BACKGROUND
SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is recognized for the first time in Wuhan, China. The cytokine storm is a known factor causing major clinical symptoms leading to death in COVID-19 patients.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate and compare the serum levels of different cytokines in COVID-19 patients with different clinical severity.

METHODS
Concentrations of serum cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF, were measured in 61 COVID-19 patients and 31 normal controls with ELISA. We investigated the correlation between the levels of these cytokines and clinical severity, CRP level, neutrophil and lymphocyte count in patients with COVID-19.

RESULTS
Our data indicated that the levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF, but not IL-10 were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients compared to normal controls. Statistical analysis showed that the level of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF were higher in severe COVID-19 than those of mild cases. The concentrations of all mentioned cytokines were negatively associated with the absolute count of lymphocytes, and positively correlated with the CRP level and the absolute count of neutrophils.

CONCLUSION
The current study suggests that high levels of various cytokines correlate with the disease severity and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19.


Braces and splints that apply supporting and corrective forces to the human body have traditionally been covered with various types of leather. At present, however, good leather hides are becoming very expensive and difficult to obtain. The problems involved in using leather have motivated research in the use of plastic materials and new covering processes to replace leather coverings. Ten years ago a polyvinylchloride-based material called plastisol was introduced as a covering material for hand splints. Since then this process has been used both experimentally and clinically at the Univer sity of Michigan Medical Center. The effectiveness of a plastisol covering on hand splints led us to in vestigate the use of this material on other items such as back braces and leg-brace bands. Our first coating formulation was limited in application because of its high coefficient of friction and uncontrollable density, and the fact that no well-defined criteria for the coating process had been estab lished. However, there remained the desirability of a smooth, encapsulating covering that could be applied simply by dipping the heated brace in the liquid material. Therefore a study was undertaken to characterize plastisol in detail and to perfect the dipping process. The resulting procedure is being effectively used on back braces, leg bands, pelvic bands, mouth sticks, hand splints, and brace straps. Clinical applications over the past five years tend to confirm the usefulness, acceptability, and advantages of this plastic covering.


Panel discussion on 19 May 2019 between the artists Caroline Burraway and Tania Kovats, moderated by Anita Taylor, founding director of the Trinity Buoy Wharf Drawing Prize.


This paper presents error vector magnitude and bit error rate measurements for the transmission of W-CDMA signals over optical fibre. A prototype W-CDMA test system in combination with a directly modulated optical link has been used to establish the maximum input power bounds for penalty free transmission.


Adigital image compression method based on a VQ coding technique is presented in this paper. Genetic algorithm is used to generate a good global optimal codebook. In the genetic algorithm, it is proposed that movable genes be used to improve the computing effect of the algorithm. Both the encoding and decoding have been simulated on a computer and the reconstructed images and experiment results show that the algorithm is reliable. The method may be applied to compression coding for all still images and image sequences. Also the genetic algorithm may be used in other optimal fields.


ABSTRACT Thomas Cranmer's register is important in shedding valuable shafts of light on the nature of the episcopal office in Tudor England. Despite the government's break with Rome in the 1530s, much of the archbishop's routine administration continued unaltered. Nonetheless, there were profound changes in Cranmer's role. Royal commissions, proclamations, injunctions, letters missive and acts of parliament all served to modify Cranmer's position as principal minister of the king's spiritual estate. When the crown issued a commission to the archbishop for the exercise of his jurisdiction, the prelate's position as a royal official was clear for all to see. It is sure, however, that the impact of Christian humanism and reformed theology also did much to shape Cranmer's work. The enforcement of the English Litany and, most notably, of the 42 Articles reveal the changing nature of the episcopal office at this time. In contrast to received orthodoxy, it is now clear that the bishops mounted a widespread campaign at the end of Edward VI's brief reign to secure use of this reformed formulary. There can be little doubt that Thomas Cranmer's years at Canterbury were of great significance in reshaping the role of the episcopate in early modern England.


In this paper we present some of the lessons learnt when using i* and Tropos in the SCORE 2009 competition (Student Contest on Software Engineering Contest). During the development of the BTW-UFPE Project we had to address several challenges, including: limitations of modeling notation, ensuring the quality of the intentional models, transition from requirements to architecture description as well as from architecture description to detailed design. Moreover, we identified the need to deal with intentional and domain variability in i* models and the lack of appropriate tool support. In this paper we also present some of the ongoing research which is aimed at addressing some of the identified challenges.


O-phthalic acid is a kind of important pollutant, which accumulates in the environment with the extensive use of plastics and other products. Meanwhile, phthalic acid is one of the high content of allelopathic autotoxic substances secreted by tobacco. The accumulation of phthalic acid in soil is an important cause of tobacco continuous cropping effect. In order to degrade phthalic acid accumulated in environment, the barrier effect of tobacco continuous cropping caused by phthalic acid accumulation in soil can be removed. A strain capable of degrading phthalic acid was isolated from sludge of sewage treatment plant and compared with 16 s DNA. The homology between this strain and Enterobacter sp. is 99%. The optimum growth conditions are as follows: pH7 at 30°C, 500 mg/L of o-phthalic acid, inoculation concentration ≥ 1.2% and its highest degradation rate of o-phthalic acid is 74%. The results of pot experiment showed that the degradation efficiency of o-phthalic acid in soil was about 40%, which alleviated the inhibitory effect of o-phthalic acid accumulation on tobacco growth.


Using data on US multinational enterprises (MNEs) outward foreign direct investment (FDI) between 2000 and 2009, this paper aims to investigate the relationship between corporate tax rate and FDI in developing countries, and contrast the differences in regional corporate tax rates in order to reveal an asymmetry between developed and developing countries. This paper identifies the nature and the relationship between the four independent variables (GDP, trade openness, statutory corporate tax and distance) and U.S. outwards FDI in developing countries. The results indicate that (i) FDI is strongly and positively correlated to market size as well as to trade openness in both types of host countries - developing and developed countries. Also, FDI is inversely correlated to the distance between home and host developed countries, but no significant relationship between home and host developing countries. (ii) US MNEs are negatively influenced by the level of statutory corporate tax rates in host developing countries.


The invention discloses a separation and purification method of amino glycerol. An amino glycerol reaction solution after removal of lower boiling point substances is adopted as a starting material, an entrainer is added into the starting material, and the starting material and the entrainer are mixed evenly then are added into a kettle bottom of a rectification tower. The kettle bottom is heated, vacuum rectification is carried out in the rectification tower having a theoretical plate number of more than 20 and having absolute vacuum degree of 1 kPa-50 kPa and the controlled reflux ratio of 1-10:1, and an amino glycerol pure product having a purity of more than 99% is obtained through collecting of distillate head, standing and taking of a lower-layer solution after phase separation. The method has the characteristics of simple operation technology, recyclable solvents, purification products of high purity, good chrominance and high yield.


Condensation of ethylferrocne with methyl levulinate was carried out in cyclohexane and catalyzed by PPA-H 2SO 4-CH 3OH to give methyl 4,4-bis(ethylferrocenyl) pentanate with conversion of 73% and the yield of 84%. The suitable reagent compositions obtained through orthogonal factorization method were 55 mmol ethyferrocene, 75 mmol methyl levulinate, 3 0 mL concentrated H 2SO 4, 20 mL cyclohexane and 11 mL of methanol. The structures of the compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and 13 C NMR.


The presentation of the physical properties of a protein sequence graphically along its primary structure (e.g., hydropathy plot) can play a vital role in understanding the function of a protein (Hofman & Stoffel, 1992; Combat et al., 2000). In the past, different parameters pasy.ch/tools/#primary to compute and present the physical properties of amino acid sequences graphically (Wilkins et al., 1998). Each Web server allows limited analysis on protein sequence, and none of the existing servers allows the user to plot the amino acid properties along the sequence alignment. The alignment of protein sequences is a central aid in understanding the function of a protein. A number of programs have been developed to beautify/analyze the alignment of proteins, for example, ALSCRIPT, AMAS, and SOMAP (Barton, 1990, 1993). Recently, Easy Sequencing in Postscript (ESPript) has been developed to format the multiple alignment in postscript (Gouet et al., 1999). The existing methods do not allow for the computation and presentation of the physiochemical properties of amino acids at each position in alignment. This paper describes a Web server called Protein Sequence Analysis Web Server (PSAweb) that has been developed for analysis of protein sequences and alignments in the tradition of PROFILEGRAPH, ALSCRIPT, and AMAS. This server provides a number of additional features that are not available in existing programs/servers. This report describes the applications of our server.


The present invention discloses an integrated circuit chip, a number of modular units, the chip comprises a first module unit, a first metal layer, which comprises at least two power supply lines independent of each other. The chip also includes a second module unit and placed in the first module unit, but also the first metal layer, which comprises at least two power supply lines independent of each other. Wherein all of said power supply line, for the first metal layer of the first module unit used is not extending to the second modular unit, and in all the power lines of the first metal layer for use in the second module unit It does not extend to the first module unit.


Local tissues are best suited for lip reconstruction. The defect following cancer resection is often significant where standard methods are often suboptimal. Here we are presenting 3 such cases. Case 1, a 65 years old male post squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) resection with 50% defect of lower lip and a commissure, reconstructed with Estlander flap and a unilateral Karapandzik flap on opposite side. Case 2, a 35 years old male had a similar kind of defect, reconstructed with Estlander flap and step-plasty on opposite side. Case 3, a 70 years old female with 80% central lower lip defect post SCC resection, was reconstructed with bilateral Karapandzik flaps and an Abbe flap. Considering the significant size defect, all cases healed quite satisfactorily. They maintained their oral competence with negligent microstomia. The hybrid principle of combining various reconstructive techniques is highly recommended for major lip defects.


