Objective To design and test a multi-function MRI phantom.Methods Polymethyl methacrylate components were machined,and assembled as a whole phantom according to the Chinese national medical industry standards.The particular features of phantom included three-dimensional positioning components,over-circumference stars(wedge) shaped modulation transfer function(MTF) test components,as well as the orthogonal two-test combinations.The testing effect of this self-designed multi-function MRI phantom was compared with that of similar American Magphan SMR170 phantom by imaging experiments.Results The imaging tests in clinical MR system(0.36T and 1.5T) proved that the phantom were able to test 12 parameters(position accuracy,relaxation,high contrast spatial resolution,low contrast object detectability,geometrical distortion,linearity,uniformity,SNR,fluid test,slice thickness,slice position accuracy and MTF)with good accuracy.The results of low contrast object detectability,MTF and relaxation were superior to those of American Magphan phantom.Conclusion The self-designed phantom has good performance in basic MRI quality control,able to be used as an effective alternation to similar foreign products,with lower cost and meeting the requirements of MRI quality control.


In a previous study, a fresh chili destemming system has been proposed, and the TCS3200 color sensor was used as low-cost equipment in the arrangement section of the system. However, the working and installing parameters have not yet been investigated in detail. This study focused on investigating the optimal working conditions of TCS3200 on the fresh chili destemming system. The study included three experiments including the effect of the red and green color channels, the effect of the height between the sensor and fruits, and the effect of the running velocity on the received signal level of the sensor. A total of 260 ripen fruits were chosen to test. The results showed that the red channel generated a stronger signal than the green one. The optimal height from the sensor to the fruits was obtained at 25 mm, and the maximum conveyor velocity is limited to 100 mm/s. This study helps to determine the optimal operating parameters and enhance the working ability of a low-cost sensor. However, the high-speed pushing actuating mechanism should be developed in further works.


Acute Renal Failure in a Calf In this case report, hemotologic, biochemical, blood gases, urinalysis and peritoneal fluid analysis were evaluated in a four months old simmental calf which was referred to the internal medicine clinic. Creatinin and urea concentrations were increased in serum and peritoneal fluid analysis, dansity was decreased in urine analysis. A defect was detected compatible with ruptur in bladder. In the present case report, acute renal failure related with postrenal obstruction due to a suspected a urolith was discussed


This research seeks to analyze or examine the basic principles and governance of education, education that has good management is of course a quality institution and has very good results as well. The research method used is in the form of a literature review analysis by looking for reading sources in the form of books, journals, or certain magazines and news. From the results of the study, it was found that educational governance is a very important factor in improving the quality of education, in managing an educational institution it is necessary to have principles in its management. Some of these principles should be a benchmark or the basis for determining the quality of good education.


We argue that a fixed exchange rate can be an optimal choice even if a policy maker could commit to the first-best monetary policy whenever the private sector's beliefs reflect incomplete information about the policy maker's dependability. This model implies that joining a currency area may be optimal for its impact not on the behavior of the policy maker, but on the beliefs of the private sector. Monetary policies are evaluated using a new Keynesian model of a small open economy solved under imperfect policy credibility. We quantify the minimum distance between announced policy and the private sector's beliefs that is necessary for a peg to perform better than an independent monetary policy when the policy maker can commit to the first-best policy.


Tanneries are such industries which contributes a major part in water usage. The tanning industry is familiar with its being a potentially pollution-intensive industry. The environmental impacts from tanneries result from liquid, solid and gaseous waste streams. Obviously the wastewater effluent from this unit contains considerable amounts of hazardous pollutants, and where heavy metals are very common. Manufacturing of leather and leather goods produces numerous by-products, solid wastes, high amounts of wastewater containing different loads of pollutants and emissions into the air. The results of the lab analysis of the industrial wastewater effluent show that the contamination is mainly due to High levels of Sulfides reach an average of 1271 mg/l as the Sodium Sulfide is used as unhearing agent in the beam house processes. As well as levels of Chromium (trivalent) in t he tanneries effluent range from 1.5 157 mg /l in the end-of-pipe effluent. While, the level of chromium from the chrome path effluent reaches to 10042 mg/l.Analysis of COD and BOD during the process show that the levels of COD ranged between 1551 mg/l – 53014 mg/l with an average value of 13894 mg/l. However, the BOD values ranged between 420 – 27000 mg/ l with an average value of 4695 mg/l which are above the limits of the Egyptian Environmental Regulat ion (Decree 44/2000) for discharge to the wastewater sanitary network, while values of TSS, settle-able solids, phosphorous and total nitrogen are within the limits. Accordingly, the industry has to treat the wastewater effluents prior to its discharge to the wastewater sanitary network. Alternatives for management and treatment of the discharged wastewater effluents to the limits of the Egyptian Environmental Regulation (Decree 44/2000) will be identified and assessed to investigate their feasibility from environmental and technical perspectives. A treatment procedure through a bench scale model and treatability study was developed for the industrial wastewater streams of the industry to study the analysis of waste discharges and investigate the most appropriate treatment techniques. As a results from the treatability study, the most appropriate treatment techniques were conducted using three proposed stages of treatment includes primary treatment (p lain settling), chemical treatment, and biological treatment using a bench scale biological reactor made of glass cylindrical co lumn. The results obtained from the biological t reatment indicates the high effectiveness of the process to reduce main ly TSS, COD and BOD besides appreciable reduction of other parameters mainly sulfides and nitrogen. The overall results of the treatability study indicate that the suspended solids are removed with almost 99% efficiency while the removal of COD & BOD levels reaches 93-95%. The quality of the treated effluent is incompliance with regulatory limits for discharging industrial effluent to public sewer and these levels sustained for consecutive four weeks of feeding the reactor with chemically treated effluent.


3D virtual surgical planning provides surgeons with new tools to precisely prepare complex spine procedures. The accuracy of 3D-printed drill guides was quantitatively analyzed using 3D deviation measurements and confirmed accurate screw positions. The guides can effectively be used for safe and accurate pedicle and lateral mass screw insertion.


Islanding detection is a mandatory function for grid-connected converters.Among all the passive and active islanding detection method,the active frequency drift method is pretty attractive.It injects perturbations in the frequency of the converter output current to achieve islanding detection.The operation principle of such strategy is analyzed in this paper.Non-detection zone(NDZ) and the parameters optimization principle are provided as well.The islanding detection performance is evaluated through theoretical analysis and experimental results.


Official statistics reflect the presuppositions and theories of the societies that they represent. Results derived from data contained in a set of tax declarations from fifteenth-century rural Tuscany show that deaths of males eligible for the head tax were reported more often than deaths of other family members, because these reports lowered households' tax assessments. The results also show that heads of households were overrepresented among dead males, most likely because tax officials used the names of heads of households to organize the tax rolls. This reliance on the head of the household in data collectiona common technique in contemporary and historical censusesmay produce results that overrepresent heads of households.


In order to encourage active participation in the learning process on the part of students, the faculty in the Collin County Community College District (CCCCD) adopted experiential modes of teaching. The specific structure, methods, and content of the experiential component purposely remained individualized to the needs of the subject area and the creativity of the teaching faculty. However, common features characterized the experiential components: they were learner-centered and student-directed; they were perception based; and they placed emphasis on problem-solving, discovery, inquiry, practical application of course content, holistic understanding, and the heuristic process. The experiential component was applied to many disciplines, including accounting, mathematics, humanities, and sociology. Two very different disciplines which were developed and evallated were psychology and history. The psychology department implemented a laboratory component, extensive writing to learn, classroom research, and business/industrial linkages through internships. The challenges for the psychology department's comprehensive experiential learning process were: physical space to conduct experiments, coordination of laboratory equipment between part-time and full-time faculty and multi-campuses; and grading time. The history program required students to create a video documentary in place of the traditional research paper. Other projects which history students completed included a sociological analysis of television shows and historical re-creation. The 1988 CCCCD student survey was completed by a broadly representative sample of 750 respondents. Positive student responses and below average withdrawal rates remonstrated the effectiveness of the experiential learning programs. (JMC) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********** *********** ****** ** ************** ********* ************** **** 0 0 0Engaging Psychology and History Students in Experiential Learning "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Porous silicon nitride ceramics with excellent properties were prepared by adding different organic additives into the initial silicon nitride powder by extrusion method.Effect of organic additives on microstructure and mechanical properties of green bodies and sintered porous silicon nitride ceramics were studied.The parameters of extrusion process were also optimized.The results show that green bodies and sintered porous silicon nitride ceramics with excellent properties could be obtained when the solid content ranged from 70% to 75%,the extrusion force ranged from 0.5 MPa to 1.0 MPa,using castor oil as lubricant,10% concentration PEG with relative molecular mass of 1 000 as plasticizer,4% concentration MC and HPMC as binder.Compared with MC,HPMC was more suitable for industrial production because of its better water retention.


This paper discusses implementation method of automatic target tracking system simulation based on OpenGVS simulation platform.A mathematical model is established based on the basic operating principle of the automatic target tracking,and hardware in the loop simulation based on OpenGVS is implemented under the counter environment by use of MFC.


