The utility model relates to a mobile feeder for a hydraulic press. The utility model belongs to the technical field of control technology of the hydraulic press. The utility model is characterized in that the mobile feeder for a hydraulic press is composed of a bracket, a connecting element and a working table; a pushing cylinder is fixed on the bracket; the bracket is fixed on a hydraulic press rack; a piston of the pushing cylinder is connected with a mobile working table by the connecting element; the mobile working table is provided with a working table plate; an elastic mechanism device is arranged under the working table plate. The utility model has the advantages of convenient and accurate feeding in a mobile mode, simple operation, easy control, no force of a trolley in hydraulic the process, etc., and is capable of effectively enhancing quality of work pieces and production efficiency of hydraulic presses. The utility model has scientific and reasonable design and wide market foreground.


In the last decade, facial expression recognition has attracted more and more interest of researchers in the computer vision community. Facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication, used to exchange social and emotional information in human-human-interaction. By detecting the expression of a human and reacting proactively, many applications could benefit from automatic facial expression recognition systems, e.g. human-computer-interfaces or security systems. Further applications for expression recognition lie in driver safety and social sciences. In order to use facial expression recognition systems in real-world situations, it is essential to recognize expressions not only from frontal face images, but also from images containing faces with pose variations. Furthermore, facial landmarks have to be located automatically in order to use local appearance features for representing the face. In this work, a multi-view facial expression recognition system based on Active Appearance Models (AAMs) is established, which automatically finds facial landmark points by fitting a pose-dependent AAM to the input face image. Different features are extracted from the AAM, and appearance descriptors are computed at the located facial feature points using Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). On these features, feature selection is performed using the F-score feature selection method. The resulting feature vectors are then used for training pose-dependent linear multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers, which recognize six different expression classes for 13 different poses (frontal + six left + six right). Extensive experiments are performed on the BU-3DFE database to evaluate the expression recognition system. Recognition rates are measured for single feature types as well as for combinations of features. Results show, that a combination of DCT features and normalized landmark coordinates, extracted from the fitted AAM, achieves the highest recognition accuracy. Recognition rates for appearance features extracted at automatically located landmarks are compared to those of appearance features extracted at groundtruth landmarks. The influence of the intensity level of expressions on recognition accuracy is also explored.


The origin of multilevel resistances of In3Sb1Te2 (IST) phase-change random access memory cell has been investigated with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The HR-TEM indicates that the microstructure of IST in the programming volume changes from amorphous to InSb and amorphous at the first state, and InSb and InTe at the second state, and IST at the third state, which are fairly consistent with four different levels of resistance. The resistance difference between the amorphous and the IST is about four orders of magnitude.


The article presents data about the frequency of the human papilloma virus associated pathology in the world, Europe and the RF increasing each year. The most frequently occurring pathologic states caused by human papilloma virus are provided. It was stated that the problem of HPV-associated diseases concerns not only women but men. The most frequent types of oncogenic viruses causing the malignant pathology of the reproductive system are Type 16 and 18 viruses. Vaccines providing prevention of the cervical cancer are developed for these two types of viruses. The quadrilent vaccine is effective with respect to lesions of the female genital organs and of the vagina in the form of condylomas. The article demonstrates the first results  of HPVvaccines in various countries of the world that testify about its high effectiveness for anogenital condylomas and precancer cervical changes, that considerably reduced in populations of such countries as Australia, Germany, Sweden etc. Issues on side effects related to application of both vaccines are discussed. Currently according to the conducted survey studies no safety problems were established for women and men when using quardilent as well as bivalent vaccines. Currently vaccination against HPV is included in national immunization  programs in 60 countries of the world, including 6 countries where vaccination of boys is implemented. In December 2014, FDA approved the new vaccine Gardasil-9 for girls and women as well as for boys for prevention of precancer lesions of reproductive organs the effectiveness of which is confirmed by results of international multi-center studies.


Learning agent plays significant role in the hyper-heuristic framework for test case prioritization, where an evaluation strategy is applied to evaluate the execution results produced by the current heuristic algorithm and select the most appropriate heuristic algorithm for the next generation. Hierarchical Distribution (HD) is used as evaluation strategy based on the dominance relationship between the individuals from the present and last generations. In addition to the distribution of the solution set, a good convergence towards the optimal Pareto front is often desired. In this paper, the convergence ability of the individuals is further considered in the design of the evaluation strategy for the learning agent, in which Pareto Dominance and Convergence Information are adopted. Three evaluation strategies are proposed and empirically studied, and the experimental results show that the hyper-heuristic algorithms with the proposed evaluation strategies are more effective and efficient for test case prioritization.


he term "New Woman," which the novelist and social purist Sarah Grand (1854-1943) claimed to have invented in 1894,' covers a variety of forms of femininity which were brought to public attention in the last two decades of the nineteenth century. The extent to which the New Woman was a social reality was fiercely debated in the periodical press, but she entered the world of fiction with considerable impact. Between 1883 and 1900 over a hundred novels were written by or about her (Ardis, New Women 4). As one piqued commentator declared in the Westminster Review, "it is not possible to ride by road or rail, to read a review, a magazine or a newspaper, without being continually reminded of the subject which lady-writers love to call the Woman Question." He wondered, too, about "women's pictures, women's plays, women's books. What is it that makes them temporarily so successful, and eternally so wanting?" (Sykes 396-97). In the words of W. T. Stead, editor of the Review of Reviews, "the novel of the Modern Woman is one of the most notable and significant features of the fiction of the day. The Modern Woman novel is not merely a novel written about women, but it is a novel written by a woman about women from the standpoint of woman" (64). For the anti-feminist Eliza Lynn Linton, the New Woman was anti-social; for the publisher and essayist Arthur Waugh, the undoing of aesthetics; for Sarah Grand, she was (or ought to be) a model of civic virtue. What these competing definitions of the New Woman have in common is her apparent newness, her autonomy and her determination to set her own agenda in developing an alternative vision of the future.


Mite pests are a serious threat for hazelnut cultivations, causing economic losses every year. At least two species of big bud mites, Phytoptus avellanae (Acari: Phytoptidae) and Cecidophyopsis vermiformis (Acari: Eriophyidae), are involved in severe hazelnut bud infestations, even though few studies report P. avellanae as the most present and harmful. Great steps forward have been made in monitoring and management strategies of these mite pests, but a plethora of questions remains unanswered about their ecology and behaviour and how agronomical practices impact populations. Given this precondition, we conducted a four-year monitoring in an experimental hazelnut orchard located in the Viterbo hazelnut district, Central Italy, to: (i) explore the potential effect that irrigation has on mite infestations, (ii) assess if mites locate in a particular band height of hazelnut plants; and (iii) assess the overall field infestation over the years. This study showed that not-irrigated plants and plants irrigated by underground pipe systems were similarly infested. Mites tend to locate in the middle band of the plant, namely from 1.5 to 3 m from the ground. The four-year survey showed an overall increasing infestation trend, with a peak in 2021 for irrigated plants and 2022 for not-irrigated. These results are a milestone for further exploration of the biology and ecology of this pest and to formulate ad hoc monitoring and control strategies as well.


This brief summarizes publicly available responses from governors and insurance commissioners in 35 states, including DC, to a request from members in the House of Representatives for state input on health care reform. Among the 35 state responses, 18 had a Republican governor at the time of the response, while 17 had a Democratic governor. The responses provide insight into the views of governors and insurance commissioners on repeal and replacement of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the changes Congress is considering making to the financing and structure of Medicaid. The findings do not reflect views of all states and represent general themes of perspectives of governors and insurance commissioners. Key findings include:


The present invention relates to an electric power simulation platform to achieve a method and an electronic apparatus, particularly relates to a multi-platform dynamic mixing RTDS its implementation method. The present invention system are established between the microsecond level electromagnetic transient simulation module, means microsecond level electromagnetic transient simulation module and the switching device nanosecond transient simulation module, and the second stage heat dynamic simulation module, via the network interface interaction, the final feedback means from the output stage to the controller, while the component level over-voltage, over-current and turn-off of the valve body may include temperature protection fault status information to the system, and transmits a fault signal to the controller. Complex dynamic process of the present invention realize accurate simulation of power electronic devices, operating conditions quickly reproduce a complex grid disturbance or failure, security and stability for the smart grid scale power electronic analysis device, system access research, control and protection equipment network test, analyze and solve practical problems in the field to provide advanced technological means.


Aim: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which first appeared in late 2019, has undoubtedly affected the global health system. In this study, we tried to investigate whether this disease was seen before the first case in our country with clinical diagnoses. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study conducted in a pediatric emergency department. The data of the cases were accessed from the hospital automation system. The number of patients who were admitted, the number of hospitalization or intensive care unit, the number of patients who were diagnosed with respiratory tract infection, the triage codes they received in the emergency department, and the viral antigen results obtained from airway swabs are the independent variables of the study. Results: 46 525 patients were admitted to the pediatric emergency department between 01/12/2018-28/04/2019 and 44 532 patients between 01/12/2020-29/02/2020. (T = 0.8 and P = 0.4) During the 2019 period, 1316 cases were admitted to the ward, and 130 cases to the intensive care unit. During the 2020 period, 1246 cases were admitted to the ward, and 142 cases were admitted to the intensive care unit. (P = 0.06 T = 1.8) During the 2019 period, 12 cases resulted in death, while in the 2020 period, 11 cases of exitus were observed. (P = 0.4) Conclusion: The fact that more upper respiratory tract diseases were diagnosed compared to the same period of the previous year makes us think that the outbreak may have started in our country before the first diagnosis.


