This chapter covers paediatric urology, and the fourth edition includes the latest guidelines and recommendations (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2013, British Association of Paediatric Urologists 2015). The embryology of the urinary and genital tracts is detailed. The presentation of undescended testes, vesicoureteric reflux, and urinary tract infection and their current management recommendations are included. New sections in the fourth edition include paediatric trauma, nephrolithiasis, uro-physiology, and the foreskin. Megaureter, ectopic ureter, and ureterocele are also covered in detail. Hypospadias and epispadias are covered. This chapter also includes the assessment and management of children with urinary incontinence and nocturnal enuresis.


A beam of parallel particles of given velocity traversing a transparent radiator gives off Cerenkov radiation at a unique angle with respect to the beam direction independently of the point of traversal. Such light can be brought to a ring focus. A Cerenkov counter has been built using this principle. Velocity definition is obtained by using a ring diaphragm on the face of a photomultiplier. The greatest velocity definition is obtained for small angle Cerenkov light; we have chosen 10 degrees. To change the velocity selection without changing the optics the index of refraction of the radiator is varied. The index of refraction may be varied by changing the pressure of a gas near its critical point. The working fluid is Fluorochemical FC-75.1 The index of refraction of FC-75 can be varied continuously from n = 1.15 to n = 1.01 at a temperature of 250°C by changing the pressure. The counter has been tested using 1.8 bev/c π mesons from the Brookhaven Cosmotron; the counting rate vs pressure of the FC-75 has a full width corresponding to less than Δ ß = 0.01.


The current "All-purpose Card" billing system,mostly based on the original bar code card billing system,with poor accuracy and bad performance,and other issues,because of the particularity of the "All-purpose Card" chargeback model.Modern Education Technology Center of Yunnan University analyzed and designed a new public computer lab management system based on the "pre-pays" billing model,and solved the original problem.


From 1994 onward, Bolivia undertook a major reform of its infrastructure sectors. The authors examine the impact of the reforms from the perspective of poor households in the adjacent cities of La Paz and El Alto, particularly in terms of access to services. Different policies adopted across the infrastructure sectors led to diverging outcomes. In the water and sewerage sector, the concessionaire was placed under legal obligation to meet connection targets in low income neighborhoods, while customers were given the facility to spread payment of connection charges over a two year period and opt for a lower cost"condominial connection."As a result the rate of expansion of services increased by 70 percent relative to the pre-reform period. In the telecommunications sector, fixed and cellular services tell very different stories. On the one hand, fixed line services remained inaccessible to the poor due to the membership fee of US$1,500 charged by the cooperative, or the alternative nonmember option of paying a US$23 monthly rental fee. On the other hand, cellular coverage increased tenfold from 1996-99 as the advent of competition led to huge reductions both in connection and calling charges, while the introduction of prepayment cards greatly facilitated the control of expenditure The expansion that took place did not bypass the poor. While first quintile households saw barely any improvement in access to utility services in the period leading up to the 1994 reforms, in the five years that followed coverage rates for these households rose by more than 20 percentage points for water and sewerage, and more than 10 percentage points for electricity and telephones. Overall, 80 percent of new water and sewerage connections and 65 percent of new electricity and telephone connections went to residents in the poorest neighborhoods of La Paz and El Alto.


The abundance of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) in eastern US forests has declined since the 1950s owing to the introduction of the non-native insect, hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae). In southern New England, eastern hemlock is being replaced by the deciduous tree species, black birch (Betula lenta). To date there is little understanding of whether hemlock loss will fundamentally alter ecosystem C balance and component fluxes. In this study, we use a comparative approach to study potential changes in C fluxes and N cycling associated with HWA-induced hemlock decline and replacement. The stands include primary- and secondary-growth hemlock forests (>230 and 132 years old, respectively), recently disturbed stands (5 and 18 years old) that now have rapidly growing black birch saplings, and a mature black birch stand of age similar to the second-growth hemlock stand. We found that aboveground net primary production was higher in the aggrading black birch stand and significantly so at 18-years...


Clothing sweaters competition fiercely year after year,so All enterprises are striving to place their own in the market.With the sweater underwear outside of the development of,People pay more attention to the demand of clothing on personalized,fashion,and top of the line,which prompted the design of the sweater into the fashion of the times.


This working paper is specifically concerned with the development of mobile telephone infrastructure in Catalunya as an example of a technology with profound social implications. It is an initial attempt to define certain lines of investigation related to the topic. This project is operating within the broader research programme NEGRISC which examines the negotiation of risk in the field of information and communication technologies. It departs from an approach which recognises the multidisciplinary nature of risk and which therefore demands an interdisciplinary approach to its study and subsequent management. This perspective stresses the necessity of integrating viewpoints of the different stakeholders, including the public, in the management of a socially controversial technology. This is seen as a necessary step to enable the generation of some sort of social consensus in the case of the rollout of mobile phone infrastructure in Catalunya.


An experienced consultant can foster trust, offer encouragement, and provide guided practice in order to help faculty improve their teaching techniques.


Mungbean is an important legume crop due to its short behavior, nutritious and green mannuring nature. But it is highly affected by several diseases and other factors, which reduces the yield and seed quality. Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) and Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) are the major disease of mungbean. Therefore, the present study was conducted to characterize the 34 genotypes of mungbean against MYMV and CLS disease during Kharif 2012 under two different date of sowing. The present study indicated that the none of the genotype was found immune, resistant to MYMV and CLS, whereas five genotypes namely DMS 03-17-2, IPM 2K-14-9, P 1131, DMS 02-11-4 and IPM 99-1-6 were found with moderately resistant reaction. These genotypes may be added in breeding program for improvement of mungbean.


The gap of time between the financial report date and audited financial report date shows the time of audit done by the independent auditor, is known as audit delay. The longer the audit delay is finished, the more significant it will affect the decision making because it is one of the most factor that has large contribution in the movement of IHSG. The aim of this study is to find out whether there is or there is not a relationship between Islamic banks reporting delay to the financial determinants of bankruptcy which will be represented with z-score or Altman's model, fraud which will be presented with M-score or Beneish's model, and financial stability with ACHANGE as the proxy. The data used are secondary data from annual financial reports of Islamic banks in Indonesia submitted in official website of FSA or their own website, and processed using STATA application. Forty-eight samples used in this research. The result shows that the audit delay of Islamic banks in Indonesia is not affected by either bankruptcy or fraud. Meanwhile, the audit delay of Islamic banks in Indonesia is proven to be quite affected by financial stability.


Background. The scholastic literature suggests that alcohol use may be a problem in team sports, but data on the general or average exercisers are lacking. This inquiry examined the prevalence of use and the level of problematic use of alcohol in a highly heterogeneous group of team and individual exercisers. Methods. Two-hundred exercising male (n = 79) and female (n = 121) participants (M age = 26.79 ± SD = 7.88 years) answered demographic questions and completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identifcation Test (AUDIT). Results. The rate of alcohol drinkers did not differ between the groups, but males exercising in team settings reported higher levels of alcohol drinking problems than individual exercisers in general. The fndings were similar for older (aged 25 years and over) adults too, as shown by a separate analysis of the latter group. The frequency and volume of exercise were unrelated to problematic alcohol use. Cases of high level of alcohol use problems were twice as many in team than in individual exercisers. Conclusions. The prevalence of alcohol use in team and individual exercisers is similar, but problematic alcohol use is greater in the former group. Increased alcohol use problems in team exercisers seem to be limited to men and it occurs in older adults too. Men drink more than women, but the behaviour may have a general social, rather than a sport-specifc, context.Keywords: dependence, drinking, physical activity, social, substance use.


This paper described a prototype system to monitor and visualize behaviors of a balance board that simulates side-riding board sports, such as surfboards and skateboards. The proposed system consisted of a balance board with a wheel and a 9-axis sensor device and drawn the board behavior with graphic animation in real-time. Experiments using expert riders and beginners were conducted and compared their behaviors. The results showed that expert riders tilt the board back and forth and right-and-left in small increments compared with beginners.


ABSTRACT Gastric cancer is common cancer in the world. Contradictory results regarding FOXP3 expression in gastric carcinoma were detected and the role of Ki-67 in prognosis is not completely understood. Furthermore, due to increasing use of anti-HER2 drug trastuzumab for gastric cancer, assessment of HER2 expression becomes important. This study tried to assess the FOXP3 expression in gastric carcinoma and to study the relation between its expression and Ki-67 and HER2/neu expression and relation between their expression and other clinicopathological variables. This retrospective study was carried out on 60 gastric adenocarcinoma cases. Tissue microarrays and immunohistochemical staining for FOXP3, Ki-67 and HER2/neu were done and then assessed and scored. HER2/neu expression showed significant relation to Lauren histological type and lymph node status. High Ki-67 index was related significantly to patients' age, lympho-vascular tumor emboli, peri-neural invasion, tumor grade, lymph node status, and cancer stage. There was significant relation between high FOXP3 expression and patients' age, lympho-vascular tumor emboli, peri-neural invasion, tumor grade, lymph node status, and cancer stage. Direct positive significant relationships between HER2/neu, Ki-67, and FOXP3 expression were noticed. Finally, high FOXP3 expression, positive HER2/neu, and high Ki-67 nuclear proliferation index may be an indication of the aggressiveness of gastric carcinoma.


The gravitational interaction of two arbitrary shaped bodies, moving on the closed, periodic orbits is considered in this work. The stability of motions requires that every variable defining an aspect of the state has to be periodic and that any ratio between two arbitrary chosen periods of these variables has to be rational. It was shown in this work that such dynamical system implicates the perfect harmony of motions, with more than two hundred resonances.


