (E)-dienyl isomer Os{(E)-CHdCHC(CH3)dCH2}{ 1 OC(O)CH3}(CO)2(P i Pr3)2 (7). Treatment of 6 with HBF4'OEt2 produces isoprene and the cis-dicarbonyl [Os( 2 -O2CCH3)(CO)2(P i Pr3)2]BF4 (8). The (E)-dienyl complex 7 has been prepared according to the following reaction sequence: the reaction of Os{(E)-CHdCHC(CH3)dCH2}Cl(CO)(P i Pr3)2 (9) with Ag[CH3CO2] leads to Os{(E)-CHdCHC(CH3)dCH2}( 2 O2CCH3)(CO)(P i Pr3)2 (10), which under carbon monoxide atmosphere gives 7. The related chloro complex Os{(E)-CHdCHC(CH3)dCH2}Cl(CO)2(P i Pr3)2 (11) is similarly prepared by starting from 9. The protonation of 10 with HBF4'OEt2 leads to the R,'-unsaturated carbene [Os{dCHCHdC(CH3)2}( 2 -O2CCH3)(CO)(P i Pr3)2]BF4 (12).


The purpose of this paper is to know the frequency, place, and purpose of use of computer. It also aimed to know the various problems faced by the students in using the computer and to know the reasons for not using computer by rural and urban students.,A total of the 2,592 sample population were selected from 64 rural and urban high schools of two districts of Karnataka state. A structured questionnaire was used for the data collection and data have been analyzed using Software Package for Social Science. Statistical tests, namely, χ2 and one-way ANOVA were applied to test the formulated hypotheses.,The results of the study showed that only 20.66 percent rural students and 69.70 percent of urban students used computer for various academic purposes. Further, most of the rural and urban students opined that "electric power failure" and "lack of computer" skills were major problem in using computer.,Today, the computer education in schools plays an important role in student's career development and enhances the quality of learning among students. Thus, the local government/school authorities may provide the minimum ICT infrastructure in both schools and more particularly in rural schools.


ABSTRACT To explore the effects of mobile technology-enhanced interventions on mothers' self-efficacy, anxiety, and infant health. Quasi-experimental study. The intervention group (n=30) received mobile technology-enhanced nursing care, whereas the control group (n=30) used the hospital's routine maintenance services. Mothers' self-efficacy significantly improved, and anxiety and infant health problems (poor sucking, umbilical cord infection, and skin lesions) significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the intervention group. Mobile technology-enhanced nursing care improved self-efficacy, decreased mothers' anxiety levels, and reduced infant health problems. Mobile technology-enhanced nursing care can be integrated into clinical practice to improve maternal and infant health.


unconvincing. For example, hallucinations are &dquo;building castles in the air&dquo;, alcoholism is explained as fear-reduction with no mention of orality as having any part in it, and an example of a phobia is the experience of being pinned in a wrecked car having been forgotten and the accompanying fear having generalized to all small enclosed places. Its critique of psychoanalytic theory would sound naive in the extreme to the psychoanalyst. All of these limitations might be overlooked if it managed while slighting other views to convey the challenge that is implicit in the work of the learning theorists. Unhappily, they too sound dull in this presentation.


Among the various methods which have been proposed to improve the robustness and accuracy of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems, lipreading has received very little attention. In this paper, we provide motivation for the use of lipreading. A novel speaker dependent lipreading system is developed, which uses hidden Markov modeling, a well known and highly successful technique for audio-based ASR. It is used in conjunction with an audio ASR system in order to improve the accuracy of the latter, especially under degraded acoustical conditions. Reductions in error of 30 to over 60% result.


Abstract : The asymptotic approximation method was applied to the calculation of normal modes of elastic waves in a solid medium. The approximations were based on the assumption that the properties of the medium are slowly varying functions of one coordinate in the sense of a small relative variation within a wave length. A comparison of dispersion curves computed by the approximate theory with those computed by the exact theory for a medium of 2 or 3 homogeneous layers indicated that the approximate theory is fairly accurate for normal modes of higher order than the fifth or sixth. The approximation for the lower modes is considered of some value for rough estimations, provided the approximations are used in conjunction with the limiting forms of the exact theory.


In this work, we clarify the nature of a previously not precisely identified Fermi dyad in the frequency range around 1600 cm−1 in oligo( para-phenylenes). To this end, we deploy a novel method to calculate third order anharmonic coupling effects in molecules. This Fermi dyad is shown to yield important information on the structural properties of the investigated materials. The nature of all vibrations contributing to this quantum mechanical resonance phenomenon is explained on the basis of a detailed normal coordinate analysis. The anharmonic coupling is then closely investigated by applying our theoretical model. In particular, we discuss the intensity redistribution among the two components of the Fermi doublet as well as their energetic separation. Subsequently, we establish a relation between these features and the structural conformation of the molecules. We show, how oligomer length and planarity of these systems can be determined from experimental Raman spectra by extracting the positions and rela...


OCR is inevitably linked to NLP since its final output is in text. Advances in document intelligence are driving the need for a unified technology that integrates OCR with various NLP tasks, especially semantic parsing. Since OCR and semantic parsing have been studied as separate tasks so far, the datasets for each task on their own are rich, while those for the integrated post-OCR parsing tasks are relatively insufficient. In this study, we publish a consolidated dataset for receipt parsing as the first step towards post-OCR parsing tasks. The dataset consists of thousands of Indonesian receipts, which contains images and box/text annotations for OCR, and multi-level semantic labels for parsing. The proposed dataset can be used to address various OCR and parsing tasks.


Women experiencing intimate partner violence face complex decisions in navigating their safety. In a feasibility study, we examined the suitability of an intimate partner violence interactive online decision aid developed in the United States for its application in New Zealand, particularly with regard to cultural appropriateness. We conducted focus group sessions with women who experienced partner violence and focus group sessions with service providers. Women completed the U.S. online decision aid tool and provided feedback on the safety decision criteria, content, and design. Considering the findings from the focus group sessions the decision aid was modified. We reflect on the process of balancing women's stories with technical limitations and constraints of a replication study.


Background: Major depressive disorder is a prevalent and disabling illnessv, approximately 70% of patients do not remit after first-line antidepressant treatment, and about 20% develop to treatment-resistant depression(TRD). Treatment of TRD have been one of clinical problems. Adjunctive valprovate was a most sued ways for treatment of TRD. The magnesium valproate was common drug for both episode and bipolar disorder in China and also was used for TRD. To systematically evaluate the difference in efficacy of magnesium valproate and antidepressants for therapy of treatment-resistant depression(TRD) in China. Methods: Searches were applied to the following electronic databases in china: Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG and Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (VIP) databases. A total of 13 RCTs were included. A meta-analysis was performed of all the literatures germane to estimate the treatment-resistant depression patients treated with magnesium valproate combination with antidepressants and only antidepressants randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 2010 to 2015. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and the meta-analysis was conducted with Revman4.2 software. Results: A total of 13 RCTs were included for meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis demonstrated by effective rate and depressive symptoms change between two groups of combination treatment with magnesium valproate and only antidepressant. The effective rate was higher in magnesium valproate combination with antidepressants group than that in antidepressants group(81/306, 35/298, Z=4.60, P=0.00001). The depressive scale was lower found in magnesium valproate combination with antidepressants group than that in antidepressants group after treatment (Z=16.20, P <0.00001). These results indicated that magnesium valproate combination with antidepressants maybe one better therapeutic way for TRD. Conclusion: The results indicate that magnesium valproate combination with antidepressants was better than antidepressants group in effective rate and improving depressive symptoms during treatment of patients with TRD. So these results may recommend to the patients with TRD though without the differences between groups.


