suffering Christ constituting central themes. Bellows and Connelly argue that the Lost Cause has become a protean symbol capable of adaptation not only by southerners but also by other Americans in times of frustration. The resulting portrait is a succession of often brilliant insights linking diverse cultural phenomena from Appomattox to the present, but the authors pay a price for this breadth in so short a book. Brevity produces tantalizing observations which cry out for further explanation. For example, the authors contend that the South which glorified the myth of the cavalier also "remained the most puritan of all American regions"—a paradox which deserves to be explored as well as noted. Occasionally the argument soars into bold generalizations of dubious clarity and accuracy. What does it mean to call Pentecostalism, whose first major appearance was outside the South, a product of the Lost Cause? Such omissions and overstatements notwithstanding, God and General Longstreet remains a provocative analysis of the enduring significance of Confederate defeat.


Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are thought to be an attractive candidate for cell therapy. We recently reported that the transplantation of DPSCs increased nerve conduction velocity and nerve blood flow in diabetic rats. In the present study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of DPSC transplantation on diabetic peripheral nerves.


This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy foliar application of moringa leaf extract (MLE) and seaweed extract (SWE) as a natural crop growth enhancer to alleviation of heat stress and improving growth and yield of "Anna" apple trees (Malus domestica L.), under normal and heat stress conditions during 2015 and 2016 seasons successively. The study included 3 levels of heat [low (T1), medium (T2) and high (T3)] and in each temperature level 7 treatments were done as follows: control treatment moringa extract at dilution (10,20 and 30 time) and Seaweed extract at (1, 2 and 3ml/ L.).Results revealed that there was significant effect on all studied traits form the two factors except in shoot thickness where the interaction was not significant and in leaf area where the heat and interaction were not significant too. Results indicated positive effects on vegetative growth and yield. In general the best results for all applied treatments were in (T2). MLE10 treatment caused the best results of vegetative growth parameters (except in shoot thickness where SWE3 gave the highest value), fruit drop% and the yield. MLE20 treatment gave the highest values of initial fruit set%, final fruit set%. The study recommended that foliar application of MLE 20 at full bloom and MLE10 at month after full bloom and at two month after full bloom to get the best results.


Lichen richness-biomass relationships were studied in 286 plots of 50 cm x 50 cm in terricolous lichen vegetation on non-calcareous substrates of temperate northern Germany (64 plots) and Denmark (49), boreal Finland (75) and low-arctic Southeast Greenland (98). Frequency and magnitude of disturbance were estimated for each plot. Syntaxonomically the stands belong to the C e r a t o d o n t o P o l y t r i c h e t e a, P e l t i g e  r e t a l i a and represent 5 federations: B a e o m y c i o n r o s e i, C l a d o n i o n a r b u s c u l a e, C l a d o n i o n r e i, S o l o r i n i o n c r o c e a e and C e t r a r i o n n i v a l i s . Lichen richness clearly increases from temperate to low-arctic regions. Highest bio mass values are achieved in boreal Finland. The biomass values include lichens and bryo phytes. For the temperate and boreal study areas the relationships principally agree with those predicted by Grime's humped-back model. The relationships seem to be primarily deter mined by the gradient of anthropo-zoogenic disturbance because most stands belong to the same successional series. In low-arctic Southeast Greenland the lichen richness-bio mass relationship is much more complicated, probably due to the fact that l ichen vegeta tion can occur in much more different habitats. This results in more different gradients of stress and disturbance. The relationship mainly differs in two aspects. On the one hand lichen richness at intermediate biomass values can not only be high, as expected from the model, but also quite low (less than 10 species / 0.25 m2). The very low lichen richness at intermediate biomass values appears to be correlated with prolonged snow cover. On the other hand the decrease in l ichen richness at high biomass values is much less pro nounced in the Low-Arctic than expected. This is probably due to a declining competiti veness of the large species caused by stress combined with the omnipresent small-scale disturbance in the Arctic.


Abstract Background Ceftolozane–tazobactam (C/T) is an antipseudomonal cephalosporin combined with a β-lactamase inhibitor. The combination was cleared by FDA and EMA and is approved in the United States and over 60 countries worldwide. Using clinical isolates collected in the United States and Canada as part of the global SMART surveillance program, we compared the activity of C/T and ceftazidime–avibactam (CAZ/AVI) against P. aeruginosa isolates and subsets nonsusceptible (NS) to selected antimicrobial agents. Methods In 2018, 31 clinical laboratories from United States and Canada collected up to 250 consecutive, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative pathogens (GNP) from blood, intra-abdominal, urinary, and lower respiratory tract infections. A total of 6,178 GNP were collected, of which 1,138 (18.4%) were P. aeruginosa. MICs were determined using CLSI broth microdilution and interpreted with CLSI 2019 breakpoints. Results The MIC distributions of C/T and CAZ/AVI against 1,138 P. aeruginosa are shown below. The modal MIC value for C/T was ≥2 doubling dilutions lower than that for CAZ/AVI, and it was ≥3 dilutions lower than the C/T CLSI susceptible breakpoint, whereas the modal MIC value for CAZ/AVI was 2 dilutions lower than its susceptible breakpoint. Among all P. aeruginosa isolates, percentages of susceptibility were 96.0% (C/T), 93.8% (CAZ/AVI), 76.6% (CAZ and cefepime), 67.0% (imipenem [IMI]), 74.0% (meropenem [MEM]), 71.5% (piperacillin–tazobactam [TZP]), and 64.9% (aztreonam). Among subsets of nonsusceptible isolates, susceptibilities to C/T and CAZ/AVI were 83.5% and 74.4%, respectively (CAZ-NS subset, n = 266), 91.0% and 85.1% (IMI-NS, n = 376), 87.5% and 80.1% (MEM-NS, n = 296), 87.0% and 79.6% (TZP-NS, n = 324), and 72.4% and 57.8% among isolates nonsusceptible to all tested β-lactams (n = 116). Conclusion The activity of C/T exceeded that of CAZ/AVI and other tested comparators against a recent collection of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, including subsets of isolates nonsusceptible to other β-lactams. Susceptibilities to C/T were 6–14 percentage points higher than observed for CAZ/AVI among β-lactam-NS subsets. C/T promises to be an important treatment option for patients with antimicrobial-resistant P. aeruginosa infections. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


In contemporary organizations, human resources are considered to be the most strategic assets. Given that effective organizational communication has been recognized as a crucial factor in enhancing organizational outcomes, it is undoubtedly the most critical dynamic in keeping employees committed to the organization and satisfied in their work. While several researchers have sought to establish an understanding of how the context of the organization influences communication processes, studies in the field of public administration have provided little knowledge about organizational communication and effects. A thorough review of the existing literature in this field revealed a research gap that brought to mind the following research question: What is the impact of organizational communication on organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the Namibian public organizations? An empirical study of 100 public employees from 25 Namibian Government Ministries was conducted to answer this research question.


In order to eliminate signal noise, an improved wavelet packets transform is introduced with wavelet packets decomposing coefficient array given, and relativity of signal, multi-scale time-frequency analysis and reconstructing are put together for de-noise study. This method is proved to be effective by a simulation example and comparison with recent de-noise using wavelet theory.


Translation is not only related to two languages, but also to two different cultures. On one hand, language is the carrier of a culture; on the other, culture is also a source from which a language can survive and develop. Culture is the contents and object that a language should reflect. Therefore, we can never focus on linguistic features only for translation without a bit concern for culture. What we should pay attention to is to conduct a correct analysis of the difference between two cultures, so as to work out appropriate strategies for translation and produce the greatest benefits to the writer, the translator and the reader.


After discussing the structure of the personnel of public libraries at present and its problems in terms of modern knowledge-economy times,the following ideas had been proposed:Improve personnels' comprehensive quality,as well as to improve their foreign language proficiency and the ability of retrieving documents which is based on their personal knowledge structure(including knowledge and so on computer,network),meanwhile,to raise their occupational ethics ideas,which can provide the society,research and readers with real high-qualified service.


Progressive myoclonus epilepsy of Unverricht-Lundborg type (EPM1) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by stimulus-sensitive myoclonus, tonic-clonic epileptic seizures, age of onset at 6-15 years and a progressive course. Mutations in the cystatin B (CSTB) gene underlie EPM1. The most common underlying mutation is a dodecamer repeat expansion in the putative promoter region of the gene. In addition, prior to this work, seven other EPM1associated CSTB mutations had been published. CSTB, a cysteine protease inhibitor, is a ubiquitously expressed tightly binding reversible inhibitor of cathepsins B, L, H and S, but its physiological function is unknown. In this study, we characterized the regulation and expression of the CSTB gene, determined the subcellular localization of the CSTB protein and elucidated the consequences of patient mutations on expression and subcellular localization of the CSTB gene and protein. Two novel EPM1-associated CSTB mutations, c.149G>A and c.168+1_18del were identified. Using promoter-luciferase reporter gene constructs, the basal CSTB promoter activity was located in the region from -670 to -1 bp from the translation initiation codon. The binding activity of transcription factors to five Sp1 and four AP1 sites as well as weak binding to an androgen response element (ARE) half site was demonstrated. The mouse Cstb transcript was present in all embryonic stages and adult tissues examined, the expression being highest at embryonic day 7. In adult tissues highest expression was detected in thymus. In sectioned E17 embryos highest expression was seen in the thymus, intestine and neopallial cortex. In postnatal brain Cstb expression was cell-specific, being highest in the cortex, caudate putamen, thalamus and hippocampus, as well as in the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum. Cystatin B expression thus seems to be tightly temporally and spatially regulated. Several alternatively spliced CSTB isoforms were identified, of these CSTB2 was widely expressed, also in brain, but with very low levels compared to CSTB expression. The other splice variants showed more restricted tissue expression. The endogenous CSTB protein localized to the nucleus, cytoplasm and lysosomes in COS-1 cells and human myoblasts. When myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes CSTB was excluded from the nucleus and lysosomes and merely Molecular biology of progressive myoclonus epilepsy of Unverrich-Lundborg type (EPM1) 11 localized to the cytoplasm, suggesting that the subcellular distribution of CSTB is dependent on the differentation status of the cells. Compatible with some 10-fold lowered in vitro transcriptional activity of the CSTB promoter containing a "premutation" length dodocamer repeat expansion, the CSTB expression was clearly decreased in individuals with "premutation" repeat expansions. The expression of CSTB mRNA and CSTB protein was markedly reduced in cells of EPM1 patients irrespective of the mutation type with the exception of one missense mutation. The proteins representing patient missense mutations were localized to cytoplasm and nucleus, but failed to associate with lysosomes, implying the importance of the lysosomal association for the proper physiological function of CSTB. By quantitative real-time PCR the splice variant CSTB2 was shown to be expressed at very low levels in all tissues. Whether CSTB2 protein is translated in vivo and its physiological relevance remain unknown. In patients the level of CSTB2 expression was reduced similarly to that of CSTB . We were unable to detect endogenous CSTB2 protein in cell lines with the antibodies available. The overexpressed wild-type and p.Gly4Arg mutant CSTB2 proteins localized evenly to cytoplasm and nucleus, but not to lysosomes. Instead, the p.Gly50Glu CSTB2 protein aggregated in cytoplasm and nucleus. The data produced in this study lay the basis for further understanding of the role of CSTB in health and disease.