The Internet of Things (IoT) comprised of interrelated things such as computing gadgets, wearable devices, handheld devices, digital machines, mechanical devices, people, objects, even animals that are provided with unique identifiers with the ability to send and receive data over a network without the need for human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. A thing, in the Internet of Things can be anything on the planet, any object that can be assigned an IP address and provided with the ability to transfer data over a network.It is predicted that 50 billion devices will be associated with the Internet by 2020 and 500 billion by 2025 [14]. These associated gadgets – prominently known as the Internet of Things (IoT) that represent a great potential for the upgrade of social and business life and for market development. From wellness trackers and self-driving autos to shrewd broilers, automated home lighting, and air-conditioning system, there are innumerable new developments and buzz about these interconnected devices and arrangements. Some of them have even progressed toward becoming a piece of shoppers' everyday life. Be that as it may, those are just a hint of a greater challenge. With this increase in accessibility, there is an increase in the need for strong security measures.The real work of this paper is that the conduct of various types of DDOS assaults found in IoT is demonstrated utilizing activity modeling and discovered counteragent against it. DDOS assault is one of the catastrophic assault which hinders the channel by sending a large amount of undesirable data constantly so as to flood a system. The action demonstrating of DDOS assault indicates all around obviously about how it executes on IoT environment and it is additionally helpful in building up the counteragent for security assault.This paper further presents the survey of IoT attacks and the counteragents against those attacks, also the paper introduces the new counteragent for DDOS attack. The new Threshold based Blocking Counteragent (TBC) is proposed in our work for the reply blocking attack. TBC detects the blocking in the network and prevents it from reply blocking attack. The proposed implementation in different realistic conditions perfectly shows that TBC helps IoT against reply blocking attack by varying the network traffic and adding the malicious nodes in a network. The proposed work clearly shows the good performance of the algorithm in various conditions such as mobility among secured nodes and malicious nodes, change of traffic interval.


Following the adoption of Christianity by the European peoples in the course of a thousand years, the trans-cultural dissemination of Christian faith in the modern era proceeded essentially from Western Europe. Beginning in the 16th century, and under the patronage of the Iberian powers, Catholic missionary activity was initially directed toward Asia (India, Japan and China), and the Americas. Missionary activity increased during the 18th century when Protestant and Orthodox missions, supported by chartered companies and the state, also entered the field. From the 19th century until the era of decolonisation, the European colonial powers engaged in the Christianisation of Africa under conditions of denominational competition. After giving an overwiev over missionary activity, this article will demonstrate the complexity of inter-cultural processes with examples illustrating the various missionary methods and the efforts of cultural 'translation' that were made in Asia, Africa and the Americas.


The Holiday Market is a new tradition to Grapeview School we are very excited and the families, students, teachers and staff are all looking forward… Find WA craft shows, art shows, fairs and festivals


To realize the modulation of initial stiffness of steel structure and make the structure easily be assembled and removed,reinforced concrete deep beam,i.e.,a new anti-seismic reinforcing structure,was introduced.By cyclic loading model test of one steel frame and two deep beam infilled steel frames,the hysteresis loops were obtained.Based on the experiment,effects of the deep beam on the load capacity,ductility,hysteretic property and energy-dissipation of the pure steel structure were analyzed.The results show that the deep beam enhances the initial stiffness and load capacity by a large margin,and the hysteresis loops are replete and the skeleton curves have apparent stage of plastic flow,and the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the test pieces are enhanced.Therefore,the deep beam can be used as the first defense line of earthquake-resistance,and the steel frame can be used as the second.


A wireless sensor network consists of a large number of sensor nodes that are spread densely to observe the phenomenon. The whole network lifetime relies on the lifetime of each sensor node. If one node dies, it could lead to a separation of the sensor network. Thus each and every sensor node should live long to extend the lifetime of the wireless sensor network. In this paper, we propose a path selection algorithm with energy efficiency for wireless sensor networks. The key idea in the algorithm is that all the paths are utilized evenly and the paths with enough available energy are selected, so that the network lifetime can be maximized. To evaluate its performance, some simulations are carried out. In conclusion, we find out that our protocol is more efficient than the other routing protocols in terms of energy.


The data on the calculation of bio-optical parameters in the Barents Sea are presented, for which regional algorithms have been developed. These algorithms were derived on the basis of field measurements made in the region under consideration. The seasonal and interannual variability of bio-optical characteristics was studied and coccolithophore blooms in the Barents Sea were evaluated.


Ball mill is of consequence in mid-storage powder-making system of heat-enging plant,to survey the load inside mill plays a important roll in making the mill work in the optimal output output state so as to save energy and reduce consumption. The current approach for surveying the load inside ball mill includes approach of differ-ential pressure between inlet and outlet,bearing vibration approach,mill current approach,noise approach,supersonic wave approach and pneumatic pressure differ-ence approach etc. Advanced theory and multi-factors synthetic survey are the devel-oping trend.


This article summarizes some of the results and findings emerging from an ongoing World Bank research and capacity-building project that focuses on the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiating agenda from a developing country perspective. Recent research suggests that the potential gains from further multilateral liberalization of trade remain very large. The payoffs associated with attempts to introduce substantive disciplines in the WTO on domestic regulatory regimes are much less certain. This suggests that the focus of current and future negotiations should be primarily on the bread and butter of the multilateral trading system--the progressive liberalization of barriers to trade in goods and services on a nondiscriminatory basis. In addition, priority should be given to ensuring that rules are consistent with the development needs of poorer countries and to helping developing countries implement WTO obligations. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)


This study investigated the soil properties of Zarama, Bayelsa state, Nigeria in relation to iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) distribution, between October and December, 2005. Four soil profile pits representing varying creek water influences were studied. The soils have acquic moisture and isohyperthermic temperature regimes. Results showed that silt and clay dominated in all profiles with total sand being least, ranging from 20-310 g kg- 1 in profile 1. Soil pH was slightly acidic in the site (pH CaCl2 = 5.0-6.9). Organic carbon was highest in profile 3 (22-150 g kg- 1). There were higher values of Fe in wetter profile pits unlike Mn. Crystalline Fe (Fe d) was more abundant than amorphous Fe (Fe o). Total iron was significantly correlated with fine earth (r=0.80; p = 0.01; n = 26), total sand (r = - 0.76) silt (r = 0.63) and clay (r= - 0.88). Total manganese correlated significantly with fine earth (r=0.64), total sand (r = 0.52), silt (r = 0.46) and clay (r = 0.67). Keywords : Wetland, farming gleysation, marshland, iron, manganese, tropical soils IJOTAFS Vol. 1 (1) 2007: pp. 80-86


The intention of the paper is to study prime event structures as models of nondeterministic processes. We characterize and examine some properties known as discreteness, density and crossing which allow inconsistency to be avoided between syntactic and semantic representations of processes. A number of close relationships between density and crossing properties of the chosen class of event structures are shown.


The present invention relates to processes for preparing pentarylene- and hexarylenetetracarboximides of the general formula (I) or (Ia) or mixtures thereof, to pentarylene and hexarylenetetracarboximides having a high degree of substitution, and to their use.


A new group of fluorescent indicators with visible excitation and emission wavelengths has been synthe- sized for measurements of cytosolic free Ca2+. The five compounds, "rhod- 1 ," "rhod-2," "fluo- 1 ," "fluo-2," and "fluo-3" (Figs. 2 and 3), combine the 8-coordinate tetracarboxylate chelating site of 1,2,-bis(Z-amino-phenoxyethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid with a xanthene chromophore to give a rhodamine-like or fluorescein-like fluorophore. Binding of Ca2+ increases the fluorescence by up to 40-fold. The Ca2+ dissociation constants are in the range 0.37-2.3 NM, so that the new indicators should give better resolution of high [Ca"] levels than previously obtainable with quin-2 or fura- 2. The visible excitation wavelengths of the new compounds are more convenient for fluorescence micros- copy and flow cytometry than the UV required by previous indicators. However, the new dyes' increase in fluorescence upon binding calcium is not accom-panied by a wavelength shift, so they are unsuitable for measurements using ratios at two wavelengths. The most promising dye of this series is fluo-3, whose initial biological testing in fibroblasts is described in the following paper (Kao, J. P. Y., Harootunian, A.


The induced paramagnetic shift parameters, S values, due to tris (dipivalomethanato)-europium were examined in alkyl pyridine derivatives from the view points of steric, electronic and solvent effects. 1. The log S values are linearly related with ΔΔ ER, σ* and 1-1/e, and expressed by the following type of equation. S=A.e-B×k, k=ΔΔ ER, σ* or 1-1/e 2. The three kinds of intercepts are linearly related with each other and decrease regularly from α to γ, whereas a plot of three kinds of slopes, referring to the perturbed state is zig-zag. 3. The S values are expressed by the sum of the contributions of Δ Esteric, Δ Eelect, and Δ Esolv.