Seminal vesicle F gene, encoding an androgen-regulated serine-rich structural protein of the rat copulatory plug, has been sequenced together with 5' and 3' flanking regions. The intron/exon arrangement of the gene deduced from restriction maps was confirmed. The major and possible minor transcriptional start points were located by primer extension analysis and S1 nuclease mapping. A published nucleotide sequence for seminal vesicle S gene which also encodes an androgen-regulated protein of the copulatory plug has been extended to allow comparison of F and S genes. The considerable sequence homology between the two genes confirms their evolutionary relatedness. Homology is especially high in their promoter regions and their transcriptional start points are identical. They share several regions of dyad symmetry including one just upstream of the promoter. The upstream regions of F and S genes were compared with those of five other androgen-responsive rodent genes in an attempt to identify common sequence motifs that might be involved in hormonal regulation of gene expression.


The influence of Dy substitution for Nd on magnetic properties, temperature characteristics, and microstructure of (FeCo)NdB magnets has been studied. The Dy appears mainly in the tetragonal matrix phase and in the Nd‐rich phase. The Dy in the tetragonal matrix phase increases the anisotropy, and twin boundaries and convoluted grain boundaries appear. These phenomena appear to be related to the increase in coercivity. In addition to the Nd(FeCo)2 (Laves) phase in the alloys with high Co and Dy content, a new phase (NdDy)(CoFe)5.2 appears. This phase causes coercivity to decrease, but may improve the temperature coefficient of the alloys.


ZnRE (RE= La and Ce) intermetallics were investigated with respect to their electronic properties using first principles tight binding linear muffin tin orbital method. Electronic band structures, partial and total densities of states have been derived. The band structures show metallic character; the conductivity is mostly governed by Zn-3d and RE-4f states. The thermodynamical properties like Debye temperature and Gruneisen constant are estimated using Debye-Gruneisen (DG) model. The value of Debye temperature is calculated to be 193 K for ZnLa and 191 K for ZnCe. The Co-efficient of electronic heat capacity is also estimated and discussed. It is found to be 4.97 mJ/K2mol for ZnLa and 29.29 mJ/K2mol for ZnCe in calculations. The estimation of cohesive energy revealed the bond strength between Zn and RE. These estimated values are found to be 753.6 KJ/mol and 812.5 KJ/mol for ZnLa and ZnCe, respectively.


Ravenna viaduct spans a major route of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad. Approximately 60 trains per day pass under the bridge. There are very tight restrictions on the vertical clearance above the tracks, the horizontal distance to any pier, and the amount of time rail traffic can be interrupted. The bridge is 174 ft. long to span over 6 sets of rail tracks, two main lines and four sidings. Since this section of track is a major route for the railroad, the amount of time the tracks can be closed is limited to a few hours, and only a limited number of closures. Maintaining the existing road grade and providing the required vertical clearance above the railroad tracks limited the depth of the structure to 35 in. The old bridge was scheduled to be replaced because it was structurally deficient and functionally obsolete. The vertical clearance above the tracks was less than 23 ft, the horizontal clearance from the pier to the track was less than 13 ft, and the horizontal clearance at the south abutment was 8.5 ft to the track. In addition, the railroad wanted additional space on the south side to extend two side tracks through the bridge opening. The grade coming off the bridge to the north was 7% and touchdown was at the south end of town's main street. To solve all these concerns, a bridge with a long span and a very shallow superstructure depth was needed. The answer appeared to be a truss or a tied arch. This paper report presents a practical solution for the clearance limitation through utilizing a unique arch bridge system. The report describes in detail the rapid construction sequencing, and the laboratory tests performed at the University of Nebraska to clarify some of the design issues that the designers were facing. This prefabricated developed system is suitable for accelerated construction, as well as the constraint of working over live main railroad tracks.


We have investigated the threshold of photodetachment of Li{sup {minus}} leading to the formation of the residual Li atom in the 2{ital p}{sup 2}{ital P} state. The excited residual atom was selectively photoionized via an intermediate Rydberg state and the resulting Li{sup +} ion was detected. A collinear laser-ion beam geometry enabled both high resolution and sensitivity to be attained. We have demonstrated the potential of this state-selective photodetachment spectroscopic method by improving the accuracy of Li electron affinity measurements an order of magnitude. From a fit to the Wigner law in the threshold region, we obtained a Li electron affinity of 0.618049(20) eV. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Concrete has been criticized more recently because of the greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide) emissions it produces in the cement portland production process. With these considerations, a new concrete binder called geopolymer concrete was developed. One of the materials used in the manufacture of geopolymer concrete is fly ash. Using fly ash as a substitute for cement is considered to be able to preserve the environment and reduce development costs. In this study, the specimen used was cylindrical, with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm. The concrete compressive strength test was carried out at the age of 28 days. Variations in concrete testing include: Test the strength of the concrete on the variation of the binder ratio: coarse aggregate of 20%:80%, 25%:75%, 30%:70%, 35%:75% 40%:60% and the variation of stirring time 5 minutes, 7.5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes. From the test results, it can be concluded that the optimum mixing time for the concrete mix is 7.5 minutes. If it is less than 7.5 minutes it will result in less than maximum binder binding power. And if the mixing time is more than 7.5 minutes it will decrease the adhesion of the binder. Regarding the variation of concrete on the amount of use of fly ash, it can be concluded that the higher the fly ash content, there is a tendency for low compressive strength, this is due to the influence of the water content used in the mixture is obtained based on the weight of fly ash in each variation. So if the weight of fly ash is higher, the water demand will also be higher and it will result in too dilute fresh concrete, so that the compressive strength of the concrete decreases.


is obtainedfrom variousprocessing and cleanup steps Previously, the importanthardwarefeatures and within the processing gloveboxes and may be capabilities for the Multiple Assay Dual Analysis packagedin containersranging from small cans upto Measurement (MADAM) system were reported. 55 gal. drums.LLWis derived from locations outside MADAM is a combined low-level and transuranic the gioveboxes wherecontaminationis expected to be waste assay system. The system integrated light. Both solid waste categories receive commercially available Segmented Gamma Scanner nondestructive analysis (NDA) to determine (SGS) capi_bilitytogether with multienergy x-rayand radioactivecontent.Forlow bulk density materials(< gamma-ray analysis to measure these two waste 0.25 g/cc) such as paper, plastics, ash, powders, etc, forms. In addition, the system incorporateda small the analyses areperformedusing x-ray or gamma-ray neutronslab detector to satisfy safeguards concerns analyticalmethods. Denser materials, such as metals, and high resolution gamma-ray isotopics analysis leadedgloves, and some plutoniumsaltsaremeasured proficiency. Since delivery of the system to this with passive or active neutroncounteranalysis. facility, an evaluation of its low-level waste In general, measurements of low-density LLW i measurement performance has been conducted using utilizea combined L x-ray and gamma-rayanalysis in a set of specially constructed NIST-traceable whichthe contributionsfromZ3SU, ='Pu, 239Pu, 2*1Am, standards. The evaluation studied existing analysis andfission productsare collected, then addedtogether algorithms, matrix and attenuation effects, source to determine the total activity in the waste_._.Because positionas a function of detectorresponse, instrument this technique does not correct formatrix attenuation _tability, and sensitivity. Based on these studies, or self absorption effects, it is suitable only for low several modifications to the existing analysis bulkdensitymateriaiswithdiffusecontaminationsof algorithms have been performed, new correction plutonium or uranium. The sample is rotated and factors formatrixattenuationhave been devised, and vertically scanned before a single Nal detector to measurement error estimateshavebeen calculatedand smooth the spatialresponse of the signal. Correlation incorporated into the software. This report discusses factors for nongamma_rayemitting species may be the resultsof the evaluationprogramand the software incorporated into the software to account for modifications that have been developed, radioactive species not directly detected by the instrumentI. This analytical method provides high INTRODUCTION sensitivity and reasonable accuracy for low-density The Plutonium Facility at Los Alamos National materials. However, the method has several Laboratory(LANL) is a U.S. nationaldefense facility limitations. First, it is generally insensitive to involved in the recovery and processing of plutonium unknown radioactive contaminants. That is, and other transuranic elements. Wastes are routinely contaminants such as 23_Np,2_3Am,or 2'_Cm,which generated from many stages of pyrochemicai and areoften associated with plutonium processing, may aqueous processing of plutonium, and uranium and not be revealed with this method. Failure to detect plutonium fuels fabrication. The processing steps their presencecan lead to significant underestimation generate a wide variety of leaner scrap and waste of the total activity in the waste. A second limitation forms, such as plutoniumoxide from burnedresidues, in the method concerns its susceptibility to density Pu-bearingsalts from production/reductionand metal variationsin the waste. Inthe past, matrixattenuation purificationprocesses, impure plutoniummetal, metal of the gamma-ray and x-ray signals in low-density reductionslags, ash, ceramics,cleaning rags, plastics, LLW has been discounted as a relatively minor HEPA filters, and other remnants and apparatus constituent in the overall measurement uncertainty. generated from processing and cleanup tasks. Solid Typically, a standard with the same density as the wastes created from this processing are divided into average LLW density has been used to calibrate the two broad categories: transuranic waste (TRU) instrument. However, as the variability in waste containing greaterthan 100nCi/g and low-level waste matrix types has grown and come under increasingly (LLW) containing less than this amount. TRU waste stringentregulatory requirements for more accurate measurements of LLW, corrections for matrix transuranic waste containers. Its footprint is attenuation effects have become necessary. A third approximately 5 ft by 5 ft, although the dewar for the limitation on existing x-ray and gamma-rayanalysis of HPGe detector protrudes an additional 18 in. on one LLW relates to the inability of these instruments to side. All power supplies, amplifiers, counter/timers, detect plutonium concealed within photon shielding motion controllers, and other electronic modules are materials. Here, the concern is not that the radioactive housed in one standard 180cm high by 56 cm wide by content in the waste will be underestimated as 76 cm deep NIM cabinet. The computer, printer, and discussed above; but rather that comparatively large keyboard are separately mounted on an adjacent 24 quantities of plutonium (10s of grams) may be in. by 24 in. desk. concealed within gamma-ray shielding materials such At this facility, low level waste is normally that they are invisible to the detector. For example, packaged in 1 ft by 1 ft by 2 ft cardboard boxes. The significant amounts of plutonium could becontained new instrument is capable of measuring waste within relatively thin lead shielding, thereby packaged in these containers; and, in addition, can presenting a diversion scenario of significant accommodate LLW contained in 30-gal. and 55-gal. prorortions to safeguards analysts. At present, this drums. The measurement time for the cardboard boxes vulnerability must be addressed by additional is 2 min. The instrument is programmed to directly safeguards measurements before the waste items leave measure 235U, 238pu, 2391}ll, 241Am,and fission products the facility, using a single 5 in. diam by 2 in. long Nal detector To surmount these limitations on x-ray and optically coupled to a photomultiplier tube. Shielding gamma-ray measurements of waste, a new instrument around the detector consists of a specially fitted 1.75 has been developed jointly by personnel at the LANL in.-thick lead cover surrounding the sides, head, and Plutonium Facility and Canberra Industries, Inc. From back of the NaI crystal, except where the 2.0 in.-wide the same measurement platform, the instrument can vertical collimatorallows x-ray and gamma-ray access operate in either an SGS mode to analyze TRU waste from the sample. The collimator permits the entire and leaner residues or can be used in a multienergy length of the LLW container to be viewed throughout analysis mode to measure LLW. In the multienergy the measurement. This collimator arrangement, plus analysis mode, the software inspects the 235U,238Pu, rotational and vertical scanning, permits smoothing of 239pu, 241Am, and fission product gamma-ray and x-ray the detector's spatial response to the waste package. spectral regions with the Nal detector as indicated The LLW measurement electronics, consisting of a above, and additionally performs gamma-ray isotopics preamplifier/discriminator, amplifier, high voltage analysis using a high resolution detector. In addition, power supply, scaler, and Canberra System 100 MCA a neutron counter measurement simultaneously board, form an independent, stand-alone unit that examines the waste for the presence of radioactive controls only the LLW measurements. Periodic materials that may be shielded from the gamma-ray measurements of a shuttered _33Basource mounted to analyses. A capability for high-resolution gamma-ray the platform provide gain and intensity control for the isotopic analysis for detection of contaminants has detector. Table 1 contains a summary of the major also been included with the system. A series of test components in the LLW measurement system. measurements has been performed to determine In addition to the NaI detector platform, the instrument sensitivity, matrix and geometry effects, system is also capable of performing gamma-ray stability, and a more realistic assessment of the isotopic analysis of LLW containers using a coaxial measurement uncertainty. HPGe detector. For LLW measurements, this detector This paper will first describe the hardware and has a specially fitted, 2.0 in.-wide vertical collimator, software components of the waste analysis system in which allows the entire length and width of the more detail. The description includes all major container to be viewed by the detector. The purpose of revisions to current commercially available LLW the high-resolution measurement is to detect measurement system counterparts. Then the software unexpected contaminants in the waste. An analytical changes and test results will be discussed. Lastly, a balance, calibrated from 0 to 30 kg, is also connected brief review of future studies that are planned to test to the system computer in order to calculate the additional system parameters will be presented, activity per unit gram of waste. Finally, a small 1 fiby 1 ft by 4 in.-wide neutron slab counter, containing four SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 8 in.-Iong 3Hedetectors surrounded by polyethylene, The frame for the new instrument was taken from operates duringLLWmeasurements.The amplifier for an old SGS unit that was decommissioned and this counter is internally mounted. The amplifier retrofitted to accommodate both low-level and converts the output of the 3He tubes to a TTL pulse train directed to the counter/timer which, in turn, is measurements and to apply an error estimate to the interfaced to the co