publishers are clearly hoping to encourage the baffled reader to buy Pawlak's monograph on the subject. In each one the problem is sketched out in enough detail, the relevant mass of data presented in a table, and the results of applying Pawlak's method of analysis described. It would be churlish to complain about details such as the occasional lack of discussion in some of the papers (so that my reaction tended to be "so what?" when I got to the end), when the papers are so nicely presented, but there is a slightly more serious problem. That can be summarized by the question "Who is the intended audience for these papers?" The lack of description of the method is likely to make the papers impenetrable for anyone new to rough sets, but anyone who knows a lot about them is unlikely to be very interested in descriptions of applications. The only people likely to be impressed by such work are people who have a problem that they can't solve and might be inclined to adopt rough sets when they see someone solve a similar problem using them, and such people, I feel, will be put off by the lack of explanation. Anyhow, this is not too much of a problem, and as a whole the section is fine. The second section contains six papers that relate rough sets to other techniques. These are all very interesting and would make a good point of departure for anyone considering developing the formalism. The papers include a typically worthwhile contribution by Dubois and Prade arguing for an eclectic combination of rough and fuzzy sets, as well as an interesting contribution on rough sets and topology, and two comparisons of the rough set method with numerical techniques for data analysis. It is unsurprising to find that one of these uses the data from the highly selective vagotomy patients. The final section of eight papers, entitled "Further developments" is more of a mish-mash of different things. There is a description of some software for automating the application of Pawlak's method (in fact, this software was used by a number of the authors of the application papers), and a paper which gives an algorithm that seems likely to make this software redundant since it promises much faster solution in many cases. There is a paper describing the application of rough methods to the pipelining of processes on a multiprocessor machine, and a paper extending the use of rough sets to unify knowledge representation and classification. And there is, of course, a paper analysing the highly selective vagotomy data again, this time with the aim of determining which attributes are important in obtaining the "decision rules". So, overall, a good book but not a great book, but one that deserves more than it is likely to get, which is to be buried in libraries rather than to be bought by individuals. That this will happen is a great shame, in my opinion, but is only too likely given the price of the book. It is possible to photocopy it, at commercial rates, for around one third of its retail price. Now to me this just does not add up. The publishers incur no typesetting costs since all the papers were provided in cameraready form, so all they have done is to photocopy it and wrap it in a hardcover. This minimal service doesn't seem worth nearly £60, and of course it isn't. Kluwer, in their wisdom, have decided that they only want to sell it to libraries and have priced it accordingly, thus putting it out of reach of people who are genuinely interested in the subject but don't have £88 to spend—yet another example of commercial considerations coming before scientific ones. I wonder what the authors, and particularly the editor who seems to have made a considerable effort to tie the book together, think of the publisher cynically limiting the audience of their work . . . .


This paper compares three di¡erent approaches for describing the growth rate dependence on suboptimal temperatures {e.g., the square-root model described by Ratkowsky et al. (1982. J. Bacteriol. 154,1222^1226): ffi p 1⁄4b.(T7Tmin1) or 1⁄4b.(T7Tmin1), the model originally found by Be› lehraŁ dek (1926a. Nature 118, 117^118): 1⁄4 a:(T7T0) and a dimensionless analysis described previously, (Dantigny1998. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 21, 215^218.):


This paper explores the degree of privacy athletes can expect and demand in the era of genetic technology in sport. Detecting genetic enhancements in sport, and consequently doping violations, using genetic tests is problematic because testing requires access to athletes' genetic information, and accessing genetic information creates many potential privacy issues and concerns throughout the world. Whether it is morally acceptable to subject athletes to the tests used to detect genetic modifications in sport is taken up in this paper, and I argue that the elite sport movement faces an ethical dilemma since rules prohibit athletes from utilising certain substances, methods and procedures, but the testing methods needed to ensure compliance with the rules are controversial and at odds with a reasonable expectation of privacy.


Abstract e-ASTROGAM is a gamma-ray observatory operating in a broad energy range, 0.15 MeV – 3 GeV, recently proposed as the M5 Medium-size mission of the European Space Agency. It has the potential to revolutionize the astronomy of medium-energy gamma-rays by increasing the number of known sources in this domain by more than an order of magnitude and providing gamma-ray polarization information for many of these sources. In these proceedings, we discuss the expected capacity of the mission to study the physics of supernovae, both thermonuclear and core-collapse, as well as the origin of cosmic rays in SN shocks.


Atom probe tomography is a cornerstone of modern materials characterization, which commonly requires spatial and chemical information at the nanoscale. The reconstructed data sets produced often reveal detailed information about the material structure, but much more can be obtained by looking at the spatial correlations and ancillary data. Here, the spatial information contained in multiple detection events (MDEs) is examined to understand their behavior and origins via subsetting by multiplicity and sampling from these subsets. It is shown that MDEs are highly spatially clustered, and a model of their production is developed based upon a Neyman-Scott process of fixed cluster event count. The model uses only the cluster process count as a parameter and shows significant agreement across a range of MDE orders, indicating that MDEs are governed by the same underlying process.


EDITORIAL COMMENT: The following comment to this letter was provided by Dr Robert Cowie, Director of Anaesthesia, Mercy Hospital for Women: To maintain stability, local anaesthetic solutions are pH adjusted to be between 4.0–7.0 for plain solutions and 3.5‐5.0 for those containing adrenalin. This acidity is considered to be a prime cause of the burning sensation which can accompany subcutaneous infiltration. Numerous studies indicate that this stinging can be reduced by the addition of ImL sodium bicarbonate 8.4% to each 10mL of local anaesthetic solution. The resultant increase in the pH increases the nonionized basic form of the drug allowing better tissue perfusion, a higher concentration of the drug in the nerve axoplasm and a more rapid block of the sensory fibres. Neutralized lignocaine solutions remain stable for some time, those containing adrenalin for approximately I week. The addition of excessive bicarbonate will result in precipitation.


The Song can even be seen as a kind of forerunner of the genre, as a "proto-piyyut". The Song presumably dates from the Persian period at the earliest, possibly originating in a Hellenistic Jewish context. While each of the Song of Songs piyyutim presented here is distinctive, all of them amplify elements of rhetoric of the Song, both by alluding to specific intertexts and evoking larger themes. The narrative voice of the poem speaks for a congregation; sometimes the poet articulates the divine perspective, and in other instances the personal voice of "I" seems to be the personal voice of the poet himself. In many, if not all of the piyyutim, it is possible that the congregation participated vocally by means of choruses and refrains. Techniques ranging from voice to refrains and choruses engage the listeners in physical as well as an intellectual way.Keywords: biblical rhetoric; divine perspective; personal voice; piyyut genre; proto-piyyut


Owning to the progression of science and technology,increasing techniques for in vivo cell tracking have been applied in medical research;they include radionuclide imaging,magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging,etc.These imaging methods have their own characteristics in specificity,sensitivity and manipulation mode.Researchers should choose the appropriate method while taking the following into consideration: requirement of the image,object of the image,the aim of the image,and the characteristics of each imaging method.In this paper we summarize the techniques of cell tracking in vivo.


This work deals with the study of asphaltene precipitation from a +190 °C residue at different temperatures, using several n-alkanes and n-alkane/oil ratios. Experiments were carried out at the boiling point of the solvent (IP-143 standard) and at other temperatures in order to elucidate if asphaltene yields are conditioned by the nature of the solvent and/or by the boiling temperature of the alkanes. The results show that lower asphaltene yields were obtained when using solvents with higher molecular weights at the same temperature, but also when using higher temperatures with the same solvent. Consequently, both effects that simultaneously influence asphaltene precipitation could be conveniently separated. Preliminary characterization of the asphaltenes obtained at different conditions has been carried out by means of NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Further characterization has focused on the particle size distributions obtained during kinetic tests of asphaltene flocculation by a laser reflect...