A virtual machine system can run multiple conventional operating systems (OSs) in a single real host computer. A virtual machine is a logical computer with almost the same architecture as the host, and may contain several logical processors. A hypervisor is a control program to control this virtual machine system. Traditionally, the hypervisor has to receive an I/O interrupt pending for a waiting logical processor, and to simulate the I/O interrupt, consequently incurring the simulation overhead of the I/O interrupt. To avoid this overhead we present a new method which introduces a new self-wait state different from the conventional wait state, presents a new instruction for the hypervisor to detect the I/O interrupts pending for the logical processors in the self-wait state, and dispatches those logical processors on the detection ahead of the ready queue. This new method has eliminated the simulation overhead of those I/O interrupts, and enhanced the system performance to the near native.


myo‐Inositol hexakisphosphate (phytate) is widely regarded as an abundant form of soil organic phosphorus (P) in many soils. Its abundance is believed to be because of its resistance to microbial degradation. We examined the fate of phytate added to a calcareous soil as a solution at a concentration of 58 mg P kg−1, with and without the addition of wheat straw. The soil was incubated for 13 weeks, with phytate concentrations determined at 0, 1, 4, 7 and 13 weeks using NaOH‐EDTA soil extraction followed by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The phytate concentration declined rapidly, with 18% (phytate + wheat straw) and 12% (phytate) of the initial phytate remaining after 13 weeks. This coincided with an increase in the proportion of orthophosphate relative to total NaOH‐EDTA extractable P (from 65 to 81%) and a small increase in α‐ and β‐glycerophosphate concentration, providing evidence for the microbial degradation of phytate. The decrease in phytate concentration was consistent with a first‐order decay with a half‐life for phytate of 4–5 weeks. This study demonstrates that in the calcareous soil examined, phytate was not highly stable, but a potentially biologically available form of P. In order to quantify the concentration of P species, we developed an improved method of spectral deconvolution. This method accounted for a broad signal (3.5–6.5 ppm) in the monoester region of the spectra that represented up to 23% of the total extractable P. We found that when this broad signal was not included, phytate concentrations were over‐estimated by up to 54%.


Natural rivers are characterized by continuous variations in bed topography, especially along curved reaches. High resolution topographic data are necessary to analyze the mutual interactions between the downstream flow and the cross-stream flow, which determine the distribution of the bed-shear stress along the channel. Because of the difficulty in acquiring good and accurate data in rivers, the major part of studies have been conducted in laboratory flumes. This paper reports on a laboratory study in which the automatic digital photogrammetric survey was applied to derive the high-resolution Digital Surface Model (DSM) of the bed topography in a large amplitude meandering flume. In order to assess the advantages of the procedure, the bed profiles obtained by the DSM have been compared with those obtained using a servo-controlled vertical profiler (PV09) has been operated and discussed.


—Electric vehicles (EVs), acts as a distributed load or distributed storage when they are connected to the grid. EVs are able to provide many services like ancillary services, active power control, reactive power compensation and specially frequency regulation. EVs has a novel technology called vehicle-to-grid (V2G). This paper provides analysis of V2G technology for regulating the frequency of a microgrid. The frequency regulation provided by the V2G, due to a mismatch between generation and demand. The microgrid consists of different renewable energy sources, load and EV system. The frequency of microgrid is analyzed with penetration of EVs. The results show that V2G technology is very effective in frequency regulation. microgrid and analyzes the frequency behavior for different cases. Microgrid includes: renewable energy sources, load and EV storage system. For frequency analysis two cases are considered: without V2G operation, 100% V2G power regulation.


1. "HOTV" 10ft. vision chart * 2. Random Dot E Kit (Stereo acuity test)* 3. Measuring tape (at least 10 ft. long) 4. Bright desk lamp or similar to illuminate chart 5. Eye cover (home-made paddle or plastic cake mixer, e.g.) 6. Masking or painting tape (to mark standing position) 7. HOTV letters on prompt card for comparison by illiterate child* 8. Slot mask for chart (isolates line being tested) 9. Pointer (stick or pen) * available from Prevent Blindness Virginia® Call: (888)-790-2020, use form on CD or email: email@example.com


Introduction Mass spectrometers are used to determine the masses of atoms, molecules, and clusters in a wide range of applications. Presently, there is a drive towards the miniaturization of such devices for use in spacecraft life support, pollution monitoring, and explosives/narcotics detection applications. For a given mass resolution, the ion flight distance (and hence the size) of a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer is related to the length of the ionization region along the flight axis. Since femtosecond pulses can ionize atoms and molecules within a very small focal volume with near unit efficiency, they are compatible with miniature mass spectrometers. We have demonstrated a general technique for compact TOF mass spectrometry using two spatially separated laser foci. The first femtosecond laser pulse ionizes a gaseous sample and the second pulse probes for the presence of a specific mass in the analyte. Our approach enables TOF mass analysis to be performed on a sub-millimetre length scale. Furthermore, the second pulse can be intense enough to explode the molecules it probes. Using such laser- induced Coulomb explosion for molecular detection yields a significant improvement in detection efficiency for large molecules. Taken together, these developments can reduce the size and complexity of miniature TOF mass spectrometers and allow the fabrication of integrated mass analyzers with relaxed voltage, vacuum, detector, and timing electronics requirements.


One of the performance of a company can be seen from the firm value. The firm value describes the prosperity of its shareholders. In order to appear to have a good performance, a company needs to pay attention to the factors that can affect its firm value. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of profitability and environmental performance on firm value. This research was conducted in consumer goods sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019. The sample was determined by purposive sampling method and obtained as many as 22 companies with 52 observational data. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear analysis. Based on the research results, it was found that profitability, which is proxied by Return of Assets (ROA) and environmental performance, which is proxied by the company's PROPER rating, has a positive and significant effect on firm value.


Crop growth is a key factor that effects nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in farmland soil. Clarification and quantification of the impact of maize growth on N2O emission are important to guide maize planting and patterns, which is also useful for building model to simulate N2O emission in an agroecosystem. In this study, we carried out a three-year (2013–2015) field experiment to evaluate the contribution of maize growth on N2O emission using a split-plot design. The factors included planting versus not planting maize, and four rates of nitrogen (N) application (0, 150, 300, 450 kg N/ha). Our results showed the impacts of maize growth on N2O emission decreased linearly with the growth of maize from the 43rd day after sowing (y = –1.07x + 26.85, R2 = 0.95). Nitrogen fertilizer application can reduce the impacts of maize growth on N2O emission. The impact of maize growth on soil NH4+-N and NO3–-N are similar to N2O emission, and they have a strong correlation. We concluded that maize growth reduces soil N2O emission but N application can exert an antagonistic effect, and the impact of maize growth on soil NH4+-N and NO3–-N largely determines the impacts of maize growth on N2O emission.


"From the earliest times, medicine has been a curious blend of superstition, empiricism, and that kind of sagacious observation which is the stuff out of which ultimately scipnce is made. Of these three strandssuperstition, empiricism, and observation-medicine was constituted in the days of the priest-physicians of Egypt and Babylonia; of the same three strands it is still composed. The proportions have, however, varied significantly; an increasingly alert and determined effort, running through the ages, has endeavoured to expel superstition, to narrow the range of empiricism, and to enlarge, refine, and systematize the scope of observation. . . The general trend of medicine has been away from magic and empiricism and in the direction of rationality.... " (Flexner, 1925).


Journalists and media personnel while engaged in dangerous
professional missions in areas of armed conflict or in similar situations constantly face risks and are at times subjected to deliberate attacks. In such situations, provided that they do not partake in direct hostilities,
they are civilians that share the rights and duties of any member of the civilian population and deserve the protection given unto them within the rules of international humanitarian law. Thus, renewed attention
should be given by States and non-State actors on the responsibility to protect journalists and media personnel in the zones of armed conflict and to remind all parties in armed conflict of the need to ensure respect for the professional independence of journalists and media personnel. This responsibility encompasses the need to ensure respect for international humanitarian law during armed conflict which must then be translated into affirmative and collective action on the part of the State and non-State actors so that journalists and media personnel can enjoy the protection accrued to them under applicable international law and international humanitarian law. The Governments concerned must face up to this responsibility and accordingly encouraged by the international community to assume their responsibilities and not to shirk them.


In present, the Filters used for Beverages making i ndustries are very bulky in shape and give low outl et discharge. Hence they are less efficient .Therefore there is a need to design compact, fully automated unit that produces completely clear liquor and clear lime mud in the same machine. This Report highlights the de sign of new filter which fulfill the requirements of bevera ges making industries for filteration.For making fi lteration more feasible, unit is to be design in which multip le no. of disc comprising of blades is to be mounte d on a shaft for filteration. Multiple discs will get patterned throughout the shaft and number of disc decides the capacity of filter.The special arrangement of Two cake discharg e blades (scrapper remover) on both sides of each d isc suspended from a frame mounted on the tank and serve to deflect and guide the cake to the discharge ch utes. On large diameter filters,the blades are of the swing type that float to maintain the cake to disc cleara nce and so allow for the wobble of the turning discs.


Migration of sodium out of body cells has been assumed to account for discrepancies observed between total losses of this ion from the body and changes in the sodium content of the extracellular co...


Julie Norgaard & Camilla Mohring Reestorff: "Kierkegaard, Antiphilosophy and Global Migration in Make Denmark Danish" Through a reading of Soren Kierkegaard this article studies negotiations of global migration and national identity as it unfolds in DR1's TV-program Gor Danmark Dansk/Make Denmark Danish (2012). In the program three ethnic and three Muslim Danes have to live together and discuss "Danishness". Kierkegaard's depictions of the modern, dispassionate society (1846) are used to examine the program's articulation of a new inclusive national community. A comparative reading of Kierkegaard's (1843), Butler's (2000) and Honig's (2010) readings of Antigone suggests that the program's Muslim participants are staged as figures of transformation that bring forth a new national identity. Yet by reading the program through antiphilosophical (Lacan 1980; Badiou 2011; Groys 2012) lenses it becomes evident that the participants are "working the intervals" between imitating the program's prescribed ethical choice and claiming a postmetaphysical ethics.


