This is an extensively revised and expanded edition of a rather popular textbook of general clinical endocrinology. It is made up of contributions from 21 authorities and represents a body of reasonably comprehensive material. The text continues to be of value to any clinician, and chapters concerning endocrine influences upon growth and development, genetics and endocrinology, parathyroid function, and disorders in sex differentiation are of particular pediatric interest. Sections on lipid metabolism, hormones and cancer, water and electrolyte metabolism, and the pineal gland are valuable additions to the revised volume. Bibliographic entries are often highly selective; in several instances this selection proves to be a definite weakness. There are other more notable weaknesses. Certain chapters are so broad as to sacrifice essential excursions beyond the superficial. Hence, chapters dealing with the testis and adrenal leave much to be desired, while a section on the diagnosis and treatment of endocrinopathies might


To the Editor. —I read Dr Finkelstein's 1 editorial in the November 1985 issue of theArchiveswith a jaundiced eye (pardon the pun). Does he really believe that the printed matter in "non-peer-reviewed publications" is taken asArchives of Ophthalmologygospel? Certainly ophthalmologists can decide for themselves which statements have merit and which are pure promotionalism. Although I agree that only a randomized, doublemasked, prospective study can scientifically answer a question, sometimes pure clinical conjecture is responsible for the creation of just such a study. Clinical observations pose the question concerning panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy, photocoagulation for neovascular membranes in involutional macular degeneration and histoplasmosis, and in the PERK study. Sometimes the observation precedes the explanation. New ideas, impressions from years of clinical practice, or radical deviations from the standard of practice of ophthalmology do not appear in peerreviewed publications, and that is unfortunate. The original article on


Purpose-This study aims to explore the entrepreneurship profile of the Pakistan university students (Peshawar region) and evaluates their entrepreneurial inclination by making comparison with non-entrepreneurially inclined students. In this study the entrepreneurial profile of the students is constituted by six traits namely need for achievement, innovativeness, locus of control, risk taking propensity, tolerance for ambiguity, self-confidence. A random sample of master students (n = 137) from two Peshawar universities was adopted for the study. A question "what are you planning to do after completion of your studies" was asked the students to differentiate entrepreneurially inclined students from non-inclined. Respondents with answers that "I am planning to start my own business" were taken as potential entrepreneurs. Then the entrepreneurial characteristics of these students were subjected to comparative analysis with other students who do not plan to start their own business. A 31 item questionnaire is used with questions related to the student's entrepreneurial inclination and six entrepreneurial traits with Likert type items. The results of t-test showed that except for tolerance for ambiguity and self-confidence all entrepreneurial traits are found to be higher in entrepreneurially inclined students as compared to non-inclined students. It means these students rated higher score on five traits except the one. This study is restricted only to the master students only, and the percentage of the entrepreneurially inclined students is low (27 per cent). Also, only the study restricted to two universities, could be conducted on a wider basis. This study probes entrepreneurial characteristic providing a clear understanding of entrepreneurial education, as to which entrepreneurial characteristics can be developed to produce good entrepreneurs.

 Key words: Entrepreneurship, students, education, Pakistan.


Decision Support Systems have significance, as today firms turn to big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to guide strategy development and improve organizational performance. However, technology is not enough; human intelligence is necessary. This paper introduces Artificial Intelligence to the Emotional Intelligence Model, which blends technology and humanity to support strategic decision-making. Such a model builds on the Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy and knowledge management to integrate five types of intelligence. The consumer electronics retail giant Best Buy is used as a case to illustrate the relevance of the model. The presented framework provides a powerful, mental model to support organizational strate-gists and business executives.


The human to a human interface is a state of the art project which will lay grounds for the development of a simplified prototype for the demonstration of Neuroscience. Through this, we will try to create a feasible way to control the actions of the subject on the base level, which is arm movement. This will enable us to understand the behavior of the muscles and their response to external stimuli. We strive to create what is aimed at being a step further in human-aided computer intelligence through the use of neuroscientific principles.It will also establish a basis for further development and provide insight on the possibilities in this field. This project consists of the controller, which is the input end of the system. It feeds the processing unit with the nerve signals from the Radial, Median and Ulnar nerves of the hand. The Processing unitis the heart of the system. It processes the incoming data. This is transmitted to the subject via the Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Unit or TENS Unit, which is a device used to stimulate the subject's nerves through controlled pulses of microcurrents. The Subject is the person who receives these signals through electrodes. This will cause the subject's muscles to move involuntarily.


Introduction/Background Medical students undergoing their two week anesthesia clerkship have a two hour high fidelity simulation course that occurs at the midpoint. Scenarios are geared toward the induction of anesthesia and peri induction planning, skills and event management. Objectives include selection of drugs for induction, intubation, treatment of light anesthesia, hypotension and hypoxemia. Skills objectives include mask ventilation and intubation with an anesthesia breathing system, manual and mechanical ventilation with an anesthesia machine and the use of the IV system, suction and other basic anesthesia supplies. Prior to the simulation course, students work in the operating room as part of the anesthetizing team and observe and perform many of these skill objectives. The goal of this simulation course is to increase knowledge and skill through a team based, experiential exercise in a simulation lab that provides a safe learning environment. Classical simulation course methodology suggests that debriefing should last approximately twice as long as the case. This format inverts that ratio and allows most of the learning to occur while physically engaged with the simulator environment, mentally engaged in the clinical case and socially engaged with the team. Experience is a valuable teacher, as long as there is feedback. The simulator equipment and environment provide a great deal of feedback on their own and perhaps there is no greater predictor of being able to perform than to have done it before. This reframes the instructor's role as largely facilitation of learning rather than provider of knowledge. It has also been our experience that multiple learners are able to combine their knowledge and abilities to solve problems beyond the capacity of any single learner. Methods The hypothesis is that students continuously engaged in appropriate but authentic clinical tasks, working as a team will rapidly gain clinically relevant skill and knowledge with only moderate intervention from an instructor. The key design elements that facilitate this process are: 1) Assignment of authentic anesthetic tasks that can transfer into clinical care; 2) Scenario design and role assignment that absolutely requires teamwork; 3) Allowing experiential learning by individuals and the team; 4) Providing only the minimal amount of instructor guidance on a just-in-time basis; 5) Creating tasks that make successes and gaps readily observable; 6) Short debriefing sessions to reinforce successes and address gaps. The course is run with groups of four students in their 3rd ad 4th year of medical school and lasts 2 hours. The students perform four inductions of anesthesia with graded difficulty, following a short prebrief and demonstration by the instructor. Compared to the previous course format, all students are actively involved in four cases and the debriefings are shorter and more focused. The four task stations are as follows: 1) Floating team leader; 2) Head of patient (airway management); 3) Anesthesia machine (ventilation and inhalational anesthetic managment); 4) Anesthesia cart (drug dosing and administration). Each of these task stations absolutely requires coordination of activities with the other stations, which promotes teamwork and situational awareness. During each case, students encounter challenges. In some cases a student is able to work through the challenge without assistance. If this is unsuccessful, the student may ask his peers for assistance and if this is not successful, the instructor provides the minimal guidance necessary to allow the case to progress as intended. The pacing of the exercise allows for experimentation, peer assisted learning and stop and go debriefing interventions by the instructor. After each case, successes and gaps are reviewed in a plus delta format for approximately five minutes. The instructor remains in the room throughout the exercise and in our case, also operates the simulator. The fours cases typically used are: 1) Healthy 35 year old man scheduled for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair; 2) 35 year old obese smoker scheduled for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair; 3) 35 year old obese man with a full stomach and an acute open tibia/fibula fracture requiring emergent operative fixation; 4) 80 year old man with hypertension, a full stomach and an acute open tibia/fibula fracture requiring emergent operative fixation. With each successive case, students rotate by one station. This allows each student to experience new challenges and frames with each case and also help his peers with stations he has "mastered" already. The peer teaching interaction provides another layer of reinforcement, enabling bidirectional and team communication around a clinical problem. This interaction is perhaps the hidden curriculum in teamwork and professionalism. One other component that this format provides is just-in-time teaching. Teachable moments are easily observable by physical actions, simulator cues and verbal communication. If a student is able to perform a task successfully and correctly, no instructional time needs to be wasted. If a student needs assistance peer assistance often achieves the educational objective and has positive effects for the peer teacher as well. Situations that require instructor intervention are on an as needed basis, reducing the use of excessive instruction to achieve the educational objectives, creating a more efficient learning activity. Results: Conclusion Instructor survey demonstrated a greater perceived level of student participation in the exercise and completion of learning objectives. A student survey, followed by focused interview elucidated student perceptions on learning in this format. A summary of the findings are as follows - Being allowed to struggle in a position of responsibility promotes active thinking and participation. Individual students were able to look to their peers for help. The act of peer teaching helped solidify knowledge. The platform for peer teaching is provided by dividing the anesthesiologist's role into achievable parts. Instructor intervention prompted students to think structurally about clinical problems. Debriefing sessions provided a framework to approach future problems. Working with same level or near peers was a new and valuable experience for medical students during their clinical years. Students generally felt safer struggling in a peer group compared to traditional hierarchical teams. Teamwork attitudes were uniformly positively affected. With the appropriate time permitted for struggling, the teaching strategy enhances learning through active participation and peer teaching. A simulation session conducted in such manner offers an educational experience that complements the traditional lecture and clinical exposure model. It helps students build a framework of knowledge, skil, and attitudes that may not have been apparent or available to them in the clinical setting or otherwise. References 1. Beard, J. H., O'sullivan, P., Palmer, B. J. A., Qiu, M., & Kim, E. H. (2012). Peer assisted learning in surgical skills laboratory training: A pilot study. Medical Teacher, 34(11), 957-959. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2012.706340. 2. Friedlander, M. J., Andrews, L., Armstrong, E. G., Aschenbrenner, C., Kass, J. S., Ogden, P., Schwartzstein, R., et al. (2011). What Can Medical Education Learn From the Neurobiology of Learning? Academic Medicine, 86(4), 415-420. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e31820dc197. 3. Hallikainen, J., Väisänen, O., Randell, T., Tarkkila, P., Rosenberg, P. H., & Niemi-Murola, L. (2009). Teaching anaesthesia induction to medical students: comparison between full-scale simulation and supervised teaching in the operating theatre. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 26(2), 101-104. doi:10.1097/EJA.0b013e32831a6a76. 4. Hanson. (2013). Qualitative Research Methods for Medical Educators. Acad Pediatr, 1-12. 5. Kamdar, G., Kessler, D. O., Tilt, L., Srivastava, G., Khanna, K., Chang, T. P., Balmer, D., et al. (2013). Qualitative Evaluation of Just-in-Time Simulation-Based Learning. Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, 1. doi:10.1097/SIH.0b013e31827861e8. 6. Lockspeiser, T. M., O'Sullivan, P., Teherani, A., & Muller, J. (2006). Understanding the experience of being taught by peers: the value of social and cognitive congruence. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 13(3), 361-372. doi:10.1007/s10459-006-9049-8. 7. Orledge, J., Phillips, W. J., Murray, W. B., & Lerant, A. (2012). The use of simulation in healthcare. Current Opinion in Critical Care, 18(4), 326-332. doi:10.1097/MCC.0b013e328353fb49. 8. Thomas, D. R. (2006). A General Inductive Approach for Analyzing Qualitative Evaluation Data. American Journal of Evaluation, 27(2), 237-246. doi:10.1177/1098214005283748. Disclosures None.