Bridges are structures that compose the road system and it's purpose is to overcome obstacles. Thus, the aspects related to its state of conservation, safety and durability are fundamental. However, such as other structures, the bridges are submitted to degradation by several factors, which makes bridge monitoring essential. This research aims to understand how the registration and routine inspections affects the lifespan of the bridges and how to perform them. By analyzing the main pathology incidence phenomena and inspection models used by DNIT (2004), ABECE (2005) and NBR 9452 (ABNT; 2019), it became possible to develop and propose an inspection method for small and medium bridges. Through the indicators, checklist models were proposed to perform the registration and routine inspections, and a simplified system in Excel software for bridge management was also proposed. This methodology was validated through a real case study, and it has prov to be effective for small and medium bridges management. The proposed methodology is friendly useful cheap and easy to implement. It provides autonomy to the responsible agencies to perform technical surveys, with the aim of the structure conservation and safety. These structures must be prevented from reaching a poor level of performance and endangering the safety of their users and/or requiring costly interventions.


OTHER PUBLICATIONS Minifie; B. W., Chocolate, Cocoa and Confectionary, J & A Churchill, London, 1970 (pp. 91-104). Compression of Dehydrated Foods Will Save Shipping Space, Food Industries, 2/1943 (pp. 74-75). Hanrahan et al., Properties of Compressed Nonfat Dried Milk, J. Da. Sci., vol. 48, No. 11, 1965 (pp. 1533-1535). Primary Examiner-David M. Naff Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Watson, Leavenworth, Kelton & Taggart


The hydrostatic piezoelectricity of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)–xPbTiO3 (PMN–xPT) ceramics and PMN–0.32PT and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)–Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)–PbTiO3 (PMN–PIN–PT) crystals were investigated through a quasi-static method. The results showed that pressure-induced depolarization occurred in PMN–xPT ceramics when pressure was above about 50 MPa, while there was no obvious pressure-induced depolarization for PMN–0.32PT and PMN–PIN–PT crystals in the whole pressure range (0~530 MPa). The hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient dh of PMN–0.32PT and PMN–PIN–PT crystals was nearly independent of pressure. The dh of mono-domain orthorhombic and tetragonal phase crystals is slightly larger, on the order of 100 pC/N. In addition, the relationship between the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient dh and the longitudinal and transverse piezoelectric coefficients d33 and d31 for different crystal systems was summarized.


Volatiles emitted by the soil fungi Trichoderma viride 272 and Trichoderma asperellum 328 were collected by using the closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA) headspace technique, and the obtained extracts were analysed by GC/MS. Several alkyl- and alkenyl-2H-pyran-2-ones, including known compounds 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one and (E)-6-(pent-1-en-1-yl)-2H-pyran-2-one, and the new derivatives (E)-6-(pent-2-en-1-yl)-2H-pyran-2-one, 6-propyl-2H-pyran-2-one, and 6-heptyl-2H-pyran-2-one were found. The alkenyl derivative (E)-6-(hept-1-en-1-yl)-2H-pyran-2-one, previously tentatively identified from a marine Botrytis by MS analysis, was also detected. All alkenyl pyrones were synthesised by using a reported Stille coupling followed by lactonisation, whereas the alkylated pyrones were obtained through a reported synthetic approach by radical bromination of 5-alkylpent-2-en-5-olides and dehydrobromination. Because the yields in both cases were not satisfactory and fell a long way short of the yields reported for similar compounds, all compounds were synthesised again using a gold-catalysed coupling of terminal alkynes with propiolic acid recently developed by Schreiber and co-workers, giving high yields in all cases. A comparison of the synthetic methods is given.


Reports of the death of receivership have turned out to be an exaggeration. True, the Enterprise Act 2002 has clipped the wings of this venerable institution in the context of administrative receivership, but there has always been more to receivership (an equitable concept) than administrative receivership (a clumsy statutory concept)


Abstract The characteristics of the ferroelectric and the electro-optic properties was investigated on the transparent PLZT ceramics, which had a slim D-E loop. The coercive force Ec was 0.24 × 106 V/m and the remnant polarization Pr was 7.9 × 10−2 C/m2 for the typical composition of PLZT (9/65/35), applying AC 2 kV/mm at 50 Hz. Transmittance of a PLZT electro-optic shutter was studied. The shutter was fabricated by PLZT wafer with a pair of slot electrode sandwiched between artificial polarizers under crossed Nicols. In order to evaluate the electro-optic hysteresis, the ratio of the half width to the applied voltage was employed, and was about 20% for PLZT (9/65/35), 13% for PLZT (10/65/35) and 8% for PLZT (9/69/31), in giving the maximum light intensity. The hysteresis of transmittance were decreased with increment of both La and Zr content, although the quadratic electro-optic coefficient was decreased.


Net zero-energy buildings (Net ZEBs) have been the object of various studies in recent years as various countries have set this performance as long-term goal of their energy policies. Designing successful Net ZEBs represents a challenge since the definitions are yet generic, the assessment method and monitoring approach are under development and the literature is relatively scarce about the best sets of solutions for different typologies and climates likely to deliver an actual and reliable performance in terms of energy balance (used consumed vs. generated) on a costeffective basis. The International collaborative research initiative between the Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) and the Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems (ECBCS) through Task 40/Annex 52 Towards Net-Zero Energy Solar Buildings-, summarises most of the recent developments in this field. The authors of this article, who are participants in this task, are providing insights from on-going research work on some best practice leading projects which have been the object of an exploratory cross-case analysis in order to facilitate identification of the set of relevant design strategies. The close inspection of the strategies and indicators of the relative performance of the projects revealed interesting features about the combination of design challenges with techniques and technologies responsible for delivering the Zero Energy performance.


Abstract : The direct problem of hypersonic flow about bluntnose bodies is solved by the method of apriori Ansatz of stream function dependence upon the transversal coordinate counted along the normal to the shock wave. The case of the linear approximation is considered in detail. (Author)


Mathematical flame modelling by CFD-Codes and flame radiation models for predicting flame and heat transfer characteristics and designing industrial combustors and furnaces has nowadays gained broad application. Nevertheless, there is still a great demand in the industrial area for quite simple scale-up laws which can be applied to predict the performance of a production scale plant based upon measuring data from a pilot-scale plant, or to design larger combustors, boilers and furnaces from quantitative experience gained with smaller units. Scale-up equations should be based upon physical and chemical similarity of the systems to be compared. In part I of this publication the similarity laws of the system geometries, of the kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions of the systems, of the time-mean turbulent flow and mixing patterns and of the flame reaction kinetics are being formulatedand discussed as to their physical relevance and experimental practicability.


This is a report of progress of an investigation concerning the effect of electrolytes on the liquid absorption of clays tempered to maximum plasticity. Data curves are presented to show that sodium silicates do have an influence on absorption when the silicates are added to the tempering water. The observed results are explained on the basis that the sodium silicate reduces the angle of contact and increases the adhesion tension of the clay-water system. The results of this paper are suggestive of a possible extension of this principle to explain, a t least in part, some of the phenomena of deflocculation and plasticity.


