In the midst of the government's important agenda in building the nation's character, a number of facts still show a bad and serious phenomenon among students. This study aims to explore and analyze the values in every aspect of PAI material in the competence domain and the relevance of its role to build the character of elementary school students (SD). This study chose an exploratory qualitative approach by the design of the inductive content analysis of the directed type and confirmed by the theory of character strength of the Appendix to Permendikbud 67/2013 on KD and the Curriculum Structure of SD/MI. The results of the study found that PAI in elementary schools the aspects of PAI material and the domain of competence were related and contributed to building students' character strengths, which include: First, attitudes of love, confidence, obedience, and gratitude. Second, a literate character towards the material aspects of PAI (al-Quran, Hadith, Aqidah/Creed, Ibadah/Worship, Akhlaq/Morals, and Tarikh/Islamic History). Third, attitudes and behavior; academic skills, helping others, caring about cleanliness and pro-environment, sincere and patient, generous, trustworthy and unyielding, communicative, polite, and respectful. Elementary school has a strategic position and role, and recommends that PAI teachers pay attention to the transmission portion and age construct of students in building character so that they can choose the right learning model and strategy.


This research aims at studying the discretization based on Chi2 algorithm and visualize technique for association rule mining. Numeric attributes with large distinct values normally do not appear in the association rules. We thus study the discretization method for numeric attributes with the integrated Chi2 algorithm and visualize technique to handle numeric attributes prior to the association analysis phase. We comparatively experiment with our proposed method against existing techniques. The comparative metrics are accuracy and number of rules.


Using ($2+1$)-flavor lattice QCD, we compute the 10 form factors describing the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ matrix elements of the $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s$ vector, axial vector, and tensor currents. The calculation is based on gauge field ensembles generated by the RBC and UKQCD Collaborations with a domain-wall action for the $u$, $d$, and $s$ quarks and the Iwasaki gauge action. The $b$ quark is implemented using an anisotropic clover action, tuned nonperturbatively to the physical point, and the currents are renormalized with a mostly nonperturbative method. We perform simultaneous chiral, continuum, and kinematic extrapolations of the form factors through modified $z$ expansions. Using our form factor results, we obtain precise predictions for the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}(\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{p}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}){\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ differential branching fraction and angular observables in the Standard Model.


The amount, size and structure of M/A in ultra low carbon bainitic steels,which are mainly affect by the transformation process, the cooling rate and the tempering treatments, have been investigated. The different cooling rate induce the variation of distribution of amount and size of M/A. There are bigger M/A mass with harder phase at low cooling rate while smaller M/A with less hard phase at high cooling rate. A series tempering tests have been carried out, which indicating that the tempering treatment has significant effect on the evolution of M/A.


Abstract:This article examines the affective relationship between currency and human interiority in Im Sang-soo's films about wealth, The Housemaid (2010) and The Taste of Money (2012). Drawing on feminist critiques of Bourdieu's model of capital as well as emotional capital, it argues that these films give value to emotions and affects in convertible terms. In the process, they complicate questions of motherhood and matriarchal desire in Korean cinema, which were previously defined by familial notions of patriarchy, not in economic terms. By interiorizing the corporate chaebol structure in domestic settings, the films reimagine emotional capital as integrally related to other forms of capital.


In this study, a flight fault-tolerant control scheme based on an adaptive sliding mode technique is proposed. First, a control allocation of a near-space vehicle (NSV) attitude dynamics is analysed, and actuator fault modelling is introduced. Then, a modified sliding model tracking control approach, using a continuous strategy of integral sliding mode control, is designed to improve the position tracking precision. This scheme can solve the chattering problem without loss of robustness and control accuracy. Actuator fault and unmeasurable external disturbances are compensated for by an integral action term. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, a numerical simulation is performed for an NSV attitude system, which is a non-linear aircraft model with six degrees of freedom. Simulation results demonstrate that the closed-loop system has good performance in spite of the actuator fault and system disturbances.


Abstract The practice of case management, together with the priorities of case managers and consumers of case management services, has not been fully evaluated. This paper describes a methodology, based on quality assurance standards, used for the evaluation of clinical case management in a remote mental health service in Australia. A randomly selected group of 25 consumers with schizophrenia or major affective disorder and their six case managers completed questionnaires about the outcome and priorities of 13 components of clinical case management. There was general agreement between consumers and case managers about which components of clinical case management had been delivered. Engagement, Assessment and Planning were seen by both groups as the most important components. Consumers rated Psycho-education more importantly than their case managers. Case management components have previously been identified and can be utilised as a form of clinical outcome measure. This methodology appears valid and merit...


Writing in the February newsletter of the Drug, Device and Biotech Committee, Steven Glickstein and Daniel Javitch of Kaye, Scholer, Fierman, Hays & Handler, New York, discuss the U.S. Supreme Court's latest pronouncement on scientific evidence: The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in General Electric Co. v. Joiner, 118 S.Ct. 512 (1997), was much anticipated by members of the defense bar. Although the Court granted certiorari on a very narrow legal issue-the standard of appellate review to be applied to trial court decisions admitting or excluding expert testimony under Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993)-defense counsel hoped that the Court would take the opportunity to amplify Daubert's command that trial court judges act as "gatekeepers" to exclude unreliable or irrelevant expert testimony. It's a blockbuster Joiner is a blockbuster in several respects. First, the Court confirmed that decisions to exclude expert testimony under Daubert are subject to reversal only for abuse of discretion. This aspect of Joiner may turn out to be a mixed blessing because the deferential standard of review also will make it more difficult to reverse trial court rulings that admit questionable scientific evidence. Far more important than the standard of appellate review, however, is the manner in which the Court addressed the specific scientific studies on which Joiners' experts relied. As occurs in many drug and medical device cases, they attempted to support their theory of disease causation by extrapolating from animal studies, that examined substances that were different from the one at issue in the lawsuit, and by relying on studies that lacked statistical significance. Joiner holds that even when an expert relies on a properly conducted scientific study, a trial court may exclude the testimony if the expert tries to draw conclusions from the study which extend beyond what the study itself concludes. Equally important, the Supreme Court confirmed that inadmissible studies have no cumulative weight. If individually the studies cannot be admitted, then in combination they also cannot be admitted. These rulings on the substance of when expert testimony should be excluded are far more useful to the defense bar than the Court's narrow holding on the standard of appellate review. District court decision The underlying claim in Joiner was that the plaintiff's on-the-job exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)-and their derivatives: furans and dioxins-had contributed to his developing lung cancer. The defendants moved for summary judgment on the ground that there was no scientific basis to conclude that PCBs, furans or dioxins contributed to Joiner's lung cancer. Joiner responded by offering the testimony of two causation experts, who identified two animal studies and four epidemiological studies in support of their opinion that there was a correlation between PCBs and lung cancer. Although Joiner's experts also relied on reports from the World Health Organization, which contained other studies addressing the question of whether PCBs cause cancer, neither the district court's nor Supreme Court's opinions discussed these reports. Justice Stevens's dissenting opinion criticized the failure to consider the WHO reports. District Judge Orinda D. Evans separately examined each of these six studies and found that none of them demonstrated causation. 864 F.Supp.1310 (N.D. Ga. 1994. With respect to the two animal studies, Judge Evans found that there was no basis to extrapolate from the cited animal studies to Joiner's experience. With respect to the epidemiological studies, Judge Evans made four findings: * The plaintiffs could not rely on a study showing that lung cancer deaths among a group of factory workers were higher than expected, because the study's authors found "no grounds for associating lung cancer deaths" and "exposure in the plant. …


Using the insights of neo-Gricean pragmatics, this paper analyzes the phrase four or five, with the meaning "a few," in the Mishnah and the Tosefta. The different usages of the phrase in the two corpora support the view that the Mishnah is a more carefully crafted corpus, and more self-consciously directed toward application, than the Tosefta.


A commercially available system is employed to detect and count acoustic emissions emanating from the aqueous stress corrosion crack propagation in 4340 steel. Standard ASTM E 399 compact tension specimens with short notches, a/W=0.25 versus 0.50 standard, are prepared in four tempering temperatures: 204, 316, 427, and 538°C (400, 600, 800, and 1000°F). Crack length is monitored with a notch opening clip gage. Comparisons show the time rate of emission events to increase with stress intensity in rough correspondence to, but much more rapidly than, the crack velocity. Tempering back tends to suppress the count rate as a warning of fast fracture instability. Some similarity is observed between the areal rate of acoustic emission and factors which influence degree and intensity of plastic flow instability in the fracture process zone.


Objectives. The problem of constructing a new structure of paths of physically unclonable function of the arbiter type (APUF) on the FPGA is being solved, based on the full use of internal resources of LUT-blocks, which are functionally repeaters. The relevance of the study is associated with the rapid development of physical cryptography tools. Another goal is the developing a methodology for eliminating the asymmetry of the APUF paths associated with the peculiarity of the synthesis of such circuits on the FPGA.Methods. The methods of synthesis of digital devices, their parametric modeling and implementation on rapid prototyping boards are used. A ring oscillator circuit is used to measure the internal propagation delays of signals through the APUF paths.Results. A new structure of the basic element of APUF paths with the use of two functional repeaters is proposed. The necessity of balancing the delays of APUF paths is demonstrated. A technique has been developed to eliminate the asymmetry of signal propagation through APUF paths based on controlled delay lines. The disadvantages of classical approaches as an APUF arbitrator and the need for their modification are shown.Conclusion. The proposed approach to build APUF paths has shown its viability and promise. An improvement in the characteristics of APUF constructed according to the proposed method, as well as a reduction in hardware costs during their implementation compared to classical APUF schemes, is experimentally confirmed. It seems promising to develop the described methodology for constructing the APUF to improve the structure of the arbiter.