The significant expense of PV panel and its change over efficiency are downsides of PV Plants. Due to varying weather conditions the PV energy generation system fails to operate reliably and efficiently. Maximum Power Point Tracker can support yield of PV Panel. Regardless of irradiance condition, temperature and load, these techniques give maximum power. Perturb and Observe (P & O) method is a traditional method which is simple and effective with easy implementation. But this technique fails to operate under dynamic conditions. In this paper the later modifications and add on are discussed which are done to P&O technique to improve its stability, performance and fast convergence. Review shows that Artificial Intelligence with P&O gives promising improvement in Efficiency. Extensive researches have been carried out on modifying and improving the Perturb & Observe method most of them are discussed in this paper with a sight to other electronic parameters.


In this experimental study, we investigate the relationship between music and dance using four music pieces composed for dance by Pep Llopis. Two professional choreographers, with no links to the original choreographies and no information about the source or intent of the musical fragments, participate. The choreographers work in isolation and without sharing information. First, each choreographer hears each fragment, and describes the evoked images and sensations, and the visualized movements and displacements. Choreographers were asked to conceive improvised choreographies, which were videotaped in a later session. Detailed qualitative analyses of the videos are done with the help of a second interviewchoreographers. A quantitative analysis of spatial and technical elements is made: occupied space, directions and gaze, types of movements / dynamics, routes / paths, heights / levels, weight, body rhythm and energy. The results show a statistically significant influence of music on the choreographic elements (height, weight, body shape, spatial occupation, paths, steps) regardless of internal evocations of each choreographer. It also highlights an influence on the position/direction to the public and gaze direction.


The concept of city main structure goes back to the ideas of E. Bacon (1974) and it is extended in this thesis to develop a concept for looking at city evolution. The hypothesis is based on the belief that the role of the central part of a city, its city main structure within the larger city structure, is the source of its holistic transformation and development. The hypothesis understands that a city operates and transforms according to the city main structure, an intangible set of intrinsic phenomena that underlie urban life, overall form and identity. The research uses the insights offered by the philosophy of structuralism to derive the underlying forces of urban transformation. The study seeks to understand the significance of the city main structure in different dimensions of urban life. Understanding the interaction between underlying political, economic, sociocultural forces as deep structural elements is an important aspect of the research objectives. This research also studies how physical or functional changes follow changes in the underlying forces. The approach to the research objectives is based on two methodologies: A) Deductive: a theoretical investigation based on the properties of the structure in the urban transformation process, as introduced by structuralism. This combines information from literature reviews and the ideas of key figures in urban development. B) Inductive: a study of the two cities of Edinburgh and Isfahan as examples of historical settlements that have undergone many transformations. An open -ended questionnaire is applied to elicit people's images of the city main structures to support the theoretical propositions of surface and deep structural city elements. The conclusion to this part is based on a comparative analysis of the case studies. The author finds that the city main structure prevents the city from stagnating and acts to transform the city to ever -higher levels of qualitative complexity. It confirms that the transformation is immaterial in nature but includes visible consequences. It is the mutual interaction of deep and surface structures. The research indicates that the cities of Edinburgh and Isfahan have maintained their city main structure despite new demands and desires that impose massive changes to their surface structures. The main explanation for this is that the re -use of physical historical elements allows cities to adapt new pressures into the old fabric, thereby reinforcing their historical processes of structural transformation. The research results are expected to open up a new way to envisage urban studies. The research aims to introduce a method for planners and decision -makers that opens up new avenues for thinking about urban transformation. It offers a way to reconstruct urban design theory around the search for underlying systems of order.


Phrases with er(儿)and zi(子) suffix are systematical features in Longnan dialect.Some rules can be revealed by comparing and analyzing the word class and word formation of these phrases.


Physician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia are two procedures of Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) that are readily requested by patients internationally. In April 2016, the legalization of these procedures occurred in Canada after the pursuit of many jurisdictional cases. Known as Bill C-14, this legislation aims to balance patient autonomy at end-of-life with revised standardizations for medical and healthcare professionals. Music therapists may be included in the medical and healthcare team that can be recommended by patients considering MAiD. At present, there are no written guidelines that empirically outline the role of music therapists in this area. This paper explores the global history of MAiD as well as MAiD in the Canadian healthcare system and its implications. Information on the legislation Bill C-14 will be explained, along with a discussion on the current practices of music therapy at end-of-life and the potential scope of a music therapist during the MAiD procedure. Ethical issues and future research are also presented as recommendations to healthcare and music therapy professionals.


This work investigates the in-plane shear capacity and behavior of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry bearing walls. Experimental tests of the reinforced and fully grouted AAC masonry walls are performed. The test results show that integrated wall behavior is observed until peak load and internal reinforcements in the AAC blocks improve those post-peak behavior and enhance displacement capacity. Moreover, based on the mechanical properties obtained from compression and shear wallette tests, the strength and the deformation calculated referring to previous studies in concrete block masonry structures are good agreement with the test results.


The Low Density Parity Check Code(LDPC)is a kind of linear block code.The method for construction of parity-check matrix of LDPC is analyzed in view of coding and decoding of LDPC.The coding algorithm of LDPC and its implementation structure are proposed.The belief propagation(BP)algorithm based on soft decision decoding is analyzed,and a simplified decoding method with reduced computational complexity is also given.The simulation results show the performance comparison between different decoding algorithms in Gaussian channel.


Hydrogen is a promising fuel for energy storage, transportation, production and consumption. At the same time, hydrogen in its pure form is not found on Earth in large quantities and therefore it is necessary to develop a technology for its production. One of the promising technologies for hydrogen production is the reaction of aluminum nanoparticles with water. At the same time, experimental studies of the elementary mechanisms of this reaction are difficult due to the aggressive properties of a concentrated alkaline solution, which is used to activate the aluminum surface. Here we show that the kinetics of the aluminum-water reaction can be monitored in real time using a Schottky nanodiode sensor, provided that the characteristic size of the nanodiode electrodes does not exceed 10 nm. The investigated nanoparticles are applied to the sensor surface by means of nanofabrication. The charge generated in the aluminum nanoparticles as a result of the reaction creates an electrical signal that is proportional to the rate of the chemical process. This makes it possible to use this technology to study the activity even of small groups of nanoparticles, when the volume of released hydrogen is insufficient to measure the reaction rate.


Fabrication of the laser structures relied on molecular beam epitaxy for the growth of the waveguide core (lower waveguide layer, active region and upper waveguide layer). Metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy was used for the growth of the InP top cladding layer and for the re-growth of the buried heterostructure. As shown schematically between the two waveguide layers comprised 35 repetitions of alternating un-doped 4 QW active regions.


Domain engineering aims to support systematic reuse, focusing on modeling common knowledge in a problem domain. Ontologies have also been pointed as holding great promise for software reuse. In this paper, we present ODE (Ontology-based Domain Engineering), an ontological approach for domain engineering that aims to join ontologies and object-oriented technology.


Abstract In the Renaissance, impressive weather features inspired considerable interest among artists. The depiction of a tornado and other weather features are discussed that appear on a sixteenth-century series of 12 huge tapestries ("Conquest of Tunis") woven by the carpet manufacturer Willem de Pannemaker in Brussels, Belgium, between 1549 and 1551. The outstanding depiction of the tornado is presumably the earliest pictorial presentation of a tornado, at least in the Latin west. During the Renaissance, tapestries were an obligatory fixture of a European court and were used as an instrument for political propaganda and dynastic demonstration. The "Conquest of Tunis" tapestries are important pieces of Eu-ropean art commissioned by the Habsburgian emperor Charles V (1500–58), one of the most important ruling personalities in Euro-pean history. In 1535, he undertook a crusade to Tunis, Tunisia, in order to diminish the Ottoman emperor's power in the western Mediterranean region. Charles V wanted to...


From the type of Counter body,the article analyses the ills and reasons of counter body wearing normal shirts and trousers and skirts,and describes pattern adjustment methods.


: The Bellarine Peninsula is located south west of Melbourne, Victoria and parts of the coastal jurisdiction are managed by the City of Greater Geelong (CoGG). It has coastlines on Bass Strait, Port Phillip Bay and Corio Bay, with some hotspots that are vulnerable to coastal inundation under present day tidal extremes. This inundation risk will increase with any future sea level rise (SLR). CoGG is interested in understanding adaptation infrastructure options that could be implemented to protect nine highly vulnerable coastal hotspots around the Bellarine Peninsula. In this study the inundation across six different simulation regions were modelled using CSIRO Data61's hydrodynamic and hydraulic modelling toolkit, CFAST. Scenarios involving 1% AEP peak tides under six different SLR conditions (0.0 m up to 1.4 m superimposed on to the baseline 1% AEP tide levels) were considered. Crest levels for the coastal adaptation structures were recommended based on the modelled peak still water level (SWL) for each of the hotspots derived from CSIRO's extreme sea level tool, Canute. Additionally, the effectiveness of local adaptation measures were modelled for the same scenario list. Other inputs integrated into the CFAST modelling framework included terrain and bathymetry data, pipe drainage networks, rainfall, catchment flows, Manning's drag coefficient and soil infiltration parameters. The


ii temporal lobe increased with practice. In the fourth paper, FMRI is used to expand the findings from the second paper by applying the greater temporal resolution of event-related FMRI to separate activity for the figurative from the non-figurative drawings. Only some of the results from the second paper are replicated. In the last paper, the 'remember'/'know' paradigm is used. This means that subjects are given a recognition test of previously seen words and asked to indicate the quality of a recognition experience as either 'remembered', meaning that the subject can recall the encoding event, or 'known', meaning that the subject finds the word familiar but has no recollection of the encoding event. The recognition test as well as the attribution of the recognition experience as 'remembering' or 'knowing' is scanned using event-related FMRI. Recognised words that are later 'remembered' compared to words that are later 'known' are associated with increased activity in the posterior part of the right hippocampus and comparing later 'remembered' words with correct rejections revealed activations in the left inferior parietal lobule and in the right middle frontal gyrus. We conclude that practice in an episodic memory task represents a change from controlled to automatic processing; that the strong form of the hemispheric encoding retrieval asymmetry hypothesis (HERA) is not sufficient to account for the patterns of activity in the frontal cortex associated with episodic memory; that levels of processing can be shown with visuo-spatial material and that levels of processing are reflected in differently lateralised frontal and parietal activity.


