Introduction: The aging process of voice begins after the age of 60 and has an individually variable course. Voice quality disorders at this age are called senile voice (Presbyphonia or Vox Senium). Voice pathology is particularly severe in women. The aim of the study was to diagnose the clinical form of Presbyphonia in elderly women using High Speed Digital Imaging (HSDI) and acoustic voice analysis. Material and methods: Study included 50 elderly women (average age 69) with dysphonia (Group I). Control group (Group II) included 30 women (average age 71) without voice quality disorders. Visualization assessment has been conducted with High Speed Digital Imaging (HSDI) with High Speed camera (HS). Acoustic evaluation of voice included analysis isolated vowel "a" and continuous linguistic text with Diagnoscope Specialista software. Maximum Phonation Time (MPT) has been determined. Results: In Group I, 78% of women revealed vocal folds vibrations asymmetry, vibration amplitude increase, Mucousal Wave (MW) limitation and Type D glottal insufficiency (GTs). Acoustic voice analysis proved decrease in F0, increase in Jitter, Shimmer, NHR. In 22% of women, next to vibrations asymmetry, vibration amplitude reduction and MW limitation, Type E glottal insufficiency (GTs) have been found. Acoustic voice analysis revealed slight decrease in F0 and the presence of numerous non-harmonic components in the glottis region. Conclusions: Vocal folds visualization with HSDI showed edema, less often atrophy in elderly women. Both forms of dysphonia were caused abnormal values of F0, Jitter, Shimmer, NHR in the acoustic voice evaluation and significant reduction of MPT.


The prevalence of prescription drug-dealing and the severe lack of drug-free recovery centres in Dublin's north inner city are some of the challenges facing the area, according to its community leaders


Objective To down-regulate the expression of wild type centromere protein E(CENP-EWT) by RNA interference,and observe the effect of CENP-EWT gene silencing on proliferation,apoptosis,migration and invasion of human colon cancer HCT116 cells.Methods HCT116 cells were randomly divided into blank control,empty vector control and CENP-EWT shRNA transfection groups.Forty-eight hours after transfection,the CENP-EWT mRNA level in cells was determined by nested PCR,while the proliferative activity of cells by MTT method,the apoptosis rate of cells by Hoechst methd,and the migration and invasion abilities of cells by Transwell test.Results Compared with those in blank control and empty vector control groups,the transcription level of CENP-EWT mRNA and the proliferative activity of cells in CENP-EWT shRNA transfection group decreased significantly(both P 0.05),while the apoptosis rate as well as migration and invasion abilities of cells increased significantly(P 0.01).Conclusion CENP-EWT gene silencing inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis,while enhanced the migration and invasion abilities of human colon cancer HCT116 cells.


Disease management and technology breakthroughs could relieve the health care staffing shortage and control costs by letting people with chronic conditions remain in their homes while caregivers monitor them from remote locations. But who pays?


Increasing the reliability and power quality in electricity grids has been a focus since electricity distribution systems were first created. However, for a variety of technology, economic, and public policy reasons, it may be desirable to work towards utility systems standards that are lower than they are today. A network model of power at the local level can make local generation and storage -- and hence local reliability -- easier and less expensive to create. This paper summarizes how actual needs for power quality and reliability can be accomplished with new technology options and so lead to shifting substantial future capital investment from the utility grid to locally, within buildings.


Abstract. The paper describes a wide-angle collimator based on a "Schmidt camera" mirror design, which is intended for resolution measurements of a telescope operating in the 120- to 380-nm wavelength range. The collimator consists of a test pattern, a spherical mirror, and a mirror wavefront corrector (planoid) compensating for spherical aberration and astigmatism. The test pattern is shifted from the optical axis of the collimator using a flat mirror. The main parameters of the device are as follows: working area diameter of the test pattern, 30 mm; aperture ratio, F/3.2; exit pupil diameter, 250 mm; angular resolution measured in "white light," 1.4 arc sec; and field of view, 2ω=3  deg. The results of the angular resolution measurements of a two-channel Schmidt–Cassegrain mirror telescope, obtained with the use of the collimator, are given.


An (n,d)-permutation code is a subset C of Sym(n) such that the Hamming distance d_H between any two distinct elements of C is at least equal to d . In this paper, we use the characterization of the isometry group of the metric space (Sym(n),d_H) in order to develop generating algorithms with rejection of isomorphic objects. To classify the (n,d) -permutation codes up to isometry, we construct invariants and study their efficiency. We give the numbers of nonisometric (4, 3) - and (5, 4)- permutation codes. Maximal and balanced (n,d)-permutation codes are enumerated in a constructive way.


In-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and infrared (IR) study of adsorbed CO were performed to characterize the states of the platinum particles supported on the sulfate ion-treated zirconium oxides (SO[sub 4][sup 2] -ZrO[sub 2]) after reduction with hydrogen. Presence of the sulfate ion strongly suppressed the reducibility of the platinum particles as well as the chemisorptive capacity for CO. The platinum particles consisted mainly of platinum cations (mixture of platinum oxide and platinum sulfate) after reduction with hydrogen at 673 K; the concentration of metallic platinum phase was low. The low reducibility of the dispersed platinum particles present as platinum cations on the SO[sub 4][sup 2-] -ZrO[sub 2] support is interpreted by the redox metal-support interaction (RMSI), which is caused by the acidic properties of the SO[sub 4][sup 2-] support and results in a slow nucleation of the platinum particles. The states of sulfur were also measured by XPS, and the partial conversion of the S[sup 6+] (sulfate ion) to S[sup 2[minus]] species on hydrogen treatment is concluded to occur by the metal-catalyzed mechanism involving spiltover hydrogen atoms resulting from the dissociation of a hydrogen molecule on the metallic platinum.


Subtitle: Al Ditter and Bernie Baldwin report from the Regional Airline Association's annual convention and exhibition, held recently in Dallas.


Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is a survival food during drought in Ethiopia and the Indian Subcontinent, producing the cheapest dietary protein and saving thousands of lives. It also is a mixed blessing as the cause of the crippling neurolathyrism after prolonged over-consumption. Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a protein-poor root crop that is the staple food for over half a billion people in Africa, South America and Southeast Asia, and the cheapest source of dietary carbohydrates. Over-consumption of cassava roots in a monotonous diet can cause konzo, with clinical symptoms indistinguishable from neurolathyrism. The prominent features of both diseases are sudden onset of symmetric spastic paraparesis of the calf muscles and scissor gate. The common feature of grass pea seed and cassava roots is the low content of the essential sulphur containing amino acids methionine and cysteine. The focus of breeding has been the reduction of the neuro-excitatory amino acid b-ODAP (b-N-oxalyl-L-a,b-diaminopropionic acid) in grass pea and the reduction of the cyanogenic glucosides in cassava. Developing varieties with higher content in methionine and cysteine and a better balanced diet may be more relevant in improving nutrition without jeopardizing the tolerance for biotic and abiotic stress of these crops.


To support for mathematical input about edit application and so on, We are studying about mathematical interface for voice not to depend on keyboard. We use AmiVoice application in Voice input. It is enabled to recognize not to depend on person's voice. At first, we execute morphological analyser in recognition disposal. A speaker devises breath point in reading out of math equation. And interface can recognize verious structure of math equation. Next, we make mathematical grammar suited japanese reading. And we execute syntax analysis them. And math structure generated. This interface are supported to math equation used to junior or high school about math recognition range. We seted up expression range to recognize verious reading procedure. We explain about method of recognition management, and We demonstrate voice interface.


GaN/InGaN core–shell nanorods are promising for optoelectronic applications due to the absence of polarization-related electric fields on the sidewalls, a lower defect density, a larger emission volume, and strain relaxation at the free surfaces. The core–shell geometry allows the growth of thicker InGaN shell layers, which would improve the efficiency of light emitting diodes. However, the growth mode of such layers by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy is poorly understood. Through a combination of nanofabrication, epitaxial growth, and detailed characterization, this work reveals an evolution in the growth mode of InGaN epitaxial shells, from a two-dimensional (2D) growth mode to three-dimensional (3D) striated growth without additional line defect formation with increasing layer thickness. Measurements of the indium distribution show fluctuations along the directions, with low and high indium composition associated with the 2D and 3D growth modes, respectively. Atomic steps at the GaN/InGaN cor...


Background: Lemongrass plants contain phytochemicals, this is the content that has a medicinal effect. Among the chemicals considered to act as larvicides are Tannin and Saponin. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the administration of red lemongrass extract (Cymbopogon Citratus) as larvae of Aedes Aegypty mosquitoes.
Methods: The design of this study is a true post-test only design with the focus of the research directed to be to analyze the effectiveness of the administration of red lemongrass extract (Cymbopogon Citratus) as larvae of Aedes Aegypty mosquitoes with 3 types of samples namely 3ml, 4 ml & 5 ml applied with 100 milliliters of water 20 Aedes Aegypty mosquito larvae were given in each sample.
Results: The findings found a dose of 3 ml, at 5 minutes the administration of Red seray extract did not kill mosquito larvae and after 60 minutes the amount of death was 7 mosquito larvae. Dose 4 ml, at 5 minutes administration of Red Lemongrass extract, 1 larvae of mosquitoes died and after 60 minutes the death of 15 Aedes Aegypty mosquitoes was obtained. A dose of 5 ml, at 5 minutes of administration of Red Lemongrass extract, 1 Aedes Aegypty mosquito larvae died and after 60 minutes, 20 mosquito larvae were found. Statistical tests using One Way Anova, the value of 0.000 <0.05 can be concluded that the average number of dead larvae based on levels of red lemongrass extract (Cymbopogon Citratus) is significantly different and the average number of dead larvae based on the time of red lemongrass extract (Cymbopogon Citratus) is significantly different.
Conclusion: The results of this study can be a solution to the problem of increasing the rate of larval free (ABJ) in society at large and the community can cultivate red lemongrass and can be of high economic value as a community business opportunity.


