This study attempts to group investors into different segments based on their type (professional or individual investors) and, then, to examine whether there are differences in the various psychological biases and personality traits, as well as in their investment behaviour. The behavioural finance literature suggests four main factors that may influence investment behaviour: overconfidence, risk tolerance, self-monitoring and social influence. Adopting this approach, a cluster analysis of data from a representative survey of 345 investors in Greece has confirmed the existence of two main segments of investors: professionals and individuals. The results will expand investors' knowledge about the financial decision-making process and trading behaviour and will also reveal the differences in the trading behaviour between the groups of investors.


Over the years, electronic mail (E-mail) has been the target of several malicious attacks. Phishing is one of the most recognizable forms of manipulation aimed at Email users and usually, employ social engineering to trick innocent users into supplying sensitive information into an imposter website. Attacks from phishing emails can result in the exposure of confidential information, financial loss, data misuse, and others. This paper presents the implementation of a maximum entropy classification method for efficient approach to the identification of phishing emails. Our result showed that maximum entropy with parsimonious feature space gives a better classification precision than both the Naive Bayes and SVM.


Rwanda has embraced e-government. As the first step of implementation, services are being developed and provided online. As e-government matures over time, due to challenges and opportunities prese ...


Bachelor's thesis deals with ethical problems in tourist industry that concern the cultural differences of Jewish clients and the ways to deal with them. The ain of the thesis is the analysis of the tourism industry with particular aim at Jewish tourists and to point out the specifics of this culture when creating the products and providing services for them. First is the theoretical and methodology part that brings in the basic terms that are co-related with ethics, values and value orientation in different cultures, also affected by religion among other factors. The second part is analytical. It analyses the history and the evolution of the jewish culture, their habits and traditions. The analysis by the kosher hotel King David in Prague as well as with the help of interviews the thesis compares the specific needs of Jewish clients in tourist industry while concentrating on the promotion of the hotel. The last proposal part presents the ideas how to improve on the knowledge about the kosher meals, the language proficiency of the hotel's staff and options of the cooperation and promotion of the kosher hotel King David, what eventually makes an overall improvement of the King David hotel's quality and an increase in awareness of the aimed clientele.


In this paper, a ring form electronic resistance (ER) sensor system was developed for the study of under-deposit corrosion (UDC) caused by mineral deposit in pipeline conditions. The corrosion status of different locations along the pipeline circle direction and the galvanic current between the deposit-covered area and the bare steel area were monitored by the conjunction of the ER method and electrochemical noise technique. The performance of inhibitor ethylene diamine tetra methylene phosphonic acid sodium (EDTMPS) on UDC was studied by both the electrochemical method and the ring form ER sensor system. The measurement results demonstrated that the inhomogeneous distribution of the rust layer will cause heterogeneous corrosion patterns in the pipeline. Though EDTMPS showed an excellent inhibition effect for the corrosion of both deposit-covered steel and bare steel in electrochemical tests, it failed for the inhibition of UDC in the pipeline working conditions and serious localised corrosion beneath the sand particle was monitored by the sensor system.


* Part 1: Understanding the Globalised World * 1. From Worldwide Colonial Mercantilism to Globalisation * 2. The Hidden Face of the Global Market * 3. The Masters of the Globalised World * 4. The Overseers * 5. The Ideology of Globalisation * 6. The United Nations, Patroness of the Third World * 7. The Tragedy of the Commons * 8. The Slums of the Global Village * Part 2: Reclaiming the Commons * 9. Another World Is Possible * 10. Who Will Do It? * 11. Reclaiming the Economy * 12. The Four Forms of Reappropriation * 13. A Cause for the 21st Century


In the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses as health care workers have an important role and high contact with patients directly. This review aimed to know the literature that discusses nurses' experience in dealing with COVID-19 patients and provides input for research on nurses' experience in providing care. In this study, the methodology scoping review of Aksay and O'Malley was used. The search for the article used an advanced search technique on several databases and search engines. As a result, 1,505 articles were found and screened, which resulted from those eight articles being suitable. Based on the articles reviewed, the study has several aspects, such as physical, psychological, environmental, inadequate care, high risk of exposure, and coping strategies. In conclusion, nurses risk having terrible conditions during this pandemic, so providing physical, psychological and emotional resources in their practice environment is necessary. © 2022 UPM Press. All rights reserved.


In modern societies, all activities of businesses is for participating more effectively among of market competitors and in addition to their physical presence, their virtual presence is also felt. This new sort of presence has caused that at present time we can see all businesses design websites and in this way notify their customers in the virtual space about the information of their business. As a result, it is possible that in the beginning costumers become familiar with Companies websites and then figure out the real part of the businesses that this issue takes special attention for websites design and website's position improvement in search engines. In this study, with a particular focus on the Web sites that are related to tourism centers and travel agencies, the effect of their websites design styles and implement of SEO techniques on the e-tourism development has investigated. Statistical data have been collected through distributing questionnaire among 70 users of mentioned website and after approving its validation, the results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the effective factors of affecting a proper website design and implement of SEO with the development of tourism.


Aim. To substantiate the application of the infrared range narrow-band optical radiation and kinesiotaping combined effect in the complex treatment of patients with posterior cervical sympathetic syndrome on the basis of clinical studies.
Material and methods. The dynamics of complaints for dizziness in 60 patients of two groups were evaluated using the DHI (Dizziness Handicap Inventory) and VRBQ (Vestibular Rehabilitation Benefit Questionnaire) scales, headache and pain in the neck using the visual analog scale (VAS), tinnitus, visual defocusing, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, decreased concentration and attention using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). To assess the posture, the shoulder Aksenova index was used. A duplex scan of the brachycephalic arteries and an assessment of anxiety and depression on the Sheehan and Beck scales, respectively,
were used to assess blood flow through the vertebral arteries.
Results. Statistically reliable data (p <0.05) for reducing dizziness, headache, pain in the cervical region, reducing the severity of tinnitus, defocusing vision, nausea, and decreasing concentration and attention were obtained in the group using the combined effects of narrow-band infrared optical radiation and kinesiotherapy in comparison with the control group. Statistically reliable data (p <0.05) for improving linear velocity of blood flow Vm, Vps for the left vertebral artery at the extracranial level and statistically reliable data (p<0.05) for improving linear velocity of blood flow Vm, Vps for vertebral arteries were obtained at the intracranial level. Statistically reliable data (p<0.05) on the effectiveness of kinesiotaping for the correction of the upper cross syndrome were obtained.
Conclusion. The application of the narrow-band infrared range optical radiation and kinesioteping combined exposure can be recommended in the complex treatment of patients with posterior cervical sympathetic syndrome as well as to increase the linear velocity of blood flow in the vertebral arteries, the use of kinesiotaping can be recommended for the correction of biomechanical disorders, correction of the upper cross syndrome.


Energy efficiency and soundproofed are important areas of comfort and energy savings for the consumer. In this regard, the building materials market today offer a wide range of types and brands of insulating materials.Their diversity might lead consumers astray. Each manufacturer specific material information in its advertising to the merits of their material, without the other features of its application, which in some cases simply inadmissible to apply in some cases.This article describes the basic principles of comparison materials, which the user can choose the most suitable option for him, based on priority technical and economic characteristics. Examined two groups of insulating materials.As a result of market analysis developed the technique presented in the form of tables and optimizing the choice of a product on a broad criterion of performance.


Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, The Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Ministry of Education, Beijing, China. Ziyan Wu, MM* Hua Chen, MD* Fei Sun, MD* Juanjuan Xu, MM Wenjie Zheng, MD Ping Li, MM Si Chen, MM Ming Shen, MD Wen Zhang, MD Mengtao Li, MD Xin You, MD Qingjun Wu, MD Fengchun Zhang, MD Yongzhe Li, MD *These authors made an equal contribution to this work. Please address correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr Yongzhe Li, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 41 Damucang Hutong, Xicheng District, 100032 Beijing, China. E-mail: email@example.com Received on June 21, 2013; accepted in revised form on October 4, 2013. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2014; 32 (Suppl. 84): S20-S26. © Copyright CliniCal and ExpErimEntal rhEumatology 2014.