Introduction My own mode of discussing Douglas Husak's excellent new book, Overcriminalization, (1) is by comparing the theory that book defends--what Husak calls "minimalism"--with a theory with which I am already familiar, namely, my own brand of legal moralism. (2) Both theories purport at least to be theories about the same thing: the proper aims and limits for criminal legislation in a liberal, democratic state. This topic is often called "the limits of the criminal law," which is indeed the subtitle for Husak's book. My motives for discussing Overcriminalization by comparing it to my own theory are not entirely narcissistic--as in, "enough about me, let's talk about you, namely, what do you think about my theory?" I have two more legitimate motives for the contrastive technique animating this essay. The first stems from Husak's observation that legal moralism is the "most important rival" to his own minimalist theory [196]. It may thus be a useful heuristic to understanding minimalism to contrast it to its closest real competition. Second, Husak regards his theory as being "vastly superior" to all other extant theories of criminal legislation, legal moralism included [159]. Comparing Husak's theory to its closest competitor may allow us to gauge the extent of this vaunted vastness. I shall do four things in the body of this essay. The first is to give some background for Husak's minimalist theory and for my own legal moralist theory. Both theories should be seen against a backdrop of two kinds of debates that for the past 150 years have preceded both of us on this topic. Second, I shall describe Moorean legal moralism and Husakian minimalism in terms of their essential tenets. Third, I shall highlight several of the many points on which the two theories agree. Fourth, I will then contrast the theories on the points on which they disagree, suggesting along the way why I (perhaps obtusely) refuse to see why minimalism is superior to legal moralism along each of these axes of disagreement. Earlier Debates on the Proper Reach of Criminal Legislation The proper reach of the criminal law has long engaged the interest of leading political philosophers and has not been the bailiwick of criminal law theoreticians alone. The Anglo-American debate began with the publication of John Stuart Mill's On Liberty in 1859, in which Mill defended his famous "harm principle." (3) The harm principle is both positive and negative. (4) Positively, it permits the use of the criminal law to prohibit behavior harmful to people other than the actor or those who consent to the behavior; negatively, it forbids the use of the criminal law to prohibit behavior that is merely offensive or that is popularly regarded as immoral, even if such behavior is not harmful to anyone, and it forbids the use of the criminal law to prohibit behavior that harms only the actor himself. Often unrecognized is that Mill pressed his harm principle into dual service: the principle both defines a sphere of action immune to state regulation, and it delineates the permissible aims of criminal legislation. (5) The first of these protects only some citizen actions from criminalization for any reason, whereas the second protects any citizen action from criminalization for only some reasons but not others. Mill's most famous critic in the nineteenth century was England's foremost expositor of the criminal law, Sir James Fitzjames Stephen. (6) Stephen argued that any attempt to limit the state's power to criminalize behavior was illegitimate in a democracy in which the majority's right to rule included the right to decide which conduct it would not tolerate. Stephen buttressed this argument of political theory with a famous conceptual objection: no behavior is truly without its harmful effects on others, and so the harm principle can provide no limit on the subject matter of criminal legislation. (7) This grand debate in political theory has continued into our own time, with Herbert Hart defending a version of Mill's view (8) and Lord Patrick Devlin echoing Stephen's majoritarian and socially conservative position. …


Perineural invasion (PNI) is a pathologic feature associated with a poor prognosis in many human malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OSCC is a surgically treated cancer in which the PNI status is routinely reported and is regarded as an adverse feature according to treatment guidelines. Despite the wide implications of PNI in the clinical management of OSCC, controversies exist regarding the diagnosis, prevalence and clinical significance of PNI, especially for early T1-2 OSCC. The objectives of this review are to discuss the available evidence and limitations regarding the clinical significance and application of PNI. This review focuses on the roles of PNI in T1-2 OSCC for the prognostication of oncologic outcomes and for guiding clinical management including neck dissection and postoperative adjuvant therapy. Current evidences suggest that PNI is an important adverse pathologic feature of T1-2 OSCC, and that it is primarily associated with cervical lymph node metastasis and poor survival. Most reported data support the idea that T12N0 OSCC with PNI requires aggressive elective neck dissection. However, evidence is lacking for the role of postoperative adjuvant therapy in the improvement of locoregional control or survival of T1-2 OSCC with PNI as the only indication. Patient with low-risk T1-2 OSCC in which PNI is the only adverse feature should be informed about the risks, long-term toxicities and benefits regarding postoperative adjuvant therapy so that they can participate in individual decision making.


OBJECTIVE: Ghrelin is an appetite hormone activates food intake and participates in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Ghrelin and leptin levels are influenced by body fat. The aim of the study was to compare fasting ghrelin and leptin levels between obese and non-obese subjects and to investigate possible correlations of these peptide hormones with body mass index. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective comparative study, conducted in the Department of Physiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty subjects age range 22 to 52 years were included in this study. These subjects were divided in two groups according to body mass index (BMI). The 30 subjects age (36.50 ± 1.76) with BMI >25, (32.88 ± 0.83 kg/m2) were considered obese (16 women and 14 men) and 30 subjects age (37.07 ± 1.81) with BMI<25 (21.08 ± 0.42 kg/m 2 ) were considered non-obese (21 women and 9 men). In all participants, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Fasting blood sugar, ghrelin and leptin levels using kit were determined. RESULT: In obese, BMI (32.88 ± 0.83, P<0.01) was significantly higher as compared to non-obese controls (21.08 ± 0.42). Comparing obese to non-obese subjects ghrelin level was significantly decreased (172.09 ± 3.37 vs. 288.98 ± 4.59; p<0.01) and leptin levels was significantly increased (56.28 ± 4.15 vs. 22.30 ± 3.02; p<0.01). Triacylglycerol showed significant difference (p<0.01) while cholesterol was non significant. BMI was positively correlated with leptin and negatively with ghrelin levels. A negative correlation between circulating leptin and ghrelin levels was found. CONCLUSION: We observed significant inverse relationship between ghrelin and leptin serum levels in obese subjects. Ghrelin might be able to increase the appetite as leptin fails to suppress food intake in obese subjects because of the resistance of hypothalamic centers to leptin


The basic form of the robot is described according to the features of electroplating line,and its moving process is also analyzed.The application of the robot in circular electroplating line is illustrated,providing a new design method for this application.


This paper presents the design and implementation of three-dimensional (3-D) Haar and Daubechies with transpose based method for medical image compression. Due to the separability property of the multi-dimensional Haar and Daubechies, the proposed architecture has been implemented using a cascade of three N-point one-dimensional (1-D) Haar/Daubechies and two transpose memories for a 3-D volume of N×N×N suitable for real-time 3-D medical imaging applications. Two architectures were synthesised using VHDL and implemented on Altera®Cyclone II (EP2C15AF484C6) field programmable gate array (FPGA). Experimental results and an analysis of the area, power consumption and maximum frequency are discussed in this paper.