LRM(Line replaceable module) is a main character of the avionics for the fourth era military aircraft,and it's placed an important role in improving the operational readiness and depressing the life cycle cost(LCC) of military aircraft.This paper analyzed the deficiency of the traditional avionics structural,pointed out the virtue of avionics structural based on LRM,expatiated the quality what module should possessed and the criterion in existence for it.Simultaneity,this paper discussed the key technologies of LRM in detail.So,some reference about our new aircraft design was offered.


Recent years have witnessed a drastic increase in the number of urban metro passengers, which inevitably causes the overcrowdedness in the metro systems of many cities. Clearly, an accurate prediction of passenger flows at metro stations is critical for a variety of metro system management operations, such as line scheduling and staff preallocation, that help alleviate such overcrowdedness. Thus, in this paper, we aim to address the problem of accurately predicting metro station passenger (MSP) flows. Similar to other traffic data, such as road traffic volume and highway speed, MSP flows are also spatial-temporal in nature. However, existing methods for other traffic prediction tasks are usually suboptimal to predict MSP flows due to MSP flows' unique spatial-temporal characteristics. As a result, we propose a novel deep learning framework STP-TrellisNets, which for the first time augments the newly-emerged temporal convolutional framework TrellisNet for spatial-temporal prediction. The temporal module of STP-TrellisNets (named CP-TrellisNets) employs two TrellisNets in serial to jointly capture the short- and long-term temporal correlation of MSP flows. In parallel to CP-TrellisNets, its spatial module (named GC-TrellisNet) adopts a novel transfer flow-based metric to characterize the spatial correlation among MSP flows, and implements multiple diffusion graph convolutional networks (DGCNs) in time-series order with their outputs connected to a TrellisNet to capture the dynamics of such spatial correlation. Clearly, GC-TrellisNet essentially integrates TrellisNet with graph convolution, and empowers TrellisNet with the ability to capture dynamic graph-structured correlation. We conduct extensive experiments with two large-scale real-world automated fare collection datasets, which contain respectively about 1.5 billion records in Shenzhen, China and 70 million records in Hangzhou, China. The experimental results demonstrate that STP-TrellisNets outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines.


The loss of cell cycle control leading to deregulated cell proliferation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The cell cycle progression is regulated by the activities of cydin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their subunits known as cyclins. Cell cycle regulators are often mutated in human neoplasia, resulting in outcomes such as overexpression of CDKs and cyclins, as well as loss of natural inhibitors of CDKs, and consequently hyperactivation of CDKs. Inhibition of CDKs thus provides an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. Over the past few years, many small-molecule CDK inhibitors have been discovered and at least 4 have entered into clinical trials. These include both pan CDK inhibitors such as flavopiridio and UCN-01, along with the more selective CDK2 inhibitors, (R)-roscovitine and BMS-387042. On the other hand, the transition from one phase of the cell cycle to the next is controlled by cell cycle checkpoiunts and may represent a viable alternative target for cell cycle modulation. The recent understanding of the critical role of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) in the G 2 checkpoint has generated great interest in the discovery of Chk1 inhibitors. This review discusses the progress of preclinical research and clinical developments of CDK inhibitors and the recently disclosed Chk1 inhibitors.


Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which mostly attacks human lungs and has become a public health problem because the disease is easily transmitted. According to global estimation in 2019, 10 million people suffer from tuberculosis which results in 1.2 million deaths. However, this high mortality rate could be prevented by early detection. Among the several examinations performed to detect tuberculosis, chest x-rays are widely used for screening and early detection. Also, advanced technology such as machine learning and deep learning helps to improve early detection by automatically classifying the presence of disease through medical images. In this study, the combinations of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) feature extraction and ensemble method classifiers, such as Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), were proposed to classify chest x-ray images into two classes, namely tuberculosis and normal. Using Kaggle Tuberculosis Chest X-Ray Database, CNN-RF model provided the best accuracy and AUC results of 98.667% and 99.933% respectively, while the CNN-XGBoost gave the best results of 98.367% and 99.866 respectively. Both models provided the best performance results, but the accuracy and AUC values of CNN-RF are better than the CNN-XGBoost in classifying tuberculosis based on chest x-ray images.


In this Special Issue, Reflective Learning in Higher Education explores on tertiary education and its practices. It looks at in-house and external individuals, and collective initiatives and activities that centre on generating and reflecting on knowledge. It also explores the transformation output of learning communities, the communities themselves and their reflective practices, and discusses how reflective learning and developing one's professional identity through reflection are linked. The connections between the theoretical and applied research on reflective practices, knowledge generation in all areas, professional practice and identity through theoretical definition, situated and grounded practice and transformative knowledge are also considered. The nine manuscripts in this Special Issue manifest that reflective learning is likely to (i) help forge students' professional identity and ensure sustainable competences are effectively developed, (ii) transform students' preconceived perspectives and social preferences to foster new reasoned action plans for decision-making, (iii) promote understanding one's personal professional strengths and limitations and develop the ability to identify resources and ways to solve existing and/or future professional challenges and (iv) modify the students' beliefs, attitudes, and daily behaviour to develop competences that will ultimately result in promoting sustainability.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the implication of social phenomenology and the socio-critical paradigm in the research of university education. For this, the qualitative approach was used with a documentary design, which sought to understand in depth the meaning and sense of the texts, without resorting to the quantification of the data. The data analysis was carried out using the hermeneutic-dialectical method, which consisted of interpreting the texts from their historical-cultural context and from their relationship with other texts. The results of the study showed that social phenomenology and the socio-critical paradigm share a constructivist and interpretive vision of social and educational reality, which recognizes the diversity, complexity and dynamism of the phenomena that are investigated; both currents reject positivism and empiricism as valid forms of knowledge to address social and educational reality, and propose a comprehensive and critical approach that takes into account the contexts, situations and experiences of the subjects. Likewise, social phenomenology and the socio-critical paradigm coincide in the use of qualitative methods to collect, analyze and interpret the data of the research, using techniques such as participant observation, in-depth interviews, discussion groups, life stories, documentary analysis, among others. These techniques allow access to the perceptions, opinions, attitudes, values, beliefs and emotions of the subjects who intervene in university education, as well as to the structures, processes and practices that configure that reality. Finally, social phenomenology and the socio-critical paradigm have a transformative and emancipatory purpose of knowledge, which seeks not only to describe and understand educational reality, but also to transform it and emancipate it.


After T-300 carbon fiber plain cloths and PAN pr e-oxidized fiber web were laminated,punched and carbonized,quasi-3D structure cylindrical composite fabric was prepared.When density of composite fabric was up to some constant value during the CVD process,two different processes were us ed for preparation of C/C composite.The composite reinforced structure was anal yzed with a metallograph,and thermal physical properties of material were measur ed.The results show that needle punching of web fiber along radial direction ev idently reinforce integral structure of composite;the punched radial fibers app ear in the form of fiber cluster,which(isn't) perfectly perpendicular;the pr ocess has significantly effect on fiber distribution form.At 800 ℃,thermal di ffusion coefficient of C/C composite along axial and radial direction,which take s CVD and resin carbon as matrix and are treated at 1 800 ℃ high temperature,ar e respectively 0.064 cm~2/s and 0.026 7(cm~2/s;)specific heat capacity are respectively 1.928×10~3 J/(kg·K) and 2.278×10~3 J/(kg·K);thermal diffus ion coefficient of C/C composite along axial and radial direction,which takes CV D and pitch carbon as matrix and are treated at 2 500 ℃ high temperature,are re spectively(0.159) cm~2/s and(0.067) cm~2/s;specific heat capacity are respectively 1.597×10~3(J/(kg·K)) and 1.713×10~3 J/(kg·K).Finally,the rmal property difference caused by two processes was analyzed.


This chapter attempts to accurately investigate the conception to take a benefit as an ethical foundation of character education, known as the concept of istifādah. This refers to the insightful value of al-Zarnūjī's Ta'lim al-Muta'allim, containing fundamental principles in the context of education, which has been used by the Islamic boarding school Pesantren in Indonesia. This research is employed through literature study using descriptive analysis. The findings reveal that there four core stages to examine istifādah for personal development in Islamic education context. Those are integrating Hikmah (wisdom) based moral quality for personal development, sustaining continuous discipline, nurturing effective time management, and empowering strategic effort with experiential foundations. Moreover, this study is supposed to give the contribution mainly in supplementing the theoretical basis on personality development in Islamic education context.