In the present research, a nickel base coating was deposited on an AISI 1020 substrate by using high velocity oxy-fuel technique (HVOF). The coating was subsequently post heat -treated by means of an oxyacetylene flame. For the conditions evaluated in the present study, it was found that the CTT coating has 1,15 better wear resistance for the smaller level of the applied load and nearly 50 times for the highest level of the applied load when compared to the STT coatings. These results have been attributed to a better distribution of the hard phases, better cohesion between particles and an increase in hardness, as consequence of the post heat treatment process. A severe wear regime was found for all the samples since the wear rates presented values which were higher than 1·10-5 mm3/m. For the CTT coatings, the wear mechanism was mainly due to the adhesion and oxidation phenomena, meanwhile for the steel counterpart mechanisms such oxidation, grooving and three body abrasion were observed.


. We present construction methods for free self-orthogonal (self-dual or Type II) codes over Z 4 [ v ] / (cid:104) v 2 + 2 v (cid:105) which is one of the finite commutative local non-chain Frobenius rings of order 16. By con- sidering their Gray images on Z 4 , we give a construct method for a code over Z 4 . We have some new and optimal codes over Z 4 with respect to the minimum Lee weight or minimum Euclidean weight.


Our examination of advertised prices shows that community-owned fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) networks in the United States generally charge less for entry-level broadband service than do competing private providers, and don't use initial low "teaser" rates that sharply rise months later. We also found that Comcast varies its pricing by region. Our study was constrained by the lack of standardization in Internet service offerings and a shortage of available data on broadband pricing in the United States. The U.S


In this paper, a new type of Radio Frequency Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (RF-MEMS) shunt capacitive switch is designed and studied. RF MEMS switch has a number of advantages in a modern telecommunication system such as low power consumption, easy to fabricate and power handling capacity at radio frequency. At high frequency applications, this switch shows very superior performance due to which it now became one of the key elements for RF application. In this proposed design, an innovative type of MEMS switch is designed. The MEMS switch structure consists of substrate, co-planar waveguide (CPW), dielectric material and a metallic bridge. The proposed MEMS switch has a dimension of 508 µm × 620 µm with a height of 500 µm. The substrate used is GaAs material. The relative permittivity of the substrate is 12.9. This proposed MEMS switch is designed and simulated in both UP (ON) state and DOWN (OFF) state. The proposed RF-MEMS switch is designed and simulated using Ansoft High frequency structure simulator (HFSS) electromagnetic simulator. The simulated result shows better performance parameters such as return loss ( <-10 dB)  and insertion loss ( > -0.5 dB) in UP state, whereas return loss ( > -0.5 dB) and isolation (<-10 dB) in DOWN state. This switch has good isolation characteristics of – 43 dB at 27 GHz frequency.


Motivated by the extraordinary physical and chemical properties of Janus transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) due to the change of the crystal field originating from their asymmetry structures, the electronic and optical properties of the MoSeTe monolayer in 2H and 1T phases are systematically studied by first-principles calculations, and a detailed comparison with the parental MoSe2 and MoTe2 monolayer is made.


Elliptic curve scalar multiplication is the operation of successively adding a point along an elliptic curve to itself k times. It is used in elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) as a means of producing a trapdoor function. In this paper, algorithms to compute the elliptic curve scalar multiplication using a special form for integers will introduce, and then two types of signed digit representation will use. The signed digit form of the scalar is calculated by many types of algorithms such as binary , non adjacent form and direct recoding. The results indicate that the proposed methods perform better to compute the scalar multiplication on elliptic curves and it is more efficient than the existing methods.


Lepidoptera is the second larger order of Insecta Class. Lepidopteran which feed of species of the Arecaceae family are notorious for the damage they cause, attacking a range from seedlings to the fruit. There are several control methods used against these pest insets, and among them, chemical pesticides are the most explored. Biological and mechanical control are also relevant, but they require a large number of trained workers. Behaviour modulation through chemical communication, using pheromones, stands out with a great potential to sustainably control insect populations. Pheromones have already been identified in lepidopteran pest which infest Arecaceae plants, they are mainly female-produced compounds, and belong to the sexual and contact types. The majority of pheromone compounds identified to this date are classified as Types I and II (unsaturated C10–C18 alcohols and their derivatives; and unsaturated C17–C25 hydrocarbons and their epoxides, respectively) with rare occurrences of Types 0 (short-chain secondary alcohols) and 3 (methyl-branched structures). Considering the vast quantity of lepidopteran species that attack this family and the economic impacts they generate, the present work aggregates the current knowledge on pheromones used the Integrated Pest Management of lepidopteran insects that damage palm plant species, and discusses both the compounds already applied in the field and the promising one that must yet to be tested.


RESULTS: No significant difference in BMI was found between male and female adolescents. The prevalence rates of obesity were 17.8% for male and 12.1% for female adolescents. There were significant differences (p<.001) in vigorous PA (462.6±490.54 min/wk vs 258.2±287.55 min/wk), moderate PA (394.8±458.97 min/wk vs 264.3±307.97 min/wk) and moderate-tovigorous PA (863.2±848.33 min/wk vs 522.6±535.96 min/wk) between male and female adolescents. Female (29.8±7.28 %) had higher percent body fat than male (21.1±10.23 %) adolescents (F=5.29, p<.001). Male adolescents were greater for grip strength (28.5±8.08 kg vs 20.9±4.23 kg, p<.0001), sit-ups (43.8±10.33 vs 30.3±10.58, p<.01) and PACER (49.8±19.72 vs 29.6±10.87) than female adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that male adolescents were more active and had higher fitness level than female adolescents, prevalence of obesity was higher in male adolescents. Schoolbased exercise training programs should be implemented to decrease the prevalence of obesity for male adolescents and to improve physical fitness level for female adolescents. Funding: "This work was carried out with the aid of a research grant from the NUS Initiative to Improve Health in Asia (NIHA) coordinated by the Global Asia Institute of the National University of Singapore and supported by the Glaxo Smith Kline-Economic Development Board (Singapore) Trust Fund."


The gracefulness of graph R(4,4,n) are discussed,the graceful label are given,it is also proved that graph R(4,4,2m) are alternating graph.


Objective To survey dental anxiety of college students and effects of dental anxiety on selection implant choices.Methods 128 college students were investigated by means of questionnaire on dental anxiety scales.College students were divided into two groups according to scores of questionnaire.Implant choices were analyzed and reasons for not choosing implant were included.Results There were statistical differences in dental anxiety between female and male( P 0.05).There were statistical differences in implant choices between two groups( P 0.05).Primary reasons for not choosing implant were fear of pain and surgery.Conclusion Dental anxiety was significantly higher among females than among males.Patients with dental anxiety choose implant less likely than those without dental anxiety.Improving people's knowledge about implant and relief of dental anxiety for implant will make them choose implant.


Gas cluster ions contain tens, hundreds or even more than thousands of atoms or molecules as ionized particles. It has been shown that the bombarding effects of gas cluster ions on solid surfaces are quite different from those by monomer ions and involve unique material processing characteristics. In order to make clear the bombarding effects, a study of surface modification of sapphire by Ar and CO{sub 2} gas cluster ion beams has been performed. Thickness of the damaged layer and surface roughness produced on sapphire depends strongly on cluster ion energy. Damage layer thickness on a sapphire surface bombarded by 150 keV clusters with average size of about 3,000 atoms was 40 {angstrom}. No significant difference was observed in IR transmittance after cluster bombardment. Mechanical properties of sapphire surfaces can be changed by cluster irradiation at a dose of 10{sup 11} ions/cm{sup 2}.