The study focuses on the contemporary anti-cult movement in the Russian Federation. The object of the study is four large and active virtual groups dedicated to anti-cult themes. The research objectives are to identify the main characteristics of "sect" in the discourse of the anti-cult movement; to establish the specifics of the construction of the "sectarian" image in the anticult movement through the prism of modern media and to offer an analysis of the activities of the virtual groups' participants. The study found that anticult communities are platforms for polemics between followers and opponents of the anti-cult movement. They reproduce and offer their participants to complement and develop a negative image of a "sectarian". At the same time, judging by the materials of the communities, the anti-cult movement largely limits its activities to the space of the Network and, with a few exceptions, does not conduct any actions outside of it.


Abstract
Purpose
To examine – through video – the literate life as a school administrator through the use of multimodal interaction analysis (Norris, 2004) and dramaturgical metaphors (Goffman, 1959) in order to address how school administrators use language – both verbal and nonverbal language – to negotiate the roles they play with various audiences in daily interactions.

Methodology/approach
While studies on communication in school administration focus on its practical, relational, and logistic aspects, they tend to neglect the truly complex nature of literacy, communication, and social interaction. Through the use of video, Multimodal Interaction Analysis (MMI), and dramaturgy, it is possible to capture and analyze language use in its totality – to explore how it truly works on the stage of school: a constant, overlapping marriage of nonverbal and verbal communicative modes that cannot be divorced and should not be examined separately. This chapter provides a progressive approach to help school administrators understand how their verbal and nonverbal language affects the interactions they have with various audiences every day.

Findings
The autoethnographic study revealed the intersection of language and leadership in the life of a school administrator. It also showed how video, multimodal interaction analysis, and dramaturgical metaphors can help educational leaders understand their own literate lives through new lenses and how they can grow from that understanding.

Practical implications
Continued studies using video, multimodal interaction analysis, and dramaturgical metaphors can further illuminate the complex language practices of school leaders and provide unique lenses to examine other school-based and non-school-based social interactions, so we can better understand the myriad roles we play and the language we use to negotiate those roles.


The methods of gemma production found in algae, bryophytes, and pteridophytes are considered in the light of those methods of conidium formation distinguished in fungi. Most gemmae are exogenous, but endogenous gemmae occur in a few Hepaticae. Solitary, blastic, sessile, or stalked gemmae, not accompanied by proliferation of the gemmifer, are found in the three groups of cryptogams. Gemmae produced from acropetally formed chains of initials are found in Hepaticae and Musci, and those from basipetally delimited chains of initials are found in Hepaticae only. In Hepaticae the gemmifers do not proliferate or extend, but in other groups solitary terminal gemmae can be formed on successive proliferations or extensions of the gemmifers. Thus, gemmae can arise on lateral, subterminal proliferations of the gemmifer in Musci and Filicales, and on percurrent proliferations of the gemmifer in algae and Musci. Also in Musci the gemmifer may bear a distal meristematic cell which cuts off a basipetal succession of gemm...


A common approach in the quantitative analysis of geological samples by X-ray fluorescence is to establish calibration lines for elements of interest by using several reference materials (RMs) and/or the combination of RMs and pure chemicals. Herein, we introduce an alternative to use only two RMs, to establish a calibration application. Variation of the dilution factor is employed to generate a dynamic range of concentrations for each RM and to evenly furnish the calibration lines to analyze certain matrices. A wide range of dilution factors were employed from 2–54 times dilution (with respect to the flux to sample ratios). Calibration lines for the major elements including: Si, Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, Mn, and Ti show an extremely high level of linearity with all elements. R2 values greater than 0.9990 were obtained for each analyzed element. The calibration application was validated by checking against a variety of geological RMs including petroleum and carbonate rich shale (SGR-1), Muscovite rich marine shale (SBC-1), metamorphic rock (SDC-1), carbonatite (COQ-1), and types of igneous rocks (GSP-2, BCR-2, AGV-2, QLO-1, and W-2). Mixtures of Alumina and Silica (ARG-1 and ARG-2) and pure SiO2 beads were also analyzed to further check the application. Rigorous statistical analysis on the RMs confirms the reliability of the calibration application for the employed matrices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Aqueous polymer emulsions were prepared by chemical modifications of thermosetting alternating polyketones in a single one-pot reaction. Polymeric amines derived from the polyketones can act as polymeric surfactants for the self-emulsification of thermosetting polyketones. The stability and structure of the resulting emulsions with respect to the storage time at room temperature (20 °C) at different experimental conditions were thoroughly studied by dynamic light scattering, rheology, and Cryo-SEM. Emulsions with an average particle size smaller than 1 μm and a viscosity less than 1 Pa s could be achieved and remained stable for at least 2 years. The prepared emulsions were qualified as wood adhesives for the wood composite industry, according to the European Standard for wood adhesive testing.


Maintenance of medical record documents is a combination of various activities undertaken to maintain documents and production facilities including other production equipment or to repair them to a condition that is well accepted. Physical danger is damage to documents caused by sunlight, rain, flood, heat and humidity. Chemical hazard is document damage caused by food, beverages, and chemicals. Biological hazard is document damage caused by rats, cockroaches, and termites. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of maintenance of medical record documents in the room Dr. hospital filling Pirngadi Medan in 2019. This type of research is a description of the interview and observation methods. The place of research was conducted at Dr. Pirngadi Medan due to the inability of maintaining medical record documents. When the study was conducted in March-April 2019. Population and samples used were all medical record storage officers, amounting to 3 people. Based on the results of the study, there were still racks that used wood and did not use rool o'pack cabinets, there are damaged medical record documents that have not been replaced with new ones due to lack of cover inventory. The temperature and humidity of the room in the storage room are less controlled. The conclusion of this study is that the maintenance of medical record documents has not been carried out because the shelves are still made from wood and the lack of storage rack facilities make medical records documents partially placed under the floor. The suggestion from this research is that it is better to use a rool o'pack cupboard and keep the air conditioner on for 24 hours according to the theory.


Drug addiction is frequently associated with lesions of the cerebrospinal system as cause or effect. It is comparatively simple to recognize many of the pathologic conditions resulting from drug addiction; but it is difficult to clear up the obscure etiology usually lying back of the addiction itself. Outside of cases manifestly artificially induced. it is rare to find an instance of drug habit which is not engrafted on underlying neuropathologic soil. Among artificially induced cases may be cited those of persons who have blundered into the habit through taking alcohol as a tonic, or as a hypnotic, or as a sedative in dysmenorrhea, or through the use of morphin to relieve pain such as that incident on gall-stone colic or neuralgia. In this class also are those cases induced through social customs and prejudices, such as the custom of treating; that of giving young children alcoholic beverages in the belief


We report measurements of a neutral strongly coupled plasma generated by focusing a femtosecond-duration laser pulse into a room-temperature gas jet. The ion temperature in this plasma is determined by the plasma density through the disorder-induced heating effect. We present measurements of the mass, radius, and energy dependence of the time-varying ion density as the plasma expands. Molecular dynamics model indicate that higher values of the strong coupling parameter could be achieved if the plasma is ionized again by a second laser pulse that follows the first one. However, the final value of the coupling parameter appears to be only weakly dependent on the final ionization state.


In the procedures of designing polystyrene-polyvinyl alcohol-CH (carbon and hydrogen elements) (PS-PVA-CH) triple-layer microspheres, there are many methods such as drop-tower technique, emulsion micro-encapsulation, dip (spin) coating, interfacial polycondensation, and spraying technique to prepare the PVA coating. Drop-tower technique, emulsion micro-encapsulation and dip (spin) coating are most-commonly used. The advantages, disadvantages and the research progress of the three methods are summarized in this paper. Emulsion micro-encapsulation is suitable for preparing double-layer microspheres of sizes smaller then 500 m, with high survival ratio and good quality. However,the preparation process is easily influenced by artificial factors. Small-sized double-layer microspheres can also be prepared by the drop-tower technique, and the preparation period is short. But there are still some problems such as the difficulty in designing thedroplet generator, uneven PVA coating and the difficulty in preparing large-sized microspheres. Dip (spin) coating technique can be used to prepare PS-PVA microspheres with sizes larger than 1000 m, but the spread of PVA coating is affected by many factors in this method, and the prepared PVA coating is too thin and not uniform.