I make no apology for my allegiance to the Neologistic Typographical school of philosophy. I could, I admit, wish my new terminology more euphonious; but I hope its ugliness may be excused for the sake of the way it wears its sense on its sleeve. Foundationalism and coherentism are not exhaustive of possible styles of theory of epistemic justification. This is just as well, for neither will do. Coherentism cannot allow the relevance of experience to empirical justification; foundationalism can allow it only by way of the thesis that there are some beliefs which are justified exclusively by experience and not at all by the support of other beliefs, and which constitute the ultimate grounds of all other justified beliefs. Foundherentism is an intermediate theory which (unlike coherentism) allows the relevance of experience but (unlike experientialist foundationalism) requires neither privileged beliefs justified exclusively by experience nor an essentially one-directional notion of evidential support.' Like foundationalist theories of an experientialist stripe, foundherentism faces the objection that, since there can be only causal and not logical relations between a subject's experiences and his beliefs, experience cannot be relevant to justification. The objection rests on the false assumption that justification is a purely logical concept.2 The foundherentist theory developed will be a double-aspect theory, combining causal and evaluative elements. I make no apology for doing epistemology, nor for doing it by way of an investigation of the concept of justification. It is held in some quarters that the issues of the epistemological tradition are misconceived, and should be abandoned or replaced.3 This fashionable cynicism has been encouraged by a


spring 2007 ident dispensary (Charles nankivell), her stepson's father-in-law (southwood smith), a friend's husband (Eugene Bodichon)" (3). The list goes on, and the notion that any one character might draw on "twenty or more recognizable originals" (8) is dizzying, leading to methodological questions. is this approach really more valuable than the old hunt for originals? Even if such speculative claims illuminate Eliot's creative process, do they change the way we read and interpret these characters? Aware that her method "has not yet shed its suggestions of frivolity," she argues that it nevertheless yields "fresh implications about creative method and biography" (12). Eliot dismissed contemporaries claiming to be originals for her characters: "We are all apt to forget how little there is about us that is unique, and how very strongly we resemble many other insignificant people who have lived before us" (The George Eliot Letters, ii 376). A character like Lydgate, for instance, is unique but also typical of one who has lost track of his original goals and ambitions. George Eliot's English Travels insists that when reading Eliot's fiction we pay attention to her experiences of the diverse landscapes and local cultures of victorian England. McCormack announces her plans to publish a sequel on Eliot's European travels. This should give her an opportunity to rethink the implications of her (no doubt enjoyable) research and perhaps to theorize more fully Eliot's own complex understanding of the relationship between fact and fiction, original and type. Nancy Henry Binghamton University, State University of New York


Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), produced by marine organisms, represents the most abundant, biogenic sulfur emission into the Earth´s atmosphere. The gas-phase degradation of DMS is mainly initiated by the reaction with the OH radical forming first CH3SCH2O2 radicals from the dominant H-abstraction channel. It is experimentally shown that these peroxy radicals undergo a two-step isomerization process finally forming a product consistent with the formula HOOCH2SCHO. The isomerization process is accompanied by OH recycling. The rate-limiting first isomerization step, CH3SCH2O2  CH2SCH2OOH, followed by O2 addition, proceeds with k = (0.23 ± 0.12) s-1 at 295 ± 2 K. Competing bimolecular CH3SCH2O2 reactions with NO, HO2 or RO2 radicals are less important for trace-gas conditions over the oceans. Results of atmospheric chemistry simulations demonstrate the predominance (≧95%) of CH3SCH2O2 isomerization. The rapid peroxy radical isomerization, not yet considered in models, substantially changes the understanding of DMS´s degradation processes in the atmosphere.


This article reports key findings from a 2-1/2-year mixed methodological study of professional learning communities, the first of its kind in England. In particular, the concept of effectiveness is explored as it relates to professional learning communities. We describe three ways in which effectiveness can be construed, arguing that any comprehensive assessment of professional learning community effectiveness by school leaders needs to identify and attend to all three aspects.


Summary This paper examines how population grouping could affect a regression analysis of survey data. The assumptions underlying various models are compared and appropriate estimators are derived. Some empirical results are presented which provide evidence for the need to take account of grouping when fitting regression models.


In this manuscript we reassess the potential of interacting dark matter-dark energy models in solving the Hubble constant tension. These models have been proposed but also questioned as possible solutions to the H 0 problem. Here we examine several interacting scenarios against cosmological observations, focusing on the important role played by the calibration of Supernovae data. In order to reassess the ability of interacting dark matter-dark energy scenarios in easing the Hubble constant tension, we systematically confront their theoretical predictions using a prior on the Supernovae Ia absolute magnitude M B , which has been argued to be more robust and certainly less controversial than using a prior on the Hubble constant H 0 . While some data combinations do not show any preference for interacting dark sectors and in some of these scenarios the clustering σ 8 tension worsens, interacting cosmologies with a dark energy equation of state w < − 1 are preferred over the canonical ΛCDM picture even with CMB data alone and also provide values of σ 8 in perfect agreement with those from weak lensing surveys. Future cosmological surveys will test these exotic dark energy cosmologies by accurately measuring the dark energy equation of state and its putative redshift evolution.


We introduce a new numerical method, based on rigorous perturbative techniques, for the calculation of the patterns of electromagnetic scattering produced by bounded obstacles. As preliminary examples show, our method can lead to results of good accuracy in a wide variety of challenging problems involving large scatterers.


This article investigates the nature and the salient features of international trade between Greece and her major trading partner Germany. The analysis inspired by the classical theory of value and distribution and using input–output data spanning the period 1995–2011 shows that the German economy possesses absolute cost advantage in its trade with Greece which gives rise to unequal exchange in the sense of transfers of labour values from Greece to Germany.