Objective To construct reference ranges for normal Chinese fetal corpus callosum dimensions from 20 to 40 weeks' gestation.Methods The lengths,widths,and thicknesses of the corpus callosum were measured using 2D ultrasonography in 621 normal fetuses between 20 and 40 weeks of gestation,and the correlations and regressions between dimension and gestational age(GA) were calculated.Results Each dimension of the fetal corpus callosum was positively correlated with GA(r =0.802 for length,P0.001;r =0.724 for width,P0.01;r = 0.701 for thickness,P0.01).Corpus callosum growth curve is best fit by a quadratic function:length(mm)=-60.437+5.2073(GA)-0.0652(GA)2,P0.001;width(mm)=0.2863+0.2555(GA)-0.0014(GA)2,P0.001;thickness(mm)=-1.4780+0.1944(GA)-0.0023(GA)2,P0.001.Conclusions Sizes of the corpus callosum in normal fetuses are positively correlaled with the gestation age.Normative measurements of the fetal corpus callosum from this study may serve as a useful reference in assessing the agenesis of corpus callosum or dating of GA.


Objective To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection and chronic urticaria(CU)and to observe the efficacy of different treatments for CU.Methods Hp infection was tested in 95 cases of CU patients and 35 healthy controls by14C-urea breath test(14C-UBT).The Hp-positive patients with CU were randomly divided into two groups:group A(control group)was given only standard treatment with cetirizine hydrochloride once a day for 4 weeks,while patients in group B(treatment group)given standard treatment for 4 weeks plus anti-Hp triple therapy with esomeprazole 20mg day,amoxicillin 1.0g and clarithromycin 0.5g twice a day for 1 week,then the efficacy of treatment was observed.Results There Hp-positive rate(64.21%)in CU patients was much higher than that in healthy controls(31.43%)(P0.05).The curative rate of treatment group was 58.62% and the effective rate was 75.86%while were 27.59% and 55.17% in control group respectively.The curative rate in the two groups had significantly difference(P0.05).The eradication rate of Hp was 93.10% in treatment group and 3.45% in control group,which also had significantly difference(P0.05).Conclusion The relationship between Hp infection and CU is close.Standard trentment of CU plus anti-Hp triple therapy shows good clinical efficacy.


A newly recognized 2-m-thick trachytic volcanic ash deposit from northwestern Greece is dated at 374,000 ± 7000 yr and correlated with the Middle Pleistocene volcanic activity of central Italy. The deposit represents ash fallout from one of the largest volcanic eruptions in Europe of the past 400,000 yr and should provide an important stratigraphic marker within the poorly dated Middle Pleistocene deposits of Italy and Greece.


High-performance three-dimensional boron nitride fiber reinforced silicon nitride (BNf/Si3N4) composites were prepared by the infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process using BN fiber fabrics as the reinforcing body and excellent nitride organic precursor (Perhydropolysilazane, PHPS) as the Impregnated liquid. The ablation resistance of the composite was evaluated by plasma jet ablation test in air. The results show that a uniform and dense interface layer is formed on the fiber surface, with thickness is about 100 nm, and the XRD test shows that it is hexagonal BN (h-BN). The density of the composite reaches more than 1.72 g·cm-3 and the bending strength is more than 80 MPa. Under the condition of plasma jet ablation test at 2000 °C / 200 s, the mass ablation rate is 3.32 × 10-4 g/s, the linear ablation rate is 4.78 × 10-3 mm/s. The prepared materials have excellent resistance to high temperature ablation, and are expected to be used in the field of high temperature microwave transparent such as high mach missile radome, antenna window and so on.


—The present era has witnessed a rapid technologi- cal advancement, which has shaped our social connection into a new dimension. Online social networks are gaining acceptance and popularity among masses. PCs and mobile devices are used to connect with each other. Availability of online social networks on remote devices, such as cell phones, has made it even more pervasively. A large population of internet users today is actively participating in online social networks (e.g., Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, Blogger). The percentage of members is growing higher each year. Online social networks are a specific type of Virtual Organizations, called informal VOs. This paper focuses on users and resources gathered and provided by online social networks. It presents online social networks as informal VOs and develops a generic pattern of user and its special type, which we call SUBJECT . It identifies the roles served by users as Subjects in online social networks and it reveals how users can be "consumed" as a resource in an informal VO.


ABSTRACT Sexuality in later life is an essential factor for quality of life among older adults However, little is known about the sexuality of older adult immigrants from East Asia who have experienced both Western and Eastern cultures. In addition, we have limited information about the mechanism of how sexual attitudes impact life satisfaction through knowledge of sexuality. To address these knowledge gaps, a cross-sectional research design was conducted by collecting data from older East Asian immigrants aged 60 or over in a large city in a Midwestern state. We analyzed 96 responses using exploratory factor analysis and mediation analysis. The results showed that older adult immigrants who had more open sexual attitudes were likely to possess accurate sexual knowledge. Older adult immigrants' sexual knowledge mediated the relationship between their sexual attitudes and life satisfaction. The findings highlight the importance of lifelong sexual education for older adult immigrants and recommend social workers train in culturally sensitive approaches.


The analysis of structural changes in the consumption of households of the Chuvash Republic over the past two decades has been carried out, highlighting cause-effect relationships. Special attention is paid to the crisis of income and consumption in recent years, which in turn has caused a strong contraction in domestic demand.


Based on the theory of media communication effect,the paper defines to large the media communication effect of major sports events.It analyzes the psychological mechanism for the formation of media communication effect of major sports events from the perspective of mental models.It further divides the effect into shallow,middle,sub-deep and deep levels.The paper,based on the above analysis,puts forward the effect index composed of media communication,audiences,economic effect,social effect and negative effect.


In a systematic genome-wide analysis of multiple sclerosis involving 12 360 individuals we identified three markers showing association with genome-wide significance (p.5.0E–7); one from IL7R gene (rs6897932) and two from the IL2RA gene (rs12722489/rs2104286). In each case the major allele modestly increases susceptibility to the disease (odds ratio ,1.2). To replicate and refine these associations we typed all three variants in an additional 20 708 individuals from Caucasian populations within the IMSGC providing a total of 33,068 individuals for analysis (11 019 unrelated cases, 13 616 controls and 2811 trios giving 8433 individuals). All three associations were confirmed at high levels of significance (rs6897932 p = 1.21E–17; rs2104286 p = 2.38E–23; rs12722489 p = 2.24E–15) and we found no evidence for heterogeneity of effect across the populations studied. Analysis at a genotypic level confirmed homozygosity for the risk allele conferred greater susceptibility than the heterozygote genotype. This extension analysis illustrates the value of data sets that are significantly larger than the 2000 cases and controls recommended as a minimum by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC); and convincingly replicates the associations in the IL7R and IL2RA genes.


The process of structure formation in the Universe can be explained by the gravitational instability of the different components of matter, in particular the field of dark matter. In this work the model to be considered is the dark matter described by an ultra-light scalar field minimally coupled with gravity and its gravitational instability in an expanding flat universe. The study of these aspects is done with the usual techniques for the fluid components of standard material, which include the use of the L-PICOLA code. Numerical and analytical solutions are presented, considering the theory of linear perturbations in the synchronous norm. In addition, the two-point correlation functions for the linear and nonlinear regimes of the scalar field dark matter and their comparison with the solutions of the standard cold dark matter model are presented.