Blockade of RANK ligand (RANKL) by denosumab results in a complete inhibition of osteoclast development and activity, continuous BMD gains, and short-term and long-term fracture risk reductions. Upon cessation of therapy, a transient rebound in bone turnover and rapid BMD loss occur. This has been known since the early days of denosumab therapy, and was pointed out as potentially clinically relevant many years before the first vertebral fracture upon cessation of denosumab was identified. Indeed, 1% to 10% of patients interrupting therapy may experience vertebral fractures. This rate depends on whether only clinical or morphometric fractures are evaluated, as well as on the baseline risk profile, and probably on other parameters, such as previous exposure to bisphosphonates (BPs), which may temperate the intensity of the bone turnover rebound. Yet the mechanisms of this rebound remain speculative. One is the probable overexpression of RANK/RANKL and the targeting of a growing pool of osteoclast precursors or "recycled," but inactive, osteoclasts that will engage into synchronized differentiation. Another is a mechanostatic reset to a lower bone mass. Finally, it could also be a targeted repair of accumulated microdamage leading to a transient decrease in bone strength. Accordingly, BPs, particularly zoledronate, have been recommended after denosumab to prevent a bone turnover rebound and maintain BMD gains. However, a first small study of patients receiving zoledronate after denosumab had pointed out that preservation of bone mass could be only partial, particularly if the infusion occurred at a time when resorbing areas had not yet been reactivated. In contrast, a recent reanalysis of the Denosumab-Alendronate Preference Study (DAPS) in patients crossing over from denosumab to alendronate showed no rebound in bone turnover after 6 and 12 months and preservation of BMD at 1 year, although this study is limited by the short exposure to denosumab (two injections). In this context, the observational study by Everts-Graber and colleagues published in this issue of the Journal of Bone Mineral Research (JBMR) provides some reassurance. A single infusion of zoledronate 6 months after the last denosumab injection partially preserved BMD gains—the post-zoledronate BMD remaining on average at two-thirds of the post-denosumab BMD gain—although the 95% CI indicates that some patients ended up lower than baseline. Clinical vertebral fractures were rare (1 per 100 patient-years) and apparently no one suffered from multiple vertebral fractures. These results are consistent with another recent randomized study of zoledronate postdenosumab also showing no BMD loss (on average) and very low vertebral fracture risk within 2 years. Note, however, that both studies were performed in subjects treated with denosumab for at most 2 to 3 years, and would therefore require confirmation in patients with longer periods of exposure. Indeed, with greater BMD gains upon long-term treatment, the intensity of the rebound and amount of BMD losses could be even greater. The study by Everts-Graber and colleagues actually shows some correlation between gains in spine BMD on denosumab and losses off denosumab, similar to the observations from the Fracture Reduction Evaluation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis Every 6 Months (FREEDOM) trial. This might reflect the fact that BMD gains are initially dependent on the extent of the bone remodeling space—itself a reflection of the pretreatment level of bone turnover—therefore, patients with higher intrinsic levels of bone remodeling gain more bone on therapy and therefore lose more bone off therapy. Translated to the clinic it suggests that levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs) prior to therapy could be useful to identify subjects more susceptible to rapid bone loss off therapy, and for whom the efficacy of a single infusion of zoledronate, particularly if administered immediately 6 months after the last denosumab, could be insufficient. Those patients could therefore need to be treated longer with denosumab and/or more aggressively with BPs thereafter. Nevertheless, we should not be too confident at this stage because the study by Everts-Graber and colleagues has several limitations. First, of the 336 patients who stopped denosumab, only 120 could be included in the study. No information is provided on fracture rates in the remainder, so we do not know if the vertebral fracture incidence with zoledronate is actually lower than without. Second, the post-denosumab DXA was performed 1 to 4 years after zoledronate; hence, we cannot fully appreciate to which extent the early bone loss was prevented—although the average BMD in the patients remeasured between 12 and 23 months after zoledronate appeared similar to the BMD measured in some patients later on. Moreover, BTMs were available only in very few subjects and were collected late; hence, no real information on the capacity to block the bone turnover rebound is available. Third, 50% of the patients had previously been exposed to BPs. Although previous BP treatment within 2 years or more before denosumab appeared to make no difference on the final BMD level, no details regarding the duration and type of exposure are


The coupling action and synchronization of the current oscillation for two copper wire anodes in phosphoric acid solution are studied. The potential between the working and reference electrodes and the interval between two copper wires are adjusted in the experiment. The periods and amplitudes of current oscillation are strongly dependent on the potential and the electrode interval. The differences between the signals of the two electrodes lead coupling action, make waves modulation and lead more complex oscillation behavior. Waveforms depend on the potential and coupling strength. The k/n phaselockand quasiperiod synchronization of current oscillation for different electrodes are found. Strongly coupling will tend to lead the synchronization of current oscillation for different electrodes. With the increase of the interval between the copper wires, synchronization is hard to be found. The coupling mechanism and emergence of special oscillation are analyzed and discussed.


Amorphous carbon is used as coating material for computer hard-disks magnetic media and recording heads. There has been significant improvement in understanding amorphous carbon's properties based on experimental observations. High data storage density requirement in the coming years necessitates the use of an ultrathin carbon overcoat while maintaining or enhancing its tribological, thermal, optical, and corrosion properties for better recording performance and reliability. Along with experimental techniques, atomistic simulations can be a useful tool to provide fundamental understanding, especially in the cases where experiments are not adequate. This review gives an overview of how atomistic modeling can provide insights into amorphous carbon properties and discuss challenges for such modeling.


The study intends to show the relationship between various social and physical attributes of demographic concerns in historical perspective. In the present research work, attempts are being made to make a correlation between the factors of demographic and physical variables that these factors are having a direct or indirect influence on the total participation of population in various economic activities. Variations in the total participation of female in various economic activities is because of the fact that some areas in Haryana are having favourable conditions to start the work of their choices like north-east of study area, while some areas not suitable to carry out the activity of different nature. With the help of present research work, we will be in such a position to find out the striking features of immediate concerns to the planner, demographers, sociologists and geographer as like. The society as whole has changed very fast in recent decades due the impact of market forces and their priorities automatically also changed under the pressure of economic liberalisation and industrialisation at global level. The traditional setup of society has altered under the influence of economic liberalisation and that has caused the diversified system of economic activities like agroprocessing, growing of commercial crops (sugarcane, cotton and other plantations) and in turn the contribution of female is not less significant when we consider the role of that in overall development of economy. Today, large number of women are interested to participate in the out-door economic activities to give a helping hand to the family income.


Discrete calibration is a widely used calibration method because of its principle's simplicity. However the calibration result may suffer errors for its limitations on precision. In this article, the roots of the calibration error equations of FOG are calculated firstly, and the effect of calibration errors to the precision of AHRS is analysed. Secondly, a series of simulations are run in order to observe the effect of the calibration to the precision of AHRS. Finally, the simulation results are correspondent to the theoretical calculation, which thus proves the correctness of theoretical deduction.


We present an exact full symmetry analysis of the 0-$\pi$ superconducting circuit. We identify points in control parameter space of enhanced anomalous symmetry, which imposes robust twofold degeneracy of its ground state, that is for all values of the energy parameters of the model. We show, both analytically and numerically, how this anomalous symmetry is maintained in the low-energy sector, thus providing us with a strong candidate for robust qubit engineering.


In general, as biology departments at four‐year colleges and universities have bolstered the curriculum in cell and molecular biology and emphasized the increasing importance of ecological study, the amount of curricular space for organismal level courses has decreased. In the anatomical realm, classical embryology and histology have been pushed aside to make room for other priorities. Each of the few remaining courses offers a limited view of anatomical science as a whole. Given that students struggle to make room for even a single anatomical course in their undergraduate program, they are left with an incomplete perspective on animal form and function and are underprepared for the rigors of medical school and other professional programs. In this presentation, I summarize initial data resulting from an informal survey I conducted among the four‐year institutions in Washington State and suggest how the undergraduate anatomy curriculum might be modified to meet student needs (both pre‐health career students and "regular" biology majors) given the constraints of staffing and time. While here I concentrate primarily on content, attention must also be paid to pedagogy and assessment.


W.C. Braithwaite's The Second Period of Quakerism is over ninety years old, and remains the standard work on Quakerism in the later seventeenth century and the beginning of the eighteenth. This paper suggests possible contents for a new book on the Quaker history of that period. It would deal with Quakerism as it was on both sides of the Atlantic. It would draw on the many books, articles and theses now available on particular aspects of this time, but its authors would also need to undertake new research. In particular, there is archive material requiring exploration, and a study of George Whitehead is urgently needed.


Innovation is considered the main factor of social and economic
development and the source of competitiveness of regions and
countries. The research into innovation systems concentrates on
innovative regions mainly and these are especially metropolitan
and urban areas. By contrast, small attention is devoted to the
innovation development in peripheral or rural regions. The aim
of this paper is to apply the theory of the regional innovation
systems typology and find relevant indicators that can be used
as a basis for the determination of peripheral regional
innovation systems at the level of Czech regions. Applying the
point method and the cluster analysis, we found out that the
definition of peripheral regions fits the best regions
Vysocina, Usti, South Bohemian and Karlovy Vary. In peripheral
regions, the strategy of catching up with the more developed
regions is recommended for the innovation policy. These regions
should focus on attracting external actors, supporting
businesses to be founded, and generally, support for small and
medium-sized enterprises and links to external clusters and
knowledge organizations. For innovations to develop in this
type of regions it is essential and of key importance to gain a
long-term public support from the state or the regional
government.


The pattems of variability in the production of staminate inflorescences, pistillate flowers, and fruits for Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch and C. tomentosa (Poir.) Nutt. at Hutcheson Memorial Forest (Somerset County, New Jersey) were examined over a four-year period. We sought to determine 1) the pattems of variability in flowering and fruiting (within-trees, among-trees, and between-years), 2) if variable flowering might account for observed nut-bearing pattems, and 3) what were the relative contributions of intrinsic (genetic) and/or extrinsic (environmental) factors in determining flower production and fruit set. In general, our fine-scale analysis of shoots within canopies did not reveal a distinct mast fruiting pattem. While the number of male and female flowers varied significantly (among trees and between years), fruit set was not markedly affected. Variability of flowering and fruiting among shoots within trees was low. Both flowering and fruiting were observed to have a strong genetic and/or microenvironmental basis; however, flowering appeared more plastic and thus more sensitive to yearly environmental vagaries than did fruiting. Favorable environmental conditions at the time of flower differentiation may result in increased flower production; but, this does not necessarily result in increased fruit set. Many pistillate flowers abscise around the time of pollination and fertilization, apparently adjusting fruit set to available shoot resources. Approximately 50% of the pistillate flowers of both species fail to set fruit. Overall, individual trees exhibit their own flowering and fruiting schedules, suggesting the need to account for this level of variability in future studies of mast fruiting.