Network-assisted full-duplex (NAFD) distributed massive multiple-input–multiple-output (M-MIMO) enables the in-band full-duplex with existing half-duplex devices at the network level, which exceptionally improves spectral efficiency. This article analyzes the impact of low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) on NAFD distributed M-MIMO and designs an efficient bit allocation algorithm for low-resolution ADCs. The beamforming training mechanism relieves the heavy pilot overhead for channel estimation, which remarkably enhances the system performance by guiding the interference cancellation and coherence detection. Furthermore, closed-form expressions for spectral and energy efficiency with low-resolution ADCs are derived. The multiobjective optimization problem for spectral and energy efficiency is solved by the deep Q network and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II. The simulation results corroborate the theoretical derivation and verify the effectiveness of introducing low-resolution ADCs in NAFD distributed M-MIMO systems. Meanwhile, a set of Pareto-optimal solutions for ADC accuracy flexibly provide guidelines for deploying in a practical NAFD distributed M-MIMO system.


With improvement of PET quality, the color of PET is required to be controlled. But the mechanism model of PET color is uot so clear. Iu this paper, a modeling method of color values (B*) is introduced. It is based on sparse pseudo-input gaussiau process. Online correction is added to the modeling based on sliding time window. Comparing to support vector regression, the model using gaussiau process gives both prediction and predictive variance. The results show that B* value model using gaussiau process is more flexible and can be used in real process.


In order to explore the range and quality of the knowledge in physical education of the lod people in the area of Guangzhou,this paper makes sampling survey in 923 old persons in this area through the method combining quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis.To the survey result,this paper analysis firstly the option of the value outlook of the physical education of the old people,selects six comprehensive major factors such as the comprehensive effect of health,the health pursue and the frequent body_building,and then analysis four common features which accumulate in the value outlook of the physical education of the old people in this area.In order to strengthen the scientific value outlook in the old people and collect the deviation psychology which the old people have easily,this paper raises several effective coutermeasure.


Phanerochaete chrysosporium powder,cultured with the usual liquid culture medium of Aspergillus niger,is lyophilized and ground to 180μm,and then is used to absorb Cr(Ⅵ) in wastewater.The study reviewed the effects of pH values,absorption time and pre treat-ment to the absorption of Cr(Ⅵ) with P.chrysosporium in wastewater.According to the linear conversion between final concentration of heavy metals and absorption capacity under different initial concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ),Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models can well describe the absorpion of Cr(Ⅵ) with P.chrysosporium powder.The native P.chrysosporium and P.chrysosporium absorbed Cr(Ⅵ) are examined by infrared spectroscopy.After the absorption,the major components and the structure of P.chrysosporium remained intact.


A.-Nothing is known about the immunization of the foetus when the mother is immunized with live smallpox vaccine at any stage in pregnancy, although some transfer of antibody across the placenta might be expected to occur. Recent publications,` however, have emphasized the possible danger to the foetus if the mother is vaccinated against smallpox during early or mid-pregnancy. Unless the indications for vaccinating the mother are very strong indeed it is wiser to avoid vaccination against smallpox at any time during pregnancy. The second part of the question cannot be answered because no information about this exists. It is, however, a subject of current research, although results are not likely to come rapidly.


Visual markers are widely used in indoor marker-based positioning systems to achieve higher speed and accurate positioning performance. However, the classic mark identification methods have certain limitations when encountering complex conditions. Especially, if the marker's boundary is blocked, it is almost impossible to identify the marker. In this paper, we redefine the identification task to a classification task based on CNN method. We also do some image transformations to create the dataset for our task. We train our dataset by transfer learning based on Google's Inception-V3 CNN model. The experimental results show that the classification method can handle the boundary occlusion problem well, which is also proved to be useful for other complex conditions.


Sufu is one of the traditional fermented soybean products in China.It is very popular by its delicious flavor and rich nourishment.Because of its multitude procedures and microorganisms,there is lots of problems in controlling sufu quality,and the crystalline components is one of them.The crystalline component is colorless monoclinic crystal which appears on the surface of sufu or suspends in the soup.In this paper,the crystalline components which influence the appearance of sufu were investigated by qualitative and quantitative analysis.It showed that ammonium,magnesium ion and phosphate group were contained in the crystalline component,and the content of them was 9.33%,15.80% and 21.21%,respectively.As a result,the composition was determined as magnesium ammonium phosphate.


During the 2020–2021 school year, a Bartlesville (Oklahoma, USA) High School student engaged in a science, technology, engineering, and math science fair project. It was inspired by a past science fair project published in The Leading Edge in November 2019. The goal of the project is to determine if a 3D seismic survey could be designed to provide even fold in the heart of an ocean-bottom node (OBN) seismic survey for converted waves with sources and receivers at different elevations. Much of the work involves the derivation of a generalized set of equations that predict the required bin size and expected fold for a given 3D OBN seismic survey design. Once the equations are established, a set of seismic survey design tests are conducted to determine if the equations are valid.


Implicit in past studies of recruitment is the assumption that all new recruits possess the same capacity for juvenile growth, and that observed variation in juvenile growth and survival is due entirely to spatial and temporal variation in food availability, magnitude of physical stresses, and intensity of competition and predation. We set out to determine if daily larval cohorts of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides differ in mean physiological quality and, therefore, in their potential for recruiting to adult populations. To assess larval physiological quality, we measured the organic content of nonfeeding cyprid larvae attaching on five dates (10–15 d intervals) during the 1995 recruitment season. Juvenile physiological quality was determined by monitoring the growth, under controlled laboratory conditions, of individuals attaching on seven dates (3–15 d intervals) during the same season. Both cyprid organic content and juvenile growth capacity differed significantly among daily cohorts. We suggest that variation in cyprid organic content may explain previous observations of temporal variation in cyprid metamorphic success and early juvenile mortality and further suggest that variation in juvenile growth capacity contributes to differences in recruitment success of daily cohorts.


Aim: To compare the clinical and radiographic effectiveness of chitosan and formocresol as pulpotomy medicaments in primary molars. Methods: Children of age 4-8 years old, who were physically and mentally healthy without any known medical history of systemic conditions contraindicating pulp therapy with at least one deep carious primary molars indicated for pulpotomy, were recruited. Pulpotomies were performed on 64 teeth divided into 2 groups, Group A (chitosan) and Group B (formocresol), followed by stainless steel crowns. Evaluation of clinical and radiological success was done at 1, 3 and 6 months follow up. Chi Square Test was used to compare the clinical and radiological parameters between study groups at different time intervals (p < 0.05) Results: Clinical success rate in both groups was 96.6% and radiographic success rate in chitosan was 96.6%, but formocresol was 89.6%. Conclusions: Chitosan was found to be an effective medicament for pulpotomy in primary molars. While chitosan also showed improved success rate compared to formocresol, it was not statistically significant.


Religion was treated as something that was almost independent of society, influencing people and altering their values, desires and behavior. The development of individualism within expressions of religious belief. It must be remembered, however, that individualist ideas were also developed by people struggling against the influence of religion. The Enlightenment was as much about science as it was about freedom. From the 17th century onwards, a fundamental distinction was made between modern and traditional, rational and irrational, scientific and superstitious styles of thought. The Enlightenment can be regarded as a tradition only insofar as 'tradition' refers to opposition on the part of Enlightenment thinkers prevailing conditions and relations.Keywords: individualism; religion; science


It is well known that automatic control of any process implies continuous or periodic monitoring of the process parameters. In ore dressing mills and metallurgical plants such parameters may include composition of the feedstock, fluxes, reagents, intermediate products, finished products, final tailings, and waste water. Usually this information is obtained from the automated analytical monitoring system (AAMS) in which the main component is the pneumo-transportation system of the automatic representative test sample delivery for an assay. The automatic capsule charging/discharging stations are the primary components of this system and define its general performance. The article dwells upon the up-to-date issues of the automatic microprocessor-based diagnosis of the robotic mechanisms and devices which are a part of the pneumatic sample capsule transportation for an assay with the maximum use of automatic control devices.


ATP8B1 deficiency is an autosomal recessive liver disease caused by mutations in the ATP8B1 gene. Clinical symptoms range from intermittent (benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis; BRIC) to progressive intrahepatic cholestasis (progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis; PFIC). Medical therapy of the more severe phenotype (PFIC) is rarely effective, necessitating invasive therapies like liver transplantation. For this group of patients, the development of new treatment options, including targeted compounds for mutation-specific therapy, is essential. In this thesis, total biliary diversion was introduced as a safe and effective symptomatic treatment option for certain patients with severe ATP8B1 deficiency. In addition, aberrant pre-messenger RNA splicing was established as one of the underlying disease mechanisms of ATP8B1 deficiency and we demonstrated that modified U1 small nuclear RNAs are able to rescue several of these splicing defects very efficiently in vitro. Furthermore, we identified six compounds that could rescue the defective plasma membrane targeting of p.I661T-ATP8B1 in vitro. With the data presented in this thesis important steps were taken towards a more personalized treatment strategy for ATP8B1 deficiency.


The presence of regulations that regulate the increase in the age of children fails to prevent child marriage. However, the existence of a community with an adequate child protection system has been able to prevent child marriage. This study aims to analyse the model developed by the community and the background to the emergence of community initiatives in efforts to prevent child marriage. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. Data was obtained by interviewing Reje Kampung, community facilitators, and NGO program officers. The research was conducted in Bener Meriah Regency. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively by selecting relevant data and then describing it systematically. The results showed that the model for preventing child marriage was carried out by forming a Cadre of Friends of Women and Children (SAPA), which is responsible for disseminating child protection issues. Second, establish a children's forum at the gampong level as a pioneer and reporter for child protection that continues to report on any incidents that affect children. Third, formulate regulations and policies in the village as guidelines for the community. The emergence of a child marriage prevention community was due to support from PKPM Aceh on the basis of support from UNICEF, which strengthened the issue of child protection from the roots (community) from 2022–2023. The community is strengthened by the issue of child protection and trains SAPA Cadres as the spearhead of fulfilling the rights of women and children in the village.