An actinobacterial strain, named PAL114, isolated from date palm grove soil of Ghardaia (Algeria)  showed an important antifungal activity against various pathogenic and/or mycotoxigenic fungi on  different culture media. The highest level of antifungal activity was observed after the 12th day of  fermentation. The Bennett medium was found to be the best medium for optimum growth and antifungal  activity. The produced metabolites were detected by reverse-phase HPLC using a C18 column and the  fractions corresponding to peaks were collected, concentrated then tested against Aspergillus carbonarius M333 to detect the active fractions. The results showed the presence of novel bioactive metabolites on the  12th day, which exhibited significant antifungal activity


IN this article the term pyelitis is used to denote a pathological condition of the urinary organs of, which the main indication is the passage of strongly acid urine containing pus cells and a small amount of albumin. Although sometimes associated with the extension of infection to other portions of the urinary system, and then denominated cystitis, pyelonephritis and pyelocystitis, it is deemed wise in this article to consider only the acute febrile disorder affecting chiefly the pelvis of the kidney, regarding it as a separate entity. The disease develops much oftener in infancy and childhood than was formerly supposed, and is in fact of decidedly frequent occurrence. The fact that this condition has failed to obtaiin the attention due to its importance may be largely attributed to the difficulties in ob-` taining urinary specimens from a small infant or child from which to make the diagnosis. In agreement with the reports of other observers the experience gained from the following would indicate that the disorder is of rare occurrence in the first six months of life, but is met with at least twice as frequently before the age of two years as it is after that age. In the writer's collection of patients more than two-thirds of his cases occurred between the ages of six and twenty-four months; nineteen of the patients were female and five male. The following is a detailed statement:


Abstract Verloove F.: Scirpus hattorianus (Cyperaceae), newly reported for Europe, naturalized in France. — Willdenowia 44: 51–55. 14 March 2014. — Version of record published online ahead of inclusion in April 2014 issue; ISSN 1868-6397; © 2014 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.44.44108 The identity of the North American xenophyte Scirpus atrovirens in France was critically reassessed. Nearly all known populations (notably those from the departments Aisne, Jura, Pas-de-Calais and Saône-et-Loire) turned out to be referable to a closely related species, S. hattorianus. Distinguishing features for three species from the S. atrovirens complex (i.e. S. atrovirens s.str., S. georgianus and S. hattorianus) are compared and discussed. An identification key and SEM photographs of their achenes are provided. The ecology and degree of invasiveness of S. hattorianus in France are also briefly discussed.


The correct understanding of contaminant degradation pathways is essential for well-informed decision processes regarding site assessment, monitored natural attenuation, and environmental liability proceedings. Over a 20-year period, and including at least one recent regulatory publication, it has been erroneously reported that cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE) is the daughter product of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA). To clarify the degradation pathways of 1,1,1-TCA, and to corroborate that cis-DCE is not a degradation product of 1,1,1-TCA as suggested and propagated by some sources, we conducted a detailed review of the available literature and mapped out a citation history of 27 publications and reports which contain both the correct and incorrect degradation pathways. Other than the sources containing the erroneous degradation pathways, the reviewed literature shows that cis-DCE is not a proven transformation product of 1,1,1-TCA.


This chapter will first describe how the electromagnetic model of the human phantom and applied plane-wave illumination was constructed to study different phantoms in various scenarios. Two members of the 'Virtual Family' of phantoms were used to represent different human characteristics; gender, height, weight etc. for both occupational and public exposure. There are different exposures limits for public and occupational, due to the exposure circumstances. Detailed information and comparisons are given in the following section of this chapter. The Virtual Family (which was an adjunct to the SEMCAD EM simulation software package) was used extensively to investigate the human whole-body averaged SAR and associated induced current densities. The whole body SAR results from the different phantoms are compared with those published by the UK Health Protection Agency (HPA). Following that, the relationship between the ground plane conditions, human posture and the relationship between human body type and the maximum absorption of electric field is discussed. This includes different ground plane conditions and the techniques used to simulate them.


From its very beginning, MR as an imaging method suffered from inherently low signal intensity. A typical way to compensate for low signal intensity is the repetition of measurements, which causes long imaging times. Besides that, a variety of different approaches are used to increase signal


In order to speed up industrial restructuring,it is necessary to speed up the development of modern logistics industry in Shanxi Province.Relying on better integrated transport system,overall planning,rational distribution,multi-level development of logistics park,logistics positions,and vigorously introducing of advanced logistics technology and management,the introduction and nurture strength of the specialized logistics enterprises which build a modern logistics system who has become one of the pillar industries in Shanxi Province.


ABSTRACT 0–5% Ce-doped CaMoO4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesised by a microwave-assisted method. Phase, morphology and photocatalytic properties of Ce-doped CaMoO4 samples were investigated and explained in accordance with the experimental results. XRD patterns of CaMoO4 and Ce-doped CaMoO4 samples were indexed to tetragonal CaMoO4 structure. Transmission electron microscopy images of the samples indicated that the particle sizes of 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% Ce-doped CaMoO4 samples were 45.54 ± 7.92 nm, 45.21 ± 7.54 nm, 40.76 ± 7.34 nm and 13.57 ± 2.84 nm, respectively. The photocatalytic properties of CaMoO4 and Ce-doped CaMoO4 nanoparticles were investigated through methylene blue degradation under ultraviolet light irradiation. The 3% Ce-doped CaMoO4 nanoparticles have the highest photocatalytic activity of 96.62% within 150 min.


One sector of work that is growing rapidly as well as high potential for the issue of work stress is the banking industry. This can be triggered by a lot of workload and is always changing at any time or monotonous work. Increased work overload and other factors can also cause work stress and inconvenience for employees so that it disrupts their performance. In addition, work stress can be caused by work family conflict in employees. Work family conflict and work stress often arise when one of the roles at work demands more or requires more attention than the role of the family. To overcome this, employees need a form of social support that can come from superiors, coworkers, and families so that later these employees can manage their work stress well. The population of this study in Employees at PT. Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk., Branch of Universitas Sumatera Utara, amounting to 143 people. The Slovin formula is used to determine the number of samples, so that a sample of 106 people is obtained. The data analysis method is structural equation modeling-partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The results showed that work overload had a positive and significant effect on work stress, work family conflict had a positive and significant effect on work stress, family social support had a negative and significant effect on work stress, family social support had a significant effect in moderating between work overload on work stress, and family social support do not have a significant effect in moderating between work family conflicts with work stress.


Comparative oncology is experiencing a growth surge fueled primarily by increased federal funding and better tools to study spontaneous canine cancers. Dogs can serve as a translational, immunocompetent model that bridges the gap between preclinical findings in mice and successfully advancing therapies into humans.


The purpose of this research was to find out production factors affecting on the shallots production in Tawangmangu Subdistrict. The basic method used in this research was inferensial statistic. The determination of the sample area was purposive and the determination of respondents was accidental sampling with 60 farmers as respondents. The technique of collecting data was done by observation, interview, and recording. The data analysis method used Cobb-Douglas regression analysis model. The coefficient of determination (Adj R2) in this research is 0,631, which mean that 63,1% of shallots production in Tawangmangu Subdistrict could be explained by all factors in this research and the rest was explained by other factors. F test result of variable land area, labor, number of seeds, manure, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and pesticides simultaneously have an significant effect on the shallots production in Tawangmangu Subdistrict. t test result of land area, number of seeds and pesticides individually have a significant effect on production, while labor, manure, nitrogen fertilizer phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer individually have no significant effect on the shallots production in Tawangmangu Subdistrict. Land area variable is the most influences factor on the shallots production in Tawangmangu Subdistrict.


In order to improve the recognition correct rate of flood water,a method for normalizing data unit of multiple index analysis of water is developed in the paper.In the method,the data tested are changed Into the ones which has nothing to do with the unit of data,then the changed data are applied to classifing recognition flood water.Combining the advantages of the bottom-up and top-down classification recognition method,a new method for identification flood water is put forward in the paper,in which method,merger and division of water(class) sources can be carried out automatically.The intermediate results experience can be added in the method.Experiment and production practice show that the method is effective.


12078 Background: CD is the leading cause of mortality in BCS. Limited information regarding the long-term risk of CD after exposure to cardiotoxic agents (anthracyclines, trastuzumab/pertuzumab and left breast/chest wall radiation) and additional factors that place BCS at highest risk has precluded development of surveillance guidelines for early detection of CD in BCS. Methods: Patients, who survived ≥1y after BC and received potentially cardiotoxic therapy, underwent q2y echocardiographic (echo) screening at a single center. All echos from BC diagnosis to CD or last follow-up were processed in Python via automated text analysis. New-onset CD was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% or fractional shortening (FS) <28%. Treatment exposures, demographics and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs: diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking) were abstracted from medical records. Cumulative incidence of CD described the magnitude of risk in the entire cohort and among those who received anthracyclines (±radiation), trastuzumab/pertuzumab (±radiation), and radiation alone (without anthracyclines/trastuzumab/pertuzumab). Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CIs of associations between CD and treatment, adjusting for CVRFs (time varying) and demographics. Longitudinal echocardiographic analyses (adjusted for covariates) estimated trends in cardiac function prior to CD. Results: We evaluated 2,540 echos in 847 BCS exposed to potentially cardiotoxic therapy (median age at BC: 54.4y; median follow-up: 7.6y). Overall, 39% of BCS received anthracyclines, 17% received trastuzumab/pertuzumab, 5% received anthracyclines + trastuzumab/pertuzumab, and 39% received radiation alone. The cumulative incidence of CD in the entire cohort was 12.3% at 2y, increasing to 29.7% by 10y after BC. Multivariable analysis revealed the following to be independently associated with CD: treatment (anthracyclines: HR=2.72, 95%CI=1.9-3.9; trastuzumab/pertuzumab: HR=1.92, 95%CI=1.1-3.2; ref: radiation alone), presence of CVRFs before CD diagnosis (hypertension: HR=1.77, 95%CI=1.3-2.4; obesity: HR=1.82, 95%CI=1.4-2.4; and dyslipidemia: HR=1.63, 95%CI=1.3-2.1). Adjusted longitudinal echo analyses revealed a statistically significant decline in SF over 20y from BC diagnosis (but prior to CD onset) for the entire cohort (p=0.0007), trastuzumab/pertuzumab (p=0.006), anthracyclines (p=0.037), and radiation alone (p=0.01). Conclusions: In this large cohort of BCS followed longitudinally for an extended period, exposure to potentially cardiotoxic therapy results in a substantial burden of CD; the risk increases over time, and with CVRFs. These results provide evidence for close surveillance of BC survivors at increased risk of CD for extended periods, and aggressive management of CVRFs before, during and after BC.