The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) based composites, containing SEBS blended with a paraffinic hydrocarbon extender oil, copolymer polypropylene (PP), and aluminium hydroxide (ATH) or silane coupling agent surface-treated aluminium hydroxide (m-ATH) were investigated. A maleic anhydride-grafted SEBS (MA-SEBS) was used as a polymer modifier for some composites. As the amount of ATH or m-ATH increased the flame-retardancy of the composites improved, while the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased. When the oil-filled SEBS (O-SEBS) was partially replaced by MA-SEBS, the tensile strength of the composites increased, and elongation at break decreased. Furthermore, replacing O-SEBS with MA-SEBS and treating ATH with silane coupling agent (simultaneously) improved the tensile strength of the composites by a significant margin. The phase structure of the composites was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and this revealed that particle-matrix interfacial bonding was improved through the addition of MA-SEBS. The stability of the composites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).


1. Haenggi M, Blum S, Brechbuehl R, Brunello A, Jakob SM, Takala J. Effect of sedation level on the prevalence of delirium when assessed with CAM-ICU and ICDSC. Intensive Care Med 2013;39:2171-9. 2. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013. 3. Ely EW, Shintani A, Truman B, et al. Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. JAMA 2004;291:1753-62.


The author has investigated which of the removing actions are better flowing-out and the steeping methods for the yolk of greasy wool, from the results reported in Parts 2 and 3. It was found that the flowing-out method was excellent for every solvent. In the fourteen kinds of solvent used for experiment, methylene chloride was found the best solvent and the next carbon tetrachloride for removing the yolk. Kerosene was unexpectedly excellent too. Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, anon and ethyl ether were extremely inferior.The author has also made the experimental measurements concerning the fatigue property of liquor that was accompanied by repetition of degreasing treatment for the eight kinds of typical solvent. The fatigue property of each solvent was very remarkable in the case of the flowing-out method, but one was comparatively little in the case of the steeping method.


We introduce the heap-on-top (hot) priority queue data structure that combines the multi-level bucket data structure of Denardo and Fox 9] and a heap. We use the new data structure to obtain an O(m+n(log C) 1 3 +) expected time implementation of Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm 11], improving the previous bounds.


Anode efficiency of Aluminum electrolysis increases fluoride gas discharge.This paper introduces the methods to decrease anode efficiency factor to get the purpose of saving energy in consideration of controlling intelligence fuzzy system,optimazing process parameters and improving material supply methods of 240 kA pre-baked anode cell.


The problem solved in the research is to increase the efficiency of decision making in the tasks of professional training of pilots while ensuring the specified reliability, regardless of the hierarchy of the system of evaluation indicators. The object of the research is the professional training system for civil aviation pilots. The subject of the research is the process of assessing the qualities of civil aviation pilots using fuzzy cognitive maps. The hypothesis of the research is to increase the number of indicators for assessing the quality of training of civil aviation pilots with restrictions on the efficiency and reliability of decision making. A method has been developed for assessing the preparedness of aviation personnel involved in ensuring flight safety.
The method consists of the following sequence of actions:
– input of initial data;
– standardization of numerical values of concepts of a fuzzy cognitive model of preparedness of aviation personnel involved in ensuring flight safety;
– transition of numerical values of concepts of a fuzzy cognitive model of preparedness of aviation personnel involved in ensuring flight safety;
– building a fuzzy cognitive model;
– determination of quantitative estimates (ranks) of the importance of model elements;
– calculation of importance indices of model elements.
Based on the results of the analysis of the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is clear that the proposed assessment method increases the accuracy of the assessment of aviation personnel involved in ensuring flight safety by 23 % compared to the known ones. It is advisable to use the developed method in decision making support systems for assessing the quality of professional training of aviation personnel in order to increase the efficiency and reliability of decisions made.


In recent years a great deal of attention was given to the Hamamatsu Position Sensitive PMTs, due to their suitability for building compact and high resolution gamma cameras. In this framework a great number of solution was proposed for the readout, that vary from the analog readout made with a resistive chain, in some cases including a hardware threshold, to fully digital readouts that read each of the PSPMT anodes individually. In order to obtain the best performance from the PSPMT, a readout that reads each channel individually must be chosen, but a great care must be also taken in designing and tuning the calculation of the point in which the gamma photon has actually interacted with the crystal. This paper describes a 5 cm by 5 cm, gamma camera, based on the Hamamatsu H8500 PSPMT and a continuous La Br3: Ce crystal, that makes the readout of each channel individually, up to a sampling frequency of 250 K Sample/sec, and uses a new algorithm, based on mean square estimation, to reconstruct the parameters of the light distribution produced by the interaction with the gamma photon. The system has many advantages: it does not suffer from reduction of the useful field of view of the detector, that is observed in the center of gravity based approach due to the truncation of the light distribution, determined by the limited dimension of the scintillating crystal. This characteristic allows the full exploiting of the detector surface (at the price of a slight lowering of the resolution a the very borders of the crystal); moreover it is easy to compensate for the gain variations in the PSPMT anodes and in the analog front-ends, avoiding spatial distortion of the gamma image; finally, for very high rate sources, the algorithm is inherently able to discriminate for double hits.


Indonesia as a country of law and has set the rules for divorce in Law No. 1 of 1974 and in KHI (Compilation of Islamic Law). That should any couple seeking divorce refers to the existing rules. But, aside from the Law No. 1 In 1975 and KHI was no other rules are followed and adhered to by the Islamic community who wants a divorce, the classical Islamic law or jurisprudence, which in principle of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh classic) did not arrange a divorce as it exists in the Act and KHI. Kata kunci: Hukum,  perceraian, UU, Fiqh.


In this paper,statistical methods are applied to analyze the survey data of 3G service's potential customers in three cities of Guangdong province:Guangzhou,Shenzhen,and Zhongshan.The objective is to understand the potential customers' usage of current mobile phones and their expectation of 3G service so that to provide telecom companies and policy decision makers useful suggestions.


In this paper we discuss how the injector specifications of a 2nd‐generation plasma beat wave accelerator (PBWA) experiment can be achieved by a photo‐injector. Typical required bunch lengths (FWHM) are 50 microns with 15 pC bunch charge. We analyze the possibility of generating such short electron bunches directly from a photoinjector by illuminating a photocathode in an RF electron gun with a phase‐locked 160‐fs laser pulse. In particular, we address all de‐bunching effects taking place during acceleration and transport through the photo‐injector. We provide a set of analytical scaling laws, as well as a comparison with detailed simulations of the beam dynamics. The possible performances of the present SATURNUS linac setup are presented, as well as the anticipated capabilities of a multi‐cell RF gun structure based on the PWT linac presently in operation at UCLA.


PKS 1413+135 is one of the most peculiar blazars known. Its strange properties led to the hypothesis almost four decades ago that it is gravitationally lensed by a mass concentration associated with an intervening galaxy. It exhibits symmetric achromatic variability, a rare form of variability that has been attributed to gravitational milli-lensing. It has been classified as a BL Lac object, and is one of the rare objects in this class with a visible counterjet. BL Lac objects have jet axes aligned close to the line of sight. It has also been classified as a compact symmetric object—objects that have jet axes not aligned close to the line of sight. Intensive efforts to understand this blazar have hitherto failed to resolve even the questions of the orientation of the relativistic jet and the host galaxy. Answering these two questions is important because they challenge our understanding of jets in active galactic nuclei and the classification schemes we use to describe them. We show that the jet axis is aligned close to the line of sight and PKS 1413+135 is almost certainly not located in the apparent host galaxy, but is a background object in the redshift range 0.247 < z < 0.5. The intervening spiral galaxy at z = 0.247 provides a natural host for the putative lens responsible for symmetric achromatic variability and is shown to be a Seyfert 2 galaxy. We also show that, as for the radio emission, a "multizone" model is needed to account for the high-energy emission.


Drop‐in biofuels have been defined as functionally equivalent to petroleum‐based transportation fuels and are fully compatible with the existing petroleum infrastructure. They will be essential in sectors such as aviation if we are to achieve emission reduction and climate mitigation goals. Currently, 'conventional' drop‐in biofuels, which are primarily based on upgrading of lipids / oleochemicals, are the only significant source of commercial volumes of drop‐in biofuels. However, the necessary increased, future volumes will likely come from 'advanced' drop‐in biofuels based on biomass feedstocks such as forest and agriculture residues. Biocrudes / bio‐oils produced from lignocellulosic feedstocks using thermochemical technologies such as gasification, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction need to be further upgraded to drop‐in biofuels. However, advanced drop‐in biofuels have been slow to reach commercial maturity due to significant technical challenges, high capital costs, and the challenge of generally lower oil prices. It is likely that the co‐processing of drop‐in biofuels with conventional petroleum refining could considerably reduce capital costs. Initially, co‐processing is likely to be established through the upgrading of conventional / oleochemical feedstocks (lipids). Lipids are readily available in large volumes (global production in 2017 was ~185 million metric tonnes) and can be more easily integrated into oil‐refinery processes. In contrast, lignocellulose‐derived biocrudes / bio‐oils are not yet available in significant volumes and are more complex to co‐process in a refinery. The likely strategies for co‐processing of oleochemicals (lipids) and bio‐oil and biocrude feedstocks based on different insertion points within the refinery infrastructure are discussed. © 2019 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The heat capacity of thorium monosulfide was determined between 1 and 22°K by an isoperibol method and between 8 and 350°K by an adiabatic method. Below 4.2°K the heat capacity is represented by CP = 3.70 × 10−3T + 3.98 × 10−4T3J °K−1·mole−1, where the first term is the conduction‐electron contribution and the second term the lattice contribution to the heat capacity. Values for the thermodynamic quantities CP°, S°, (H° − H0°) / T, and (G° − H0°) / T at 298.15°K are 47.72 ± 0.24, 69.81 ± 0.35, 32.60 ± 0.16, and − 37.21 ± 0.19 J°K−1·mole−1, respectively. The entropy of formation at 298.15°K is − 15.46 ± 0.47 J°K−1·mole−1, and an estimated value for the Gibbs energy of formation at 298.15°K is − 430 kJ mole−1. The magnetic entropy of uranium monosulfide associated with the ferromagnetic transition at 180.1°K was previously estimated as 6.8 J°K−1·mole−1 but has been re‐evaluated as 8.8 ± 0.4 J°K−1·mole−1. The re‐evaluation was based upon a new estimate of the lattice heat capacity of uranium monosulfide from...


