The invention discloses a window glass lifter device of a vehicle. The window glass lifter device of the vehicle comprises a plurality of window glass lifters, a plurality of switch modules and a main control switch assembly, wherein each of the plurality of window glass lifters is connected with one switch module correspondingly, and each of the switch modules comprises a window glass lifter switch. When the window glass lifter switch in each of the switch modules is triggered, the window glass lifter corresponding to the switch module begins to work to control the corresponding window glass to move up or down. The main control switch assembly is connected with the plurality of switch modules respectively. When the main control switch assembly is triggered, the plurality of switch modules respectively control more than one of the plurality of window glass lifters to begin to work. The window glass lifter device can reduce complexity caused by up and down control of the window glass, humanization of vehicle operation is improved, and convenience is brought to users. The invention further discloses the vehicle.


A package comprising a first and a second sheet (101) joined together by welding the edges extending along all side edges of the sheets to form a compartment (102) for storage of an object inside the welding of the edges, wherein - each foil defines an inner surface towards the other foil and an outer surface towards the ambient atmosphere, - the welding of the edges comprises at least one takeoff area ( 18) that allows the separation of the walls of the two sheets, and - at least the first sheet comprises or defines a gripping means (11, 21, 499, 599, 699, 999, 1099) characterized in that the gripping means is attached to the sheet in the vicinity of the take off


Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model for the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE and MS are characterized by significant inflammation, demyelination, neuroglial damage, and cell death. Metallothionein‐I and ‐II (MT‐I + II) are antiinflammatory and neuroprotective proteins that are expressed during EAE and MS. We have shown recently that exogenous administration of Zn‐MT‐II to Lewis rats with EAE significantly reduced clinical symptoms and the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of the infiltrated central nervous system areas. We show for the first time that Zn‐MT‐II treatment during EAE significantly prevents demyelination and axonal damage and transection, and stimulates oligodendroglial regeneration from precursor cells, as well as the expression of the growth factors basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)β, neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3), NT‐4/5, and nerve growth factor (NGF). These beneficial effects of Zn‐MT‐II treatment could not be attributable to its zinc content per se. The present results support further the use of Zn‐MT‐II as a safe and successful therapy for multiple sclerosis. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The target system envisioned for a Muon Col- lider/Neutrino Factory (1) features a liquid Hg jet target immersed in a 20-T solenoidaleld. Field quality limits intercoil gaps to ≈ 40% of the O.D. of theanking coils. Longitudinal sag of the tungsten shielding vessels limits their length to ≈ 7 m. Support members adequate to resist intercryostat axial forces require an aggregate cross section of ≈ 0.1 m 2 ; the cryogenic heat leakage may be large. The innermost shielding vessel wall can be adequately cooled by helium gas only if its pressure is ≈ 10 atm and its veloc- ity is ≈ 200 m/s. However, the analysis in this paper found none of these engineering challenges to be insurmountable.


The management pattern of extra-curricular sports activity is studied through experiment.The experiment results show that the pattern helps students improve their interest and performance in physical education class.The students have got a deeper emotional experience of physical education.The pattern is helpful in building up student' physical and mental health,intensifying student' skills and developing their habit of exercising,which is fully recognized by the students.


Review(s) of: Insect repellents: Principles, methods, and uses, edited by Mustapha Debboun, Stephen P. Frances and Daniel Strickman (2006), Published by CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, ISBN 0-8493-7196-1, 495pp. RRP AS 157.00 (hardcover).


ABSTRACT

For the highly nonlinear short-term photovoltaic power problems affected by a variety of factors, a novel modeling method FVS-KELM based on feature vectors selection (FVS) algorithm and kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) is proposed. Firstly, FVS algorithm maps the input data to the high-dimensional feature space through kernel trick, considering the geometric features, selecting the relevant data subset to form the base vector of the subspace. Secondly, the input data is projected onto the feature subspace, and the final prediction model is established by the KELM method, which does not need set the number of the hidden layer nodes, and uses the kernel function representing the unknown nonlinear feature mapping of the hidden layer, so it has good generalization ability. In order to verify the effectiveness of the FVS-KELM modeling method, it is applied to the benchmark photovoltaic power prediction example provided by Global Energy Forecasting Competition 2014 (GEFCOM2014). Under the same condition, the FVS-KELM method is compared with extreme learning machine (ELM), support vector machine (SVM) method etc. The experimental results show that the FVS-KELM method can not only reduce the computational complexity, but also has good prediction accuracy and robustness, and the model has good generalization.


With the development of economy, countries all over the world pay more attention to the rational development and utilization of new energy, and pursue new energy security and greenhouse gas emission reduction, making energy consumption further develop in the sustainable direction of energy saving, high efficiency, cleanliness and low carbon. Starting from the actual needs of the development of the new energy industry, this article designs a new energy demand service support system based on WEB analysis, discovers hidden and potentially useful information about new energy demand from the massive data of existing Internet WEB resources, and through the analysis of recent. The annual average growth rate of new energy production was investigated, and it was found that solar energy was the most in demand. Its average annual production growth rate reached 27.11%, and then the average production growth rate of wind energy reached 21.47%, indicating that the demand for wind energy is only Second to solar energy.


I argue two things here, in response to Andrew Bennett's 'Found in Translation: Combining Discourse Analysis with Computer Assisted Content Analysis'. The first is that to speak of a single method within any given research project is misleading. All research projects are necessarily multi-method, so our conversation should be about how to mix, not whether to do so. The second is that, while methods are necessarily mixed within research projects, mixing methodologies is a much more fraught exercise, inasmuch as methodology implies an epistemology, a philosophy of science, in a way that method does not.


The construction of base pit digging and the measure to solve the problem of the construction in Hanzhuang Lock of Jinghang Canal rebuilding project is introduced briefly in this paper.


With 5 figures and 5 tables

Abstract

The phenomenon of degenerated spikelets is very common in cereal crops, and considered as a serious physiological defect to grain production. However, little is known about the genetic base of the spikelet degeneration in rice. To identify genetic factors conferring spikelet degeneration in rice, a line showing severe degenerated spikelets on the top of panicle was selected from a set of chromosomal segment substitution lines that derived from a cross of the sequenced japonica variety 'Nipponbare' and the indica variety '9311'. Using its derived progeny, two quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the degenerated spikelets were identified on chromosomes 3 and 9. The one on chromosome 3 was confirmed in an about 600-kb physical interval, and had an epistatic interaction with the other QTL on chromosome 9. The QTL region on chromosome 3 was also found conferring primary panicle length, heading date, the number of primary branches and second branches simultaneously. These results would be helpful in understanding the genetic control of spikelet degeneration on the top of panicle in rice.


This report describes a microflow cytometer capable of five-plex bacteria detection with an automated sample-toanswer processing time of 30 minutes. The limit of detection of a magnetic bead-based immunoassay run on the sample preparation portion of the microdevice closely matched that of the current, manual assay. Fluidic driving and optical interrogation was performed within a compact instrumentation footprint, offering clear advantages over the laboratorybased flow cytometers currently in use for medical diagnostics. Moreover, an individually addressable array of micromagnets was developed as a method to overcome challenges involved with coupling magnetic bead-based sample preparation with microflow cytometry.


This experiment was conducted to research the effects of Yellow Clay(YC) on the sensory evaluation of cooked meat in broiler chicks. A total of 216 one day old broiler chicks were divided into 6 groups at random. The six groups are consisted of one control group, to which no YC was added, and 5 groups to which an amount of YC was differently added. Diets contained 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0% of YC and fed to the 5 group broilers for 6 weeks. The lightness of meat in the broilers treated with YC was significantly higher than that of the control group in after-cooking(P


Labour is the process by which the fetus and placenta are expelled from the uterus and the vagina into the external environment (Baskar, 2015). Successful labour depends on four integrated concepts as Passage, Passenger, Power, and Psychological outlook (Pillitteri & Pillitteri, 2010). The onset of labour is characterized by true labour pain, show, Dilatation of cervix and formation of the bag of fore waters (Baskar, 2015). The objectives of this study were to: (1) assess the level of fatigue and coping during the first stage of labour among primi parturient mothers in the intervention group and control group (2) find the effect of foot reflexology on fatigue during the first stage of labour among primi parturient mothers in the intervention group and control group, and (3) determine the effect of foot reflexology on coping during the first stage of labour among primi parturient mothers. The study was conducted among 30 primi parturient mothers in Kasturba Gandhi Hospital for Women and Children, Chennai District, Tamil Nadu. The study finding revealed that in post-test 1 the mean fatigue score in the intervention group was 61.00 which is less than the control group 85.33 (mean difference 24.33) which supports that foot reflexology is effective in fatigue reduction ( P< 0.05). In post-test 2 the mean fatigue score in the intervention group was 48.80 and the control group was 91.86 (mean difference 43.06) which was significant at P< 0.05. In post-test 1 the mean coping score in the intervention group was 156.86 which is more than the control group 128.20 (mean difference 28.66), which revealed that foot reflexology is effective in promoting coping at P< 0.05. Similarly, in post-test 2 the mean coping score in the intervention group and control group was 168.20 and 133.46 respectively (mean difference 34.74), which was significantly higher than the control group at P< 0.05. The study concludes that foot reflexology is effective to reduce fatigue and promoting coping during the first stage of labour among primi parturient mothers.