Aiming at the current limitations of the City Emergency Response System(CERS),such as lack of system integration,uncentralized management,lower intelligence technology,and its accessibility to form the information isolated island,the related properties of the CERS's collaborative model are analyzed.Then,it is deemed to its properties,especially its cooperativeness,agree completely with the characteristics of the multi-agent.For this reason,based on the multi-agent technology,the system architecture of distributed CERS in the collaborative mode is proposed;the system is an integration of monitor,early warning,and rescue in CERS,and has more powerful perceptiveness,initiative,and self adaptability.Meanwhile,the structure of multi-agent systems is refined,and its structural model is sequentially established.Thus,on this basis,the course of information processing involving alarm receiving,analysis and judgment,and alarm processing is discussed in details.At the same time,based on the multi-agent system,its members and coordination between them in the system are considered.Finally,by using the blackboard model and contract net model,the coordination mechanism of CERS is studied.In addition,a comprehensive and collaborative operation control scheme on CERS is designed.


This paper presents the new gait implementation of a biped robot with smooth walking using 3-dimensional continuous trunk motion and kick action of ankle joints. Trajectory generation ova trunk is performed not on a unit gait but on a whole walking interval. In applying kick action such as heel-touch or toe-off, varying coordinate system was employed for the simplification of the kinematic analysis. Desired ZMP (zero moment point) is also changed to implement the efficient kick action. As a result, balancing motion of the proposed gait was much more decreased than that of conventional one. Moreover, robot\\`s walking behavior is very smooth, natural and similar to the pace of a human. The walking experiment system is composed of eight AC servo motors and a DSP controller. The walking simulation and the experimental results are shown using the proposed new walking algorithm.


This paper presents a research in progress about a system for multiple person user's behavior analysis and program recommendation for digital TV. Since it uses the spectator cell phone to identify the person, this research proposes an extension of the interactive TV interface to the user's cell phone as well. The research explore two new approaches related to how TV is watched, using a Bluetooth cell phone and a Bluetooth set-top box connected to an digital TV network with return channel. The first approach is related to user's behavior analysis and program recommendation. Supposing that every viewer has Bluetooth cell phone, each cell phone will identify every spectator to the set-top box wirelessly. The set-top box will inform the TV service provider the list of people who are in front of TV in real-time. Based on the history of programs watched by these people, it will be identified their profile and preferences. The second approach is the use of cell phone as a smart remote control and as an extension of the TV. The cell phone connected to the set-top box can be used by the interactive TV programs to show messages to the viewer or execute interactive applications.


Typical optical materials for IR applications such as Ge and ZnSe require unique polishing techniques to meet high end optical specifications. We will present two techniques: OptoTech Reverse Technology and HydroSpeed Polishing. By using these methods, we will show how we can polish a lens with an even pressure distribution giving extremely low deformation of the lens giving much better fitting accuracy of the surface. Contact: Christopher Orsulak, Director of Sales Precision Optics – North America, OptoTech Optical Machinery Inc., PO Box 7, Palm, PA 18070, C: 267-733-2879, email@example.com, www.optotech.net


motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral therapies are consistent with trauma-informed care. The discussion, however, highlights how better understanding the role of trauma in the development and maintenance of harmful behaviors can lead to greater opportunities for building an understanding of how harmful behaviors can be adaptive, and thus examined to identify different coping strategies that lead to healthier outcomes. The second part of the book looks at diverse groups and diverse settings. One of the most important messages from this section is how service practice, disruption in one's life, and historic policies can create a sense of power inequity and distrust that requires looking closely at the specific needs of each group. Looking across a number of populations and settings, the authors highlight questions about services, physical plant, and management practices that are program-centric, disempower patients and families, and in many cases, lead to retraumatization. The final section of the book highlights various efforts to educate and innovate across several systems of care, including community-based agencies, outpatient substance abuse programs, corrections-based settings, supportive housing, and welfare programs. This section tended to have less meat than the two previous sections, but could serve as a stepping-off point for social workers who seek to apply trauma-informed care concepts. Becoming Trauma Informed would serve as a resource for social work students and professionals looking to ground themselves in the impact of trauma and how becoming trauma informed can improve their work in direct practice, management, and program development. The only disappointment is the limited inclusion of content related to men, with only one chapter highlighting trauma-informed work with men. As a result, it misses an opportunity to demythologize the role of trauma in the lives of men who are seen in mental and substance use treatment. Still, the principles outlined in the book should serve to enhance practice outcomes, whether or not there is evidence of trauma.


In the last decade citizen seismology has achieved a number of important goals, combining the interest for citizen science in general but especially in the field of disaster management and preparedness. Numerous initiatives in citizen seismology demonstrate that it is highly valuable for providing data from and to citizens quickly in time-sensitive cases, for providing data in poorly monitored locations, or for providing scientists, authorities and disaster managers with data related to earthquakes and its human elements. One important target group of citizens are represented by students and teachers, the seismology@school concept being already validated globally through the success and impact of several projects and networking activities. The main objectives of the initiatives were to increase the level of knowledge of teachers and pupils on earthquake phenomena, earthquake effects, preparedness measures and also promoting the role of education and schools in disaster risk reduction. At the core of the initiatives are educational seismographs installed in schools, operated by teachers and students, acting as a trigger for the initiation of a full range of in class or out-of-school formal and informal activities. The model was also introduced in Romania in the framework of ROEDUSEIS project (Romanian Educational Seismic Network) and gave project initiators (a research & education partnership) the opportunity to draw a wealth of conclusions and to define the best ways to continue this initiative, as well as to focus on actions that offer sustainability and maximize the impact. A key challenge for this and for any type of citizen science projects is to motivate citizens to participate, motivational techniques have varied widely. For students for example the inclusion of fun games in the application, facilitate the use of research instruments and softwares, giving access to a community of amateur seismologist, etc; for teachers: delivering tools and resources that can be use to inspire students and make them more interested in science topics, foster closer collaboration with formal, nonformal and informal science education providers The study aim to demonstrate that the schools hold a great potential to operate as open science labs for citizen seismology, which will lead the realization of major community initiatives and projects, that demonstrate and build on the essential features of citizen science and public engagement with science.


Abstract The term quality of life (QOL) is used by both scientists and lay persons and is defined in many different ways. One of the major challenges in measuring QOL results from the fact that it is a latent trait not subject to direct observation or countable phenomena. Specific attention to QOL in the stroke survivor has been rare. This paper reviews the literature, identifies some of the issues, and reports a study of QOL in 59 consecutively admitted post-stroke aphasic patients who were treated in a comprehensive rehabilitation medicine programme and followed from three to twelve months post onset. The results suggest that improved QOL in aphasic persons of all types in the first poststroke year relates to the intensity and duration of aphasia rehabilitation services which addresses language, communication strategies, copying skills, and psychosocial issues.


Objective To express hybrid antibacterial peptide CA(1-11) CD(12-37) ME(1-18)(ADM) in Pichia pastoris and determine its antibacterial activity.Methods Hybrid antibacterial peptide ADM gene was synthesized by using P.pastoris-referent codon,and inserted into vector pPIC9K.The constructed recombinant plasmid pPIC9K-ADM was transformed to P.pastoris GS115 by electron transformation,and positive recombinants were screened for expression under induction of methanol.The expressed ADM protein was identified by Tricine-SDS-PAGE and determined for antibacterial activity.Results Both restriction analysis and sequencing proved that recombinant plasmid pPIC9K-ADM was constructed correctly.Target gene fragment was amplified from the positive recombinants.Hybrid antibacterial peptide ADM was expressed in P.pastoris GS115.The expressed product in soluble form contained about 13% of total somatic protein,and showed certain antibacterial activities to E.coli DH5α,E.coli JM109 and S.aureus.Conclusion The hybrid antibacterial peptide with a certain antibacterial activity was expressed in P.pastoris GS115,which laid a foundation of development of relevant new drugs.


The Copper Age cemetery in Varna, Bulgaria, is famous for the earliest known, massive deposition of exquisite golden artefacts. Radiocarbon dating of the Varna i cemetery, excavated in the period 1972–91, places it in the mid-fifth millennium bc and suggests a duration of c 225 years from c 4550 to c 4325 cal bc. Construction work in the adjacent area (2.5 km to the east of Varna i cemetery) in December 2017 led to the discovery of sixteen new graves, whose characteristics are identical to the burials in the cemetery investigated in the last century. This article discusses the AMS dates of ten newly discovered inhumations. The results match well the existing cemetery chronology, showing that the new graves start slightly later and end earlier than Varna i and have a shorter duration of probably no more than a few decades. It is demonstrated for the first time that some areas of burial on the terrace were in continuous use for one or two generations only, suggesting multi-focal depositional activities as opposed to expedient and opportunistic spatial utilisation.


The clinical course of 55 back-transported (BT) infants was compared with that of 49 infants who remained at a regional peri natal center for convalescent care (NT). Although the mean birth-weight and mean gestational age of the BT infants was significantly less than that of NT infants (BT = 1614±522 gms and 32±2.7 wks, NT = 1902±626 and 33.1±2.5; p <0.05), the two groups did not differ in the incidence of respiratory disease, infectious complications, hyperbilirubinemia, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, or days of assisted ventilation. The mean daily weight gain of the BT infants was significantly greater than that of the NT infants (BT=26±11 gms, NT=16.6±12, p<.001). Four BT infants were retransferred to NICUs prior to discharge. The BT infants exhibited a significantly greater number (p<.05) of new cardiovascular problems after transport. Following transfer, the BT infants did not demonstrate increased oxygen needs or increased incidence of feeding intolerance (emesis, abdominal distention, gastric residuals). No change in the frequency or nature of episodes of apnea and bradycardia occurred among the BT group. A comparison of the incidence of new respiratory, GI, metabolic, neurologic, infectious, and miscellaneous problems revealed no statistical difference between the two groups. We concluded that, when practiced within our regional perinatal system, back transport was safe.