Civil apparatus of the state should remain optimal in providing service to the community at the time of running work from home as a pandemic impact of Covid-19. Bureaucratic performance should also be maintained to ensure government programs can be directly perceived by the public. Governments are required to be able to apply flexible work patterns from two sides. That is flexible from the side of the work implementation, and flexible from the user side that in this case is the community.  Despite working from home, the state civil apparatus is required to be able to provide optimal performance. This research seeks to see the motivation influence of state civil apparatus on their performance either directly or through disciplinary variables. Quantitative design has been adopted for this study using survey questionnaires prepared based on the Likert Scale (strongly disagree -1 and 5 to strongly agree). The sample size consists of 100 state civil apparatuses and is processed using PLS. The results of this study concluded that direct motivation does not affect performance, but indirectly through discipline, motivation can influence a significant effect at the overall performance of civil apparatus of the state


A new species of Alloglossidium is described and its life history investigated. The life cycle involves two hosts. This species of trematode uses the leech Macrobdella ditetra as its definitive host. This is the first documentation of a life cycle in which a leech serves as definitive host for a trematode. Cercariae emerge from the snail Helisoma trivolvis and penetrate the leech. After parenteral post-cercarial development in the definitive host, flukes enter the gut lumen and mature in the intestine. M. ditetra has a one year life cycle in the locality studied. This one year life span of the leech is responsible for the seasonal incidence and prevalence of the trematode infection. Additional observations are made on the life history of M. ditetra.


We discuss the finite groups with 42 elements of maximal order,and get a theorem as follows.Suppose G is a finite group with 42 elements of maximal order,G is one of the following groups:1)G[Z_(43)]·H,where [Z_(43)]—G,HZ_2×Z_3×Z_7;2) G has a normal subgroup Z_k with order k(k=49、86、98),and G/Z_kZ_2×Z_3×Z_7;3) An 2-group of largest element order 4 or a{2,3}-group with largest element order 6;4) A solvable group with order dividing 2~α·3~β·7~γ,(1≤α≤5,0≤β≤3,0≤γ≤2).And we prove these kinds of groups are solvable.


Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the best of those who utter the most complete words, the clearest statement and the sweetest tongue, our master Muhammad, and on his good and pure family, and on his companions who are imitated and guided by guidance and clear light, and those who walked on their path and guided them until the Day of Judgment....


The Xiaobaishitou biotite-granite pluton is situated in the southeastern margin of the central Tian Shan block.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotopic dating for zircon separated from the rock yields an average 206Pb/238U age of 322±5Ma.Geochemical analysis to the major element,trace element and REE the intrusion indicates that this granite is rich in silicon(73.46%~75.86% Si),alkali(Na2O+K2O=7.1%~8.2%) and weekly peraluminous(A/CNK=1.002~1.02).It is relatively enriched in large ion lithophile elements(K,Rb,Ba,Th) and depleted in high field strength elements(Nb,Ta,Zr,Hf) and exhibits LREE-enriched((La/Yb)N=13.92-20.85),and right-inclined REE distribution patterns.The geochemical dating of the granite yields characteristics similar to those VAG,inheriting the characteristics of its original rock.This study suggests that the original rock of the biotite-granite is metamorphic greywacke.Combing chemical characteristics of the granite with regional geology,it is speculated that this biotite-granite formed during late Carboniferous-early Permian when the ancient Tian Shan ocean closed and the crust of the central Tian Shan was thickened,leading to melting of the lower crust.


Glycosylation plays an important role for the stabilization, enhancement of water solubility and detoxification of natural products. It also contributes to the highly diverse nature of plant secondary metabolites. Family 1 glycosyltransferases, often referred to as UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), catalyze the transfer of sugar moieties to a wide range of acceptor molecules including plant hormones, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, betalains, coumarins, terpenoids, steroids and glucosinolates in planta. Completion of the sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome revealed the presence of 107 UGT genes and also provided novel approaches to determine the functions of UGTs using genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics. This review describes recent developments in functional genomics efforts on UGTs for plant natural products.


The key problems during the low permeable reservoir development are summarized based on the analyses of current development status and development theory and some directions such as increasing the reserves by rolling method,virgin reserves development,well spacing density adjustment,fine flooding,flooding pattern modification,and horizontal well development method.The development potential and technological strategy for low permeable reservoir in Binnan Oilfield such as systematic study of fine reserves description and remaining oil,crustal stress,crack description,small well spacing density are presented in this paper.Such technologies as deep reservoir forecasting technology,horizontal wells fracturing technology,high-pressure zone injection,refractory reserves development under the economy policy for lean grade reservoir and well spacing refinement and improvement to manipulate the oil zone control and development status are presented in this paper which aim at improving the development result of low permeable reservoir in Binnan Oilfield and increasing the ultimate recovery.


A field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the aman season of 2010 to study the residual effects of composted Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and fertilizer on the yield performance of T. aman rice cv. BRRI dhan31. Different levels of the compost and fertilizers were used in boro rice which was the previous crop. The experiment in boro rice was designed with two factors in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Factor A comprised 4 treatments: 0, 5, 10 and 20 t ha of MSW compost and Factor B with other 4 treatments: 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% of the Recommended Fertilizers (RF). Only the RF rates were applied in all plots of the T. aman rice and no compost was used there. The results revealed that the main effects of the compost and fertilizers, and their integrated use had significant influences on the yield and yield contributing characters of T. aman rice except thousand grain weight. In case of sole application of MSW compost and fertilizers in the boro rice, the residual effect of the compost on T. aman rice was in general higher than that of the fertilizer for example, the values for grain yield were 20.36% @ 20 t ha of compost use compared to 11.22% @ 100% RF use. In case of combined effect of MSW compost and fertilizer the grain and straw yield increases were much higher, ranging from 32.55 to 58.9 % and 34.04 to 57.07 %, respectively, over the control. The highest grain and straw yields of 4.93t and 7.25 t ha, respectively, were observed in T. aman rice, when integrated use of compost and fertilizer was applied in boro rice @ 20 tha of MSW plus 100% RF.


Nonlinear bending and nonlinear free vibration analysis are presented for FG nanobeams based on physical neutral surface concept and high-order shear deformation beam theory with a von Kármán-type equations and including thermal effects. The material properties are temperature-dependent and vary in the thickness direction. Nonlinear bending approximate solutions and free vibration solutions for present model with fixed supported boundary conditions are given out by a two-step perturbation method. Some comparisons are presented to valid the reliability of the present study. In numerical analysis, the effects of the volume fraction, nonlocal parameter, strain gradient parameter, and temperature changes on nonlinear bending and vibration are investigated.


Most classrooms have students with behavioral problems, but such students tend to be more prevalent in low-income urban neighborhoods, and teachers in these schools often do not have adequate training or resources to address the children's social-emotional needs. During the Schools Project—a partnership between the Erikson Institute and nine public schools in low-income Chicago neighborhoods—some of the partner schools addressed this dilemma by implementing the Responsive Classroom approach, created by the Northeast Foundation for Children to support students' social-emotional development. No other intervention during the project ended up looking so different from school to school. At one extreme, an entire school community was transformed. At the other extreme, a school came to see the approach as an ivory-tower program unsuited for inner-city children. This article briefly describes the Responsive Classroom approach and conveys the range of implementation experiences in the Schools Project through four case histories.


Relation-specific investments are usually associated with great risk. Investors, afraid of being held up, are likely to invest too little, endangering both financial and organizational sustainability. Theory suggests that relation-specific investment decisions are mainly affected by potential ex-post bargaining, while experimental evidence shows social-preference-driven thinking affects both investors' and investees' behavior. We decompose an experimental hold-up game to identify the effect of reciprocity and the effect of veto power on investees' transfers. In addition, we investigate the effects of corresponding information disclosures on investors' performance as possible behavioral remedies to the hold-up problem. We find strong evidence of the effect of reciprocity and reciprocity-related information significantly lower investors' suboptimal investment. Investors underestimate the effect of reciprocity without related information disclosure. In contrast, we find little evidence of the effect of ex-post veto power on investment decisions. Our results imply that reciprocity-related information disclosure is helpful in promoting both financial and organizational sustainability.