Background: Levator function is usually graded as good (>8 mm), fair (5-7 mm) and poor (1-4 mm), which are generally associated with mild, moderate, and severe blepharoptosis, respectively. To date, no large study has evaluated the relationship between levator function and blepharoptosis severity in oriental eyelids. Aim and Objectives: The aim is to analyze the relationship between levator function and severity of blepharoptosis by means of a large retrospective study. Materials and Methods: We reviewed patients who were examined for blepharoptosis in our hospital between April 2004 and April 2014 by using detailed medical records of age, sex, time of onset, severity, and levator function. 323 patients with total eyelid number of 519 were studied. We divided levator function into four grades: excellent (>12mm), good (8-12mm), fair (5-7 mm), and poor (<5 mm). All the eyelids were divided into congenital and acquired groups. Within these two groups, we calculated the percentages of excellent, good, fair, and poor levator function in the mild, moderate, and severe blepharoptosis subgroups. In addition, we evaluated the percentage of mild, moderate, and severe blepharoptosis in the excellent, good, fair, and poor levator function subgroups. Results: The number of eyelids in the male and female groups was 189 (36.4%) and 330 (63.6%), respectively. Congenital and acquired blepharoptosis were observed in 413 (79.6%) and 106 (20.4%) eyelids, respectively. Most eyelids with mild or moderate blepharoptosis exhibited good or excellent levator function. However, good or excellent levator function was not completely associated with mild blepharoptosis. In addition, most eyelids with poor levator function had severe blepharoptosis. However, severe blepharoptosis was not completely associated with poor levator function. Conclusion: Acquired blepharoptosis can be caused by various factors other than levator muscle dysfunction. Congenital blepharoptosis generally causes worse levator function than acquired blepharoptosis. Most eyelids with mild or moderate blepharoptosis had good or excellent levator function. However, good or excellent levator function was not completely associated with mild blepharoptosis. Poor levator function eyelids generally lead to severe blepharoptosis, but severe blepharoptosis was not completely associated with poor levator function. This association may be related to the two-layer extensions of the levator palpabrae muscle, which makes the relative preservation of levator function possible in aponeurotic and mechanical blepharoptosis.


Jaboi is located in Weh Island at the northern tip of Sumatra. The existence of geothermal activities in Jaboi is a part of other geothermal activities along the Semangko geological depression in Sumatra. Geothermal manifestations situated in the Quaternary lava (1.1 ± 0.1 Ma) rocks environment. These manifestations are solfatara, fumaroles, hot ground, mud poll and hydrothermal alteration with the temperature between 98 C and 106 C. Hot water temperatures in this area ranging from 95 C to 96.4 C. Integrated geo-scientific data from Jaboi indicated that the prospect area of this geothermal field ± 6 km which controlled by fault systems. Geophysical and geochemical surveys delineated top reservoir at 600 meter below sea level with estimated temperature of 255°C. At least 50 MWe of possible reserve is calculated in the study area.


The bell-type coil annealing furnace was taken as the study object,the heat-exchanging process in the furnace was simulated and controlled.Through analyzing the temperature field and heat flow field of steel coil in the stage of heating,keeping warmth and dropping in temperature,it's explained that the model can be used in heating processing.


ABSTRACT This epilogue reflects on the findings of the articles collected in this section and discusses their contributions to the history of international organizations and rural development.


The traditional therapeutic indications for the use of Ajuga reptans (Labiatae) have been investigated. The H2O-soluble part of a crude and partially purified MeOH extract and two isolated iridoids (8-O-acetylharpagide and harpagide), were tested for a biological activity on isolated smooth muscle preparations from guinea pig.


This thesis deals with data capture with a terrestrial laser scanner and the subsequent data processing for the production of a geodetic plan. The first part of the thesis shortly outlines the theory of a geodetic plan which is followed by a description of the technology of terrestrial laser scanning and terrestrial scanners. Additionally, individual phases of the production of a geodetic plan are described, from capturing and processing data to the final production of a geodetic plan.
The thesis encompasses practical work which included capturing of data with the terrestrial laser scanner Leica ScanStation C10 in the field and processing of data with Leica Cyclone and Leica Cyclone II TOPO software. Furthermore, a comparison with the classical method of the geodetic plan production was made.


The invention discloses a smoked pork ball and a processing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of food processing. The main ingredients include lean pork, fat pork and chicken chest meat; and the auxiliary ingredients include modified cassava starch, soybean protein isolate, ice water, table salt, monosodium glutamate, white sugar, soy sauce, spring onions, carrageenan, phosphates, pork essence and sesame oil. The processing method comprises the following steps of: curing the pretreated materials for a certain time period, making meat balls, boiling in hot water, taking out after shaping, air-drying, smoking until the meet balls are cooked, cooling, and packing with vacuum packages. The product meets the needs for fast-paced life in modern society, is convenient to carry and ready to serve, can be used for home cooking, and is chewy, nutritious and delicious. Owing to the smoking process, the smoked pork ball is endowed with special smoking color and smoking flavor, the fragrance of the smoked pork ball is enhanced, and the shelf life of the product is increased. The method is suitable for industrial production.


PURPOSE: A radial-shaped liquid crystal compound is provided to minimize color change according to viewing angle, to improve contrast ratio, and to ensure high refraction anisotropy. CONSTITUTION: A radial-shaped liquid crystal compound has a structure represented by chemical formula 1. A liquid crystal composition comprises the liquid crystal compound, organic solvent or surfactant, or a mixture of organic solvent and surfactant. The liquid crystal compound is included in the amount of 0.1-99.9 weight% based on the total liquid crystal compound.


A new reform in courses of elementary education has set a pattern of developing and managing courses at three levels, which has provided a wide space and system safeguard for offering multicultural courses in ethnic minority regions. Offering multicultural courses will not only help stimulate development of education in ethnic regions, but also meet the real needs of ethnic minority students and deepen respect and understanding of cultural varieties and diversities. The selection of contents of school-based multicultural courses should be multiple, open, scientific, authentic and with clear aims.


An ultra high vacuum (UHV) planar interface unit has been constructed to study the effect of interface/boundary structure and chemistry on properties. We report here initial observations of substrate morphology and chemistry prior to bonding and resulting interface morphology obtained using austenitic stainless steel. To synthesize chemically clean planar interfaces by diffusion bonding, the substrate must be macroscopically and microscopically flat and chemically clean. Macro-flatness, necessary for bonding to occur over large areas, was ensured by conventional mechanical polishing and lapping. Substrate surfaces were cleaned by a broad (3cm) 500 eV ion beam (Ar or Xe) at 15° incidence. The resulting changes in substrate near-atomic-scale roughness and chemistry were analyzed using Auger spectroscopy (AES) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Before ion beam cleaning, the sub-strates exhibited high oxygen and carbon contamination (Fig la). Both Xe and Ar ion cleaning reduced these values; the result for 5 minutes Ar cleaning is shown in Fig lb.


The simulation principle of LID module in SWMM model was presented.The site LID stormwater planning process was introduced through a case study.The design of traditional pipeline was checked by SWMM model,and the LID stormwater control effect was evaluated.The simulation of design rainfall events and continuous rainfall events indicated that the site LID stormwater system plan could achieve the peak flow and annual runoff discharge rate back to predevelopment levels.The reduction effect of pollutants by LID facilities was remarkable.


The article constitutes a proposal to regard the method of academic tutoring as an innovative in Poland form of personalized pro-quality didactics, possible to be accomplished in the area of higher education in spite of its universal democratization. To begin with a theoretical background of presented arguments will be outlined, in order to show the extent to which tutoring is becoming part of the existing scientific paradigms in humanistic sciences. Next, on the basis of chosen definitions and the typology of quality components in the context of the quality of service in the area of education, an attempt to find a common element for the quality of service understood in the corporate and educational meaning will be made, what is justified due to the present mixing of corporate and educational discourse in a tempestuous debate on neoliberal tendencies in higher education. In the next part of the article the role of the personality and authority of the teacher as a tutor will be brought up. The application of functions of the teacher, widely described in the pedagogical literature, stays still in the area "methodological postulate" (Klus-Stanska 2009), however the tutor relation has a chance to give it a meaning closer to practicable application. Therefore the author is observing tutoring as an exceptional method of education which is creating the chance of satisfying the humanistic need for elite education and, at the same time, with a good teaching organization, could be integrated into the today's mass university. It brings next the chance of raising the quality of education to the one expected by accreditation standards.


This guide has links to subscription databases and Internet Websites that provide financial information (income statements, stock histories and much more) for companies and industries.


Background: Elderly people represent in Romania a disadvantaged group from many points of view: socially, economically, culturally. It is normal that growing in age goes together with having significantly more health problems, but these can be reduced by a good health behavior consisting in physical activity, good nutrition, moving and housing. Materials and methods: the study is a comparative one performed in 6 European states: Germany, Great Britain, Sweden, Austria, Latvia and Romania. In each country 200 households are investigated quantitatively and 20 qualitatively. A quantitative instrument which is local community related is developed so that it can be applied in different countries and cultures and several methods of health education and consumer education are implemented tailored on the local needs. Results: The project will assist people from vulnerable social groups and marginal social contexts, in particular older people, to improve their knowledge and competencies for a healthy lifeAstyle. Course and meetings are being held to improve consumer knowledge and the results will be assessed by a reAevaluation of the 20 qualitatively analyzed households. Some good results got by some of the countries will be implemented and experimented also in the others. Conclusions: The information and results given by this large project will help improve consumer knowledge; the local community will be informed and implicated in spreading the information about health information and health behavior. Finally, best practices are established in all the participant countries related to the different cultural backgrounds.