Non-characteristic boundary value problems were formulated for hyperfunctions by Komatsu-Kawai [9] and Schapira [12]. They defined the boundary values of hyperfunction solutions and proved the uniqueness of solutions of the boundary value problem. Solvability of the (local) boundary value problem was proved by Kaneko [2] under the assumption of semi-hyperbolicity. Kataoka [6, 8] introduced the notion of mildness on the boundary for hyperfunctions. He studied non-characteristic boundary value problems in detail by using the theory of mild hyperfunctions (see [7, 8]). Let P be a linear partial differential operator of order m with analytic coefficients defined on an open subset M of Rn '" x=(xt> x'), and set int M+ ={x EM; xl>O} and N={x EM; Xl =O}. Suppose that N is noncharacteristic with respect to P. Then any hyperfunction u(x) defined on int M+ satisfying Pu(x)=O becomes mild on N, and the boundary value vix' ) = (ajaxl)lu( +0, x') is defined as a hyperfunction on Nfor any integer j :2::0. Moreover if VO(X'), ... , Vm-I(X' ) vanish, then u(x) vanishes near N. However, if N is characteristic with respect to P, then u(x) is not mild in general. In this paper, we define the F-mildness for hyperfunctions defined on int M+. The notion of F-mildness is a generalization of that of mildness. If u(x) is F-mild on N, we can define the boundary value vix' ) = (ajaXI)JU( +0, x') for any integer j>O as a hyperfunction on N in a natural way. Using F-mild hyperfunctions, we formulate boundary value problems for Fuchsian partial differential operators and prove the uniqueness of solutions of the boundary value problem. Let P be a Fuchsian partial differential operator of weight m k with respect to Xl in the sense of Baouendi-Goulaouic [1] and let u(x) be a hyperfunction on int M+ satisfying Pu(x)=O. Assume that the characteristic exponents of P avoid certain integral values. Under these assumptions, if u(x) is F-mild on N


This paper presents a two-machine flowshop scheduling problem with family sequence-dependent setup times and a common due window. The objective is to minimize the sum of earliness and tardiness according to the common due window. The problem is found to be NP-hard. And a niche genetic algorithm (NGA) with sharing as the population diversity mechanism is developed for it, in which the distance of two chromosomes is defined to measure the similarity between them, preventing premature convergence of a standard genetic algorithm (SGA). Computational experiments in different scales show the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm.


A compound of formula ** ** wherein R1 and R2 independently represent H or C1-6 alkyl; R3 represents phenyl substituted with at least one group selected from halo, CF3, OCF3, CN, OH, C1-6 alkyl and C1-6 alkoxy; and R4, R5 and R11 independently represent H or - (CH2) nA, wherein n represents 0, 1 or 2, with the proviso that at least one of R4, R5 and R11 is other than H; A represents CONR6R7 or SO2NR6R7, in which R6 and R7 independently represent H, C3-6 cycloalkyl or C1-6 alkyl, the C1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from OH, CO2H being, C3 -6, NH2, CONH2, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxycarbonyl and a heterocyclic ring of 5 or 6 membered (containing 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, S and O); moreover, R6 and R7, together with the N atom to which they are attached, may represent a pyrrolidine or piperidine (rings that are optionally substituted with OH or CONH2) or a morpholine ring (which estaopcionalmente substituted by CONH 2); CO2R8 wherein R8 represents H or C1-6 alkyl.


Article analyses if Technology can be a Competitiveness Factor of Transitional countries' products on the International Markets on the case of Croatia.


This dissertation consists of three essays studying the impact of new, digital information on innovation in different markets. The first essay sheds light on the impact of intellectual property in affecting the impact of new information on innovation, while the second and third essays identify the role of maps as a novel form of information and estimate their impact on innovation in different markets.


One-dimensional (1-D) ZnO has been widely studied in recent years owing to its excellent optical, electrical, and piezoelectrical properties. They are the potential building blocks for a wide range of nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this article the crystal structure and properties of ZnO wurtzite are introduced, and a comprehensive review of the latest progress in preparation techniques of one-dimensional ZnO nanomaterials and their applications in optoelectronic devices, sensors, solar cells and etc.are provided.At last, the existing problems and the research development trends are prospected.


The invention concerns the preparation of granulates of hexahydropyrazine derivatives which can be administered orally, these granulates being prepared by mixing the active substance in the presence of suitable solvents with hydrophobic carrier substances optionally in the presence of auxiliary substances. The resultant mixture is optionally converted into further ready-to-use forms.


A schedule management device of a mobile communication terminal and a method are provided to search a schedule by each group or each person's name in a phone book, thus there is no need for a user to select and confirm a separate menu to view the schedule, while usage convenience is provided in terms of schedule searching and management. An input unit(10) inputs a command for viewing schedule according to each group or each person's name on menus of a phone book. A controller(20) controls the inputted command to read corresponding information according to each group or each person's name from a memory(30). A display(40) displays the read information. The controller(20) periodically checks the current time. If the checked time is identical with alarm notification time of schedule corresponding to the information, the controller(20) notifies a user of the schedule by showing a pop-up window on the display(40), or notifies a user of the schedule through an output unit(60).


Carry on the retrieval and the induction to the clinical research of Arctium Lappa L. in recent years for better development of it.


This paper examines Mohammed Arkoun's concept of 'Mind' in Islam. Arkoun distinguishes between the metaphysical mind with its absolute entireties on one side and the historic human mind on the other. He submits the mind to the historic criticism in order to eliminate the holiness and highness associated with it. On the other hand, he encompasses the 'mind' within the human context. Therefore, he no longer considers it as an absolute and abstract entity that lives outside the spatiotemporal limits. Rather, it is related to specific conditions and concerns. It is also relative and hence subject to changeable historic circumstances. In conclusion, Arkoun turns the divine metaphysical concept of mind into a variety of intellectual changeable forms.


This paper investigates issues of museums and virtuality. In considering the diverse ways that museums are approaching virtuality, the focus here is on the common ground and shared objectives, rather than the differences between museums and their virtual re-creations. Put simply, on-site museums and their online counterparts are merely two ways of exhibiting cultures. In this sense, "virtuality" is a fundamental exhibition practice. The World Wide Web has become increasingly relevant to such core museum tasks as collecting, preserving, and exhibiting. Digitization of objects in digital heritage programs has led to new forms of collection management and unparalleled access to virtual replicas of museum artifacts. This transformation is inspiring new forms of preserving and displaying cultures both on- and off-line. A successful digital expansion will largely influence whether museums can sustain their cultural authority and position in the 21st century.


The present invention relates to semiconductor manufacturing equipment having a wafer coordinate to align the recognized coordinates in order to detect that the sensing device proceeds normally and the wafer coordinate detection function to etch the wafer proceeds to the process in the semiconductor manufacturing facilities. Of the present invention to sense the wafer location coordinates from the braid in order to detect the wafer alignment when proceeding the etching process in the semiconductor manufacturing facility transfer without using the orienter chamber robot shorten the process running time for the etching to improve the productivity semiconductor manufacturing equipment having a wafer coordinate detection is located in the center of the system mainframe, and provided with a shelf, feeding the the load lock chamber that is loading a wafer onto the shelves, the loaded wafer to the load lock chamber to the process chamber and transferred to the wafer is in progress process is complete, from the process chamber into the processing chamber, and a transfer robot for transporting the wafer is in progress process is completed from the processing chamber into the load lock chamber is provided, it mounted on the transfer robot and a transfer chamber for sensing the position coordinates of the wafer, the transfected And a processing chamber for the processing of an etching process for a wafer transported by the buffer chamber. Etching apparatus, orienter, the wafer coordinate, wafer position


Mining operations in the Pinpet Fe deposit, which is the second‐largest Fe deposit in Myanmar, are currently suspended, in part because of possible contamination of heavy metals and hazardous elements (e.g., Fe, As, Cu, Zn, and U) into the surrounding aquatic environment and associated public concern. However, a scientific investigation of the source and degree of contamination in streams near the deposit has not yet been conducted. Therefore, we quantified heavy‐metal and hazardous‐element concentrations of stream waters and sediments in stream beds, and measured the speciation and concentration of these metals in deposit Fe ores using the sequential extraction method, to better understand the influence of mining activities on the surrounding environment. Geochemical results for Nan‐tank‐pauk stream and its tributaries indicate that the chemical compositions of their waters are controlled by carbonate bedrock and that no detectable contamination has occurred as a result of mining activity or hematite and limonite ore beneficiation processes in either the wet or dry seasons. All measured heavy‐metal and hazardous‐element concentrations were below the World Health Organization standards for drinking water and the proposed national drinking water quality standards in Myanmar. Bulk chemical compositions of stream‐bed and tailings dam sediments show that As, Zn, and Cu concentrations are similar to those in uncontaminated sediments. Results of bulk mineralogical and chemical analyses of ore samples reveal that some limonite ore samples contain substantial amounts of As (up to 2 wt%). However, sequential extraction results indicate that most (>90%) of the As in these As‐rich ores is hosted in insoluble fractions (e.g., crystalline Fe hydroxides and clays). Therefore, arsenic is unlikely to be released into the aquatic environment by interacting with water during ore beneficiation processes should the mine resume operations.


Studies of predator-prey interactions, and quantification of predation frequencies can be crucial to understanding prey population declines. We present a study of gull Larus spp. predation on Leach's Storm-petrels Hydrobates leucorhous and European Storm petrels H. pelagicus, relative to other prey types. We studied a population of approximately 160 gulls in mixed colonies of Herring Gulls L. argentatus and Lesser Blackbacked Gulls L. fuscus, on Elliðaey Island, Iceland. We dissected 191 pellets and found gulls fed mostly on avian prey, insects and molluscs. We estimate that the total consumption of Leach's Storm-petrels by all gulls in the colonies amounted to approximately two individuals per day, over the course of the study. European Stormpetrels were not preyed upon in high quantity during the study period, with a minimum of one individual depredated within a four-day study period, potentially reflecting the later breeding season of this species. We also provide a correction factor of pellets produced per storm-petrel consumed, which could be used to quantify the number of individual storm-petrels consumed from counts of pellets in future studies.


In the context of discussions on political processes in Latin America, this paper presents a critical analysis about the article «Democracy in Latin America: between populism and deliberative democracy» by O. Guariglia. Reading the work allows us to show the limitations of argumentation. On the one hand because it no confronts a normative position of deliberative democracy against other normative conception would defend populism (in the work of E. Laclau). Furthermore, because the empirical evidence on populism actually existing are few and imprecise. These limits however contribute to the debate because it revived the discussion about what democracy? And open several questions such as: What are normative concepts of democracy in the region? What have been the implications of political processes in Latin America under governments «populist» in the XXI century? Are there real possibilities of democratizing social orders that are crossed resultaby deep inequalities as Latin American? The answers to these questions can be made from different perspectives.