There are different levels of understanding on concept of good governance which may differ in accordance with the level of management, type of administrative /bureaucratic setup. This type of political system various numbers of active indicators have been suggested. The success of all social system depends upon the people's views, opinion and participation. The success of good governance depends upon the eight characteristics such as participatory, consensus oriented, transparency, responsiveness, effective and efficiency, equitable and Inclusive, rule of law and accountability.


The article analyzes the source base on the activities of voivodeship administration in Prikamye in the 17th-18th century. The author has identified and studied archival documents in the fonds of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA), the Archive of the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (NIA SPbII RAS), and also in the State Archive of the Perm Krai. The article characterizes archival fonds and archival documents. The thematic overview of archival collections and documents presented in the article introduces a source base for a comprehensive study of the interaction between the voivodeship authorities and local residents. The article substantiates the need for an integrated approach to the study of archival sources on the activities of Voyevoda's offices in Prikamye in the 17th-18th centuries. Many documents are introduced into scientific use for the first time. The overview can be useful in studying problems of the voivodeship functioning during transit from estate-representative to absolute monarchy even in other regions of Russia. The article notes that the most informative materials on the history of voivodeship administration in Prikamye are kept in state federal archives. This is due to peculiarities of acquisition in the central archives in the course of the 19th century Archaeographic Commission activities. The materials on the issue stored in regional archives are fragmentary. The scientific novelty of the research is in the systemization of source base for studying features of regional administration. The article introduces main categories of sources, which are of use in describing the voivodeship functioning and relationship of the uezd population with representatives of the central apparatus on the ground. The author shows which source categories are there in federal and regional archives. In general, it can be concluded that the source base is sufficient for characterization the Voevoda's offices activities in Prikamye of the period.


Much has been written about the decline in agriculture graduate numbers over recent times and the shortages created in the market place. At the same time, there has been an increased urgency towards professionalising the industry – a focus on education and training, a desire to improve the image of the sector, a move towards social licence and greater engagement with future opportunities, challenges and needs. This paper takes a fresh approach to these issues; drawing together the less commonly reported data on student enrolments in agriculture, the distortions created by misunderstanding course classification data and the emer ging focus on learning and teaching academic standards in tertiary education. Decline in enrolments from 2001 has resulted in massive loss of income to university departments with commensurate contraction of academic staff numbers and expertise. The decline has now been addressed although it remains work in progress. The development of a national Learning and Teaching Academic Standards Statement (LTAS) for university Agriculture (AgLTAS) represents a significant positive step that engaged academic, student and industry stakeholders in its development. We expect that the AgLTAS statement will facilitate the implementation of academic standards by the agriculture discipline community, inform curriculum design, assist in identifying marketing opportunities for degrees and contribute to the further professionalization of agriculture.


Aurcularia auricular polysaccharide (AAP) is a kind of acidic heteropoly sugar containing β-D-glucan, it has good biological activities. In this paper, the main components, extraction methods and development and application of AAP were systematically introduced, in order to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for promoting the creation of new products of AAP.


The invention provides a reducing bent pipe and pumping equipment with the same, and integrally relates to the field of material conveying. The reducing bent pipe is used in a fluid transportation piping, comprises an input end and an output end, and is characterized in that the radius of curvature of the reducing bent pipe increases from the input end to the output end. As the bending and the reducing degree of the reducing bent pipe are optimally designed, impact of transported materials on the reducing bent pipe can be effectively reduced, and the service life of the reducing bent pipe canbe prolonged.


The quality factor is an important concept in teaching of circuit course.It is helpful to describe the properties of circuits with quality factor.This paper has discussed the different definitions of quality factor,the relationships among these definitions and the calculation of quality factors of circuits.Suggestions for the teaching of quality factor are given.The discussion is helpful for the teaching of circuit.


Cross sections for the /sup 7/Li(n,n't)/sup 4/He reaction have been measured in the 7- to 9-MeV energy range. The tritium produced in encapsulated lithium metal samples by fast neutron bombardment was extracted and the activity measured using liquid scintillation counting techniques. The neutron fluence was measured with an ion chamber containing a /sup 238/U deposit. This deposit was calibrated by comparing it with standard /sup 235/U deposits. This experiment was undertaken with the goal of improving the knowledge of the cross section for the /sup 7/Li(n,n't)/sup 4/He reaction. 40 refs.


Late blight is the most destructive of all potato disease and responsible for the Irish Famine in the middle of the 19 th century. It affects both potato foliage in the field and tuber in the storage which can absolutely destroy a crop, producing a 100% crop loss. The pathogen ( Phyhtophthora infestans ) have different mechanisms of survival and two infection phases in its life cycle. It requires two mating types, A1 and A2 to produce a sexual spore known as oospore. The spores are carried by wind and rain splash to healthy plants. A number of management techniques of late blight have been developed and used though out the world. Effective control of this disease requires implementing an integrated disease management approach. The most important measures are cultural control, use of resistant varieties, chemical control and integrated disease management. Integration of late blight management has often been thought as one of the better disease management options in tropical regions where fungal inocula are abundant in most months of the year. Keywords: Irish Famine; Pathogen; Integrated Disease Management (IDM); Life cycle


We investigate the value‐relevance of capitalised R&D on the balance sheet, and the extent to which R&D accruals improve the association between accounting‐based measures of firm perfor Mance and capital market returns for Australian listed companies. This is a regulatory setting where management discretion in the capitalisation decision is permitted and can be empirically observed. Our results suggest that capitalised R&D on the balance sheets of selective capitalisers is value‐relevant; that is, the ability of capitalised R&D to explain infor Mation contained in prices (given infor Mation conveyed by other components of the balance sheet) is statistically significant. For the same group of firms R&D accruals (particularly the initial capitalisation) improve accounting earnings as a measure of perfor Mance but only for the pooled sample using contemporaneous returns. The results for the fully expensing sample are less clear, perhaps due to the small sample size.


A study was undertaken to detect residues of Oxytetracycline (OTC) in swine tissues using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) system. A total of 216 nos. of representative swine tissue samples were collected from pork markets and roadside meat stalls of Assam. The samples after collection were preserved at -20 °C and then screened by UHPLC with Diode Array Detector (DAD). OTC residues were extracted with EDTA-McIIvaine buffer. Solid phase extraction clean-up was done with SPE C18 cartridge. Recovery ranged from 94-98%. A total of 5 nos. of the screened samples were detected to be positive for trace residues of OTC, 2 above the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). It may be concluded that the present method reliably and precisely detects OTC residue in swine tissues.


We describe a case of bupropion-associated QRS prolongation that was unresponsive to intravenous bolus therapy of sodium bicarbonate. Bupropion may cause seizures and conduction delays similar to tricyclic antidepressants in the overdose setting by an unknown mechanism.


Traditional ship-building is still widely practiced in Indonesia, Indonesia. Every province and regions has different characteristics in the design of ships in the traditional ships. The procedure to build traditional ships is far from the influence of technology. These provide a weakness on the safety for the design and operation. Current research seeks to promote a better understanding on design process in traditional shipbuilding in Bintan Island, Indonesia. The result is a comparison to current concept of design process in modern shipbuilding and recommendation for the traditional shipbuilding and local government.


Introduces neurobiologists to the possible uses of molecular biology methodology in the investigation of neurobiological phenomena. Part one treats the theory and reviews the current knowledge of molecular studies of the nervous system. Part two is practical and includes background material, recommended references to specific methodologies, and detailed cookbook' recipes for carrying out the various techniques.


Extra load is very often used in the training for development of explosive strength. Some research works are focused on a problem of take-off activity in relationship to extra load (Nelson & Martin, 1985; Bosco et al., 1984 and others). The main aim of this study was to find how the extra load influences time and force curve of the vertical jump.


AbstractThis study mainly focused on the adsorption of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM) form water onto a new type of adsorbent (attapulgite) (ATP) and thermally modified attapulgite (T-ATP). The adsorption isotherm and the adsorption kinetics of GSM onto T-ATP were studied in batch experiments. Meanwhile, the effect of temperature and pH on the removal efficiency and the absorbed amount of GSM and 2-MIB was also investigated. Experimental results show that the optimal concentrations of adsorption of GSM and 2-MIB onto ATP and T-ATP were both 1 g/L. The adsorption of GSM onto T-ATP better followed pseudo-second-order model. Freundlich isotherm fit the experimental data (the adsorption of GSM onto T-ATP) better than Langmuir isotherm. Besides, the best operational condition of adsorption of GSM and 2-MIB onto ATP and T-ATP was at lower temperature (5°C) and under neutral pH (6.5 ∼ 7.5). Although the adsorption of GSM onto T-ATP was nonspontaneous, it was an exothermic reaction, in terms of the ...


This method is designed to determine the calorie content of high solids distilled spirits consistent with the FDA food nutrition labeling regulation found at 21 CFR 101.9. High solids distilled spirits include liqueurs, cream liqueurs, and other distilled spirits specialties. For high solids distilled spirits the total solids may include added sugar, citric acid, extracts, colors, and other Carbon/Hydrogen/Oxygen compounds. For most products under the scope of this method, fat, and protein are not expected. However, cream liqueurs may contain milk and/or egg products, so fat and protein are not always negligible. There is no current TTB Official Method or AOAC OMA for fat in distilled spirits. Where fat is claimed, use the label claim to determine the calorie contribution from fat content. Sugars are defined in 21 CFR 101.9 as the sum of all free mono- and disaccharides.