The general engineering situation,engineering condition,construction standard and waterway's general arrangement of Zhaojiagou waterway regulation engineering,i.e.the trunk inland waterway of Shanghai City,together with the research and design characteristics,technical innovation and experience of the waterway and shiplock engineering are expounded systematically.


(51) Int. Cl. A6IC 7700 (2006.01) G06F 7/50 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. CPC .............. A61C 7/002 (2013.01); G06F 17/50 (2013.01) (57) ABSTRACT A system includes a plurality of tooth models each including computer code controlling its movement. The system also includes a tooth movement control system (TMCS) with a processor executing a dental manager module and with memory scoring a different tooth movement plan for each of the tooth models. In practice, the tooth movement plans are stored in the memory of each of the tooth models (e.g., a different tooth movement plan for each tooth model). Then, during tooth movement operation, each of the local control modules independently controls the tooth model to execute the tooth movement plan stored in the memory of the tooth 7, 2015. model.


This paper carry out an analysis of the Declaration of Alma Ata that was adopted at the International Conference on Primary Health Care in the former capital of Kazakhstan in September 1978. The chosen focus for this study concerns the utopical dimension of the theses of primary health care and it performs a brief assessment of the course taken by the original proposal. As a critical standpoint, it is used the satirical movie 'Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan', especially by means of the idea of "atopy", suggested by the biopolitical immune aspects of the adventures of the forementionjed character – a fake reporter from Kazakhstan that travels to work in the United States of America.


In the Province, the emergence of new forms of socialpolitical environmental governance4 reflects social processes where "new patterns of interaction between government and the rest of society can be observed."5 In the Calgary Metropolitan Area (the Region),6 a socialspatial region of approximately 17,000 km2 in southern Alberta, the Calgary Regional Partnership (CRP); the Bow River Basin Council (BRBC); and the Calgary Region Airshed Zone (CRAZ) are examples of emergent regional-scale voluntary multi-actor7 environmental governance networks.8


The hiranori rhythm, unique for the noh drama, combines the
asymetrical (7–5) syllabic metre of the Japanese poetry with a
symetrical 8-beat rhythm of the noh melodic singing (fushi).
The study discloses its resemblance with the Greek quantitative
metre of hexameter and seeks to explain the presence of
quantitative prosody, otherwise atypical for Japan, through
tracing back the origin of the hiranori rhythm on the Japanese
soil and in the Buddhist chanting practice which, the study
hypothesizes, might show a historical link with the Hellenistic
cultures of Central Asia and their Greek heritage.


This paper presents a heuristic algorithm for solving a jobshop scheduling problem with sequence dependent setup times (SDST-JSSP). This strategy, known as Iterative Flattening Search (IFS), iteratively applies two steps: (1) a relaxation-step, in which a subset of scheduling decisions are randomly retracted from the current solution; and (2) a solving-step, in which a new solution is incrementally recomputed from this partial schedule. The algorithm relies on a core constraint-based search procedure, which generates consistent orderings of activities that require the same resource by incrementally imposing precedence constraints on a temporally feasible solution. Key to the effectiveness of the search procedure is a conflict sampling method biased toward selection of the most critical conflicts. The efficacy of the overall heuristic optimization algorithm is demonstrated empirically on a set of well known SDST-JSSP benchmarks.


In situ missions have shown that cometary dust particles have low densities and are easily fragmenting aggregates [1]. The linear polarization of the solar light scattered by cometary dust corresponds to bell-shaped (with a small negative branch and a maximum below 30%) phase curves with a quasi-linear increase with the wavelength between 30° and 50° phase angle [2]. Such physical properties of the cometary material are reconciled by a fractal model of cometary dust and comet nuclei as formed by aggregation in reduced gravity as studied by laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Reduced gravity light scattering experiments: The CODAG-LSU experiment (1999) gave the first indication of the light scattering properties transition between single particles and low dimensions fractal aggregates (D 1.3) [3, 4]. Such studies will be pursued on board the ISS with the ICAPS precursor experiment. The PROGRA2 experiment is designed to study the light scattering properties of particles levitated during dedicated microgravity flights or with ground-based configurations [5]. The material properties are chosen so as to be relevant in the context of cosmic dust from cometary and asteroidal origins. It is especially useful to disentangle the effects of varying albedos of constitutive materials [6], shape and size of constitutive grains [7]. Some of the results are interpreted in terms of fractal aggregates growth. Light scattering numerical simulations Based on numerical simulations and in coherence with the experimental results, a model of cometary coma by a mixture of fractal aggregates of up to 256 sub-micron sized spheroidal grains and compact spheroidal particles is shown to reproduce the polarimetric observations of comets such as 1P/Halley or C/1995 O1 Hale-Bopp [8]. Physical parameters of the size distribution of particles (minimum and maximum size, shape of the size distribution and quantity and location of absorbing and non-absorbing particles) can be retrieved to determine cometary dust properties useful to interpret observations and to prepare on-going missions. Cometary primordial aggregation Recent in situ studies have unveiled surface features hinting at a pervasive internal layered structure on 9P/Tempel 1 [9]. Assuming reduced gravity aggregation of cometesimals and taking into account sintering processes, quantitative internal properties of the nucleus can be obtained [10]. At large dissipation of the kinetic energy during impact, possible fractal structure disappears and is replaced by a density, cohesive strength and porosity layering of the material. The cohesive strength of the nuclei obtained (i104 N.m-2 ) compares well with values deduced from disruption events observations and laboratory impact experiments. During an impact, if the ejected material is lost, the internal structure of the nucleus can be erased. This suggests that either the structures observed are not primordial (e.g. cryovolcanism resurfacing [11]) or that secondary mechanisms, such as the re-accretion of fragments after destructive collision, have occurred during the accretion process [12]. Support from LPI, LATMOS/IPSL, CNES for PROGRA2 and CNES and ESA for the micro-gravity flights are acknowledged. [1] Levasseur-Regourd et al, PSS 2009 [2] Levasseur-Regourd and Hadamcik, JQSRT 2003; [3] Levasseur-Regourd et al., ESA-SP 2001; [4] Blum et al., ASR 2002; [5] Renard et al., AO 2002; [6] Hadamcik et al., JQSRT 2006; [7] Hadamcik et al., JQSRT 2007; [8] Lasue et al., Icarus (2009a) ; [9] Thomas et al., Icarus 2007 ; [10] Lasue et al., Icarus (2009b) ; [11] Belton et al., Icarus (2008); [12] Blum and Wurm, Annu. Rev. Astro. Astrophys. (2008)


The invention belongs to the preparation of seasoning sauce, and particularly relates to a method for producing flammulina velutiper foot mushroom sauce, which comprises the following steps of: drying flammulina velutiper foot mushrooms, adding water for immersing and swelling, preparing a premix of the foot mushrooms, adding seasonings for stir-frying, filling, fertilizing and the like. By the method, the technical defects that the flammulina velutiper foot mushrooms which serve as industrial wastes are greatly wasted, deep processing products of the foot mushrooms do not occur and the like in the prior art are overcome. Therefore, the method has the advantages that the blank of products at home and abroad is filled, the requirement of pollution-free production is met, the content of amino acid and unsaturated fatty acid in the products is high, the products are safe and non-toxic, and the like.


A superexchange mechanism between Eu${}^{2+}$ 4$f$ spins via the 3$d$ states of nonmagnetic Ti${}^{4+}$ ions is proposed through first-principles calculations based on a hybrid Hartree-Fock density functional approach to explain $G$-type antiferromagnetism in EuTiO${}_{3}$. This mechanism is supported by systematic calculations for related Eu${}^{2+}$-based perovskite oxides. In EuTiO${}_{3}$, the competition between the antiferromagnetic superexchange and an indirect ferromagnetic exchange via the Eu 5$d$ states leads to a delicate balance between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic phases. The superexchange mechanism involving the Ti 3$d$ states hints at the microscopic origin of the strong spin-lattice coupling in EuTiO${}_{3}$.