The matrix converter (MC) has been subject of investigation since 1980 and with the constant improvement of power electronics semiconductors along with the microelectronics it is now possible to efficiently and reliably implement such a topology. The MC finds its application wherever bidirectional power flow and controlled voltage and current in AC systems is needed and proves to be superior to its competitors when applied in certain specific environments and circumstances. Wind energy conversion systems (WECS) are a recent growing research topic where MC is found to be promisingly more efficient as power electronic controller. This paper discusses what a MC is, what are the different WECS configurations and the latest published advances and trends in this area of knowledge.


This is a basic textbook in the psychology of religion, originally published in 1985, used at almost all basic courses at university level in Sweden and other Scandinavian countries. The book has been revised four times (1989, 1993, 1999, 2000). New chapters on contemporary spirituality and coping theory have been added.


Chile has seen a considerable increase in the fire risk in the forest-urban interface. Furthermore, there has been a high level of damage resulting from fire propagation in these areas. This is due, among other factors, to prolonged droughts associated with very unfavorable weather conditions, an increase in arson, shortcomings in prevention campaigns and in fire propellant vegetation handling and also due to deficiencies in land management policies. This article describes the main institutions responsible for protecting the country against this problem.


Provided are a device and a method allowing a crystal orientation to be adjusted with adequate throughput and high precision to observe a sample, regardless of the type of the sample or the crystal orientation, even by non-experts. In the present invention, the method comprises: setting a fitting circular pattern (26) displayed overlaid so that a main spot (23) is positioned on the circumference thereof, on the basis of the diffraction spot brightness distribution in an electron diffraction pattern (22b) displayed on a display unit (13); setting a vector (28) displayed with the starting point at the center position (27) of the displayed circular pattern (26), and the end point at the location of the main spot (23) positioned on the circumference of the circular pattern (26); and adjusting the crystal orientation on the basis of the orientation and the magnitude of the displayed vector (28). This allows a crystal orientation to be adjusted with adequate throughput and high precision to observe a sample, regardless of the type of the sample or the crystal orientation, even by a non-expert.


Australian Paper Manufacturers Ltd - Guide to Australian Business RecordsPublished Resources - The Guide to Australian Business Records is a biographical, bibliographical and archival database of Australian business entities with links to related articles and images.


A method of depositing solder paste includes the steps of: superimposing a masking member having a plurality of through-holes and a supporting member on each other so that the supporting member covers the plurality of through-holes; filling cavity portions formed by the plurality of through-holes and the supporting member with solder paste; disposing an LSI chip and the masking member so that electrodes and the cavity portions are superimposed on each other respectively; and heating the solder paste so as to make the solder paste deposit on the electrodes.


Objective To study the X-ray and CT representations of primary malignant lymphoma of bone.Methods X-ray and CT representations of primary malignant lympoma of bone in 27 cases proved by operation and pathology,combined with clinic manifestations,operation and pathology were analysed.Results The tumors located in vertebra were 14 cases(51.9%),in tubular bone were 9 cases(33.3%).The imaging findings included bone destroy in 85.7%,bone sclerosis in 7%;only 4 cases appeared light periosteous reaction;one case appeared multiple focuses.Conclusion When the dissolved bone destruction without periosteous reaction,presented soft tissue mass in vertebras or tubular bone are showed on X-ray films or CT,the possibility of bone lymphoma shonld be considered,but this neoplasm is lack of characteristic imaging features.


Tissue fibrosis and cancer both lead to high morbidity and mortality worldwide; thus, effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Because drug resistance has been widely reported in fibrotic tissue and cancer, developing a strategy to discover novel targets for targeted drug intervention is necessary for the effective treatment of fibrosis and cancer. Although many factors lead to fibrosis and cancer, pathophysiological analysis has demonstrated that tissue fibrosis and cancer share a common process of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is associated with many mediators, including transcription factors (Snail, zinc‐finger E‐box‐binding protein and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), signaling pathways (transforming growth factor‐β1, RAC‐α serine/threonine‐protein kinase, Wnt, nuclear factor‐kappa B, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor, Notch, and RAS), RNA‐binding proteins (ESRP1 and ESRP2) and microRNAs. Therefore, drugs targeting EMT may be a promising therapy against both fibrosis and tumors. A large number of compounds that are synthesized or derived from natural products and their derivatives suppress the EMT by targeting these mediators in fibrosis and cancer. By targeting EMT, these compounds exhibited anticancer effects in multiple cancer types, and some of them also showed antifibrotic effects. Therefore, drugs targeting EMT not only have both antifibrotic and anticancer effects but also exert effective therapeutic effects on multiorgan fibrosis and cancer, which provides effective therapy against fibrosis and cancer. Taken together, the results highlighted in this review provide new concepts for discovering new antifibrotic and antitumor drugs.


Unfavorable wake and separated flow from the hull might cause a dramatic decay of the propeller performance in single-screw propelled vessels such as tankers, bulk carriers and containers. For these types of vessels, special attention has to be paid to the design of the stern region, the occurrence of a good flow towards the propeller and rudder being necessary to avoid separation and unsteady loads on the propeller blades and, thus, to minimize fuel consumption and the risk for cavitation erosion and vibrations. The present work deals with the analysis of the propeller inflow in a single-screw chemical tanker vessel affected by massive flow separation in the stern region. Detailed flow measurements by Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) were performed in the propeller region at model scale, in the Large Circulating Water Channel of CNR-INSEAN. Tests were undertaken with and without propeller in order to investigate its effect on the inflow characteristics and the separation mechanisms. In this regard, the study concerned also a phase locked analysis of the propeller perturbation at different distances upstream of the propulsor. The study shows the effectiveness of the 3 rd order statistical moment (i.e. skewness) for describing the topology of the wake and accurately identifying the portion affected by the detached flow.


Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia caused by a disruption in insulin secretion, insulin function, or both. An individual with diabetes have a greater likelihood to develop chronic non-healing wounds, and if untreated, various chronic complications are associated with psychiatric stress and depression. In diabetic wounds, the inflammatory phase becomes persistent and excessive with impaired cell proliferation and greater risk of infection. Several studies have shown that metformin has potential effect for diabetic wound healing. Here, we reported a case of diabetic wound in East Jangkat, a rural area in Indonesia, with premorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity class II with a deeper discussion about the potential effect of metformin for wound healing in diabetic ulcers.


The purpose of this research was to study the factors affecting soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition such as different temperatures, which represent the common ones in different seasons, available water, and application manure rates, at various periods (2, 4, 8, and 12) months. In order to fulfill this purpose two locations have been selected in Sulaimani Governorate, and then surface soil samples were taken at (0 – 30) cm at two locations {(Kalar (Shirwana castle), and Arbat (Kharajian village)} in Sulaimani area, Iraqi Kurdistan region.


Present methodology of designing washwater gutters does not ensure the essential condition of the critical depth to occur at the gutter tail end. Methodology, models and nomographs have been presented for a rational and scientific design of the gutter dimensions and slope for ensuring the essential conditions for the critical depth, and material economy


Introduction The supplies of lime in the form of hydrated lime are relatively high in Malaysia, making lime an economically viable option for the treatment of tropical soils. However, the acidic nature of tropical soils (pH<7) has raised doubts about the efficiency of soil-lime reactions in a low pH environment (Kassim and Kok, 2004; Kassim et al ., 2005; Eisazadeh, 2010). This research was carried out to assess the changes induced on the mineralogy and morphology of the phosphoric acid treated samples at the particle level. Research Methodology The physicochemical properties of the natural soil are presented in Table 1. The phosphoric acid used throughout the sample preparation was a Merck analysed, 85% H


Pulse-labeled studies of S/sup 35/-incorporation into E. coli RNA have been examined in normal and phage-infected cells. In both cases, S/sup 35/ is incorporated into the sRNA fraction only. Chromatography on columns of MAK however reveals in a significant change in the S/sup 35/-RNA profile after T4 infection. The alteration in S/sup 35/-labeling of sRNA occurs early after viral infection and can be blocked by chloramphenicol if this is present prior to host cell infection. Only the T-even coliphages have been observed to effect these changes. The observed alterations after T4 infection do not appear to be attributable to changes in pre-existing host sRNA molecules. 12 references.


The article discusses the traffic calming advice that the City of Gosnells in Australia provides for its citizens and those visiting. One of the main challenges that the council faces is traffic calming is cost restraint.


7048 Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral arterial occlusive disease and cerebrovascular disease have been observed in pts treated with BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). While uncommon, these events can be serious complications of BCR-ABL TKI therapy. Methods: The cardiovascular (CV) profile of ponatinib (45 mg/day) was evaluated in 449 pts with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) or Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) resistant or intolerant to prior TKIs in the phase 2 PACE trial. At analysis (23 July 2012), median follow-up was 12 (0.1-21) mos. Myocardial ischemic events including myocardial infarction (MI), CAD, and angina were analyzed. Results: Myocardial ischemic serious adverse events (SAEs) (14 MI, 5 CAD, 2 angina) were reported in 21/449 pts (5%). 10 of these 21 pts had active cardiac disease at entry characterized by prior MI (4 pts), coronary revascularization (4 pts), or documented CAD; 5 had MI reported on study. 5/21 pts had other cardiac disease at entry (eg, va...


The article discloses the innovatics term problem in social sphere and interrelationship and notions «innovation activities», «scientific work», «artistic-creative activities», «commercial activities» differentiation, gives the «innovation» notion definition.