Vector beams (VBs) have spatially inhomogeneous polarization states distribution and have been widely used in many fields. In this paper, we proposed a method to modulate polarization states of higher-order Poincaré (HOP) beams and designed a system based on Mach-Zehnder interferometers, in which polarization state (include azimuth and ellipticity) of generated HOP beams were modulated by linear electro-optic (EO) effect of nonlinear optical crystals. Using this method, the polarization state of generated HOP beams could be controlled by voltage signal applied on EO crystals, which makes the process of the polarization state change with no optical element moving and mechanical vibrations. Besides, due to the flexibility of the voltage signal, the polarization state could be switched directly and immediately.


A 140-GHz substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) fed slot antenna array using a large and simplified dielectric loading in low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) is presented. To reduce the fabrication complexity, cost, and tolerance requirements as well as to ease LTCC fabrication limits, the dielectric loading of the array is simplified by using a large via-fenced structure and large slots but maintain acceptable performance. The proposed antenna array with a transition achieves a measured boresight gain of 16.2 dBi at 140 GHz and above 14.1 dBi over the band of 130-152 GHz.


Glutamic acid is the most abundant free amino acid, with a concentration of about 500–900 μmol/l. Glutamic acid, relative to other pure amino acids, is produced in the largest quantities around the world. The nonessential amino acid glutamic acid has recently been the focus of extensive scientific interest because of its importance in inducing immune response and improving memory power. Glutamine has a major impact on the functionality of the immune system. Usually glutamic acid is produced by microbial fermentation and chemical methods. The glutamic acid can be extracted from fish because fish protein contains high concentration of glutamic acid when compared to other amino acids. Hence we extracted the amino acid from fish waste collected from fish market. The proteins from fish waste are hydrolyzed enzymaticaly by neutrase and alcalase for 48 hours to extract the amino acids. Then the glutamic acid is confirmed by thin layer chromatography and eluted by ion exchange chromatography using synthetic anion exchanger resin. The amount of glutamic acid is estimated by copper titration method.


Using 5 samples of well‐purified Na‐gellans (Na‐gellans G1–G5, weight‐average molar mass Mw = 120 × 103−32 × 103 at 40°C), the effects of molar mass on the coil‐to‐double‐helix transition in aqueous solutions with 25 mM NaCl were studied by light scattering and circular dichroism (CD) measurements, viscometry, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). From the temperature dependence of Mw, molar ellipticity at 201nm [θ]201, intrinsic viscosity [η], and DSC exothermic curves, it was found that the coil‐to‐double‐helix transitions for G1–G5 samples took place at almost the same temperature. The [η] and Mw obtained in the temperature range from 40 to 25°C can be explained by a simple coil/double‐helix equilibrium model using the double‐helix contents determined from CD data. The van't Hoff's transition enthalpy ΔHvH of Na‐gellans depended on Mw. It is concluded that the coil‐to‐double‐helix transitions of Na‐gellans are all‐or‐none type transitions, and are accelerated with increasing Mw. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 207–217, 2005


This paper introduces the results of national cultural dimensions of potential Lithuanian managers, according to Hofstedes indices. It will be seen that Lithuanians scored high on Masculinity, and ave rage on Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism and Power Distance, relative to all other countries in the database. These results are discussed in terms of their likely influence on management and mar keting in Lithuania.


We propose a new design paradigm of static low concentration photovoltaics for III-V or silicon solar cells. Although static/non-tracking low concentrator optics has been studied extensively, most of these designs are either difficult to implement or low optical efficiency. In this work, we present a design that uses lens array that mixes two different optics, giving more degrees of freedom to optimize the optics and the size of solar cells. This design approach brings the optical efficiency closer to the theoretical upper limit while maintaining manufacturability and scalability. Although the design example presented in this work is aimed to mount on sloped surface, this can be also applied to the building integrated photovoltaics or on car-roof.


Most tropical rainforest tree species depends on forest gaps for their successful regeneration. Evaluation on the gap or canopy openness provides an indicator on the forest development stages. This paper reported on the canopy openness (CO) of three study plots at (1-, 9-, 18-year old) rehabilitated forest sites and one study plot at natural regenerating secondary forest (± 22-year old) in UPM-Mitsubishi Corporation Forest Rehabilitation Project, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus (UPMKB). Plot of 20 x 20 m was established where dendrometric parameters were collected while Delta-T Device HemiView system was used to take the hemispherical photograph and field observation information were used to assess the CO. Qualitative analysis of the photographs suggested there were three stages of forest growth namely gap, building and mature stand development phases. These also helped the interpretation of the quantitative analysis in relation to forest dynamics. Hemispherical photographs were used for quantitative analysis of the CO. CO showed statistical significant differences among study plots which recorded a range of 3-78%. Rapid analysis of CO on the hemispherical photographs with information from the dendrometric measurement had assisted in assessing the forest stand development. The canopy openness was dependent on the age of the rehabilitated forest. Overall, the study plots were in the different stages of stand development.


Extensive efforts have been made to improve the Li‐ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes (SE) for developing promising all‐solid‐state Li‐based batteries (ASSB). Recent studies suggest that minimizing the existing interface problems is even more important than maximizing the conductivity of SE. Interfaces are essential in ASSB, and their properties significantly influence the battery performance. Interface problems, arising from both physical and (electro)chemical material properties, can significantly inhibit the transport of electrons and Li‐ions in ASSB. Consequently, interface problems may result in interlayer formation, high impedances, immobilization of moveable Li‐ions, loss of active host sites available to accommodate Li‐ions, and Li‐dendrite formation, all causing significant storage capacity losses and ultimately battery failures. The characteristic differences of interfaces between liquid‐ and solid‐type Li‐based batteries are presented here. Interface types, interlayer origin, physical and chemical structures, properties, time evolution, complex interrelations between various factors, and promising interfacial tailoring approaches are reviewed. Furthermore, recent advances in the interface‐sensitive or depth‐resolved analytical tools that can provide mechanistic insights into the interlayer formation and strategies to tailor the interlayer formation, composition, and properties are discussed.


organs to capacity, an red cells), o resistance, s decrease ab Weathers, 1977; Wells and Weber, 1991; Gallaugher et al. 1992). Hct in fish may vary widely, changing in response to ambient hypoxia (Hughes et al. 1986; Soivo et al. 1974), stress and exercise (Wells and Weber, 1991), amongst other things (Weber, 1982). These variations may be mediated by catecholamines, which may mobilize red cells from the spleen (Gallaugher et al. 1992) or induce red cell swelling as a result of fluid shifts into the intracellular compartment. Catecholamine-induced swelling occurs through activation of a sodium/proton exchange pump, which decreases plasma pH and increases intracellular pH, thus raising blood O2-affinity via the Bohr effect (Nikinmaa, 1992). Blood is a non-Newtonian fluid, its viscosity (h) increasing with decreasing shear rate (see Figs 1 and 2) owing to the lity of th ells (Chi depende decreasi 70, 1975 ndence the resistance ratio between postcapillary and precapillary segments (Chien, 1969). The relationships between viscosity, shear rate, oxygenation state, swelling and stress hormones in fish red cells are still not clearly understood, and investigations on the rheological properties of fish blood have primarily focused separately on the effects of O2 tension and hormones. The present paper reports the combined effects of adrenaline and cortisol and of oxygenation state on trout blood viscosity.


In response to voting security concerns, security researchers have developed tamper-resistant, voter verifiable voting methods. These end-to-end voting systems are unique because they give voters the option to both verify the system is working properly and to check that their votes have been recorded after leaving the polling place. While these methods solve many of the security problems surrounding voting with traditional methods, the systems' added complexity might adversely impact their usability. This paper presents an experiment assessing the usability of Helios, Prêt à Voter, and Scantegrity II. Overall, the tested systems were exceptionally difficult to use. Data revealed that success rates of voters casting ballots on these systems were extraordinarily low. Specifically, only 58% of ballots were successfully cast across all three systems. There were reliable differences in voting completion times across the three methods, and these times were much slower than previously tested voting technologies. Subjective usability ratings differed across the systems, with satisfaction being generally low, but highest for Helios. Vote verification completion rates were even lower than those for vote casting. There were no reliable differences in ballot verification times across the three methods, but there were differences in satisfaction levels, with satisfaction being lowest for Helios. These usability findings— especially the extremely low vote casting completion rates—highlight that it is not enough for a system to be secure; every system must also be usable. INTRODUCTION For centuries there has been a desire for auditability in elections. In mid-19 century America, groups of voters stood in public venues and called out their ballot choices to the election clerks, while a judge tallied the votes (Jones, 2001). The advantage of this voting method was that anyone could listen to the vocal expression of preferences and keep their own vote count, which prevented practices like ballot box stuffing. While this oral voting method may have increased the accuracy of vote counting, voters' desire for privacy was not addressed, enabling bribery and coercion. In response, during the late 1800s, voting jurisdictions began to introduce the use of the secret, Australian ballots that listed all the candidates for the same office on the same sheet of paper (which was issued to voters at the polling station) and guaranteed voters privacy in preparing ballots inside a booth (Brent, 2006). This voting system ensured that voters prepared their own ballot expressing their intent while preserving anonymity. Yet this voting method was not perfect; there was not a means to audit the election—leaving a long-standing tension between auditability and privacy in elections.