We present here the first surface-micromachined, normally closed, in-channel, Parylene check valve. This device is fabricated monolithically on a silicon substrate using a five-layer Parylene process. The operating structure of the check valve is a circular sealing plate on top of a ring-shaped valve seat. The sealing plate is center-anchored on top of a chamber diaphragm that is vacuum-collapsed to the bottom of the chamber in order to achieve a normally closed position. A thin gold layer on the roughened valve seat surface is used to reduce stiction between the sealing plate and the valve seat. We have achieved an in-channel check valve with a cracking (opening) pressure of 20/spl sim/40 kPa under forward bias and no measurable leakage under reverse bias up to 270 kPa. Using this design, this valve performs well in two-phase microfluidic systems (i.e. microchannel flows containing gas, liquid, or gas/liquid mixture).


This is one in a series of papers that report on a programme of research focusing on the psychosocial consequences of Kuwaitis in the wake of the 1990 invasion and occupation by Iraq. The research team chose to focus on contentment as the obverse of trauma effects and develop a new measure that more closely represents Kuwait society due to cultural sensitivity. The paper briefly discusses the programme of research and the need for a new measure of Kuwaiti contentment. The Kuwaiti Raha Scale (KRS), was developed to serve as the primary dependent variable for a post-war national survey of mental health in Kuwait. The KRS emerged from a multi-method approach first administered to a convenience sample of 560 undergraduate university students enrolled in eight different classes. The results reported here note that no differences were found according to the variable of gender, as was expected. Four factors emerged, with Cronbach's Alphas ranging from 0.850 to 0.709 after eliminating three items. The total twenty-eight-item KRS measure yielded a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.906. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that the four subscales are a psychometrically sound measure of contentment, and would be useful in studies of Arabic-speaking cultures by social workers, and other investigators, concerned about culture-based well-being. Implications for European social professions are discussed.


Sodium sulfinates (RSO 2 Na) is a kind of reagents with stable properties, simple synthesis and low price, which has been widely used in the field of organic synthesis chemistry. The recent progress (2014 ~ 2018) on synthesis of sulfur compounds by sodium sulfinates is summarized. In addition, the organic reactions on the building of S — X ( S — S, S — N and S — P bond) and other types of reactions are described respectively, with their scope of substrates and reaction mechanism. It is hoped that this review can be referred to the future application in organic synthesis of sodium sulfinates.


T his issue of International Journal of Urology contains one Review Article, 14 Original Articles, one Urological Note and nine Editorial Comments. Here, I would like to introduce five Original Articles. Partial nephrectomy has become the standard treatment for T1 renal cell carcinoma (RCC). When carrying out minimally invasive techniques, it is important not to compromise oncological, functional or perioperative outcomes. Hinata et al. (Kobe, Japan) carried out a prospective multi-institutional trial to evaluate the perioperative outcomes of warm ischemia time and positive surgical margin rates in patients who underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for renal hilar tumors compared with those in historical control values of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. They successfully showed that robot-assisted partial nephrectomy resulted in a shorter warm ischemia time and comparable positive surgical margin rates in a multi-institutional setting. The Gleason score (GS) grading system is one of the strongest predictors of prostate cancer outcomes and plays a significant role in choosing a treatment modality. Milonas et al. (Kaunas, Lithuania) investigated whether the new prostate cancer grade groups (GGs) model provided more significant predictive value and better patient stratification on tumor progression after radical prostatectomy compared with the former Gleason grading. The new GGs model showed better performance in comparison with former GS models on the prediction of long-term oncological outcomes. This is partly because the new GGs divide former GS 7 into GG2 (GS 3 + 4 = 7) and GG3 (GS 4 + 3 = 7). Interestingly, in this study, GG2 showed no difference to GG1 (GS ≤6) in the prediction of clinical progression-free survival and cancer-specific survival. By contrast, GG3 and GG4 (GS 8) had similar hazard ratios in the prediction of clinical progression-free survival. There are two main management strategies for anterior urethral strictures, namely transurethral procedures, such as direct vision internal urethrotomy and urethral dilation, and urethroplasty. Although transurethral procedures are neither effective nor costeffective for the treatment of urethral structure, they have long been used excessively and inappropriately. Ojima et al. (Tokorozawa, Japan) confirmed that transurethral procedures are still often inappropriately used. There is a clear need to promote appropriate management strategies for urethral strictures among general urologists. This is an important message. Lower urinary tract symptoms often occur after low-dose-rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. Nowadays, prophylactic use of alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist is the most common treatment and prevention method for lower urinary tract symptoms after low-dose-rate brachytherapy. Mingagawa et al. (Nagano, Japan) carried out a randomized open-label trial comparing the efficacy of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, tadalafil, and tamsulosin. In this study, the effect of tadalafil was similar to that of tamsulosin in terms of urinary quality of life and lower urinary tract function. In addition, the effect of tadalafil was superior to that of tamsulosin in terms of preventing the exacerbation of erectile dysfunction in patients with moderate and severe erectile dysfunction preoperatively. At present, no guidelines recommend the routine use of brain computed tomography (CT) for staging of RCC. They recommend it only in the presence of specific clinical or laboratory signs and symptoms of brain metastases. However, it is unclear when to use brain CT during systemic therapy for metastatic RCC. Naito et al. (Yamagata, Japan) retrospectively investigated 152 metastatic RCC patients who did not initially have brain metastasis. Routine head CT during systemic therapy for metastatic RCC detected brain metastases more in the asymptomatic phase, leading to avoiding craniotomy. However, the incidence of brain metastases was relatively low, even in these patients (16 of the 152 patients, 11%), and routine use of head CT was not significantly associated with improved brain metastasis prognosis. How do you interpret these results? Unfortunately, the limited space does not allow me to introduce all the articles. However, all the papers are interesting, informative and well-illustrated. I hope you enjoy this issue of International Journal of Urology.


The teaching staff construction, as the core content of teaching basic construction of colleges and universities, is the fundamental guarantee to improve the teaching quality and cultivate qualified talents. Sustaining great responsibilities to train high quality talents for the public security organs and society, police colleges and universities should establish teaching staff with political reliability, reasonable structure, proper amount, exquisite professional work, and higher quality. At present, in public security colleges and universities teachers, there are still some problems, such as the shortage of teachers' ethics, structural imbalance, lack of practical experience and low integral level. To a certain extent, these problems restrict the development of public security higher education in China, therefore the feasible measures must be taken to strengthen the construction of teaching staff.


Prosopis juliflora is used in herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as infection, pain, inflammation and wounds. The pet ether, benzene, ethyl acetate and alcoholic extracts of Prosopis juliflora flowers were subjected to preliminary qualitative chemical investigation. Phytochemical analysis of extracts revealed that the presences of steroid, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid and tannin in the flower parts of Prosopis juliflora. LD50 values were determined based on OCED guidelines for three extracts. The extracts did not produce any mortality even at 5000 mg/kg. The effect of pet ether, benzene ,ethyl acetate and alcoholic extract of Prosopis juliflora flowers were investigated in rats to evaluate wound healing activity by using three models i.e incision, excision and dead space (granuloma). From the results obtained it may be concluded that ethyl acetate extract of Prosopis juliflora flowers exhibited more significant wound healing activity than other extract when compared to the reference drug ointment.


Charger noise can cause inaccurate touch points and fake touch points to appear; this can cause a device to behave incorrectly. The intensity of charger noise could be much larger than the intensities of the original touch signals. Furthermore, the frequency of charger noise varies for each different charger. Therefore, industry experts have identified charger noise as the most difficult problem in capacitive touch applications. The demand for a solution to this problem has become crucial for the mobile market. In this paper, we prove that a particular combination of frequency hopping and repeated integration is an effective method to handle this problem. In addition, we propose an efficient discrete Fourier transform-based algorithm to select an effective sensing frequency. We propose parallel driving with random delay to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We show an efficient hardware–software co-design that facilitates the application of our methods in touch ICs. The experimental results show that our methods can increase SNR by over 45 dB and can find an effective sensing frequency fast and dynamically.


Banana prawns found in Thailand consist of two species, Penaeus merguiensis and Penaeus indicus, which are very similar in morphology. The samples can have confused morphology suggestive of the occurrence of hybridization. In this study, DNA patterns obtained from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were compared between P. merguiensis and P. indicus. Several species-specific DNA fragments were isolated and sequenced. Three pairs of primer were designed for the PCR reactions generating single- and multi-locus profiles which could be used as genetic markers to differentiate between the two species. At least 7 haplotypes were obtained with type 1-2 found only in P. indicus, whereas haplotype 3-5 were found in P. merguiensis and haplotype 6-7 occurred in samples with confused morphology, possibly hybrids.