Extensive dialectological fieldwork conducted in Russia during the last century and oriented primarly on the production aspect has lead to an elaborated knowledge of the dialect division of the Russian language. But nowadays the language situation in the dialect area changes dramatically, dialects degrade, i.e. they converge with standard or disappear. On the background of these processes, our study focuses on the metalinguistic knowledge of naive Russian speakers about the varieties of their ethnic language and on their attitudes towards them. Based on the methodological framework of 'perceptual dialectology' (cf. Preston 1999), we examined the mental dialect maps of Russian living in the metropolises Moscow and St Petersburg as well as in provincial district centres (Kursk and Kirov). We confronted subjects with speech material spoken in different regions of Russia and in the capitals, and we investigated their attitudes towards these dialects in contrast to the standard language. These findings we correlated with judgments concerning the distance between dialect and standard language, on one hand, and dialect and the language variety spoken in subjects' vicinity, on the other hand. In general, the standard variety was found to rank highest on the positive scale, followed by South Russian dialects. North Russian dialects are judged as more distant from standard and connected with a rather negative image. Siberian dialects as convergent varieties evoke less clearcut decisions.


We analyze the generalization properties of two-layer neural networks in the neural tangent kernel (NTK) regime, trained with gradient descent (GD). For early stopped GD we derive fast rates of convergence that are known to be minimax optimal in the framework of non-parametric regression in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. On our way, we precisely keep track of the number of hidden neurons required for generalization and improve over existing results. We further show that the weights during training remain in a vicinity around initialization, the radius being dependent on structural assumptions such as degree of smoothness of the regression function and eigenvalue decay of the integral operator associated to the NTK.


The coagulation conditions greatly affect polyethersulfone membranes on morphology and performance. The membranes were prepared using a solution containing PES/PEG/DMAC. The water flux increases along with the prolonging of pre-evaporation and the increasing of coagulation bath temperature. Porosity increases along with the increasing of coagulation bath temperature, and doesn't have relation to pre-evaporation. The retention rates of Albumin bovine decreases when coagulation bath temperature increases, and first decreases, then increases when pre-evaporation time prolongs. With short time pre-evaporation and low temperature coagulation bath, membrane's supporting layer is small and uniformity sponginess network-structure. With long time pre-evaporation and high temperature coagulation bath, the difference of dense layer, transition layer and more-bore supporting layer is evident. Besides supporting layer has larger and deeper pin-structure.


MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 Adults; Childhood; *Early Experience; Imitation; Learning; *Observational Learning; *Role Theory; Social Attitudes; *Socialization; Social Structure; *Violence This paper tests the idea that the experience of violence in childhood constitutes a factor leading to the approval of adult violence for achieving socially desirable goals. Using the data from a national survey conducted in 1968, the study constructs indexes on interpersonal Violence Approval, National Violence Approval, and Political Violence Approval to measure the following aspects of violence experienced in childhood; observing violence, carrying out violence, and being the victim of violence. By computing the correlation of each measure of violence experienced to indexes of violence approval, the study tests the hypothesis that violence in childhood relates to adult approval of violence. Results show that approval of interpersonal violence most highly relates to experiencing violence as a child. The authors conclude that a "social structural theory of violence" featuring social learning and roie-modeling has more import for the study than does a "culture of violence theory." (Authors/LAA) FILMED PROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY


The psychological buildup, which is perfect in terms of preservation, is based on the functionality of two psychological instances - the unconscious instance and the conscious instance - of the existential shield type. The psychological functionality is realized by the mechanisms of the unconscious instance, which is specialized in the processing of cold information connected to the potential of existence. The paradox we propose to investigate in this paper is the suggestion of a psychological predetermination which would empty the notion of emotion of its meaning. But the emotional dynamics is assured by a component of the interpreter type, which modulates the cold information ready to be translated into hedonic information. Under these circumstances, we could define the person as an informational system endowed with optimism. The mathematical instrument, used in this paper and specific to the theory of relativity, treats the problem of the psychological existence, of the defence mechanism and of the tensional dynamics, by identifying their particularities.


The data of observation in mountain cloud (stratus) in the afternoon at Sugadaira (Naganoken) on 11 Mar. 1963 are studied in detail. Condensation nuclei were detected above about 1% in supersaturation degree and the growth of cloud droplets is illustrated well using different formulae provided that cloud droplets (about 2 microns in radius) appeared from the same air mass. The parallel observation of mountain cloud droplets and condensation nuclei was carried out using a fog droplets sampler and a chemical diffusion chamber at Sugadaira (Naganoken), 1350 m above sea level, on 11 Mar. 1963 (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Topography and site of the observation point (Sugadaira, Naganoken, 1350 m above sea level). 1. Instruments of observation A fog droplets sampler (manual type of impactor), 52.3 cc in volume, was used so that the outdoor air imvolving cloud droplets was drawn through a slit (0.5 mm x 5 mm) to impact droplets at a coverglass of microscope coated with a gelatin thin film (about 50 microns Vol. 42, No, 1, 1964 in thickness) (Uchida, 1962). Impacted droplets leave their spots on a gelatin film and are counted by a phase contrast microscope. The collection efficiency is calculated from Ranz and Wooten (1952), so that if a stream through a slit has a velocity beyond 40 m sec-', droplets larger than 0.5 microns in radius are to be captured above 80% in efficiency and larger than 0.7 microns, in 100%. A chemical diffusion chamber made of acryl plate (10 x 10 x 10 cc in volume) has a gauze enough wetted with water at the upper surface and a hydrochloric acid aqua solution at the bottom (Twomey, 1959). After the chamber is cleaned with the air filtered through an ultrafine filter, the outdoor air (10 cc in volume) is inserted with a syringe tube and after several minutes the activated droplets are counted. The supersaturation degrees are pre-estimated from simple theoretical calculations and number of droplets are captured with an impactor setted at the wall of chamber in the same manner prescrived above. An impaction factor (droplet diameter / spot diameter) was decided by the author with 0.62±0.07 (Uchida, 1962: cf. May, 1961). 2, weather condition A weather map on 11 Mar. is denoted in Fig. 2 and then the weather condition in Sugadaira is presumed as follows : wind direc80 E. Uchida and K. Tsukada Fib. 2. Weather condition at 15 h, Mar. 11, 1963. Fig. 3. Cross section of topography along mean wind direction. tion, N~NNE; wind velocity, 1~3m sec-1; air temperature, 2'.'10°C; dew point, 3 -7°C; visibility, 1540 km; cloud amount, 2.'6; clouds were scattered in low level (cumulus ; cloud base is 100


"BATTLES are ugly when women fight" (Lewis, Lion 105). With this statement Father Christmas makes a clear gender distinction for Narnian characters: while men's natures make them suited to combat, women's natures do not. Since Father Christmas is a Narnian character borrowed from this world, his assertion seems equally relevant to life on earth. While one should not confuse a fictional character's statements with the beliefs of that character's author, other evidence suggests C.S. Lewis's hierarchical understanding of gender, grounded in a medieval worldview, identifies war as a man's realm. Yet women are often central to men's battles, even when those women are conspicuously absent. Remember Helen, ostensibly the motivating object of the Trojan War, which is the subject of Lewis's last incomplete fictional work, "After Ten Years." The connection between women and warfare is equally apparent in medieval chivalry at moments when a knight fights to defend a lady's honor; Lewis exemplified medieval chivalry when he pitted Ransom against Weston in Perelandra, as did J.R.R. Tolkien when he made Gimli the Dwarf belligerent against anyone questioning the primacy of Galadriel's beauty. While not all fighting is over women, much of it is; to be more precise, fighting over women is specifically fighting over exceedingly beautiful women. But, as a sentence written by Lewis, the statement "Battles are ugly when women fight" is somewhat disingenuous. Lewis, along with Tolkien, learned through both literature and first-hand experiences in the First World War that battles are ugly, period, even if only men are involved. Though neither author was a pacifist, neither desired war for war's sake (a viewpoint that placed them at odds with many intellectuals and politicians of modern Europe). Though battle is central to many of their novels, it is a necessary evil, never glorified for its own sake. Furthermore, history and literature record examples of women in combat, with which Lewis and Tolkien must have been at least somewhat familiar. The Amazons are the most obvious example of an entire culture both female and war-like. Greek and Roman history record specific female warriors and military leaders--Artemisia I, Arachidamia, and Triaria, for example--as well as female gladiators and chariot fighters. Similar female warrior figures can be found in ancient African, Asian, and Middle-Eastern histories. Celtic and Anglo-Saxon civilizations produced Queen Boudicca and Aethelflaed, the eldest daughter of Alfred the Great, who died in battle. During the last few centuries of English history women occasionally took combat positions within the British military. While many women warriors disguised themselves as men in order to participate in battle, others went to war openly as women. In addition, while some men's reactions to these women in combat has often paralleled Father Christmas's view, other men have shown respect and admiration for women warriors and even willingly served under their commands. History is not uniform in finding women in combat particularly repugnant. What, then, does Father Christmas mean by such a statement? Is he unaware of the true nature of battle? Does he hold different views on battle than Lewis? Why does Lewis, a few novels later, briefly position Lucy as an archer in combat, rather than in self-defense, which is the only type of fighting Father Christmas condones for females? Women's entrance into combat is contradictory, confusing, and itself a site of conflict within both Lewis's and Tolkien's fantasy fiction. The conjunction of women, battles and ugliness in their work is worth exploring. Survey of Literature Little has been written on this matter. Thirty years ago in an article titled "Brave New World: The Status of Women According to Tolkien, Lewis, and Williams," Doris Myers noted with disappointment that Tolkien and Lewis created men's worlds in their fiction, an unsurprising situation given the masculine orientation of the authors' scholarly and friendship communities. …


The synthesis of Bi3+ doped TiO2 was carried out using the sol-gel method with the precursor solution of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTiP). Bi3+ cation dopant is done to reduce the energy of the TiO2 band gap so that it can be active in the visible light region. The synthesized Bi(III) –TiO2 photocatalyst was characterized using DRS UV-Vis, FTIR, and EDX. The results of the DRS UV-Vis analysis showed that 1% Bi(III) –TiO2 photocatalyst had a bandgap energy of 2.79 eV or equivalent to a wavelength of 469.97 nm. Infrared spectra show that there is a unique absorption at the wave number 956,56 cm-1 which is the absorption of the vibration Bi-O-Ti group. Photocatalyst Bi(III) -TiO2 was then tested for antibacterial activity against E. coli in polluted water. The activity test was carried out using the turbidimetric method by UV-vis spectrophotometry. The results of the activity test for 120 minutes with the help of visible light showed that the photocatalyst Bi(III) –TiO21% had the best antibacterial activity. The decrease in the number of E. coli in the water reached 48.54%.