Biological agents such as omalizumab and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that inhibit type 2 (T2) immunity significantly reduce exacerbations, which are mainly due to viral infections, when added to inhaled corticosteroids in patients with severe asthma. The mechanisms for the therapeutic benefit of T2 inhibitors in reducing virally induced exacerbations, however, remain to be fully elucidated. Pre-clinical and clinical evidence supports the existence of a close counter-regulation of the high-affinity IgE receptor and interferon (IFN) pathways, and a potential dual mechanism of action and therapeutic benefit for omalizumab and other T2 inhibitors that inhibit IgE activity, which may enhance the prevention and treatment of virally induced asthma exacerbations. Similar evidence regarding some novel T2 inhibitor therapies, including mAbs and small-molecule inhibitors, suggests that such a dual mechanism of action with enhancement of IFN production working through non-IgE pathways might also exist. The specific mechanisms for this dual effect could be related to the close counter-regulation between T2 and T1 immune pathways, and potential key underlying mechanisms are discussed. Further basic research and better understanding of these underlying counter-regulatory mechanisms could provide novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of virally induced asthma exacerbations, as well as T2- and non-T2-driven asthma. Future clinical research should examine the effects of T2 inhibitors on IFN responses and other T1 immune pathways, in addition to any effects on the frequency and severity of viral and other infections and related exacerbations in patients with asthma as a priority. T2 pathway inhibitors, including mAbs, significantly reduce asthma exacerbations, most of which are virus induced, and may act via a dual mechanism of action or counter-regulation, with targeted reduction in airway inflammation and enhanced IFN production http://ow.ly/N3zd30onQV9


—Joint source-channel coding (JSCC) has achieved great success due to the introduction of deep learning (DL). Compared to traditional separate source-channel coding (SSCC) schemes, the advantages of DL-based JSCC (DJSCC) include high spectrum efficiency, high reconstruction quality, and relief of "cliff effect". However, it is difficult to couple existing secure communication mechanisms (e.g., encryption-decryption mechanism) with DJSCC in contrast with traditional SSCC schemes, which hinders the practical usage of this emerging technology. To this end, our paper proposes a novel method called DL-based joint protection and source-channel coding (DJPSCC) for images that can successfully protect the visual content of the plain image without significantly sacrificing image reconstruction performance. The idea of the design is to use a neural network to conduct visual protection, which converts the plain image to a visually protected one with the consideration of its interaction with DJSCC. During the training stage, the proposed DJPSCC method learns: 1) deep neural networks for image protection and image deprotection, and 2) an effective DJSCC network for image transmission in the protected domain. Compared to existing source protection methods applied with DJSCC transmission, the DJPSCC method achieves much better reconstruction performance.


The genetic diversity of rat like hamster( Cricetulus triton) populations in Hebei Province,China was investigated using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) method through the polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Eighty seven discernible DNA fragments were isolated from the DNA of 209 rat like hamsters(spring population 60, summer population 45, autumn population 59, winter population 45), of which over 86 2% were polymorphic. The proportion of polymorphic loci, Shannon index and Neis index showed similar seasonal trends, genetic diversity being highest in spring and lowest in autumn irrespective of which method was used. These seasonal changes in genetic diversity do not support the Ford hypothesis. We propose a new hypothesis, "The Reproduction and Dispersal Balanced Hypothesis" to explain the seasonal changes in genetic diversity we observed. The genetic diversity of a population cannot simply be described by the Ford hypothesis in terms of natural selection alone. The genetic relationship among individuals, which is mainly determined by dispersal, also affects the genetic diversity of a population.


Certain gateways (e.g., some cable or DSL modems) are known to have low reliability and low availability. Most failures of these devices can however be "fixed" by rejuvenating the device after a failure has been detected. Such a detection based rejuvenation strategy permits increasing the availability of these gateways. In the considered scenario, rejuvenation is non-trivial since a failure of such a gateway will leave it partitioned away from the network. In particular, network operators that want to rejuvenate these gateways are in a different network partition, and can therefore not initiate a remote rejuvenation. In this paper we propose a failure detection based rejuvenation service and a remote detection service. The rejuvenation service detects and fixes "soft" failures automatically (in one partition), and the detection service detects (in another partition) all rejuvenations exactly once, within a bounded amount of time, even when the gateway is rejuvenated consecutively. The detection service also allows the detection of "hard" failures, and filtering of notifications of soft failures.


Cluster is one of the popular methods in data mining over the last few years.It has been applied in statistics,database and artificial intelligence, etc.This paper introduces an idea that K-means algorithm is combined with relation database manage system.The target allows cluster to lots of data in relation to database manage system.Experiment results proved that the modified K-means algorithm can obtain better cluster results.


The technology disclosed uses a 3D deep convolutional neural network architecture (DCNNA) equipped with so-called subnetwork modules which perform dimensionality reduction operations on 3D radiological volume before the 3D radiological volume is subjected to computationally expensive operations. Also, the subnetworks convolve 3D data at multiple scales by subjecting the 3D data to parallel processing by different 3D convolutional layer paths. Such multi-scale operations are computationally cheaper than the traditional CNNs that perform serial convolutions. In addition, performance of the subnetworks is further improved through 3D batch normalization (BN) that normalizes the 3D input fed to the subnetworks, which in turn increases learning rates of the 3D DCNNA. After several layers of 3D convolution and 3D sub-sampling with 3D across a series of subnetwork modules, a feature map with reduced vertical dimensionality is generated from the 3D radiological volume and fed into one or more fully connected layers.


We commend Becker and colleagues for assessing one type of potential exposure to HIV medical injections rarely examined in HIV epidemiology in India and other developing nations. However their interpretation of their results is at odds with the evidence they presented and their research design severely limits the inferences about transmission that can be drawn from the study. Remarkable proportions of their respondents reported receiving medical injections in the past year (68%) and ever (95%). Becker and colleagues observed a dose dependent association between the number of medical injections received and prevalent HIV infection (e.g. adjusted odds ratio for 10+ versus no injections in the past year 2.3 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.3). Clearly this is a meaningful relationship and it is consistent with other research in India. However Becker and colleagues concluded that . . . data from this study do not provide evidence for an association between HIV infection and medical injections. (excerpt)


There are many very complicated methods on the market of recovering waste heat from refrigeration systems. Most are based on a particular manufacturer's product. Most result in having to run the refrigeration system at higher than necessary condensing conditions, wasting rather than conserving energy. Through the techniques shown above with the use of very common components, multiple condenser systems can be developed with usable temperatures as high as 220 F, while allowing the main compressor system to operate at normal condensing temperatures. There is no reason why any plant with a large refrigeration system should be spending money for fuel to heat washdown water. The possibilities for heat recovery are as numerous as the imaginations of refrigeration system owners and designers.


The compound NH(PF2)(PF4) has been prepared from PF2[NH(SiH3)] by reaction with PF5. Vibrational, photoelectron, n.m.r., and mass spectroscopic data have been recorded, and interpreted in terms of the probable structure and conformation of the molecule. At low temperatures the phosphorus(V) group has chemically equivalent equatorial fluorine atoms but non-equivalent axial atoms, indicating restricted rotation about the P–N bond as well as restricted pseudo-rotation. At high temperatures, all four fluorine atoms are equivalent.


ABSTRACT The essay analyses the iconography of the sixteenth-century frescoes by the Mannerist painter Bertoja in the 'Sala del bacio' of the 'Palazzo del Giardino', Parma. The series is interpreted as an allegory on the humanist theme of 'Friendship', seen as a Boiardan, epic, and aristocratic topic by members of the so-called 'Republic of Letters', of which Ottavio Farnese, patron of the frescoes, was a prominent member. The frescoes provide evidence of the fortunes of Boiardo's poem beyond the limits of the period's illustrated editions, displaying a different dimension of the poem's visual reception.


Palm Oil contains high content of carotenoids and is a rich source of vitamin E consisting of tocopherols and tocotrienols which are well known nutritional antioxidants. Lipid oxidation has seriously limited the stability of palm oil resulting in rancidity. Therefore this work evaluates the antioxidant potential of Monodora myristica (African nutmeg) on Palm oil stability. Monodora myristica extract was obtained by maceration technique using n-hexane as solvent. Equal volumes of Palm oil obtained from one source were treated with different volumes (0.2ml, 0.4ml, 0.6m, 0.8m, 1.0ml) of African Nutmeg extract using syringe. Two experimental groups were prepared. A group were placed under the sun (S.S) and the other group in a room (S.R) for a period of two weeks. These treated oil samples were analyzed by titration, on weekly basis to determine the free fatty acid content and acid value. Results obtained showed that for the two groups of treated Palm oil, the free fatty acid content and acid value increased significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) at lower volumes of extract and as the period (week) extends. The free fatty acid content and acid value of oil samples treated with higher extract volumes decreased significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) for both groups (S.S and S.R). However all the values were higher than pre-treatment values. Hence, Monodora myristica extract reduces effect of lipid oxidation on palm oil and consequently increases its stability.


Abstract Didactic heuristic arguments, based on the quantum mechanics of the vacuum and the structure of space—time, are reviewed concerning particle creation from the vacuum by an electric field, vacuum radiation in an accelerated frame, black-hole radiation, minimum mass black holes, space-time breakdown, maximal proper acceleration, the space-time tangent bundle and intrinsic Planck-scale regularization of quantum fields.


The component disassembling technology of printed circuit board is taking on more importance in the field of electronic waste disassembly. When disassembling electronic components from waste printed circuit board, its implementation programs are to inject hot air into printed circuit board through spray nozzle and melt the solder joints through thermal convection. The structure of air heating outlet for disassembling electronic components from waste printed circuit board is investigated to reduce energy consumption in solder melting process. This paper proposes a structural analysis method of conical heating holes to reduce the energy consumption of hot air and improve the temperature uniformity in solder melting process. With advantages of high efficiency and low-cost, numerical simulation method is totally used to obtain optimal dimension parameters of the conical hole from a wide range of optional parameters. The numerical simulation takes air as the heating medium and adopts the mode of heat convection under optimal melting temperature range (200–230 ℃). The optimized results of the parameters of a single conical hole and multiple conical holes are obtained based on numerical simulation. When the distance between the inlet and the substrate is 50 mm, the optimal inlet temperature and velocity are 235 ℃ and 8 m/s, respectively. For a single conical hole, the optimal inlet height, top diameter, and angle are 6 mm, 16 mm, and 20°, respectively. For multiple conical holes, the optimal distance between the center lines of two inlet ranges from 50 mm to 56 mm.