Occurrence and incidence of the single and multiple viral diseases in urdbean ( Vigna mungo L.) caused by Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV), Urdbean leaf crinkle virus complex (ULCD) were studied. Nine cultivars and 40 Initial Varietal Trial (IVT) lines of urdbean were sown in kharif and pre - kharif season of 2006 and 2007 at experimental farm at Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi. Varied degrees of incidence caused by single and multiple viruses' infection were observed. Over all the study showed maximum disease incidence of 65.5-72.0% in urdbean cv. P 2056 by MYMIV, 66.1 % in cv. T 9 by ULCD, 14.5% in Pant U35 by GBNV, 21.5% in Barabanki Local by MYMIV+ULCD, 6.5% in T 9 by MYMIV+GBNV, 4.8% in Pant U35 by ULCD+GBNV and 3.0% in P 2056 by MYMIV+ULCD+GBNV. No cultivar of urdbean was found to be free from virus infection. Over all single and multiple infection was found to be less in pre-kharif compared to kharif season. The infection of specific virus was confirmed by biological reaction, insect transmission, electron microscopy (EM), DAC-ELISA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).


Cataract surgery in HSV ocular disease improves visual acuity for most but carries a guarded prognosis and high risk for recurrence of inflammation in the first 12 months. Purpose: To investigate the outcomes and complications associated with cataract surgery in eyes with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-related anterior segment ocular disease. Setting: Public tertiary center in Auckland, New Zealand. Design: Retrospective observational cohort study. Methods: Clinical records of patients diagnosed with HSV-related keratitis and/or anterior uveitis who underwent subsequent cataract surgery in the affected eye were reviewed. Main outcomes measured were visual outcome, complications, and recurrence. Results: 37 eyes of 37 patients were included. Intraoperative complications occurred in 1 patient (2.7%) with iris prolapse. Keratitis or uveitis recurred postoperatively in 17 patients (45.9%) 8 patients (22.5%); 22.5% experienced recurrences in the first year postoperatively. 1 case (2.7%) of postoperative cystoid macular edema and 1 (2.7%) postoperative endophthalmitis occurred. Corrected distance visual acuity at 3 months was >20/50 in 21 patients (70.0%), 20/50 to 20/200 in 4 patients (12.9%), and ≤20/200 in 6 patients (19.4%). Vision improved in 26 eyes (83.9%) and worsened in only 1 eye (3.2%). Risk for recurrent inflammation was associated with a greater number of recurrences prior to surgery (hazard rate [HR] 1.31), time quiescent prior to surgery (HR 0.48), and iris transillumination defect at preoperative assessment (HR 57.66). Conclusions: Cataract surgery in eyes with previous HSV disease may improve visual acuity for most of the eyes but, overall, carries a guarded prognosis, particularly in eyes with corneal scarring. There is a significant risk for recurrent inflammation in the first year postoperatively. If possible, surgeons should ensure a period of disease quiescence prior to surgery.


Effect of phytoecdysteroid on incubation period and per cent fertilized egg of multivoltine mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori was studied. Variation in the phytoecdysteroid concentration and number of larval treatment(treated the larvae) influenced the incubation period and per cent fertilized egg of Bombyx mori eggs. In 40, 50 and 60% phytoecdysteroid concentration, the incubation period decreased slowly and slowly, in single(treated the V instar larvae onlyone times just before two days of larval spinning) and double th phytoecdysteroid concentration in all the treatment caused considerable increase in the incubation period of eggs. The minimum incubation period was noticed (7.95 ± 0.180) days in case of double treatment by 60% phytoecdysteroid concentration. Maximum per cent fertilized egg was noticed (94.75 ± 2.03) in case of double treatment by 60% phytoecdysteroid concentration. Experiments were performed by different concentration of phytoecdysteroid obtained from Achyranthes leaf extract. A control set was always maintained with each set of experiment. Number of larval treatment and variation in the phytoecdysteroid concentration did not cause significant effect on the incubation period of egg as the economy of Bombyx mori. Two-way ANOVA indicates that number of larval treatment significantly (P < 0.01) influenced the percentage of fertilized egg. 2 Phytoecdysteroid treatment, if applied tactfully, may be useful for boosting up the sericulture industry as well as the economy of silkworm rearing.


Teaching materials are all forms of material that are designed and arranged systematically to enable students to learn independently and be adapted to the applied curriculum. This study aims of this research to design Indonesian Correspondence teaching materials that can are expected to improve students' high order thinking skills Office Administration Education students. Teaching materials designed are validated by experts in terms of content, language, and development design, then tested on students according to the stages. The research design used the ADDIE research and development model. This model is suitable to be applied to the development of teaching materials because the stages are systematic. The instruments in this study were collected through questionnaires, observation sheets for students who took Indonesian Correspondence courses in the odd semester of 2020/2021. Based on the results of trials conducted in class, it was found that the teaching materials that were designed were quite good because they met the criteria and characteristics of the course and students. Based on the student response questionnaire, it was found that student responses were very positive (98.33). Teaching materials meet the criteria of being effective, 65% of students get completeness scores and 35% more get 90 points in the aspect of mastery of the material. The data in this research were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. The results obtained indicate that the teaching materials designed and developed are effective enough to improve students' higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in the Indonesian Correspondence course.


Proved burden reversion of dynamic superficial state,discretion and legality,experience and logic can be attained by adopting logic division to classify reversion form of burden proof in civil procedure.The construction of reversion form of burden proof in civil procedure deepens the theoretical research and instructs the distribution and application of burden proof in lawsuit practice from theoretical height.Practice has proved that burden reversion has evolved from dynamic state to statistic state,from discretion to legality,from experience to logic with the way of judicature-legislation-judicature.


This Project is to improve the compression ratio in particular in Diesel Engine and reduce heat rejection in cylinders. It is acquired by changing the material property by composition. Thermal barrier coatings have been applied to the internal combustion engine in the combustion chamber for simulating adiabatic changes. It is not only for reduction of heat rejection in-cylinder and thermal fatigue protection of underlying metallic surfaces, but it also for reduction of engine emissions and brake specific fuel consumption. Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) in diesel engines lead to higher power density, fuel efficiency, and multifuel capacity due to higher combustion chamber temperature Using TBC can increase engine power. The application of TBC in the components is to enhance high temperature durability by reducing the heat transfer and lowering temperature of the underlying metal.