The paper presents the first contribution to the knowledge of the leaf miner flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of the Urmia region in the West Azerbaijan province and a list of the 46 recorded species of agromyzid flies of Iran. During a three-year survey, 20 agromyzid species were identifiedbelonging to nine genera. The species Amauromyza (Cephalomyza) luteiceps (Handel 1920), Aulagromyza populi (Kaltenbach, 1864), Cerodontha (Poemyza) lapplandica Ryden, 1956, Liriomyza hieracii (Kaltenbach, 1862), Melanoagromyza aeneoventris (Falleh, 1823), Melanoagromyza albocilia Handel, 1931, Melanoagromyza nigrissima Spencer, 1976, Ophiomyia beckeri (Hendel, 1923), Ophiomyia curvipalpis (Zerterstedt, 1848), Ophiomyia orbculata (Hendel, 1931) and Pseudonapomyza europaea Spencer, 1973 werereported as new records for the Iranian insect fauna.


AIM: To investigate the effect of rotenone on Caspase-3, Fas and Fasl and relationship with apoptosis in PC12 cells.METHODS: PC12 cells were treated with different concentrations of rotenone and the effect of rotenone on the ratio of apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry. 1.0 μmol/L rotenone was added into PC12 cells culture medium at different times and the protein expression of Caspase-3 and Fas/Fasl was also tested using FCM. The morphological changes of apoptosis were observed under transmitting electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: The ratio of apoptosis in control group was 0.0199±0.0020. In the trial groups treated with different doses of rotenone for 2 d, the ratio increased as 0.0305±0.0030, 0.0486±0.0073, 0.0313±0.0041 and 0.0285±0.0031, respectively, significantly different from that in control group (P 0.02). The 1.0 μmol/L rotenone had marked effect (P 0.01). When rotenone concentrations exceeded 1.0 μmol/L, the effects decreased in a dose-dependent manner. FI of Caspase-3, Fas and Fasl in control group was 1.0±0.03, 1.0±0.02 and 1.0±0.04, respectively. After treatment with 1.0 μmol/L rotenone for 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, the expression of Caspase-3, Fas and Fasl was observed in each group. The expression of Fas/Fasl was most significant after rotenone treatment for 6 h (P 0.01) and the expression of Caspase-3 was most significant after rotenone treatment for 12 h(P0.01). The morphological changes under TEM were shown as unsmooth membrane, decreased cellular protruding, small ratio of nucleus/cytoplasm, increased space in cytoplasm, increased gap of periphery in nucleus uncertainly, and increased poikilochromatin collected in edge. CONCLUSION: Rotenone may damage the PC12 cells by activation of Caspase-3 and Fas/ Fasl apoptosis pathways.


A theory of the infrared absorption due to the phonon sidebands on the vibrational/rotational transitions of H2 molecules that are substitutional impurities in crystals is formulated in terms of displacement/displacement Green's functions. A sum rule for this absorption is derived and applied in detail to the systems H2/Ar, H2/Kr, and D2/Ar for comparison with the experimental results.


ing reasons. Some were liberals; some were conservatives. Some were urban-oriented; others were agrarians. Some were representa tives of the New Nationalism; oth ers advocated the ideas of the New Freedom. Some were ardently mili taristic; others were pacifists. Most progressives, however, came to favor American entry into the war and vigorous prosecution of the war effort. They hoped and be lieved that the war would continue


1NUIST-Yale Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219, Ningliu Road, Pukou District, Nanjing 210044, China 2Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 3Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment, Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-4134, USA 4Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China 5South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China Mi Zhang1, Gui-Rui Yu2, Jie Zhuang3, Shesh Koirala3, Randy Gentry3, Lei-Ming Zhang2, Xiao-Min Sun2, Shi-Jie Han4, Jun-Hua Yan5


Criminal Law Sourcebook presents cases and materials illustrating the statutory and judicial practices of criminal law in Australia. The editors lead the reader on an interesting and useful journey through the terrain of research design, striking just the right balance between theory and practice, detail and generality. Criminal Law Sourcebook is a thoughtful, well-written comparative study of Australia's common law jurisdictions 1 and Code Jurisdictions2. In their introduction, the editors set the scene and justify their selection of topics. Their intention is to go beyond the basic differences that underlie the criminal laws in Australia's states and territories. It is always difficult to do justice in a limited number of words to an edited collection with a large number of chapters. In this book, there are 12 chapters. Each chapter is introduced by an overview of the topic and the central issue. These chapters are all well rooted in empirical research. Chapter One focuses on jurisdiction and general principles. In the first section of this chapter, the editors write about the general principles of criminal responsibility because the interpretation of these principles provides an important method to construct the meaning or value of current criminal law. Chapter Two focuses on the property crimes of theft and larceny. In the first section, the editors begin with the socal and legal history of the applicable law; and the cases in this chapter repeatedly return to this social and legal history as the context for their rulings on Australia's current law of theft and Larceny. The third chapter examines crimes of deceit such as fraud, and similar crimes against property. This chapter begins with extracts from leading judgments on the acquisition of property by a deceptive practice. Subsequently, the editors consider the crimes of robbery and burglary. In the fourth chapter, Rush and Yeo address the laws relating to assault. In the legal construction of assault, a number of specific issues of definition and application are addressed. These issues are discussed in the context in which they arise in each Australian jurisdiction. In Chapter Five, the editors analyze the laws of rape and indecent assault. In this chapter, the editors are concerned with the formulation of legal doctrines and what these doctrines implicitly and explicitly say about the


The analytic capacity γ+ is a version of the usual analytic capacity γ which is generated by Cauchy potentials of positive measures. Some recent results have shown the importance of γ+ for the understanding of the metric-geometric properties of γ. This paper is devoted to the study of γ+. Among other things, it is shown that although this capacity is not originated by a positive symmetric kernel, it satisfies some properties usually fulfilled this other type of capacities (such as Riesz capacities).


The aim of this thesis is to investigate the ways the Common European Asylum System is portrayed from security and human rights perspectives. In order to do this the author conducts a case study of two main legislative acts in the area of asylum in the EU – the Dublin II Regulation and the Eurodac Regulation and proceeds with a discourse analysis of texts taken from different sources – European Commission and Member States, NGOs and UNHCR and media. The framework for the analysis is the Copenhagen School of Security Studies with its concepts of securitization and de-securitization. The main finding is that the human rights perspective is a dominant view on the CEAS enforced by NGOs, UNHCR and media. The security view is partly present in the European Commission and governmental portrayal of the issue.


Considering the growth of wireless communication and mobile positioning technologies, location-based services (LBSs) have been generating increasing research interest in recent years. One of the critical issues for the deployment of LBS applications is how to reconcile their quality of service with privacy concerns. Location privacy based on k-anonymity is a very common way to hide the real locations of the users from the LBS provider. Several k-anonymity approaches have been proposed in the literature, each with some drawbacks. They need either a trusted third party or the users (or providers) to trust each other in collaborative approaches. In this paper, we propose a collaborative approach that provides k-anonymity in a distributed manner and does not require a trusted third party nor the users (or providers) to trust each other. Furthermore, our approach integrates well with the existing communication infrastructure. A user's location is known to only his/her location provider (e.g., cell phone operator). By using cryptographic schemes, user with the help of location providers determines whether the k-anonymity property is satisfied in a query area or not. We start with a simple scenario where user and location providers are honest-but-curious and then we progressively extend our protocol to deal with scenarios where entities may collude with each other. Moreover, we analyze possible threats and discuss how our proposed approach defends against such threats.


A staining technique was developed for locating the sporozoites of Eimeria spp. in both mammalian and avian hosts. Bouin-fixed tissues embedded in Paraffin wax and cut at a thickness of 3 μg were stained by a controlled sequence of Ehrlich's haematoxylin, acid fuchsin and aniline blue–orange G–acetic acid which took only 30 min to perform. The refractile globule of the sporozoite stained a brilliant crimson whilst the tissue had an overall blue colour, thus enabling rapid scanning of material under low-power magnification. The granules of eosinophils and heterophils also stained a brilliant crimson and their significance in immunological responses indicates a wider application for this technique.


I/Q unbalances which are generated by a non-ideal component of receiver are an inevitable physical phenomenon and lead to performance degradation in implementation of a practical communication system. In this paper, we provide a general closed-from expression for the bit error rate (BER) of hierarchical M-ary phase shift keying (H-MPSK) with I/Q phase and amplitude unbalances, and analyze the effect of I/Q unbalances on the BER performance over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.


Objectives: recently appeared that NaF had serious problems on the embryonic development due to its cytotoxic effect, so the purpose of the present study to estimate the chronic toxic effects of NaF on the male genital system of wild rabbits. Study: eighteen males of wild rabbits, divided into three groups; 1 st group from six males of them were administered only single dose 50 ppm / NaF, 2 nd group six males orally administered 50 ppm of NaF /45 days, 3 rd group given PBS as negative control group. For histopathological study all animals sacrificed post time of toxicity for cytogenetic and. Results : in testes there was atrophic necrosis and thickening of the basement membranes of seminiferous tubules, edematous fluid and hyalinization, vacuolar degenerative changes in sertoli cells, prostatic hyperplasia in chronic form of toxicity was recorded. Conclusions: long time administration of NaF had severe necrotic changes on testicular tissues and diminished the spermatogenesis.


Facial recognition is considered by many to be one of the key areas in the field of biometrics. It has a few very significant advantages over other modalities including universal acceptability and covert acqusition. On the flip side, it provides some very unique challenges in terms of pose and expression variation etc. These challenges make it difficult to develop a real time facial recognition system that provides a very high accuracy rate. Nontheless a few attempts have been made by researchers to provide a robust real time facial recognition system. Probably, the best and most recent attempt is to represent the whole system via sparse representation. In this paper we extend this work by utilizing the cascaded classifier based approach. The results show that the proposed approach provides improved accuracy while still performing in real time.