The article is devoted to the study of the preconditions and peculiarities of the application of environmental taxation instruments for the implementation of the concept of "green" economy in the world. An analysis of world researches on the impact of environmental taxes on the indicators of sustainable development and socio-economic status has been conducted. Based on the analytical tools, a panel regression analysis of environmental taxation effects has been performed. The results of the assessment of the relationship between these indicators and the parameters of sustainable development should be the basis for the development of environmental policy aimed at reducing the burden on the environment and targeted funding for ecosystem protection. Prospects for further work are to develop guidelines for the formation of mechanisms for financial support of environmental activities and study the effectiveness of environmental and economic instruments of taxation.


Control of the white sugar vacuum pan has proven to be an ideal application for process control computers. The computer is well suited to perform this function because of the batch nature of the process, and has been used to augment a complete analog control system. Each strike requires detailed sequencing and precise monitoring of process variables in order to maintain product quality while increasing plant efficiency. For pans equipped with mechanical circulators, an additional improvement results when the current load of the circulator motor is used as the measure of consistency. Further, the computer is able to duplicate the control sequencing on multiple units through the use of separate setpoint arrays, determined for each particular pan and type of strike being boiled. The primary improvement is the reduction of time per strike, leading directly to increased output. The computer also helps to minimize downtime by constantly monitoring alarm conditions and taking corrective action when necessary to avoid emergency situations such as solidifying the massecuite in the pan. Preliminary results have shown an immediate increase in refinery production as a result of installation of the process control computer.


ABSTRACT Senior-year admitted students (SYAS) in Hong Kong, similar to community college transfer students in the U.S., refers to a cohort of sub-degree programme graduates who are admitted to a top-up bachelor's degree programme. Despite increasing SYAS intakes in Hong Kong universities, published studies on the teaching of SYAS are still scarce. This qualitative case study aims to explore a language practitioner's praxes of interdisciplinary teaching within the context of an academic literacy course in the discipline of applied child development. Eight weeks of classroom observations and two in-depth interviews with the practitioner were conducted. This study concludes by discussing dialogue-based interactivity to boost SYAS' academic and disciplinary literacies. The analysis from observation field-notes and verbatim transcripts suggests an action timeline featuring the mediation of reflections and enactments to make manifest the pedagogical considerations facing the language practitioner for SYAS.


Modeled water-mass changes in the North Pacific thermocline, both in the subsurface and at the surface, reveal the impact of the competition between anthropogenic aerosols (AAs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) over the past 6 decades. The AA effect overwhelms the GHG effect during 1950–1985 in driving salinity changes on density surfaces, while after 1985 the GHG effect dominates. These subsurface water-mass changes are traced back to changes at the surface, of which ~70% stems from the migration of density surface outcrops, equatorward due to regional cooling by AAs and subsequent poleward due to warming by GHGs. Ocean subduction connects these surface outcrop changes to the main thermocline. Both observations and models reveal this transition in climate forcing around 1985 and highlight the important role of AA climate forcing on our oceans' water masses.


This letter proposes a reactive navigation strategy for recovering the altitude, translational velocity and orientation of Micro Aerial Vehicles. The main contribution lies in the direct and tight fusion of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) measurements with monocular feedback under an assumption of a single planar scene. An Iterated Extended Kalman Filter (IEKF) scheme is employed. The state prediction makes use of IMU readings while the state update relies directly on photometric feedback as measurements. Unlike feature-based methods, the photometric difference for the innovation term renders an inherent and robust data association process in a single step. The proposed approach is validated using real-world datasets. The results show that the proposed method offers better robustness, accuracy, and efficiency than a feature-based approach. Further investigation suggests that the accuracy of the flight velocity estimates from the proposed approach is comparable to those of two state-of-the-art Visual Inertial Systems (VINS) while the proposed framework is $\approx 15\text{--}30$ times faster thanks to the omission of reconstruction and mapping.


The invention discloses a pesticide composition containing dinotefuran. Applied as a water dispersible granule, a suspending agent or a wettable powder, the composition comprises 1%-80% of an active component, 1%-20% of a composite auxiliary agent and the balance of a filling material. Applied as an emulsion in water or a micron emulsion, the composition comprises 1%-40% of the active component, 1%-20% of the composite auxiliary agent, 1%-40% of a solvent, and the balance of water. The active component comprises dinotefuran and an other pesticides in a mass ratio of 1:(0.2-50), wherein the other pesticides is malathion, DDVP, phoxim or fipronil. The pesticide of the present invention has a good insecticidal effect, a long insect control time, a wide insecticidal scope, low costs, does not cause resistance in insects, and is safe for crops and environment-friendly.


A web-based self-paced university physics course, called the Virtual Physics Lab (VPL) is described. The VPL delivers both the lecture and lab components of a physics course using interactive virtual-reality simulations, high-end multimedia lectures and 2D/3D mini-games/exercises. The VPL's interactive simulations are delivered in a video-game-like 3D photo-realistic virtual environment using real-time models to simulate typical physics experiments performed in the lab part of the physics course such as: frictional motion of a block on an inclined plane, vibrations of a mass-spring system and impact of particles. Students can change in real-time the parameters of the experiments and observe the effect on the experiment's response and measurements. The multimedia lectures are delivered using a multimodal combination of speech and highlighted text delivered by near-photorealistic intelligent animated lip and gesture synched virtual tutors. The multimedia lectures include synchronized interactive 2D/3D animated illustrations and movies. A search engine and a hierarchical expert system allow the virtual tutors to answer natural-language questions and execute natural-language commands given by the student. Exercises in the form of mini-games that use relevant physics principles are used to increase the students' interest in the material being taught and to test the student's comprehension. The VPL's interactivity and visually stimulating instruction will result in faster assimilation, deeper understanding, and higher memory retention by the students than traditional classroom/text-book instruction.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


CLINICAL SCENARIO: Cerebral palsy is a common childhood disorder arising early in life from a nonprogressive congenital or acquired abnormality of the brain. Children with cerebral palsy often have difficulties that affect the use of their hands and therefore have limited opportunities to participate and experience the things that occur in everyday life. For example, a child with upper limb spasticity may have difficulties holding a pencil, manipulating cutlery, or putting on a jumper. The focus of occupational therapy has traditionally been on reducing the child's impairment to improve motor and functional abilities and research to-date has primarily explored these issues. Occupational therapists are also interested in the promotion of participation, well-being and quality of life. The physical disability and paucity of movement experienced by children with cerebral palsy is assumed to impact their social participation. For example, a child with upper limb spasticity may have difficulty keeping up with peers on play equipment in the school yard and consequently be excluded from play activities and games with friends. It is important for social participation to be sufficiently understood and measured as an outcome. The purpose of this CAT is to review current research evidence to investigate the assumption that occupational therapy interventions that improve upper limb use also enhance social participation in children with cerebral palsy.


— In this paper we show that the Newhouse's thickness of basic sets as an obstmction to the density of Axiom A diffeomorphisms in the C^ topology for k > 2 is not applicable in the C topology. We prove that the local thickness of saddle-type hyperbolic basic sets vanishes C generically and that, when we consider families with first homoclinic bifurcations, the ^-stability is a "prevalent" phenomena after the unfolding of the tangency. RESUME. — Dans cet article on montre que 1'epaisseur de Newhouse des ensembles basiques telle qu'une obstruction pour la densite des diffeomorphismes Axiome A dans la topologie (7^, k > 2, n'est pas applicable dans la topologie C. On montre que 1'epaisseur locale des ensembles basiques hyperboliques de type selle s'annule generiquement dans la topologie C et que, si 1'on considere des families exhibant une premiere bifurcation homoclinique, l'f2-stabilite est un phenomene « prevalent » apres Ie developpement de la tangence.


Quantum-mechanical analysis based on an exact sum rule is used to extract a semiclassical angle-dependent energy function for transition metal ions in biomolecules. The angular dependence is simple but different from existing classical potentials. Comparison of predicted energies with a computer-generated database shows that the semiclassical energy function, including its angular dependence, is very accurate. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}


Problem definition: Strategic inventory refers to the inventory held by firms purely out of strategic considerations other than operational reasons (e.g., economies of scale). In this paper, we investigate the roles of strategic inventory in a system with two parallel supply chains under both full bargaining and partial bargaining, which differ in whether inventory is included in the bargaining terms. Methodology/results: (i) Under full bargaining, horizontal competition can induce an asymmetric equilibrium, whereby only one of the chains carries strategic inventory and benefits from it when the holding cost is small. The whole system, however, is worse off. (ii) Under partial bargaining, regardless of whether there is horizontal competition, the retailer in a supply chain always carries inventory when his bargaining power is small and the inventory holding cost is low. Furthermore, with horizontal competition, inventory hurts (improves) the system performance when the inventory holding cost is small (above a threshold and not too big). (iii) Full bargaining can be inferior to partial bargaining when there is horizontal competition. Managerial implications: The conventional wisdom about strategic inventory should be taken with caution. Specifically, the traditional role of strategic inventory empowering the retailer in a supply chain is completely dominated by the full bargaining framework, yet it is still present if inventory is not bargained. The inventory driven by horizontal competition plays a different strategic role of signaling to the competitor to avoid an otherwise adverse quantity competition if both retailers carried high inventory. Furthermore, despite the full cooperation nature of the full bargaining framework, it is not always in the retailer's interest to give up the decision power on inventory (partial bargaining) and include it in the negotiation process (full bargaining). Funding: Q. Tang was supported by Nanyang Technological University [Start-Up Grant 020022-00001]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2020.0223 .