Objective
To explore the clinical effect of surgical treatment of gastric ulcer.

Methods
A total of 76 patients with gastric ulcer treaded from December 2016 to December 2018 in the First People's Hospital of Yangquan were divided into two groups. The 38 cases in the control group were treated with routine conservative treatment, and 38 cases in the observation group were treated by surgery.

Results
In the observation group, the total effective rate (97.37% ) was higher and complication rate (18.42%)were lower than those in the control group; the recurrence rate of the observation group was lower than those of the control group in 3 months (0) and 6 months (5.26%) after operation.

Conclusions
The overall curative effect of surgical treatment for gastric ulcer patients is more remarkable, the complication rate and recurrence rate are lower, and the surgical treatment has higher application value.

Key words:
Gastric ulcer; Surgery; Curative effect


A transformation towards a bioeconomy is needed to reduce the environmental impacts and resource requirements of different industries. However, considering the finiteness of land and biomass, such a transition requires strategizing resource and land allocation towards activities that yield maximum environmental benefit. This paper aims to develop a resource-based comparative indicator between economic sectors to enable optimal use of biobased resources. A new methodology is proposed to analyze the climate effectiveness of using straw in the agricultural, energy and construction sectors. For this purpose, avoided and delayed emissions are analyzed for different use cases of straw and then compared. Considering only avoided emissions, the use of straw as a feedstock for bioelectricity has the highest climate effectiveness (930 kg CO2 eq. / tstraw). Considering only temporal carbon storage, straw-based insulation in buildings has the highest climate effectiveness (881 kg CO2 eq. / tstraw). Combining avoided and delayed emissions, the use of straw-based insulation has the highest climate effectiveness (1344 kg CO2 eq. / tstraw). Today EU-Policies incentives the use of straw in the agricultural sector and the energy sector, neglecting the benefit from its use in the construction sector. The results can support policymakers' trans-sectoral incentives, where agriculture by-products are diverted towards the use of biomass that most boost economic activities and trigger maximum environmental benefit, given the local circumstances.


Thermally stimulated discharge has been used in the past to diagnose and estimate the magnitude of electrical polarization in polymers. Nevertheless, molecular characterization of operative phenomena by this technique alone is often a difficult task. In the present work, infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy has been used to investigate the origin of thermally stimulated discharge currents near 200°C in externally unpolarized films of polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Spectroscopic analysis of thermally degraded films reveals some unsaturation of the PAN backbone and possibly the generation of cyanide ions. Opposite surfaces in a solvent-cast film give different spectra, indicating a gradient in chemical degradation products across the film thickness. Data suggest that nonuniform generation of charged species and unsaturated bonds gives rise to internal potentials in PAN. The origin of thermally stimulated currents in PAN near 200°C is thus believed to be associated with the onset of chemical degradation.


Background: Epithelial elements, such as trichoepithelioma, are occasionally associated with melanocytic nevi. Objective: A case of trichoepithelioma in association with cellular blue nevus is reported. Methods and Results: A solitary, pigmented nodule was removed from the scalp of a middle-aged woman. Histopathologic examination demonstrated a circumscribed cellular blue nevus within which were embedded epithelial strands and cystic structures consistent with trichoepithelioma. Conclusion: Trichoepitheliomas have been described in relation to common acquired nevi, but an association with a blue nevus is rare. The intimate admixture of trichoepithelioma within the nodule of a nevus supports the concept of epithelial induction by melanocytic nevi.


We derive an analytical expression for the intermediate scattering function of a particle on a flat surface obeying the Generalised Langevin equation, with exponential memory friction. Numerical simulations based on an extended phase space method confirm the analytical results. The simulated trajectories provide qualitative insight into the effect that introducing a finite memory timescale has on the analytical line shapes. The relative amplitude of the long-time exponential tail of the line shape is suppressed, but its decay rate is unchanged, reflecting the fact that the cutoff frequency of the exponential kernel affects short-time correlations but not the diffusion coefficient which is defined in terms of a long-time limit. The exponential sensitivity of the relative amplitudes to the decay time of the chosen memory kernel is a very strong indicator for the prospect of inferring a friction kernel and the physical insights from experimentally measured intermediate scattering functions.


The indefinite description a small bird is the antecedent for the different occurrences of the anaphoric pronoun he and the anaphoric definite description the bird in the subsequent sentences. The coherence of the small fragment can only be established if we can assign the same referent to the antecedent and its anaphoric expressions. Thus, discourse semantics has to explain the anaphoric linkages by assigning the right reference to the anaphoric expressions.


The tradeoff between selectivity and throughput presents fundamental challenges to improve desalination and charge storage, salinity gradient-based energy harvesting, memory device/circuit developm...


An interesting feature of planetary bodies with hydrospheres is the presence of an electrically conducting shell near the global surface. This conducting shell may typically lie between relatively insulating rock, ice, or atmosphere, creating a strong constraint on the flow of large-scale electric currents. All or parts of the shell may be in fluid motion relative to main components of the rotating planetary magnetic field (as well as the magnetic fields due to external bodies), creating motionally-induced electric currents that would not otherwise be present. As such, one may expect distinguishing features in the types of electrodynamic processes that occur, as well as an opportunity for imposing specialized mathematical methods that efficiently address this class of application. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss such specialized methods. Specifically, thin-shell approximations for both the electrodynamics and fluid dynamics are combined to derive simplified mathematical formulations describing the behavior of these electric currents as well as their associated electric and magnetic fields. These simplified formulae allow analytical solutions featuring distinct aspects of the thin-shell electrodynamics in idealized cases. A highly efficient numerical method is also presented that is useful for calculations under inhomogeneous parameter distributions. Finally, the advantages as well as limitations in using this mathematical approach are evaluated. This evaluation is presented primarily for the generic case of bodies with water worlds or other thin spherical conducting shells. More specific discussion is given for the case of Earth, but also Europa and other satellites with suspected oceans. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland at College Park and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Geodesy and Geophysics Laboratory, Code 61A, Greenbelt, MD 20771 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com; Tel: 301-614-6472


To the editor:

Montes-Moreno et al recently reported the usefulness of SPIB as a novel immunohistochemical marker for supporting the diagnosis of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN).[1][1] The article highlights the well-recognized difficulty in approaching the diagnosis of BPDCN,


IT is generally accepted that the biologic sciences are absolutely splendid. In just the past decade, they have uncovered a huge mass of brand-new information, and there is plenty more ahead; the b...


In this article a novel and effective method for identification of modulation type in digital communication signals at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) is proposed. This method is based on the optimization of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and includes three major modules, namely, feature extraction, classification and optimization. In the feature extraction module, a novel combination of the higher order moments (up to eight), higher order cumulants (up to eight) and spectral characteristics are proposed as the most effective features. The ANFIS is considered as a classifier. In the training phase of the ANFIS, the vector of radius plays a very important role in improving the recognition accuracy. Therefore, in the optimization module, cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA) is proposed for optimization of the classifier. Experimental results clearly indicate that the proposed hybrid intelligent method has a high classification accuracy to discriminate between different types of digital signals even at very low SNRs.


a There is a strong movement among evangelicals today to emphasize "intelligent design" as the argument of choice against naturalism and Darwinian evolution. The movement is also called "mere creation" or "the wedge movement," the idea being to avoid controversial subjects such as the Biblical doctrine of creation in talking to evolutionists. Any discussion of a young earth, six-day creation, a worldwide flood and other Biblical records of early history will turn off scientists and other professionals, they say, so we should simply use the evidence of intelligent design as a "wedge" to pry them loose from their naturalistic premises. Then, later, we can follow up this opening by presenting the gospel, they hope. But this approach, even if wellmeaning and effectively articulated, will not work! It has often been tried in the past and has failed, and it will fail today. The reason it won't work is because it is not the Biblical method. The famous book, Natural Theology, written two centuries ago by William Paley, profoundly impressed Charles Darwin with the evidence of design in nature. But it didn't lead him to Christ. Instead, he embarked on a lifelong quest to find an alternative to the Christian God as an explanation of apparent design. This quest led him to the "discovery" of natural selection as that desired alternative, and this concept soon became the worldview of the western world. There are, indeed, innumerable evidences of "intelligent design" in the world, from the stars in their courses to the insects in the forests. Isaac Asimov, certainly one of the century's outstanding scientists and writers, called the human brain "the most complex and orderly arrangement of matter in the universe." But he still remained an atheist. Sir Julian Huxley, probably the chief architect of neo-Darwinism, once made the following remarkable statement of faith in natural selection, after discussing the complexity of the horse: One with three million noughts after it is the measure of the unlikeliness of a horse—the odds against it happening at all. No one would bet on anything so improbable happening: and yet it has happened! It has happened, thanks to the working of natural selection. . . . 2


A purification apparatus exhaust emissions for an engine (1), comprising: a reduction catalytic converter (4) disposed in an exhaust passage (2a) of said engine for purifying nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gases by reduction by reaction with a reducing agent which, in the reduction catalytic converter (4), a catalyst support (7) is incorporated in a cylindrical housing (6) is formed so as to have a diameter larger than a cross section the exhaust passage (2a) and is arranged to be separated a predetermined one side edge portion of the exhaust upstream (6a) of the box (6) interval; an injection nozzle (5) to supply the reducing agent injection at a position in said exhaust passage (2a) located on the upstream side of said exhaust reduction catalytic converter (4); and a generation means swirling flow arranged in an upstream side exhaust an injection position (5a) of the reducing agent in said injection nozzle (5) to generate, in the exhaust gas, a swirling flow that it swirls around a spiral corresponding to a central axis of said exhaust passage (2a) center; wherein the exhaust passage (2a) whose edge portion (2b) serving as a gas inlet 15 exhaust open is inserted at an approximate center of the side edge portion upstream of the exhaust (6a) box (6), and a diameter of an inner peripheral face of the edge portion (2b) expands shaped bell mouth to the side of downstream exhaust box (6).