January 20 is the feast day of Saint Fabian, a third-century pope who was appointed in a most unusual way. Before 236, he was a simple layperson, leading an utterly obscure life, even by third-century standards. That year, Fabian came to Rome and found himself unexpectedly in the middle of a crowd choosing the successor to Pope An teros, recently deceased. At a dramatic point in the proceedings, according to the chronicler Eusebius, a dove flew down from the ceiling and landed on Fabian's head, in "clear imitation of the descent of the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove upon the Savior." The rest of the story can be divined without too much difficulty: within moments, Fabian found himself nominated, elected, and handed the keys to the papacy. Surprisingly, he made quite a good pope. Was the same invisible hand guiding Congress when in 1933 it switched the date of the presidential inauguration to Saint Fabian's Day? It makes a certain cosmic sense, though one could argue that it made just as much sense to stick with the date on which our presidents were previously inaugurated March 4. Not only was it enshrined in the Constitution (there are only twenty-five amendments to the Constitution, and two of them, the twelfth and twentieth, treat the date of the inaugural); it was also, by a stroke of founding genius, the perfect date for a rousing speech about the future (march forth!) . But since 1937, when the new plan went into effect, we have been held to a tighter schedule, with the result that our quadrennial calendar begins in the short days of late January hardly the best time to sing a song of renewal.


A test site in northern Michigan, located near the ecotone between the boreal forest and northern mixed hardwood and conifer forest was overflown on a seasonal basis by the JPL (P-, L- and C-band) AIRSAR. Externally calibrated imagery obtained in early spring with partial snowcover and prior to foliation of the deciduous species is compared to imagery obtained midsummer for two conditions: (1) within 30 minutes of heavy rainshowers and (2) after two days of drying. Comparisons of calibrated backscatter data show profound differences between forest communities for any given date as well as between dates primarily due to the effects of foliation and precipitation events.


Through the development of a mathematical model, this paper studies the location design of emergency medical centers in a given region under the closest assignment rule. It is assumed that the capability and capacity to treat various categories of treatable medical diseases are provided for each candidate medical center . Once a candidate center is selected, it will receive subsidies from the government to support the offering of medical services at a competitive cost . It is further assumed that the number of patients occurring at each patient group node during a unit time is known along with the categories of their diseases. With the objective of minimiz ing the total subsidies paid, we select from among the candidate emergency medical centers subject to a maximum total budget and minimum desired survival rate constraints. The problem is formulated as an integer program (IP) and the CPLEX version 12.1 solver is used to obtain an optimal solution. A genetic algorithm is developed to obtain good feasible solutions much more quickly than is possible via CPLEX. Simulation studies are conducted to eval uate the performance of the proposed deterministic models in a stochastic context.


Construction and development of cities imposes profound modifications on the environment, such as: destruction of forests, reduction of water infiltration, increase of the pluvial water concentration, pollution, etc. These impacts are more intense and serious in developing countries, because the construction/development is made, normally, without planning and considering the limitations of the environment. Around the cities the problems are more serious because the urban infrastructure is deficient, and this causes the expansion of problems into other areas of the hydrographic basin. The occupation of upstream catchment areas of cities, without adequate planning causes serious problems for the city, such as erosion, siltation, flooding etc. An important factor to be considered is the change in the natural condition of compaction of the soil that, as a consequence, can change infiltration and runoff rates, which may result in more erosion, flooding and siltation. In this paper an efficient, fast and innovative method is presented to evaluate the degree of compaction of soils using a TDR probe connected to a penetrometer for soil assessment. It is known that the resistance to penetration depends on the physical characteristics of the ground, to its state of compaction and its moisture content. This equipment makes it possible to infer realistic values of the degree of compaction of the soil in terms of absolute values of resistance by means of simultaneous measurement of resistance to penetration and moisture content. An example of application of this method in a hydrographic basin located in the southeast region of Brazil is presented in the paper. The results showed that the method is efficient in evaluating the characteristics of current compaction of the soils and it can also be used to verify changes of compaction caused by different activities developed in the same soil. Resume: Le processus de construction et/ou developpement de villes impose des modifications profondes sur l'environnement comme: destruction de forets, reduction des eaux d'infiltration, augmentation de concentration des eaux pluvielles, pollution, etc.Ces impacts sont plus intenses et serieux dans des pays en developpement parce que la construction/developpment sont faits, en general, sans aucun plan ou consideration des limitations de l'environnement. Autour des villes les problemes sont plus serieux parce que l'infrastructure urbaine est deficente, ce que provoque l'expansion des problemes pour les autres areas du bassin hydrographique. L'occupation des areas de captation des eaux des villes sans un plan propre cause des problemes serieux pour la ville, elle meme, comme l'erosion, la siltation, les inondations, parmi d'autres. Un facteur important qui doit etre considere est le changement des conditions de consolidation du sol que, par consequent, peut changer les taxes d'infiltration et de "run-off", ce que resulte en plus d'erosion, inondation et siltation. Dans cette etude est presentee une methode efficace, rapide et innovatrice pour evaluer le degre de compactation des sols a travers l'utilisation d'une sonde TDR connectee a un penetrometre pour sols. Il est connu que la resistence a la penetration depend des caracteristiques physiques du sol, son etat de compactation et son contenu en humidite.Cet equipement permet d'inferer des valeurs realistiques pour le degre de compactation du sol par des valeurs absolues de resistence a travers la mesure simultanee de la resistence a la penetration ainsi que du contenu en humidite. Un exemple de l'application de cette methode dans un bassin hydrographique localise dans la region sud-est du Bresil est presente en cette etude. Les resultats ont montre que la methode est efficace dans l'evaluation des caracteristiques de compactation courrantes des sols et peut aussi etre utilisee pour verifier les modifications de compactation provoquees par des differentes activites developpees sur le meme sol.


This article presents an update on research into how various bridge deck fasteners perform under heavy axle loads when they are used on open-deck bridges. If the proper hardware is used that can stand up to the strains imposed by heavy axle traffic, then maintenance costs and time down for repairs can be reduced. As part of the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST) Heavy-Axle-Load Program, researchers have been evaluating bridge deck fastening systems for several years. Eight variations of systems have been tested on a steel bridge. Small differences in hardware can have significant impacts in how much maintenance a fastening system needs. Among the systems tested in the most recent rounds is the original Conrail bolt hook configuration with both new and worn ties. A two-piece casting movable bridge joint was also tested. HCP-25 spring clips are another system tested at FAST. Results are given


9718 Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a protoncogen that is found overexpressed in colorectal carcinomas (CRC) and it correlates with a worse prognosis. The aim was to describe EGFR overexpression patterns in non-metastatic CRC and to correlate these data with follow-up.

METHODS
We analyzed a series of 56 CRC. Inclusion criteria were: a) resected primary adenocarcinoma; b) curative surgery; c) pT3 N0-2 M0 without progression during the first 6 months post surgery; d) minimum follow-up over 3 years. EGFR overexpression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the Dako PharmaDx kit (Glostrup, Denmark). As positive control the Dako slides and a bloc cell of A431-AAM cells were used. Presence of cytoplasmic and membrane patterns (intensity 1(+), 2(+) and 3(+)) were evaluated as well as the percentage of positive cells.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
association between qualitative variables was analyzed by Fisher's exact test. Disease-free and overall survival distributions were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and were analyzed with the log rank test. All P values are from two-sided statistical tests.

RESULTS
Characteristics of the patients (pts) were as follows: mean age: 68,4 years (range: 28-91); sex: 24 male and 32 female; location: 19 right colon and 37 left colon; follow-up: 44 pts alive without disease (78,5%), 9 died of disease (16,5%) and 3 died of other causes (5%). 10 pts had metastasis in the follow-up. IHC: Forty-two cases were positive (75%) and were classified as follows: 17 with >50% of positive cells (30%), 7 with 25-50% of positive cells (13%) and 18 cases with < 25% of positive cells. Patterns of staining were cytoplasmic predominance in 27 cases (48%) and 15 with membrane predominance (27%): 4 with intensity 1(+), 9 with 2(+) and 2 with 3(+). Only those patients with tumors harboring membrane positivity 2(+) and 3(+) had more probability to present metastasis (p= 0.067).

CONCLUSIONS
EGFR overexpression evaluated as a membrane pattern with 2(+) and 3(+) intensity is related with metastatic development in colon carcinoma. Suported by a grant of C.I.R. Hospital de Sabadell. Consorci Sanitari Parc Taulí. Sabadell. Spain No significant financial relationships to disclose.


The problem investigated in this study is Ekranisasi which consists of shrinking, adding, and varying changes to Risa Sasraswati's Novel Rasuk in Ubay Fox's Rasuk film. The purpose of this study is to describe and solve the problem of extranation of Risa Sasraswati's Novel Rasuk Novel into the Ubay Fox's Rasuk film and its Utilization as Alternative Teaching Materials in Prose Fiction and Drama Subjects in Umrah Indonesian Language and Literature Education. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. To collect research objects, research uses the techniques of reading, watching, and taking notes, and analyzing data. The object of this research is Novel and Film. In this research, there is a conclusion that ekranisasi can be found in Risa Sasraswati's Rasuk Novel into the film of Rasuk by Ubay Fox, which consists of 1) Shrinkage (character, setting, and plot) 2) Addition (character, setting, and plot) 3) Changes vary (character, setting, and flow).