Remotely controlled plug-type valve shuts off a high-pressure, high-temperature gas flow in a few milliseconds. The valve is actuated by a commercially available electrically initiated squib of low explosive power. More rapid closure is attainable with squibs containing heavier explosive changes.


These guidelines will help you dig out the data you need, as well as apply the information in designing programs and benefits packages.


As global pollution caused by transportation increases, the need for cleaner energy becomes more significant each day. For this reason, one of the recent global technological and scientific tendencies is to develop and include electric vehicles in transportation. In this paper, an Electric Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows was studied by considering two objectives: minimizing the total distance and minimizing the total energy consumption. As a solution method, the well-known Simulated Annealing algorithm was hybridized with a constructive heuristic and a local search heuristic. This algorithm was executed on a set of well-known benchmark instances from the literature separately for the two objectives and the results were presented.


Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) commonly known as lady's finger or bhindi, belongs to the family Malvaceae. It is widely adopted vegetable in Indian kitchens and can be grown round the year. Besides the utility of its tender green fingers as a vegetable, it is used in soups and curries. India ranks first in the world with the production of 3.5 million tonnes (70 % of the total world production) from an area of 0.35 million ha (Veer Bhan Singh and Anil Kumar Tiwari, 2019). In Madhya Pradesh it occupies about 26510 hectares with total production of 305910 MT/ha. The green fruits contain numerous International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 02 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

https://www.ijcmas.com/10-2-2021/Chandan Singh Ahirwar, et al.pdf


Oxygen-15 is one of the most common radioisotopes in Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and has been utilized to assess regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) quantitatively in vivo study. The oxygen-15 can be generated by using a deuteron beam at a relatively low energy of approximately 3 MeV, which enables the use of a small cyclotron, if one intends to produce only this radioisotope. However, a large neutron production requires a large shield, which makes the total size of the system not significantly different from the other cyclotron systems of deuteron energy of 9–10 MeV. We have evaluated a novel approach that reduces the neutron production from the cyclotron to a negligible level by choosing the materials with a large atomic number for the cyclotron parts. Systematic experiments were performed using a Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator to check the feasibility of our approach, in which the neutron production was assessed for realistic energy ranges of deuteron. Neutron production was reduced dramatically in our method, while an enough amount of oxygen-15 was produced. This study suggests that a small oxygen-15 generator is possible and the existing system will be replaced by a new cyclotron based our idea.


Stream-flow is one of the most important of hydrologic measurements, for, it represents the total runoff from a basin and is the resi-dual of precipitation after the demands of eva-potranspiration and soil storage are met. The need for runoff data in different parts of the world is increasing so rapidly that the existing network of stream-gauge stations is either too sparse or has an inadequate period of record. An alternative approach from meteorological data was, therefore, suggested by Thornth-waite (Thornthwaite 1948) whose book-keep-ing procedure for water balance offers a method for the determination of runoff on a monthly basis. The basis of this method as well as other water balance methods is that closed chain of events representing the circulation of water in the atmosphere and over the earth, known as the hydrologic cycle, which constantly redistributes water between the earth's surface and the atmosphere, tending to main-tain a long term balance.


This paper deals with the classification of bulk food grain samples and detection of foreign bodies in food grains. A new method for inspecting food samples is presented, using ANN and segmentation to classify grain samples and detect foreign bodies that are not detectable using conventional methods easily. A BPNN based classifier is designed to classify the unknown grain samples. The algorithms are developed to extract color, texture and combined features are extracted from grains and after normalization presented to neural network for training purpose. The trained network is then used to identify the unknown grain type and it's quality in terms of pure/impure type. A Segmentation based detection model is developed to detect the foreign body in the impure grain samples. This model accepts an impure grain samples, pre-processes and segments the image using two different thresholds T1 and T2 to detect the foreign body in impure image. Finally the success rates are observed from both classification and foreign body detection models and are recorded.


The wine sector has faced increasing pressure in order to fulfill the legal environmental requirements, maintaining a competitive position in a global market. The rising costs associated have stimulated the sector to seek sustainable management's strategies, focussing on controlling the demand for water and improving its supply. These can be accomplished by defining the best practical techniques, using technological means (Best Available Technologies) (Duarte et al., 2004). Some EU Directives were implemented concerning water protection and management. These included in particular the Framework Directive in the field of water policy and environmental legislation about specific uses of water and discharges of substances. The disposal of the untreated waste from the wine sector is considered an environmental risk, causing salination and eutrophication of water resources; waterlogging and anaerobiosis and loss of soil structure with increased vulnerability to erosion (Schoor, 2005). The winery wastewater is seasonally produced and is generated mainly as the result of cleaning practices in winery, such as washing operations during crushing and pressing grapes, rinsing of fermentations tanks, barrels washing, bottling and purges from the cooling process. As a consequence of the working period and the winemaking technologies, volumes and pollution loads greatly vary over the year. Each winery is also unique in wastewater generation, highly variable, 0.8 to 14 L per litre of wine (Schoor, 2005; Moletta, 2009). Consequently, the treatment system must be versatile to face the loading regimen and stream fluctuation. During the peak season (vintage), the winery wastewater has a very high loading of solids and soluble organic contaminant, but after this period, contaminant load decreases substantially. The high concentration of ethanol and sugars in winery wastewater justifies often the choice of a biological treatment (Bolzonella & Rosso, 2007). But the different wine processing method of each winery generates wastewater with specific properties, causing the impossibility to meet a general agreement on the most suitable cost-effective alternative for biological treatment of this wastewater. Several winery wastewater treatments are available, but the development of alternative technologies is essential to increase their efficiency and to decrease the investment and exploration costs (Coetzee et al., 2004). So criteria should be considered in the selection of the adequate technology, such as maximization of removal efficiency, flexibility in order to deal with variable concentration and loads, moderate capital cost, easy to operate and maintain, small footprint, ability to meet discharge requirements for winery wastewater and also low sludge production. On the other hand, small producer with relatively modest financial


Systems engineering as with many other disciplines has a foundational challenge of using evidence as the basis for decisions that need to be made in support of the engineering and operations of systems. This challenge is compounded by increasing complexity and rates of changes of modern systems and the large amount of data that is available from these systems and their environments. To address these challenges and opportunities, systems engineering needs to modernize and develop new methods, processes, and tools to ensure that best objective evidence is habitually applied. The authors propose a framework, a systematic way of leveraging available evidence to make decisions or solve problems, both in the practice of systems engineering and in its application domains. This framework includes the combining of scientific knowledge with data analytics to produce best evidence, and then applying mediating context factors to the evidence to make SE decisions. Lessons learned from evidence‐based practice in other domains, especially law and medicine, are described and incorporated into evidence‐based systems engineering (EBSE). Finally, this article provides examples of applying EBSE in practice within SE as well as in SE application domains.


Objective  We are investigating the role of endometrial histologic pattern in patients with recurrent abortions.

Study methods  The study comprised 123 women who suffered recurrent abortions. All women were scheduled for hysteroscopy in the periovulatory period in addition to the other routine investigations of recurrent abortion. During hysteroscopic evaluation of the cavity, all suspicious lesions were biopsied and subjected to histopathological examination.

Results  Seventy-one women (57.7%) demonstrated normal cavity. Endometrial polyps were found in 12 women (8.9%) and submucous myomas were verified in eight women (6.5%). Intrauterine adhesions were found in 14 women (11.4%). Different congenital anomalies of the uterus were demonstrated in 18 women (14.6%): arcuate uterus (2.4%), bicornuate uterus (2.4%), incomplete uterus (6.6.%) and complete septum (3.2%). Tuberculous endometritis was demonstrated in two cases.

Conclusion  It seems that hysteroscopy and endometrial histology give valuable information in patients with recurrent abortion.


In this paper, we discuss the advantages of using formal medical ontologies to enhance health information systems. In particular, we consider the suitability of the medical ontology Snomed CT for enhancing a health information system developed in the OpenMRS framework. We propose ways in which Snomed CT can be linked to an OpenMRS application, based on our experience of extracting a module of Snomed CT for tuberculosis.


Tribological behaviors of 30 vol% carbon fiber–reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK-1) and 30 vol% carbon fiber/PTFE/graphite-reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK-2) sliding against AISI630 steel under seawater lubrication were investigated comparatively with a ring-on-ring contact test apparatus. The results revealed that PEEK-2 had a lower friction coefficient and much better wear resistance than PEEK-1, especially under a relatively heavy load. Furthermore, PEEK-2 exhibited much better friction and wear properties under seawater lubrication than under dry friction, and it was slightly inferior to that under pure water lubrication due to the corrosive effect of seawater on the surface of AISI630 steel. Additionally, the worn surface morphology of PEEK composites and AISI630 steel were obtained through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy, respectively. The main tribological mechanisms of the friction pair under seawater lubrication were abrasive wear and indirect corrosive wear. The corrosion of the AISI630 surface caused by Cl− and SO4− of seawater performed more dramatically than the lubricating effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the contacted surface and deteriorated the tribological behaviors of the matched material to some extent. This research will provide guidance for materials screening of key friction pairs in seawater hydraulic piston pumps/motors.