The operation, performance and electrostatics of multigated Single Molecular Transistor (SMT) devices are investigated using first-principles based density functional theory calculations for planar (pentacene) and non-planar (sucrose) molecules as islands. It has been found that the incorporation of larger numbers of gates allows enhanced electrostatic control in the SMT operation which has been quantified from the energy calculations and estimation of the gate capacitances. The effect of multiple gates is more dominant for a non-planar molecule than a planar molecule within an SMT which indicates the usefulness of such multi-gate architectures for future nanoelectronic devices.


Powders of ZnO and Al2O3 doped ZnO are prepared by sol-gel methed.The microstructrure is characterized by XRD and TEM.The gas sensors are prepared by nano-ZnO doped with Al2O3,and the gas sensing properties of the powdowers are studied.Results shows the sensors made from Al2O3 doped ZnO powders have a high sensitivity and selectivity to Cl2.A composition of 0.5mol% Al2O3-ZnO shows a maximum sensitivity of 800 towards 30 ×10-6 of Cl2.The gas sensing mechanism is also studied.


The invention discloses a preparation method of a solanum tuberdsm vermicelli instant food. The preparation method comprises the following steps: cleaning the solanum tuberdsm and then slicing, dehydrating and drying; preparing the dried solanum tuberdsm into starch with the fineness of more than 120 meshes; adding the prepared solanum tuberdsm starch into water at the temperature of about 80 DEG C, and stirring uniformly; preparing vermicelli at normal temperature; baking the prepared vermicelli with infrared rays at the temperature of 90-110 DEG C; forming the cured vermicelli into a vermicelli cake; putting the vermicelli cake and a seasoning bag into a paper tube; and sealing and packing the paper tube with a sealing machine. The solanum tuberdsm vermicelli instant food prepared by the method has the characteristics of purplish red color and strong flavor, and is soaked with boiled water; and the soaked solanum tuberdsm vermicelli is smooth and pliable and is a real high-quality 'green' food. According to the invention, starch such as corn, wheat, cassava and the like is not added, and the solanum tuberdsm starch vermicelli is pure, thus the mouthfeel is more delicate and smoother.


The article analyses a social dimension of inclusive education – interpersonal relations of SEN primary learners with other pupils in the class and pedagogical strategies that target at development of school learners' positive interpersonal relations. The researchers have distinguished four most important aspects of the social dimension in inclusive education (Koster et al., 2009; De Boer, Pijl, & Minnaert, 2010; Bossaert et al., 2013): a) friendship relations between SEN learners and other schoolchildren in the class (mutual friendship links, subgroups of learners linked by friendship); b) social interaction of SEN school children with peers (joint leisure activities, completion of assignments together, joint participation in activities); c) subjective feelings of SEN learners and their belief that they are accepted by other learners in the class; d) acceptance of SEN learners in the class (social preferences of peers and social support). The researchers also single out and indicate the barriers in building up positive relations of SEN learners with other school learners related with the abovementioned aspects: social isolation, loneliness, social exclusion and bullying. The article sets the following objectives: a) to identify peculiarities of development of SEN learners' positive relations with other learners; b) to single out pedagogical strategies oriented towards development of positive interpersonal relations of SEN learners with other schoolchildren. The article presents the results of the qualitative research. The following aspects of development of such learners' positive interpersonal relations are revealed: a) natural acceptance of SEN learners' otherness seeing transformability of their abilities to communicate and learn; b) inclusion of SEN learners into interpersonal communication based on experience of social similarity and tolerance to the diversity. Such processes are encouraged by the teacher's belief in transformability of SEN learners' powers and demonstration of this belief in the classroom. Inclusion of SEN learners into interpersonal communication is enhanced by encouragement of social interactions between SEN children and other class learners in the natural school environment: creation of communication rituals, situations, practices and spaces, initiation of acceptance, mediation and assistance to SEN learners. Keywords: inclusive education, primary school, school learners' interpersonal relations, pedagogical strategies. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2017.41


Enforcement of court orders remains an acute problem even in developed countries. The study aims to analyze how well court orders are enforced in different countries, including the United States, the European Union, and the Commonwealth of Independent States, to identify its strong and weak sides. Comparative jurisprudence was chosen as the leading research method, and it allowed analyzing the features of various systems of judgments execution. The empirical material was formed by some decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and the reports of the European Commission on the Efficiency of Justice. The article substantiates the possibility of effective coexistence of the state and private systems for the enforcement of court orders. The author names the judge making the wrong choice of the means of restoring the violated law and order as one of the reasons leading to non-enforcement of court orders. The article discusses the minimum qualification level of the bailiff and vocational guidance for students pursuing a degree in law for future work in this field. The central idea of the paper is that implementation of judicial decisions is an element of the efficient justice, without which the rule of law is impossible.


It is shown that a light trend towards an increase in the level of technology of the some
branches of the Belarusian economy is a post effective stage of the evolutionary development of technology. But in the complex structure of technological systems there are operations and processes, the potential of evolutionary development of which is far from exhausted. To ensure the effectiveness of a series of small innovations that possess cumulative action when each individual act is insignificant, a special organizational and economic mechanism is proposed, analogous to which is the well-known Scanlon plan. For the development of new production technologies, an organizational-economic mechanism is recommended according to the Triple Helix Model.


World international reserves holdings have accelerated sharply in recent times. Countries particularly developing ones are competitive enough to hoard these reserves and top 10 major holders are mostly from Asia. Interestingly India comes only ninth among them. Developing countries, particularly India, are in line to hoard foreign reserves and there are certain factors that affect international reserves holdings. This study analysed the impact of few macroeconomic factors on these reserves. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) tests were employed to check the stationarity of the variables on the time series data that were of annual frequency. It was found that all variables were co-integrated signalling long-run relationship. Error correction mechanism (ECM) was implemented to get short-run dynamics for which a negative relation was established for trade openness (TRDOP) which contradicts previous studies. The negative relationship of TRDOP with international reserves in India could be due to the outcome of sustained trade deficits of Indian balance of payments. The economic growth variable exhibits a positive relationship which is consistent with previous studies. All variables were found significant at a 5 per cent level. The ECM suggested the same results as its long-run counterpart.


The purpose of the study is to examine the factors that influence on the Koreans' intergenerational communication. A survey was conducted with university students in their 20s, and the impacts of filial piety and indigenous cultural factors(confucianism and Chemyon) on intergenerational communication styles and intergeneral communication satisfaction were tested. Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that politeness and confucianism had positive influence on intergenerational communication while deference and Chmyon had negative influence on intergenerational communication. The indigenous cultural variables increased total R2 significantly, proving the crucial impact of confucianism and Chemyon on the Koreans' intergenerational communication. Finally, male students perceived higher level of communicative satisfaction than female students in the intergenerational communication context. ■ keyword :∣Intergenerational Communication∣Filial Piety∣Jangyuyuseo(Confucianism)∣Chemyon∣ * 이 논문은 2019학년도 평택대학교 학술연구비의 지원에 의하여 연구되었음. 접수일자 : 2020년 06월 08일 수정일자 : 2020년 08월 18일 심사완료일 : 2020년 08월 18일 교신저자 : 양정은, e-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com 한국 대학생들의 세대 간 커뮤니케이션에 대한 인식 : 문화적 요인을 중심으로 87


When osseointegrated implants irst arrived in Brazil in the late 80s, great care was taken to choose implants and abutments that met the strict criteria established and recommended by major international companies so as to attain the greatest osseointegration and the best peri-implant / restorative outcomes possible. he protocols developed by Brånemark and later on by Schroeder and Schulte should be strictly followed without creating the opportunity for adaptation, as it could increase the chances of failure. Eventually, the classic abutments developed by Brånemark, which were the most used, did not efectively meet many clinical needs, including esthetics. As a result, diferent implant designs were created while implants evolved. Nevertheless, the need for precision and use of original pieces and components was always emphasized. Later on, clone companies copying not only the Brånemark system, but abutments as well, were launched worldwide. A number of companies were set up — some successfully while others not so much — to produce restorative abutments, only. An enormous amount of diferent types of abutment arose by adapting existing ones. hese adaptations became well-known: For instance, the classic UCLA-type abutment developed by the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) became a synonym of calcinable abutment. Subsequently, with the increase in the number of abutment brands and types (including original and clone ones), more than 90 brands were available worldwide in the 2000s. Today we cannot measure the exact number of abutment brands available, since there are so many companies engaged in manufacturing implants and all other necessary components. As osseointegration became successful and popular, less importance was given to the precision of restorative abutments. A compatible abutment would provide just as much attachment, and the intraosseous screw was the part to be most considered while further issues would be solved based on the existing tolerance in the implant-bone interface. Meanwhile, as the price of imported implants were higher, compatible components became popular in the attempt to reduce treatment costs. As low-cost implants gained ground (in Brazil, national implants have the highest market share), implants, abutments and other components of the same brand have been more routinely used. Even so, a number of components compatible with pieces of other brands are frequently used. Using components of diferent brands for the same implant-retained restoration procedure is highly common in clinical practice. After a few years and with the growing number of implants in place, we are now aware of the potential for complication arising from the use of non original pieces: screw fracture and loosening, loss of prosthetic structure and fatigue of components, decreased longevity, in addition to loss of warranty granted by several implant manufacturers. How to cite this section: Polido WD. Origi-