Introducing a formal derivation between gross manufacturing profits and currency swings, this paper seeks to reconcile previous empirical market-based approaches and microfounded theoretical models in their quest to resolve the exchange-rate exposure puzzle. This approach delivers a theoretical time-varying and firm-specific operating exposure that is the sensitivity of operating profits to exchange-rate fluctuations which depends on both the firm's characteristics and the features of the product markets where it sources its inputs and sells its output. Consistent with the preliminary works of Clarida (1997) and Campa and Goldberg (1999), this microfounded exposure implies that all firms are subject to exchange-rate fluctuations that impact both their export and domestic revenues through a price-volume effect and/or a translation effect depending on the extent of their pass-through as well as their inputs costs. Using a sample of french manufacturing firm-level data over the 1999-2007 period, the second part of this paper implements this theoretical exposure. This allows to assess the sensitivity of firms' operating cash-flows directly, contrasting with market-based approaches that rather examine exposure by studying how a firms' market value responds to changes in exchange rates. This also implies that we are able to assess the relative magnitude of the operating exposure channels for all firms in the economy, which can be a valuable tool for managers and policy-makers trying to determine and manage exposure. ∗LEDa-SDFi, Université de Paris-Dauphine, email@example.com


Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, e-cigarettes) are increasingly used for the self-administration of nicotine by various human populations, including previously nonsmoking adolescents. Studies in preclinical models are necessary to evaluate health impacts of ENDS including the development of nicotine addiction, effects of ENDS vehicles, flavorants, co-administered psychoactive substances such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and physical device properties. This study was conducted to validate a rat model useful for the study of nicotine effects delivered by inhalation of vapor created by ENDS. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N=8) were prepared with radiotelemetry devices for the reporting of temperature and activity. Experimental studies subjected rats to inhalation of vapor generated by a electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) adapted for rodent studies. Inhalation conditions included vapor generated by the propylene glycol (PG) vehicle, Nicotine (1, 10, 30 mg/mL in the PG), THC (12.5, 25 mg/mL). Nicotine inhalation increased spontaneous locomotion and decreased body temperature of rats. Pretreatment with the nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist mecamylamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented locomotor effects of nicotine vapor inhalation and attenuated the hypothermic response. Combined inhalation of nicotine and THC resulted in apparently independent effects which were either additive (hypothermia) or opposed (activity). These studies provide evidence that ENDS delivery of nicotine via inhalation results in nicotine-typical effects on spontaneous locomotion and thermoregulation in male rats. Effects were blocked by a nicotinic antagonist, demonstrating mechanistic specificity. This system will therefore support additional studies of the contribution of atomizer/wick design, vehicle constituents and/or flavorants to the effects of nicotine administered by ENDS.


Theoretical and experimental investigations made to date at the Ioffe Physico‐technical Institute on ultra‐high temperature thermionic energy converter (TEC) have demonstrated the possibility of significantly increasing the efficiency of such a converter when operating in the Knudsen mode. In the arc mode of inevitable scattering losses make up about 50%. The TEC efficiency rises sharply when operating in high and ultra‐high emitter temperature range (2500 – 3000 K). As a result, it is possible, in principle, to fabricate a TEC with emitter temperature of 2500 – 2600 K and having an efficiency of about 25% and long life. If design and engineering problems are solved, such a TEC in combination with a solar concentrator can be used to serve as a spacecraft power system. It can be also used as a high temperature stage of a terrestrial solar power station. This paper presents some of the features of a Cs‐Ba high emitter temperature TEC and a conceptual design of a 5 kWe solar thermionic power system.


Most discussions of One Health focus on the health of domestic animals and people, and wildlife may be overlooked. In a debate at the BVA Congress at the London Vet Show last month, it was argued that wildlife plays an important role in the health of both people and domestic animals, and should be considered as critical to the One Health approach. Laura Feetham reports


The alkali treatment of kaolinites heated between 400 and 1,000{degree}C has been studied by NMR ({sup 29}Si and {sup 27}Al signals), IR, and x-ray diffraction techniques. The dissolution of kaolinite samples produces Al(OH){sub 4}{sup {minus}} and SiO{sub 4}{sup 4{minus}} species which participate in the zeolite germ formation. The nature of zeolites generated (hydroxysodalite, Na-A, and tetragonal P{sub t}) varies with thermal activation of the starting silicates, but the prolonged leaching of the samples favors the transformation of initially formed phases into the most stable P{sub t} zeolite. The synthesis of this compound (Si/Al > 1) requires the previous polymerization of dissolved silica species, and the amount of incorporated Si depends on the temperature of pretreatment of kaolinite.


The objective of this paper is to develop a program for distortional analysis of steel box girder bridges. This program is formulated by using MSDM(modified slope deflection method). Two examples are carried out to verify the validity of the developed technique and its computation procedures. The analyzed results are compared with the previously proposed methods, BEF(beam on elastic foundation) and EBEF(equivalent beam on elastic foundation). The BEF method is limited only to prismatic straight box girders. In the EBEF method, stiffness of the intermediate diaphragms is infinitely considered. On the other hand, stiffness of the intermediate diaphragms is idealized as spring contant in this study. And then, nonprismatic straight box girders can be analyzed using the same procedure. Therefore, the comparison shows that the MSDM algorithm proposed in this paper is more efficient and reliable. Also parametric studies are perfomed using the proposed algorithm.


Abstract This paper examines real and financial links simultaneously at the regional and global level for a group of Pacific-Basin countries by analysing the covariance of excess returns on national stock markets over the period 1980–1998. We find overwhelming evidence at the regional and global level and for all sub-periods that financial integration is accompanied by economic integration. This seems to suggest that economic integration provides a channel for financial integration, which explains, at least partly, the high degree of financial integration found in this study and in other studies for this region even in the presence of foreign exchange controls. This result has important implications for the use of restrictions to isolate capital markets from world influences.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of enema with yuyangzhengchangfang (YYZCF). Methods Thirty cases with ulcerative colitis were subjected to the enema with YYZCF, which was compared with that with the dexamethasone drug (the control group). Results the total effective rate of treatment group (96.7%) was much higher than that of control group (83.3%). After treatment, the content of serum TNF-α was significantly lower than that of pro-treatment in both groups, and the content of serum TNF-α in treatment was much lower than that in control group. After treatment, CD8 of both groups was lower than that of pre-treatment, CD4 and CD4/CD8 of both groups were remarkably higher than those of pre-treatment. Conclusions the clinical effect of YYZCF is better than that of dexamethasone. The mechanism of the clinical effect is likely to associate with the effect of decrease serum TNF-α and regulation the T-lymphocyte subpopulation.


Australian higher education has historically been influenced by a variety of government agendas seeking to increase the proportion of students from low socioeconomic backgrounds (LSES students). It is generally acknowledged that socioeconomic status makes a difference to who accesses, and subsequently completes, university studies. LSES students may have complex social, economic, and cultural influences that impact on their student experience. Improving access to university for LSES students without ensuring that adequate supports are facilitating their subsequent retention and success is counterproductive. Student Services are non-academic university departments that are designed to build the personal resources of students, thereby aiding their retention and their subsequent success in university. In Australia, while there is some existing research to suggest that non-academic support services make a significant contribution to the student experience, there is little research that analyses the relationship between LSES students and Student Services. This doctoral thesis reports institutional research that aimed to develop a theory that informs Student Services planning and service delivery to LSES students. Using Charmaz's (2006) constructivist approach to grounded theory methodology, 17 LSES students and three staff members were interviewed at three campuses of an Australian regionally headquartered university. Insight was gained into LSES students' experiences of accessing Student Services. Consistent with the explicit purpose of grounded theory to generate substantive theory, this study developed the theory of trusting networks, which was informed by the construction of four categories: needing support; complicating factors; trusting networks; and making success. The emergent substantive theory evolved around what became a core, keystone category, trusting networks. The theory of trusting networks provides an understanding of the processes employed by LSES students to seek support and advice. This theory updates components of Bourdieu's (1997) theory of social capital and its applicability to the Australian 21st century context, particularly LSES students in Australian higher education. This study makes significant contributions to theoretical, practical, and methodological knowledge. The substantive theory that has emerged from this research is an important contribution to the development and enhancement of Student Services in Australia.


The fate and scientific heritage of the outstanding scientist Alkey Khakanovich Margulan is always relevant. The phenomenon of Margulan remains as an example for all people who have dedicated their work to science. The article traces the chronicle of his life path (1904-1985). His parents raised him in a love for his native land, culture, history of the Kazakh people. He was an active, creative person, he communicated with prominent people, also he collaborated with editors of the republic magazine and newspapers. Among the scientific researches, includes the history of Kazakh epics, folklore heritage, oral folk art. In his scientific works, he describes the historical and topographical backgrounds of different places of Kazakhstan. He collected a lot of materials in fieldworks to present them for the next generations. main stages of his scientific activities as the head of the Central Kazakhstan Archaeological Expedition, his contribution to ethnography, philology and other areas of humanitarian science, scientific and public recognition of A. Kh. Margulan as a unique scientist who devoted himself to the study of the history and culture of Kazakhstan. A. Kh. Margulan showed himself as an archeologist, folklorist, literary critic, art historian, orientalist, ethnographer, historian, linguist, cultural studies expert. He was a qualified specialist in the study of ancient Kazakh history and culture.