In this paper, we first review some basic concepts associated with a model for social interaction previously proposed by us. Each agent is seen as an array of variables that can be found in different states. The agents are then allowed to interact and form groups based on their variables. We discuss how spin-glass type physics may be appropriate for our model. Several types of variables and costs associated with flipping the variables are discussed. Then some simple graphs are presented to understand the formation of various levels of identities within social clusters. In the end, we analyze events from the French revolution and the Russian revolution to to understand how different variables and identities interact within a hierarchical social structure.


The psychological treatment of sexual problems is attracting a new kind of interest due to proposals to reform the law concerning homosexuality. People are concerned about just what is done in the treatment of sexual offenders, and in the effectiveness of treatment in producing cures. This paper addresses the issue of treatment of sexual problems. There is little discussion of the causes of deviance from heterosexuality. There is little consensus on what causes sexual deviance, and no real prospect of agreement being reached between those who emphasise hereditary and biological factors on the one hand and environmental factors in the early or later stages of development on the other. It is possible to look directly at treatment methods without becoming too enmeshed in the issue of what caused the problem.


In limits the agriculture modernization connotation foundation in west China,this article has analyzed the agricultural development "the system flaw" in west China at current,proposed the countermeasure of the promotion to have west our country the characteristic agriculture modernization path,through the control system innovation,the industrial system innovation as well as the technical system innovation.


Higher education, science, and technology policies have become increasingly interdependent, and the need for their mutual coordination has been widely acknowledged. This article analyses the institutional organisation and coordination capacity between these policy sectors in Finland. Because of its consistent line of policy in these areas, combined with its recent success in international competitiveness and educational rankings, Finland provides an interesting case in this respect. The Finnish institutional model, particularly the high-level coordinating role of the Science and Technology Policy Council, has also come to be internationally recognised. The article scrutinises coordination processes both vertically, between the levels of government, and horizontally across sectors. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.


4,5′-dimethylangelicin is a new angular furocoumarin that by irradiation at 365 nm shows a very high photo reactivity towards DNA in vivo, without forming any cross-linkage; by photosensitization of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells a strong inhibition of DNA synthesis was observed.


Sentence similarity calculation plays an important role in various areas of natural language processing.Analyze the existing some sentence similarity calculation method.These methods describe the sentence similarity from the word characteristics,semantic features or syntactic features,all the information of a sentence can't be described fully.A new model of Chinese sentence similarity based on the multi-feature is proposed.This method is based on the word,from the surface to the logical connection of the word,from local structure to the overall structure of a sentence,five aspects of sentence similarity such as degree of differentiation,the same word similarity,length similarity,the part of speech similarity and word order similarity have been studied in depth.Experimental results show that the method is reasonable,simple and feasible.


In the given article various approaches to definition of small business are considered. Its regional peculiarities are investigated. It is shown that state regulation of small business at the present stage is not efficient.


The present study has been undertaken to replace W by Cr in as-cast HSSs using B as alloying element. For this reason, a special alloying system was suggested. The basic steel containing approximately 12 wt. % of Cr was alloyed with B, V, V and Mo in different proportions. The microstructure of the steels was studied using electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. It was shown that the matrix structure, as well as the origin and morphology of the carbides or carboborides formed during solidification greatly depended on the alloy chemical composition.


The researches were carried out in the period 2014-2017 in the intensive apple orchard of the enterprise "Codru ST" Ltd. founded in 2006. The efficiency of chemical fruit thinning was studied in Gala Must variety grafted on M9 rootstock. The following active substances were applied: 1. naphthalene-acetamide NAD (Geramid-New), 2. naphthylacetic acid ANA (Dirager) and 3. benzyladenine BA (Gerba 4LG), using different doses and thinning periods. During the research the following indicators were studied: the number and average weight of fruits, the yield per tree and per unit area, and the average fruit diameter. On average, over the years 2014-2017, the highest number of fruits in the crown of apple trees was obtained using the growth regulators Dirager (131.2 pcs/tree) and Geramid-New (128 pcs/tree), while the variants treated with Gerba 4LG recorded the highest yield per tree 18.01 kg/tree and the highest average fruit diameter 74.1 mm. The average fruit weight as a quality indicator varied greatly over the studied years. This indicator largely correlated with the number of fruits in the tree crown and weather conditions in the year of reference. It was established that the treatments with Geramid-New in a dose of 1.2 l/ha when 80% of the petals have fallen + 2-3 days, with Dirager in a dose of 0.3 l/ha when the diameter of the central fruit is 8-9 mm and with Gerba 4LG in a dose of 2.5 l/ha when the fruit diameter is 10-15 mm have a significant effect on the studied indicators.


A 14-yr-old girl with congenital goitrous hypothyroidism is presented. Thyroidal iodide was released by perchlorate, indicating a complete iodide organification block. Serum total thyroxine was 0.6 μg/100 ml. After iv administration of 131I, thyroid uptake of 42% was reached at 30 min. Subsequently the thyroidal 131I content fell with a half time of 0.76 day. Thyroid clearance was 811 ml/min and chromatographs of serum and urine samples indicated the presence of only free iodide. The thyroid tissue obtained at thyroidectomy established a slice/medium [131I] ratio of 37, which was abolished by KC1O4 but not by methimazole. Enzymatic studies performed on the tissue demonstrated very low peroxidase activity (3% of normal values), according to results in the tyrosine iodinase, triiodide, and guaiacol assays. Preincubation of the enzyme with hematin did not increase activity. Neither digitonin nor deoxycholate + trypsin + acetone produced soluble enzyme. Catalase activity was normal and cytochrome c reductase,...


has several limitations. It undergoes chemical decomposi tion in saline solutions and in cell-free growth medium, with a half-life of 16—20h. Furthermore, its lipophilic nature (octanol—water partition coefficient, —40),which allows it to cross the intact blood—brain barrier to image cerebral hypoxia, may make it suboptimal for imaging hypoxia in the heart or in tumors because of slow clearance from the blood and background tissues and extensive elimination through the liver and intestinal tract. In a previously reported evaluation of BMS181321 in mice bearing implanted mu rime tumors, the maximum values obtained were 4.2 for tumor-to-muscle ratios and 0.3 for tumor-to-blood ratios (8). BRU59-2 1 (Oxo[[3,3,9,9-tetramethyl-5-oxa-6-(2-nitro lH-imidazol-l-yl)-4,8-diazaundecane-2,lO-dione dioxi mato}(3-)-N,N',N' †̃,N' †̃ †̃]-technetium),previously known as BMS194796, (Fig. lB) is a second-generation hypoxia agent with a chemical structure that differs from BMS 181321 in that an oxygen atom has been substituted for a methylene group in the propylene bridge and the point of attachment of the 2-nitroimidazole has been moved from the 1 to the 6 position on the chelator (13,14). Preliminary reports suggest that these modifications have the effects of increasing chemical stability, reducing the octanol—water partition coefficient, and decreasing the level of radioactivity in the liver (13,14). BRU59-21 has been shown to possess superior properties for imaging myocardial hypoxia in an animal model (14). Here, we evaluate the behavior of BRU59-2l in modelsof tumor hypoxia in vitro and in mice and compare the results with previous work using BMS181321 in the same systems (8).


There are many antecedents to the Holocaust. Antisemitism, the necessary precursor to the Holocaust, has a long history and was usually based on political, economic, religious, or social prejudice. Throughout the nineteenth century, the Jew sought desparately to identify himself with the European Christian community. Many Jews accepted assimilation and conversion in order to gain admission into European society. In the latter part of the nineteenth century, however, a violent racial antisemitism appeared that rejected assimilation as a solution to the "Jewish problem." The ten sions among the Jews themselves—liberals versus orthodox and Zionists versus assimilationists—the economic crises, the need to find a scapegoat for national humiliation, the identifica tion of Jews with Marxists and the swing to the political right helped prepare for the outbreak of violent racial antisemitism which led to the Holocaust. With Hitler ideological anti semitism captured a state. Given the monopoly of political power which Hitler quickly acquired, the deep antisemitic roots in every European state, the indifference with which the world witnessed the increasing persecution in Germany, and the intimidation which the Nazis so successfully employed against the German people, the Holocaust in hindsight seemed inevitable.


A comprehensive understanding of the link between water footprint and energy content of crop and animal products is vitally important for the sound management of water resources. In this study, we developed a mathematical relationship between water content, and energy content of many crops and animal products by using an improved LCA approach (water footprint). The standard values of the water and energy contents of crops and animal products were obtained from the databases of Agricultural Research Service, UNESCO Institute for water education and Food, and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The water footprint approach was applied to analyze the relationship between water requirement and energy of content of crop and animal products, in which the uncertainty and sensitivity was evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation technique that is contained in the Oracle Crystal Ball Fusion Edition v18.104.22.168.00. The results revealed significant water saving due to changes in food consumption pattern i.e. from consumption of more meat to vegetables. The production of 1kcal of crop and animal products requires about 98% of green, 4.8% blue water and 0.4% of gray water. In which changes in consumption pattern gave annual blue water saving of about 1605 Mm 3 that is equivalent to 41.30m 3 /capita, extremely greater than the standard drinking water requirement for the whole population. Moreover, the projected results indicated, triple increase of dietary water requirement from 30.9 Mm 3 in 2005 to 108 Mm 3 by 2050. It was also inferred that, Tanzania has a positive virtual water balance of crop and animal products consumption with net virtual water import of 9.1 Mm 3 that is the contribution margin to the water scarcity alleviation strategy. Therefore, developed relationship of water footprint and energy content of crops and animal products can be used by water resource experts for sustainable freshwater and food supply.