To review the development history of China pesticide industry. To reveal the historic information during the period of 1949—2000. To estimate the future prospect that China pesticide industry will become more powerful and prosperous in terms of production and innovation.


This document focuses on the state of the science for five subspecies of cutthroat trout found largely on public lands in the Rocky Mountain and Intermountain West. These subspecies are restricted to a fragment of their former range, and primarily occupy small, high-elevation streams. Little is known about the three rarest subspecies (Bonneville, Colorado River, and Rio Grande cutthroat trout), and the data on the more abundant subspecies (westslope and Yellowstone cutthroat trout) were obtained from relatively few areas. The historic diversity of life history strategies has been reduced. All subspecies have suffered from introductions of nonnative fishes, habitat degradation and fragmentation, and overfishing. Current management often centers on restrictive angling regulations, barricading streams to prevent invasion by nonnative fishes, and reintroductions into streams with existing barriers.


The value of baseline positron emission tomography (PET) for predicting overall survival (OS) or disease‐free survival (DFS) is unclear in patients with nondistant metastatic (locoregional only) esophageal carcinoma. The authors tested the hypothesis that, in this setting, the number of PET abnormalities (NPA) would correlate with OS and DFS.


Among communicable diseases, tuberculosis is the second leading cause of death worldwide, killing nearly 2 million people each year. Most cases are in developing countries but over the past decade, the incidence of tuberculosis has increased in developed countries as well (Frieden et al. 2003) probably because of migrant population from countries with high prevalence, HIV infection and emergence of resistant strains. In the UK, tuberculosis has been identified as a priority infectious disease. Incidence is rising, with an increase of 6% in the number of cases reported nationally between 2000 and 2001 (Knight 2007). There have been no national studies, and information about pregnancy outcomes is lacking .The disease in pregnancy in the UK is uncommon but may be life-threatening. The disease appears to be limited to ethnic minority women, most commonly, recent migrants. We present a case of concomitant cerebral, retinal and cutaneous, tuberculosis manifestations in an immune competent pregnant woman and discuss the multidisciplinary approach necessary for the appropriate management of this unique situation.


Using 6inbred line of broccoli as parents,combining ability and correlation of primary characters about head weight and the glucoraphanin(RAA)concentration were studied by applying GriffingⅡ.The results showed that both characters were affected by additive and non additive effects.The head weight was mainly inherited by special combining ability(SCA),were controlled by non-additive genes in a great scale;the glucoraphanin concentration was affected by additive gene greatly were mainly inherited by general combining ability(GCA),it was match the genetic parameters.Narrow heritability of glucoraphanin concentration was bigger than head weight.There were no significant correlations between head weight and RAA content,so both characters would be combined in the same cultivar.In 6inbred lines,P3and P2were ideal parental lines for high yield,and P1and P4were ideal parental line for glucoraphanin concentration.Cominations of P4×P6and P2×P4had better special combining ability of head weight and RAA concentration,while P2×P4was the best combination for RAA concentration.


I NDIA is a developing economy which is in a hurry. India lost the opportunity to participate in the first industrial revolution mainly because she was not an independent country and as a result while the western countries reaped the fruits of the industrial revolution and became economically advanced countries, India remained backward with low levels of technology, productive organisation, national income and standard of living.


Lijiang River Basin (LRB) has witnessed intensive human activities in the past 20 years, due to its unique karst landform, which has attracted a large amount of tourists. During this period, land cover changes were impacted by rapid expansion of road network substantially. This paper analyzes the interactions between road network and land cover change in the LRB by statistical analysis on both random samples and buffer samples. The results demonstrate that road network has a positive correlation with built-up land area and a negative correlation with woodland area. Built-up land is more affected by road network as compared with woodland. Impact strength of surface distance to road on built-up land is greater than that on woodland. Random samples and buffer samples in combination help us uncover the interactions between road networks and land cover change quantitatively and thoroughly.


This paper measures the economic opening rate of six unban agglomerations in central China from 2006 to 2011 by using the statistical data. The rusults show that economic opening rate of six unban agglomerations in central China has risen totally since2006,but declined obviously in 2008 and 2009 because of the shock of financial crisis in 2008,and then it has recovered again since2010. There are some disparities of economic opening rate between six unban agglomerations in central China,but the absolute gap has reduced gradually,the economic opening rate in these regions blossoms evenly.


The spectra of the quiescent counterparts to the Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters SGR 1900+14 and SGR 1806{20 peak in the infrared. Their infrared spectra appear to contain several components: the photospheric emission from star(s) dominates at shorter wavelengths, a bright point source dominates at 25 m, while an extended source dominates at 60 m. However, we show here that these counterparts were not detected by the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope at 450 mo r 800m. These observations are consistent with other millimeter studies, and are consistent with the detection of a point-like \core" to the radio nebula of SGR 1806{20. We show that monoenergetic synchrotron radiation and black body spectra are too broad to be consistent with both the infrared and submillimeter observa- tions. However, simple dust models can explain the combined observations.


Abstract Atomic fluorescence spectrometry was introduced as an analytical method in 1964 by Winefordner and Vickers [1], and since then, numerous papers have been published concerning the theoretical principles, instrumentation, methodology, and uses of the method. Recently, commercial instrumentation has been introduced for single-element (Heath Company, Benton Harbor, Mich.) and for multielement (Technicon, Inc., Tarrytown, N.Y.) analysis. Recently Winefordner and Elser [2] and Winefordner and VickerS [3] have reviewed the developments in atomic fluorescence spectrometry.


The unified picture of X-ray/UV absorbers offers an unique opportunity to probe the nuclear environment of AGNs. To test the unified absorber scenario and to understand the physical properties of the absorber we obtained the first UV spectrum of PG1114+445 using HST FOS. PG1114+445 is known to have an X-ray ionized ("warm") absorber, so that UV absorption is predicted. The HST spectrum clearly shows strong UV absorption lines due to Lyα, CIV and NV, blueshifted by ∼600 km s with respect to the quasar redshift. Since both X-ray and UV absorbers are rare in radio-quiet quasars, these observations argue strongly that the X-ray and UV absorbers are closely physically related, probably identical. We place constraints on the parameters of the absorber and conclude that the mass outflow rate is comparable to the accretion rate in PG1114+445. Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. email@example.com


The objective of this study was to evaluate the curative effect of the scheme of bevacizumab combined with mFOLFOX6 in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of stomach. Twenty-eight patients with advanced carcinoma of stomach definitely diagnosed with transcendoscopic biopsy or operation pathoiogy were administrated with intervernous drop infusion of Bevacizumab 10 mg/kg, oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2(2 h iv gtt), calcium leucovorin 400 mg/m2(2 h iv gtt the second day),5-FU 400 mg/m2 (iv gtt 10 min the second day), 5-FU 2 500 kg/m2( CIV 48 h,the second day) being repeated every 14 d.The 28 patients completed 150 cycle times and the median was 6.CR was 2,PR was 10, and the effective rate was 42.9%(12/28). The scheme of bevacizumab combined with mFOLFOX6 has good curative effect and relative security in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of ctomach.


Two hundred and seventy-five lakes were sampled in the summer of 1979 to assess the factors controlling susceptibility of northcentral Wisconsin lakes to acidification. In addition to direct evalua...


malakoplakia. Treatment is aimed at bacterial eradication and augmentation of macrophage function (6). For the former, long-term fluoroquinolone therapy (as long as 6 months) has been prescribed with good efficacy because of the excellent intracellular penetration profile of this antibiotic class (9). For the latter, diminishing the immunosuppressive regimen may facilitate host defenses. To augment macrophage function, cholinergic agonists that raise intracellular cyclic GMP concentration and enhance the antimicrobial activity of macrophages have been suggested but lack convincing data to support their use (3). The present case report highlights malakoplakia as a rare potential cause of chronic diarrhea in a renal transplant patient. Our patient received more than the usual immunosuppressive drugs in the setting of allograft rejection. It is likely that the colonic malakoplakia arose because of an overimmunosuppressed state. Endoluminal evaluation for unresolved diarrhea symptoms in solid organ transplant recipients is important to make this unusual diagnosis. Manan B. Shah Subha Sundararajan Carl V. Crawford Choli Hartono 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY 2 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY 3 The Rogosin Institute New York, NY


Species touch device, a processor and a touch signal reading method. The touch signal reading method comprises the following steps. Receive the current touch point. Determining whether the spatial continuity of the space is less than the threshold value, and the continuity in time is less than a time threshold. If the space is less than a threshold spatial continuity and continuity in time less than the time threshold, then added to a temporary set of the current touch point, and accumulates count values. Determines whether the count value based on the current touch effective dots. If the current touch point is a valid point, the point of the program were reported.


Background: The consumption of hydrogenated vegetable oils, rich sources of both saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids, is one of the most important risk factors for cardio-vascular diseases(CVD). The aim of this randomized semi-experimental control study was to modify the consumption habits of vegetable oils among families under the cover of health centers of Khomeini city. Materials and Methods: 136 adult women living in Khomein and Mohallat were randomly allocated to case and control groups. Data gathering instrument was a questionnaire based on PRECEDE framework. The educational intervention was weekly conducted in three 60-90 minute sessions based on the PRECEDE framework constructs for two months. Results: Mean scores of predisposing (knowledge and attitude), reinforcing, and enabling factors showed a significant difference in the case group in comparison to the control group(p<0.05). Also, hydrogenated vegetable oils consumption in case group decreased from 72% to 63% , whereas liquid vegetable oils consumption increased from 28% to 37%(p<0.05). Conclusion: Planning and implementation of an educational intervention program based on PRECEDE framework can be effective in reduction of hydrogenated vegetable oils consumption.