Wild plaice from two locations were examined for liver metallothionein and liver and serum zinc content, before, during and after the breeding season. During the early stages a number of females had very high liver metallothionein and zinc levels. Egg formation and ripening were accompanied by a reduction in serum zinc. In males, the metallothionein levels did not reach such high values and were not correlated with gonad development.

There was a correlation between the zinc concentration of the liver and the metallothionein concentration of the liver. Above the threshold value for metallothionein formation, approximately half the additional zinc was found in the metallothionein and half in non-metallothionein pool(s).

Intramuscular injection of oestradiol 3-benzoate into immature females caused a significant increase in liver weight but a depression in metallothionein concentration relative to the controls.


The present survey aims at establishing the influence of the dynamic of two arborescent Legumes trees of the Mimosaceae family (Albizia adiathifolia and Albizia zygia) on the woody forest, their evolution during the reconstitution of post-cultural flora. It was conducted at Oum


In the teaching of Chinese to speakers of other languages, we discovered that foreigners often criticize people by simply saying "not good". We design questionnaires to investigate the speech act of criticism by foreign students studying Chinese in China and compare the results with the pragmatic strategies of criticism adopted by native Chinese, hoping that the endeavor will be instructive to the teaching of Chinese criticism to foreigners.


In this paper, we study self-dual codes over the ring of formal power series ring.We give construction methods of self-dual codes over this class of rings.


Resumen en: Alcohol is responsible for 2.5 million deaths annually and is a risk factor in certain communicable diseases. The negative of its consumption can be felt...


In this study, the nonlinear analysis and seismic appraisal of composite frames having concrete filled steel tube columns (CFSTs) were investigated. The case study composite frames were made of the square columns surrounded by steel tube outside and infilled with concrete, and also steel I beams. These frames were taken as 4, 6 and 8 stories with three equal bays. Then, the nonlinear pushover analysis was applied to examine the influence of variation in the width-thickness ratio, slenderness ratio, yield strength of the steel tube and compressive strength of the concrete within the columns of each frame. Thus, a total of seventy-two different composite frame models with CFST columns and steel beams were examined in accordance with the response parameter of the base shear-top displacement. The obtained results were discussed comparatively as per the lateral capacity and initial stiffness. It was observed that the material and dimensional properties of the CFST columns influenced significantly the seismic behavior of the composite frames.


PurposeTo investigate the determination method of bacterial endotoxin in heparin sodium injection and the interferential factors.MethodsUsing kinetic turbidimetric limulus test method to determine the content of bacterial endotoxin.ResultsHeparin sodium injection diluted 10 times could completely eliminate the interference to the TAL (tachypleus amebcyte lysate) test and the bacterial endotoxin could be determined quantitatively.ConclusionThe method could be used to determine the bacterial endotoxin in heparin sodium injection accurately and replace the rabbit pyrogen test method.


The ability to numerically simulate single phase and multiphase ow of uids in porous media is extremely important in developing an understanding of the complex phenomena governing the ow. The ow is complicated by the presence of heterogeneities in the reservoir and by phenomena such as diiusion, dispersion, and viscous ngering. These eeects must be mod-eled by terms in coupled systems of nonlinear partial diierential equations which form the basis of the simulator. The simulator must be able to handle both single and multiphase ows and the transition regimes between the two in unsaturated ow applications. A discussion of some of the aspects of modeling unsaturated and multiphase ows in the presence of heterogeneities and viscous ngering is presented along with directions for future work. Simulators are severely hampered by the lack of knowledge of reservoir properties, hetero-geneities, and relevant length scales and important mechanisms like diiusion, dispersion, and viscous instabilities. Recent developments have been made in homogenization, scaled averaging , and the use of the simulator as an experimental tool to develop methods to model the interrelations between localized and larger scale media eeects.


Employing Modeling and Simulation (M&S) extensively to analyze and develop complex systems is the norm today. The use of robust M&S formalisms and rigorous methodologies is essential to deal with complexity. Among them, the Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) provides a solid framework for modeling structural, behavior and information aspects of any complex system. This gives several advantages to analyze and design complex systems: completeness, verifiability, extensibility, and maintainability. DEVS formalism has been implemented in many programming languages and executable on multiple platforms. In this paper, we describe the features of an M&S framework called xDEVS that builds upon the prevalent DEVS Application Programming Interface (API) for both modeling and simulation layers, promoting interoperability between the existing platform‐specific (C++, Java, Python) DEVS implementations. Additionally, the framework can simulate the same model using sequential, parallel, or distributed architectures. The M&S engine has been reinforced with several strategies to improve performance, as well as tools to perform model analysis and verification. Finally, xDEVS also facilitates systems engineers to apply the vision of model‐based systems engineering (MBSE), model‐driven engineering (MDE), and model‐driven systems engineering (MDSE) paradigms. We highlight the features of the proposed xDEVS framework with multiple examples and case studies illustrating the rigor and diversity of application domains it can support.


We use the method of averaging and the extension of the Levinson asymptotic theorem to study the problem of asymptotic integration of a class of linear functional differential systems that contain oscillatory decreasing coefficients.


This article presents a pressure sensor based on fiber bragg grating (FBG) positioned between two oblong diaphragms. This particular shape is suitable for applications requiring a sensitive (i.e., large area diaphragms) and yet compact assembly of the optical sensor. However, the oblong diaphragm deformation mechanism suffers from an early saturation effect, which limits its dynamic range. In order to overcome this drawback, we here propose to apply a differential pretension pattern to oblong diaphragms. A finite element analysis is employed to investigate our technique for a sensor assembly designed to the range of 055 kPa. Experimental results confirm that without the differential pretension, the sensor shows a poor correlation coefficient with a linear fit (around 0.8). In contrast, when the proposed differential pretension is applied, the sensor linearity correlation coefficient improves to 0.99, which is a twofold increase on the dynamic range. Our results also include a linearized analytical approach for investigating a tradeoff between dynamic range and sensitivity in our technique. The expanded range is capable of providing a 50 increase of the sensitivity when compared with the corresponding circular diaphragm.


Recent growing interest in cultural innovation related businesses has shifted significant focus towards the moving arts industry. Consequently it is one of eight key areas of development in Taiwan's digital content industry, and was recognized as an important national development sector in 2008. As a result there will be a great increase in demand for professional animation designers. The revolution of moving animation and multimedia has dramatically changed how we publish and access new ideas. Furthermore with the convenience of the World Wide Web, the audience and the creator is simply one-click away from sharing and interacting. Thus it is important from a designer's perspective to understand and fully utilize the convenience of modern technologies, such as hyperlinks and other multimedia features, to communicate information or teaching content to the target audience. This research paper delves into the fundamental concepts of cinematography and visual art theories, in which the findings will further be used as preliminary concepts for moving animation creation. When referring to moving animations, we look specifically at Flash animations and the theories and techniques behind their creations. The study probes into ways to utilize a normally limited 2D flash animation to create a more intricate 3rd, 4th and 5th dimension impression. A selection of popular flash animation found on the internet are further examined, looking at reasons for their success as well as potential products that can be developed based on these works, aimed at gaining some insight into character design selection. The study concludes with the making of a personal animation clip titled "Murmur the Chipmunk". The piece is inspired by other Flash works reviewed during the course of the study, bringing together classic animation and visual composition methods, with combined 2-dimensional rhythmic object displacement and backdrop editing, to allow for various types of spatial composition. Through this design work, it is hoped that this material and knowledge can be recycled and used to help educate primary school students about 2D animation and its origin.


It is known that in tissue slices treated with dry gaseous formaldehyde according to the histochemical technique of HILLARP & FALCK structures containing catecholamines show a green fluorescence in the fluorescence microscope. The m-hydroxyphenylethylamines m-tyramine, m-hydroxyamphetamine and m-hydroxynorephedrine (metaraminol) enclosed in vitro in dry protein films undergo a similar reaction with dry gaseous formaldehyde and form fluorescent products which have been characterized as 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-isoquinolines existing predominantly in the quinoidal form fluorescing at 385/510 nm. By treatment of these protein layers with gaseous hydrogen chloride another form fluorescing at 360/420 nm can be obtained which is not visible in the fluorescence microscope with the usual equipment.


An abstract of the thesis of Christopher Thomas Cooney for the Master of Science in Political Science presented July 31, 2007. Title: Radicalism in American Political Thought: Black Power, the Black Panthers, and the American Creed. American Political Thought has presented somewhat of a challenge to many because of the conflict between the ideals found within the "American Creed" and the reality of America's treatment of ethnic and social minorities. The various forms of marginalization and oppression facing women, blacks, Native Americans, and AsianAmericans have been as much a part of the story of America as have been natural rights and the Constitution. Taking this into account, this thesis is an effort to argue that the radicalism on display in the Black Panther Party, a group that emerged in the turmoil of the 1960's, was a direct descendent of the ideas found within the Black Power movement. It will be argued that these militant critiques of American society were radical, but were not so radical as to be viewed as outside of the context provided by the ideals found in the American Creed. In order to do so, it will be necessary first to present and analyze the various approaches toward explaining the content and nature of the American Creed. The Creed will be presented as separate from American political reality, as an ideal type. As a result it appears to be a rather amorphous tool which can be used both by supporters of a more robust realization of the Creed' s ideals and those who wish to limit the scope of these ideals. 2 Having discussed these approaches toward the American Creed, a discussion of radical political ideas will serve to introduce the Black Power movement and the later Black Panther Party. It will be argued that the radical ideas on display were born out of a frustration with American society, but were at the same time an endorsement of the American Creed. It will be concluded that the American Creed is a powerful force acting upon American political thought, so powerful that even those who should rationally reject the Creed forcefully embrace it. RADICALISM IN AMERICAN POLITICAL THOUGHT: BLACK POWER, THE BLACK PANTHERS, AND THE AMERICAN CREED by CHRISTOPHER THOMAS COONEY A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE m POLITICAL SCIENCE Portland State University 2007


Abstract We report a case of an initially 16-year-old female patient, diagnosed with an osteosarcoma of her left proximal tibia. Treatment consisted of tumor resection in combination with the implantation of a customized tumor prosthesis and chemotherapy. The patient developed a deep infection and several additional surgeries were inevitable. Because of increasing bone loss the distal tibia anchoring was insufficient and a custom-made total tibial prosthesis was designed and implanted to brace against the talus. After 17 years the femoral component became loose and the upper part of the prosthesis had to be exchanged with a total femur prosthesis. To our knowledge, there is no other case reported in the literature where a patient had to be treated with a prosthesis replacing the entire femur and tibia.