The invention discloses a task distribution method for a distributed transcoding system. The distributed transcoding system comprises a plurality of transcoding servers and user terminals on the basis of network connection. The method comprises the following steps of: receiving a transcoding task request submitted by a source user terminal; configuring transmission parameters for the transcoding task request, wherein the transmission parameters comprise the priority parameter; and distributing the transcoding task to the corresponding transcoding server according to the transmission parameters. The invention can enable the distribution of the transcoding task to be closer to the actual demand of the user so as to improve user experience.


From the time of first feeding on plants infected with strawberry virus 3, 10–19 days elapsed before Capitophorus fragariae became infective, a longer 'latent period' than any previously recorded for an aphid-transmitted virus. The time taken for aphids to develop infectivity after leaving infected plants decreased with increasing duration of the infection feed. Aphids which had fed for 16 days on an infected plant caused infection in the first day of test feeding.


Abstract A new adaptive filtering algorithm and structure were developed to resolve epoch-by-epoch variations in single epoch evoked responses. The evoked responses were first modeled as the sum of three uncorrelated signal components; ensemble average, noise, and stochastic signal variation. A two stage time sequenced adaptive filter structure exhibiting improved convergence characteristics estimated the variation component. The modified P-vector algorithm (mPa) was then developed to eliminate tbe need for a separate desired signal. Thus the filter input is also used as the desired or training signal. The mPa adaptive filter was tested using simuIated and human data sets. The mPa filter was able to resolve signal variations on an epoch-by-epoch basis.


The comparative study of electric sounding and drilling is performed in the Bandama Valley region, north of Cote d'Ivoire. This study compared the results of geophysics sounding and the results of corresponding drilling. Geophysical methods using electrical sounding techniques have been implemented such as sounding curves and electric model 1D has been defined. The conclusions drawn from electrical sounding conform to those drilling (presence or absence of a groundwater). However differences exist. The comparative analysis of the allure of some curves of sounding and drilling logs can show dissimilarities in the number of layer, thickness of each layer, the total thickness weathering and of the position fractures in the underground. These differences are the cause of many failures during implantation of drilling in the study area.


The paper presents the results of fundamental research of andragogic systems (personnel training, adaptive, advancing. and open ones) of adult continuing education, conducted at different times in the Institute of Pedagogical and Adult Education of Russian Academy of Education, in different years


Abstract: Application of reliability analysis technique of downhole equipment has greatly helped to
evaluate well equipment life. Reliability analysis is a procedure of combining component
reliabilities into a reliability system. The reliability of a component or system of
components is the probability that it will perform its mission for a specified time interval
under actual use conditions. Reliability analysis has demonstrated the relative safety of
alternative well completions. The technique involves logic diagrams to depict the logical
relation of well components and has generated failure rate data by ranking well-component
seal reliabilities with respect to known values. Results have permitted a ranking of systems
that other types of analysis would not allow. The paper is outlined in detail in the example
of reliability analysis of the surface controlled subsurface safety valve.


This commentary provides insights into auditing standards issues derived from our work with the Auditing Standards Board (ASB) over the last six years. Our roles as the academic members of the ASB included bringing to the ASB's attention research bearing on the issues being addressed and stimulating research related to ASB projects. In this commentary we focus on promising areas of research likely to be helpful to ASB standard setting over the next few years. We ask researchers to bring to our attention current efforts and to consider performing research related to the areas discussed in this paper. Our discussion is structured around recommendations to the ASB included in the Report and Recommendations of the Panel on Audit Effectiveness (2000) (the Panel). Chairman Arthur Levitt of the Securities and Exchange Commission initiated formation of the Panel to assess whether independent audits of public companies' financial statements adequately serve and protect the interests of investors. These recommendations are having a significant effect on the ASB's agenda and will likely shape its agenda over the next several years. Specifically, we address the following four areas in which academic research seems particularly useful: (1) 1. The audit risk model and linkage of risks to audit procedures 2. Fraud risk assessment 3. Going-concern considerations 4. Analytical procedures THE AUDIT RISK MODEL AND LINKAGE The Panel made a number of recommendations regarding the current audit risk model, which describes the components of the risk that the auditor will unknowingly fail to appropriately modify his or her opinion on materially misstated financial statements (AICPA 2000, AU 312.02). At the account level, audit risk consists of: * Inherent risk--the susceptibility of an assertion to a material misstatement, assuming there are no related controls; * Control risk--the risk that a material misstatement that could occur in an assertion will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control; and * Detection risk--the risk that the auditor will not detect such misstatements. Mathematically, the model is often viewed (2) as: Audit Risk = Inherent Risk * Control Risk * Detection Risk It is interesting to note that the ASB deviated somewhat from this model in Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 82 on the consideration of fraud in a financial statement audit. SAS No. 82 requires the auditor to identify risks indicated by various factors and design "focused tests" that are reactive to those risks. This process of reacting to identified risks is not well articulated with the overall audit risk model. While concluding that the audit risk model is "appropriate," the Panel (2000, 10) indicated that the model needs "enhancing and updating." In its recommendations to the ASB, the Panel (2000, 14) states that auditing standards should be made more "specific and definitive" without necessarily paying blind homage to the existing audit risk model. The members of the Panel clearly believe that the existing audit risk model and the related auditing standards do not provide sufficient guidance to direct auditor judgment. Another impetus to reexamine the audit risk model appears in the recently issued report of the Joint Working Group (JWG) composed of members from the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the Auditing Practices Board of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, and the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants. The JWG was formed by these organizations to: * study the methodologies of the large auditing firms; * understand what drives the development of the methodologies; and * consider the effect of their development on the way audit firms apply the audit risk model. (JWG 2000) In discussing the implications of their study of firm methodologies, the JWG researchers question whether current audit methodologies are well described by existing auditing standards (JWG 2000,22). …


spect.8 At our own institution, the breakthrough that allowed us to move toward a culture of safety was sharing with practitioners the pain of a mother whose toddler had died from medical errors. This gave our staff an emotional commitment to improving safety. Care should be both effective and safe. Treating patients with the same respect and regard that we have for family members can motivate greater awareness of the potential risks of treatment and greater personal responsibility for improving safety.


Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the most common type of post-neonatal death in infants aged under 1 year, and is defined as the sudden death of a baby that is unexpected from the baby's history and unexplained by a thorough post-mortem examination ( [Hunt, 1992][1]). Current aetiological


Celebrating Ten Years of Focus on the Rockies Colorado College President Jill Tiefenthaler's Introduction to this Report Card describes the decade-long effort of the college to create its Rockies Project. We appreciate the guidance and support of the college over these years as teams of student researchers have explored key challenges, written reports published in the annual Report Cards, and brought to campus experts able to help the campus and community engage in dialogue. Our-two-year long focus on the Colorado River Basin has brought new dimensions to traditional efforts of the Project. This shared topic covering 2011-12 and 2012-13 has made possible new dimensions to our work and has broadened the project and its outreach. Recent CC graduates have served as field explorers, during 2011-12 carrying out a 1,700 mile " source to sea " kayak trip from the origins of the Green River in Wyoming down the Colorado and to the delta. During 2012, four field explorers traced the origins of the Colorado River near Rocky Mountain National Park to the end of the Grand Canyon National Park, doing water quality studies and interviews with stakeholders. Social media have accompanied these new dimensions to what some call " citizen science " and others describe as " adventurers assisting science. " Original videos, blogs, Facebook posts, and speaking tours, such as a Fall 2012 lecture tour among the northeast Ivy League universities , immensely broaden our outreach in ways that speak to other age groups and constituencies. The Colorado River Basin: A Second Year of Focus The Colorado River Basin, covering a major portion of the eight-state Rockies region and extending into Mexico, has been the unified focus for all parts to the State of the Rockies Project during summer 2011 and the 2011-12 academic year and again for summer 2012 and 2012-13 attention. This basin encompasses portions of seven states in the American Southwest and continues into Mexico, supplying water to households, communities, businesses and farms, as well as natural ecosystems. Roughly 40 million people rely on the river for water, energy, food, and healthy ecosystems. Climate studies indicate the potential for inadequate water supplies throughout the 1,700-mile river system from the origins of the Green River high in Wyoming's Wind River Range to its historic outlet over the Colorado River Delta, emptying into the Sea of Cortez. Along its twisted path arise majestic mountains, deep canyons, tributaries, and …


The only purpose of civil protest lies in correcting the wrong verdicts and protecting the litigant's rights,and is the unification of the two.In this purpose domination,when amending the civil procedure law and perfecting civil protest right,attention should be paid to coordinate the subject of civil protest in legislation,to limit the reason of the civil protest rationally,and to adjust and optimize civil protest program.


Verification and validation of a railway signalling system is a crucial part of the workflow in railway signalling enterprises. Typically, the verification and validation of this type of safety-critical system is performed by means of an on-site test, which leads to a low efficiency and high costs. A novel method for the verification and validation of a railway signalling system is proposed as an application of the enterprise information system (EIS) technique. In this application, the EIS and the simulation test platform are combined together, which enhances the coherence and consistency of the information exchange between the system development and the system verification, to improve the work efficiency. The simulation and auto-test technology used in the system verification also lowers the human and financial costs.