Recent progress in molecular biology has enabled us to better understand the molecular mechanism underlying pathogenesis of human malignancy including lung cancer, the advent of therapies based on mechanisms that target critical molecular pathways of tumors has evoked considerable interest. The therapeutic index is high, and optimally effective treatment can be achieved at a dose below the maximal tolerated dose,giving us a better understanding of the human lung cancer. This review focuses on the advance of targeted therapy for the first-line, second-line treatment or the maintenance treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Key words:
Carcinoma,non-small cell lung; Targeted therapy


Author(s): Buchli, Dorothy | Advisor(s): Bjork, Robert A; Bjork, Elizabeth L | Abstract: Most laypersons assume that remembering and forgetting occur along a single continuum. That is, to remember is to avoid forgetting. To the contrary however, over 20 years of research suggests that forgetting can actually be incredibly adaptive, and indeed quite essential for the efficient functioning of the memory system. Forgetting serves as an updating mechanism, allowing for the successful retrieval of current information that is relevant, at the expense of irrelevant or outdated information. One very illustrative example of such adaptive forgetting is a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting (Anderson, Bjork, a Bjork, 1994). While information that is retrieved is strengthened in memory and thus becomes more recallable than it would have been otherwise, related items in competition with that which is retrieved become less recallable. This decrement in recall for related, competing information is referred to as retrieval-induced forgetting. Investigations of retrieval-induced forgetting typically employ a standard retrieval-practice paradigm that consists of three phases. During the initial learning a phase, a series of category-exemplar pairs, drawn from a number of different categories, are presented to the participant for study (e.g., fruit: orange, drinks: whiskey, trees: elm). Subsequently, during the retrieval-practice phase, a subset of the pairs are retrieved in response to category-plus-two-letter-stem cues (e.g., fruit:or, drinks: wh). After a brief distractor task, participants are prompted to retrieve all of the initially presented pairs in response to category-plus-one-letter stem cues (e.g., fruit; o, drinks:w). This retrieval-practice paradigm creates three types of items: Rp+ items that were retrieved during the retrieval-practice phase (e.g., fruit: orange), related Rp- items that share the same category cue but were not retrieved during retrieval-practice (e.g., fruit: apple), and baseline or Nrp items from nonpracticed categories that did not receive retrieval-practice (e.g., trees: elm). Not surprisingly, Rp+ items that were given retrieval practice after study are recalled better than related Rp- items from the same categories that were not practiced. Interestingly however, relative to nonpracticed items from nonpracticed categories, (i.e. Nrp items), Rp- items are impaired. Said differently, on average, participants recall fewer Rp- items than Nrp items. This decrement in recall for Rp- items relative to Nrp items is referred to as retrieval-induced forgetting.Such retrieval-induced forgetting is assumed by many to reflect inhibitory mechanisms recruited during retrieval of target items to decrease the accessibility of related, nontarget items. In Chapter 1, I will briefly review the literature on retrieval-induced forgetting. Recently however, Jonker, MacLeod, and Seli (2013) proposed an alternate account that emphasized the role of context in producing retrieval-induced forgetting. In this framework, the study and retrieval-practice phases are represented as two disparate contexts. While the study context includes all of the studied items – that is, the Rp+, Rp-, and Nrp items – the practice context only contains the Rp+ items. Critically, while the Nrp or baseline items are only present in the study context, the Rp- cues are associated with both the study context and the retrieval-practice context. Thus, at test, participants may search the retrieval practice context first which then makes it more difficult to recall items from the study context. The Nrp cues, however, are only associated with the study context, and are therefore very effective at reinstating the initial study context. In evidence of this account, Jonker et al. (2013) showed that even restudy practice—which is assumed by the inhibitory account to be insufficient to cause forgetting —can cause forgetting when a mental context change is inserted between study and restudy. In Chapter 2, I present a series of experiments designed to replicate this finding while also testing the possibility that a far mental context change would cause more forgetting than a near mental context change.An important assumption of the contextual-cuing account is that if only the practice context is reinstated at final test, retrieval-induced forgetting will occur because participants are unable to access Rp- items. In contrast, if the study context is reinstated at test, because all items are available, retrieval-induced forgetting should be eliminated. To test this critical assumption, in Chapter 3, several experiments are presented in which subjects were encouraged to reinstate the appropriate context regardless of whether a given item was practiced or unpracticed. Finally, in Chapter 4, a summary and interim conclusions are given, as well as future directions that may be fruitful in this domain of research.


Nanoparticles of lead iodide (PbI2) were prepared by exposure of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of lead arachidate to hydrogen iodide. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the nanoparticles consist...


A dislodged Pudenz ventriculo-atrial shunting catheter in a 1.5 year old girl, removed from the right heart by right atriotomy, is presented. The diagnosis, complications and treatment of this unusual complication of the Pudenz shunt are discussed.


1 Associate Professor, The Key State Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore, Dalian University of technology, Dalian. China 2 Professor, The Key State Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore, Dalian University of technology, Dalian. China Email: email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT : In this paper, seismic responses of a 278m high arch dam were analyzed. The consistency viscoplastic Hsieh-Ting-Chen four-parameter model of concrete, modified from the static Hsieh-Ting-Chen four-parameter model based on the results of uniaxial tensile and compressive dynamic tests of concrete, was adopted. This model took account into the effect of strain rates and hydrostatic pressure on dynamic behaviors of concrete. Then, an implicit backward Euler iterative algorithm was proposed. Results showed that the strain rate affected the first principal stresses, the maximal equivalent visco-plastic strain rate of the arch dam. It played an important role in the safety assessment of arch dams located in earthquake active area.


Purpose: Up to date several approaches have been undertaken to achieve an 'easy-to-handle' animal model of choroidal neovascularizations (CNVs) in rabbits; however, so far in none of the studies could healthy retinal tissue be maintained, which is mandatory to further investigate the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) or anti-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor treatments. It was our aim to reevaluate and verify the method of inducing experimental CNVs in rabbits using subretinally injected linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LHP) as proposed by Tamai et al. and to use it for experimental PDT. Material and Methods: In 33 eyes of Chinchilla breed rabbits LHP of two different concentrations (25 and 100 µg/50 µl) was injected into the subretinal space via a transvitreal approach under guidance of an operation microscope. Ophthalmoscopic and angiographic examinations were performed on days 3, 7, 14 and 28 after surgery. Preliminary PDT with different experimental parameter sets was performed in 3 eyes using the new photosensitizer Tookad. Results: Using LHP in the higher concentration, an angiographically determined CNV induction was observed in 27% of all injection sites (n = 34) on days 14 and 28 revealing early well-demarcated and progressive leakage. No CNV was detected at the lower LHP concentration (60 injection sites). Subretinal CNV was verified histologically revealing vessel formation above the retinal pigment epithelium level. Herein, a significant damage to the outer retinal layers was always observed; however, the general structure of the choriocapillary layer was maintained. Tookad PDT was clinically able to completely stop leakage in 1 case and reduce leakage in 2 cases. Histologically the choriocapillary layer was occluded. Conclusion: Subretinal injection of LHP induces angiographically well-demarcated classic CNVs in rabbits; however, the CNV rate was low, and histology revealed severe damage of the outer retinal layers but not of the choriocapillary layer, which is important for studying PDT interactions. Preliminary experimental PDT could clinically stop or reduce leakage from angiographic CNV. Due to the small CNV rate and the significant collateral retinal tissue damage, this model seems to be only of partial suitability for investigating new treatment modalities in CNV.


1'HE author's attention has from time to time been drawn to the SUlllc',JL what ambiguous notions which prevail in some quarters with regard to the work done, and the experience gained, by mnnicipa) engineers in the colonies, so that. lie felt it desirable to make some comparisons, more especially with a view to affording information to the young engineer, who may feel inclined to seek his fortune in the (-o)onies, and also to those who may 1)E' desirous of securing appointments under the various municipalities in new countries.


We propose an ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) variation in which the evaporation rate, instead of being constant as is common in standard ACO algorithms, is a Gaussian random variable with non-negligible variance. In experimental results in the context of MAX-MIN Ant System (MMAS) and the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), we find that our variation performs considerably better than MMAS when the number of iterations is small, and that its performance is slightly better than MMAS when the number of iterations is large.


The combustion of wood presents an interesting problem in non-steady heat flow. When wood is heated, the temperature distribution at a given time may be calculated by means of the well-known conduction equation together with the relevant boundary conditions, provided that the temperature is nowhere sufficiently high to cause appreciable thermal decomposition. When this condition does not apply, the calculation becomes much more complicated, since, as has been recognized for a considerable time, the decomposition is exothermic. The general problem, therefore, is to calculate temperatures and rates of decomposition inside a mass of material, the thermal breakdown of which is accompanied by a heat change, given an initial set of conditions, and a known rate of supply of heat to the surface. The theoretical part of this paper aims at solving this problem for the case of sheets of wood heated in a comparatively simple manner. The treatment is, however, general and may be applied to other materials which undergo thermal changes without melting, if the relevant thermal and other constants are inserted.


The management of asthma has changed significantly over the past decade reflecting the recognition of a coincident chronic pulmonary inflammation. However, unlike other inflammatory diseases for which a specific culpable cause or gene has been identified, asthma appears to be multifactorial in origin, involving several genes (1) and exacerbating factors, such as air pollution (2), allergies (3), cold sensitivity (4), viral infection (5), and tobacco/chemical exposure (6). The wide variability among patients, both in terms of etiology and presentation of symptoms, is anchored by the commonality of variable airflow limitations. Additional indicators of asthma include increased mucus production, elevated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) cellularity, especially CD4+ lymphocytes and eosinophils, increased expression of specific cytokines, and increases in serum IgE levels, which collectively are characteristic of Th2-type inflammatory responses. Ironically, the nonspecific effects of these Th2 responses may amplify nominal inflammatory reactions resulting in life-threatening symptoms and collateral tissue damage that severely limits lung function. Investigations into the role of particular leukocytes in the development of asthmatic pulmonary inflammation have focused primarily on the role of mast cells, eosinophils, and CD4+ lymphocytes. In particular, the infiltration by CD4+ lymphocytes and eosinophils is tightly associated with the development of pulmonary dysfunction even in nominal cases of asthma and the extent of infiltration generally correlates with the severity of disease (7). Infiltrating eosinophils and CD4+ lymphocyte subtypes initiate and/or augment responses by secreting inflammatory mediators including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, C-C chemokines, leukotrienes, platelet activating factor (PAF), and tumor necrosis factor ex (TNFex) (8-13). In particular, IL-4 and IL-5 control the levels of IgE and eosinophils, respectively, both of which are elevated in asthmatics. The evidence linking the pathobiology of asthma to eosinophil infiltration is very compelling. Asthma patients often have an increased number of eosinophils in their peripheral


This article explores the issue of history within post-structuralist social models of investigation applied to the biblical text. Within the context of a biblical narrative of Judean history, such as the Hasmonean revolt, the author assumes the necessary exploration of social voices, narratives, and even "controversial" texts, in order to gain a fuller understanding of the Maccabean period. While historians have perceived the past as a reality to be reconstructed and collided, this article argues for the perception of the past as an ethnographic reality, where sociability and the authority of texts depend on conflicting memories. Narratives and historical narrations arise out of a concern for continuity and the future, more than out of the past and its singularity. Thus social and individual memories reflect social and individual experiences and cannot be discarded, even when they conflict with one another.