Disasters have been a major subject of research considering damages caused in terms of losses of lives and properties and the functionality of critical services in cities. Floods generate large amounts of waste, causing several functional deteriorations, such as disrupted transportation, water supply, and wastewater management. Hence, it is necessary to establish an effective plan to secure urban resilience during the disaster response and recovery phases. This study proposes a method to reduce overlaps between disaster waste transportation routes and other emergency response activities after floods in the response and recovery phases. The network analysis of a geographic information system was used to analyze the supplying routes of evacuation, rescue/aid, hospital transportation, and police services for each disaster phase to reduce the overlapping of routes. The results showed that by using the proposed method, the average length of the disaster waste transportation routes increased by 25.29% and 9.80% in the response and recovery phases, respectively, whereas the length of the sections overlapping with the routes providing critical services decreased by 47.49% and 55.57% in the response and recovery phases, respectively. We believe that the proposed method identifies new corresponding key issues to establish disaster waste management plans to secure urban resilience after a disaster.


In this brief, a robust braking controller is proposed for motorcycles. Its aim is to control both longitudinal slips of the vehicle to optimal ones using a sliding mode controller. The robustness of this controller is proved with respect to change of road adherence, load transfer, and lateral movements. The optimal target slip is computed thanks to perturb and observe algorithm which is inspired from the extremum seeking algorithms. The objective of this algorithm is to seek the appropriate longitudinal braking forces and to avoid rear wheel's loss of contact. Simulations on a multibody simulator are given to enhance the performances of the controller.


Edge computing has been proposed as a promising solution to alleviate the computation intensive requirement of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) scenarios. In edge computing based network, task latency and energy consumption are two key metrics, while the tradeoff of them is of great importance on impacting the overall performance of the system. In this paper, we formulate a joint optimization problem to minimize the weighted summation of latency and energy consumption in the network where the task scheduling and server dormant mode are both taken into account. To solve this problem, we designed a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based algorithm considering both the number of active edge servers and the task scheduling scheme per time slot. Simulation results show that our algorithm has advantages compared with other algorithms and reduces the overall cost of the system.


TO ANY industry the standardization of its products is important, but to an industry dependent on scientific accuracy, the standardization of the vital points which govern its efficient working is most essential. It is almost inconceivable that after so many years of existence, involving the expenditure and use of such colossal sums of money, no definite standard has been universally adopted in the film industry.


According to three project cases,it describes application of the program layer analysis method on the complex procedures construction process from different aspects,provides a detailed content for the program layer analysis method,so as to help people correctly use the program layer analysis method,thus reaching effect with half effort.


Pesticide durability lasts to be one of the greatest significant subjects' confrontations with agricultural output. The defy in pesticide impedance and its administration is represented by the status of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). This extremely offensive pest has a considerable tendency for evolving pesticide durability as of its biotic features, and situations of impedance to furthermost categories of insecticides utilized for its organization have been perceived. In conflict with pesticide durability in the western blossom thrips, quite a few insecticide impedance supervisions (IRM) approaches have been progressing about the universe and these conversations. Effective approaches depend on non-insecticidal strategies, for instance, biotic and cultural monitoring and steward vegetable durability, to diminish inhabitants' compressions, alternations amid pesticides of the diverse method of labor categories to maintain insecticide effectiveness, impedance observation, specimen to define the necessity for insecticide implementation and instruction to guarantee suitable operation. Further cautious insecticide utilization is conceivable by the progress of fully-initiated financial sill for extra harvesting organizations. Though cultivators will carry on to trust insecticides as a portion of western-blossom-thrips- and thrips-spread virus administration added effective administration of these pests will be accomplished by deeming their administration in the situation of complete united pest administration, through IRM being the main constituent of those complete approaches.


To discuss the etiological factor and pathogenesis of Meniere's syndrome of gerontism.Get hold of the key point of renal deficiency,so to cure Meniere's syndrome from kidney,the curative effect is excellent.


Multi-species impact is of high relevance for fusion reactors, where, in addition to the hydrogen fuel, the He ash, impurity species (e.g., C and O), and in some cases injected elements are also present. Combined irradiation of graphite with relatively low-energy H+ (typically below 100 eV) and energetic (above 300 eV) hydrogenic and non-hydrogenic ions leads to an enhancement of the chemical erosion yield compared to the low-energy H+-only case. This is due to the additional energy deposition and associated lattice damage by the added energetic ions. Studies of combined species irradiation also have the potential to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms leading to erosion and hydrogen transport in graphite. Mixed isotope experiments with simultaneous H+–D+ irradiation of graphite led to the conclusion that thermalized H and D move and recombine on internal surfaces within the implantation zone. In contrast, during H+–D+ irradiation, methane molecules are formed at the end of range of the incident ions. Combined H+ and O+ irradiation of graphite leads to the formation of hydrocarbons, carbon oxides and water, with water being formed at the end of the O+ implant range.


Scientific reasoning is not a de-contextualized construct; instead, its development and deployment intimately relates to content learning. Drawing on this framework and driven by the instructional goals of many college-level courses that are aimed at both knowledge acquisition and skill development, this study investigates the extent to which undergraduate students' scientific reasoning skills vary in relation to two aspects of content learning: quantity and domain. Students from different year levels (years 1-4) and two majors (science and engineering) were recruited to complete the Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (LCTSR). These students represented respectively individuals exposed to different quantities and domains of content learning. Results show that, regardless of their major, student reasoning skills measured by the LCTSR remained largely constant across the four years of higher education, with no significant difference between science and engineering. These results call attention to the status quo of undergraduate education and have implications for future improvement.


To establish an animal model for drug induced lupus(DIL), procainamide(Pca),hydralazine(Hyd)and azino bis(3 ethylbenz thioline 6 sulfolic acid )(ABTS) were used to treat mice of Kunming, BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains Anti nuclear antibodies (ANA) were assayed in ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence All three drugs induced production of ANA in Kunming mice Positive rate of ANA induced by Pca in Kunming mice was 25% and that induced by Hyd and ABTS were 12 5% Furthermore, Pca, Hyd and ABTS induced ANA production in BALB/c mice but not in C57BL/6 mice The anti dsDNA antibodies were of IgG class, but antibodies against histone were IgM Lupus induced drugs in human such as Pca, Hyd and ABTS could induce ANA production in Kunming and BALB/c mice These results indicated that DIL was influenced by genetic backgrounds


Since 1978 the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has been pursuing the mandate of the Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (FCMA) of 1976 through a data collection effort known as the National Statistical Survey of Marine Recreational Fishermen (NSS) [2,3]. The objective of the NSS is to obtain catch and effort data for recreational saltwater fishermen on a species basis. It attempts to estimate such quantities as total catch, weight of catch, total number of participants, and total number of fishing trips over a one-year period. While this information is necessary, it does not fully meet the provisions of the FCMA which require fisheries managers to take into account social, economic and ecological factors in developing Optimum Sustained Yield estimates and in allocating stocks among competing user groups. During 1981 a major effort took place to obtain social and economic information from marine recreational fishermen along the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts. Known as the Socioeconomic Survey (SES), this effort included an on-site survey with interviews from more than 7,000 fishermen. The objective of the survey was to collect information of three general types: (a) Information on anglers (fishermen) as individuals: what type of people, from a socioeconomic standpoint, go fishing, and with what intensity? (b) Information on the fishing experience: why and how do people fish? (c) Trip-specific information, such as expenditures, disposition of catch by species, levels of satisfaction and factors affecting such. The purpose of this paper is to present the main aspects of the sample design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques used in this survey as performed by KCA Research, Inc., under a grant from the National Marine Fisheries Service.


In this study, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and some selected physicochemical properties of six white mulberry (Marus alba L.) genotypes harvested from Southeast Anatolia region of Turkey was investigated. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of white mulberry fruits were determined to Folin-Ciocalteu and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. Total phenolic content was observed in white mulberry fruits between 68.3 – 82.3 mg gallic acid equivalent in 100 g fresh basis. The antioxidant activity of genotypes varied between 5.46 6.92 mol trolox equivalent in g fresh basis. The average colour C* and h o values were 23.0 and 91.8 respectively. The total soluble solids content was found from 26.3 to 30.5%, moisture content from 64.6 to 81.3%. Fruit weight, length and width of mulberry fruits were determined between 2.00 – 4.32 g, 17.8 – 26.8 mm and 11.5 – 15.4 mm respectively. The results of the study are helpful for attempting crop improvement in white mulberry for bringing to cultivation.


The paper is dedicated to the computation complexity of multi-objective optimization problems on graphs. The classes of multi-objective problems with polynomial complexity or being polynomially reduced to be NP-hard are marked out. The unsolvability of a series of combinatorial multi-objective problems has been set up by means of linear convolution algorithm. The sufficient conditions under which these algorithms are statistically efficient have also been obtained.


The positive and negative effects from China′s entry into WTO on the agricultural production in China is analyzed, and the strategies for adjusting the agricultural structure are proposed, including developing the labor intensive products in horticulture, animal breeding and aquiculture, decreasing moderately land intensive products such as grain and cotton. At the same time, increasing the quality of agricultural product, developing the process industry, means of fresh preservation, storage and transport technique are also very important to the export.