It would seem to be axiomatic that primary teachers are experts in children's literature and its potential for teaching, but such knowledge is far from consistent across the profession. The article analyses why this is so, offering an historical overview and discussion of how English education policy, over time, separated the teaching of reading from the reading of literature and the resulting impact on teachers' knowledge and use of children's texts in the primary classroom.


The contribution of oxygen deficiencies to SrTiO3(001) surface reconstructions is studied using low-energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy. We have prepared a SrTiO3 sample with spatially graded oxygen deficiencies, in which R33.7°-(13×13), (2×1), and R26.6°-(5×5) surface reconstructions are observed while increasing the amount of oxygen deficiencies. This indicates that oxygen nonstoichiometry has an influence on the formation of various surface reconstructions as one of the important factors. This concept is also applicable to other transition metal oxides to prepare atomically ordered surfaces in a reproducible manner.


In the present paper, we propose a new protocol for a scalable multicast key distribution protocol. The proposed protocol is based on Key Management using Boolean Function Minimization (KM-BFM) technique. It is considered one of the best solutions proposed for solving the scalability of multicast security protocols depending on a centralized manager. Instead of using one tree as in KMBFM, the members are divided into a number of subgroup trees. A comparison between KM-BFM and other centralized protocols is detailed. The comparison shows that KM-BFM protocol has the lowest communication overhead. Furthermore, it has the lowest storage at the security manager. Then, a comparison between the proposed protocol and KM-BFM protocol is given. The comparison shows that the proposed protocol has lower storage requirements. Further, it achieves a lower communication overhead in case of a single member leave and a comparable communication overhead in case of multiple leaves.


Living and Learning Communities (LLC) at New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (New Mexico Tech) were originally developed through the Student Engagement and Success (SES) Title V Grant, a United States Department of Education-funded grant, awarded in 2010. The LLC project-based program offers a range of focused research and design themes to firstyear students including sustainability, aerospace, mobile computing, watershed management, and robotics. This paper discusses the New Mexico Tech Aerospace LLC program. Overview and Mission of the Aerospace LLC program The 2015-2016 Aerospace LLC project is the third iteration of an applied research and design course developed to introduce first-year students to the basics of aerodynamics, engineering principles, and experimental testing. Innovating LLC curriculum requires flexibility and continuous collaboration by faculty mentors to modify successful LLC courses as they evolve over the course of the project and in future years. The primary goal of the 2015-2016 Aerospace LLC is to introduce incoming students to the fundamentals of Aerospace Engineering. The Aerospace LLC project curriculum provides in-depth, hands-on, group-oriented learning experiences to first-year students at New Mexico Tech. The restructured Aerospace LLC curriculum now introduces students to the basic concepts of aircraft construction and design, while retaining the best practices determined from a previous focus on rocket nose cone prototyping. Aerospace LLC students will first learn the fundamentals of aerospace engineering including aerodynamics, aircraft layout, and aircraft control. In assigned groups, teams design and fabricate remote controlled aircraft capable of carrying and dropping student-designed payloads onto a designated target. Teams then compete for the best performance, evaluated on their ability to model and predict the flight path of their projectile. Emphasizing communication skills and higher-level thinking, teams evaluate their performance and discuss their results in final oral presentations. Learning Communities at NMT Retaining more students seeking degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is an effective way to meet the increasing national needs for an estimated 1 million STEM professionals over the next decade (PCAST, 2012). Statistical analyses of national data for students seeking bachelor degrees in STEM fields found that "participation and performance in undergraduate STEM coursework are associated with STEM attrition;" students who take a heavier load of STEM courses while maintaining a high GPA in their first year are less likely to leave school or change to a non-STEM major (Chen, 2013). The American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE, 2012) cites learning communities, collaborative projects, and undergraduate research as some of the high-impact educational practices that increase retention in engineering disciplines. Learning communities effectively increase the level of academic challenge, encourage active and collaborative learning, and provide a medium for student-faculty interaction (Kuh, 2008; ASEE, 2012). Learning communities are not only effective in retaining students in STEM majors (ASEE, 2012; Palm IV & Dunn, 2015), high-impact project learning helps students build necessary academic and professional skills (Kuh, 2008; Moening & Weber, 2012) and creates a sense of identity for incoming students as part of the STEM community (Ciston et al., 2011). At New Mexico Tech, LLCs center on collaborative research and design projects that create applied learning experiences, foster community, and facilitate interaction between faculty, learning coaches, and first-year students. New Mexico Tech developed the LLC program through the Student Engagement and Success (SES) Title V Grant, a United States Department of Education-funded grant, awarded in 2010. Researchand design-themed project coursework, direct interaction with research faculty, tutoring and mentoring by peer learning coaches (successful upper-level undergraduate science and engineering students), and a greater sense of community within the institution have created a successful model for increasing engagement and retention in STEM disciplines for undergraduates. Students involved in an LLC are more likely to have higher grades, a higher GPA, higher satisfaction, and higher graduation rates. Because of this success, NMT institutionalized the LLC program in 2015, operating under the Office for Student Learning (OSL). To persist at New Mexico Tech, incoming students need to develop computational and technical skills, early, to achieve academic success in STEM and to keep motivated on the path towards accomplishing their individual educational goals. LLC faculty mentors recognize the importance of building community. Mentors are willing to take a more participatory role in first-year education by developing integrated curriculum that helps students apply introductory concepts to hands-on projects. Coursework centered on a hands-on design and build project gives relevance to introductory courses and concepts through applied learning. The LLC projects help students transition to university life by encouraging them to become actively involved with their own learning. Team-based design projects (typically 20 students divided into teams of 3-4 students), led by faculty and peer learning coaches, give first-year students immediate access to a support network, as well as, the ability to problem-solve by connecting ideas from different disciplines to a themed design project. Project-based learning facilitates building closer social and intellectual relationships between research faculty and new students as they work together to solve real world problems. Aerospace LLC (2015-2016)


INTRODUCTION The micromachining of hard and brittle functional components provides high surface qualities and geometrical accuracy. These requirements can only be met by using a grinding process. There are several grinding processes, like peripheral surface grinding [1], peripheral surface grinding with tilted tool [2], ultrasonic assisted peripheral surface grinding [3,4] and reciprocating face grinding [5]. All of them provide different workpiece surface topographies, even if the same grinding wheel or rather the same grain size and grain concentration are applied. Three different peripheral surface grinding processes have been investigated; the results are presented in this paper. A focus is put on ultrasonic assisted peripheral surface grinding. For this purpose, the analyzed peripheral surface grinding processes are performed without and with an ultrasonic assistance of 22 kHz. Furthermore, investigations with a tilted grinding wheel are described. The angle of tilt is set at different levels between 0 and 40 degrees.


PURPOSE: To prevent an undesirable longitudinal bias magnetic field from being induced in a sense area of a magneto-resistance element at the time of use as a magnetic field sensor by providing a permanent magnet layer on the fixed border of the magneto-resistance element and erasing an internal diamangetic field, and stabilizing the magneto-resistance element which is operated by a pattern. CONSTITUTION: The magneto-resistance sensor where a current flows obliquely is provided with current contact bodies 12 obliquely on both the sides of the magneto-resistance element 10. The center of the magneto-resistance element 10 is arranged in the center between the current contact bodies 12 and end parts of the magneto-resistance element 10 are stabilized by permanent magnet layers 22 and 24. The permanent magnet layers 22 and 24 are separated by a small gap 26 from the end parts of the magneto-resistance element 10. Further, the end parts of the sense current contact body 12 are arranged on both the sides of the magneto-resistance element 10 at about 45 deg. to a magnetism vector M and the contact bodies 12 are arranged nearby the horizontal center between points 28 and 28' crossing the gp 26. A sense current I flows only through the center area and does not flow to an undesirable area 16.


The principles of Buddhism and Jainism started a new era in the history of Indian thought and philosophy. Buddhism became a revolution for the then Indian society and culture. It vehemently opposed the Brahmanical authority and religious orthodoxy. The then political, economic and social circumstances were ripe for the religious and social revolution which emerged as a shape of Buddhism. During 5th and 6th century BCE the caste distinction became a prime factor in exposing the qualities of an individual. Because once position in society was determined by his birth, not by his deeds. The time gave privileges to enquiry into the problems of life and the way to attain eternal happiness and peace. After a long and uncertain journey, Siddhartha (founder of Buddhism) was able to find out the answers to his questions. He attained Buddhatta and came to be known as Tathagata. He devoted his life to the cause of the people how one would refrain from sorrow, from old age, from illness and from death. He liberates himself from the recycle of birth. Buddhism is based on rationalism. It teaches man to depend upon his own knowledge. Buddhism is a religion of individual freedom and endeavour. It always respects the quality of the individual.