© 2014 Alex Worsnip This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License. D isagreement is a hot topic in epistemology. A fast-growing literature centers around a dispute between the "steadfast" view, on which one may permissibly maintain one's doxastic attitudes even in the light of disagreement with epistemic peers who have all the same evidence, and the "conciliationist" view, on which such disagreement requires a revision of these attitudes.1 The battle lines here, it might seem, are clear. On closer inspection, however, there is something odd about the disagreement debate. For pretty much all steadfasters and all conciliationists agree that (i) there are some situations in which you should revise your doxastic attitudes in the face of disagreement with a heretofore-thought epistemic peer; and (ii) there are some such situations in which you should not revise these attitudes, or at least not by much. In terms of the practical advice that the views issue, then, the initial clear divide between the "steadfast" and "conciliatory" views is not so clear as it first appears. Moreover, even pinning down what separates them theoretically can be a tricky matter. One possible response to this situation open to a theorist from either camp is to try to present the other side's central cases as exceptions to a broader pattern, and to explain what makes them exceptional. That way, it might seem, the theoretical differences between the camps can be preserved — and maybe they will differ over more intermediate cases. A different approach, and the one I will pursue in this paper, is to develop a view that is moderate all the way down. On this view, there is a more comprehensive and gradual continuum of cases of disagreement, varying from those which call for radical revision of doxastic attitudes to those which call for no or virtually no revision at all — with many gradations in between — differing primarily in degree, not in kind. Those tempted by a view like this are sometimes pessimistic about the prospects for giving a unified account that clearly


Certain stages of the European expansion process into Asia during the Age of Commercial Capitalism lend themselves well to the comparative historical approach because of the startling similarities and contrasts they offer. The Dutch and English commercial leaps forward into the Orient, for instance, occurred at the same time in the organisational framework of chartered East India Companies - the English East India Company (EIC) and the Dutch Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) — which, moreover, chose the same theatre of action: Southeast Asia (Banten, Spice Islands) and South Asia (Surat and Coromandel). But although the aims, modes of operation and organisation of the two companies had much in common, these nonetheless each finally carved out their own sphere of influence in the trading world of Asia - the Dutch in Southeast Asia and the English in South Asia. While this consolidation process was taking place, the EIC and VOC gradually shed their semblance of being purely maritime trading organisations and, towards the second half of the eighteenth century, acquired the character of territorial powers. A shift in the balance of power also occurred between the two companies: if the Dutch were still paramount in the seventeenth century, the English totally overshadowed them as powerbrokers in Asian waters during the eighteenth. Did this transition of maritime hegemony occur gradually or should we rather speak of a 'passage brusque et rapide' as Fernand Braudel has suggested? Was it, as the traditional explanation has it, the inevitable outcome of the decline of the Dutch Republic to a second-rate power in Europe, or were local Asian developments, be they political or commercial, also involved?


This research entitled with the Influence of Customer Service's Communication of PT.Angkasa Pura II (Persero) to the level of the satisfaction by facilities users of 2F station of Soekarno Hatta Airport (survey to Garuda Indonesia's passangers). The background of taking the title of this research is because Soekarno Hatta Airport was the 10th busiest airport in the world. Because of that predicate, this research wanted to see customer service's communication which was done by the company for the user of airport's service particularly the user of 2F station's facilities of Soekarno Hatta Airport.
The objectives of this research were to see there some influences of Customer Service's communication and how many influences which was offered from PT. Angkasa Pura II (Persero). This research used Quantitative Approach with Survey Method at Soekarno Hatta Airport's area. This research used 100 sample of respondent especially the passengers of Garuda Indonesia with present 32 declarations with Tangible, Responsiviness, Reliability, Asurance, and Emphaty variables.


CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON ATTITUDES TOWARD THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: A FOCUS ON THE FILIPINO AMERICAN COMMUNITY Moises Osias Mina, Jr. Old Dominion University Director: Dr. Randy R. Gainey Based on the Individualism-Collectivism (I-C) perspective and elements of Cullen's social support theory, the present exploratory analysis tested for differences in individualism and collectivism and the potential impact of such differences on attitudes toward criminal justice constructs. Survey participants were Philippine residents, Filipino immigrants to the United States, and US-born Filipino Americans. Initial results suggested minimal variations in individualism and collectivism among the three groups, however, more significant differences were found when respondents were grouped by country o f birth, with US-born Filipino Americans exhibiting lower scores in collectivism and, unexpectedly, in individualism. Measures o f specific I-C traits, such as independence, familism, bayanihan (community spirit), and pakikipagkapwa tao (concern for others) were found to correlate with attitudes toward a number o f criminal justice constructs examined, though not always in the hypothesized direction. Lower scores in collectivist trait measures were indicative of less favorable attitudes toward rehabilitation, restorative justice, and collective efficacy. Higher measured levels of individualism corresponded with more favorable attitudes toward punishment. Discussion included implications for the Filipino American community and avenues for further research. This dissertation is dedicated to my family. First and foremost, to my wife Margaret for her endless words of encouragement, love and support, and for being my inspiration throughout. Without you, this work would not have been possible. I thank my children for their support and my grandchildren for their stimulating presence. This work is also dedicated to the memory of my parents, Moises (Sr.) and Ceferina Mina. I am grateful for their guidance in my youth, for giving me direction, and for instilling in me, at a very early age, the importance of educational achievement.


The article aims to outline and then solve architecture's long-lasting existential crisis by proposing a professional framework as a way of understanding architectural theories. 1 Architecture is not a profession In architecture's 8,000 years or more years of existence, it has had about 112 distinct architectural styles (not counting regional differences)[13]. Each style represents a theory or a subset of one. More than half of these theories were formed in the past 250 years a mere 3% of architecture's lifespan. At this rate you will encounter 10 more architectural theories during your average career. Simply put, architecture has an existential crisis. Existential crisis a stage of development at which an individual questions the very foundations of his or her life: whether their life has any meaning, purpose or value. An existential crises creates two problems. The first is that we are unable to define goals unanimously as an profession. Without goals, our efforts become divided and ineffective towards serving society. Uncertainty has spilled over into our schools of architecture. Thirty years ago Christian Norberg-Schulz charged that "the schools have shown themselves incapable of bringing forth architects able to solve the actual tasks." Things are no different today although we are more likely to meet with challenges to the very notion of "the actual tasks". Do we know what these tasks are? (Karsten Harries[7]) The second problem is that we lose a professional foundation. We are unable to be disciplined in our actions, measure standards of success, and focus on the needs of society. These are all professional traits that a foundation provides. [A profession is] A disciplined group of individuals who adhere to high ethical standards and uphold themselves to, and are accepted by, the public as possessing special knowledge and skills in a widely recognised, organised body of learning derived from education and training at a high level, and who are prepared to exercise this knowledge and these skills in the interest of others. Inherent in this definition is the concept that the responsibility for the welfare, health and safety of the community shall take precedence over other considerations. (Australian Council of Professions[2])


o, n Hiroshima Day, 6 August 1985, eight South Pacific countries signed the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone (spnfz) Treaty at a South Pacific Forum meeting in Rarotonga in the Cook Islands. The Rarotonga Treaty, as it is known, is the fifth nuclear-free zone (nfz) treaty to be established internationally and the first since the Outer Space Treaty was signed in 1971. The only previous nfz to be established in an inhabited region is the Latin American nfz (Tlatelolco Treaty). The treaty is highly selective in its scope and application. On the one hand, it prohibits nuclear-weapons testing and acquisition, land-based stationing of nuclear weapons, and nuclear-waste dumping at sea. On the other, it contains no controls over military ship, submarine, or aircraft transit and associated mobile deployment of nuclear weapons, either on or over the high seas or in or over territorial waters within the zone. Nor does it prohibit the firing of nuclear weapons from the zone, so long as the launch platforms are not land-based and the targets do not lie within the land territories in the zone (for a detailed analysis of the treaty's content and limitations, see Hamel-Green 1990, 24-54). The limited character of the zone raises several questions. First, what were the motivations and interests that led Australia, as the initiator of the treaty, to pursue a partial rather than more comprehensive denucleariza tion measure? Second, why did the South Pacific Forum island states, with their long-standing distrust of nuclear "colonialism" generated by past and continuing nuclear-weapon and missile-test programs in the Pacific, sup port such a limited measure? Third, what are the regional consequences of


Quoted risk is object and losses,bidder must correctly assess quoted risk if he hopes to manage project successfully.The article has built unit price risk assessment model,quantified subproject risk losses,gotten quoted risk cost and risk ratio.According to the importance of risk factors,we can find the critical risk control point and date back to subproject existed risk.At last the article exemplified risk assessment model with an engineering bidder in Hangzhou,which determined risk ratio by project character and bidder's actual strength.