The Campbell-Shackelton shielded ratio box is intended to serve as the nucleus of a one-to-one bridge for the comparison of impedances. The transformer used in it operates effectively over the range from 50 to 50,000 cycles per second and in that range the limit of error is considered to be the greatest one of the three following terms: (1) ±0.01 ohm (resistance, inductive, or capacitive reactance) (2) ±0.01 per cent (3) ±2π × frequency × 10-7micromhos (conductance, inductive, or capacitive admittance) Item (1) is the limiting factor in the measurement of low impedances, (2) in the measurement of intermediate impedances, and (3) applies for high values. Thus at 1 kc, for example, impedances between 100 ohms and 150,000 ohms can be compared to 0.01 per cent. Below this range, measurements can be made to 0.01 ohm and above this range to 6 × 10-4micromhos. In practice there is no difficulty about sufficient power and amplification for attaining the precision needed to realize this accuracy. The above figures refer to the ratio box only and do not include errors in the standards used with the ratio box. The above limits of error apply to measurements made under the most adverse conditions, as when measuring the smaller of the two components of an impedance. In many measurements it is possible to do much better than is indicated above, particularly in respect to item (3).


Test first is promoted in test driven development method as one of an effective Agile manifesto in producing a better quality applications. Several research have been conducted in education settings and among industrial practitioners in order to investigate the test first contribution in producing better quality software compared to a traditional approach. This paper focuses on studying the internal quality of the project developed by undergraduates with the implementation of test first over test last approach in Malaysian education settings. In the analyses, JHawk is used as the metrics extraction tools, and the analysis utilized the SPSS and G*Power statistical packages. The metrics collected are based on six object oriented metrics by Chidamber and Kemerer (CK) and the McCabe's cyclomatic complexity (CC). However, only four CK Metric (Lack of Cohesion in Method, Coupling between Objects, Weighted Methods per Class, and Response for a Class) were evaluated, in addition, the complexity is measured based on McCabes's CC. The outcome based on t-test and Mann-Whitney test shows that none of the metrics is statistically significant for test first in producing better internal quality; however, the hypothesis is accepted due to the effect size and achieved power contributed by the Weighted Method per Class.


In this study, we aim to discover how Chinese adults' perceive the influence of their parents' divorce on their academic performance. A total number of 22 Chinese adult participants took part in th ...


In the history of the relations between philosophy and psychoanalysis, there have been two major developments: one in France and the other in Germany. It is widely accepted that these intellectual experiences have taken significantly distinct paths. In Germany, the confrontation between philosophy and psychoanalysis was staged by the Frankfurt School through its strategy of introducing Freudian discoveries into the history of ideas. In France, the philosophical inquiry concerning psychoanalysis permeated several moments of contemporary thought. Nevertheless, the main agency of the confrontation was the Lacanian reconstruction of Freudian metapsychology. It is commonly accepted that there is no shared dialogical field between the Frankfurt School and Jacques Lacan. The Frankfurt School initially attempted to build up a kind of archaeology of social bonds and socialization processes based on readings of Freud s̓ theory of drives; an archaeology capable of guiding a renovation of the ambitions of social praxis, as well as the modalities of its critique. Jacques Lacan s̓ way, on the other hand, seems to have followed another cartography. It is true that we can find a kind of Lacanian archaeology of social bonds, mainly if we consider the theory of the ʻfive' discourses. However, despite this interest in producing a theory of discourse, Lacan developed a clinical practice grounded mainly on the recognition of the blockage produced by the unconscious against processes of self-reflection. In this sense, Lacanian psychoanalysis does not admit any notion of positive synthesis capable of weaving a reconciliation between the emancipatory ambitions of consciousness and the radical negativity of the unconscious. This leads us to understand the end of analysis as a process of subjective destitution. Such a process places psychoanalysis in opposition to the possible enlargement of consciousness s̓ field of selfcomprehension and of any possible disalienation of the subject, blocking the dialogue between Lacan and the emancipatory aspirations of the Frankfurt School. But perhaps we are already entitled to criticize this way of addressing the problem.


Abstract : Consider the average case analyses of particular deterministic algorithms. Typical arguments in this area can be divided into two phases. First, by using knowledge about what it means to execute a program, an analyst characterizes the probability distribution of the performance parameter of interest by means of some mathematical construct, often a recurrence relation. In the second phase, the solution of this recurrence is studied by purely mathematical techniques. The goal is to build a formal system in which the first phases of these arguments can be reduced to symbol manipulation. Formal systems currently exist in which one can reason about the correctness of programs by manipulating predicates that describe the state of the executing process. The construction and use of such systems belongs to the field of program verification.


Abstract How is the content of a literary canon, or tradition to be configured? What counts as a literary archive? More than 25 years after Edward Said's Orientalism (1978), it seems reasonable to assume, that central to such traditions, would be the work of those who live and work in the society that gives rise to it. In this review, such a location of Michele de Kretser's new novel, The Hamilton Case, is offered, as a caution to metropolitan literary critics who continue to approach Sri Lankan writing in English, as Christopher Columbus approached 'America'. It is argued that the novel owes much to, and can be read as echoing and elaborating the detective fiction of S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike, who was, also, the fourth Prime Minister of Ceylon (Sri Lanka), 1956–59.


By modulating the transmitted-reference with a pseudo-random code,an analog LMS detection based on minimum mean-square error criterion to suppress the interferences is proposed.The method uses not only the waveform of the TR signal,but also its symbol information.The performance is further analyzed and the width of integration window is discussed.


OTEPHEN L. MCDONALD'S recent ^ paper on percentage depletion offers a defense against the charge of unneutrality.1 While I do not believe that depletion is vindicated in the process, the paper makes an interesting contribution to the discussion of the corporation tax. The purpose of this note is to suggest that Professor McDonald, in proposing to correct the profits tax does in effect throw out the baby with the bath. What would remain is not a profits tax but a general tax on all factor payments.


The purpose of this study is to show the need for placing the teaching of accident prevention and first-aid into the curricula of all public schools of the State of Texas on a compulsory basis and to prescribe definite criteria for the work.


Based on the analysis of quantum chemical calculations results (GAMESS, density functional theory, B3LYP method) as to [Co(H 2 O) n ] z (H 2 O) 6 – n clusters for z = 0, 1, 2 and n =1÷6, it has been demonstrated that electrochemical reduction of [Co(H 2 O) 6 ] 2+ aqua complexes runs stage-wise. At the first stage, an electron injected into the [Co(H 2 O) 6 ] 2+ complex is entirely located in the orbital of the central atom, as z(Co) herewith changes from +1.714 е to +0.777 е . The weakening of Со–ОН 2 bonds leads to decomposition of resulting [Co(H 2 O) 6 ] + particles into two energetically related forms – [Co(H 2 O) 4 ] + and [Co(H 2 O) 3 ] + . Further reduction of these intermediates runs differently. Electron injection into the [Co(H 2 O) 3 ] + intermediate terminates the transition of Со 2+ -ions to Со 0 z(Co)= – 0.264 е . This process is accompanied by rapid decomposition of [Co(H 2 O) 3 ] 0 product into monohydrate atom of cobalt Со ( Н 2 О ). On the contrary, electron injection into the [Co(H 2 O) 4 ] + intermediate leads to emergence of a specific structure – [Co + (H 2 O – )( Н 2 О ) 3 ]  0 , whereby the electron is located in the atoms of cobalt only by 28%, and by 72% in cobalt-coordinated water molecules, clearly focusing on one of the. In this molecule, z(H 2 O) changes from +0.148 е to – 0.347 е . There is an assumption that a non-equilibrium [Co + (H 2 O – )( Н 2 О ) 3 ] 0  form transits to [Co( О H)( Н 2 О ) 3 ] 0 hydroxo-form, which further disproportionates turning into Co( О H) 2 hydroxide. In order to reduce the impact of this unfavorable reaction pathway on the overall reaction rate Со 2+ + 2ē = Со 0 , we suggest raising the temperature to ensure complete dissociation of [Co(H 2 O) 4 ] + to [Co(H 2 O) 3 ]


Section 1: Introduction 1. Interfaces Between Child and Adult Mental Health, Peter Reder, Mike McClure & Anthony Jolley Section 2: Developmental Dimensions 2. Continuities of Childhood Disorders into Adulthood, Harry Zeitlin 3. Abuse Then and Now, Peter Reder, Sylvia Duncan 4. The Impact of Children on Their Parents, Peter Reder, Clare Lucey 5. Adolescence - the Transition From Childhood to Adulthood, Mike McClure Children of Parents with Mental Health Problems 6. Children's Experience of Major Psychiatric Disorder in their Parent An Overview, Sylvia Duncan, Peter Reder 7. Impact of Parental Anxiety Disorder on Children, Liz Fellow-Smith 8. The Children of Mothers with Eating Disorders, Mathew Hodes 9. The Links between Somatization in Children and Adults, M.Elena Garralda 10. Children of Substance Misusing Parents, D. Colin Drummond, Geraldine Fitzpatrick 11. The Problem of Parental Personality, Alison Westman 12. Child Abuse and Parental Mental Health, Peter Reder, Sylivia Duncan 13. Health Visitors, Children and Parental Mental Health Problems, Renuka Jeyarajah Dent, Colleen McIntyre 14. Needs Assessment in the Children of Parents with Major Psychiatric Illness, Juliet Singer, Sylvia Tang, Mark Bereowitz Section 4: Service Development 15. Parents with Mental Health Problems: Involving the Children, Glenda Fredman, Peter Fuggle 16. Working with Families Where There is Parenting Breakdown, Eia Asen 17. Parenting Skills Interventions, Martin Herbert 18. Perinatal Mental Health: Psychodynamic and Psychiatric Perspectives, Alicia Etchegoyen 19. Principles of Collaboration Between Child and Adolscent and Adult Substance Misuse Services, Mike McClure, Brian Wells 20. Liaison Between Child and Adult Psychiatric Services Begum Maitra, Anthony Jolley Section 5: Future Directions 21. An Integrative Ecology, Mike McClure 22. Addressing the Interfaces, Peter Reder, Mike McClure & Anthony Jolley.