Experimental researches, which were carried out in 2009-2012 years on light – chestnut soils in central part of Kalmykia were presented. The data in effectivity of irrigation regime and dozes of fertilirers, supplying different level of productivity of divisible into disrects sorts Sudanese grass and sorghum – Sudanese (Sorghum sudanensis (lat.)) hybridare brought agroeconomic expediency of application of water – preserving, varied (differentiative) regime of watering with applying nitrogen – phosphorus fertilirers is established.


Caring for a family member with a severe mental or physical disability involves significant costs, regardless of when that family member became disabled. Recognizing these costs, most states have imposed a duty on noncustodial parents to provide child support even after his or her child reaches the age of majority if that child suffers from a severe disability. In general, however, the governing postmajority child support for children with disabilities only imposes such a duty if the child's condition arose to the level of a diagnosable disability prior to that child reaching the age of majority, irrespective of whether that child remained dependent on his or her custodial parent after reaching the age of majority. This Note advocates that states adopt legislation that entitles disabled children and their custodial parents to seek court-ordered child support: (1) if that child has insufficient resources to support herself independently because of her disability and (2) that child became disabled prior to reaching the age of majority or remained unemancipated when she became disabled despite having reached the age of majority.

Keypoints

Postmajority child support aids substantially in reducing the financial burden on custodial parents who continue to care for their children who suffer from disabilities after their children have reached the age of majority.
Despite the uniformity in costs of caring for a child who suffers from a disability, the availability of postmajority child support varies widely among states.
A model is proposed to create much-needed clarity and uniformity within the area of postmajority child support for children who suffer from disabilities.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitude and experience teachers have with digital learning materials. More specifically it seeks to find out to what extent the teachers use the dig ...


ABSTRACT Oxidation of sulfides with Caro's acid supported on silica gel in acetonitrile gave sulfones in high to excellent yields under mild condition.


Abstract . Positive feedback is one of the core strategies used to make educational environment and students' learning outcomes better. This review aims at revealing the role of positive feedback in improving students' psychological and physical learning outcomes. Meanwhile, it questions the efficiency of combining positive and negative feedbacks in order to provide better educational experience for students. The findings of the analysis reveal that there is positive relationship between positive feedback and students' physical and psychological learning outcomes. More specifically, positive feedback is advantageous in increasing students' motivation, confidence, self-efficacy and academic skills. Furthermore, the study also confirms the benefits of combining positive and negative feedbacks in order to improve students' learning outcomes and advance their academic skills.


The aim of this study was to investigate effects of Spirulina phycocyanin on the total  blood cell count,phagocytic activity, and growth of humpback grouper fish, Cromileptes altivelis juvenil.  Fishes were fedwith a diet containing 0, 150, 250, 350 dan 450 mg  phycocyanin per kg diet for four weeks and eachtreatment was triplicates.  Initial body weight  of  grouper was  8.46 ± 0.22 g with a density of 10 fish per56 litre volume. The total count of  erythrocytes and leucocytes increased until the fourth week of rearingperiod. The highest of total erythrocyte and leucocytes were observed in fish treated with 150 mg phycocyaninper kg diet ( 13.17 x  105 cells/mm3 and 8.93 x 105 cells/mm3 respectively) which were not significantlydifferent (P>0.05) to those treated with 250 mg phycocyanin per kg diet. The total leucocytes and phagocyticactivity of fish fed diet containing  250 mg phycocyanin  per kg diet (8.49 x 105 cells/mm3 and 59.67%respectively) were significantly higher  (P <0.05) to those of control group. The highest of final weight(Wt=14.32 g) and weight growth (G=5.89g) and lowest of feed conversion ratio (FCR=1.13) were obtainedin fish treated with  250 mg phycocyanin per kg diet which were  significantly  higher  (P <0.05) than thosefed control diet. The data showed that  the addition of  phycocyanin 250 mg/kg diet enhances the totalleukocyte count, phagocytic activity and the growth of humpback grouper juvenil.


Volume 1 | Issue 2 Folic Acid Supplementation Reduced Depression Score in Young Japanese Women with Depression-susceptible Genetic Polymorphisms Hiraoka M1, Fukushima A1, Sakuma K1, Motoi H2, Shirai H2, Saitou Y2, Jinnouchi Y1, Noguchi R1 and Kagawa Y*1 1Faculty of Nutrition and Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University 2R&D Promotion Department, Research and Development, Quality Assurance Division, Nisshin Seifun Group, Inc *Corresponding author: Kagawa Y, Faculty of Nutrition and Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University, Tel and Fax: +81-49-282-3618, E-mail: email@example.com Research Article Open Access


In 2020, "Overall Scheme of Hainan Free Trade Port Construction" emphasized that Hainan should focus on developing modern service industry represented by medical and educational fields. In this context, the public health law education in Hainan, as a representative course integrating the dual characteristics of 'medical' and 'education', should also keep pace with the times to better meet the practical needs of the construction of Hainan free trade port. Through the extensive and in-depth investigation of five hospitals, two courts and five universities randomly selected in Hainan Province, and the analysis of 815 effective questionnaires collected by SPSS statistical method to form a survey database, the key and difficult points that need to be broken through in the innovation of Public Health Law education under the background of the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port are systematically summarized, and the scientific structure of strategic discipline orientation to improve the attention of Health Law, the adoption of immersion-type Health Law teaching methods.


The utility model relates to an antibacterial masterbatch for plastic woven fabric production, which comprises a masterbatch body, an outer wear-resistant layer is arranged on the outmost layer of the masterbatch body, an antibacterial layer is coated between the masterbatch body and the outer wear-resistant layer, and a reinforcing layer can be added on the outer layer of the masterbatch body, the outer layer of the antibacterial layer or the outer side of the outer wear-resistant layer. The antibacterial masterbatch has the advantages that: an antibacterial plastic woven fabric which is made of the antibacterial masterbatch in cooperation with polyethylene as main material added with anti-aging chemical additive, anti-ultraviolet chemical additive and the like by drawing has the advantages of high tensile strength, aging resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, the operation of the process is simple, and the antibacterial masterbatch is highly suitable for industrialized production; if the antibacterial masterbatch is correctly used and kept, the service life of the product can reach more than three years; and in addition, the antibacterial masterbatch is low in processing cost, is easy to process, and can be widely applied in industrial and agricultural production.


Background: Patients with hematologic conditions have a high mortality rate when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Williamson, Nature 2020). Protection of this group from severe COVID-19 is therefore important. However, according to available vaccination guidelines, one should consider to postpone vaccination of patients on or early after chemotherapy, hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (HCT) or with graft versus host disease, because of anticipated poor efficacy. Based on previous (non-COVID-19) vaccination studies among hematology patients, we hypothesized that a significant group of patients may acquire sufficient protection following COVID-19 vaccination, despite disease and therapy related immunodeficiencies.

 Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study with 17 cohorts of hematology patients of particular risk for severe COVID-19 who are considered to have no or limited benefit from vaccination. We evaluated humoral immune responses following 2 doses (28 days apart) of the mRNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna/Spikevax) in 722 patients, at baseline and 28 days after each vaccination as SARS-COV-2 S1- (spike)-specific serum IgG antibody concentrations by bead-based multiplex immune assay. The threshold for adequate antibody response is set at ≥300 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml according to the international WHO standard, and is associated with virus plaque reducing neutralization test titers of ≥40 PRNT 50. This study is registered as EudraCT 2021-001072-41, NL76768.029.21.

 Results: Patient cohorts and corresponding vaccine responses are depicted in Table 1. Vaccine efficacy, as measured by antibody concentration, 4 weeks after the 2 nd mRNA-1273 vaccination was available for 691 out of 722 participants. The majority of patients (389/691; 56%) obtained an S1 antibody titer that is considered adequate (≥300 BAU/ml). Twenty-nine percent of patients (198/691) did not seroconvert (S1 antibody titer <10 BAU/ml), while the remaining 15% (104/691) did seroconvert but not to sufficient levels (10-300 BAU/ml). Adequate responses were observed in the majority of patients with sickle cell disease using hydroxyurea, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) on or early after high dose chemotherapy, patients with myeloproliferative disorders on ruxolitinib, patients with multiple myeloma (MM), including those on daratumumab and those early after high-dose melphalan and autologous HCT, patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and patients with chronic GvHD. Insufficient or absent antibody responses were observed in the majority of AML patients receiving hypomethylating agents, CLL patients on ibrutinib, patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) during or shortly after rituximab-chemotherapy or following BEAM chemotherapy and autologous HCT, allogeneic HCT recipients <6 months after transplantation, and CAR-T cell therapy recipients. However, even in these low-responder groups considerable numbers of patients did mount sufficient antibody titers. In others, titers increased after each of both vaccinations, suggesting that booster vaccination may enhance antibody titers to sufficient levels (Figure 1).

 Conclusion: Vaccination with mRNA-1273 had significant efficacy in severely immunocompromised hematology patients. Adequate humoral immune responses after two dose vaccination were reached in the majority of patients receiving therapy for sickle cell disease, MPD, MM, CML and AML, in patients early after HCT and in patients with GvHD. We are currently evaluating clinical and immunologic parameters that correlate with sufficient antibody responses, pseudovirus neutralization and SARS-COV-2-specific B and T cell numbers, phenotype and function. Per study design, all participants with absent or insufficient antibody responses (<300 BAU/ml) will receive a booster vaccination 5 months after initial vaccination, and antibody responses to booster vaccinations will be presented as well. Unlike currently available guidelines, COVID-19 vaccination should not be postponed. Moreover, as antibody titers increased after each of both vaccinations, booster vaccination of patients with absent or insufficient antibody responses seems warranted.