For the Aristotelian phronimos the practically wise man has phronesis, which is a form of knowledge, and it is this that enables him (characteristically) to make correct decisions about what he should do. Phronesis, excellence in practical reasoning, moral knowledge, can be acquired only by habitually engaging in virtuous action, not, for example, just by learning a written code of conduct. There is no short cut to what the phronimos knows. Nothing but the acquisition of personal virtue will yield it. When we bring this feature of phronesis right to the surface, it clearly suppresses a significant amount of the pretensions of contemporary normative ethical theory. Aristotelian anti-generalism still carries a nasty sting, for it entails that, unless the theorists have phronesis and hence virtue themselves, their "shorter ways" may well make it harder, rather than easier, to acquire virtue.


OBJECT
The authors assessed whether the combined use of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) and contrast-enhanced (CE) fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) could improve the accuracy of predicting the courses of the facial and cochlear nerves before surgery.

METHODS
The population was composed of 22 patients with vestibular schwannoma in whom both the facial and cochlear nerves could be identified during surgery. According to DTT, depicted fibers running from the internal auditory canal to the brainstem were judged to represent the facial or vestibulocochlear nerve. With regard to imaging, the authors investigated multifused CE-FIESTA scans, in which all 3D vessel models were shown simultaneously, from various angles. The low-intensity areas running along the tumor from brainstem to the internal auditory canal were judged to represent the facial or vestibulocochlear nerve.

RESULTS
For all 22 patients, the rate of fibers depicted by DTT coinciding with the facial nerve was 13.6% (3/22), and that of fibers depicted by DTT coinciding with the cochlear nerve was 63.6% (14/22). The rate of candidates for nerves predicted by multifused CE-FIESTA coinciding with the facial nerve was 59.1% (13/22), and that of candidates for nerves predicted by multifused CE-FIESTA coinciding with the cochlear nerve was 4.5% (1/22). The rate of candidates for nerves predicted by combined DTT and multifused CE-FIESTA coinciding with the facial nerve was 63.6% (14/22), and that of candidates for nerves predicted by combined DTT and multifused CE-FIESTA coinciding with the cochlear nerve was 63.6% (14/22). The rate of candidates predicted by DTT coinciding with both facial and cochlear nerves was 0.0% (0/22), that of candidates predicted by multifused CE-FIESTA coinciding with both facial and cochlear nerves was 4.5% (1/22), and that of candidates predicted by combined DTT and multifused CE-FIESTA coinciding with both the facial and cochlear nerves was 45.5% (10/22).

CONCLUSIONS
By using a combination of DTT and multifused CE-FIESTA, the authors were able to increase the number of vestibular schwannoma patients for whom predicted results corresponded with the courses of both the facial and cochlear nerves, a result that has been considered difficult to achieve by use of a single modality only. Although the 3D image including these prediction results helped with comprehension of the 3D operative anatomy, the reliability of prediction remains to be established.


Aquaculture is one of the most important food production sector in the world. Feed represents a relevant cost in fish farming activity, as well as a considerable source of environmental pollution. The need of precisely estimate the fish biomass and stocking density is crucial to avoid overfeeding, thus pollution and economic loss. Recently a cheap dynamic scale (by MEGA Materials srl) has been developed, based on a board of the Arduino family, suitable to measure live-fish weights. Bluetooth transmitter and a specific app allowed the communication to smartphones and laptops. In this validation campaign a comparison of static Lab scale vs. four different acquisition patterns of the dynamic scale is presented, consisting in repeated series of measurement. The aim is to measure the weight of seabream juveniles/adult reared in both off-shore and in-land facilities, saving time and keeping high precision. The comparison of measurement within static Lab scale and dynamic scale shows significant differences (P<0.0001), highlighting that the dynamic scale achieved steady weight measurement after few reps. The most performing measurement setting of dynamic scale was proven to be 8*10, having eight repeated measures each as average out of ten readings in 1 second time-lap.


This article attempts a reading of Andreas M. Kazamias's work and method as a persistent and firmly grounded attempt to "go against the tide" of an empirical/instrumentalist comparative education and toward a "modernist episteme." Kazamias has been explicitly critical of the social-scientific-cum-positivist comparative education, while at the same time acknowledging the limitations of the traditional historical-philosophical-humanistic approach. His "revisionist" comparative-historical analysis seeks to combine history with social science toward an "anthropocentric" comparative education, "concerned with the great problems—political, social but also ethical—which 'mankind' faces." Consistent with his rejection of instrumental/"techno-scientific" approaches to comparative education, Kazamias argues for a promethean humanistic education (i.e., paideia, liberal education, culture générale, bildung) cultivating the soul and the mind, aiming at both the Platonic/Socratic psyche and the Aristotelian phronesis.


Securitisation is the process of raising finance by the issuing of bonds or commercial paper. In many cases the originator of the arrangement will, in return, be selling a package of existing loan assets in the form of debt instruments. The first of these arrangements is known as 'primary securitisation', the second as 'secondary securitisation'. There is no generally accepted legal definition, though Feency provides a useful one:


Fair education is one of the essential ideas of human beings and the fundamental value yardstick of human beings,there are different views of fair education in different periods of time.In today′s society of economic benefits,fair opportunity for education,the idea of fair education,constitutes the ideal that we pursue.In practice there are three ways to realize fair education: nationalization and legalization,fair distribution of resources,and fair micro educational activities.In China the theoretical concern for fair education started in the 1990s,thus fair education requires a discreet reflection as we are now constructing a harmonious society.


The interaction between the nurse plant Larrea tridentata and the cacti Cylindropuntia leptocaulis is thought to follow cyclical‐replacement dynamics. However, the required changing nature of their interaction, from facilitation to competition, has not been investigated through their full life cycle. In order to test the hypothesised cyclical dynamics, we compared the demography of four subpopulations (LA = Larrea associated to Cylindropuntia; CA = Cylindropuntia associated to Larrea, LS = solitary Larrea; CS = solitary Cylindropuntia) in the Mapimí Biosphere Reserve, Mexico, over the period 2008–2015. This allowed us to compare their demography at varying levels of the generally low and unpredictable limiting resource, water. Given the protection afforded to C. leptocaulis seedlings by L. tridentata and their presumed increasingly competitive effect on L. tridentata, which would justify the expectation of cyclic replacement dynamics, we expected to find a zero or positive per capita rate of population growth (r ≥ 0) in CA and LS, and a negative one in CS and LA. The overall r over the study period was close to equilibrium (r = 0) for both LA and LS, with no significant difference between them. In contrast, and as expected, r of CA was consistently and significantly larger than that for CS. In both species, λ (=er) was positively correlated with annual rainfall with no significant difference between LA and LS and a significant difference between CA and CS in this relationship. L. tridentata can exist alone and coexist with C. leptocaulis across the levels of precipitation experienced at the study site, while C. leptocaulis cannot persist in the absence of L. tridentata. The cyclical dynamics of replacement does not occur in this system and, given the static nature of the evidence on which the original conclusion was based, it is unlikely to exist as a general rule across the species' geographic range. Synthesis. Our findings stress the importance of elucidating the demographic mechanisms that allow species competing for a common limiting resource to coexist when the resource varies temporally, and expose the difficulty of identifying a species' ecological niche in the absence of detailed, long‐term demographic information.


Older people are the world's fastest growing population group. By 2050 eighty per cent of older persons will live in what are now developing countries. There is established and growing evidence of the difficulties families in developing countries are experiencing in providing adequate support for their older members. This thesis explores how international development is responding to the interests of older people. The research examines how older people are represented in international development discourse and illustrates the impact of this on practice. This is informed by a comparative analysis with the progress of women in development. A critical discourse analysis of a corpus of texts from intergovernmental agencies illustrates the degree of visibility of older people in the development discourse. A case study of the work of inter-government organisations in West Bengal, India, shows how this can impact on grassroots activity. An original conceptual framework is introduced which aligns the dominant development paradigms with the dominant perspectives on older people emerging from this research. To the best of my knowledge this is the first research study to consider the (in)visibility of older people in international development discourse and to look at its implications on policy and practice. It highlights that a concentration of development resources at one end of the age spectrum to increase life expectancy is being met with an absence of planned support to meet the consequences when people successfully reach old age. The research further shows that when visible, older people are generally viewed as a homogeneous group in need of support and care, and not as citizens able to contribute and participate in development. The research illustrates a connection between global discourse and local practice in relation to older people and indicates a need for further studies to assess the extent of the links and to examine how local practice could inform the international development discourse.