This research problem is directed toward the isolation of an enzyme from the yeast Saccharomyces QQ.filbe which endonucleolytically processes the 3' terminus of transfer ribonucleic acids. Plasmids containing tRNA genes were a gift from Dieter Soll, Yale University Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry. In order to provide increasing amounts of the cloned gene, the bacterium Escherichia coli HBlOl was transformed using standard trans~ormation procedures and methods. The transformed bacteria were cultured, and the plasmids amplified using chloramphenicol. These bacteria were then lysed and cesium chloride-ethidium bromide gradients were run to isolate plasmids containing the desired genes. The plasmids were then used in a transcription assay following the procedure of Klekamp and Weil (1). The ( purpose of this transcription was to synthesize precursor tRNA genes which would serve as substrates for the detection of ~ llQmbe processing nucleases. The syn.thesized [c<.32P] labeled precursor tRNA's were purified using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Autoradiographic techniques were employed to identify the location of the precursor on the gel. The precursor was then eluted from the gel.


The methods of image super-resolution via sparse representation achieve good quality image reconstruction,but the CPU-based implementation of the methods hardly satisfies the requirement of real-time video super-resolution because of high computational complexity. Then,the method of real-time video super-resolution via sparse representation based on GPU acceleration was proposed. It focused on optimizing data parallel processing and improving resource utilization of GPU,including utilizing queues for video sequences,improving memory concurrent access rates,employing Principal Component Analysis(PCA) dimensionality reduction and optimizing dictionary querying operation. As a result,compared with the CPUbased implementation,the speed of data processing is increased two orders of magnitude,and the speed of playing a video with the size of 669 × 546 reaches 33 frames per second.


The invention provides method and device for transmitting a response message. The method comprises the steps that: the type of a current system is determined when a terminal needs to transmit a response message, wherein the response message can be a correct response message ACK or a wrong response message NACK; the type of the system comprises a frequency division duplex FDD system and a time division duplex TDD system; the terminal determines the feedback mode of the response message, wherein the feedback mode consists of a channel selection mode and a physical uplink control channel PUCCH format 3; and the terminal can determine the PUCCH resource of the response message according to the type of the system and the feedback mode, and then transmits the response message by using the determined PUCCH resource. By the method and the device, the problem that a UE (user equipment) can not transmit the response message in some cases is overcome, and the performance of the system is improved.


In this Letter we develop analytical formulations to describe sound scattering in lossless medium due to 2D circular wave incident on an acoustic cloak. A perfect acoustic cloak is reflectionless and can completely hide the cloaked object from any sound waves. However, the realization of a perfect acoustic cloak is difficult. Compared to plane wave, our analytic calculations show that circular wave from an annular line source generates distinct scattering patterns from an imperfect cloak design. Large modification in reflection directivities can be observed if the focal point of the incident wavefront is slightly customized. Hence, our work might find applications in acoustic cloak detection, which should have significant impact on cloak design and defense.


Abstract. New records of Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Cerrado for the Central Brazil. Herein we report two new occurrences of phyllostomids bats (Mesophylla macconnelli and Artibeus concolor) in the savanna habit (cerrado) in west-central Brazil. Mesophylla macconnelli was collected in the protected area of a private natural heritage reserve (Reserva Particular do Patrimonio Natural Pousada das Araras), in Serranopolis municipality, Goias state. Artibeus concolor was trapped near Serra da Mesa reservoir, in Niquelândia municipality, Goias state. These records enlarge considerably the south distribution of the two species.


Through confined compression test and direct shear test, studied the mechanical properties of the same curing agent of different soil dredged mud, compared the difference of the same curing agent of different soil dredged mud. By confined compression test, the compression modulus of clay, silty sand and silty soil dredged mud after curing increases by 603.7%, 529.0% , 603.7% respectively. By direct shear test, the shear strength of clay dredged mud after curing increases to infinity; silty sands shear strength after curing increases by 209.1% in average; silty soils shear strength increases after curing by 147.5% in average. The compression and shear resistance of this kind of special curing agent for clay is best, silty sand second, but for the silty soil only has a little effect.


The present invention provides a catalyst slurry or liquid feeding means, which comprises a catalyst slurry or a liquid tank, pump, valve and at least a six-tube quantitative, the feed pump is connected via a line with the catalyst tank and the six-way valve, and the catalyst slurry or a liquid tank connected to the catalyst to within a dispensing tube on the six-way valve between the two interfaces, and the catalyst then recycled back to the tank through the six-way valve; when required the addition, a six-way valve operation, quantitative the catalyst slurry or liquid in the tube, the six-way valve is an interface into other inert gas fed into the polymerization reaction system. The charging device can be widely used in the olefin polymerization process, especially a gas phase process polymerization process, a polyolefin having a high precision feeding, feeding amount adjusting range, the advantages of the linear regulator.


Infection of rats with Friend murine leukemia virus (Fr‐MLV) clone A8 causes thymoma in all the animals within 7 weeks. The rapid induction of thymoma is associated with a unique enhancer structure in the U3 region of the A8‐LTR. Our Southern blot analyses showed that the thymomas were oligo clonal. The A8‐induced thymomas showed 3‐ to 11‐fold overexpression of c‐myc mRNA. These results suggest that provirus insertion into particular positions of the host genome is correlated with tumorigenesis after A8 infection and that up‐regulation of c‐myc plays an important role in the induction of thymoma.


Magnesia flue gas desulphuration(FGD) has broad application prospect.But the problem that dust concentration after desulphuration is higher than that before desulphuration or exceeding standard is frequently occurred in the factual project.The electric conductivity(EC),SO42-and Mg2+ concentrations of dust collected from two electricity boilers(130 t/h) in filter cylinder were analyzed.The results showed that EC,SO42-and Mg2 + concentrations were increased with the increasing of the dust concentration.The increasing rate showed an obvious positive correlation with the inflow dust concentration.This gives evidence that the migration of desulphurization solutions with flue gas make the significant contribution to the increasing of dust concentration after desulphuration.Then some effective controlling measures were put forward.


Introduction: Cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) is a complex pathophysiological entity affecting the heart and kidneys in which acute or chronic dysfunction of one organ can induce acute or chronic dysfunction of the other organ. Five types of CRS have been described. Methods: The study explored the prevalence and types of Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) at CHU Ibn Sina in Rabat. Over a year, 120 CRS patients were assessed, excluding those with endstage chronic renal failure. We analyzed the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of these patients. Results: The average age of our patients is 67.8 ± 12 years, with extremes ranging from 39 years to 92 years. The sex ratio is 1.35. The different types of CRS types (1, 2, 4 and 5) were noted respectively in 28.4%, 20.8%, 5%, 45.8%, however, we did not note patients having CRS type 3. On the renal level, we noted acute renal failure (ARF) in 51.6% of patients,


In 1961 the writer collected some Bothriolepis-remains from a locality 1 km. north of the city of Chanyi, Yunnan. The fossils were preserved in yellowish green sand stones. A few well preserved plates are described in this note.


Quantitative analyses of the costs of cryptographic attack algorithms play a central role in comparing cryptosystems, guiding the search for improved attacks, and deciding which cryptosystems to standardize. Unfortunately, these analyses often turn out to be wrong. Formally verifying complete proofs of attack performance is a natural response but crashes into an insurmountable structural problem: there are large gaps between the best proven cost among known attack algorithms and the best conjectured cost among known attack algorithms. Ignoring conjectured speedups would be a security disaster. This paper presents a case study demonstrating the feasibility and value of successfully formalizing what state-of-the-art attack analyses actually do. The input to this formalization is not a proof, and the output is not a formally verified proof; the formalization process nevertheless enforces clear definitions, systematically accounts for all algorithm steps, simplifies review, improves reproducibility, and reduces the risk of error. Concretely, this paper's CryptAttackTester (CAT) software includes formal specifications of (1) a general-purpose model of computation and cost metric, (2) various attack algorithms, and (3) formulas predicting the cost and success probability of each algorithm. The software includes general-purpose simulators that systematically compare the predictions to the observed attack behavior in the same model. The paper gives various examples of errors in the literature that survived typical informal testing practices and that would have been immediately caught if CAT-enforced links had been in place. The case study in CAT is information-set decoding (ISD), the top attack strategy against the McEliece cryptosystem. CAT formalizes analyses of many ISD algorithms, covering interactions between (1) high-level search strategies from Prange, Lee–Brickell, Leon, Stern, Dumer, May–Meurer–Thomae, and Becker–Joux–May–Meurer; (2) randomwalks fromOmura, Canteaut–Chabaud, Canteaut–Sendrier, and Bernstein–Lange–Peters; and (3) speedups in core subroutines such as linear algebra and sorting.