The study of mobile robots, which began in the late 1960s, is the most dramatic development in human history in the twentieth century, and the invention has undergone radical changes in just over 50 years. The robot body is developing in the direction of flexibility and miniaturization. This is because the robot application is mostly oriented to the family and service industries, and it needs to adapt to a more complex environment. This manuscript aims to improve further the ant colony optimization algorithm by using rough set theory to improve the convergence speed and accuracy of the algorithm in robot path planning on the basis of an in-depth diagnosis on the shortcomings and its causes of development of the ant colony optimization algorithm. It overcomes the drawbacks of the algorithm that easily get trapped in partial optimality solution, the search time is much slower and the search effect is not good. In this paper, the CMA-ES algorithm, the modified ant colony, and the BK method are proposed, which have high theoretical value and exploration significance. In addition, simulation experiments are conducted to obtain the stage results on the basis of artificial information. The results of the present paper indicate the GWO algorithm performs more stable in the optimization results of each experiment when there are 14 robots and the communication range is 1.6, compared with the PSO algorithm and BA algorithm.


The relationship between economic development and urbanization is discussed using the example of Yugoslavia following World War II. Regional variations both in migration patterns and in the rate of economic development are examined. The concentration of rural-urban migrants in larger cities is noted. (ANNOTATION)


ABSTRACT In this article the most relevant methods of subclavian vein catheterization were considered in order to find the optimal technique that can be used in routine clinical practice by pediatric intensive care physicians.OBJECTIVE To compare the efficiency and safety of subclavian vein catheterization by supraclavicular access under ultrasound control and subclavian access by anatomical landmarks in children.RESULTS The number of attempts for successful catheterization was statistically lower in ultrasound-control group compared to the anatomical landmarks group (1.2±0.4 vs. 2.6±1.3, p<0.0001); in the anatomical landmarks group such complications as catheter malposition (14% vs. 0), arterial puncture (5% vs. 1%) and pneumothorax (10% vs. 0) were observed more often than in the ultrasound group.CONCLUSIONS We recommend catheterization of the subclavian vein by supraclavicular access under ultrasound control to be commonly used in clinical practice due to its high efficiency and safety.


Tethered Biginelli condensation of enantioenriched hexahydropyrrolopyrimidines 8 with beta-ketoesters provides efficient asymmetric access to tricyclic guanidines 9 having a syn relationship of the angular C2a and C8a hydrogens. This reaction was employed to realize the first practical enantioselective access to this fragment of batzelladine alkaloids B (2) and E (5). The efficiency of this strategy is illustrated in the synthesis of the dextrorotatory enantiomer of batzelladine B methanolysis product 10 in 10 steps and 25% overall yield from 2-nonanone and methyl acetoacetate. The asymmetric synthesis of 10 establishes that the absolute configuration of the tricyclic portion of batzelladine B (2) is 25aR,28S,30R. The 4-methyl-7-alkyl-1,2,2a,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydro-5,6,8b-triazaacenaphthalene-3-carboxylic acid subunit, e.g., 29, of batzelladine alkaloids A (1), D (4), F (6), and G was also prepared for the first time by catalytic hydrogenation of tricyclic guanidines 26 having the 2a,8a-anti stereochemistry.


This thesis examines the impact of residential location and neighborhood characteristics on adult and teenage employment in Los Angeles County. The focus is on African-American adults and youth, due to the extraordinary residential segregation they experience. Because African-Americans face high levels of residential segregation in large urban areas and are usually unable to choose their own residence, they may be sensitive to any adverse impacts of residential location. I present an overview of poverty and joblessness as inner- city -suburban differentials have widened for years.


Abstract Using the augmented Dickey-Fuller test to verify the existence of a unit root in an autoregressive process often requires the correctly specified intercept, since the test statistics can be distinctive under different model specifications and lead to contradictory results at times. In this article, we develop a unified inference that not only unifies the specifications of the intercept but also accommodates different degrees of persistence of the underlying process and heteroscedastic errors. A simulation study shows that the resulting unified unit root test exhibits excellent size control and reasonably good power. In an empirical application, we implement the proposed test to re-examine the presence of unit roots within eleven widely used variables in stock return predictability.


...........................................................................................................ii Opsomming.........................................................................................................iv Acknowledgements...............................................................................................vi Table of contents.................................................................................................vii Epigraph...........................................................................................................xii Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Motivation for study.................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research problem ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Background to the study ............................................................................................. 6 1.3.1 Preliminary literature review ................................................................................. 6 1.3.2 Working definitions ............................................................................................... 9 22.214.171.124 Newswork ....................................................................................................... 9 184.108.40.206 Digital media technologies............................................................................ 10 18.104.22.168 Network......................................................................................................... 11 18.104.22.168 Habitus .......................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Problem statement and focus .................................................................................... 12 1.5 Theoretical points of departure ................................................................................. 12 1.6 Research questions .................................................................................................... 14 1.7 Research design......................................................................................................... 15 1.8 Chapter overview ...................................................................................................... 17 Chapter 2: Literature review ............................................................................................................. 18 2.


We show that the universal cover of a compact complex surface X is the bidisk H × H, or X is biholomorphic to P 1 × P 1 , if and only if K 2 X > 0 and there exists an invertible sheafsuch that � 2 ∼ OX and H 0 (X,S 21 (−KX) ⊗ �) 6 0. The two cases are distinguished by the second plurigenus, P2(X) ≥ 2 in the former case, P2(X) = 0 in the latter. We also discuss related questions.


A new method for the reconstruction of blurred digital images damaged by separable motion blur is established. The main attribute of the method is based on multiple applications of the least squares solutions of certain matrix equations which define the separable motion blur in conjunction with known image deconvolution techniques. The key feature of the proposed algorithms is reflected in the fact that they can be used only in symbiosis with other image restoration algorithms.


Neuroblastoma behavior is variable and outcome partialy depends on genetic factors. How-ever, tumors that lack bigh-risk factors such as MYCN amplification or Ip deletion may progress, possibly due to other genetic aberrations. Comparative genomic hybridization summarizes DNA copy number abnormalities in a tumor by mapping them to their positions on normnal metaphase chromosomes. We analyzed 29 tumors from nearly equal proportions of chil-dren with stage I, II, III, IV, and IV-S disease by comparative genomic hybridization. We found two classes of copy number abnormalities: whole chromosome and partial chromosome. Whole chromosome losses were frequent at 11, 14, and X. The most frequent partial chromosome losses were on ip and 1lq. Gains were mostfrequent on cbromosome 17 (72% of cases). The two patterns of gain for this chromosome were whole 17gain and 1 7qgain, with 1 7q21-qter as a minimal common region ofgain. Other common gains were on chromosomes 7, 6, and 18 High level amplifications were detected at 2p23-25 (MYCN region), at


In New Zealand, mistake of fact has long been, and continues to be, a "frontier" in not just one, but two senses. First, it still represents a boundary of judicial review that has not yet been entirely pushed back. Secondly, mistaken accounts of this area of law have been so widespread in New Zealand that it is only a small exaggeration to portray it as a "Wild West" frontier, lying at the fringes of civilisation as we know it. The purpose of this article is to push back this latter frontier.

Part II of this article counters the claim that the Supreme Court in Bryson imposed severe restrictions on when mistakes of fact qualify for review. This claim confuses two different types of factual errors. Part III is concerned with clearing up the most widespread mistake: a longstanding tradition of misinterpreting the state of authority in New Zealand and claiming that the ground is well established at both High Court and Court of Appeal level.

Part IV draws two conclusions from the Supreme Court decision in Ririnui: one is that the Court appears to have confused a pure error of law with a mistake of fact; the other is that the decision still represents obiter support for the ground.

Following on from the part IV conclusion that there is obiter support at Supreme Court level, Part V completes the account of the current state of the law. It outlines three Court of Appeal decisions that provide some further support for adopting the ground, but still fall short of clear and binding authority on the point.