After nearly two decades of design, construction and commissioning, the CMS detector was operated with colliding LHC proton beams for the first time in November and December 2009. Collision data was recorded at centre-of-mass
energies of 0.9 and 2.36TeV, and analyzed with a fast turn-around time by the CMS Collaboration. In this talk I will review the commissioning condition at the start of the proton collision operation and a selection of commisioning results from the collision analysis. The proposed results show an excellent performance of the CMS detector and a very good agreement with the expectations from simulation for a hadron collider detector at start-up. The results are thus very encouraging for the start of the 7TeV physics run.


Contents: Paul J. White & William S. Logan, Introduction -- Michael Humphrey, Civil War, Community and State in the Middle East -- Pam Stavropoulos, Dichotomy and Complementarity: Tenets of Islam and their Interrelationship -- Larbi Sadiki, The Impasse of Liberalising Arab Authoritarianism: The Cases of Algeria and Egypt -- Maroun Kisirwani, The Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Lebanon -- Nabila Jaber, Islam Revisited: Wo(men)hood, Nationhood, and the Legitimating Crisis of Gender Equality -- Fiona Hill, The Gender of Tradition: Syrian Women and the Feminist Agenda -- Shahram Akbarzadeh, Islam, Culture and Nationalism: The Post-Soviet Experience of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan -- Derek Verrall, Economic Development and the Search for National Identity in Central Asia -- Adam Tarock, Iran's Foreign Policy Since the Gulf War -- Paul J. White, Turkey: From Total War to Civil War? -- David Beirman, The Role of the United States as an Initiator and an Intermediary in the Arab-Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process: Comparing the Approaches of the Bush and Clinton Administrations -- Jeremy Salt, History and the Meaning of Disaster: Arab and Palestinian Politics from 1948 to 1993 -- Daryl Champion, Religious Fundamentalism: A Threat to the State of Israel?


The telecommunication industry always has a tough competition with its competitors to retain customers, and therefore has become one of the research sectors in machine learning and data mining. Since the customers' churn behavior is to be monitored closely and efficiently it requires for a methodical churn prediction model to monitor the customers' churn. The main setbacks in achieving the desired performances in a classifier are the enormous datasets, large feature space and imbalanced class distribution. In this work, we explore the implication of Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique (SMOTE) to reduce the imbalance in data in collaboration with different feature reduction techniques such as Co-relation feature extraction, Gain ratio, Information gain and OneR feature evaluation method. Classification and Regression Trees(CART), Bagged CART and Partial Decision Trees(PART) classifiers are trained to analyze the performance on balanced and reduced feature space dataset. Prediction performance of the classifiers is evaluated through measures such as Area Under the Curve(AUC), sensitivity and specificity. Finally, it is concluded through simulations that our proposed method based on SMOTE, co-relation, and ensembling performs well for predicting churners as against simply applying learners on the unrefined dataset. Therefore, this methodology can be helpful for the telecommunication industry to predict churn.


Fused heterocyclic compounds rank among the most significant systems in medicinal chemistry because of their wide-ranging biological effects. Among the various class of compounds, chalcones and their derivatives are found to be one of the important classes in the field of synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry. These derivatives are mainly synthesized by means of Claisen-Schmidt condensation, Crossed Aldol condensation and Knoevenagel condensation reactions, which provides wider applications in the field of medicine. Due to the broader biological applications like antimicrobial, anticancer, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, anti-vitiligo and neuroprotective properties, these derivatives extended their role in coordination chemistry and also act as intermediates for the synthesis of various organic derivatives containing isoxazole, pyrazole, pyrimidine, naphthalene, indole, polyamine and other moieties as hybrid molecules. The present review discusses the biological applications of various chalcone derivatives. Due to their easiest way of synthesis, nowadays, these types of derivatives were tried for various ailments and by means of implementing various greener chemistry approaches, novel and potent derivatives can be synthesized and applied for various applications. Thus, this review will be helpful for the design of potent chalcone derivatives for numerous applications in the future.
Keywords: Chalcones, 1,3-diphenyl-2-propene-1-one, microbial properties, anticancer, antioxidant, neuroprotective and biological applications


Photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy system is combined with molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to accomplish in-situ PR measuring of the Si surface (delta) doping on GaAs (001) with different concentrations at different temperatures. The features observed on the high-energy side of the fundamental gap are attributed to transitions involving electronic subbands in the half V-shaped potential well. We find that the Si (delta) -doping-related spectral structure first shifts to high energy side with the doping concentration increasing, then almost stop shifting with the doping concentration higher than 2.4 X 1014 cm-2 when temperature increases, at certain doping concentration the Si (delta) - doping-related transition shifts toward low energy side. The dependence of the transition on doping concentration is well explained by using a simple theoretical model.


Summary During last three years, in 2001-2003, we carried out a searching for quarantine bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) on the territory of the Czech Republic. Up to now, we had not detect Xf in collected samples of potential hosts plants. During our searching for Xf, we regularly observed symptoms of leaf scorch, twig dieback and declines in many urban shade or ornamental trees, including maple, elm, sycamore, oak, Physocarpus, Liliodendron and others. Light and electron microscopic observations indicated bacteria-like bodies to be limited to tracheids and xylem vessels. The failure to detect the nutritionally fastidious Xf bacterium on the one side and the presence of bacteria-like bodies in xylem tissues of plants with symptoms on the other side indicated to us that other bacteria, i.e. non-fastidious ones, could be responsible for the symptoms of leaf scorch and dieback in some tree species. In all 78 plant samples (twigs and shoots) taken from trees exhibiting symptoms of leaf scorch were microbiologically analyzed. The sampling was carried out on 14 locations in parklands in southern Moravia (Lednice, Valtice, Mikulov), Prague city parks and in some locations around Slaný and Kladno towns (Central Bohemia). Shoots and twigs with burning of leaf margins were the main sources of bacteria for isolation. Petioles or shoots were surface sterilized, cut into short sections (1-2 cm) and sap was expressed from the sections with pliers. The expressed sap was streaked over the surface of King B and Sniezsko and Bonde media which are suitable for growth of many non-fastidious gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Bacteria were consistently isolated from xylem fluid. Altogether more than 220 bacterial isolates were obtained. They were divides into 22 groups according their Gram stain reactions, cell and colony morphology on King B and Snieszko and Bonde media. The potential plant pathogenicity of representants of each of 22 groups of bacterial isolates obtained was tested in indicator plants such as tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Burley), Mirabilis jalapa, periwincle (Catharanthus roseus) and aubergine (Solanum melongena). Twenty-six bacterial isolates expressed more or less degree of plant pathogenicity for herbaceous plants tested. Of 31 isolates tested on Biolog plates, 13 (42%) ones were unidentifiable because all wells on plates were positive. Only 5 isolates were identified at the species level and 1 at the genus level. Nine isolates were determined only at the class level. Of 31 isolates tested on Biolog plates, 13 (42%) ones were unidentifiable because all wells on plates were positive. Only 5 isolates were identified at the species level and 1 at the genus level. Nine isolates were determined only at the class level. It seems likely that some xylem-inhabiting bacteria, different from Xf, could be associated with leaf scorch and decline symptoms in some shade and forest trees.


The growth of mobile communication has been very rapid and people can call from everywhere even in moving vehicles. Another trend is that personal computers (PCs) are becoming indispensable communication tools for business. Naturally, people desire to communicate through PCs even from outdoors, and research has considered wireless computer communication. One technical problem of wireless computer communication is how to realize a small efficient antenna for installation on a wireless IC-card. There have been some antennas reported. However, the only one that can be integrated into an IC-card is installed on the face of the IC card, so its performance degrades when it is inserted into the card-slot. We propose a new type of antenna for an IC-card which can be seen through the aperture of the card-slot. Since this antenna consists of two radiation elements which radiate V-polarization and H-polarization beams, it has a good performance regardless of the terminal inclination. This paper describes the configuration of the proposed antenna and its performance and shows its feasibility as a 2 GHz wireless system antenna.


Hygro-thermal buckling of the porous FG nanobeam incorporating the surface effect is investigated. The even
distribution of porosities is assumed in this paper. Various porous FG nanobeam models including classical beam theory (CBT), Timoshenko beam theory (TBT), Reddy beam theory (RBT), sinusoidal beam theory (SBT), hyperbolic beam theory (HBT) and exponential beam theory (EBT) are developed in this paper. The nonlocal strain gradient theory with material length scale and nonlocal parameters is adopted to examine the buckling behavior. The governing equations of the porous FG nanobeam are derived from principle of minimum potential energy. In the numerical examples, the effect of the nonlocal parameter, material
length scale parameter, the temperature rise, the moisture concentration, surface effect, material gradient index, and porosity volume fraction on the buckling temperature and moisture are analyzed and discussed in detail. The results show that the stiffness of the beam depends on the relation of size between nonlocal parameter and length scale parameter. The paper will be helpful for the design and manufacture of the FG nanobeam under complex environments.