Stepping up the timing is necessary in order to improve on the dual structure of the current labor market and achieve 'structural reform (Labor innovation) of the labor market'. However, there have been fundamental disagreements within the tripartite of labor, management, and government on a basic understanding of the employment situation and comprehensive countermeasures for irregular positions. It is very difficult to reach compromise and concession and resolve these problems in a short period of time. This thesis deals with the direction of government labor policy by first seeking to explain the necessity for such labor market policy and protection of employees in accordance with changes in the labor market (II). I also look into labor market law in the structure of labor laws (III), and the constitution and the legal principles behind labor market law (IV). Then, I review major issues in the basic direction of labor market policy and employee protections (V). For the purpose of labor reform that promotes flexibility in the labor market, the major issues where change is needed include retirement age extension, enlarging the scope of ordinary wage, shortening working hours, protecting irregular employees (Short-term Employees Act; Dispatched Workers Act), and loosening the strict regulations on dismissal. Labor market policy has been introduced through various means such as granting incentives to the relevant parties and utilizing market functions. In the process of drafting labor market law policy, labor and management both are becoming more important in terms of participation than before. Furthermore, personnel within labor and management organizations are needing more and more to possess the ability to design policies that suit the times. Cooperation between labor and management is also desperately needed to realize the policies the government is striving to accomplish. From now on, labor reforms should introduce flexibility in the labor market and employment security, with flexibility in the type of employment as well. When the tripartite of labor, management, and government fulfill their roles appropriately, labor reform can be successful.


Background: Nucleotide excision repair and the ATR-mediated DNA damage checkpoint responses are genetically coupled. Results: We have analyzed the basic steps of ATR activation in a biochemically defined system. Conclusion: ATR signaling requires enlargement of the DNA excision gap by EXO1. Significance: The six excision repair factors, ATR-ATRIP, TopBP1, and EXO1 constitute the minimum essential set of proteins for ATR-activation upon UV-induced DNA damage. DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoints work in concert to help maintain genomic integrity. In vivo data suggest that these two global responses to DNA damage are coupled. It has been proposed that the canonical 30 nucleotide single-stranded DNA gap generated by nucleotide excision repair is the signal that activates the ATR-mediated DNA damage checkpoint response and that the signal is enhanced by gap enlargement by EXO1 (exonuclease 1) 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity. Here we have used purified core nucleotide excision repair factors (RPA, XPA, XPC, TFIIH, XPG, and XPF-ERCC1), core DNA damage checkpoint proteins (ATR-ATRIP, TopBP1, RPA), and DNA damaged by a UV-mimetic agent to analyze the basic steps of DNA damage checkpoint response in a biochemically defined system. We find that checkpoint signaling as measured by phosphorylation of target proteins by the ATR kinase requires enlargement of the excision gap generated by the excision repair system by the 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity of EXO1. We conclude that, in addition to damaged DNA, RPA, XPA, XPC, TFIIH, XPG, XPF-ERCC1, ATR-ATRIP, TopBP1, and EXO1 constitute the minimum essential set of factors for ATR-mediated DNA damage checkpoint response.


Ad-hoc wireless networks have been receiving increasing attention in the research community as well as the industry. Ad-hoc wireless networks are distributed systems formed spontaneously without relying on existing infrastructure. It's formed from wireless mobile nodes which can move around freely; dynamically self-organize into temporary network topologies. Currently there are certain tools available to the network administrators to discover the mobile network nodes automatically. However monitoring is more difficult in networks where the topology changes very frequently such as Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET). In this paper, an SNMP based framework that is distributed and used to collect statistics from any interface is discussed. This paper outlines the experience of implementation of a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent based


Zhao, Sandy D. Der and Cynthia A. ChambersJoonsoo Kang, Brian DiBenedetto, Kavitha Narayan, Hanghttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/173/4/2307J Immunol€2004; 173:2307-2314; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/173/4/2307.full#ref-list-1This article cites 49 articles, 25 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai.org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:


Religious marketing has risen substantially over the past two decades due to a confluence of societal changes, notably the freedom to determine one's faith and the ubiquity of mass media with its concomitant advertising. Specifically, branding—a marketing tool whereby a product is given an identity beyond its physical attributes or services—is now being employed by an increasing number of Churches. Two recent branding campaigns—one by the Church of Scientology, the other by the United Methodist Church—provide case studies of how Churches are becoming increasingly sophisticated in their use of marketing. Beyond simply promoting their products, these campaigns use branding to solve multiple marketing issues, from improving a sagging public reputation to re-positioning traditional denominations.


Kinetic equations, which explicitly take into account the branching nature of sandpile avalanches, are derived. The dynamics of the sandpile model is described by the generating functions of a branching process. Having used the results obtained the renormalization group approach to the critical behavior of the sandpile model is generalized in order to calculate both critical exponents and height probabilities.


Archives have the characteristic of certain confidentiality,so the archival work also has a certain degree of confidentiality.The arrival of electronic information era has changed the way of existence of the archives.The dependence,the fluidity and the easy modification of the electronic archives make the measures which were fit for the traditional paper archives cannot fully applicable to the security management of the electronic archives.According to our country's electronic information laws,the article has discussed the security work of the electronic archives and put forward some proposals,such as the establishment of rules and regulations,the improvement of standards and management system and at the same time do the confidentiality of the electronic files with the technical means.


On November 13, 2001, the President issued an Executive Military Order that gave him the power to declare individuals unlawful combatants and detain them indefinitely, thus curtailing their rights with respect to criminal charges, a trial, and legal counsel. This Order began the infamous detentions at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, a base over which the United States has overall "control and jurisdiction," but where "ultimate sovereignty" remains with the Cuban government. Over the past seven years, the Supreme Court has consistently questioned the legality of indefinite detentions of enemy combatants at Guantanamo because of the base's geographic and historical relationship to the United States. After the Court's decisions in Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, Rasul v. Bush, and Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, all of which conferred certain fundamental rights on detainees held at Guantanamo or within the UNITED


Toxic chemicals commonly found in art materials pose potential health risks for unaware artists. These health risks, ranging from minor skin irritation to serious damage to kidneys, lungs, heart and other vital organs, can be minimized through prevention and simple precautions. This article discusses various hazardous chemicals found in common art materials and the ways in which these chemicals can enter the body, along with various factors that influence the degree of risk to an artist. Precautions that should be taken are outlined.


Operations conducted at a launching site on any space vehicle program are a result of all contributions to the launching operation team from the many sources of origin concerned with the vehicle. Recognizably, therefore, these contributions vary from contractor to contractor. The following paper is based on the general launching techniques developed and followed by one of the contractors at the Atlantic Missile Range. Launching procedures are the recommended methods and operations necessary in testing, checking and preparing a space vehicle for flight. They are the culmination of all previous experiences, studies and tests formed into a written chronological schedule to check and test each critical flight component and operation in proper sequence. The procedures are accomplished by a group of engineers, technicians and various other specialists organized into a well-coordinated team.


Metallic nanoparticle assemblies can be organized in accordance with the helical structure of the cholesteric liquid crystalline phase. The liquid crystals used having a glassy state, the nanostructures could be examined by transmission electron microscopy. The platinum nanoparticles form periodic ribbons which mimic the well-known fingerprint cholesteric texture. The nanoparticles do not decorate the texture but create a novel structure with a larger helical pitch. The distance between the ribbons is directly correlated to the cholesteric periodicity which therefore becomes a simple control parameter to tune the structuring of nanoparticles.


Daniel Reischert Institut fur Informatik II University of Bonn Romerstrafie 164, D--53117 Bonn, Germany daniel~cs. uni-bonn. de http: //web. cs .bonn. edu/II/staff /daniel A new non-modular algorithm for the computation of (sub-) resultants is proposed. It combines the technique of half– gcd and the structure of subresultants This leads to running time of 0(n2+C sl+' ) in the case of univariate polynomials of degree n with coefficients of size s. Brown's and Collins' no~l-modu]ar algorithm needs time of 0(rz3+C sl 'c) for this task, if fast multiplication methods are used. An analogous speed–up is obtained in the multivariate case.


ABSTRACT Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics was employed in the present two-dimensional simulations, thus the algorithms implemented for both continuous and dispersed phase share a common Lagrangian stencil. The results were benchmarked against those produced in earlier investigations of particle deposition resulting from the flow around a stationary square obstacle. The proposed numerical procedure also facilitates the investigation of the fundamental physics governing the transport of resuspended particles in the wake of a moving operator, e.g., inside cleanroom facilities. Aiming to illustrate this capability, the dispersion of neutrally suspended particles behind an impulsively-started plate has been numerically simulated. Two distinct particle dispersion patterns, characterized by different Reynolds numbers, have been obtained for this problem. Altogether the results have demonstrated the accuracy of the method and associated advantages for multiphase flow studies, especially in cases involving moving boundaries due to its mesh-free nature. Copyright © 2016 American Association for Aerosol Research


In March and April of 2013,nucleus-inserting operation was conducted with the donor and host oysters sampled from the progeny stocks produced by the introduced breeders from Indonesia.The total number of host oyster was 8086.Retention rate and survival rate were estimated after the host oysters were recuperated for 20 days in the sea.Survival rates were calculated at culturing times.Differences in retention rate and survival rate of the host oysters treated in March and April were also evaluated.The results showed that mean values of retention rate and survival rate were 97.57% and 90.69%,respectively,after host oysters were recuperated for 20 days in the sea.Mean survival rate of the host oysters was 81.22%,when they were cultured for approximately 3months.The host oysters treated in April showed higher retention rate and survival rate than those treated in March.However,the differences were not significant between the two groups(P 0.05).The present results are helpful for pearl production by pearl oyster Pinctada maxima.