Electronic product companies (OEMs) face difficult problems today when dealing with the many divergent demand of bringing new products to market. These demands include: Higher system performance; greater feature set; reduced costs; reduced size and weight. Responding to these demands, engineers are increasingly turning to advanced packaging technologies for solutions. However, the best results from these technologies are often obtained only when non-traditional design approaches are used. Designers often overlook valuable resources when they are first exploring advanced packaging alternatives-contract manufacturers. Many of them are experienced with a variety of these technologies and offer their customers design services as well as production services.


Wan Longsheng's composition of modem poems with classical forms and his integration of poetic cultures are a broadening and a development of connotation of modern po-ems which are composed according to classical form and rule, as well as an inheritance of achievements of literature pioneers' such as Wen Yiduo. His works have the features of harmony and his narrating style displays a sense of tranquility. The beauty of his poems is expressed not only in the language and format, but also in the structure and imago, and in the implication of his poems as well.


The occupancy of the K=0 ground state of the biexciton in CuCl is measured by nonlinear optical methods. An increase of the optical phase conjugation signal is observed when a random high density of biexcitons is injected into the crystal. The corresponding increase of coherency is attributed to a quantum attraction towards a Bose-Einstein condensate of biexcitons


With the further development of market economy, the transformation and upgrading of private economy is imperative, It sets a higher demand to private enterprise's independent innovation ability. Independent innovation can improve the core competitiveness of private enterprises, but there are still concepts, foundation and environment barriers in the independent innovation process of private enterprise. It needs through innovative concepts to enhance private enterprise independent innovation initiative, so does building financing, talented person, information platform to ram private enterprise independent innovative foundation, government's policy support, the fair market environment, the improvement of social service system to optimize the innovation environment and enhance the private enterprise independent innovation ability.


in English, 250 words or less): The project wants to resolve arising problems from incidents with water spills in companies by monitoring the pH value of water. These spills are detected in general late and therefore difficult to control, with the physical device of the project and the associated web platform, the project wants to introduce companies in an economic, effective and easy manner way of controlling all possible incidents: early warning and follow-up of serious incidents. The device is developed on Arduino and communicates with web servers located on the Internet (or through it) using the SIM900 chip integrated in a shield. In addition, the device has been equipped with a GPS receiver capable of keeping the monitoring system geolocated, in such a way that it facilitates the reading and analysis of data to people not present in the companies. The entire system is interconnected using a PCB board manufactured in a professional way; Likewise, a real and functional prototype is created using pieces for this purpose applying 3D printing. The device and system reduce the response times to environmental emergencies while at the same time monitoring areas that have not yet been possible. In conclusion, we can confirm that the arrival of devices developed with Arduino make possible to create this project economically and quickly, contrary to what happened until now that expensive and bulky facilities were needed to obtain the same (or worse) results.


............................................................................................4 Chapter I: Introduction Problem Statement.......................................................................5 Purpose.....................................................................................5 Description of Community..............................................................5 Description of Work Setting............................................................7 Writer's Role................................................................................9 Chapter II: Study of the Problem Problem Description.....................................................................10 Problem Documentation................................................................11 Literature Review........................................................................14 Causative Analysis......................................................................23 Chapter III: Outcomes and Evaluation Goals and Expectations.................................................................25 Expected Outcomes.....................................................................26 Measurement of Outcomes............................................................26 Analysis of Results........................................................................28 Chapter IV: Solution Strategy Problem Statement........................................................................29 Discussion....................................................................................29 Description of Selected Solutions......................................................32 Calendar Plan...............................................................................37 Technology Integration 3 Chapter V: Study of the Problem Results.......................................................................................46 Discussion...................................................................................48 Recommendations........................................................................52 Plans for dissemination ..................................................................55 References...........................................................................................57 Appendix A: Survey on technology use: ......................................................61 Appendix B: Student Survey on technology use: ...........................................62 Appendix C: Technology Integration Project Guide and Summary.....................63 Technology Integration 4 Abstract Technology integration is becoming a major component within the Alberta Education system, yet teachers are having problems successfully implementing it into their curriculum. These problems may be caused by several issues, including a lack of education in the area, attitudes towards technology, or lack of a successful technology integration plan within a school or school division. Within this research, the writer discusses problems that may prevent a schoolTechnology integration is becoming a major component within the Alberta Education system, yet teachers are having problems successfully implementing it into their curriculum. These problems may be caused by several issues, including a lack of education in the area, attitudes towards technology, or lack of a successful technology integration plan within a school or school division. Within this research, the writer discusses problems that may prevent a school from implementing a successful technology integration program within a school, and ways that a successful plan can be incorporated using people and resources that are already available within a school. Technology Integration 5 Chapter 1: Introduction Problem Statement The problem is teachers within an Alberta middle school are not given adequate training to use new technology that is provided for education, within a regular classroom. Christensen (2002) believes that educating teachers in the field of technology integration is the key factor for its successful implementation. Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine if there are logical ways that educators can implement educational technology within the classroom without overburdening the demands on teachers. It is important teachers take advantage of the technology that is given to them in the school, but it is also imperative that teachers are given the opportunity to learn this in a way that is cost effective for a school, and gives teachers the best chance to succeed with this new learning. Description of Community The community of Spruce Grove, Alberta, is a rapidly growing city in Northern Alberta, and is located approximately 10 kilometers away from the major city of Edmonton, Alberta. The schools within Spruce Grove are a part of the Parkland School Division, including the school within this project, Alberta middle school. The community is experiencing a rapidly growing population boom, and the population currently stands at approximately 18, 000 people. Within Parkland School Division, which is mainly made up of small rural schools, Spruce Grove is the largest city. Due to the fact that it is the largest center within Parkland School Division, it is central to where many of the education initiatives of the city are taking place. Much of the in-servicing for new Technology Integration 6 education initiatives take place within the majority of schools in Spruce Grove. There are also many pilot projects that take place within the school division, including an initiative where Parkland School Division is currently working with IBM Canada, implementing technology into the mathematics curriculum. Over the past several years, Parkland School Division has experienced a tremendous amount of growth that mirrors the population boom of the area. This is due mostly to the thriving oil industry around the area and located mostly in this northern area of Alberta. Parkland School Division consists of 22 schools: 3 early years schools (K-4), 3 elementary schools (K-6), 2 middle years schools (5-9), 2 senior high schools (10-12), 11 elementary/middle school schools (K-9) and 1, Kindergarten to Grade 12 School. Parkland serves 9,454, K 12 students residing on the western edge of Edmonton, Alberta, surrounding & including the City of Spruce Grove, Town of Stony Plain and Parkland County. The school district"s goals are focused on academic excellence for all students. Programs are designed to use assessment for learning techniques to enhance student learning. Assessment for learning is a major initiative currently being developed within the school division, and is to be incorporated until the year 2011, where then it will be looked at for further review. Parental support and learning is also something that is highly encouraged within the school division. Parents are often encouraged to attend division in-services to learn more about current initiatives that are taking place within the school division. Currently within Alberta middle school, parents are an active part of the academic climate, and are often encouraged to take part in learning with their children, in activities known as Technology Integration 7 "student-led conferences", where students lead their parents through some of the project based activities that they take part in within the school. Parents also are invited to informative sessions on things that may enhance or harm their students in their learning. For example, a session was offered to parents based on the dangers that their children may face while using the Internet for learning, and learned about ways that teachers and parents can work in a collaborative way with the students, to ensure the safest online environment that is possible. As a school district, Parkland School Division believes that all students should have opportunities for success. Differentiated learning is also something that is emphasized within Parkland School Division. Many sessions are offered to better prepare teachers to help students with many different learning styles and help those students enjoy success within the school division. With these initiatives, technology integration is an important part of Parkland School Division"s current and future needs, due to the fact that it provides so many different opportunities for student learning. Description of Work Setting The research project will take place at Alberta middle school which is located in Spruce Grove, Alberta, Canada. At this school, the student population is approximately 550 students, and there are approximately 70 computers to serve the needs of the entire school. The staff consists of 24 full-time teachers, 8 eight educational assistants, one librarian, and two school administrators. There is one SmartBoard (interactive whiteboard) that is used for the entire school, yet it is portable and can be moved from class to class. Each grade level has its own portable projector cart and laptop, to help with any multimedia presentations that are being done within their classroom. This cart Technology Integration 8 is to be shared between the four teachers at each particular grade level. Teachers within the school and in all of the province of Alberta are expected to incorporate the Information and Communication Technology outcomes (ICT) within their core curriculum classes. These outcomes were created by Alberta Education, and help students build upon their technology skills within core curriculum classes. These objectives are also to help teachers to learn how to integrate technology into their core subject areas. This Alberta middle school is currently in its second year of existence, and was built on the premise of using project-based learning. The school is known as a "middle school" and serves grades 5-9. It is far from a traditional school, and when it was built, the structures were made to accommodate classes joining together to work on proj


That a lawyer's duty to the court and the administration of justice is paramount and prevails to the extent of inconsistency with any other duty - including that owed to the lawyer's client - is well known (see 'Australian Solicitor's Conduct Rules' - Rule 3.1), but how does the apparent conflict in these duties really work in practice?