ABSTRACT This paper reports on the production and characterization of bio-oil obtained from a commonly used non-edible seed biomass Jatropha (Jatropha curcas Linnaeus). Jatropha seeds were subjected to pyrolysis in a semi batch reactor at a temperature of 350–550°C with an objective to produce bio-oil. The effect of temperature on pyrolysis of the seed was studied to know the optimum temperature for maximum bio-oil yield. It was observed that Jatropha seed yielded a maximum of 67 wt% bio-oil fraction at 500°C. The chemical composition of the bio-oil obtained at optimum temperature was analyzed using a CHNS analyzer, FTIR and GC-MS. Composition analysis illustrated that Jatropha seed pyrolysis oil is a low sulfur fuel and can be a source of various valuable bio-chemicals such as Oleic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Oleanitrile, and Octadecanoic acid. The high calorific value of the pyrolysis oil makes it suitable as an alternate renewable fuel for diesel engines.


This paper is a descriptive work and is an attempt to study Jim Corbett's approach, as an Indo-Anglian writer, towards the theme of caste related subjugation in the colonial era. Jim Corbett is one of the few Anglo-Indian writers, who through his non-fictional narrative reveals minute observation of the customs, traditions and rituals of Indian culture. Short stories based on real-life characters offer, as one of the major themes, a glimpse of the suffering and subjugation and taboo associated with the life of the untouchables. He understands the role of caste system in India and is aware of its relevance in shaping the destiny of a person. Corbett's concern is not only class and caste conscious, but also socially relevant and the delineation of the anguish of the underprivileged is poignant and significant. He is sensitive towards their struggle and gives the message of equality and humanity. He is a moralist, who preaches the lesson of humanity.


ehaft of the bone. At first I did not diagnose it, on account of the swelling and the absence of crepitus, but the latter could be detected about a fortnight after the accident. As in the case of Mr. Beatson's patient, my chief inconvenience lay in the fact that I could not oppose the thumb to the other -digits, but,.as it was my left hand, I did not suffer so many discomforts. The power to oppose the thumb and fingers did ,not return for upwards of three months. Professor Bennett etates that the injury in the large majority of the cases is to the right, and that it is rare on the left side. In my case the injury was practically untreated, and now that union has taken place in a faulty position, a characteristic deformity tremains, that is, the proximal end of the shaft of the bone is drawn upwards and slightlyforwardsby its extensor tendon, and.appears as a swelling in the space between that tendon -and the tendon of the extensor secundi internodii, thus obliterating the hollow which was formerly, and perhaps is still, known as "the students' snuffbox." Redland Road, Bristol. JAS. E. PRICHARD, M.B.


Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly diverse group of developmental disorders with a multicausal etiology and a strong genetic basis. About 8% of the human genome consists of human endogenous retrovirus elements (HERVs). HERV transcription appears to be altered not only in specific brain regions but also in the peripheral blood of patients with psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis (MS), ASD, and different types of cancer. This study aims to investigate the blood-based expression of five distinct human endogenous retrovirus elements in a patient cohort of 31 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and a control group of 27 children with typical development.
The comparative HERV expression analysis in 31 children with a diagnosis of ASD and 27 age- and sex-matched healthy controls was performed via a whole transcriptome sequencing approach combined with qRT-PCR analysis.
Two HERV-encoded genes: HERV-P env, and HERV-R env, were found to be significantly downregulated in the group of children with ASD. Another HERV gene, HERV-W pol appeared to be significantly upregulated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the observed changes in transcript levels of HERV-P env and HERV-R env can discriminate between ASD patients and healthy controls with considerable sensitivity and specificity.
Our results alongside a large number of expression studies conducted by other researchers suggest that human endogenous retrovirus elements may participate in important physiological processes and serve as key factors and markers for many conditions including ASD.


referred to a hospital. I have recently reviewed my own out-of-hours visiting for the first six months of this year, (after 6 pm, weekends, and bank holidays). Of patients seen at these times, only 9 5 0 were referred to our local district general hospital. It is a relative rarity to refer a patient to an acute medical ward. It may be that group practice makes personal care as once understood rather more difficult. However, at least members of the group can easily discuss problems which have arisen out of hours. The patient's own doctor is then in a good position to ensure continuity of care. Dr Conway's scheme would make communication very difficult and cumbersome. The service would be impersonal and remote and would in time, completely destroy general practice.


In this presentation, first of all we definite a new type of function by using delta-b-open sets. Then, we obtain some characterizations and some properties of this function. Besides, we give their relationships with other types of functions between topological spaces. Key–Words: δ-b-open sets, b-open sets, δ-semi-open sets, semi open sets, completely δ-b-irresolute functions


We describe a new approach for modeling the transport of high-energy particles accelerated during flares from the acceleration region in the solar corona until their eventual thermalization in the flare footpoint. Our technique numerically solves the Fokker–Planck equation and includes forces corresponding to Coulomb collisions in a flux loop with nonuniform ionization, synchrotron emission reaction, magnetic mirroring, and a return current electric field. Our solution to the Fokker–Planck equation includes second-order pitch angle and momentum diffusion. It is applicable to particles of arbitrary mass and charge. By tracking the collisions, we predict the bremsstrahlung produced as these particles interact with the ambient stellar atmosphere. This can be compared directly with observations and used to constrain the accelerated particle energy distribution. We have named our numerical code FP and distributed it for general use. We demonstrate its effectiveness in several test cases.


Biology is the master of self-assembly, and proteins are the proof. Relying on interactions specified by the sequence of amino acids, proteins are able to precisely assemble into a multitude of intricate configurations, each with a unique functionality dictated by its three-dimensional structure. At an abstract level, one can think about the sophistication of protein folding as arising from three main principles governing the interactions between assembling components: valency, directionality, and specificity. Valency, or patchiness, refers to the number and spatial distribution of interacting domains (Fig. 1 A ). When attractive patches are present, the number of ways two interacting components can be positioned relative to one another will be limited. Directionality refers to the tendency for building blocks to interact with an orientational dependence (Fig. 1 B ). For a highly directional interaction, the number of ways two components can be rotated relative to one another will be limited. Finally, specificity refers to the presence of chemical complementarity that facilitates a selective attachment between building blocks (Fig. 1 C ). For a component with a highly specific attractive interaction, the number of unique complementary partners that can be recognized will be limited. Each of these traits can be thought of as being orthogonal axes representing the types of interactions that can occur between assembling components. As each type of interaction becomes more well defined, the information content of the building block increases, and the number of plausible final states is decreased. Thus, the final assembled structure possesses a greater degree of programmed structural sophistication (1). Although biological systems have mastered these tools, it has long been the goal of chemists and physicists to instill artificial systems with similarly complex interactions so as to self-assemble advanced materials from the bottom up with limited human intervention (2). To date, researchers have been able to strongly instantiate one …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: mrj{at}rice.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


AbstrAct Purpose: The aim of the work is to employ the artificial neural networks for prediction of hardness of the alloyed copper like CuTi, CuFe, CuCr and CuNiSi. Design/methodology/approach: It has been assumed that the artificial neural networks can be used to assign the relationship between the chemical compositions of alloyed copper, temperature and time of solution heat treatment, degree of cold working deformation and temperature and time of ageing. In order to determine the relationship it has been necessary to work out a suitable calculation model. It has been proved that employment of genetic algorithm to selection of input neurons can be very useful tool to improve artificial neural network calculation results. The attempt to use the artificial neural networks for predicting the effect of the chemical composition and parameters of heat treatment and cold working deformation degree on the hardness succeeded, as the level of the obtained results was acceptable.


I present results for soft anomalous dimensions through three loops
for several processes involving the production of top quarks. In
particular, I discuss single-top and top-pair production. I also present
some numerical results for double-differential distributions in
t{\bar t}tt‾
production through approximate N^33LO.


This article explores the current direction of modern geopolitics associated with conflicts of our time. In particular, attention is paid to the analysis of the origins of the aggressive policy of the leading world countries, especially the United States. The authors argue that one of the principal causes of today's regional conflicts that could potentially develop into the world conflicts is the concept of "universal values." The author focuses on the fact that the initiator of such conflicts may be the subjects of globalization. The forcible imposition of such Westernistic standards gives rise to the active rejection in many countries. The threat of a geopolitical conflict is determined by the transnational information networks uniting the whole world space because ubiquitousness of the extremely intensive mass media and relatively high geographic mobility contribute to the emergence of zones of irrationality. The line between the internal and interstate conflicts existed for a long period of time, although it was not too severe. With the end of the Cold War this line rapidly began to get blurred: it is the limited conflicts of the internal internationalized nature that have become the main type of the military confrontation in the 90's. At this, the internal internationalized conflicts have combined the most dangerous features of both international and internal conflicts. When analyzing the causes of geopolitical conflicts of the globalization era we should assume that the interaction of interests on the international scene is often conflicting in nature and it is impossible to remove the conflicts from political practices at all; it is necessary to learn how to manage them minimizing potential costs and damage. The Western policy of globalization aimed at the destruction of national cultures and practices of globalization in many ways is defined by the subjects of the globalization pressure seeking to impose their own standards to the world community. One of the most dangerous manifestations of the globalization pressure is the policy of "double standards", the display of which is the use of force in international relations and the willingness to apply it in defiance of the international law. Due to the fact that the world is gradually losing its multipolarity, the globalization methods are becoming more open and aggressive. Fundamentals of stability of the modern system, its viability and activity are declared as derivatives of the state of the American resources, political will and intellect. At the beginning of the 21st century for the first time in a hundred years foreign countries started talking about the empire and imperial thinking without the usual liberal judgment accepting it as a real fact of political and cultural life.