Chinese modern writer Eileen Chang influenced by traditional Chinese culture and western culture. Starting from the perspective of western culture, by in contrast to the western culture Chinese traditional culture, makes her stand out in a crowd. However, she'd had a secretive and complex relationship with western culture. The synchronization between the work and the western modernism literature is unavoidable problems in the study. This paper selected Jin Suo Ji as a representative sample to explore the correspondence between text and the western modernism literature,to interpret Eileen Chang's works that in order to reveal the intrinsic reason of human desolation and despair of the essence of existence.


In the early 1590s, Philip II of Spain recognized that the royal treasury was exhausted. In an effort to recoup monetary resources, he imposed several taxes in the American viceroyalties. One of them was the composicion (settlement) for foreigners. The composicion has been interpreted as a way of legalization and regularization of illegal foreigners. We argue instead that composicion was a penalty, executed by the king in order to distribute Royal Patronage. We analyze its origins and transformations, as well as the problems experienced by the king's servants, and the solutions they found for its application in Mexico between 1595 and 1694. Finally, we examine how the composicion was received and the impact it had on foreigners.


Based on the silicon minority carrier lifetime measurement system applying microwave frequency shift(FS)method,combining sampling circuit with pulse counter to detect the reflect microwave attenuation signals can avoid the affect of background noise in detecting the decay curve by using the oscilloscope,and can make the detecting instrument more compact and portable.The reflect waveforms under different states are analyzed and the circuits for signal sampling and timing are designed for the reflect microwave.It is showed that the experimental results coincide with the observing decay curve obtained by oscilloscope,proving the feasibility of this new design.


The TOTEM experiment at the LHC at CERN is optimized to measure elastic and diffractive scattering at the LHC and measures the total proton-proton cross-section with the luminosity-independent method. The TOTEM experiment uses the special technique of movable beam pipe insertions – called Roman Pots – to detect very forward protons. The reconstruction of the forward proton kinematics requires the precise understanding of the LHC beam optics. A new method of LHC optics determination is reported, which exploits kinematical distributions of elastically scattered proton-proton data measured by the Roman Pots of the TOTEM experiment. The method has been successfully applied to data samples recorded since 2010. The interpretation of the proton-proton elastic differential cross-section is a challenging task. The geometrical model of proton-proton elastic scattering of Bialas and Bzdak is fitted to ISR data and to data measured by the TOTEM experiment at LHC energy of √ s = 7 TeV. The Bialas-Bzdak model is generalized and improved in order to give a satisfactory and unified description of the ISR and LHC data. The improved model is extrapolated to future LHC energies and beyond.


Monosodium glutamate (MSG), more specifically monosodium l-glutamate, is used in large quantities as a flavor enhancer throughout the world. The world capacity for production of MSG continues to increase. Demand is expected to increase in developing countries as its use in commercially prepared packaged foods, ready-made soups, and as a table seasoning increase Monosodium l-glutamate, , crystallizes from aqueous solution at room temperature as rhombic prisms. Commercially preferred crystals for use as flavor enhancement are obtained by crystallization in the presence of amino acids such as alanine. Glutamic acid-producing microorganisms are distributed widely throughout the natural environment. They are classified taxonomically as the Micrococcus, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, and Aerobacter sp. and Microbacterium genera. Most of these microorganisms are gram-positive, nonspore-forming, nonmotile, and require biotin for growth. The carbon sources for biosynthesis of glutamic acid include acetic acid and the commonly used carbohydrates. For industrial production, molasses and starch hydrolyzate are generally used at present. Monosodium l-glutamate elicits a unique taste, known as umami, which is different from the four basic tastes of sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. l-Glutamic acid is employed as a pharmaceutical and raw material for cosmetics. The acute toxicity of MSG is low. The main use of MSG is as a food ingredient. No specific toxic effects, and no evidence for carcinogenicity or mutagenicity have been demonstrated.

Keywords:

Monosodium glutamate (MSG);
Fermentation process;
Umami;
L-Glutamic acid;
Taste;
Chinese restaurant syndrome;
Flavor enhancer


This article establishes that there was considerable diversity in the size and composition of the kin group within the household that is not captured by the conventional classification of family systems according to the relative proportions of simple and complex household forms. Three case studies are presented from England, Corsica and Hungary. English households fulfilled an important welfare role in that they incorporated relatives and non-relatives who were not members of core families (couples or parent(s) and unmarried child(ren). The societies of Corsica and Hungary provided a greater proportion of their populations with membership of a core family. Most accounts of the nature of family and household patterns in the past rely heavily, and sometimes exclusively, on the identification of household types in terms of their kinship structure. The basic classification distinguishes the households of solitaries, households lacking a conjugal family unit, simple family households, comprising married couples living alone and married couples and lone parents with their unmarried children, and more complex residence groups (for details of the classifications, see Laslett and Wall 1972, which modifies an earlier classification of Louis Henry). In a further simplification many comparisons of household structures across Europe have concentrated on just two of these household types, the proportion of simple family households relative to the number of complex households, despite Laslett's insistence that this was only one way of recording household forms. The aim of this chapter is to return to this issue by examining the composition of households from a number of different perspectives, taking note both of the extent of the differences and some similarities among communities located in different parts of Europe. * Address all communications to Richard Wall, Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure 27, Prumpington Street, Cambridge C B 2 1QA,


The study considers a method of deep machine learning of a decision-making support system of control of a power unit of a thermal power plant. We developed a method within the framework of information-extreme intelligent technology, it is based on maximization of informational capacity of a control system in the process of machine learning. We developed categorical models of information-extreme machine learning with optimization of control tolerances to recognition attributes and levels of selection of coordinates of averaged binary vector-realizations of recognition classes. We considered a modified Kullback information criterion as a criterion for optimization of learning parameters. We implemented algorithms of machine learning with polymodal and unimodal decisive rules. We formed a learning matrix based on archival data of the operation of Shostka thermal and power plant. The results of physical modeling showed that the use of polymodal decisive rules does not provide a high functional efficiency of machine learning. We ordered the alphabet of recognition classes to the magnitude of deviation of a functional state of the technological process from the standard regime for the application of unimodal decisive rules. At the same time, we constructed unimodal decisive rules according to geometric parameters of hyper-spherical containers of recognition classes х by the enclosed structure. We proved experimentally that the use of the unimodal classifier gives possibility to construct decisive rules, which error-free by a learning matrix. The obtained results give possibility to provide high functional efficiency of machine learning of control systems of technological processes whose classes of recognition intersect substantially in a space of attributes.


Laser diodes are widely used in our daily life due to their light weight, low cost, high luminous efficiency, and easy adjustment of power through driving current. However, their laser frequencies are easily affected by the environment temperature and the injection current, hence it cause them to be unstable, in addition, the laser gain curve often has a large linewidth, these characteristics make the research and application so inconvenient.


"Virtual Reality + Education" provides students with virtual simulation experimental environment with its virtuality, immersion and experience, which can improve the learning effectiveness and learning enthusiasm of students. Due to the constraints of conditions, some experiments with high risk and high experimental equipment prices cannot be carried out effectively in the college practical teaching. How to break the bottleneck of practical teaching in colleges and universities, and improve the effectiveness of college teaching through "virtual reality + education" is urgent and imminent. Taking the current situation of college practical teaching as starting point, this paper discusses and researches the feasibility and effectiveness of the application of "virtual reality + education" in college practical teaching combining with the development of virtual reality technology. It is expected to provide reference for the academic research and practical application of the emerging field "virtual reality + education" in the future.


Malaysia's education system has taken action to implement Malaysia's Education Development Plan 2015-2025 in response to the needs of the latest economic and educational revolution. The plan emphasises critical thinking abilities and STEM knowledge as key factors. However, an assessment approach that does not contain both parts is one factor contributing to the plan's lack of accessibility. Bloom's taxonomy is presented as a technique for determining the level of difficulty of assessment in STEM disciplines. One of the statistics courses was chosen to represent STEM. An essential approach has been implemented, which includes a qualitative method. The quality of an assessment question can be determined using a document analysis technique that involves reviewing a collection of question items, as well as revising Bloom's guidelines, verbs, and taxonomy descriptions for the course.