Climate change is likely to result in rising sea le vels, more intense rainfall events and more frequen t heat waves. The likely impacts of these on human settlements in emerging countries such as Vietnam include increased damage to housing and infrastructure, an increased energy demand, more vector-borne diseases, and increased stress on storm water management systems. The current urban development trends in Vietnam increase the vulnerability of settlements to climat e change in large mega-urban regions. At the same t ime coastal settlements in the mega-urban regions of Vi etnam are important in terms of population growth a nd investment and are playing a key economic and cultural role. Most of Vietnam's settlements and infrastructure ar e concentrated in large mega-urban regions located at the two mega-deltas regions. Over the next decades a si gnificant amount of new urban housing developments will be required in Vietnam, and particularly in th e upcoming two megacities Ho Chi Minh City, located north of the southern Mekong river delta and Hanoi, which is located in the Red River delta in norther n Vietnam. These new urban developments will shape the spatial pattern of the urban agglomerations for m any decades. It is therefore of highest importance to p lan in an integrated manner from the outset, how th e spatial development direction in general and how buildings and infrastructure in these highly vulnerable regio ns in detail can be adapted to cope with the climate chan ge related impacts they are likely to be effected o ver their lifetime. Similar to other emerging mega-cities in Southeast Asia, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is undergoing a rapid process of urbanisation accompanied by dramatically land use changes in the surrounding rural areas. A n integrated Adaptation Planning Framework sets out t he climate change adaptation issues that responsibl e administrative institutions, urban and regional pla nners and developers should consider and respond at different spatial levels of the urban development p rocess, to ensure that the new urban development an d


The secure asynchronous control problem of Markov jump systems (MJSs) against aperiodic discrete denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is discussed in this brief. DoS attacks cut off the communication networks, resulting in the loss of state information. The impact of DoS attacks may cause mismatched behavior between controlled plant modes and controller modes, which can be illustrated by a hidden Markov model (HMM). An asynchronous controller is utilized to overcome the mismatched phenomenon. By employing multiple Lyapunov functions and iterative methods, and analyzing the conditions on malicious DoS attacks, sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee mean square stable of MJSs under aperiodic DoS attacks. By solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), the asynchronous controller is designed. At last, the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical method is certified by a numerical simulation.


The invention provides a technical scheme of a floating structure of a surface photovoltaic power station. The floating structure comprises a plane fixation structure, support floating bodies, a walkway plate, and photovoltaic assemblies arranged on the support floating bodies. The plane fixation structure is a meshed or aperture grid-shaped cell structure; and the space inside meshes or aperture grids is used for accommodating and fixing support floating bodies. Under the joint effect of the multiple support floating bodies, the plane fixation structure and the support floating bodies float on the water surface. The space shapes of the support floating bodies are novel and peculiar and the support floating bodies serve as key function components for the overall floating structure. The support floating bodies play a role in supporting the plane fixation structure upwardly and supporting the photovoltaic assemblies upwardly and directly. In addition, the invention also provides a corresponding construction process method; floating plastic support floating bodies are produced in situ at the construction site, thereby reducing the logistics transportation cost substantially and lowering the overall engineering cost. Therefore, the feasibility objective of the technical economy of the surface photovoltaic power station is achieved and the development process of the national photovoltaic industry is promoted.


With the expanding representation of the regions and the emergence of new resources for the electoral struggle within political processes in the EU, the number of political parties is multiplying, and regionalist parties are no exception. Earlier most regionalisms had one historically established regionalist party as a representative (for example, SNP in Scotland or Sardinia Action Party in Sardinia). Now, however, the number of regionalist parties within the region may reach up to 10 or higher (Valley D'Aosta, Sardinia). That said, this trend is not obvious: in some cases, there is no fragmentation of regionalism, and regionalism is still represented by one party (for example, Bayernpartei in Bavaria). What is the reason behind the fragmentation of regionalist parties in some cases and absence of it in others? What are the conditions for the emergence of a "second" regionalist party? The research is devoted to answer these questions. Based on 24 cases of Western European regionalism, an attempt was made to explain the factors of regionalist parties fragmentation using the QCA methodology. The structural parameters of the institutional, identity and party orders were used as factors. The study found that structural factors do not directly determine the presence or absence of fragmentation of regionalist parties.


Abstract: Wireless sensor networks are widely used due to its usage and advantages because it can utilize in mission critical tasks. One of the major issues in WSN is reliable data delivery without any loss and to increase network lifetime by utilizing energy efficient process. The objective of this work is to increase network lifetime at the same time ensuring high packet delivery ratio. Clustering is one of the best methods to increase network lifetime, however election process of cluster head will consume energy and reduces network performance. Therefore in proposed work, energy efficient cluster based routing protocol has been implemented which includes residual energy and distance as major parameter to form cluster. Cluster head selection will be a static process, once cluster is formed cluster head will be selected through election process after transaction the residual energy in CH will be checked with the threshold value and same CH will again act as head this reduces cluster formation and election process. In addition to provide secure data transaction MD5 algorithm has been implemented. Attack based data loss is also reduced and concentrated in proposed work to achieve objective of this work. Keywords: (SSCHS) Secure static cluster head selection, network lifetime, cluster, MD5 and Static cluster head.


An innovative auction-based allocation scheme is proposed to improve the performance of device-to-device (D2D) communications as an underlay in the downlink (DL) cellular networks. To optimize the system sum rate over the resource sharing of both D2D and cellular modes, we introduce a reverse iterative combinatorial auction as the allocation mechanism. In the auction, all the spectrum resources are considered as a set of resource units, which compete to obtain business as bidders while packages of D2D pairs are auctioned off as goods in each auction round. We first formulate the valuation of each resource unit for packages of D2D links. And then a detailed non-monotonic descending price auction algorithm is explained. Further, we prove that the proposed scheme is cheat-proof, converges in a finite number of iteration rounds, and has lower complexity compared to a traditional combinatorial allocation. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm efficiently leads to a good performance on the system sum rate.


Distributed MIMO or Cooperative transmission is an appropriate way to use in sensor networks that have constraint on energy consumptions. In this paper, we consider a minimum end to end (e-2-e) total power allocation while satisfying an e-2-e given maximum outage probability as the constraint for a cluster-based multi-hop cooperative network. To simplify this optimization problem, we apply some approximations and propose two power allocation schemes for these networks over Nakagami channels. We derive closed form equations for the maximum e-2-e outage probability, as well as for the power levels, which must be allocated to each node. The numerical results show that the solutions of these two closed-form power allocation schemes are near to optimum solution with the advantage of much lower complexity.


Nature demonstrates beautiful examples of superhydrophobic surfaces, which always exhibit hierarchical roughness. We demonstrate a simple biomimetic route to the formation of hierarchical roughness on paraffin wax surfaces by the successive deposition of waxes of increasing molecular weight (Mw). By means of this procedure the lower Mw waxes grow larger crystals, forming higher micro-roughness, the subsequently deposited higher Mw waxes produce lower submicron/nano-roughness, and the overall result is roughness of a higher hierarchical order. We show that, compared to unary wax crystal surfaces, these hierarchical structures have the advantage of increased surface stability expressed by the ability to maintain smaller drops in the Cassie-state, as well as the ability to support liquids having lower surface tensions with contact angles exceeding 150°.


The importance of technical quality for histopathologic examination has only increased in recent years with the expanding use of digital pathology. The University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Center (UK-ADC) Neuropathology Core has decades of experience with brain histopathology and has emphasized the importance of quantitative assessments of histopathologic hallmarks. Technical artifacts and nonuniform samples are challenging for high-throughput digital analyses after the slides have been scanned, so that methodological optimization may be helpful. We do not know of published literature that systematically reviews how different procedures at the various stages of tissue processing can impact the quality of the histopathologic preparations in human brain samples. We wanted to pass along our experience in the hope that it will help others to improve their results. Here we describe the UK-ADC method of embedding for neuropathologic evaluation and provide specific examples (with a comparison to another processing workflow) that help support the idea that the methods and tools used in the embedding process can alter the quality of the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded histopathologic results. The process used at the UK-ADC has been successful for us, but results may vary in relation to each embedding machine and with other factors.


To the Editor.— Cloninger 1 has recently presented an interesting proposal for classifications of personality variants based on monoamine functions. One of his three postulated dimensions of personality is termed novelty seeking . A reading of the description of this dimension suggests that it is practically identical to the trait dimension termed sensation seeking , 2 defined as "the need for varied, novel and complex sensations and experiences and the willingness to take physical and social risks for the sake of such experience." This trait has been studied for 23 years beginning with the report of the development of the first form of the Sensation Seeking Scale in 1964. It is regrettable that Cloninger has ignored the voluminous literature on sensation seeking 2,3 and its biologic correlates 3-5 and relations to behavior disorders, including antisocial personality, alcohol and other drug abuse, and manicdepressive disorder. The omission of this large body of research


With the microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) the effects of methane concentration deposition pressure and gas flow rate on diamond coating on single crystal silicon substrate were studied systemically.The SEM pictures of different samples showed that the above mentioned parameters had very important influenced about the micro-pattern of diamond films,such as the size of crystal particle,steadiness,continuity,compactness,etc.The sharp peak 1332cm -1 of diamond films' Raman spectrum showed that the films had good crystallization quality,it had the same result with the SEM picture.Finally,its properties of field emission were studied,the emission can be obtained at field as low as 4.4V/μm, and the high emission current density about 128mA/cm2 was got at 650V.