Understanding how the soil moisture regime changes following hydrological restoration activities in wetlands is essential for managers interested in establishing targeted wetland vegetation species. Based on observations from two floodplain sites in southwestern Wisconsin, a variably saturated hydrological model was developed and used to illustrate the importance of changing evapotranspiration (ET) partitioning [through changes in leaf‐area index (LAI)], the plant water stress function, and the thickness of a surficial silt‐loam alluvial deposit on the soil moisture regime. Floodplain restoration activities at these sites consisted of removing a layer of post‐settlement alluvium, which is a part of this deposit. Field observations following restoration of the pre‐settlement floodplain surface at one of the sites show a drier soil moisture regime at 10 and 25 cm depths at the restored (RES) site than at the unrestored site even though the potentiometric surface in a shallow monitoring piezometer was closer to the surface at the RES site. Simulations show that four factors may have contributed to this observation of relatively drier soils at the RES site: (1) lower LAI increases soil evaporation, (2) anaerobiosis limits transpiration near saturation, (3) a confining unit inhibits upward flow of water, and (4) removal of a 0·5‐m silt‐loam layer decreases the reservoir of soil moisture available to plant roots. Our work suggests the importance of effectively characterizing parameters that affect ET partitioning (i.e. LAI), determining the appropriate plant water stress function, and considering the effect of floodplain deposits that act as confining units when simulating the hydrology of floodplain wetland ecosystems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Piglet early wearing not only improve sows utilization but also cause a decline in growth performance and disease resistance, so early weaning piglets healthy growth was great significance in the development of the pig industry. Increasing attention has been paid on the application of antimicrobial peptides in piglets production. In this review, the antibacterial peptides effect on the weaning piglets production and its underlying mechanisms were reviewed.


Histogram equalization is one of the common methods used to improve the contrast in digital images. This paper presents the method partitions the image based on the smoothed intensity values, which are obtained by convolving the input image with a Gaussian filter. By doing this, the transformation function used by HE is not based on the intensity of the pixels only, but the intensity values of the neighboring pixels are also taken into the consideration Experimental results show that the proposed method is not only can enhance the contrast, but this method also successfully sharpens the image.


The accident of epoxy ethane/ethylene glycol unit of ethylene oxide distillation feed pump shut down was presented,and the cause of the accident was due to the entrance filter blockage serious deformation.The corresponding improvement measures were proposed based on the cause of the accident,in order to ensure the plant operation and improve the economic benefit.


In this paper an endeavour is made to design and simulate SISO, MISO and MIMO OFDM systems. We have analysed and compared the performance of these systems for image transmission over AWGN and Rayleigh channels. The effect of LS channel estimation on the BER over a range of SNR for MIMO(2X2) systems is examined. We have also compared the performance based on various M-ary PSK modulation techniques for image transmission over Rayleigh channel in MIMO-OFDM system. The system performance is simulated in Matlab. The results of the simulation show that as the antenna diversity increases, the BER decreases and the channel capacity increases. Also, the BER obtained in MIMO-OFDM system is less when LS estimation is used. Keywords— OFDM, MIMO, Rayleigh, AWGN, BER, channel capacity


In a device (4) for absorbing impact energy for use in the front (2) and / or rear area (3) of a vehicle (1), wherein the impact energy absorbing device (4) in its longitudinal direction a front facing away from the vehicle and one to the Vehicle facing rear, wherein a substantially C-shaped support shell (40) made of a metal or other deformation-resistant material and a front part (50, 150, 250, 350, 450) of a plastic or other material, the less resistant to deformation than the material of the carrier shell is provided, the carrier shell (40) is substantially C-shaped in plan view and in cross-section, with the C-shape of the cross-section opening toward the front, and end-side attachment means (60) for securing the impact energy receiving device (4) on a vehicle longitudinal member (6) or an impact damping device and the front part (50, 150, 250, 350, 450) in di e carrier shell (40) inserted or inserted from the front side.


Too easily subsumed by its greater neighbor Harlem and dwarfed by larger minority populations in the other boroughs including the Bronx, East Harlem has all but disappeared from the collective memory. This paper tries to recover East Harlem, also known as Spanish Harlem or El Barrio, from its public obscurity and reclaim its importance as a vital urban center in the fabric of Manhattan life. East Harlem is comprised of a rich collection of people from multiple ethnic, economic, and social backgrounds and it is they who provide the backdrop for my analysis of the political life of the neighborhood. The nature of political life in East Harlem is to be found not in the traditional sphere of the political — the acquisition and distribution of power — but in the intersections of the lives of its diverse inhabitants and the articulation of individual and collective assertiveness. I hope to understand and elucidate the composite narratives of urban life in East Harlem through a reading of urban art: architecture, street art, private home design, and photographic documentation of the neighborhood. The aesthetic representations of East Harlem can provide the same insight into the narratives of the neighborhood's life worlds and life stories as biographical profiles of the inhabitants.


PALYNOLOGICAL ASSEMBLAGES WITH ANGIOSPERMS IN THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF THE NEUQUÉN BASIN, ARGENTINA. Two new palynological assemblages including angiosperm pollen grains from Upper Cretaceous outcrops in the Neuquén Basin (west-central Argentina) are characterized and their biogeographic relationships are interpreted. The first one of the microfloras, from the stratigraphic unit Bajo de la Carpa, in the Neuquén Group at El Zampal, south of Mendoza, is characterized by the Confossia vulgaris-Cretacaeiporites scabratus pair, and it is assigned to the Santonian-?lower Campanian chronostratigraphic interval. This assemblage includes some elements recorded in Brazil and Africa, and it seems to belong to a transitional belt between the Equatorial and Austral paleofloristic provinces. The second one, from the Allen Formation at Lomas Coloradas, northeast of Neuquén province, is characterized by the Tricesticillus tetris-Peninsulapollis gilli pair, and it is assigned to the Campanian-Maastrichtian interval. Several representative components of the latter assemblage are well represented in Australia and the Antarctic Peninsula. The new information provided by these microfloras extends the palynological record, within the framework of a developing project that involves Cretaceous assemblages with angiosperms in central and septentrional Patagonia.


2% MgO was mixed with sodium ..beta.. alumina, and the mixture was formed in a die at 25 kpsi. The resulting material had a resistivity of 12 to 25 ..cap omega..-cm at 300/sup 0/. (RWR)


The arcticle covers the explainations of basic health education contents as well as the consideration of the design and name of the curriculum,Physical Education and Health in our country.The design of the curriculum,Physical Education and Health in our country,on the one hand has exaggerated the role of physical education in the health education of schools and has not given the health education of schools.In addition,Physical Education class has been changed into Physical Education and Health,which has caused moist of Physical Eduation teachers to puzzy and has not been benefit to the development of Physical Education curriculum.


The book provides an overview of current perspectives and approaches in the field of communication. Addressing different objects and moving through different...


This study presents results of a survey-based analysis on user acceptance of wireless electric vehicle charging. A structural equation model is developed based on Davis' technology acceptance model (TAM). It is expanded integrating elements of Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB). The main factors influencing acceptance of wireless electric vehicle charging are evaluated and analyzed. Empirical findings indicate that survey participants' acceptance of wireless electric vehicle charging is mainly influenced by affective evaluations of wireless charging, subjective norms, perceived usefulness of wireless charging, and environmental awareness. The results indicate a high degree of acceptance for wireless charging. Even individuals with lower degrees of acceptance are willing to use wireless charging within car-sharing or commercial fleets.


We investigated the influence of EphB3-ephrinB3 signaling on adult neural stem/ progenitor cells. EphB3 forward signaling suppresses proliferation in ambient and hypoxic environments. Unbound EphB3 leads to apoptosis, whereas binding to ligand ephrinB3 increases cell survival. Hypoxia induces down-regulation of EphB3, resulting in increased proliferation and survival. In the future, regulation of EphB3-ephrinB3 signaling could be utilized to improve outcome after CNS injury.


The modern universities' moral education is puzzled in the market economy. Moral education content and the reality have slowly departed away throughout the years. This situation has caused many peoples revising through the matters between moral education contents and the reality. "The courtesy" is the most basic character of human civilization and one of most important symbols. "The courtesy" is not only the method used for the human social communication, but also one kind of culture accumulating which formats internal and reveals external. University student will be country backbone with our future whose good manner not only reflected the civilized degree of a nation, simultaneously also set good example for the society. Vigorously carrying out the courtesy education in the university will be the important link to construct harmonious society.


Details of agenda item 3-5 Wilmington Gardens, Courtlands Hotel. Application ID: 151134.. Meeting of Planning on Tuesday, 5th January, 2016, 6.00 pm


Abstract This study aims to explain (1) the form of a traditional house made of bamboo in Makassar culture; (2) the components of the traditional houses made of bamboo and their respective functions; and (3) socio-cultural dimensions of the shape and structure traditional house constructed of bamboo in Makassar culture. To discuss these problems, we used the Saussure's Structural Linguistics approach (semiology) and Levi Strauss' Structural Anthropology. Both are elaborated into cultural semiotics. The data collection methods used were field surveys (observation) accompanied by technical documentation, interviews, and records. Data were analyzed qualitatively. Results of the research indicate that the traditional house form made of bamboo in Makassar culture is generally divided into three parts, either vertically or horizontally. Vertically, the upper part is called pammakkang 'attic'; the middle part is called kale ballak 'house body'; and the bottom is called siring 'underneath.' Horizontally, the front is called paddaserang ri dallekang 'vestibule'; the middle section is called paddaserang ri tangnga 'living room'; the backside is called paddaserang ri boko 'back room.' The components of the upper, middle, and lower houses show opposition to each other. However, these components are logically related and related to one another so as to form a meaningful social and cultural construction. The shape and structure of traditional houses in Makassar culture is influenced by socioeconomic and socio-cultural factors (cosmology, belief, and social stratification).