Morphology and morphometrics of Pratylenchus sp. from aster in Florida, mum and artemisia in Japan (P pseudocoffeae), coffee in Costa Rica and Guatemala (putative populations of P gutierrezi), citrus in Florida (P coffeae), and coffee in Indonesia (P coffeae) were studied to: i) compare the morphologies of the lesion nematodes from aster and those of P. gutierrezi, P. pseudocoffeae, and P coffeae, ii) describe the morphological variability of putative P gutierrezi populations originating from coffee in Costa Rica and Guatemala, and iii) characterize the en face lip morphology of P. coffeae from the type host and near the type locale in Java, Indonesia. Pratylencl2us coffeae from citrus in Florida differed from all other populations, including P coffeae from coffee in Indonesia, in having medial and lateral lips that were fused rather than separate, when viewed en face with scanning electron microscopy. Pharyngeal overlap length and distance from the base of the oesophageal gland lobe to the head end were the only morphometric characters of diagnostic value to separate female P. p.seudocoffeae from P gutierrezi and P coffeae from Indonesia. Pratylenchus pseudocoffeae females also had subhemispherical or hemispherical tails with smooth termini vs subcylindrical tails with bluntly rounded and sometimes coarsely annulated termini for P. gutierrezi., The Pratylenchus population from aster in Florida most closely resembled P pseudocoffeae based on tail and en,face lip morphology, long pharyngeal overlap (60.5-114.5 pm), long distance between the base of the oesophageal gland lobe to the head end (140.5-209.5 pm), and multivariate analyses of morphometric variables. The head pattern of P. coffeae from coffee in Indonesia differed from patterns previously attributed to this species and provides sufficient evidence to reconsider the taxonomic status of P coffeae, P gutierrezi, P. pseudocoffeae, and closely related species.


Since several years ago, some medicinal plants are being used for the treatment of diabetes. In this study the activity of Jatropha gaumeri on glucose concentration was evaluated in a diabetic rat model. This involves the induction of diabetes in the animal of study with alloxan, then the ethanolic extract of J. gaumeri leaves was administered orally at different doses to diabetic rats. The determination of glucose concentration was quantified every 24 h for one month before and after the gastric administration of each extract. The hypoglycemic effect of J. gaumeri was compared with the activity induced by glibenclamide and metformine. The results indicate that hypoglycemic effect exerted by the ethanolic extract of J. gaumeri was in a dosedependent manner and different with both metformin and glibenclamide. These results suggest that hypoglycemic activity induced by J. gaumeri is a dose dependent manner.


This contribution describes the history and activity of the Swiss 3R Competence Centre (3RCC), which has been founded in 2018. Among the most relevant activities, a call for project proposals on 3Rs was launched in 2018, with 47 proposals received for selection, followed by a call for nominations for a 3Rs award, which will be announced in Sept. 2019. Implementation of a 3Rs educational program has also been carried out since 2018. The 3RCC is also developing an e-Learning module to promote the implementation of alternatives to animal testing. Finally, the centre activity is addressed to help fostering good experimental design and biostatistics practices and support.


The reviews printed in this book are based on a series of lectures delivered under the auspices of the British Postgraduate Medical Federation. They differ from the articles found in more conventional types of Annual Review in that each author deals with a subject in which he is himself actively interested, and he presents his own views and opinions. This makes for lively reading. The range of subjects is so wide that they are difficult to classify, and it is perhaps a little unfair to select specific contributions for special mention since they all reach a very high standard, but certain articles interested me particularly, Biochemistry is well represented, and Lord Todd's article on " Phosphates in Vital Processes" explains why phosphoric acid is much better adapted than any other acid for the role it plays in metabolism. Klyne on " The Shapes of Molecules " explains with great clarity why stereochemical configuration determines the ability of molecules to combine, and why enzyme reactions are so specific. Nordin provides new data on blood-bone calcium equilibrium, Moss deals with isoenzymes, and Symington summarizes his views on the pathological physiology of the human adrenal cortex. Current interest in immunology is reflected in articles by Gell on hypersensitivity reactions and Miller on the functions of the thymus gland. Belcher reviews the newer radioactive tracer techniques which are used in clinical medicine, and Stevenson assesses critically the genetic hazards of radiation. An article of wide general interest by Oswald deals with the physiology of sleep and dreams. This volume can be strongly recommended to both clinicians and research workers both for its general interest and for the specialized information it contains. EDWARD WAYNE.


A computer simulation based on the modified mode-selection theory of the semiconductor laser with graded index-rod external coupled cavity (GRECC) is presented. It is found that the graded-index-rod (GRINROD) external coupled cavity improves the side-mode suppression greatly, and any displacement of the GRINROD with respect to the laser chip degrades optical coupling, thus reducing side-mode suppression. The tunable GRECC laser diode is presented. A tuning range of over 11 nm and side-mode suppression better than 35 dB have been obtained. Long-term center frequency fluctuations and drift of less than 2 MHz are achieved by frequency locking the GRECC laser diode to NH/sub 3/ absorption lines. A demonstration of its use in a frequency shift keying heterodyne experimental transmission system indicates that the tunable GRECC laser diode is a promising light source for coherent optical-fiber communication. >


An ultrasonic interferometer technique for measuring the temperature dependence of the relative change in elastic constants is described in detail. Results are reported for measurements carried out as a function of frequency from 10 mc/sec to 170 mc/sec, for compressional wave propagation along the [100] axis of silicon over a temperature range of −60° to +15°C.The mean value of (1/c11)(dc11/dT) obtained is 55.59±0.81×10−6 (°C)−1, and no frequency dependence of (1/c11)(dc11/dT) was found.


-A laboratory adsorption study was conducted on real life MSW landfill leachate to evaluate the attenuation capacity of commercial grade powdered activated carbon (PAC) for the removal of phenol and COD containing in leachate sample. Batch studies were performed to examine the effects of various experimental parameters like adsorbent dose, pH, speed of agitation on the removal of phenol and COD by PAC and to establish the different adsorption kinetics and isothermal models. All the above experimental parameters were found significant in the adsorption process and test data showed that PAC adsorption is an effective tool for the removal of phenol and organic load from the MSW landfill leachate.In the present study the optimum dose was found to be 0.4 g/L and the equilibrium time was observed as 3hr. The phenol and COD removal were found to be 97% and 92% respectively at optimum condition.The equilibrium data was fitted to pseudo second-order adsorption kinetic model with rate constant value as 9.347 mg/mg/min and 0.026 mg/mg/min for phenol and COD respectively. The equilibrium data of phenol absorbed onto PAC were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Dubinin– Radushkevich and Redlich–Peterson adsorption isotherm models. Redlich–Peterson adsorption isotherm model found to be the best fit with the experimental data for removal of phenol and Tempkin isotherm for COD removal.


This paper fits in the trend of discussing the efficiency of cryptocurrency markets. Since 2008, when Bitcoin appeared on the market, arbitrageurs from all over the world have been trying to find the gaps in the markets, which will let them earn risk-free money using financial operations. Although a lot of researchers are trying to figure out arbitrage opportunities, looking at different exchanges and using different cryptocurrencies, so far hardly anyone has looked at arbitrage opportunities with the use of FIAT currencies within the same or different exchanges. This paper examines such opportunities for three different exchanges, i.e. Kraken, Bitfinex and Bitstamp exchanges that enable trading in USD and EUR against Bitcoin at the same time. The main empirical results suggest that there are significant arbitrage opportunities on these markets. In the paper, we also show the main constraints in FIAT currencies arbitrage on cryptocurrency exchanges.


Applying conventional statistical techniques to cytogenetic data usually faces the problem of working with small numbers and many classes. We describe two techniques, one based on a binomial test procedure, the other on Monte Carlo simulations, aimed at studying the non‐randomness of chromosomal aberrations. Both techniques were used to study the distribution of breakpoints involved in variant Philadelphia translocations in chronic myeloid leukaemia. The results showed that 28 bands were non‐randomly rearranged (P 0.05). Furthermore, the probabilities calculated from the binomial test procedure were close to those calculated from the Monte Carlo simulations.


Allopurinol and 4-amino-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine N1-and N2-(D-arabinofuranosides) have been synthesized. Nucleobase anion glycosylation of 4-methoxy-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidine (7) with the α-D-arabinofuranosyl chloride 6a proceeds stereoselectively and affords the N1-(β-D-nucleoside) 8 as the main product (43% yield) together with the N2 isomer 10 (25% yield). The formation of the α anomer 9 (6% yield) results from the β-D-arabinofuranosyl chloride 6b being formed upon chlorination of the nitrobenzoate 5. Compounds were deprotected (11–13) and subjected to nucleophilic displacement reactions affording allopurinol and 8-aza-7-deazaadenine N1-and N2-(arabinonucleosides) 1b, 2b, 3, and 4b. The anomeric configuration and the position of glycosylation have been established by 1D 1H-NOE difference spectroscopy. Compound 3 has proved to be a substrate of adenosine deaminase with a half-life 100-fold longer than that of ara-A.


Objective:To study the effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis on metabolites of triptolide and triptonide in vivo and disclose the attenuation mechanism of Glycyrrhiza uralensis on Tripterygium wilfordii.Methods: The SD rats were divided into single and combined administration groups.The combined groups were injected with triptolide or triptonide after orally treated with extracts of Glycyrrhiza,while the single group was injected only with triptolide or triptonide.The metabolites of triptolide or triptonide in rat urine were identified and determinated by LC-MS/MS method to compare the difference of metabolites under two administration models.Res μlts: Five metabolites(+,m/z 377,359,359,359,375) of triptolide and three metabolites(+,m/z 413,397,375) of triptonide in rat urine were found under two administration models,respectively.The difference of the amount of metabolites under two administration models were significant.Conclusion: Under two administration models,there were some same metabolites of triptolide or triptonide,but the amount of metabolites were significant.


The epilepsies encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders with many underlying causes. They have a lifetime cumulative incidence of 3% [1], and genetic factors are thought to contribute to the aetiology in 40-60% of cases [2, 3]. There have been major recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of inherited epilepsies at a molecular level in humans and model organisms such as the mouse. It is already clear that a variety of molecular [...]