The individual expectation of life has greatly increased during the present century. The young man of twenty now has a life expectation of 50 years which is more than sufficient to take him to the currently accepted age for retirement; the young woman of twenty can expect five years more than the man. Much individual experience can be gained, and at first hand, during this lengthened life‐span but the total can never amount to more than a single grain of sand on the vast shore of human experience. I base my own faith in the value of historical studies primarily on the belief that they can help the individual to benefit, and benefit even four‐dimensionally, from the experience of those who have gone before. Of course I must also declare my personal interest. My interest in human history is prescriptive—memory runneth not to the contrary. The interest was there years before I was old enough to qualify for public library membership (age regulations are more liberal nowadays) and gained access to the shelves of G. A. Henty. I certainly remember nothing earlier than a toddler's history of England full of brightly coloured pictures, including a facing pair of "The White Ship" and "The King who never smiled again," but that is far enough back for anyone.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells in vitro.

METHODS
Human embryonic stem cells were cultured in suspension without feeder layers and bFGF in medium. mRNAs of different types of cells were analyzed by RT-PCR.

RESULTS
When Human embryonic stem cells were cultured in suspension without feeder layers and bFGF in medium, they formed floating aggregates termed embryoid bodies (EBs), in which many precursors and functional cells were detected by RT-PCR, such as neural and islet precursors, neurons, insulin-secreting cells,glucagon-secreting cells and liver cells et al.

CONCLUSION
Human embryonic stem cells are able to form embryoid bodies naturally in vitro which express specific markers of many types of precursors and mature functional cells.


NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrophysics Science Division, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA University of Iowa, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa City, Iowa, USA University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Center for Space Sciences and Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science & Technology E-mail: email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com


Conclusions * The first tranche of NATO enlargement--adding Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic next year--will help stabilize an historically unstable region and bring security benefits to all of Europe. * Enlargement raises a number of difficult questions. How should enlargement unfold in the future? What should be the standards for selecting new members? Above all, what is NATO trying to achieve by enlarging further? * It is time to take a hard look at the process of future enlargements. Enlargement needs to serve the Alliance's vital interests and Europe's security as a whole. * A NATO open-door policy, driven by only a loose set of political standards for enlargement, could have a detrimental effect on both NATO and Europe. * Enlargement needs to be guided by an explicit strategic rationale. Membership should not be granted simply for democratic conduct. Enlargement should occur only when it enhances NATO as a credible military alliance and produces compelling security benefits. Giving Enlargement A Strategic Rationale A strategic rationale for enlargement would help ensure that further NATO enlargements are carried out wisely, with positive effects. For the United States, enlargement should be one part of a strategic policy aimed at stabilizing Europe and adapting NATO to deal with new threats on Europe's periphery and beyond its borders. Admitting Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic serves this agenda and is accomplishing its strategic purpose of making Central Europe increasingly stable and secure. The countries of the region are developing democratic governments and free market economies, establishing civilian control over their militaries, and downsizing their force postures while upgrading their military quality to NATO standards. The three prospective members are contributing to military misssions on NATO's periphery. In short, they are producing more security than they consume. NATO now needs to decide whether offering accession to other aspirant states will accomplish similarly worthy goals. In September 1995, NATO proclaimed that enlargement must serve the Alliance's security interests. But the momentum of the first enlargement created a dynamic that discounts strategic purposes and increasingly emphasizes looser, less discriminating political standards. These standards imply that a European state can qualify for admission if it presents credentials as a budding democracy, with a market economy, civilian control of the military, a responsible foreign policy toward its neighbors, a credible Partnership for Peace (PFP) track record, NATO-compatible military forces, and a willingness to participate in NATO activities. These standards deny NATO a strong and consistent rationale for saying "no" when its security interests and strategic purposes are not served by enlargement. In response to the NATO open-door policy and a recently acquired freedom to choose, 12 states sought membership. Moreover, the list of potential candidates does not necessarily end there. Austria, Sweden, and Finland have not yet applied but they might, at some point; and they already meet most NATO political standards. Most aspiring states view membership as a step to advance their own security interests. Planning their military postures for the next decade or two, most of the nine aspirant states are concerned about defending themselves if the security environment deteriorates. Yet, they do not want to commit large defense budgets that would slow their economic recoveries. Membership in NATO provides strong protection and a means to minimize defense expenditures. This self-focused stance is understandable, but it could diminish the cohesion and effectiveness of NATO. The NATO approach to enlargement needs a stronger strategic focus. Deliberations tend to focus too much on the political merits of each aspiring state, rather than on Alliance goals and strategy, or the regional and theater-wide implications of admitting new members. …


The common Chinese characters in Japanese are the intersection of the Chinese vocabulary and the Japanese vocabulary.A comparison between Chinese characters in Japanese and Chinese words shows that among the 1,596 words originated from Chinese characters in Japanese newspapers,67% of them are the same and 33% are similar or different.This has occurred because of Japans' policy concerning Chinese characters,the development of the vocabulary system and the Chinese characters created in Japan.It has been found through statistic analysis that the Chinese people who do not speak any Japanese can understand at most 44.4% of the contents of Japanese newspapers.Therefore,it can be concluded that the Chinese characters in Japanese are an integral part of the Japanese lexical system.


Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is rarely associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). We describe two cases of PCI who underwent restorative proctocolectomy for UC. Case 1: A 31-year-old female diagnosed with UC at 23 years of age and treated with steroids was admitted to our hospital for abdominal distention. Examination revealed PCI extending from the ascending to transverse colon. Symptoms were relieved by hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomo-sis (IPAA) was performed because UC was intractable despite prolonged steroid treatment. Microscopic findings of the resected specimen were empty cysts in the submucosal layer extending from the caecum to the descending colon. Case 2: A 34-year-old male diagnosed with UC (left-side colitis) at 23 years of age and treated with steroids was admitted to our hospital for restorative proctocolectomy with IPAA because UC was intractable. Examination revealed PCI extending from the ascending colon to hepatic flexure. Microscopic findings of the resected specimen were empty cysts in the submucosal layer of the ascending colon.


In this study,the safety of the influenza vaccine conjugated with H5N1 avian influenza vaccine were investigated,and the cross-reaction between the two vaccines were tested.The monovalent-,tervalent-and quadrivalent-influenza vaccines and avian influenza were prepared,rabbits were immunized subsequently,and neutralizing antibodies and haemagglutination inhibition antibodies were further measured.Additionally,these vaccines were used to inoculate mouse and guinea pig,and monitored the toxicity and allergic effects.Our results demonstrated that no cross-reaction was observed using influenza vaccine conjugating with H5N1 avian influenza vaccine,nor toxicity occurred,indicating the potential application of these two conjgated vaccines.


ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS vi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER TWO: BECOMING A MISSIONARY 7 CHAPTER THREE: MARRIED OR SINGLE 24 CHAPTER FOUR: DEMONSTRATING CHRISTIANITY 44 CHAPTER FIVE: WORK AND PLAY 64 CHAPTER SIX: UNTIL DEATH DO US PART 86 CHAPTER SEVEN: CONCLUSION 93 BIBLIOGRAPHY 100


Two new species of the muricid genus Subpterynotus Olsson and Harbison, 1953 are named from the Neogene fossil beds of southern Florida. These include Subpterynotus gabbi n. sp. from the Early Pleistocene (Gelasian Age) Fort Denaud Member of the Caloosahatchee Formation, and S. feliciae n. sp. from the Late Pliocene (Piacenzian Age) Pinecrest Member of the Tamiami Formation. Both new species had previously been incorrectly assigned to the Langhian Miocene taxon S. textilis (Gabb, 1872) from the Baitoa Formation of the Dominican Republic. Another Floridian species, S. miamiensis Petuch, 1994 from the late Piacenzian Fruitville Member of the Tamiami Formation, is redescribed and compared to S. gabbi, and S. feliciae.