 Figure 1

 Disclosures

 Mutsaers:
 AstraZeneca: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy. Van Meerten:
 Janssen: Consultancy; Kite, a Gilead Company: Honoraria. Kater:
 BMS, Roche/Genentech: Other: Ad Board, , Research Funding; Janssen, AstraZeneca: Other: Ad Board, steering committee, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Other: Ad Board, Research Funding; Genmab, LAVA: Other: Ad Board, Steering Committee. Zweegman:
 Oncopeptides: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Nijhof:
 Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene/Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.


At present, the ship detection of optical remote sensing images based on deep learning has made great progress. However, due to the different use scenarios and specific tasks, how to select an appropriate algorithm according to the characteristics of the target and the target priority, so that achieve the detection goal while consider the detection accuracy and speed, still requires relevant research. In this paper, ship detection methods for optical remote sensing images are studied based on deep learning. First, to meet the needs of ship detection research, according to the characteristics of target size and type, datasets of medium and large ships and small target ships are made, and model training and testing are conducted based on Faster R-CNN, YOLOv4, and SSD algorithms respectively. The actual detection performance of the three algorithms under different ship sizes is obtained. The results show that for medium and large targets, Faster R-CNN has the highest precision, the next is YOLOv4, and SSD is the lowest. The detection speed is that SSD is the fastest, the next is YOLOv4, Faster R-CNN is the slowest. For small target ship detection, YOLOv4 has the best detection accuracy and SSD has the fastest detection speed. Faster R-CNN is not as accurate and fast as the other two algorithms. In addition, for different type ships, the detection results of different algorithms also have some differences. In practical applications, different methods should be used to achieve detection by comprehensively considering such factors as target size, target priority, detection accuracy and speed requirements.


SiC detectors based on Schottky barrier junction with depletion layer of about 60 μm can be employed to monitor the radiations emitted from laser-generated plasmas. On the base of the detector geometry UV and X-rays, ions and electrons can be detected with high efficiency at energies of the order of 10 keV, 1-100 MeV and 100 keV respectively. Detector response is proportional to the energy deposited in the depletion layer with an energy resolution comparable with the traditional Silicon detectors. The use of time-of-flight (TOF) techniques permits to measure the velocity of electrons and ions also in condition of low detection efficiency. Such detectors can be employed with success for fast plasma diagnostics detecting photons, electrons and ions. Measurements of SiC characterization, by using calibrated X-rays, electrons and ion sources and laser-generated plasmas, at intensity raging between 1010 Wcm−2 and 1016 Wcm−2, will be presented and discussed.


The Smoluchowski coagulation-diffusion PDE is a system of partial differential equations modelling the evolution in time of mass-bearing Brownian particles which are subject to short-range pairwise coagulation. This survey presents a fairly detailed exposition of the kinetic limit derivation of the Smoluchowski PDE from a microscopic model of many coagulating Brownian particles that was undertaken in [11]. It presents heuristic explanations of the form of the main theorem before discussing the proof, and presents key estimates in that proof using a novel probabilistic technique. The survey's principal aim is an exposition of this kinetic limit derivation, but it also contains an overview of several topics which either motivate or are motivated by this derivation.


Objective To investigate the different of dry eye after sub-Bowman keratomile-usis(SBK) and laser in situ Keratomileusis(LASIK) for myopia.Methods Nine hundreds and seventy-six patients(976eyes) with myopia were enrolled and divided into two groups,560 patients(eyes) received SBK,and 416 patients(eyes) performed LASIK.The naked vision,refraction,fl-uorescein staining(FS),tear break-up times(BUT),SchirmerⅠtest(SIt) values and subjective sym-ptoms of dry eye were recorded in the first week,the first month and the third month after surg-ery were compared and analyzed.Results At 1st week,1st month,3rd months after surgery,the difference of naked visual acuity and diploma were not statistically significant between two groups(P=0.513,P=0.436).At 1st month,3rd months after surgery,FS in SBK group was better than that in LASIK group,the difference was statistically significant(P=0.039,0.012).At 1st week,1st month after surgery,BUT in SBK group was better than that in LASIK group,the difference was statistically significant(P=0.016,0.042).Not only preoperative and after operation but also between two groups,the difference of SIt were not statistically significant always(P0.05).To compare the subjective symptoms of dry eye,foreign body feeling and asthenopia in SBK groupwas better than that in LASIK group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05) at 1st month,3rd months after surgery.At anytime poin ts after operation,dryness of eye were not atistically significant between two groups(P0.05).Conclusions SBK is a safety and efficacy treatment In all surgeries for myopia.It has a faster recovery of dry eye than LASIK.


A total of 120 medical students were surveyed to investigate the current status of communication between medical students and old patients and the awareness of medical laws. The questionnaire shows many students don't have enough knowledge of communication skills and medical laws. Furthermore, the most important reason of the medical disputes is the lack of communication between doctors and patients so the cultivation of communication skills and legal knowledge should be strengthened.

Key words:
Doctor-patient communication;  Medical laws;  Old patients


The Potoos (Nyctibius) have been studied by various authors, among them Coeldy (1896), Haverschmidt (1948, 1958), Borrero (1970), and Skutch (1970). The information presented in this study is based on both day and night observations of two captive and five free-ranging N. griseus (Common Potoo), one N. aethereus (Long-tailed Potoo), and various N. grandis (Great Potoo). Skutch (1970), who has presented the most complete study of Nyctibius griseus, described how, on becoming aware of an observer, the bird slowly lifts its head to a vertical position and simultaneously almost closes its eyes. Only a slight aperture, opened from time to time, is apparent. Haverschmidt (1958) described this same behavior for N. griseus from eastern South America. Recently, I confirmed that this behavior pattern takes 17-23 sec. I observed the same behavior in N. grandis, near Villavicencio in eastern Colombia, and in N. aethereus, in the tropical forest near Buenaventura on the Pacific coast of Colombia. Possibly it is common behavior for all the Nyctibiidae. During the day, when N. griseus is studied by an observer from a great distance with the aid of a telescope, it can be seen that the head is held in a horizontal position with the eyes usually closed. Occasionally the eyes open, possibly due to some disturbance. When open, the eyes of this bird appear black with yellow borders, or yellow with large or small black central points. This difference in appearance is caused, of course, by the voluntary dilation or contraction of the pupil as it regulates not only the amount of light entering the eye but also the depth of focus. This would be especially important in nocturnal birds if, as Pumphrey (1961) stated, their focal length is fixed. If a flashlight is shined on the eye from close range, the pupil is opened intermittently during a period of from a few seconds to a minute. Close range observations of captive N. griseus disclose an unusual structure in the upper eyelid (fig. 1). This morphological peculiarity, which apparently has not been described previously, consists of two notches on the edge of the upper eyelid, located toward the commissures. The notches result in two small openings or fissures when the eyelids appear to be completely closed. According to Richard Zusi (pers. comm.), there are three notches in some specimens of N. grandis in the collection of the United States National Museum. Olivares (pers. comm.) found these notches in three females of N. griseus but not in N. grandis in the collection of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Co .. .:. ..... ....


The invention relates to a method for operating a refrigeration circuit (1) of an internal combustion engine, wherein the coolant circuit (1) comprises at least one main coolant pump (7) and at least one block cooling circuit (3) and at least one EGR cooler (14), wherein the EGR cooler (14) with a Warmtauscherkreislauf (17) is in communication. The method comprises at least the steps of: Determining that the block cooling circuit (3) in the no-flow status is to be operated, determining that recirculated exhaust gases require refrigeration, despite the no-flow status of the block cooling circuit (3) Driving an auxiliary coolant pump (20) so that coolant, the coolant pump (7) upstream immediately of this via a bypass (12) of the block coolant circuit (3) and via a connecting line (23) for EGR cooler is passed.


This effort is an attempt to provide some insight into the future degree, possible plausible consequences, and challenges that may arise. The Internet of Things and how it may impact the life of the general public sooner rather than later in relation to the creation of smart urban areas in India are important questions to consider. The Internet of Things (IoT) can be defined as a network of physical or virtual articles or things that have been implanted with hardware, sensors, and programming projects that have scheduled availability, enabling these items to gather and exchange information, thereby providing availability to anything and everyone at any time, from any location, at any time. Articles may be recognized and controlled remotely using the Internet of Things (IoT), which makes use of an existing system foundation. The Internet of Things allows items to be detected and controlled remotely over an existing web-based network infrastructure, opening the door to more straightforward coordination between the genuine physical world and computer-based virtual environments, and resulting in increased productivity, accuracy, and financial advantage for businesses. Everyone and everything would be able to communicate with one another via the use of an implanted figuring structure that exists inside the Internet foundation, which would enable them to be easily distinguished. As a consequence of the growth of the 100 Smart urban community's effort in India, the Internet of Things as a concept seems to be incredibly promising. The Internet of Things (IoT) has a particularly promising future in India, thanks to the government's emphasis on, support of, and experimentation with efforts to develop a better framework. Even businesses are developing innovative products, and businesses are aware of the advantages that the Internet of Things brings to the table, which is why they are embracing it. In the event that research and assets are further developed, the Internet of Things might become significant on a global basis. If such a development becomes a reality, it is possible that the aspirations for IoT use in India would be realised as predicted, all things considered.