1. The ability to identify and quantify the constituent plant species that make up a mixed-species sample of pollen has important applications in ecology, conservation, and agriculture. Recently, metabarcoding protocols have been developed for pollen that can identify constituent plant species, but there are strong reasons to doubt that metabarcoding can accurately quantify their relative abundances. A PCR-free, shotgun metagenomics approach has greater potential for accurately quantifying species relative abundances, but applying metagenomics to eukaryotes is challenging due to low numbers of reference genomes. 2. We have developed a pipeline, RevMet (Reverse Metagenomics), that allows reliable and semi-quantitative characterization of the species composition of mixed-species eukaryote samples, such as bee-collected pollen, without requiring reference genomes. Instead, reference species are represented only by 'genome skims': low-cost, low-coverage, short-read sequence datasets. The skims are mapped to individual long reads sequenced from mixed-species samples using the MinION, a portable nanopore sequencing device, and each long read is uniquely assigned to a plant species. 3. We genome-skimmed 49 wild UK plant species, validated our pipeline with mock DNA mixtures of known composition, and then applied RevMet to pollen loads collected from wild bees. We demonstrate that RevMet can identify plant species present in mixed-species samples at proportions of DNA ≥1%, with few false positives and false negatives, and reliably differentiate species represented by high versus low amounts of DNA in a sample. 4. The RevMet pipeline could readily be adapted to generate semi-quantitative datasets for a wide range of mixed eukaryote samples, which could include characterising diets, quantifying allergenic pollen from air samples, quantifying soil fauna, and identifying the compositions of algal and diatom communities. Our per-sample costs were £90 per genome skim and £60 per pollen sample, and new versions of sequencers available now will further reduce these costs.


Abstract Due to the legislation of antibiotic usage, natural substances are required for application in the poultry industry. Because of their potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, carotenoids are great sources. Capsanthin, a major carotenoid giving the red color of pepper, is a promising feed additive, as it can reduce chronic inflammation. This study was conducted to determine the effects of capsanthin supplementation at 80 mg kg -1 in feed on the immune response of broiler chickens under Escherichia coli O55:B5 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Ross 308 male broilers were divided into treatments: control (basal diet) and feed-supplemented groups. At 42 d of age, chickens were weighed and then challenged with 1 mg LPS per kilogram of body weight intraperitoneally. Four hours after injection, birds were euthanized, and then spleen and blood samples were collected. Capsanthin supplement at 80 mg kg -1 did not change the growth parameters and the relative spleen weight. LPS immunization resulted in higher splenic interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon- γ (IFN- γ ) mRNA expressions. Capsanthin addition reached lower gene expression levels of IL-6 and IFN- γ compared to the LPS-injected birds. At plasma level, dietary capsanthin resulted in lower IL-1 β and IL-6 levels. These results may indicate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of capsanthin supplementation in broiler chickens.


It is widely recognised that higher education is crucial for socio-economic growth in developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is lagging behind in this regard in spite of a strong expansion of universities in the last decades. However, this growth may have led to a deterioration of the quality of higher education. There is no dearth of recommendations how to improve this situation, but empirical studies about the concrete situation of tertiary education in SSA are largely missing. This study attempts to balance this dearth. A survey was carried out among 500 students of St Augustine University of Tanzania, the largest private institution of higher education in that country. Three topics were investigated: the social background of the students, their present socio-economic situation and the evaluation of the living and study conditions.


The utility model relates to a waste gas treatment device, and particularly relates to a high-temperature forming machine oil smoke waste gas treatment device. The high-temperature forming machine oil smoke waste gas treatment device takes an absorption tower as a main body; the tower body of the absorption tower is divided into a water spray treatment section, a wet type electrostatic falling film absorption section and a defogging section from bottom to top; one side of the tower bottom of the absorption tower is provided with a waste gas inlet, and the other side of the tower bottom is provided with an oil-water separator; a water spray system is arranged at the top of the water spray treatment section, and the water inlet of the water spray system is arranged at the outer side of the tower body; the wet type electrostatic falling film absorption section comprises an electrostatic discharge electrode, a water film generation device and a heat exchanger; the defogging section is positioned on the topmost part of the tower body of the absorption tower, and the defogging section is internally provided with a defogger. The high-temperature forming machine oil smoke waste gas treatment device disclosed by the utility model integrates the advantages of a water spray tower and a falling film absorption tower and overcomes the defect that the traditional falling film absorption tower needs to be frequently cleaned, thereby being operated for a long time without worrying the problem that the surface of an electrode plate is scaled by oil.


This volume contains a state-of-the-art survey of Khitan Small Script studies, accompanied by a critical analysis of two recently discovered and previously unpublished epigraphic documents.


Along with the progress of each basic theories in the picture science, the numerical picture processing technique gets the extensive application in each section of national economy, moreover, it has become study hotspot that is automatic identify in panchromatic aerial image. A kind of MF method to extract airport in aerial image was put forward on analysing template match and characteristic extraction. It brought forward a template match method to resolve that because of the information covering to have great capacity in aviation photograph, the hair stabs ordering more, operating great, and so on. It obtained the better result.


Community forests in Nepal are organized by government foresters, who enroll local forest resource users into Community Forest User Groups (CFUG). These identified users become the 'community' in community forestry. Because these users are defined by their relationship to forest resources, they appear to escape some of the problems associated with myths about community. However, government officials and foreign donors frequently 'black-box' CFUG communities, ascribing them a false homogeneity. In fact, the government's user group formation process reflects and exacerbates existing divisions within communities, leading to user group domination by local elites. The resulting power disparities have apparently mixed effects, limiting the potential for poverty alleviation but allowing, perhaps even enabling, forest conservation.


Abstract Dart drop, Charpy impact and single edge notched bending fracture tests were conducted over a range of temperatures on blends of polycarbonate (PC), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (PSAN), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with two core–shell impact modifiers, which were based, respectively, on polybutadiene and poly(butyl acrylate-co-styrene). The T g values of the two rubbers were −75 and −8°C, respectively. The transition from fully brittle to partially or fully ductile behaviour occurred at various temperatures T BD depending upon a number of factors, which included the T g of the rubber phase, the choice of thermoplastic matrix, and the type of test. In disc specimens subjected to dart drop impact, ductility was observed at lower temperatures than in sharply-notched specimens tested in slow three-point bending. It is concluded that the T g of the rubber phase generally marks a lower limit for ductility in rubbertoughened blends, but that other factors can shift the brittle–ductile transition to higher temperatures.


A stable Agrobacterium -mediated transformation system was established using bialaphos as the selective agent in soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The cotyledonary node explants of the soybean cultivar 'NY-1001' were inoculated with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105, harboring the vector pCAMBIA3301 containing the gus gene as the reporter gene and the bar gene conferring bialaphos resistance. The highest frequency of GUS transient expression (92%) was obtained after inoculation and 4-day co-cultivation with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105. Efficient GUS expression was observed in regenerated shoots from explants after 4-day co-cultivation combined with culturing on shoot induction medium (SIM) without bialaphos for 7 days followed by 4 mg.L -1 bialaphos for 2 weeks. Bialaphos (4 mg.L -1 in SIM; 2 mg.L -1 in shoot elongation medium (SEM)) effectively selected the transformants. The putative transformants and escapes could be exactly distinguished by using a half-leaf GUS assay method to detect GUS expression in the elongated resistant shoots, which resulted in the shortening of culture period for the early detection of transformed shoots. The transformation efficiency of this system was 1.06%. The transgenic plants were verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blotting, and herbicide-resistant responses. All four T 0 transgenic plants were fertile and transmitted the phenotypes of both gus and bar in a 3:1 ratio to their progeny. These results indicate that the established system is suitable for further breeding of herbicide-resistant transgenic cultivars, as well as for functional genomics studies of soybeans.


A total of 850 mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits were employed in the evaluation of the acute and subacute effects of crystalline jack bean urease following single or repeated administrations. The acute ld 50 values in units per kilogram body weight for rats and mice by route of administration were: intraperitoneal (i.p.) 50; intravenous (i.v.) 20–25; and subcutaneous 50–58. The acute i.p. and i.v. ld 50 values for rabbits were 25 and 6 units, respectively. For guinea pigs the i.p. ld 50 was about 35 units. Growth of urease-treated rats and mice was equal to control whereas guinea pigs failed to grow as rapidly as their saline-treated controls. Urease-treated mice and rats had higher titers of serum antiurease than guinea pigs. Ammonia concentrations and urease activity in the gastrointestinal tract plus contents were markedly reduced in rats, mice, and guinea pigs indicating that antiurease entered the gastrointestinal tract and inhibited bacterial urease(s). No histopathological effects were noted. The toxicity was not cumulative and all survivors showed normal behavior.


The study was conducted to examine the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Loan (NPL), Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO), and Third Party Fund (DPK) on Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). The study object is the state-owned Bank Limited Financial Report using the period March 2010 - December 2014. The data analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression. Hypothesis testing using f-statistics and t-statistics. The other hand, classical assumption also performed including normality test, linearity test, multicolinearity test, autocorrelation test and heteroscedasticity test. The result in this study indicate that CAR showed no significant effect on LDR. NPL and DPK have significant negative influence on LDR. While BOPO has significant positive influence on LDR. The predictive ability of  four variables to LDR in this study by 58,2%, while as many as 41,8% are influenced by other factors not included in the research model. Keywords: Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Loan (NPL), Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO), and Third Party Fund (DPK)


Future generation networks will accommodate a large amount of data traffic and lower latency. In order to meet these demands, it is essential to look over current spectral use or introduce new frequency bands. Introduction of new frequency bands requires a partial or complete change of already deployed infrastructure, which will have high operation expenditure and capital expenditure. It is more convenient to find other solutions by concentrating on device-related solutions. One of the solutions to achieve higher spectra efficiency is through device-to-device (D2D) communication. This paper presents and compares recent spectral efficiency techniques in 5G through D2D communication. The main focus is on the utilization of different techniques to improve spectrum efficiency. Furthermore, the challenges in interference management, resource utilization, power control, and mode selection of the proposed work are compared.