Sarcoidosis is a multi-organ inflammatory granulomatosis with a lung-predominant involvement. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of serum chitotriosidase (CHIT1) in patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO); the patients with confirmed diagnosis of active sarcoidosis were compared with ones affected by inactive or treated sarcoidosis. CHIT1 activity was evaluated in 110 patients initially admitted at the hospital as FUOs. The overall performance of CHIT1 for active sarcoidosis diagnosis was assessed by performing an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (AUROC). The sarcoidosis patients were significantly older than the FUO patients not affected by sarcoidosis (p < 0.01). CHIT1 showed a good accuracy as a biomarker for active sarcoidosis in patients explored for FUO (AUROC 0.955; CI 95% 0.895–0.986; p < 0.001). A CHIT1 value >90.86 showed 96.8% sensitivity (84.2–99.9) and 85.5% specificity (75–92.8) in discriminating active sarcoidosis from other causes of FUO. CHIT1 significantly discriminated active versus inactive/under treatment sarcoidosis patients (with lower enzyme activity) (ROC analysis, sensitivity: 96.9%, specificity: 94.7%, value >83.01 nmol/mL/h, AUROC: 0.958, 0.862–0.994, p < 0.001) compared to ACE (ROC analysis, sensitivity: 25.8%, specificity: 93.7%, value >65 UI/L). In conclusion, CHIT1 is a reliable/sensitive biomarker of active sarcoidosis, with values significantly decreasing in remitted/treated patients. It significantly discriminates active sarcoidosis from FUO patients, providing a useful tool in the diagnosis-assessing process.


Introduction: Role of coronary angiography is not well established in left ventricular dysfunction patients coming with dyspnoea. The aim of our study is to evaluate in a 8 year retrospective sample of patients with severe systolic dysfunction and suspicion of underlying coronary artery disease, the diagnostic value of coronary angiography in relation to the patient's clinical and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: We analyse 1022 patients observing coronary disease in 288 (28.2%) and risk factors show that diabetes, smoking, male gender and age above 65 years are the most powerful predictors of coronary disease. Results: Regarding the extent of CAD, classic cardiovascular risk factors contributes significantly in those patients with a single coronary vessel disease, probable incidental finding without being responsible for systolic dysfunction. Only diabetes and gender male reach statistical significance as independent predictors in the three-vessel disease, where the CAD actually plays a role in the pathogenesis of systolic left ventricular dysfunction. Conclusions: The results of our work invited to question the need for coronary angiography only in certain groups of patients, based on their cardiovascular risk profile as part of the study of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction.


Supplementary professional education in Russia has grown rapidly, offering training not provided by the state. Further development will require more coordination with both private and state educational institutions, as well as with national and regional educational policies.


The legal definition of necessity – since its inclusion onto the Criminal Statute of 1845 till the Republic of Lithuania Criminal Code of 2000 – never referred to a party that sustains injury in the circumstances of necessity. Such a consistent line of the legislature, however, did not facilitate generating a well-reasoned viewpoint in the theory of criminal law. Scholars of criminal law sought in many ways to identify and define the parties who sustain harm in necessity. The definitions suggested by scholars are either more or less acceptable. In Soviet era, one notion – "inflicting harm on the third party" – started to dominate, however. Although lacking in substantial reasoning, this definition became established in most of textbooks and commentaries on criminal code and in other scientific texts. This article specifically deals with the analysis of the notion "inflicting harm on the third party". The analysis of this issue of necessity is based on historical, linguistic, logical, analytical and other approaches. In a summary of the different viewpoints of scholars in criminal law literature, the author indicates two major streams: scholars who support the opinion that the institution of necessity must include harm done to a third party; and scholars who purport the theory of necessity that excludes harm inflicted on a third party. In research of scientific works the author finds that the criminal law theory of Lithuania lacks any profound analysis of the notion "harm inflicted on a third party". In addition, the Lithuanian scientists of criminal law a priori support the viewpoint of the first aforementioned scholars' group. The author backs the opinion of scholars in the second group. On the other hand, he focuses on the study, classification and analysis of the arguments presented by the first group. The author provides logical arguments and cites practical cases to prove that the rationale of the latter group is artificial and unreliable. Nevertheless, the author does not idealize the arguments presented by the second group, indicating that they lack precision. The author has therefore worked out three provisions that, in his opinion, prove that highlighting "harm inflicted on the third party" as inherent element of the necessity notion is artificial, theoretically unfounded and unnecessary. It is pointed out in the article that the criminal law systems of Western European countries and the USA do not include any provisions regarding a party that sustains injury in necessity. This posture of European and US scholars has the only implication – any individual may sustain harm done in necessity. Furthermore, considered in this article is establishing the notion "the third party" in criminal law; the author cites a parallel existing between the notion of "a third party" in both criminal and civil law.


The use of TSI processes pushes the limits of both DUV-lithography and e-beam direct writing. However, the volume expansion combined with the drop in glass transition temperature during silylation with monofunctional agents prevents a high resolution. The application of properly mixed mono-and bifunctional agents causes a crosslinking of the silylated resist and eliminates the flow effect. We selected bis (dimethylamino)methylsilane B(DMA)MS and dimethylsilydiethylamine DMSDEA as components, investigated the mixed agent and developed a TSI process. The optimized process enables the realization of a 0.15μm pattern in 0.7μm thick resist.


The most common problem faced by the programmer is that they spend lots of time in investigating files to edit and fix the bugs, as programming size increases from small to large it is important to track bugs. File recommendation is playing a very vital role, to Increase the productivity of the developers, by recommending the file to edit. Recommendation systems are one of the solutions to deal with this problem with the help of personalized services. These systems suggest reports. Recommendation has emerged as a new way for giving better recommendations. In this paper we define several metrics to understand the quality of bug reports and analyze the bug fix process, including developer involvement.


This paper compares a newly published set of readers, The Great South Land (Davidson and Court 2001) for beginner ESL/EFL students with other materials which are described by their publishers as suitable for beginners, and in particular, with those analysed by Nation and Deweerdt in the December 2001 edition of Prospect.


This study aims to reveal the influence of Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) and Sharia Compliance on Financial Performance of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Independent variable s used a re Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) and Sharia Compliance with Islamic Income Ratio (IsIR), Profit Sharing Ratio (PSR) and Zakat Performing Ratio (ZPR) as the proxy. In contrast, the dependent variable used is Financial Performance with Return On Asset as the proxy. The population in this study is all Islamic Banks (BUS), registered in Bank Indonesia from 2014 to 2018. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method. Total samples used in this study a re 8 Islamic Banks with 5-year study periods. The analytical method used is data panel regression with the help of e-views 9.0. The result of this study indicates that the Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) and Zakat Performing Ratio (ZPR) have significant effects on Islamic Banks Financial Performance. At the same time, Islamic Income Ratio (IsIR) and Profit Sharing Ratio (PSR) did not affect Islamic Banks Financial Performance. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh Islamic Corporate Governance dan Sharia Compliance terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Variabel independen pada penelitian ini adalah Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG), dan Sharia Compliance dengan indikator Islamic Income Ratio (IsIR), Profit Sharing Ratio (PSR) dan Zakat Performing Ratio (ZPR), sedangkan variabel dependen adalah Kinerja Keuangan dengan indikator Return On Asset (ROA). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia periode 2014-2018. Sampel dipilih dengan menggunakan metode Purposive Sampling. Total sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 8 BUS dengan 5 tahun periode penelitian. Metode analisis yang digunakan ialah metode regresi data panel, dengan alat analisis e-views 9.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) dan Zakat Performing Ratio (ZPR) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Bank Umum Syariah. Sedangkan Islamic Income Ratio (IsIR) dan Profit Sharing Ratio (PSR) tidak mempengaruhi Kinerja Keuangan Bank Umum Syariah.


Sino-Japanese cooperation is inevitable under the two trends of economic globalization and regional integration.This paper makes a detailed analysis of influence factors in Sino-Japanese economic and trade cooperation.It is indicated that the cooperative outlook is optimistic.


This paper will focus on different techniques of online assessment. It further throws light on the advantages and challenges faced in online assessment. It also provides recommendations regarding the challenges of the online assessment.


With increasing demands from external sources, maternal child providers are facing the chal lenges of accurate and timely assessments. Documentation for both legalities and reimburse ment can be accomplished through the clinical pathway. This article describes how one organi zation developed its pathways and how another developed its documents. Key words: early maternal discharge, maternal/newborn pathway, clinical pathway, postpartum clinical path way


Objective To explore the surgical treatment of epidural hematoma(EDH)straddling transverse sinus.Methods The clinical data of 6 patients with EDH straddling transverse sinus,who were treated in our department from December,2003 to December,2005,were analyzed retrospectively.Transoccipital craniotomy through supratentorial horseshoe incision was performed in all the patients.The supratentorial EDH was evacuated and then the infratentorial EDH was evacuated through the space between venous sinus and cranial bone that was separated by hematoma when this approach was used.Results The operation lasted 80 minutes averagely.The blood loss was so little that the intraoperative transfusion of blood was not necessary for all the patients.The total evacuation of hematoma was achieved in all the patients except 1 patient,in whom there was residual thin layer hematoma under supratentorial bone flap after the operation.Of 6 patients,5 recovered well and 1 was moderately disabled when they were discharged from hospital.Conclusions The infratentorial and supratentorial EDH can be rapidly and smoothly evacuated by supratentorial transoccipital craniotomy,which is easier,and cause less blood to be lost,less damage to the focal tissues,and no cranial bone defect.