I have once taken as an example a law relating to land tenure and the livelihood of people in remote areas to whom we cannot apply the law because, through the authorities' fault due to their inability to reach them, the people have no means of knowing the law. The fault rests with the law-enforcing side rather than with the one upon which the law is to be enforced. This is quite a substantive point too. Ways must, therefore, be found to implement the law according to the dictates of nature. There is a particular legal matter which I have come across—a rather special one, but all the same, I should like to relate it, because it has given rise to complications. It also has to do with land tenure and people in remote areas. In forests designated and delineated by the authorities as reserved or restricted, there were people there already at the time of the delineation. It seems rather odd for us to enforce the reserved forest law on the people in the forest which became reserved only subsequently by the mere drawing of lines on pieces of paper. The problem arises inasmuch as, with the delineation done, these people became violators of the law. From the viewpoint of law, it is a violation, because the law was duly enacted; but according to natural law, the violator of the law is the one who drew the lines, because the people who had been in the forests previously possessed the human rights, meaning that the authorities had encroached upon individuals and not individuals transgressing the law of the land.


Boussinesq approximation was widely used in the previous studies to model dilute density or turbidity currents. This approximation was helping to simplify the governing equations and employing a single phase simulation of density currents. In contrast to the general approach of the previous researches who tried to avoid two-phase flow simulation, in this study the two-phase simulation of density current is performed to compare the solution based on the non-Boussinesq behaviour of the fluid with that assuming the Boussinesq approximation. The above goal has been achieved by employing the mixture model for the two-phase flow simulation. The geometry of study is based on a long shallow channel in which a high speed jet of salt-water entering the stilling fresh water via the sluice gate. Different turbulence models results have been compared with the experimental data in order to verify the best results. Also, results of two-phase simulation have been compared to those obtained by the Boussinesq approximation, results show that the two-phase simulation provides superior prediction compared to the conventional single phase flow simulation.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Innovativeness is an important determinant of firm success. However, most of the current research has investigated this phenomenon from the managerial perspective. Responding to calls by innovation scholars, for a customer-oriented approach, researchers have recently developed customer-based scales for firm innovativeness measurement (e.g. Firm Reputation for Product Innovation - Henard & Dacin, 2010; Perceived Firm Innovativeness - Kunz et al., 2011). Despite the importance of valid and reliable measurement, current research does not provide satisfactory advice on the effectiveness of these measures. To fill this important gap, the present research contributes by examining the relative effectiveness of these scales in two product categories and across four brands. The results indicate that while the Reputation for Product Innovation scale performs better in terms of scale sensitivity the two scales have displayed different degrees of ability in predicating the four outcome variables included.


The term cosmopolitanism both expresses an attitude towards our present time and provides certain keys to analyse it. This article aims to better understand the revival of cosmopolitanism since the end of the twentieth century by confronting conceptual developments in the social and political theory of modernity with the historical experiences of interpreting and institutionalizing modernity. At the heart of the matter are views about the prevailing social bonds between human beings and their implication for building and maintaining political institutions. The common view of modernity as marked by trends towards individualization and instrumental rationalization is redefined as one interpretation of modernity among others; and the current situation is regarded as a struggle over world-interpretations rather the imposition of linear trends towards globalization and individualization, a view that was dominant at the same time as cosmopolitan thinking revived.


National records are examined for the years 1973 to 1978 and each country is ranked according to four safety criteria giving special weight to crashes per million flights. Data on accidents involving passengers and crew, of public transport aircraft (including scheduled helicopters), scheduled and non-scheduled on revenue passenger or cargo flights are tabulated. Activity and accident data are presented for Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Columbia, Egypt, France, West Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Scandinavia, Turkey, U.K., U.S.A., and Venezuela.


The waterborne branched polyurethane(WBPU) was synthesized from toluene diisocyanates(TDI),TDB-2000,TMN-450,dimethylolpropionic acid(DMPA) and 1,4-butanediol(BDO) as raw materials under acetone reflux.The cast films obtained were characterized by FT-IR,~1HNMR and DSC.The DSC curve presented an endothermic decomposition bimodal profile,showing that water-borne branched polyurethane resin degraded obviously at about 299℃ and 380℃.The SEM photographs and FT-Raman spectra revealed that hexanitr-ohexaazaisowurtzitane(HNIW) was coated with water-borne branched polyurethane by means of latex deposition.The impact sensitivity results show that the characteristic height H_(50) of HNIW coated by water-borne branched polyurethane increases from 25.1cm to 31.6cm,indicating that the water-borne branched polyurethane can dec-rease the impact sensitivity of HNIW.


This paper aims to highlight some of the ideas proposed by the Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie in two of her conferences and relate them to the conception of woman in her European and post-colonial sense, based on the author's own specific observations about similarities and differences between the feminine in the two conceptions. Ahead, we analyze the short story A historiadora obstinada, by the same author and point out the elements that contribute to signal the idea of women in the African, more precisely Nigerian context, and how this woman has her own traits, which reveal a peculiar experience in some way similar to and distinct from European women, based on the theoretical contribution of Elizabeth Badinter, Joan Scott and Gayatri C. Spivak. Finally, we suggest how the tale problematizes the situation of women in the postcolonial context and how this woman puts herself in a paradoxical position, between staying in the place of origin and leaving the cultural space.


OBJECTIVE:To follow the development of network society and institutional innovation of the government and to provide reference for strengthening drug monitoring and supervision.METHODS:The author analyzed the current status of Chinese pharmaceutical electronic supervision and information sharing between the government and enterprises,and discussed implement strategies of the electronic supervision mechanism and information sharing.RESULTS CONCLUSIONS:The information sharing of pharmaceutical electronic supervision includes progressive strategy,strategy with wide coverage and large amount of drug as key points,standardization priority strategy,etc.The pharmaceutical electronic supervision is based on the information integration between governments,between enterprise and government,between enterprises.


Multidimensional cosmological models with factorizable geometry and their dimensional reduction to effective four-dimensional theories are analyzed on sensitivity to different scalings. It is shown that a non-correct gauging of the effective four-dimensional gravitational constant within the dimensional reduction results in a non-correct rescaling of the cosmological constant and the gravexciton/radion masses. The relationship between the effective gravitational constants of theories with different dimensions is discussed for setups where the lower dimensional theory results via dimensional reduction from the higher dimensional one and where the compactified space components vary dynamically.


To make a robot track a given desired motion trajectory, a learning control method is proposed which is based on the repeatability of robot motion. In this method the robot obtains a desired motion by repeating trials (test motion). A merit of this control method is that the input torque pattern that generates the desired motion can be formed without estimating the physical parameters of robot dynamics. Another merit is that acceleration feedback is added in control to make the number of trials decrease. In practice, to allow the robot motion to approach the desired one in each trial the input torque given to the robot at the present trial is modified only by the velocity signal of the real robot motion at the previous trial and the desired one. The convergence to the desired motion is theoretically proved for an approximate representation of nonlinear robot dynamics in the vicinity of the desired motion. Moreover, effectiveness of this control method is demonstrated through actual experiments in which PUMA 560 robot with first three degrees of freedom is used.


Robot grasping is subject to an inherent tradeoff: Grippers with a large span typically take a longer time to close, and fast grippers usually cover a small span. However, many practical applications of soft grippers require the ability to close a large distance rapidly. For example, grasping cloth typically requires pressing a wide span of fabric into a graspable cusp. Here, we demonstrate a human-finger-inspired snapping gripper that exploits elastic instability to achieve reversible rapid closure over a wide span. Using prestressed semi-rigid material as the skeleton, the gripper fingers can widely open (86 ~) and rapidly close (46 ms) following a trajectory similar to that of a thumb-index finger pinching which is 2.7 times and 10.9 times better than the reference gripper in terms of span and speed, respectively. We theoretically give the design principle, simulatively verify the method, and experimentally test this gripper on a variety of rigid, flexible, and limp objects and achieve good adaptivity and mechanical performance. This research helps bridge the gap between strong industry manipulators and safe human-interactive robotic hands.


Need to generate more revenues by driving loyalty of guests have been recognized as the most critical factor in business's success for hotel operator. There are numerous of underlying factors and determinants which lead to customer loyalty. Among them, the importance of customer loyalty becomes obvious along with high service quality and customer satisfaction will be highly evaluated in this research. This research supports to extend the understanding of the relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty of Novotel Yangon Max hotel by Accor hotel companies Drawing on Customer Loyality theory and social exchange theory, the study investigated the mediating role of customer satisfaction (CS) between the relationship Service quality (SQ) and customer loyalty (CL) in the Novotel Yangon Max hotel. The current study adopted SEM to test the study's hypotheses. A sample of 400 customers in the Novotel Yangon Max hotel was selected randomly. On  this representative sample,  a survey was carried  out  to  find  out  the  extent  of  SQ, and CS influence on CL. After testing the direct relationships, the researcher had conducted indirect relationships measurements, such as the impact of SQ on CL via CS. All the study's hypotheses were supported. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications were discussed.


Theory of mind is a cognitive ability that enables us to understand mental states of others, important in real-life communications as well as in aesthetic cognition. The present research investigated whether understanding intentions and emotions is related to aesthetic appreciation. Study 1 tested whether there is a link between aesthetic appreciation of cinematic films and attempts to understand the intentions and emotions of the artists and the film characters. It showed that a self-reported understanding of emotions and intentions is positively associated with aesthetic appreciation. Studies 2 and 4 investigated a causal relationship between the attempt to understand emotions and an aesthetic appreciation of artistic photos. Study 3 investigated an actual understanding of emotions and aesthetic appreciation of movie shots. The results show that when people evaluate the emotional state of the characters, they aesthetically appreciate artistic photos more, compared to when they evaluate non-mental characteristics of these photos (age of the characters, the colour of the photos). Moreover, better understanding of another's emotions is related to greater aesthetic appreciation.