The purpose of present study is to examine the effects of external motivational factors on employees. Current study is employed Herzberg's two-factor theory to investigate the effects of extrinsic factors on employees' performance.in food and textile industries of Sindh, Pakistan. Seven point Likert scale is used for survey purpose. Reliability test is conducted for knowing the internal consistency of extrinsic factors as independent variables and employees' performance as dependent variable. Pearson correlation, Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA), t test and multiple regression techniques are employed for data analysis.The results found that all extrinsic factors have positive and significant effects on employees. This study provides good amount of knowledge on the importance of extrinsic factors for improving the employees' performance.


Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can cause immune-mediated gastrointestinal toxicity, but the long-term persistence of this toxicity is unknown. We aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal inflammation persisting more than six months after discontinuation of ICI.

 We included consecutive patients treated between October 2010 and March 2022 for endoscopic or histological gastrointestinal inflammation persisting at least six months after the last administration of ICI.

 Among 178 patients treated for a gastrointestinal immune-mediated adverse event during ICI therapy, 14 (8%) patients had chronic lesions persisting more than 6 months after the last ICI administration. The median follow-up time was 13 months after discontinuation of ICI. The most common symptom was watery diarrhea (54%). Ten (77%) patients had colon involvement and three (21%) had ileal involvement. Ten patients (77%) had an inflammatory phenotype, while two (15%) had a penetrating and one had (8%) a stricturing phenotype. All patients had lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and basal plasmacytosis, and s54%) had crypt distortion. Two (15%) patients underwent surgery and nine (69%) received specific treatment, including five treated with vedolizumab. Among the patients who were followed up for at least one year, endoscopic lesions persisted at 1 year after stopping ICI in 4/6 patients, and at 2 years in 3/4 patients.

 Eight percent of patients who had gastrointestinal toxicity due to ICI develop chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by watery diarrhea, colitis and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate.


Abstract Background Adolescent pregnancy has serious public health implications, with far-reaching outcomes extending past the mother and child and affecting society. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of adolescent pregnancy in Jos, Nigeria. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews with 17 adolescents and young women ages 16–24 y in Jos, Nigeria who had experienced at least one teenage pregnancy. Participants were purposively recruited; each provided written informed consent before interviewing. We identified codes and themes using an inductive analytic approach. Results Among the 17 participants, 14 had never been married and 10 had completed senior secondary school. Participants commonly associated adolescent pregnancy with inappropriate behaviour, immaturity and premarital childbearing. The main risk factors for adolescent pregnancy were lack of sexual and reproductive health education and parental communication. Pregnancy evoked feelings of fear, shame, anxiety and depression. Most pregnancies resulted in live births, while some participants had stillbirths or induced abortion. Some participants successfully completed their education post-pregnancy. Conclusions Adolescents in this study lacked adequate sexual and reproductive health education that could empower them to make informed decisions and take action regarding their sexual and reproductive health. Multifaceted actions to address reproductive health education gaps can contribute to reducing adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria.


The combination of Internet technology and the financial industry makes information more symmetrical, improves the efficiency of payment and settlement in the financial industry, reduces the cost of currency financing, and makes risk management more effective based on big data technologies. Just the improvement of form and means has not changed the nature of finance. With the development boom of financial technology, blockchain technology seems to have become the key to start a new technological revolution. The value transfer of blockchain technology and the absence of credit intermediation, high security, decentralization, and de-monetization are a fundamental disruption of the financial industry.


This paper proposes a single-stage light-emitting diode (LED) driver based on an inverted buck topology, using current path control switches. The proposed circuit consists of a control circuit, a bridge diode, and an inverted buck converter with multiple switches connected to the LED segments in parallel. Whereas the typical buck LED driver operates with a fixed LED forward voltage, the proposed driver operates with a variable LED forward voltage, according to the input voltage level. Because of this capability to adjust the LED forward voltage, it can reduce the current ripple and the switching frequency with a small inductance value. In addition, it enables operation with LED lamps of a wide voltage range, while simultaneously achieving small dead-angles. The detailed operation principles are described, and the design considerations for the proposed driver are discussed. The proposed driver circuit and control operation are verified experimentally using a 7 W hardware prototype with four LED segments. The obtained experimental results show that under a 110 Vrms input voltage, the proposed driver achieves a power factor of 0.94 with a small dead-angle and an efficiency of 94%.


The random coil model is analysed to establish the mathematical support behind it In this approach Stirling's approximation, weight factor and improper integral (gamma function) are analysed in detail. A correlation between the important modelling parameters like radius of gyration, root mean square separation, number of monomers and length of each monomer unit is established. Finally this model is validated by a standard object-oriented programming tool for a protein like serum albumin.


This paper describes relativistic effects in the absolute, but 4-dimensional geometric space and with an absolute world time. According to the special relativity theory (SRT) matter moves continuously in the space-time-continuum, in case of zero kinetic energy along the time axis. This is illustrated clearly in the Epstein-diagram [Epstein, Lewis C. Relativitatstheorie anschaulich dargestellt. Basel: Birkhauser Verlag, 1988]. Hence an absolute base point doesn't exist. All movements are relative. In contrast to this motion, the theory of the 4-dimensional matter wave presented here postulates a particle (e.g. an electron) is as a real matter wave in a 4-dimensional and absolute space. In accordance to this theory matter is moving always as a wave with the speed of light. In case of zero kinetic energy this movement runs along the 4th geometric dimension. The resulting relativistic effects of movement in the space-time-continuum versus movement in the 4-dimensional space are nearly identical due to the similarity of these movements. However the theory of the 4-dimensional matter wave postulates a 4-dimensional and always Euclidean space. The result of this work is an alternative but still mathematically exact point of view of relativistic physics. In contrast to the SRT, it is not dominated by abstract, mathematical axioms. Typical difficulties for intuitive understanding of SRT like the inhomogeneity of the time-axis in comparison with the space-axes or the curved space are avoided in this theory.


We present a general procedure to solve the equations of motion for cosmological models driven by real scalar fields with first-order differential equations. The method seems to have great power, since it works for closed, flat or open space-time, for scalar fields with both standard and tachyonic dynamics. We illustrate the procedure solving several examples which model situations of current interest to modern cosmology.


This paper reviews the research progress on treating chronic hepatitis B virus carriers with Chinese medicine in recent years.The treatment was elaborated from administration of Chinese herbs,external application,combined Chinese and modern medicine.


Abstract : The present study was designed (1) to assess the effects of various follow-up techniques on the return rate and response bias of demographic and attitudinal measurements, and (2) to explore the possibility that reaction to extensive follow-ups biases the responses from initially uncooperative selectees. Approximately 1500 Navy and Marine Corps personnel from San Diego were mailed the DoD Family Housing Preference Survey and were assigned to 10 follow-up groups. Eight of the groups formed a completely crossed 2 x 2 x 2 design, defining the follow-up by type of mail, type of material, and number of follow-ups. Two additional groups were formed, one receiving no follow-up and the other receiving extensive follow-up. Both return rate and response bias on 12 attitudinal and demographic variables were studied. The results in this study indicate that some type of follow-up procedure results in greater return rates than no follow-up. Response bias was found in some variables. (Author)


Objective:To evaluate the ways and veracity of MRI in measuring adult of normal left ventricular. Methods: Forty cases of clinically overt cardiovascular disease underwent respectively cardiac MR imaging examination to determine LV wall thickness,cavity length, LV function. Results: Unidimensional measures of LV wall thickness,cavity length,EDV,EDS,mass were significantly greater (P0.05) in men than in women and remained greater (P0.02) after adjustment for subject height. Volumetric measure were greater (P0.05) in men than in women after adjustment for body surface area(BSA), but there were increased linear dimensions in women after adjustment for BSA, end-diastolic short dimension was no difference as in women (P0.05). There were no age differences in mass adjustment for height and LVEF. Conclusion:MRI measure of LV wall thickness,cavity length, LV function differ significantly according to gender and body size. MR imaging was a useful method for evaluating the left ventricular function because of non-ghosting artifacts and short imaging time.


Ice and snow, in one form or another, have been responsible for significant loss of lives including 1517 from an iceberg that sank the RMS Titanic in 1912; 2427 as a result of a snow avalanche in Rodi, Switzerland, in 1618; 18,000 from a rock-ice avalanche in Peru in 1970; approximately 4000 due to a blizzard in Iran in 1972; and at least 20 others during two recent ice floods on the Lena River in Siberia. Those examples are suggestive of the relevance in terms of human life of five of the nine types of iceand snow-related hazards/disasters detailed in this well-researched volume, Cold Region Hazards and Risks. Despite such impressive occurrences, disasters associated with the Cryosphere ('The zone of the Earth's crust, ocean and atmosphere containing ice,' as defined in the accompanying Glossary, p. 336) are generally neglected in geohazard textbooks because most ice-related hazards are not dramatic, most occur in areas that are remote and generally inhospitable, and are often unor under-recorded. Exceptions to these generalizations do exist; for example, snow avalanches in ski-resort areas of the European Alps and the American Rocky Mountains. This volume serves to rectify that neglect. This 380-page volume is divided into nine substantive chapters, a succinct introduction and a brief, but provocative and predictive, concluding chapter. In addition, there is a very detailed Table of


This work is concerned with designing and building an online activity classifier and tracking device on an embedded system to monitor parakeets. This involves the design
choices in localization, feature selection, classifying algorithm and optimization of required features and algorithm parameters. In order to reduce the number of inputs to a machine learning algorithm, Forward Selection was applied, which reduced the number of features from 20 to 7. The resulting feature sets were then applied to
six learning algorithms; k-Nearest Neighbours, Naive Bayes, Neural Network, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine. In order to evaluate the machine learning algorithm, data from a parakeet was used for training and testing using a 70% to 30% ratio, creating a generic classifier which could accurately recognise the activity of a parakeet. The models were evaluated and compared according to three main metrics, namely performance, battery usage, and ease of implementation, as well as other metrics such as variance in performance, usability and training effort.
It was found that the combination of the decision tree classifier with seven timedomain features from the accelerometer's 3D vector magnitude comprised the best
compromise between the evaluated metrics. The decision tree parameters were tuned such that its performance could be maintained while minimizing the tree size.
A window size of two seconds and a 50% window overlap was used to yield an excellent compromise between computation and performance. The accuracy of classification varied between 87 and 90%.
Next, satellite-, ground-based- and radar tracking methods were compared in terms of energy consumption and accuracy. A localization system has been proposed based on the received signal strength of Bluetooth Low Energy beacons.
These beacons were detectable from a 40-meter distance.
Finally, this tracking device and online activity classifier have been implemented on the AKMW-iB001M beacon, and the performance will be tested in the future on wild parakeets in Malaga, Spain.