The assembly of a pulsed laser spectroscopy laboratory is presented. The authors describe how they constructed pulsed lasers, fast photodetectors, a boxcar signal averager, and associated equipment. A molecular nitrogen laser operating up to 50 Hz with an ultraviolet (337.1 nm) 700 kW pulse was used to optically pump an organic dye laser. The resulting output could be tuned from 360.0 to 680.0 nm. This pulse was typically 30 kW and 8 nsec, which makes it ideally suited to selective excitation and fluorescence studies. By constructing this equipment, it is estimated that the investment was one-tenth the cost of commercial components.


Rotten Kid theorem of Gary Becker asserts that if all members of the family received the gift or income of other household members , then even if there are family members who are selfish , they still will maximize total family income . Thus, the welfare of the family members will not be affected at anyone who holds power in the family because of the assumption of homogeneous preferences (unitary approach) . However, these assumptions can be said to be unrealistic , especially recent studies in collective models show systematic differences between the way men and women distribute its power in the household . This paper tries to analyze the behavior of households in Indonesia in distributing the resources they have, especially in determining the child's human capital formation . Utilizing data from IFLS4 , it can be said in Indonesian households in general have an allocation system that is unitary approach . Distribution is done together does not depend on who holds the power in it . In particular also an indication that the higher the wife's education , the better the child's education and are owned by the decline in the probability of child labor .


Unknown words are inevitable at any step of analysis in natural language processing. We propose a method to extract words from a corpus and estimate the probability that each word belongs to given parts of speech (POSs), using a distributional analysis. Our experiments have shown that this method is effective for inferring the POS of unknown words.


In an effort to identify biomarker(s) for prostatic cancer (PCa), we analyzed the changes of secretory proteins in the ventral prostate (VP) of Noble rats at early stages of carcinogenesis.


Environmental safety is perceived as one of the priority needs of the personality, society and the state, among their other vital needs, since for the first time in the human history it is becoming a decisive factor for the self-preservation of mankind at the time of the global environmental crisis. Environmental safety is seen as a measure of environmental hazard, where the main properties of the social and economic system, as well as the vector of its progressive development are preserved. The quantitative certainty of the environmental hazard, which combines its probability and severity, is reflected by environmental risk. The possibility of resolving the contemporary global environmental conflict is discovered through analysis of environmental risks. Keywords—global environmental conflict; sustainable development; socio-ecosystem; environmental safety;


Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) have evoked a keen interest in recent times for potential applications in marines, aerospace and automotive industries owing to their superior strength to weight ratio and high temperature resistance. The excellent mechanical properties of these materials and relatively low production cost make them a very attractive candidate for a variety of applications both from scientific and technological viewpoints. Present review is focused on the study of corrosion behaviour of Aluminium alloy (6063) /Alumina /Zircon sand composite produced by the stir casting technique by controlling various casting parameters.


Wesleyan published Brathwaite's previous collection, Born to Slow Horses (2005), which won the prestigious Griffin Prize (Canada). Elegguas is the press's 2010 choice for English language poetry ''from an author outside the United States.'' Brathwaite is Barbadian/Caribbean, and while much of his work is centered in the region, his creative vision includes not only the Americas but much of the rest of the world. His elegy for 9/11, ''Ark,'' included both in the 2005 collection and here, connects New York to London, as well as many of the all too frequent places in our fallen world in which extreme violence and cruelty has ruined or ended lives. Elegguas signifies both the Western elegy (so important in the history of Anglophone poetry), and ancient traditions of West African mourning, with ''legg'' suggesting Legba, the Yoruba god who straddles the boundaries between the living and dead. There is lament and mourning here, above all a sense of infinite loss, often present in Brathwaite's work but here the major focus of the collection, which is however lightened by some poems about love and survival. The experienced reader will find new poems and familiar poems slightly but significantly revised. Revision and re-ordering of poems are both important aspects of Brathwaite's poetics, by which he teaches the need for subtlety in close reading. It is particularly rewarding to read all his books as one evolving work. But this collection is especially welcoming for new readers, because it offers examples of a range of Brathwaite's poetic styles from the 1950s to our new millennium. The ordering of the volume is of particular importance, taking the reader on a moving and profound journey through the witness of death and the affirmation of life in the face of it. There are ten sections. The Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas, Issue 82, Vol. 44, No. 1, 2011, 161 162


The population of giant planets on short-period orbits can potentially be explained by some flavours of high-eccentricity migration. In this paper, we investigate one such mechanism involving 'secular chaos', in which secular interactions between at least three giant planets push the inner planet to a highly eccentric orbit, followed by tidal circularization and orbital decay. In addition to the equilibrium tidal friction, we incorporate dissipation due to dynamical tides that are excited inside the giant planet. Using the method of Gaussian rings to account for planet–planet interactions, we explore the conditions for extreme eccentricity excitation via secular chaos and the properties of hot Jupiters formed in this migration channel. Our calculations show that once the inner planet reaches a sufficiently large eccentricity, dynamical tides quickly dissipate the orbital energy, producing an eccentric warm Jupiter, which then decays in semimajor axis through equilibrium tides to become a hot Jupiter. Dynamical tides help the planet avoid tidal disruption, increasing the chance of forming a hot Jupiter, although not all planets survive the process. We find that the final orbital periods generally lie in the range of 2–3 d, somewhat shorter than those of the observed hot Jupiter population. We couple the planet migration to the stellar spin evolution to predict the final spin-orbit misalignments. The distribution of the misalignment angles we obtain shows a lack of retrograde orbits compared to observations. Our results suggest that high-eccentricity migration via secular chaos can only account for a fraction of the observed hot Jupiter population.


Women comprise half of the HIV infections worldwide. Prevention is possible through a variety of approaches, including routine testing and timely treatment, educating patients about barrier methods to prevent sexually transmitted disease, pre and post-exposure prophylaxis in at risk populations and through prenatal testing. Treatment with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is quite effective and through viral suppression life expectancy has greatly increased for people living with HIV/AIDS, particularly for women. But there are still gender and ethnic differences in the access to treatment due to different social and structural barriers making AIDS the leading cause of death for African American women. Perinatal exposure to HIV had a 30% increase in the last decade and despite great efforts to diagnose and treat mother and infants, infections still occur. Women may have higher rates for side effects and lower adherence rates to HAART. Degenerative diseases are an increasing concern for the HIV infected population, particularly, for women, and especially diseases related to cardiovascular disease and bone metabolism. 1


In this study, a promising process called bioacidification was used to remove organic pollutant from Woolscouring Effluent (WSE) by emulsion destabilisation. Chemostat experiments of bioacidification treatment inoculated with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans were operated at high wastewater recycle ratios to achieve shorter Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT). Results exhibited high COD removal efficiency and gradual decrease in treatment time, and the recycle ratio of 4 was determined as the optimal choice due to the maximal treatment efficiency. After treatment with 36 h HRT, 42.6 g L−1 COD (roughly 92% of total COD) was removed, suggesting that this process could be applied in full scale and incorporated into an overall treatment package.


Commodity display is very important in online shopping. In this paper, a method of reconstructing the commodity 3D model is proposed. Firstly, this paper accepts point clouds of a commodity from different angles. Secondly, before initial alignment, this paper compresses point clouds based on octree. Thirdly, this paper aligns all point clouds. At last, we reconstruct the commodity surface. In this step, a point cloud smoothing algorithm based on MLS and a Delaunay growth projection algorithm are proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the computation time consumed by our improved registration algorithm is only one sixth of that of traditional one. And the quality only decreases slightly. The commodity 3D model has been successfully and efficiently reconstructed.


The formation of extracellular DNA traps (ETosis) is a first response mechanism by specific immune cells following exposure to microbes 1,2. Initially characterized in vertebrate neutrophils, cells capable of ETosis have been discovered recently in diverse non-vertebrate taxa 3 4-6. To assess the conservation of ETosis between evolutionarily distant non-vertebrate phyla, we observed and quantified ETosis using the model ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Here we report that ctenophores – thought to have diverged very early from the metazoan stem lineage 7-10– possess immune cell types capable of phagocytosis and ETosis. We demonstrate that both Mnemiopsis and Crassostrea immune cells undergo ETosis after exposure to diverse microbes and chemical agents that stimulate ion flux. Our results support ETosis as an evolutionarily ancient metazoan defense against pathogens.


The utility model discloses a carbon-free sand powder cyclone separation device which consists of a dust removal port, a shell, a vibrating motor, observation holes, a valve, a discharge opening and a feeding hole, and is characterized in that the middle of the upper end of the shell is provided with the dust removal port; the middle of the lower end of the shell is provided with the discharge opening; the upper end of the discharge opening is provided with the valve; one side of the upper end of the shell is provided with the feeding hole; two sides of the lower end of the shell are provided with the observation holes; and one side of the observation holes is provided with the vibrating motor. The carbon-free sand powder cyclone separation device has the beneficial effects of being simple in structure, convenient to operate, good in separation effect, high in separation efficiency and suitable for separating the carbon-free sand powder.