Learning and memory processes depend on the hippocampus and are impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Active neuronal ensembles form an engram by encoding information during learning. Their reactivation is required for memory recall. However, it remains unresolved whether the engram in CA1 principal neurons is impaired under AD-like conditions. We used two-photon in vivo imaging to visualize the expression of the immediate early gene c-fos within CA1 neurons during contextual fear conditioning and retrieval. Surprisingly, we identified engrams in wild-type mice and in the mouse model of AD indicating intact memory formation. However, under AD-like conditions engrams were superimposed by a high number of newly recruited fosGFP+ neurons during memory recall. This superimposition resembled the network configuration of wild-type mice exposed to a novel context. Artificial superimposition of the memory trace during recall in wild-type mice was sufficient to induce memory impairment. Thus, we propose superimposition of the CA1 memory trace as a mechanism for memory impairment in a mouse model of AD. Highlights Decreased fosGFP expression in direct vicinity to amyloid-β plaques Intact engram in CA1 of APP/PS1 mice Impurity of the retrieval network in CA1 is sufficient to impair memory recall Poll et al. present a novel mechanism for memory impairment in a mouse model of AD. The potential memory trace was found intact in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. However, excessive neuronal activity during retrieval, was superimposing the memory trace in a mouse model of AD.


Dear Anonymous Referee #2: Thanks for your comments, our point-to-point responses to your comments are listed as f llows. Your comments: General comments: This paper presented an analysis algorithm for non-dispersive infrared to solve the non-linear absorption problem, which is very common in infrared field. The author presented a complex way to show how to resolve the problem of non-linear absorption. The author just mentioned concentration of the gases, which can cause non-linear absorption, but in my opinion, I think, not only the concentration, but also the optical path which can cause non-linear absorption, i.e. it is the optical depth (optical density) that cause the


SUMMARYWorker honeybees tolerated plural worker brood in some cells for the first 4 days of larval life. No cell was sealed with more than one larva present, and the development period of remaining larvae fell within the range for normal brood.


This paper presents new concepts and methodological tools to decide the investments that electric distribution utilities must perform under regulatory frameworks based on performance (Performance Based Regulation or PBR). The proposal is focused on short-term investments. In this work, the subject of hierarchical expansion planning and the basis for an investment decision methodology are presented. Furthermore, the uncertainties to be considered in the problem are indicated and uncertainty representation by means of Type-2 Fuzzy Numbers (T2-FN) is proposed due to the fact that T2-FN, besides modelling the uncertainties in quantitative form, can model uncertainties associated to expert knowledge of qualitative characteristics. System diagnosis and identification of problem areas are considered and it is proposed to classify these areas by using performance indices, then the possible short-term investments are analysed. Finally, a profit-cost and risk analysis for a high-priority investment classification are proposed.


This thesis is devoted to the modeling and simulation of incompressible multi-phase flow with Conservative sharp interface methods. Employing a weakly compressible framework, the viscosity jump at the material interface is directly imposed by an interface-flux term, and the pressure jump due to surface tension is imposed consistently after solving the constrained Riemann problem. For simulating multi-phase flow involving moving contact line, a curvature boundary condition is imposed directly at the wall surface. To accelerate simulation of multi-scale flow, we proposed an efficient implementation of the scale-separation approach.


Food insecurity is central to the fight against diseases and poverty in Africa. This explains why some governments, particularly in emerging economies, strive to identify the factors that incapacitate households to produce their own food. However, despite the existence of institutions and policies that support smallholder food production, the efforts have fallen short of expectations. This has generated serious anxiety and scepticism concerning the role of existing institutions and preferred policies. Thus, an exploratory study on the factors affecting the adoption of sustainable coping strategies among rural households was conducted in Chipinge district. Multistage random sampling method was used to select the study area and the respondents. Structured interview schedule and/or questionnaire were the methods employed to collect data from 120 household heads and 5 extension officers. Principal component analysis (PCA) and descriptive statistics were the analytical tools used to examine the constraints affecting the adoption of sustainable coping strategies. The PCA results revealed that the main challenges inhibiting the adoption of sustainable coping measures were labour, public and institutional constraints; religious values and land related problems; inadequate information on early warning system; limited employment opportunities and credit facility constraints; and poor rural farming projects and essential services provision constraints.


Gasification of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and their mixtures with K_2CO_ 3 as catalyst in supercritical water was conducted at 450℃ and 27.5MPa in a high-pressure batch autoclave.The experimental results showed that the gasification performance was in the order of cellulosehemicelluloselignin, which could be explained by the difference in molecular framework.The existence of lignin in the mixture could inhibit the generation of hydrogen and methane but had little effect on the generation of carbon dioxide.The inhibition effect weakened with decreasing amount of lignin.The reason might be associated with the hydrogenation of lignin in the course of hydrolysis.The interaction between cellulose and hemicellulose was so week that it could be ignored.In addition, equations to predict gas yield were developed.The results showed that the estimated values thus calculated agreed well with the values from actual gasification experiments and the deviation of prediction from experiment for hydrogen and methane was 5.77% and 4.74% respectively.


This study aims to analyze the intrinsic value of the stock PT Perusahaan
Gas Negara (Persero), Tbk. associated with the implementation of open access
policy. Because up to now there is no certainty regarding the implementation of
the policy, the company�s equity value calculation performed on two conditions,
if there is no change in policy and if open access policy applies. The resulting
difference in the two values will reflect the impact of open access policy to the
value of the equity and the value of the company shares.
The data used in this study is a financial statement PT Perusahaan Gas
Negara (Persero), Tbk. and Indonesian gas market conditions. The analytical tool
used is the discounted cash flow � free cash flow to equity dan economic profit
method.
The result show that the implementation of open access policy will result
in a decrease in the value of shares of the company, if there is no change in policy
on the company, the intrinsic value of the stock is Rp4.842 whereas if open access
policy applies, the intrinsic value of the stock will decrease to Rp4.388.


Before research agendas again deal with the question of how the physical attributes of a place impact on adult learning, we must consider some very basic, yet important, questions. This article urges the reader to think about the physical environment as one of many controllable conditions of learning. The author offers a conception of the physical environment as not only a stimulus evoking a response but also as a function of human intent, control, and structure. The purpose of the article is to encourage adult educators to ask appropriate questions about the physical learning environment and to develop increased environmental awareness.


Composites are widely used in aerospace offering the engineer a possibility to create lightweight parts suitable for exact loading conditions: polymer matrix composites are used for mechanically loaded aircraft structures, ceramic matrix composites applied for engine parts can withstanding high temperature and corrosive environment, etc. However aerospace demands specific properties: the skins should be electrically conductive to ensure that high-voltage impact during lightning strike would not damage the aircraft. Metal structures do not require any additional solutions due to good electrical conductivity but in CFRP designs the engineers need to use special techniques which however modify only the surface of CFRP making the production technology more complicated. The enhancing of the bulk properties of CFRP is a promising way to improve both electrical conductivity and thermal one, which is also quite important. The investigation of CFRP modified by SWCNT was performed. The experiments were focused on the evaluation of electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. It has been shown that tensile properties are less affected by addition of SWCNT while flexural were improved. Addition of 0.3 wt.% SWCNTs results in improvement of flexural strength and modulus on 22% and 16% correspondingly. Electrical conductivity after the addition of SWCNT raised both for epoxy and CFRP. The effect of CNTs on CFRP conductivity is much higher for out-of-plane path provided by interlayer connections in epoxy binder while in-plane conductivity determined by carbon fibers and therefore it shows an ambiguous increase with large scatter. Addition 0.3 wt.% of SWCNT increases out-of-plane conductivity up to ~66 S/m while unmodified CFRP was dielectric. The proposed method for producing of hybrid composites has good potential and future research is to be linked to the development of reliable and inexpensive preparation and mixing technique and investigation of fatigue properties which are quite important for industrial application.


This paper reports on a study to answer the research question; why do dairy farmers adopt (or not adopt as the case may be) centre pivot irrigation (CPI) in the Central Goulburn Irrigation District (CGID) of southeastern Australia? Twenty-two dairy farmers were interviewed. Ten of these farmers had adopted CPI, four were considering adopting, and eight of the farmers were not planning to adopt CPI. The farmers interviewed represented the range of irrigated dairy farm sizes and production practices found within the CGID. The interviews were conducted and the data analysed as per the methods developed by Kaine (2004; 2008). We found that dairy farmers in the CGID only adopted CPI if their farm context (the farm's physical characteristics, the farmers' mix of skills and existing practices) meant that CPI would provide a relative advantage over alternative irrigation options. Therefore, CPI was only adopted when a farmer: required additional cattle feed; wanted to grow crops in a 'cut and carry' system to meet these requirements; and had access to undeveloped, physically suitable land. These findings suggest that rather than the adoption rates of CPI in the CGID being low, the market for CPI within the CGID is small. This is useful information that will enable realistic targets for adoption to be set, and guide research and extension in the CGID.


Abstract In supersonic plasma spraying system (SAPS), heat transfer from arc plasma is characterized by several distinct features, such as transport of dissociation and ionization energy and of electrical charges in addition to mass transport. The thermodynamic and transport properties of plasma jet were influenced by several main parameters such as primary gas flow rate, the H2 vol.% and current intensity A. This paper first analyzes the effect of these parameters on the temperature and velocity of plasma jet theoretically. Further, the loading particles were melted and accelerated by plasma jet. Effects of several main parameters such as carrier gas flow rate, the H2 vol.%, the current intensity, the voltage and the spraying distance on temperature and velocity of in-flight particle were studied experimentally. The average maximum temperature and velocity of in-flight particle at any given parameters were systematically quantified. Optimal SAPS process parameters were given in this paper. In general, increasing the particles impacting velocity and surface temperature can improve the maximum spreading factor and decrease the coating porosity.