In this paper, a novel 3D vertebral body (VB) segmentation method in computed tomography (CT) images is presented. The proposed approach depends on both intensity and shape information. The intensity information is managed by embedding an edge-mounted Willmore energy into the level set segmentation framework. Shape information is obtained from a set of training shapes. Shape variations are estimated using a probabilistic model which approximates the marginal densities of the vertebral body and its background in the variability region using a Poisson distribution. The proposed methods are validated with 40 clinical CT images as well as on a phantom with various Gaussian noise levels. The experimental results show that the segmentation accuracy of our framework is much higher than other alternatives. Applications on BMD measurements of vertebral body are given to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed segmentation approach.


The variety test at Prechel Farms in 1988 (Table 3) is noticeably inconsistent with the results of other variety tests in Pinal county. The long season, indeterminate -type cotton varieties showed lower yields than the shorter season, more determinate -type varieties. That was clearly a result of the late planting date (5 May). The test was originally planted on 14 April; however, poor weather conditions required a replanting on 5 May. DES 119 is intermediate to long and short season varieties. It is generally considered to be more of a short season type and this would explain it's high position in the Benedict test, and top position in the Prechel test.


This short piece advances the argument that letter of credit issuers that require beneficiaries to present the original letter in order to trigger the issuer's obligation to pay have good reason for that condition and that court-fashioned substitutes are insufficient. An edited version of the paper was published at 19 DCInsight 18 (January-March 2013).


This introductory article is aimed at promoting transformative scholarship and research that emphasize the centrality of gender in studying social change associated with the process of globalization locally, nationally and regionally. Six major interrelated themes of this special issue are identified. These themes all emphasize globalization as a gendered phenomenon, studying how gender is embodied in the logic of globalization and embedded in its process and structure. The themes examine how globalization shapes gendered institutions; how it constructs gender differentially in women's and men's access to and control of resources, values, identities, choices, role behaviors, and gender power relations; and how it affects the societies and cultures in which women and men live. The themes also address the dialectics of globalization as results of conflicting interaction between global and local political economies and socio-cultural conditions, yielding mixed outcomes for women and men. Throughout, the emphasis is on the development of strategy for effective social change.


We further study the keyless authentication problem in a noisy model in our previous work, where no secret setup is available for sender Alice and receiver Bob while there is discrete memoryless channel (DMC) W1 from Alice to Bob and a two-way noiseless but insecure channel between them. We propose a construction such that the message length over DMC W1 does not depend on the size of the source space. If the source space is S and the number of channel W1 uses is n, then our protocol only has a round complexity of log* |S| - log* n + 4. In addition, we show that the round complexity of any secure protocol in our model is lower bounded by log* |S| - log* n - 5. We also obtain a lower bound on the success probability when the message size on DMC W1 is given. Finally, we derive the capacity for a noninteractive authentication protocol under general DMCs, which extends the result under Binary Symmetric Channels in our previous work.


The development of expert Systems to support to different areas in the medical field has important implications; it is possible to emphasize the possibility of having timely and effective treatments. Early detection of an anomaly and an effective control of this can prevent the progression of a disease. In this work, shows the progress in the design and implementation of an expert system for ophthalmologic diagnoses supported in elements of fuzzy logic to assist in the evaluation of symptoms related to the sense of vision.


The research yielded the following conclusions and results: preferential flow can be expected in recently deposited, loosely packed, wettable dune sands; preferential flow is common in most water-repellent sandy soils; distribution flow in topsoils isa process of major importance, resulting in a spatially heterogeneous distribution of water and solutes in soils; with the potential water repellency parameter soils can be compared with respect to their sensitivity to water repellency; a two-dimensionalwater flow model, including hysteresis, has been developed, which is able to simulate finger growth and persistence.


The territorial expansion of wine regions in geographical areas beyond the traditional
European arc and the increase in wine consumption rates in developing countries have
led to an increase in world wine production and consequently to an increase in the volume
of waste from the winemaking process. Although wineries are not considered to be the
most crucial secondary sector of industrial pollution, especially in areas where vines are
grown and wine is produced, where the concentration of wineries is high, nonenforcement and inadequate wastewater treatment may adversely effects on the
environment. Waste occurs at all stages of the winemaking process, with the most critical
stage being the one where the largest quantities are produced with the highest
concentration of organic compounds as well as the harvest period. The liquid waste of
wineries consists mostly of water and more specifically about 78% is water, while the
remaining 22% includes organic acids, sugars, alcohols and high molecular weight
polyphenols.
Survey data regarding the quantities of waste produced vary considerably and range from
1-7 liters of liquid waste for each liter of wine produced. At the same time, important
information is that 25-80% of the quantities of liquid waste are produced during the
harvest. The effects of the reckless dumping of wine waste on the environment have a
number of adverse effects. These effects led to the urgent need to enact legislation such
as the KDP law. 38/2007 on the protection of water against pollution. In order to be able
to reduce and control the reckless disposal of waste from wineries, there are techniques
available for their treatment in order to reuse them. One of the most common of these is
their reuse as a means of irrigation in the vineyard.


Objective To investigate nurses's opinions of quality control,in order to adjust nursing management model ane establish practicable and effective measures of quality control,strengthen nurses's quality control consciousness and motivate their initiatives or participation.Method A questionnaire survey was conducted among 83 nursing staff.Results The result showed that the current nursing management model in our hospital suited the organizational system of modern nursing management.The quality control could reflect the actual status of nursing work and the principles of openness,justice and equity.Conclusion Based on the investigation,the nursing department has comperehensively gathered various viewpoints and attitudes form nursing staff,which can provide basis for the adjustment of quality control measures.


Asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) is compatible with optical intensity modulation and is well suited to bandlimited optical wireless channels. By carefully locating data on odd subcarriers and clipping the resulting time signal, ACO-OFDM guarantees non-negative output amplitudes and clipping noise orthogonal to the information. However, in the conventional receiver, clipping noise is ignored in detection and data are extracted from odd subcarriers only. In this paper, a new receiver design for ACO-OFDM is proposed which exploits the structure of the clipping noise to improve the optical power efficiency. By observing the anti-symmetry of time domain samples, a simple pairwise maximum likelihood detector is developed and is used to fix half of the received samples to zero. Simulation results show that employing the proposed detector design leads to 1.3 dB optical gain at a BER of 10−5.


Abstract : The report deals with experiments aimed at a critical evaluation of electrical conductivity measurements on semiconducting and semi-insulating materials above 1500C. An initial study was made of the differential thermionic emission between two Pt-electrodes as a function of applied voltage, temperature and gas environment ('Double-diode'). Subsequent experiments on alumina and sapphire used a novel geometry, eliminating surface and gas conduction. Current densities in the range 1400-1650C appeared to be of the same order of magnitude as those observed between two Pt-electrodes in vacuum. The suggestion is made that the current through the oxide is determined by the difference between the thermionic emissions from the electrodes into the sample under small applied voltage. (Author)


A true triaxial testing apparatus with rigid compound and sophisticated loading system was applied to carry out series of tests to study the stress-induced anisotropy of sand under three dimensional stress states. The additional loads were applied from σ1, σ2, and σ3 direction based on initial three dimensional complex stress states. The different stress and strain relationships in different directions were investigated. Stress-strain matrix was studied by analyzing the measured stress and strain in different principal directions. It was found that there is remarkable anisotropic stress and strain behavior in different principal directions which is much different from traditional triaxial testing results.


The instabilities produced by a linear model of the tropical atmosphere coupled to a prognostic equation for water vapour are investigated. For parameter regimes relevant to the Indo-Pacific warm pool, the long-time asymptotic behaviour of the unstable waves is found to be absolutely unstable, so that the amplitude of disturbances will grow in time at every point in the domain. Other limits of the system do not produce this same behaviour at these length and time scales. It is shown that the resultant long-time behaviour of the instability is characterized by roughly equal roles for temperature and moisture fluctuations in setting the thermodynamic tendency of the waves. Under the assumption of a zonally varying flow, it is shown analytically that localized regions of instability may be formed, again using parameter choices relevant to the warm pool. The dynamics and thermodynamics of these local instabilities show some correspondence with the observed development of the Madden-Julian Oscillation as it propagates through the warm pool. (Submitted to the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society)


OBJECTIVE To understand the separation rate and area distribution and drug resistance changing of Acinetobacter baumani in in clinics,so as to provide the basis for clinical rational drug use.METHODS A total of 2412strains of A.baumani from inpatients clinical samples during 2008to 2012were collected,to understand the distribution and drug resistance of it.The susceptibility test was performed by K-B method.The interpretation of the results was based on the CLSI 2010.WHONET 5.4and EXCEL software were used for bacterial distribution and drug resistance analysis.RESULTS Among 2412strains of A.baumannii,81.50% were from sputum specimens,77.10%specimens from patients in ICU ward.Separation rate in 2008was 5.13%and increased by 9.91% in 2012,which was on the rise.The resistance rate of A.baumani to aztreonam and ciprofloxacin was higher than 90%.The drug resistance respectively to imipenem,meropenem and cefoperazone/sulbactam was also from 13.9% and 8.6%in 2008to 51.6%,55.3%and 48.3%.The drug resistance of A.baumannii to 16kinds of antimicrobial drugs was in a rising trend year by year,and part shows the characteristics of multiple drug resistance.CONCLUSIONThe situation of drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii is becoming more and more serious,the monitoring and management of multi-drug resistant bacteria should be strengthened,also rational use of antibiotics,stricting disinfection and quarantine system need to obey to prevent hospital infections,avoid unnecessary invasive operation,improve the immune system,and prevent Acinetobacter baumannii nosocomial infection and outbreak.


The interaction of airborne and structureborne noise radiated by aircaraft materials was studied. The results corroborate the findings of an earlier analytical study by showing that the noise radiation of vibrating plates due to combined airborne and structureborne inputs possesses a stong synergistic nature. The large influence of the interaction between the airborne and structureborne inputs was hitherto ignored by researchers of aircraft interior noise problems.