The study has tried to analize and appraise how did public library system under the Japanese imperialism affect the establishment and managemant of Korean public libraries. To achieve the purpose of the above-mentioned study, the contents of Japanese library statute under Japanese imperialism and the current Korean library law have been mutually compared, at the same time, the vestiage of Japanese imperialism in view of the establishment, personnel administration and reading systems have been concretely investigated, analyzed and compared. The conclusions obtained from the above are as followings. 1. In those days of the Korean Liberation, the situation of Korean public libraries was such as it under the Japanese rule and so, their names were only changed. However, as a part of its independent activities, the national library have once carried out the various programs such as the training of professional librarians, the establishment of the new classification schedule and the chief Librarian and deputy Librarian from the professional librarians in the office regulations, and they were well worth being the good examples for today's Korean library circle. Though the Goverment of the Republic of Korea had been formally established, the situation of the library circle was very dull owing to the Korean war for a long time. In 1963, The Korean library law was promulgated, but the establishment of public libraries did not give satisfactory results because of the institutional fragility. In the 1980's the importance of library was embossed from the viewpoint of life-long education and the number of libraries was increased. However, there were still the remaining vestiges of Japanese library system in the practical library services. 2. After the Korean Liberation, the influnces of public library system under the Japanese imperialism showed in the office regulation of national library and the Korea library Law were also in the legal mechanism. In particular, the regulations of The staff-member of public library and Admission fee of public library including the chief librarian have referred to the library system under the Japanese imperialism since the liberation day to date. 3. At that time of the Korean Liberation, the U.S.Military Government Office had decided that the public library administration should be attached to the administration of local and internal affairs in accordance with the Japanese administative system. As a result, the public libraries had been forced to be indirectly affected by public library system under the Japanese imperialism for twenty years since the Liberation. 4. Since the Liberation, the personnel adminstration of public library has been so far on the steps of model under the Japanese imperialism. As the result of the field survey, the position standards of local chief librarians, non-professional character, the extra post system and the preponderant appointment of non-professional offices have analyzed by the influence of Public library system under the Japanese imperialism. Therefore, the Government authorities-concerned must readjust the standards of qualification and the divided duties corresponding to the position of public library staff members and to stipulate expressly in the revised library law. In addition, the regulation of the admission fee should be also actively detected for the free adminssion of library users. 5. Since the Liberation Day, the reading methods of public library have been so far similar to reading method under the Japaness imperialism. For example, the admission fee levied, the complicated procedures of using books including entrance and exit of a library, no-admission system, the limited lending books, the deposit system of outdoor lending books and the surety liable jointly and severally are originally caused by bureaucracy of under the Japanese imperialism. Therefore, the public libraries should make an offer space and opportunities which can enjoy freedom to the gull in future. The procedures and standards of library users will be simplified, if possible. As the above-mentioned, the actual conditions of Korean public libraries have been examined and analyzed. As the result of it, there are still the remaining vestiges of public library system under the Japanese imperialism in the establishment and management of the nation-wide public libraries. Such the remnants are an obstacle to the democratic development of public libraries and so, the authorities-concerned should take the proper-measures as soon as possible.


All-atom molecular dynamics simulations are performed on bulk and aqueous liquid−vapor interfacial systems for neat water and 1 M solutions of NaCl, CsCl, and NaI to more quantitatively characterize ion solvation in these environments and to more fully elucidate trends accompanying the introduction of ion polarizability in the context of a polarizable water potential. In the bulk systems, computed densities, hydration free energies, compressibilities, coordination numbers, and a variety of two- and three-atom distribution functions show that the polarizable ions exhibit smaller effective radii, a slightly increased propensity for bulk hydration (particularly for the anions), and no biased preference for contact ion or solvent-separated ion pairing relative to the corresponding nonpolarizable cases. For the interfacial systems employing long (>40 ns) sampling times, we obtain good convergence for a variety of interfacial characteristics such as slab thicknesses and interfacial widths, depth-dependent water...


Background: The rising prevalence of preterm birth is a significant public health concern. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the calcium channel blocker Nifedipine compared to the β2 agonist Levosalbutamol for inhibiting uterine contractions in early preterm labor, with a focus on maternal side effects and perinatal outcomes. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital over one year, involving pregnant women experiencing early preterm labor (24-36 weeks gestation, regular uterine contractions, cervical dilation 1-3 cm). a total N=66 patients were randomly assigned to receive either Nifedipine (Experimental group) or Levosalbutamol (Control group). Primary maternal outcomes included tocolysis, time to tocolysis, prolongation of pregnancy by ≥2 days, and delivery at term. Secondary perinatal outcomes included birth asphyxia, perinatal mortality, and the need for emergency NICU admission. Secondary maternal outcomes included side effects such as headache, hypotension, nausea/vomiting, and tachycardia. Results: Over 90% of patients in the Nifedipine group achieved tocolysis compared to 72.7% in the Levosalbutamol group (p = 0.054). Nifedipine achieved significantly faster tocolysis (8.7 hours vs. 29.3 hours, p < 0.001). The Experimental group showed higher rates of arresting preterm labor for ≥2 days and lower rates of preterm delivery. Maternal side effects were lower for headache but higher for hypotension and nausea/vomiting in the Nifedipine group. Tachycardia occurred in the Control group but not the Experimental group. Both groups had low rates of birth asphyxia. Perinatal mortality was lower in the Experimental group, and NICU admission was less frequent. Conclusion: Nifedipine demonstrated superior efficacy over Levosalbutamol in terms of tocolysis, time to tocolysis, prolongation of pregnancy, delivery at term, with fewer maternal side effects and improved perinatal outcomes in pregnant women .....


FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to immunology. What is described is an immunoconjugates targeting CD138-expressing cells containing: IgG4 anti-CD138 antibody containing a heavy chain having CDRs from SEQ ID NO: 1 presented in the description and at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1, and a light chain having CDRs from SEQ ID NO: 2 presented in the description and at least 70% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2; and an effector molecule presenting a tubulin polymerisation inhibitor, and wherein the effector molecule is attached to the above engineered target antibody through a cleaved linker containing a disulphide bond. Besides, disclosed are a pharmaceutical composition and a kit for inhibition, delaying and/or prevention of tumour growth and/or CD138-expressing tumour cell propagation, wherein the composition contains the above immunoconjugate in an effective amount, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients; the kit comprises pharmaceutical compositions in independent containers, wherein one container comprises an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention, while the other container contains a second pharmaceutical composition containing an effective amount of a co-drug, preferentially a cytotoxic agent, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. There are presented the following methods implying administering the above immunoconjugate: a) a method of treating multiple myeloma in an individual; b) a method for immunoconjugate-mediated drug delivery; c) a method for inhibition, delaying and/or prevention of CD138-expressing tumour cell growth in a cell culture; d) a method for inhibition, delaying and/or prevention of the growth of a tumour containing CD138 tumour cells, and/or propagation of the tumour cells of this tumour in the patient; e) a method for inhibition, delaying and/or prevention of the tumour growth and/or propagation of CD138-expressing tumour cells in the patient; f) a method of treating the individual suffering a condition expected to be improved by suppressing myeloma cell survival; g) a method for inhibition, delaying and/or prevention of the growth of the tumour containing CD138 tumour cells, and/or propagation of the tumour cells in the individual; h) a method for reducing a cell count in a direct or mediated contact to the CD138-expressing tumour cells in the individual; i) a method for reducing a cell count in a direct or mediated contact to the CD138-expressing tumour cells. EFFECT: invention enables preparing a homogenously targeted agent for treating the CD138-related diseases. 45 cl, 13 dwg, 5 tbl, 1 ex


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of the Quality of Life (QoL) in Ireland using a sample of 3,500 respondents to the Irish Health Service Executive's Survey of Consumers' Experience of the Health Services in Ireland (HSE Survey) carried out between November 2006 and March 2007. Using an ordered logit model, we show that the likelihood of being satisfied with one's QoL is enhanced by social class, income, employment and, above all, by health. The methodology's ability to identify persons who might be 'at risk' from a low QoL allows one to speculate on the QoL in Ireland today, in the winter of its discontent, compared to that in 2006–07 when it basked in the summer of the Celtic Tiger. In present circumstances, one would expect that joblessness would play a much more important role in determining QoL: prior to 2008, unemployment meant a short wait till a suitable job turned up; now it is more likely to involve either a protracted search at home or emigration. Furthermore, since unemployment often leads to bad health outcomes, one can be reasonably certain that the QoL associated with a 14 per cent unemployment rate will be considerably worse than those witnessed during the halcyon days of the economic boom. This raises the question of how this additional, recession-induced demand for health services will be met at a time when public expenditure on health in Ireland is to be cut by €1.4 billion over the next four years.


Abstract : Presented is Part I of a two-part conference record, summarizing the discussions of, and reproducing the papers contributed to, the Seminar on Development and Security in Thailand. Part I examines the nature of the insurgency in Thailand and its implications for U.S. aid programming. At present, Communist operations in Thailand are small, in an early stage of development, and relatively inefficient and unsophisticated; however, there is ample evidence of growth, increased planning, and coordination of activity. In view of the current inadequacy of data on the insurgency, five problem areas are designated as research priorities: (1) the insurgent organization, (2) the insurgent 'image,' (3) the villagers' perspective, (4) the government's information system, and (5) the government's strategic options.