Larvae of the salt marsh moth Estigmene acrea (Dru.) feed on a variety of herbaceous plants including some that contain secondary plant substances called pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). The salt marsh moth uses PAs in defense against predators and parasites and as pheromone precursors while non-PA plants are used for general nutrition. This study focuses on the development of their androconial organs, coremata, and on the role of pyrrolizidine alkaloids as morphogens stimulating corematal growth. During the pupal period, the development of the coremata can be divided into five discrete stages. Dietary PAs fed to laboratory raised final instar larvae were found to accelerate corematal development in stages four and five, to increase the number of corematal scales and to enhance corematal size compared to larvae without a PA dietary supplement. As part of the developmental process, dietary PAs stimulated the formation of a network of stellate cellular inclusions in the secretory cells at the base of each androconial scale. In addition, dietary PAs shortened the duration of the pupal stage for males but not females. The effects of PAs as morphogens in E. acrea are compared to those for the South Asian arctiines Creatonotus gangis and C. transiens in which the developmental role of PAs was first discovered. Additional key words: coremata, hydroxydanaidal, morphogen, pyrrolizidine alkaloids


By using the invariant method we find one-parameter squeezed Gaussian states for both time-independent and time-dependent oscillators. The squeezing parameter is expressed in terms of the energy expectation value for the time-independent case and represents the degree of mixing of positive and negative frequency solutions for the time-dependent case. A minimum uncertainty proposal is advanced to select, uniquely, vacuum states at each moment of time. We show that the Gaussian states with minimum uncertainty coincide with the true vacuum state for the time-independent oscillator and the Bunch-Davies vacuum for a massive scalar field in a de Sitter spacetime.


A new extension to account for correlation between the shot noise sources of SiGe HBTs is formulated. This model is valid to be added to existing compact models. Using this model, circuit level noise parameters, including the minimum noise figure, the optimum generator admittance and the noise resistance, are calculated from noise sources and the small signal y-parameters of the transistor through circuit analysis of the chain noisy two-port representation. The minimum noise figure simulated was found to be less than the original model without correlation ranging from -23% at 2 GHz to -6% at 26 GHz, giving a better fit to measured data.


The effect of DPF characteristics, such as material and cell density, on the internal temperature of DPF during active regeneration was investigated by using DPF test rig. DPF was regenerated by direct fuel injection into the exhaust gas in the upstream of DOC and exhaust gas in front of DPF was heated up to 650℃ by controlling the quantity of injected fuel. Because thermal conductivity of SiC DPF is superior to that of cordierite DPF, radial thermal gradient and maximum DPF temperature of SiC DPF was much lower than those of cordierite DPF during active regeneration in case of the same soot loading and cell density condition. However, the difference of cell density in SiC DPF had little effect on thermal properties during active regeneration. That means that the material of DPF is a key factor to influence thermal properties of DPF during regeneration.


Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) along-track interferometry (ATI) is a technique for sensing Earth-surface motion. The technique involves interferometrically combining data from two radar images acquired from phase centers separated along the platform flight track.


Total neutron cross sections have been measured for /sup 249/Bk and its ..beta.. decay daughter, /sup 249/Cf. Single level Breit-Wigner resonance analysis has been performed for 35 resonances below 62 eV in Bk and for 10 resonances below 10 eV in Cf. (SDF)


Three single-stage absorption heat transformer (SSHT) configurations are modeled, analyzed and compared from the viewpoints of thermodynamics and economics, using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. In addition, a multi-objective optimization is carried out for the three configurations to specify the optimal design point considering the second law efficiency and the product unit cost as two objective functions. The configurations differ from one another considering the number of heat exchangers used in them. The results show that the coefficient of performance (COP) and exergy coefficient of performance (ECOP) for configuration 3 are around 35% and 30% higher than the corresponding values for configuration 1, respectively. Also, configuration 2 is found to be more economic with a product unit cost of about 21% and 5% lower than those for configurations 1 and 3, respectively. Furthermore, it is observed that relatively higher absorber temperatures can be achieved by configurations 2 and 3 compared to configuration 1. It is concluded from the multi-objective optimization that the conditions at which the evaporator, condenser and absorber temperatures are 86.51 °C, 39.03 °C and 123.1 °C, respectively, represents an optimal solution.


The LMS (learning management system) at many schools for delivering, tracking and managing education relies on TEL (technology-enhanced learning), what Nichols called "pedagogy empowered by digital technology" (Nichols, 2008). It includes the "paperless classroom" in traditional (not online) classes in which faculty and students exchange information and assignments electronically. The paperless non-online classroom pedagogy is designed to improve the efficiency of the learning experience, to contribute to asynchronous learning and to help students develop the electronic skills and competencies they will need in the post-graduate private sector while contributing to the sustainability efforts of the university. The main objective of this paper is to provide a framework for managing a paperless classroom, including best practices, pedagogical issues and the "how-do-I" suggestions.


The neuroprotective effects of dipeptide GK-2h, a mimetic of nerve growth factor, in bifocal photoinduced ischemia in rat brain prefrontal cortex was studied. It was shown that GK-2h, injected intraperitonealy in dose 0.1 mg/kg in 1 h or 4 h after operation and then on 2nd, 4th and 8th days, prevented significantly on 9th day from increasing volume of cortical infarction.


In the last years a great concern has raised among population due to the placement of the base stations (BS) of cellular systems in urban areas. In some cases, it has been addressed with the (re)installation of BSs in far suburban areas. However, in these cases, mobile stations (MS) must raise transmission power. Thus, users may -potentially- suffer a higher radio exposure. In this paper we quantified the variation of the transmission power in this application scenario. The study has been done by means of the OPNET/GSM framework simulation tool. Suitable propagation models and the GSM power control algorithm have been added to the model, in order to compute the MS transmission power in a real environment. Results reveal a significative increment of the MS transmission power when the BS is relocated to suburban areas. Therefore, we conclude that it is necessary to introduce modifications in the GSM network architecture to solve this issue together with the BS placement problem


Welcome to the special issue of Paediatrics & Child Health dedicated to paediatric emergency medicine (PEM). This issue provides succinct updates on a number of common clinical problems seen in the paediatric emergency department (PED) (head injuries, fever, respiratory distress and, toxic syndromes or 'toxidromes'), and focuses on areas of concern (overcrowding, teaching resuscitation skills and reducing errors). We also review the history of PEM in Canada, discuss recent articles in PEM and offer ideas for pre- and postemergency care. We hope many readers will use this issue to improve urgent child and youth care in their region, leading to better health outcomes.

The young subspecialty of PEM has undergone tremendous and exciting changes over the past two decades. From a service that was provided by other specialists such as surgeons, general practitioners and community paediatricians, PEM has evolved into a service provided by paediatric emergentologists, with a unique set of skills, knowledge and aptitude.

While in the past emergency rooms served as a triage and a referral system for children and their families, they have evolved into EDs providing acute care; saving children's lives 24 h a day, seven days a week and 365 days a year; and in academic centres, providing teaching and research.

Clinically, PEM in Canada has moved rapidly to provide evidence-based practices, including the use of clinical practice guidelines, up-to-date therapeutic options and procedures appropriate for children and youth. Advances in the management of common acute illnesses such as fever, respiratory distress and abdominal pain have led to more efficient and proficient care, the use of drugs previously 'prohibited' for children following careful research in the field, and improved analgesia and procedural sedation.

Canadian PEM practitioners were pioneers in the area of teaching in the PED setting, and at an early stage understood the importance and impact of knowledge translation. From bedside teaching to PEM-specific workshops and conferences, and from Web-based learning to high-fidelity simulation, Canadian PEM physicians have made PEM learning an interesting and enriching experience, enhancing paediatricians' knowledge and skills.

Research in PEM has grown tremendously over the past decade, despite the need to diagnose and treat almost immediately, challenges in obtaining consent and the crowded nature of the ED. Networking between Canadian centres has paved the way for quality collaborative research in PEM. The importance of PEM in child and youth care was recognized by the Canadian Paediatric Society supporting the formation of the PEM Section.

Our work has only just begun. We need to advocate for better and more timely access to high-quality urgent care for children and youth across Canada, regardless of where they live. We need more research to refine and improve care in the ED, better transport and triage protocols, and more work with colleagues to prevent urgent acute health care problems. Working together, we can make an even bigger difference in the health and lives of acutely ill children and youth.


Chinese nation boasts a long-standing tradition of using cereal starch of various kinds to produce line-shaped foods.Archaeological excavations reveals that the "Suo Mian",a kind of long and thin noodle with a history of 4000 years in Lajia village in Qinghai Province of China,is the oldest noodle ever discovered,which is made of millet and panicum.Historically,Substantial progress was made in wheat flour milling during the Han Dynasty,which resulted in subsequent increase in the variety of noodles,emergence of steamed bread,cakes,steamed stuffed buns and dumpling,etc.,as well as the development of flour fermentation technology.Today,the noodle made of wheat flour and the noodle made of rice flour have developed into the two major line-shaped foods in China.Rice,the staple food for the eastern and south-eastern Asian countries,is the main ingredients for rice noodles,which will witness a broader market demand and a wider space for development.