The entropy of the intracluster medium at large radii has been shown recently to deviate from the self-similar scaling with temperature. Using N-body/hydrodynamic simulations of the ACDM cosmology, we demonstrate that this deviation is evidence that feedback processes are important in generating excess entropy in clusters. While radiative cooling increases the entropy of intracluster gas, resulting in a good match to the data in the centres of clusters, it produces an entropy-temperature relation closer to the self-similar scaling at larger radii. A model that includes feedback from galaxies, however, not only stabilizes the cooling rate in the simulation, but is capable of reproducing the observed scaling behaviour both in cluster cores and at large radii. Feedback modifies the entropy distribution in clusters owing to its increasing ability at expelling gas from haloes with decreasing mass. The strength of the feedback required, as suggested from our simulations, is consistent with supernova energetics, providing a large fraction of the energy reaches low-density regions and is originally contained within a small mass of gas.


In this study, Chitosan (Cs) biopolymer was incorporated into TiO2 nanoparticles as a support and adsorption site, forming an effective photocatalyst system. The stability and separation ability of the Cs–TiO2 photocatalyst system improved as it is further immobilised onto the surface of the glass plate. The surface interactions and the band gap of Cs–TiO2(DP25)/glass photocatalyst have been determined using techniques including FESEM + EDS, FTIR and UV-DR analysis. The photocatalytic activity has been demonstrated on the simulated methyl orange (MO) solution (10 ppm) irradiated under ultraviolet light (6 W, λ = 312 and 365 nm) with different photodegradation parameters such as number of layers, concentration and pH of MO solution. It indicated that Cs–TiO2(DP25)/glass photocatalyst exhibited excellent formation of coordinate covalent bonding between Ti-O to Si-O, Ti-O-to-NH2 or Ti-O-to-OH groups. The optimum photodegradation recorded for the Cs–TiO2(DP25)/glass photocatalyst has reached to 78%, with 10 ppm of MO concentration, at a normal pH and 1 h retention time. Meanwhile, optimum adsorption process has been recorded to be more than 70%. It was concluded that the combination of the adsorption and photodegradation process from Cs–TiO2(DP25)/glass photocatalyst has great potential for treating wastewater for other types of organic/inorganic pollutants.


In this paper a simple, precise and rapid high performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection has been developed for the determination of saxagliptin and metformin in bulk. An Agilent, Zorbax CN (250 × 4.6 mm I.D., 5 μm) column was used with a mobile phase mixture of methanol-50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.7) in a gradient elution mode at a flow rate of 1.0 ml min-1. The analytes were detected at 225 nm and total run time for the method was 7 min. The calibration graphs were linear in the range of 5.00-125.00 μg ml-1 for saxagliptin and 2.50-62.50 μg ml-1 for metformin. For stability indicating study, saxagliptin was subjected to acid, neutral and alkali hydrolysis, oxidation and heat stress. The developed method could be used for quality control assay for SAX in tablets and for stability studies as the method separates SAX from its degradation products and tablet excipients.


Buenos Aires began the twentieth century as a prosperous port drawing European immigrants to serve a booming export economy. It expanded outward from its core of urban power and prosperity through suburbanization, early on segregating slaughterhouse zones from sites of recreation for the comfortable. Mid-century industrialization drew workers to the peripheries—which became zones of labor politics and bases for active citizenship and Peronist power. Peronist economic and political power sustained an unequally shared prosperity past World War I. Then de-industrialization in times of population expansion accompanied by military dictatorship (1976-1983) and a new suburbanization to protect the wealthy brought the polarizing mix wealth and marginality, formality and informality faced earlier in other New World cities. Re-democratization failed to bring more shared prosperity—or an escape from repeated cycles of promise and crisis.


Air transport has made a major contribution to globalization and world economic growth. However, aircraft operations inevitably have a serious impact on the environment. Leading airlines have established policies, goals, and action plans on environmental management. This study uses a questionnaire survey to gain an understanding of the views and attitudes of airline managers in Taiwan toward environmental management. The results show that airline managers mostly have a positive and supportive attitude regarding environmental management, and believe that airlines can play an important role in environmental protection. The most important motivations for promoting environmental management are improving company image, reducing harm to the natural environment, and fulfilling corporate social responsibility, while the main obstacles to the development of environmental management are insufficient government grants, subsidies, and incentives, investment capital too high, and inadequate aviation environmental regulations. This study also reveals that the government should take a more proactive role in the development of Taiwanese airlines' environmental management.


In this study, the on-site treatment of soil contaminated by heavy metals and petroleum was tested using relocatable soil washing equipment for greater remediation efficiency. Different combinations of pH and solid/liquid ratio were tested to determine the optimum balance, settling on values of 5 and 1:2, respectively. Thereafter, soils containing Pb, Hg, and petroleum were further tested to assess the optimum number of washing cycles. The remediation efficiency of Pb and Hg in soil contaminated solely by heavy metals was 90.1 and 86.4% after three and two washings, respectively. The remediation efficiency of petroleum in soil contaminated solely by petroleum was 98.8% after one washing. When soil contaminated by both heavy metals and petroleum was cleaned, up to 91.0% of Pb, 86.9% of Hg, and 96.1% of petroleum were removed after two, one, and one washings, respectively. All remediation efficiencies and concentration reductions satisfied the standard threshold for soil contamination in South Korea.


This paper investigates Layered Network Coding (LNC) and Hierarchical Network Coding (HNC) for Peer-to-Peer live multimedia streaming. By combining the hierarchy of layered source coding with random network coding, we implement both LNC and HNC according to the importance order of encoded source layers. At the playback deadline, if currently received data are not enough to recover the original data completely, the most important layers can be recovered to maintain the smooth playback. A tuning scheme for the generating probabilities in HNC is also proposed, which takes into account both the priority and the length of each layer. Simulation results show that both LNC and HNC can recover the important layers earlier than the general network coding.


Abstract In this paper, we studied the separability of the non-linear Schrodinger operator of the form S u x = − Δ u x + V x , u u x ,  where  Δ u x = ∑ i = 1 n ∂ 2 u x ∂ x i 2 , $Su\left(x\right)=-{\Delta}u\left(x\right)+V\left(x,u\right)u\left(x\right),\hspace{0.17em}\text{where}\hspace{0.17em}{\Delta}u\left(x\right)={\sum }_{i=1}^{n}\frac{{\partial }^{2}u\left(x\right)}{\partial {x}_{i}^{2}},$ with the non-linear matrix potential V x , u $V\left(x,u\right)$ . We obtained the sufficient conditions for separability of this operator in the space L 2 R n ℓ ${L}_{2}{\left({R}^{n}\right)}^{\ell }$ and we established the suitable coercive inequalities.


1PG scholar, Dept of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dr. MCET, Tamilnadu, India 2Associate Professor, Dept of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dr. MCET, Tamilnadu, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract This paper is to establish a predictive power control strategy which is used to improve the stability of power systems. This has been done in the presence of wind farms based on Doubly Fed Induction Generator [DFIG] using Static Synchronous Series Compensator [SSSC] and Super Capacitor Energy Storage System [SCESS]. In our proposed system, SCESS is used to control the active power in the Grid Side Converter [GSC] and SSSC is used to reduce the low frequency oscillations. SCESS is composed of a capacitor bank and a dual switch DC/DC converter which is connected to DFIG through the DC link. In this method, it is used to control the active and reactive power of the Rotor Side Converter [RSC] as well as damping controller design for SCESS and SSSC. For improving the power system stability, an SSSC is used, which is a modern power quality FACTS device that employs a voltage source converter connected in series to a transmission line through a transformer. The Model Predictive Control (MPC) is used, which will predict the future value of the system in order to increase the damping ratio of the system. Thus, the system has been simulated and tested on MATLAB/SIMULINK.


Crosslinked N-(2-pyridylmethyl)chitosan(=PMC) with lower affinity for iron(III) was synthesized to improve the selectivity of copper(II)/iron(III). Compared with that of the crosslinked copper-complexed chitosan, the order of selectivity of copper(II)/iron(III) was reversed. Copper(II) was selectively adsorbed on PMC at a lower pH by 4 units over iron(III) from 1 mol dm−3 aqueous ammonium nitrate solution.


This paper describes a sort of wall-foundation on swelling soil groud.The foundation is make up of RC girder(or combine similarity construct columniation),brick wall body and foundation ring girder.It increases the strength and rigidity of building wall,improves the adaptive capacity of building wall to the ground deformation of swelling soil and avoids the dangers of buildings caused by the expand-shrink deformation of swelling soil ground.This technology has got the new and practical patent of country.