We applied the temperature-dependent field ionization mass spectrometry method to determine the interaction energy between 9-methyladenine and acrylamide. Acrylamide mimics the side chain amide gro...


Idaho's Court Assistance Office Project started operations in July 1999. The project is overseen by a standing committee of the supreme court known as the Committee to Increase Access to the Courts. When it chose program goals, the committee consulted the Survey of Pro Se Litigation and Staff Assistance by the American Judicature Society/Justice Management Institute, (1) as well as a report on pro se litigants in Idaho family law cases. (2) In the hope of making the Idaho court system more accessible, the Project has been charged with addressing the recommendations of the report concerning plain English forms and brochures, pro bono legal and paralegal assistance, and equipment and technology needs. Rather than create new forms and informational brochures, the Project collected and reviewed existing state law related materials. Brochures were purchased in bulk from various agencies and disseminated in all forty-four of Idaho's counties. Permission to use specific forms was obtained from the authors. Forms authored by the Idaho Volunteer Lawyer's Program, however, were made available through cooperative workshops. (3) The Project tried four different staffing models to determine the most effective method of assisting pro se litigants. (4) In two small counties with supportive local judges, part-time court clerks were given court assistance office functions along with their regular duties. In a medium sized county, a half-time attorney was hired as an independent contractor to provide services and coordinate law student volunteers. In a large county, a full-time paralegal with court clerking experience was employed. In a ten-county judicial district, two independent contractors, one an attorney and the other a court interpreter, were hired part-time. All assistance was provided in a location outside the court clerk's office. To provide better pro se legal services, both the Idaho Volunteer Lawyers Program and Idaho Legal Aid Services increased the number and frequency of their default divorce workshops. The Project has linked with both agencies to manage initial case intake and screen referrals. The goal is one-stop shopping, so patrons will not spend unnecessary time contacting agencies that are unable to provide services. Each Court Assistance Office has a list of the case qualifications for each Legal Aid Services office, as well as the Volunteer Lawyer's Program. (5) Each office also has referral lists with the contact information, practice areas, and hourly rates of interested private attorneys. In addition to providing referrals for legal services, the Project provides references to local social service agencies that may benefit patrons. Finally, the Idaho State Bar has started a Modest Means Program that links the working poor (6) with a reduced fee (7) attorney for a $15.00 application fee. If no match can be found, the fee is refunded. In addition to providing referrals for legal services, the Project provides references to local social service agencies that may benefit patrons. Court assistance officers are authorized to help patrons with the information needed to complete the forms and assist them with formatting issues. A Project website was developed to offer forms, instructions, and referral information, (8) and each Court Assistance Office was outfitted with a computer for patron and staff use. Officers do not prepare forms for patrons, but they may provide typing services for impaired individuals. (9) Evaluation has been a key component of the Project since its inception. The Justice Management Institute conducted the first six-month pilot project evaluation. (10) The three largest Project offices also had local oversight committees that were kept abreast of problems and successes at each location. At the end of the pilot project, none of the offices were earmarked for closure. The medium sized office expanded considerably due to increased caseload. …


Taking kidney bean protein(KBP)as material,the method on fuzzy discernment and ratio coefficient was applid to general nutrition assessment of KBP. Results showed that the proportion between essential amino acids(EAAs)was suitable and conformed to recommended reference pattern of FAO/WHO. The amino acid score(AAS),chemical score(CS),essential amino acid index(EAAI),biological value(BV),nutrition index(NI)and score of ratio coeficient of amino acid(SRCAA)of KBP were 91. 25,67. 59,78. 07,43. 54,74. 55 and 62. 38,respectively. In conclusion,the protein nutrient value of KBP was very high. Moreover,the functional properties of KBP such as solubility,foam ability,foam stability,emulsifying property and emulsion stability were also discussed in the present study. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the relative molecular weights of different protein components were 90. 5,81. 3,65. 8,43. 9,41. 5,33. 7,30. 2,17. 5kDa,respectively.


The interaction between attention and emotion is posited to influence long-term memory consolidation. We systematically reviewed experiments investigating the influence of attention on emotional memory to determine: (i) the reported effect of attention on memory for emotional stimuli, and (ii) whether there is homogeneity between behavioural and neuroimaging based effects. Over half of the 47 included experiments found a moderate-to-large effect of attention on emotional memory as measured behaviourally. However, eye-tracking research provide mixed support for the role of attention-related processes in facilitating emotional information into long-term memory. Similarly, modulations in sensory-related components at encoding were not predictive of long-term memory formation, whereas later components appear to differentially reflect the allocation of attention to heterogeneous emotional stimuli. This dissociation in neurophysiology is paralleled by the activation of distinct neural networks under full- and divided-attention conditions. We quantified the effects of the behavioural, eye-tracking and neuroimaging findings via meta-analysis to show that the neural substrates of attention-related emotional memory enhancement may be sensitive to specific methodological parameters.


A class of singularly perturbed nonlinear boundary value problem for third-order nonlinear differential equation is studied by means of unknown function transformation,the upper and lower solutions were constructed,and existence and asymptotic estimates of solution under suitable conditions were obtained.


Humeral diaphysis fractures consist a rather frequent injury. The aim of our study is to evaluate the results of the treatment of humeral diaphysis fractures with the use of an interlocking intramedullary nail. During the period March 1999 – December 2001, 25 intramedullary nailings were performed in 24 patients with a humeral fracture (16 women and 8 men), aged 26–81 years (Average: 57.1 years) using a Russell-Taylor humeral nail. There were 16 cases of acute humeral fractures, 3 cases of pathologic fractures, and 6 cases of delayed union or non-union. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 36 months (Average: 20 months). Fracture union was recorded, and the results were evaluated according to the scoring system of Neer. No immediate postoperative complications were recorded. The final result was excellent in 9 cases (36%), good in 12 (48%), unsatisfactory in 3 (12%), while there was one failure (4%), where a reoperation was required. Fracture union was achieved within 4 months in 21 cases (84%), while 2 cases of delayed union and 2 non-unions were recorded. Interlocking intramedullary nailing offers a dependable solution in the treatment of humeral diaphysis fractures, providing a very satisfactory functional outcome and a high union rate. It offers an excellent option in the treatment of pathologic fractures of the humerus, as well as in severely comminuted fractures and humeral fractures in polytrauma patients.


The array substrate includes a gate line (102), a data line (112) crossing the gate line to define a pixel region, and a thin film transistor (T) connected to these lines. the transistor (T) includes an active layer (108), source and drain electrodes (114, 116) and a gate electrode (104) having a first portion (105a) covering the drain electrode (116) . Application to reducing the parasitic capacitances between the terminals of thin film transistors for liquid crystal displays.


112 pp. Bookmarks supplied by UO. Tables; referenced map not included. Adopted January 16, 1990; most recently amended December 12, 2006. Captured April 8, 2009.


To the Editor:— I would like to report an interesting case of hidradenitis suppurativa that responded to cyclic administration of a combination of norethindrone and mestranol. A 27-year-old white woman was seen at the Cleveland Clinic in June 1963 complaining of severe recurrent axillary hidradenitis suppurativa. The patient had had this disease, which recurred only between pregnancies for four years. She stated that at the onset of each of her four pregnancies (gravida-4, para-4, abort-0) she noticed the beginning of resolution of all lesions until the mid trimester of her pregnancy when the activity of the lesions appeared to be arrested. In the past she had been given sodium oxacillin, procaine penicillin injections, various tetracycline products by mouth, low doses of x-ray therapy, and injection of staphylococcus toxin. At no time during the course of her recurrences did there seem to be any relief from the condition. Routine urine analysis,


Objective To investigate the clinical value of retaining one or both ovaries transposition mark of young cervical cancer patients and prolonging vagina during cervical cancer operation.Methods From January 2005 to June 2012 in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Shaanxi Electronic 409 Hospital,22 patients between the age of 28-40 in Ia-Ⅱ a stage of cervical cancer were selected as the observation group,whose ovarian unilateral or bilateral transposition marks were retained and vagina was extended in cervical cancer radical operation;at the same time,22 patients between the age of 38-45 who had routine cervical cancer radical surgery were selected as the control group.The length of operation time,bleeding in operation,post-operative complications,and sex hormone levels changes after surgery and vaginal conditions(length,elasticity,moist degree),and sexual life quality of the two groups were observed and compared.Results ①The operation of observation and control groups were all successful,and the operation time and inoperative bleeding of the two groups had no significant differences(t = 1.1497,0.3837,P 0.05).②Follicle-stimulating hormone,estradiol levels of the observation group before surgery and six months after surgery had no statistically significant difference(t = 2.0166,0.8187,P 0.05);follicle-stimulating hormone levels of the observation group and control group six months after surgery had statistically significant difference(t = 16,0532,P 0.001).③Vaginal conditions and sexual life quality of the observation group was significantly better than the control group six months after surgery with a significant difference(t = 37.8000,P 0.05;χ2 = 10.1149,P 0.01).Conclusion Reservation of ovarian transposition mark and vaginal extension in radical hysterectomy of the young patients with cervical cancer can significantly improve their life quality.