The Indonesian government has recognized the importance of community participation in the provision of public services. However, community participation in the public sector is often limited due to various factors, such as lack of access to information, limited resources, and low levels of trust in government institutions. To address these challenges, participatory innovation has been identified as a potential solution to enhance community participation in public services. This study aims to explore the role of participatory innovation in enhancing community participation in public services in Indonesia. Specifically, this study seeks to identify the factors that facilitate or hinder the implementation of participatory innovation and to provide insights for public sector organizations to implement participatory innovation effectively. This study adopts a qualitative research approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with public sector officials and members of the community who have experience with participatory innovation in the public sector. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The findings of this study suggest that participatory innovation can enhance community participation in public services in Indonesia. The implementation of participatory innovation has resulted in several positive outcomes, such as increased trust in government institutions, improved access to information, and increased community involvement in decision-making processes. However, the implementation of participatory innovation also faces several challenges, such as a lack of resources, limited capacity of public sector officials, and bureaucratic culture.


Significance The prevalence of obesity reflects a major public health challenge in the United States and many other parts of the world. The current studies adopt a life history theory (LHT) perspective to explain in part the root causes of obesity. This research identifies exposure to unpredictable environments during childhood as a distal factor that contributes to obesity in adulthood. Exposure to childhood unpredictability is linked to the development of a fast life-history strategy, one marked by impulsivity and a focus on short-term goals. LHT provides a valuable conceptual framework for understanding the behavioral mechanisms that underlie dysregulated patterns of eating and, ultimately, the development of weight-management problems in adulthood. This research also provides insight into pathways for obesity prevention. The association between low socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity is well documented. In the current research, a life history theory (LHT) framework provided an explanation for this association. Derived from evolutionary behavioral science, LHT emphasizes how variability in exposure to unpredictability during childhood gives rise to individual differences in a range of social psychological processes across the life course. Consistent with previous LHT research, the current findings suggest that exposure to unpredictability during childhood (a characteristic common to low SES environments) is associated with the adoption of a fast life-history strategy, one marked by impulsivity and a focus on short-term goals. We demonstrate that a fast life-history strategy, in turn, was associated with dysregulated weight-management behaviors (i.e., eating even in the absence of hunger), which were predictive of having a high body mass index (BMI) and being obese. In both studies, findings held while controlling for participants' current socioeconomic status, suggesting that obesity is rooted in childhood experiences. A serial mediation model in study 2 confirmed that effects of childhood SES on adult BMI and obesity can be explained in part by exposure to unpredictability, the adoption of a fast life-history strategy, and dysregulated-eating behaviors. These findings suggest that weight problems in adulthood may be rooted partially in early childhood exposure to unpredictable events and environments. LHT provides a valuable explanatory framework for understanding the root causes of obesity.


. A stable and reproducible bi-component melt spinning process on an industrial scale incorporating Phase Change Material (PCM) into textile fibres has been successfully developed and carried out using a melt spinning machine. The key factor for a successful bi-component melt spinning process is that a deep insight into the thermal and rheological behaviour of PCM using Difference Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and an oscillatory rheological investigation. PCM is very sensitive to the temperature and residence time of the melt spinning process. It is found that the optimal process temperature of PCM is 210°C. The textile-physical properties and the morphology of the melt spun and further drawn bi-component core and sheath fibres (bico fibres) were investigated and interpreted. The heat capacities of PCM incorporated in bico fibres were also determined by means of DSC. The melt spun bico fibres integrating PCM provide a high latent heat of up to 22 J/g, which is three times higher than that of state-of-the-art fibres, which were also obtained using the melt spinning process. Therefore, they have the potential to be used as smart polymer fibres for textile and other technical applications.


Objective: The presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma survivors has been linked with family dysfunction and symptoms in their children, including lower selfesteem, higher disorder rates and symptoms resembling those of the traumatized parent. This study aims to examine the phenomenon of intergenerational transfer of PTSD in an Australian context. Method: 50 children (aged 16–30) of 50 male Vietnam veterans, subgrouped according to their fathers' PTSD status, were compared with an age-matched group of 33 civilian peers. Participants completed questionnaires with measures of self-esteem, PTSD symptomatology and family functioning. Results: Contrary to expectations, no significant differences were found between the selfesteem and PTSD symptomatology scores for any offspring groups. Unhealthy family functioning is the area in which the effect of the veteran's PTSD appears to manifest itself, particularly the inability of the family both to experience appropriate emotional responses and to solve problems effectively within and outside the family unit. Conclusion: Methodological refinements and further focus on the role of wives/mothers in buffering the impact of veterans' PTSD symptomatology on their children are indicated. Further effort to support families of Veterans with PTSD is also indicated.


The minimum cross entropy thresholding (MCET) has been proven as an efficient method in image segmentation for bilevel thresholding. However, this method is computationally intensive when extended to multilevel thresholding. This paper first employs a recursive programming technique which can reduce an order of magnitude for computing the MCET fitness function. Then, a quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm is proposed for searching the near- optimal MCET thresholds. The experimental results show that the proposed QPSO-based algorithm can get ideal segmentation result with less computation cost.


In the 1970s Mexico began using folk media in the motivational campaigns of its population program. The sociodrama has been experimented with in urban and rural settings areas which had lost touch because of the influence of the mass media with their own live folk traditions. In Santa Cecilia where husbands are fearful of their wives using contraceptives because it might lead to infidelity the existing cooperatives were used as a source of actors (mostly women) and the cooperatives provisions shop fashion shop and construction shop were utilized as well. The activity helped to raise the consciousness of participants and audiences about population social and economic matters and it was suggested to extend the sociodrama into the mass media. The Consejo Nacional de Poblacion undertook adding population into the corrido folk music form. A competition was organized which created widespread awareness of family planning through disc sales and radio broadcasts. Puppet shows on family planning subjects were also produced in Mexico during the 1970s; small hand puppets combined with actual people-puppets and a tape recorded script were used in shows in busy squares in a lower middle class suburb or Mexico City. Specialists were hired to develop modern scripted traditional theater and puppet show presentations for urban audiences in and around Mexico City. There was very strong female reaction against the excesses of the machismo mentality among men and the shows began to use the theme of responsible male behavior. These shows will be introduced into the mass media. Some principles for utilizing folk media are listed as: 1) use the communitys own channels of communication 2) involve community artists 3) use mass media and 4) do not alter folk forms.


Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the hottest new procedures for the general surgeon. The invasive removal of the gallbladder is replaced by a less invasive approach, using the laparoscope as an access and viewing system and lasers, cutters, staplers, and other microinstrumentation to perform the therapeutic procedure. Although certain hardware (e.g., KTP laser) has been promoted on the basis of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, there seems to be general confusion over whether a laser is necessary, what the advantages of using a laser may be, and which laser is best for this procedure. Several different laser wavelengths may be useful for laser laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LLC). However, it is not clear at this stage—even among the experts—whether primarily a cutting or coagulation function is desirable from the laser. In this article, we explore some of the options available for performing LLC, present comments from interviews with several of the experts in laparoendoscopic surgery, and look at the future of the technologies and applications that will evolve from today's LLC procedure. Although there remain unanswered questions about the technologies used in LLC, we hope that the information provided will help clarify the current state-of-the-art as defined by the technologists and the clinical thought-leaders.


This article organizes MaoZedong's economic ideology during the period of Anti-Japanese war,especially expounds in five aspects:flexible application the ideology about average land ownership,capital control,the terms between economy and finance,expense reduction and the suggestion about utilizing foreign capital,then the paper proposes the great significance of the ideology.


Silica-supported methylcellulose–L-alanine–palladium complex (SiO2-MC–LA–Pd) has been prepared and found to be a high optically active catalyst for asymmetric hydrogenation of o-cresol and m-cresol to give (S)-2-methylcyclohexanone and (R)-3-methylcyclohexanone, respectively, at 25 °C and under an atmospheric hydrogen pressure. The optical yields of (S)-2-methylcyclohexanone and (R)-3-methylcyclohexanone amounted to 91.5 and 68.5%, respectively, when optimum Pd content in SiO2-MC–LA–Pd complex, reaction temperature and solvent were selected. SiO2-MC–LA–Pd catalyst also has shown high stability. The optical yields for (S)-2-methylcyclohexanone and (R)-3-methylcyclohexanone were kept over 90 and 60%, respectively, when the catalyst was reused several times. Moreover, SiO2-MC–LA–Pd complex is an economical catalyst. The methylcellulose is an abundant natural biopolymer and the procedure for preparation of the complex is very simple. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The ac servo system plays an increasingly important role in modern society. The ac servo drive technology based on FPGA becomes important research direction for its advantages of fast processing speed and flexible designing. A permanent magnet synchronous motor servo control system based on FPGA was model-based designed in this paper. It built three-closed-loop servo control model in Simulink which can simulate the performance of the algorithm, and it completed automatic code generation and configuration in Xilinx Zynq–7000. In addition, it built a complete set of permanent magnet synchronous motor servo control hardware platform. This paper proposes an integrated design and simulation method based on FPGA servo control to improve the efficiency of system design.


Co-Pt permanent magnet alloy shows large anisotropy,high coercivity,good corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance,so it has a wide application prospect in the field of magnetic storage.Rare earth metals are often referred to as industrial monosodium glutamate.With addition of rare earth metal into Co-Pt alloy can grains be refined and the alloy microstructure be changed.In this paper,we mainly present the study of the effect of annealing temperature and time on the microstructure of Co-Pt alloy with Dy addition.