Manufacturing process improvement teams often draw upon cross-functional expertise. However, teams dominated by a single or few functions often do not achieve the desired interdisciplinary learning and cooperation, which in turn could negatively affect the performance of that cross-functional team. Through an empirical analysis of 149 manufacturing process improvement teams in six SIC industrial categories, we show that even after controlling for several factors such as team size, number of functions, gender diversity, ethnicity, number of management levels, and geographic dispersion of team members, psychological safety of work environment fully mediates the relationship between functional dominance and team performance. We also confirm that a team leader possessing high interpersonal justice mitigates the deficiency of dominated teams and improves team performance by fostering a psychologically safe work environment. Our recommendation therefore is that when a dominated team is unavoidable due to the needed skill sets or other organizational considerations, to ensure success it is imperative that the firm chooses a team leader who can promote psychological safety by being just, and who can effectively encourage input from all functional team members and give them objective feedback.


In this study researchers evaluate fund specific and comparative risk adjusted performance of open ended equity growth schemes and also assess relative efficiency of select mutual fund schemes. Daily Net Asset Values (NAVs) of 17 funds for a period of eight years are gathered. Data are transformed using Log Normal method. Risk adjusted performance is measured using Sharpe index, comparative analyses are conducted using analysis of variance and t-test. Finally relative efficiency is measured with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The study results report that, of the eight years, sample schemes reported positive risk adjusted returns for four years, and for remaining four years fund returns are negative. Researchers failed to find any difference in the performance among schemes. Furthermore, there is no difference in the performance of small cap and large cap fund schemes. Relative efficiency performance is also not statistically significant.


Long period magnetotelluric data across the southeastern Appalachians image deep crustal and upper mantle relics of ancient orogenic events. Inversions of the responses show : (1) Beneath the Appalachian mountains there is a sub-horizontal conductor at 15-20 km depth which dips to the southeast at the surface trace of the Brevard fault. (2) At the location of the Central Piedmont suture, there is a crustal conductor which dips towards the southeast, interpreted as a structure related to the Acadian suture. (3) Upper mantle conductors were found at 80 km depth northwest of the Blue Ridge and at 140 km depth southeast of the Eastern Piedmont. Between these, there is a northwest-dipping resistive gap, possibly representing the remnant structure of the Alleghanian collision.


There has been very little documentation of the social meaning given to infertility in many developing countries, including Nigeria, where the prevalence of infertility is known to be high. We have conducted a number of qualitative studies aimed at exploring socio-cultural issues associated with infertility in Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria. Twenty-five focus-group discussions were held with knowledgeable persons in the rural and urban parts of the community to ascertain their attitudes towards infertility. The results show that community members accord great significance to child-bearing , but, they have incorrect knowledge of the causes and appropriate treatment of infertility. Focus-group participants mentioned several traditional beliefs regarding the causes of infertility from which they derived a variety of traditional and religious methods for its treatment; many affected couples use these methods of treatment, sometimes singly but most often in combination. Orthodox treatments are less often used because of perceptions of the causes of infertility and lack of confidentiality at the treatment centres. Women are more likely to suffer the social consequences of infertility; they suffer physical and mental abuse, neglect, abandonment, economic deprivation and social ostracism as a result of their infertile status. These findings have profound implications for reproductive health and reproductive rights of women in the area. Measures recommended to ameliorate the adverse consequences of infertility in the community include provision of broad reproductive health education and appropriate services; integration of infertility treatment and prevention into primary health care and the traditional system of health care delivery; and programs aimed at the empowerment of women in the area. * This paper was presented at the International Symposium on Health and Reproductive rights organized by the Centre for Advanced Social Science Health held in Lagos, Nigeria in March 1995. It has also been presented at the 4th World Conference on Women held in Beijing, China; at the International Seminar on Reproductive Health organized by the Social Science and Reproductive Network in Ibadan, Nigeria; and more recently at the 15th World Congress on Fertility and Sterility held in Montpelier, France.


The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of data collection on the poor carried out by TKP2KDes (Village Poverty Reduction Coordination Team) and to identify the factors that contributed to the collection of TKP2KDes poor population in Kebumen District. Identification related to factors that contribute to the research of poor population data collection is based on the framework of public administration. Methodology: descriptive qualitative method is used in analyzing research phenomena. Kebumen District Regulation No. 31 of 2014 concerning Criteria and Procedures for Data collection on the Poor is used as a reference in examining the stages of the implementation of data collection on the TKP2KDes poor population in Kebumen District. The TKP2KDes poverty data in this study contributed to providing a picture of poverty conditions in Kebumen District. The Miles, Huberman, and Saldana models used in data analysis are performed by condensing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The research findings show that the contributing factors related to leadership, budget, program implementation, commitment, and human resources have not been running optimally. TKP2KDes poverty data has not been used as poverty data in developing poverty alleviation programs in the regions and monitoring and evaluation have not been carried out continuously in Kebumen District.
JEL Classification: D73, I28.


Objective To study the changes in expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α(PGC-1α) and sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog)l ( S. cerevisiae) ( SIRT1) in the hippocampal tissues of type 2 diahetes mellitus rats and to discuss its significance. Methods Diabetic models were induced by high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in SD rats. Then the rats were divided into model group and crlipoic acid group randomly. Healthy rats served as controls. All of the rats were tested by Morris water maze after 8 weeks, and then the hippocampus tissues of animals were prepared for TUNEL assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. The expression of PGC-1α mRNA was examined by RT-PCR, and the expression of PGC-1α and SIRT1 protein were examined by Western blotting analysis. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were all examined using corresponding kits. Results Compared with the control group, 8 weeks later the model group had significantly decreased cognitive function (P 0. 05), with evident apoptotic neurons and prominent ultrastructure damage in the hippocampus tissues. Moreover, the model group had significantly lower SOD and GSH activities, PGC-1 α mRNA and protein expression, and SIRT1 protein expression (P0. 01), and significantly higher MDA content (P 0. 01). When compared with the model group, rats in the α-lipoic acid group showed significantly improved cognitive function (P0. 05) and lower levels of neuron apoptosis and ultrastructure damage; and the expressions of PGC-1α mRNA and protein, SIRT1 protein and the activities of SOD and GSH were significantly increased in the α-lipoic acid group (P0. 01), while the content of MDA was significantly declined (P0. 05). Conclusion High glucose condition inhibits the expression of SIRT1,resulting in the dysfunction of PGC-1α, which might be an important factor for diabetes cognitive impairment.


The RFID system is very useful in various fields such as the distribution industry and the management of the material, etc. However, the RFID system suffers from various attacks since it does not have a complete authentication protocol. Therefore, this paper propose the authentication protocol that used key server to resist various attacks including DoS(Denial of Service) attack. For easy implementation, the proposed protocol also uses CRC, RN16 generation function existing in EPCglobal class 1 gen2 protocol.This paper performed security analysis to prove that the proposed protocol is resistant to various attacks. The analytical results showed that the proposed protocol offered a secure RFID system.


A three-dimensional (3D) poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) porous scaffold with microgrooves and microholes on the pore walls was fabricated by using salt particulates as main porogens and sugar fibers as modifiers. Besides macropores templated from salt particulates, microgrooves and microholes were generated after leaching sugar fibers. The resultant porous scaffolds were of high porosity over 90% and still kept good mechanical properties. The microgrooves were globally randomly distributed, but locally anisotropic, resulting in contact guidance of cells, and an appropriate fraction of fibers in fabrication of 3D scaffolds led to a significantly enhanced cell viability; the microholes increased the loading amount of a model protein bovine serum albumin. Two key ideal parameters of this technical strategy, the full coverage amount of sugar fibers on the salt particulates, m c, and the ratio of the surface areas of modified and unmodified scaffolds were defined and derived.


In order to accurately realize the ablation treatment of liver tumors, it is necessary to design a surgical treatment plan for radio frequency ablation (RFA) based on computed tomography (CT) image. Currently, as a popular deep learning method, U-net network is widely used for image segmentation. However, traditional U-net network cannot achieve to segment the liver tumor from the CT images. In order to accomplish the tumor segmentation in CT images and make the design on the RFA treatment, in this paper we propose an improved U-net network. We use two deep convolutional neural networks based on U-net and improve the overall performance of the segmentation network by improving the network model. On the basis of liver tumor segmentation, we finally accomplish the design of RFA for liver tumor removal. Simulation results show that our proposed method can effectively achieve liver tumor segmentation and obtain a good Dice coefficient, thus providing help for the surgical design of RFA for liver tumors.


We present an electrostatic model to determine the surface charge density and confinement potential in etched AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wires. In far-infrared transmission experiments we have determined the resonance frequencies of the dynamic eigenmodes of the quantum wire, which gives an independent determination of the confinement potential. We find good agreement with the modeled potential, which shows that this model gives a very good description of the electronic system.


: The attempts to create a phonetic writing system have had a relatively long history of over 500 years. Various inventors worked on establishing a transcription system that reflects the articulation of a language. Beside the well-known names in this field, there are a few Hungarian scientists who contributed to the development of transcription without, alas, leaving a trace for the international body of knowledge. They created both analphabetic and alphabetic writing systems, but the majority of their inventions remained unknown, unused and ineffectual even in Hungary. Looking at these "phonetic scripts", however, the successors should acknowledge the attempts, thoughts, creativity and results of these people that in a way enrich the history of phonetics. This study introduces these scientists, and places their inventions into a broader context of the history of the transcription of speech.


On the basis of establishing scanning movement equation,Applying the method of space analytic geometry,kill model of the Intelligent Mine attacking to tank top armor is founded.As a result it is provided how to optimize the whole design on MEFP Intelligent Mine.