The demand for invitro-produced embryos from heifers with high genetic merit has increased over time. Synchronization and stimulation of follicular growth before ovum pickup (OPU) has been used to improve oocyte quality and, consequently, embryo production. Multiple injections involve extra labour and stress for both personnel and cattle. The release of FSH can be prolonged by using 0.5% hyaluronan (HA) as a diluent, allowing a decrease in the number of injections. The objective of this study was to compare oocyte recovery and embryo production between single or multiple injections of FSH before OPU of Holstein heifers. During April and May 2020, 20 Holstein heifers (8 to 15 mo old) from Ruann Dairy (Riverdale, CA) were randomly divided and submitted to two different treatments (crossover design). Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH; Fertagyl®, Merck, 129 µg, IM) was given to synchronize the follicular wave emergence. Treatment 1×FSH consisted of a single intramuscular (IM) injection of 100 mg of FSH (Folltropin®, Vetoquinol) 36 h after GnRH. The FSH consisted of a 2.5-mL injection of 400 mg of FSH diluted in 10 mL of 0.5% HA. OPU was performed 48 to 50 h after FSH. Treatment 5×FSH consisted of 100 mg of FSH divided into 5 equal IM injections (10-14 h intervals) 36 h after GnRH. The FSH consisted of 5 × 1-mL injections of 400 mg of FSH in 20 mL of saline. OPU was performed 18 to 20 h after the last FSH injection. All donors received both treatments at a 14-day interval and the recovered oocytes were fertilized with the same sexed female-sorted semen in both rounds. OPU, oocyte classification, IVM, IVF, and culture (IVC) were performed as described by Demetrio et al. (2020 Anim. Reprod. 17, e20200053). All oocytes went into IVM, except for degenerated oocytes. The number of 4-cell (or more) embryos on Day 3 of IVC divided by the number of oocytes in IVC after IVF is defined as the cleavage rate. The number of blastocysts (early to hatched) on Day 7 of IVP divided by the number of oocytes in IVC after IVF is defined as the blastocyst rate. Poisson-normal (count data) and Logistic-normal (proportion data) models were used to analyse the data. Treatment, donor (random effect), and sire were included in the models. The results are summarized in Table 1. There were no differences between the two treatments on the number of oocytes recovered per OPU (total and grade 1 and 2), percentage of grade 1 and 2 oocytes, cleavage rate, blastocyst rate and number of embryos (total and grade 1). Oocyte recovery and embryo production are highly donor dependent. Stimulation of the follicular growth before OPU with one single injection of FSH diluted in 0.5% HA 36 h after GnRH can be efficiently used for IVP in Holstein heifers, without decreasing the number of oocytes recovered and/or embryos produced with the advantage of reducing labour and stress of handling cattle. Table 1. Number and quality of oocytes and cleavage and blastocyst rates Treatment OPU Oocytes per donor Grade 1 and 2 oocytes (%) Cleavage rate (%) Blastocyst rate (%) Total embryos per OPU Grade 1 embryos per OPU 1 × FSH 20 17.0 45.7 84 39.8 6.2 3.8 5 × FSH 20 19.9 46.5 82 35.6 6.3 4.0


Accounts of propositions as sets of possible worlds have been criticized for conflating distinct impossible propositions. In response to this problem, some have proposed to introduce impossible worlds to represent distinct impossibilities, endorsing the thesis that impossible worlds must be of the same kind; this has been called the parity thesis. I show that this thesis faces problems, and propose a hybrid account which rejects it: possible worlds are taken as concrete Lewisian worlds, and impossibilities are represented as set-theoretic constructions out of them. This hybrid account (1) distinguishes many intuitively distinct impossible propositions; (2) identifies impossible propositions with extensional constructions; (3) avoids resorting to primitive modality, at least so far as Lewisian modal realism does.


In this paper, we propose a nonsupervised neural network approach to an image segmentation issue. The purpose is to extract spectral lines from sonar images. A Kohonen's self-organizing map is used to approximate the probability density function of the input data in a nonlinear way. The originality of our work with regards to the Kohonen approach is that constraints due to spectral lines features (temporal continuity, high mean energy), are encoded into the network. The process consists of two steps. First, searching for each point in the image whether a spectral line goes through this point. This step is achieved using a one-dimension map which self-organizes until a stable state is reached. The second step consists in evaluating whether network topology recovers spectral lines properties. For this purpose, we define an objective function which depends on neurons mean energy and global curvature of the network seen as a topological set of units. This process enhances spectral lines perception in a noisy image and has been successfully applied to a set of lofargrams with different signal to noise ratio.


We present high-resolution, near-infrared NIRSPEC observations of CO absorption toward six class II T Tauri stars: AA Tau, DG Tau, IQ Tau, RY Tau, CW Tau, and Haro 6–5b. 12CO overtone absorption lines originating from the circumstellar disk of each object were used to calculate line-of-sight gas column densities toward each source. We measured the gas/dust ratio as a function of disk inclination, utilizing measured visual extinctions and inclinations for each star. The majority of our sources show further evidence for a correlation between the gas/dust column density ratio and disk inclination similar to that found by Rettig et al.


A variety of currently operational GNSS frequencies and rapid development of new navigation satellite systems resulted in the need for interoperability and compatibility. Recent state-of-the-art integrated GNSS front-ends are capable of simultaneous support of multiple navigation systems [1, 2]. A unification of the signal processing part is also possible and, what is more, desirable. This paper introduces a proposal for universal instruction set extension (ISE), which is used for accelerating signal processing in SDR (Software Defined Radio) based GNSS applications. The results of this work were implemented and tested on the chip multithreading general purpose processor – AGATE [3], running on the Xilinx Virtex-6 ML605 FPGA evaluation board.


The Michael Reese Hospital Postgraduate School will offer a one week course in "Recent Advances in Pediatrics—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Measures." This full time, intensive course will meet from May 21st to May 26th, 1951. Clinical and didactic material will be presented by members of the Department of Pediatrics and cooperating departments. For further information, address the Dean, 29th Street and Ellis Avenue, Chicago 16.
 A 6 months fellowship is available at the Seizure Unit of the Neurological Institute, Children's Medical Center in Boston.


Objective To explore the relationship between the levels of β-catenin in synovial fluid and knee osteoarthritis in serum as well as the degree of pathological change. Methods 65 cases of patients with knee osteoarthritis were chosen,30 of those suffered from early-stage knee osteoarthritis,and 35 from medium-later-stage knee osteoarthritis. The control group was 30 healthy volunteers. The levels of β-catenin in both synovial fluid and serum were detected by ELISA. Results The levels of β-catenin in both synovial fluid and serum in patients with osteoarthritis were higher than those of the control group. Additionally,the levels of β-catenin became higher as the degree of pathological change increasing seriously. The differences were statistically significant(P 0.05). Conclusion The elevated levels of β-catenin in both synovial fluid and serum in patients with osteoarthritis was closely associated with the degrees of pathological change. In summary,higher expression of β-catenin in both synovial fluid and serum was might closely paralled with the serious degree of osteoarthritis.


The puzzling fact that the pistils of Malvaceae-Ureneae have five locules, but ten, instead of five, stylar branches, is made clear by a study of their development.


We report on a 2.5 W average power 250 mJ/pulse eye-safe solid-state Raman laser with an output wavelength of 1.56 µm.


In large-scale models, an accurate calculation of energy fluxes at the lower boundary is important to ensure satisfactory predictions of the meteorological parameters. This work is performed using surface models. In this paper. various surface models. previously studied by Deardorff are tested against experimental data from the West African Monsoon Experiment 1979 in the Ivory Coast. Physical properties of the soil are assumed constant and uniform. Input variables are dry and wet bulb temperatures. wind velocity at the 2 m level, and global radiation. We compute sensible and latent heat fluxes and the surface conduction flux. A Crank-Nicholson scheme has been used with a time step of 5 min. Estimated sensible and latent heat fluxes agree well with experimental data. The order of magnitude of the difference between theoretical and experimental values is 30 W m -2 for evaporation and 20 W m -2 for sensible heat. Surface soil heat flux ie less satisfactorily calculated. which could result from properties assumed constant such as soil surface humidity. A model including the heat conduction in the soil provides the best results. The others, based on empirical formulations of surface soil heat flux, are less satisfactory. However. with a simple two-layer model. the predictions are quite acceptable. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1985.tb00056.x


Dataset linked to the publication: Rural-Urban Inequity in Unmet Obstetric Need and Functionality of Emergency Obstetric Care Services in a Zambian District


Since the ratification of the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement in 2006, the status of the relationship between the Canadian government, its institutions and Indigenous peoples has been increasingly called into question. One institution which has faced this questioning is the police. The historical, political and sociological contexts of the relationship between the police and Indigenous peoples in Canada have led many commentators to characterize it as one of mistrust. While data indicate that Indigenous peoples in Canada have, in fact, a lower level of confidence in the police compared to non-indigenous people, these data also show that the majority of Indigenous individuals in Canada state that they have at least some confidence in the police. Rooted theoretically in the expressive model of confidence in the police, this thesis explores this counter-intuitive observation and examines why some Indigenous individuals have confidence in the police and others do not, and why more Indigenous individuals mistrust the police compared to non-indigenous people. Results from this thesis suggest that Indigenous peoples' and non-indigenous people's confidence in the police is associated with their perceptions of expressive concerns; that is, the social ties to their community, the presence of social and physical disorder in their community, their feeling of safety from crime, but also their judgment of the police in terms of treating people fairly. While these factors are relevant for both Indigenous peoples and non-indigenous people, results suggest that they have stronger explicative power for Indigenous peoples' confidence in the police. Perhaps not surprisingly, these factors are aligned on various levels with the historical, political and sociological contexts of the relationship between the police and Indigenous peoples in Canada. This last point seems to explain, in part, the difference between Indigenous peoples and non-indigenous people in terms of their level of confidence in the police.


The invention relates to an active composition for a spectral radiant during combustion substantially pyrotechnical infrared dummy target with spatial effect, comprising a first spectral radiant during combustion effective mass component and a second spectral radiant during combustion effective mass component, wherein the first and second active mass component each include at least a fuel and an oxidant wherein the active mass is inhomogeneous characterized in that the first explosive material component forms a matrix, are embedded in the formed of the second active component mass particles.