This experiment was conducted at the poultry \ Animal Production Department - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, for the period from 25/2/2021 to me 1/4/2021. To study the effect of substitution partial for powder Peel potatoes raw And the enzymatic treatment replaces maize yellow in broiler diets in Productive performance, used in the experiment 231 chicken (Ross 308) were randomly distributed to Seven treatments by 33 chick/treatment, each treatment contains three replicates, and each replicate contains 11 chicks The experiment parameters were as follows: treatment first T1: treatment control Contains maize yellow 48% and treatment the second T2 and the third T3 and the fourth T4 In which raw potato peels were replaced by 6, 12 and 18%, respectively, as for the fifth treatment T5And the sixth T6And the seventhT7It included the substitution of enzymatically treated potato peels with ratios 6, 12 and 18%, respectively. A mixture of enzymes was used at a rate of 0.5 g/kg of potato peels, the traits under study were recorded over three periods from 1 to 10 days starter diet, 11 to 24 days of a growing diet, and from 25 to 35-day final diet according to the production guide for Ross 308. The data indicated the presence of a high decrease (P<0.01) in treatment T4 And the T7 compared to other parameters of body weight rate, weight gain rate, and feed consumption rate feed conversion factor for different periods.


Chronic arterial occlusion is a common arterial disorder, caused by atherosclerosis, trauma, emboli. Among them atherosclerosis is most common cause of chronic arterial occlusion of lower extremities. Arterial narrowing or obstruction occurs as result of atherosclerosis, reduces blood flow to lower limb during exercise or rest. It is manifested by intermittent claudication, rest pain and later the condition leads to arterial ulcer or gangrene formation in lower limb. Thus the disease causes either disability or deformity and is becoming the most common cause for amputation in lower extremities. Epidemiological studies suggest 5% of men & 2.5% of women at 60 years of age or above have intermittent claudication. The prevalence is again three fold higher when diagnosis of arterial insuffiency is made in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. Moreover there is no satisfactory answer from other systems of medicine. Therefore trial was conducted considering the vataprokopa Lakshanas in lower limb with certain Panchkarma procedures & leech therapy, which


Before the Aboriginal peoples of Chukotka were introduced to European culture, they lived a traditional way of life which defined their material and spiritual culture. During the integration into the Russian State, all spheres of their life went through various transformations. This article presents an overiew of the history of Aboriginal peoples of Chukotka (Yupiget, Chukchi, Evens, Koryaks, Chuvans, Yukagirs and Kereks).


l-Pusilline is shown to be identical with β-isosparteine by direct comparison of the bases and of their salts. By mild oxidation with mercuric acetate followed by catalytic hydrogenation, pusilline is converted to d-sparteine, thus confirming its identity with l-β-isosparteine. The sparteine obtained from β-isosparteine derived from lupanoline was d-sparteine, and not the l-form as reported. Oxidation of β-isosparteine with potassium permanganate gives rise to a hydrated 10,17-dioxo-derivative.


Examines the roots of bargaining power in the nature of market structure, financial resources, sub‐situation possibilities and the innate skills of those doing the bargaining. Looks at the effects of these in pricing strategy. Concludes that, although highly "visible" bargaining is not the main determinant of price, but rather one of a series of factors.


This report covers work done under DOE Contract. It describes the development and operation of a 64th order (76th order with control system) model of a 600 MW coal-fired power plant. The model is comprised of a furnace (gas and steam side), feedwater system, turbine, generator, and a conventional control system. Also included are several transient cases run with the model as well as data for initializing the model at several load levels from full load down to 30%. Results of a modal analysis and comments on observability and controllability are also presented. A complete program listing (in both DSL and FORTRAN), cross-reference, and variable description are also included.


THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL MILLING PROCESSES TO THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AL 2024-T3. This research investigated the effect of chemical milling (CHM) processes to the physical and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys AI 2024-n. The etchants used in this research were NaOH + NRzS+ HzO and HCI + HNO] solutions. The first solution was made for one concentration, and the second solution was 4 concentrations, namely 1:2, 2:3, t: I, and 3:2. The number of specimens to be etched for each concentartions was 4 pieces, 2 pieces for one side etching and 2 pieces for two side etching. The CHM process was performed in an etchant reservoir for certain time depending on the type of solution, so that the thickness of specimen decreased from 1.6 mm to 1 mID.The measurement results showed that the first solution has lower roughness compared to the second one, and the 1 : 2 concentration was the finest one among the other concentration in the second solution. Hardness, tensile stress, and crack growth rate ofthe CHM products were then measured. The hardness testing was performed in a Rockwell B scale (HRB) under 980 N load. The experimental result shows that the CHM process decreases the hardness number, approximately 3.7% and 7.2% for one side and two side etching, respectively. The tensile test was conducted in a servo hydraulics testing machine. Due to the CHM process, the ultimate and yield stresses also decrease 2.1% and 3.8% for one side and two side etching, respectively. The cracked specimens were also tested in a servo hydraulics testing machine under 20% stress level and stress ratio (R) of 0.3. The crack extension was monitored using two travelling microscopes which were used for each crack tip. The average of each extension data was then plotted against the respective cycle in full log scale. From the curves, it shows that the crack growth rate is reasonably increased, which is indicated by the increase ofthe exponential value (n) of Paris law, namely 1.6% and 5.2% for one side and. two side etching, respectively. Kata kuncl: Proses chemical milling, sifat fisis daD mekanis, etsa, l!\iu perambatan retak PENDAHULUAN sebagainya. Tetapi untuk komponen-komponen tertentu, misalnya badan pesawat(fuselage) stan sayap pesawat (wing skin), pengerjaan dengan mesin tradisional tidak memungkinkan, karena bentuknya yang tipis clan lebar. Seisin mesin hams mempunyai meja (bed) yang lebar, Pads umumnya, komponen-komponen pesawat terbang dikerjakan dengan menggunakan proses permesinan biasa alan mesin tradisional (traditional machining), misalnya milling, turning, shaping, dan


Noise in hydraulic systems is generated primarily by the mechanical workings of the pump and fluid pulsations exiting the pump as it supplies the flow for the system. It can also be created by any element that causes turbulence or fluid velocity change. Noise is additive, so small amounts of noise from many components can be effectively amplified resulting in a significant noise problem. The transmission of the noise to the operators of the equipment can cause fatigue, nerve damage, and require operators to wear additional hearing protection.


An interactive computer-assisted learning program is described, based on experiments performed on frog skin in vitro, a preparation commonly used to teach the principles of ion transport across tight epithelia. It is aimed at undergraduate students on a variety of biomedical science courses and is designed for use on any IBM-compatible microcomputer. The program uses data derived from theoretical models to allow students to design experiments by altering certain experimental parameters. They can investigate, for example, the effects of changing the concentrations of certain ions on either side of the skin or the actions of certain drugs on either passive or active transport. Such investigations involve taking measurements from a simulated voltmeter, ammeter or radiation (scintillation) counter, as appropriate. The complete learning package includes background information for the student, tutor's notes, and suggested student assignments. The use of the program in teaching physiology and its value as an alternative to animal experiments are discussed.


Crude vermiculite is used as raw materials, heat-treated for activation, leached with a complexing acid, exchanged with sodium solution, following contacted with polyhydroxyl aluminium solution. The Al-intercalated vermiculites are prepared by ion exchange. The phase and microstructure of the composite material are analyzed by means of XRD, TEM, TG-DSC, et al. The results reveal that the basal spacing of vermiculite expanded by intercalation of Al-species, and the interlayer of vermiculite inlaid with a large amount of nanometer Al-species particles.


In the aim of agricultural byproduct valorization and wood resource preservation, composites particleboards have been elaborated from two agricultural residues: flax shives and sunflower bark. The particleboards have been processed by two different ways: with addition of classical synthetic glue (urea-formaldehyde) or without any extern binder. The boards show variable mechanical responses to the process (with or without glue) depending on their flax shives or sunflower bark proportions. The process and the binder used must be adapted to the type of agroresource used to perform these particleboards. All the studied composite materials show good thermal insulation properties. A 100 % biobased particleboard with good cohesion has been obtained from flax shives. MOTS-CLÉS : valorisation d'agroressources renouvelables, anas de lin, panneaux composites thermopressés, écorce de tournesol, propriétés mécaniques et thermiques, résistance à l'eau.


Recently, there were various approaches based on the interactive projection system as a user interface due to its broad applicability to projection surfaces[Wilson 2005][Cao et al. 2007]. Among projection surfaces, whiteboard is regarded as the most appropriate media to interact with people by writing or drawing. Throughout this work, we propose an interactive user interface system and some applications for whiteboard based on the projector. This system supports interactions by hand-drawing detection and simple hand-gesture recognition(moving or clicking).


Korean children's knowledge of appropriate self-regulated behaviors related to the solving of school-based or nonschool-based programs was studied. An attempt was made to determine the grade level (kindergarten, first, third, and fifth) differences in perceptions of appropriate problem-solving behaviors from the perspective of self-regulation research. Twenty male and 20 female South Korean children in Seoul in each of the four grades were interviewed during normal school hours. Primary findings are that Korean children exhibit relatively high levels of self-regulation responses on the interview across all age levels and that for nonschool settings, older children exhibit greater understanding of self-regulation in problem solving than younger children. These age trends suggest an improvement in metacognitive knowledge about self-regulation. The greater awareness of older children in nonschool settings may be an indicator of their more natural responses than responses associated with schooling. An appendix contains the problem-solving interview questions. (Contains 3 tables and 24 references.) (SLD) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Self-Regulated Problem-Solving Awareness Among Korean Children Jeffrey Gorrell Young Suk Hwang Auburn University


The pseudo-Aristotelian treatise Secretum secretorum uses essentially literary techniques to impersonate the voice of Aristotle writing to Alexander the Great about political, medical, and occult topics. John Gower's Confessio Amantis borrows the theme of Aristotle's counsel to Alexander in Book Seven, and its first version is addressed to Richard II, suggesting parallels between Gower and Aristotle as counselors to kings. The comparison of the two texts demonstrates that unlike the Secretum, the Confessio Amantis takes pains to treat Aristotle as a textual rather than embodied authority, displacing the Secretum's concerns with the body and with occult knowledge onto the figure of Alexander's biological father and tutor Nectanabus. While Gower does not impersonate Aristotle, he uses many of the Secretum's techniques as he moves between his various literary personae in the poem, culminating in his return to the embodied and more selfaware character named John Gower.