A method for the determination of synthetic dyes (tartrazine E102, yellow "solar sunset" E110, azorubin E122, ponso 4R E124) in soft drinks using piezoelectric sensors based on the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) is proposed. The values of the imprinting factor and the coefficients of selectivity of the obtained molecularly imprinted polymers of synthetic dyes are compared. The selectivity of the modified sensors to template molecules in the model and binary mixtures of synthetic dyes has been studied. It was shown that a sensor with the molecular imprint is the most sensitive to the dye that was the template for obtaining the selective coating. The additive method showed the absence of the "matrix" influence of the object (dye) on the value of the analytical signal of the sensors based on the polymers with molecular prints. The results of the determination of synthetic dyes by piezoelectric sensors with the standard techniques (spectrophotometry and thin-layer chromatography) were compared; it was shown that the difference in the determination results does not exceed 10%. According to its metrological characteristics, the method for determining synthetic dyes by piezoelectric sensors with MIP is in satisfactory agreement with the method of spectrophotometry. Keywords: synthetic dyes, modified piezosensor, molecularly imprinted polymers, the coefficient of selectivity, the imprinting factor  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2017.21.2.006 S.A. Khalzova, D.A. Krivonosova, *A.N. Zyablov, O.V. Duvanova Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya square, 1, Voronezh, 394018, Russia Federation


The analysis of the correlation between indicators, through multiple regression, completes the information and conclusions drawn through the application of some simple regression models. Supplementary elements achieved by using multiple regression form an additional informational support for decision makers and analysts. This paper describes a correlation between the GDP, private and public consumption, through a multiple regression model. The model explains the influence of the two types of consumption on the evolution of the GDP and allows the make of forecasts.


Textures of outdoor buildings are generally repetitive and locally insufficient. Previous quasi-dense matching methods do not work well on such wide baseline images because the obtained initial seeds are not enough and have matching ambiguity when propagating. This paper proposes an efficient quasi-dense matching algorithm for wide baseline images of building scene, of which MSERDoG(maximally stable extremal regions on difference of Gaussian space) is given to obtain more initial seed matches, and then affine propagation with adaptive supportweight score is used to have better quasi-dense matches. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient and satisfactory.


Based on the nomenclature of Barrow, carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) can be categorized into 4 types (types A–D) (1). Type A CCFs are direct, high-flow lesions connecting the internal carotid artery (ICA) directly to the cavernous sinus. Type A CCFs often result from a single tear in the carotid artery wall, caused either by trauma or aneurysm rupture. These are by far the most common type of CCFs, accounting for approximately 75–80% of CCFs overall. Types B, C, and D CCFs are all indirect, low-flow lesions that arise from meningeal branches of either the ICA or external carotid artery. Type B CCFs arise from meningeal branches of the ICA, type C CCFs arise from meningeal branches of the external carotid artery, and type D CCFs arise from meningeal branches of the ICA or external carotid artery. Posttraumatic CCFs are the most common type, accounting for up to 75% of all CCFs. They have been reported to occur in 0.2% of patients with craniocerebral trauma and in up to 4% of patients who sustain a basilar skull fracture (2). Approximately 80% of patients with CCF have ocular symptoms (3-6). We report 2 rare cases of CCF without ocular symptoms, mainly manifesting as cerebral infarction.


Tulsa, Oklahoma's EBSCO Spring provides custom spring design of compression springs, extension springs, torsion springs, tension springs, coil springs and others including helical, conical, and coil springs. Our springs are made using passivation, shot peening, heat setting, heat treating, and liquid penetrant inspection for national distribution.


Radiation resistance of an antenna in the form of two orthogonally crossed circular loops with quadrature-phased currents in a homogeneous magnetoplasma is studied using a rigorous approach based on an eigenfunction expansion representation of the excited field. The emphasis is on the analysis of the distribution of the radiated power over the spatial spectrum of the waves excited by such an antenna in the resonant part of the whistler frequency range under ionospheric conditions.


In this paper, we describe a novel packaging technology for use in microelectromechanical-system (MEMS) device fabrication and its application to an optical MEMS micromirror array that consists of a mirror chip and an electrode chip that controls the micromirrors. Chip-on-chip technology, which involves the selective deposition of silver paste by screen printing, is used to join the two chips. The experimental results ensure a high production yield and heat cycle test results indicate good reliability.


Many cases of Peutz Jeghers Syndrome presenting as intestinal obstruction with intussusception at various levels were reported in literature. This is a case of a 35 years old male farmer who presented to our hospital with the chief complaints of brown coloured stools since one month, pain in lower abdomen and bleeding per rectum since one week. All the findings of the examination were suggestive of intestinal obstruction. Further confirmation was made by Abdominal sonography, Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography of abdomen and Sigmoidoscopy with colonic polyp biopsy. After going through all the investigations, a clinical diagnosis of multiple intestinal polyposis with ileo-colic intussusception and small bowel obstruction was made. Right hemicolectomy with ileo-colic anastomosis was performed and the specimen was sent for histopathological examination. A final diagnosis of Peutz Jeghers Syndrome was made based on Histopathology. Post surgical prognosis was good and the patient was discharged after 13 days. A regular follow up was recommended.


From their instrumentation, the Program of Education Health and Feeding (Progresa), as the main combat program to the federal government's extreme poverty...


The multidrug transporters breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), multidrug-resistance protein 1 (MDR1), and multidrug-resistance–associated protein (MRP) 2 and 3 eliminate toxic compounds from tissues and the body and affect the pharmacokinetics of many drugs and other potentially toxic compounds. The food-derived carcinogen PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine) is transported by BCRP, MDR1, and MRP2. To investigate the overlapping functions of Bcrp1, Mdr1a/b, and Mrp2 in vivo, we generated Bcrp1;Mdr1a/b;Mrp2−/− mice, which are viable and fertile. These mice, together with Bcrp1;Mrp2;Mrp3−/− mice, were used to study the effects of the multidrug transporters on the pharmacokinetics of PhIP and its metabolites. Thirty minutes after oral or intravenous administration of PhIP (1 mg/kg), the PhIP levels in the small intestine were reduced 4- to 6-fold in Bcrp1;Mdr1a/b;Mrp2−/ − and Bcrp1;Mrp2;Mrp3−/− mice compared with wild-type mice. Fecal excretion of PhIP was reduced 8- to 20-fold in knockouts. Biliary PhIP excretion was reduced 41-fold in Bcrp1;Mdr1a/b;Mrp2−/− mice. Biliary and small intestine levels of PhIP metabolites were reduced in Bcrp1;Mrp2-deficient mice. Furthermore, in both knockout strains, kidney levels and urinary excretion of genotoxic PhIP-metabolites were significantly increased, suggesting that reduced biliary excretion of PhIP and PhIP metabolites leads to increased urinary excretion of these metabolites and increased systemic exposure. Bcrp1 and Mdr1a limited PhIP brain accumulation. In Bcrp1;Mrp2;Mrp3−/−, but not Bcrp1;Mdr1a/b;Mrp−/− mice, the carcinogenic metabolites N2-OH-PhIP (2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine) and PhIP-5-sulfate (a genotoxicity marker) accumulated in liver tissue, indicating that Mrp3 is involved in the sinusoidal secretion of these compounds. We conclude that Bcrp1, Mdr1a/b, Mrp2, and Mrp3 significantly affect tissue disposition and biliary and fecal elimination of PhIP and its carcinogenic metabolites and may affect PhIP-induced carcinogenesis as a result.


In the early days of electron microscopy polystyrene latex particles were used as magnification standards. But in contrast to optical diffraction grating replicas made with carbon or SiO with precise line spacings resistant to electron irradiation, the latex spheres undergo changes, and conflicting reports have created some confusion. We used a highly stabilized electron microscope with controlled unchanging objective current in contamination-free conditions to expose standard Dow latex spheres of 0.399 μm (±0,0060 μm) under defined electron beam conditions. We measured the direct intensity of the electron current impinging on the screen. Removing the object from the beam, it is possible to measure the quantity of electrons absorbed by the latex spheres, expressed in nA/μ2. We used two standard intensities: a low intensity with widespread beam, equivalent to a 2-sec exposure time on Kodak electron image plates, and a higher intensity, obtained by increasing Condenser II current (two coarse plots towards crossover) that gives rise to a brightly illuminated observation screen. This is equivalent to a 1-sec exposure time on the same type of plates. It could be shown that all polystyrene particles uniformly decrease in size. This loss of material manifests itself immediately after the start of irradiation. The decrease follows a hyperbolic curve and reaches values of 14.35% size decrease for low radiation intensity after 15 min. An even greater decrease (namely 16.08% size decrease) was found for medium intensity electron bombardment. Sandwiching the particles with thin carbon film has no protective effect. Particle size has been determined on the photographic plates by measuring the shadow cast by 30° angle platinum shadowing and the shrinking particle itself. Particles "shadowed" with an angle 90° permit us to measure the annular concentric "shadow" once the spheres initiate shrinking.


We set out here to describe the principles and methods underlying an integrated training in extended movement and mobility for visually impaired people and the sighted (and unsighted) who work with them. The training is movement-based and arises out of the dance form known as contact improvisation which was developed by Steve Paxton (a dancer and choreographer) in the early 1970s; the workshop rocess is based on a group dynamics model developed by Anne Kilcoyne (a clinicalpsychologist and performance researcher) in collaboration with Steve Paxton. Contact improvisation originally arose through Paxton's research into the action of the human body as it falls towards gravity and levers away from it. Later this focus was extended to include two bodies moving in constant physical contact. The danceform which emerged has been called an 'art-sport' by those who recognize the influences which gymnastics, eastern martial arts and dance have brought to bear on it. Paxton chose to call it


Stereo matching is one of the most active research areas in intelligent vehicle technology. In order to apply the stereo matching to intelligent vehicles, it must generate high-accuracy three-dimensional information in real time. For real-time stereo matching, this paper proposes a sparse multi-window method which not only gives robustness to noise but also reduces hardware cost with high matching accuracy. This is achieved by reusing the result of overlapped operations between adjacent windows. The experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the hardware complexity of stereo matching processors with higher accuracy compared with the conventional window method.