Background It has been suggested that aerosol inhaler characteristics such as fine particle size distribution, low plume velocity, and long duration of the aerosol cloud may assist coordination of inhalation with actuation, improve lung deposition, and reduce oropharyngeal deposition. This study compared 2 ICS/LABA combination HFA pMDI inhalers: fluticasone propionate/formoterol 125/5 μg (FP/FORM; flutiform ®) and fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 125/50 μg (FP/SAL; Seretide ® Evohaler ®). Methods Inhalers were operated according to their respective patient information leaflets, and were fired into still air. Plume data were recorded using an Oxford Lasers EnVision Pharma system with high speed CMOS camera and short-pulse laser light source. VidPIV 4.6 & EnVision 1.1.5 software was used to analyse the data and assess velocity and other characteristics of the plume at set intervals from the actuator (up to 9.5 cm which is representative of the distance from mouth to throat). Results FP/FORM pMDI had slower maximum velocity of plume than did FP/SAL at the distances measured (table). Furthermore, the duration of plume lasted approximately 50% longer over the distance measured with FP/FORM than with FP/SAL. Conclusion FP/FORM has a slower and more prolonged plume compared with FP/SAL. This may help synchronise aerosol availability and inhalation and may lead to less oropharyngeal deposition and better lung deposition. Abstract P195 Table 1. FP/FORM FP/SAL Plume Duration over 95mm (ms) 168.3 114.0 Max velocity @ 30mm (m/s) 20.3 26.5 Max velocity @ 60mm (m/s) 15.2 21.8 Max velocity @ 95mm (m/s) 10.1 15.6


Orange, the first discussant, considers Stern's case from an intersubjective, self psychological perspective. While impressed with the outcome of this case, she proposes that Stern's theoretical convictions about connectedness contributed to struggles, centered on trust, between him and his patient. Orange urges the analyst to hold theories lightly, and explores why it might be difficult to maintain such a fallibilistic stance. The second discussant, Wallin, views Stern's case from an attachment theory perspective, giving special consideration to the analyst's attachment history and its impact on treatment. Wallin suggests the analyst speak about his own attachment issues with his patient in order to further a shared sense of connectedness. Last, Stern, in response to the two discussants, elaborates his thoughts about connectedness and introduces the theme of power. Reflecting on his treatment of Linda, he emphasizes her need to feel powerful with him. The theme of personal power, or sense of agency, appears complementary to the overall theme of connectedness. Developing an increased sense of agency in treatment can, seemingly paradoxically, enhance the patient's sense of connectedness with her analyst.


Abstract– The Grove Mountains (GRV) 021663 meteorite was collected from the Grove Mountains region of Antarctica. The meteorite is composed primarily of olivine (Fa5.4), orthopyroxene (Fs4.7Wo3.0), chromian diopside (En53.6Fs2.4Wo44), troilite, kamacite, and plagioclase (Ab74.5Or4An21.5). Minor phases include schreibersite and K‐feldspar. The meteorite is highly weathered (W3) and weakly shocked (S2). We determine a whole rock oxygen isotopic composition of δ18O = 7.50‰, δ17O = 3.52‰. Comparisons of these data with other primitive achondrites have resulted in the reclassification of this meteorite as a member of the winonaite group. The occurrences of troilite, metal, and schreibersite in GRV 021663 indicate that these minerals were once completely molten. Euhedral inclusions of pyroxene within plagioclase further suggest that these may have crystallized from a silicate melt, while the depletion of plagioclase, metal, and troilite indicates that GRV 021663 could represent a residuum following partial melting on its parent asteroid. Trace element distributions in silicate minerals do not, however, confirm this scenario. As with other winonaite meteorites, the formation of GRV 021663 probably relates to brecciation and mixing of heterogeneous lithologies, followed by varying degrees of thermal metamorphism on the parent body asteroid. Peak metamorphic conditions may have resulted in localized partial melting of metal and silicate mineralogies, but our data are not conclusive.


The due process clause of the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States prevents the courts of a state from exercising in personam jurisdiction over a defendant who never has had any contacts with that state. Whether the due process clause of the fifth amendment would similarly limit the United States District Court for that district, sitting in diversity jurisdiction, has yet to be answered. There are presently a number of situations in which federal courts exercising diversity jurisdiction do reach absent parties a state court could not. These deserve critical examination since they, along with some Supreme Court dicta, serve as authority for a proposition which, if fully utilized, could have a profound impact on individuals in our federal system. The American Law Institute (ALI) has proposed expansion of diversity of citizenship jurisdiction in heretofore frustrating multiparty, multi-state situations,^ primarily to reach those absent who are necessary for a just adjudication of the claim. The fact that territorial limitations constitutionally prevent any state from achieving jurisdiction to resolve such a dispute^ suggests to the ALI that the solution, if any, is to be found at the federal level, arguably in the article III authority for diversity jurisdiction. This proposed new jurisdiction, original and by removal, with only minimal diversity required, would encompass those cases in which there are several parties necessary for a just adjudication who are not all amenable to service under any one state's jurisdiction. ^ Another proposed change, in interpleader, makes a corporation incorporated in more than one place a citizen of that jurisdiction which will establish diversity."^


The phylogeographic histories of plants in East Asia are complex and shaped by both past large‐scale climatic oscillations and dramatic tectonic events. The impact of these historic events, as well as ecological adaptation, on the distribution of biodiversity remains to be elucidated. Pinus tabuliformis is the dominant coniferous tree in northern China, with a large distribution across wide environmental gradients. We examined genetic variation in this species using genotyping‐by‐sequencing and mitochondrial (mt) DNA markers. We found population structure on both nuclear and mt genomes with a geographic pattern that corresponds well with the landscape of northern China. To understand the contributions of environment, geography, and colonization history to the observed population structure, we performed ecological niche modeling and partitioned the among‐population genomic variance into isolation by environment (IBE), isolation by distance (IBD), and isolation by colonization (IBC). We used mtDNA, which is transmitted by seeds in pine, to reflect colonization. We found little impact of IBE, IBD, and IBC on variation in neutral SNPs, but significant impact of IBE on a group of outlier loci. The lack of IBC illustrates that the maternal history can be quickly eroded from the nuclear genome by high rates of gene flow. Our results suggest that genomic variation in P. tabuliformis is largely affected by neutral and stochastic processes, and the signature of local adaptation is visible only at robust outlier loci. This study enriches our understanding on the complex evolutionary forces that shape the distribution of genetic variation in plant taxa in northern China, and guides breeding, conservation, and reforestation programs for P. tabuliformis.


Summary. This paper is concerned with the fixed poles of the disturbance decoupling problem for linear time-invariant systems by state feedback and measurement feedback. Algebraic characterizations for these fixed poles are given using the reducing subspace technique in numerical linear algebra. These algebraic characterizations lead that the fixed poles can be directly computed by numerically reliable algorithms. As an additional application of the reducing subspace technique, we also develop a numerically stable method for computing the almost stability subspace V � b,g (ker(C)), which is an extension of the method given by Van Dooren for computing the invariant subspaces in geometric control theory.


There is a general belief among ophthalmologists 1 that the instillation of epinephrine hydrochloride into the conjunctival sacs causes dilatation of the pupils. This is contrary to the findings of Loewi, 2 one of the winners of the Nobel prize in medicine and physiology in 1936. He has shown that when epinephrine hydrochloride is instilled into the conjunctival sacs of normal persons no mydriasis will ensue. However, if the sympathetic nervous system is rendered hyperirritable, as may occur in persons with exophthalmic goiter or diabetes, dilatation of the pupils will become apparent. In applying this test to many hundreds of patients in the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital during the last eighteen years, I have found the observations of Loewi to be correct. Moreover, I have noticed other conditions that may produce unilateral hyperirritability of the sympathetic nervous system of the eye and unilateral dilatation of the pupil


At the Faculty of Geography of Lomonosov Moscow State University there is a cold room laboratory which is equipped to study the properties of snow, ice and frozen soil for the needs of the educational process and scientific research at the Department of Cryolithology and Glaciology and the Laboratory of Snow Avalanches and Mudflows of the Faculty of Geography. In particular, the cold laboratory is equipped for lite microscope photography in polarized light.


In both urban and rural, developed and developing countries Solid wastes removal is a widespread and burning problem. The collection and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) is today's major environmental problem in most countries around the world. The masers made by Municipal solid waste management are economically viable, technically viable, socially, legally acceptable and environmentally friendly. Even the issue of solid waste management is the biggest challenge for officials in small and The organic food waste evaluation is of most important research areas today. Traditional landfills, fireworks, composting and solid waste management are commonly used as waste disposal techniques. Traditionally, compost and anaerobic digestion (AD) is the most widely used technology for the processing and use of the organic component of MSW. The quantity of Organic solid waste products worldwide increases dramatically every year. Most of the Organic solid waste products consist of agricultural waste, household food waste, human and animal waste, and so on. It is commonly used as animal feed, incinerated or disposed of in landfills. Organic solid wastes are rich in proteins, minerals and sugars that can be used as substrates or raw materials in other processes.


Through projection pursuit—factor analysis, a social vulnerability evaluation index system is developed based on three aspects—vulnerable groups, society and social security vulnerability, population vulnerability. Then the empirical study is carried out based on 2000-2011 data of the Midwest of China, used projection pursuit clustering method. Based on this, the paper analyzes spatial patterns and regional differences of those three aspects, and makes comprehensive evaluation of social vulnerability to natural disasters.