Strains beyond the elastic limit of concrete cause cracks in concrete structures. This study analysed distributed optical fibre sensor (DOFS) network strain data to identify excessive strain readings, locations and strain patterns of four reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The strain variation inside the RC beams was investigated using a concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) based finite element analysis (FEA) model. The measured bottom surface and bottom rebar strain were considered for investigation. A three-point bending arrangement was used for the loading, and an optical backscatter reflectometer was used to measure the strain. By visual inspections, it has been found that the onset of hairline cracks at the locations of the higher strain readings. The maximum load applied was 16 kN and has not shown any yielding in strain reading acquired from bottom rebars. FEA results showed admissible agreement with the measured lower surface strain and lower rebar strain. Therefore, when developing a robust SHM system, a CDP-based FEA simulation is a valuable tool for data mining of strain data. Furthermore, the strain data extracted from CDP models can be used to train artificial intelligence based SHM models.


In the materialistic tide,the film the Love of the Hawthorn Tree is considered to be the history of the most clean love,actually it is a feelings of nostalgia in those past pure days.Abandoning materialism lust itself and cleaning than love itself,is one of the imagination of love,is longing for pure love.JING Qiu is a kind of poetic existence,as a pure ideal existence,contrast with real people" love" the unrestrained,actually she does not understand loving.


In the following essay, a short tour of the evolution of institutions and regulations in the forestry sector in Colombia, this is intended to propose possible solutions to existing problems in the sector, which go hand in hand with public institutions honest approach to the needs and reality of the sector and country.


The inclusion complex of HF with β-CD has been prepared by various synthetic method such as physical method (PM), kneading method (KM) and co-precipitation method (CP) and characterized by UV, luminescence spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Investigations into the anticancer activity of the solid complex against breast cancer cell line show that it is not much better than that of the HF alone. Both the HF and its solid complex show the poor anticancer activity against MDA MB 231 cell line.


Chronic lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis are progressive, life-limiting conditions that place a burden on both the patient and the healthcare system. Current treatments are aimed at improving symptoms but to date there are no treatments that can alter the natural course of disease. Innovative treatments for these diseases are needed urgently. Autologous cellular therapy shows promise for reducing chronic inflammation, modulating the immune system and promoting healing of tissue. This study is a retrospective review of quality of life scores over the year following autologous cellular therapy and shows both statistically and clinically significant improvement in patients with COPD and pulmonary fibrosis.


A Productivity Analysis is presented for an already completed East Texas well which produces gas at 1-3 MMscf/D from a 16 foot producing interval. The purpose of the analysis is to determine the potential additional production from re-perforating the producing interval or from perforating an additional interval that is not initially perforated. A Productivity Analysis requires a reliable value of the average permeability of each interval that is under consideration. For the subject well, there are no drill stems tests or core analyses to support permeability determinations. A set of open hole logs includes gamma ray, caliper, density-porosity, neutron-porosity, and deep resistivity. By use of computer analysis of the open hole logs, a permeability index is obtained for both the producing interval and the additional interval that may be perforated. For the producing interval, the average of the permeability index is far too small, considering the interval's height and its production rates, leading to the conclusion that the producing formation is probably naturally fractured.


Abstract:Drawing on modern sociological studies of conversion, this paper explores the role of pre-existing social networks and affective bonds in the process of philosophical recruitment and conversion as reflected in Diogenes Laertius' Lives of Eminent Philosophers.


Pond 2, Pond 4, and Pond 5 are inactive reactor cooling impoundments built in 1961 on the R-Reactor Effluent System in the east-central portion of the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina. These precooler ponds are part of the Par Pond cooling water system and are considered part of the Par Pond operable unit. The intent was not to characterize the ponds, but to identify the maximum levels of contamination that could be exposed if the ponds are drained to remove the danger of dam failure.


A random sample of 163 professional therapists in private practice in the San Francisco Bay Area were surveyed on their attitudes toward treatment of homosexuals, diagnostic categories, and other matters. Results indicated a majority had some (limited) experience with (predominantly male) homosexuals, most would use but few preferred group therapy for homosexuals, treatment goals were mixed, change of sex orientation in treatment was minor, but belief in its possibility widespread; there was considerable disagreement with some diagnostic categories, little support for mandatory treatment, near-unanimity on liberalization of the law, widespread support for non-exclusionary employment policies.


The problem of characterizing all real sequences 0 with the property that if 0 is any real polynomial, then 0 has no more nonreal zeros than , remains open. Recently, the authors solved this problem under the additio nal assumption that the sequences 0 , with the aforementioned property, can be interpolated by polynomials. The purpose of this paper is to extend this result to certain transcendental entire functions. In particular, t he main result establishes a converse of a classical theorem of Laguerre for these transcendental entire functions.


Introduction: Optimal management of toxic megacolon as a consequence of Cl. difficile colitis is still matter of controversy, as well as timing of available therapeutic modalities. In this article we report a case of severe C. difficile colitis associated with toxic megacolon in a pregnant patient with Covid 19, who was successfully treated conservatively. Case Report: A 33-years old pregnant woman contracted SARS-CoV-2 in the 32nd week of pregnancy. She was admitted to regional hospital and treated extensively by wide-spectrum antibiotics. After the delivery she developed severe form of Cl. difficile colitis with toxic megacolon. In spite of severe clinical picture, the patient was treated conservatively, with high initial oral doses of vancomycin, with subsequent tapering. The outcome of the treatment was complete recovery and colonic functions were regained completely. Conclusion: In conclusion, our case shows that in younger patients, who were fit before occurrence of Cl. difficile colitis and toxic megacolon, conservative therapy should be tried as long as possible before turning to colectomy, since chances for cure without surgery are considerable.


The yield of white clover in mixed swards is related to the quantity and quality of stolon material surviving the winter (Collins, Glendining and Rhodes, 1991). Winter survival and growth at low temperatures have traditionally been regarded as being negatively correlated characteristics. However, a new medium-leaved clover cultivar, Ac51, has been developed at the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER) which possesses improved winter survival of stolon coupled with enhanced spring growth. Table 1 Amount of stolon surviving in white clover cultivars after winter in 2 years (with LSD at 5% level)


 The first step is material selection (aluminium, steel, carbon fibre, ABS, ...);  The specimen geometry should take into account the standard market offer concerning rectangular cross section size range;  The specimen should be carefully clamped at one end and the other end will be left free for applying the normal loading (Note: the cantilever beam length inserted inside the clamping device should be around twice the cantilever beam width);  The maximum strain at the clamped end should correspond to stress values of around 50% of the yield stress of the selected material (Note: lab weight sets providing a total force of around 25 N are easily available in the market);  The specimen dimensions should be designed in order to provide suitable maximum strain values for the available load range.


The aim of this study is to examine the level of inclusion of child rights in illustrated children's books. Document Analysis was used in this study. Totally 64 illustrated children books were selected via purposeful sampling methods by selecting the first 5-15 books that were sold online in 2019 in Turkey (Kitapyurdu, D& R, BKM) considering most preferred publishers of illustrated children books (Can Cocuk, Yapi Kredi, Is Bankasi, Redhose Kidz, 1001 Cicek, Hep Kitap, Beta Kids). The books were analyzed by descriptive analysis. In this study where the main theme was determined as child rights; sub-themes were determined as the right to life, development, protection and participation. These themes (Karaman Kepenekci and Aslan (2011) were arranged considering the framework determined in their study. Totally 1063 sentences regarding rights were identified in 64 books investigated. 700 of these sentences were regarding participation, 182 were survival, 142 were development and 39 were protection. In this study, it was determined that expressions about participation and life rights of children are more included in illustrated children's books on the other hand expressions about developmental and protection rights were included less. As a result of this research, it was determined that rights were included at different levels in the books.


We use Batyrev-Borisov's formula for the generating function of stringy Hodge numbers of Calabi-Yau varieties realized as complete intersections in toric varieties in order to get closed form expressions for Hodge numbers of Calabi-Yau threefolds in five-dimensional ambient spaces. These expressions involve counts of lattice points on faces of associated Cayley polytopes. Using the same techniques, similar expressions may be obtained for higher dimensional varieties realized as complete intersections of two hypersurfaces.


There are various mastoid chisels in use, some being acutely rounded at the end, some being square, others having concaveconvex bodies and still others being flat. All have their advantages and their disadvantages. Those with markedly rounded cutting edges allow the apex to sink into the bone before the sides, and thus necessitate uncertain chiseling, while the square-edged chisels, with pointed corners, are dangerous, as injury to the nerves, sinus, brain, etc., is liable to be caused by the sharp angles of the lateral edges. To avoid such difficulties and to possess a chisel combining the good and none of the bad qualities of the instruments in general use, I have had made, in six different sizes, a set of chisels which are concave-convex, bevel-sharpened on the front, very gently rounded on the back and slightly rounded on the edge with the corners turned forward so as to inflict no