Among luminosity upgrades presently being considered for the LHC are those that require changes to the insertion optics and magnet systems; changes to the existing inner triplets, quadrupoles placed closer to the detectors, and beam-splitting dipoles placed very close to and even inside the experiments at the high-luminosity interaction regions. The modifications of these magnet systems create challenges for both the experiments and for the magnets themselves. In this paper, we will discuss some of those issues and possible solutions and R&D paths.


This article reexamines the thesis first put forward by Jean Bourgeois-Pichat according to which the distribution of deaths in the first year of life is governed by a universal law. An examination of data from a number of countries for both past and present populations shows no such single and universal distribution though it does reveal the existence of a number of distinct patterns which are subject to change over time. The disparity between the observed data and those predicted by `Bourgeois-Pichats law cannot be taken as a systematic guide to the quality of the data although it may provide a clue to the problems affecting these data. (EXCERPT) (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)


Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix (AP) and Acanthopanacis Cortex (AT) extracts in bone-derived adipocyte OP9 cell, osteoclast and osteoblast-like MG63 cells. Methods : MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of AP and AT extracts on OP9, osteoclast and MG63 cells. OP9 cells were treated with AP and AT, and the alterations in fat storage in the cells were determined by the Oil red O. To explain effects of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone 대한한의학 방제학회지 제22권 제1호 (2014년 6월) Herbal Formula Science(HFS) 2014;22(1):151~165 152 marrow macrophages, we performed the TRAP staining. The protein level of CAAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) as a adipocyte differentiation marker, and adiponectin was examined using western blot in differentiated OP9 cells. Effects of related genes were confirmed by luciferase assay using reporter assay. Results : AP and AT was not toxic on OP9 and MG63 cells, but AT was a little cytotoxic to osteoclast at the dose of 100 μg/ml. They could inhibit differentiation of OP9 cells and osteoclast with results of oil red O staining and TRAP staining. By western blot, AP and AT decreased the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα which is the key transcription factor in adipogenesis and adiponectin secretion. AT also inhibited the BMP-4 activity in luciferase assay. AP also inhibited BMP-4 and Wnt3a activity, stimulated ER-β activity but inhibited androgen receptor activity. Conclusions : These results show AP and AT can be useful in osteoporosis and obesity via inhibition of osteoclast and adipocyte differentiation. Keyword : Osteoclast, Adipocyte, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, Acanthopanacis Cortex, PPARγ, BMP


This paper reports a simple fabrication process of Si "twin nano wires" based on As dopant effect which gives rise to a significant increase of the oxidation rate at the peak concentration of As. The processing procedures consist of As doping, deposition of silicon nitride layer, electron beam lithography, reactive ion etching, wet oxide and deposition of polysilicon. The resulting Si "twin nano wires" have a small top wire with a dimension of 10 nm and a triangular channel wire with a height of 250 nm. A possible application of the "twin nano wires" to a future single-electron memory device on silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer is also discussed.


The targets of this study were to determine the effect of vertical location and the composition of inclusions to the occurrence of oxide–sulfide stringers, and to determine the calcium aluminate phases most prone to form stringers during hot rolling of aluminium killed, calcium treated steel. The phases present in the inclusions have a significant effect on the deformation of inclusions during hot rolling, and consequently, on mechanical properties of the steel. A MATLAB script is utilized to identify and locate detrimental stringers from the hot rolled plates. Inclusion analysis data gathered with a scanning electron microscope and exported from IncaFeature software is analyzed. The following properties are presented for each stringer: the number of inclusions and length of stringer, phase fractions and compositions, and the composition of the unfragmented inclusion before hot rolling. According to the results, the longest stringers have total lengths over 200 µm, with almost 20 inclusions. The overall composition of the longest stringers is between C12A7 and C3A calcium aluminates with minor MgO contents. The diameters of the unfragmented inclusions in the slabs, forming stringers during hot rolling, were estimated to be around 20 µm for the longest stringers. From the dataset, plenty of CaO–CaS stringers were also characterized, obviously a result of excess calcium treatment.


Global surrogate models are presented for antenna elements in large phased arrays, to cheaply and accurately model scan-dependent impedance and radiation responses for systems with wide-angle scanning requirements. Adaptive sampling combined with rational and Kriging interpolation is found to produce accurate, convergent models within 50 full-wave EM simulations of a patch element within a planar PBC unit cell.


Gapping is a rule which has received much attention from the earliest work in transformational-generative grammar, but which has still not been formulated exactly. In this paper, I will propose a new analysis of Gapping, showing that the failure of previous analyses in formulating such a rule is due to the fact that they have proceeded from the wrong premises that Gapping is responsible for all sorts of examples in which clause-internal gaps appear, and that it needs to be characterized on the basis of all the elements within a clause.


This paper provides speech-language pathologists with information they can use to assist general and special education teachers of kindergarten and primary level students in creating a literate environment for reading and writing instruction. Included is a discussion of those aspects of the preschooler's rich literate environment which promote reading and writing development and specific suggestions for teacher modeling for organizing and managing the classroom, and for providing a range of meaningful reading and writing opportunities. Instruction which incorporates these suggestions is intended to extend and refine children's written language skills acquired prior to school and to provide a transition from the informal instruction offered in the home environment to the formal instruction found in the schools.


List of Figures.Chapter Summaries.PART ONE: Theory.Chapter 1: A New Paradigm?Chapter 2: Traditional Valuation Approaches.Chapter 3: Real Options Analysis.Chapter 4: The Real Options Process.Chapter 5: Real Options, Financial Options, Monte Carlo Simulation, and Optimization.PART TWO: Application.Chapter 6: Behind the Scenes.Chapter 7: Real Options Models.Chapter 8: Additional Issues in Real Options.PART THREE: Software Applications.Chapter 9: Introduction to the Real Options Valuation's Super Lattice Software and Risk Simulator Software.Chapter 10: Real Options Valuation Application Cases.Chapter 11: Real Options Case Studies.Chapter 12: Results Interpretation and Presentation.Case Studies and Problems in Real Options.Answer to Chapter Questions.Notes.About the CD-ROM.Index.


In view of the fact that the traditional Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition system of the wind turbine generator system gradually fails to meet the interface protocols compatibility of hardware equipments and multi-platform supporting requirements,we aim to propose a solution to the remote supervisory control system based on the OPC-XML-DA technique.This solution is characteristic of applying the Browse/Server(B/S)mode with the Web service layer as a middle layer to the wind turbine generator system.In this paper,we describe the framework,design method of the B/S mode and analyze the architecture of OPC service and the function realization.This method has been applied to 1MW'remote supervisory control system and practiced successfully.


This paper reports the first implementation of a narrow-band filter exploiting two electrically coupled high performance X-cut Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3 or LN) Laterally Vibrating Resonators (LVRs) operating around 108 MHz. By selecting the proper coupling capacitance at the common node, the series of identical resonators attains a bandpass response with insertion loss of 2.8 dB and an average return loss of 10 dB in 300 kHz with $50\ \Omega$ terminations. The group delay is approximately $1.8\ \mu\mathrm{s}$ and it varies less than 7% inside a 0.09% fractional bandwidth (BW%). The out-of-band rejection is > 60 dB and the 20dB-shape factor is 2.33. This filter topology is a perfect candidate for spectral sensing and interferes removal in new Radio Frequency (RF) modules, as the channel selective filter exhibits low losses and narrow-band response combined with constant group delay and high rejection, within a simple 2-mask process fabrication and small form factor. The overall performances can be further improved through a monolithic integration of the filter, drastically reducing the impact of parasitics coming from the test board. Simulated and measured results are shown along with an even-odd mathematical analysis.