The giant barrel sponge Xestospongia testudinaria is an ecologically important species that is widely distributed across the Indo-Pacific. Little is known, however, about the precise biogeographic distribution and the amount of morphological and genetic variation in this species. Here we provide the first detailed, fine-scaled (<200 km2) study of the morphological and genetic composition of X. testudinaria around Lembeh Island, Indonesia. Two mitochondrial (CO1 and ATP6 genes) and one nuclear (ATP synthase β intron) DNA markers were used to assess genetic variation. We identified four distinct morphotypes of X. testudinaria around Lembeh Island. These morphotypes were genetically differentiated with both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Our results indicate that giant barrel sponges around Lembeh Island, which were all morphologically identified as X. testudinaria, consist of at least two different lineages that appear to be reproductively isolated. The first lineage is represented by individuals with a digitate surface area, CO1 haplotype C5, and is most abundant around the harbor area of Bitung city. The second lineage is represented by individuals with a predominantly smooth surface area, CO1 haplotype C1 and can be found all around Lembeh Island, though to a lesser extent around the harbor of Bitung city. Our findings of two additional unique genetic lineages suggests the presence of an even broader species complex possibly containing more than two reproductively isolated species. The existence of X. testudinaria as a species complex is a surprising result given the size, abundance and conspicuousness of the sponge. Citation: Swierts T, Peijnenburg KTCA, de Leeuw C, Cleary DFR, Hörnlein C, et al. (2013) Lock, Stock and Two Different Barrels: Comparing the Genetic Composition of Morphotypes of the Indo-Pacific Sponge Xestospongia testudinaria. PLoS ONE 8(9): e74396. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074396 Editor: Christian R Voolstra, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia Received February 8, 2013; Accepted July 31, 2013; Published September 12, 2013 Copyright: © 2013 Swierts et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The project was supported by the Percy Sladen Memorial Fund of the Linnean Society of London and the Treub-Maatschappij Fund. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: email@example.com


In 2005 The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa brought back into print after a twenty-year lapse eleven titles by their former official ethnographer, Elsdon Best. It is difficult to think of another New Zealand writer of his period who today might be accorded such a vote of confidence. Eleven scholarly non-fiction titles devoted to traditional Māori culture, written before 1930, arriving in a crowded marketplace at the beginning of a new millennium: what persuaded Te Papa to take such a commercial risk? Their news release tells us that 'his research was based on rare first-hand knowledge, wide reading, informed study and close discussion with Māori'. Without Best, they write, 'we would know little of the customs and traditions of these times'. If this is indeed the case, then Elsdon Best must be counted as one of the country's major literary figures, given that Māori and Pākehā identity, issues of indigenous knowledge and intellectual property are crowding conventional historiography off the campus and the literary pages. Best – long neglected and frowned upon for his extinctionist intellectual framework – is anointed again by the National Museum as an indispensable resource for knowledge of traditional Māori society. What do we know of this man and his life's work, given that he is so seminal?


We developed wine formulations containing plant essential oils and oil compounds effective against foodborne pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica. HPLC was used to determine maximum solubility of antimicrobials in wines as well as amounts of antimicrobials extracted by wines from commercial oregano and thyme leaves. Activity of essential oils (cinnamon, lemongrass, oregano, and thyme) and oil compounds (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, citral, and thymol) in wines were evaluated in terms of the percentage of the sample that resulted in a 50% decrease in the number of bacteria (BA50). The ranges of activities in wines (30 min BA50 values) against S. enterica/E. coli were carvacrol, 0.0059 to 0.010/0.011 to 0.021; oregano oils, 0.0079 to 0.014/0.022 to 0.031; cinnamaldehyde, 0.030 to 0.051/0.098 to 0.13; citral, 0.033 to 0.038/0.060 to 0.070; lemongrass oil, 0.053 to 0.066/0.059 to 0.071; cinnamon oil 0.038 to 0.057/0.066 to 0.098; thymol, 0.0086 to 0.010/0.016 to 0.022; and thyme oil, 0.0097 to 0.011/0.033 to 0.039. Detailed studies with carvacrol, the main component of oregano oil, showed that antibacterial activity was greater against S. enterica than against E. coli and that wine formulations exhibited high activities at low concentrations of added antimicrobials. The results suggest that wines containing essential oils/oil compounds, added or extracted from oregano or thyme leaves, could be used to reduce pathogens in food and other environments.


Varchenko introduced in 1993 a distance function on the chambers of a hyperplane arrangement that gave rise to a determinant whose entry in position $(C, D)$ is the distance between the chambers $C$ and $D$, and computed that determinant. In 2017, Aguiar and Mahajan provided a generalization of that distance function, and computed the corresponding determinant. This article extends their distance function to the topes of an oriented matroid, and computes the determinant thus defined. Oriented matroids have the nice property to be abstractions of some mathematical structures including hyperplane and sphere arrangements, polytopes, directed graphs, and even chirality in molecular chemistry. Independently and with another method, Hochst"{a}ttler and Welker also computed in 2019 the same determinant.


This paper presents a driver assistance system to monitor the driver driving behavior by applying the so-called "First-Person Vision" (FPV) technology. It consists of two modules: the scene classification and the driver viewing angle estimation. First, we use "bag of words" image classification approach based on FAST and BRIEF feature descriptor in the dataset. Second, we establish the "vocabulary dictionary" to encode an input image as a feature vector. Third, we apply SVM classifier to detect whether the driver's view is inside or outside scene of a vehicle. Finally, we estimate the driver viewing angle estimation based on FPV and the windshield-mounted camera. In the experiments, we illustrate the effectiveness of our system.


We have measured the cross sections for charge pickup ({Delta}{ital Z}=+1) reactions of {sup 139}La nuclei at three energies in the interval 390--560 MeV/nucleon in a stack of VG-13 glass detectors ({l angle}{ital A}{r angle}=26). Our results support evidence by Binnes {ital et} {ital al}. that the cross sections for charge pickup by heavy nuclei increase as the energy decreases below {similar to}600 MeV/nucleon.


This article is a study of the Historical shreds of pieces of evidence found in the compositions of Nayak-s Amir Khusro, Gopal Nayak, Haridas, Baiju Bawara and Tansen. It is interesting to see that the references from their compositions throw the light on that period, poetry style, music and other life proceedings. Some important events of their life and some historic incidents could be found in these compositions. The languages, poetry styles and themes of these compositions are also very interesting.


Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has been demonstrated to be an effective and reproducible sample pretreatment procedure for removal of heavy oil matrices prior to GC-AED analysis of metalloporphyrins, and for the resolution of volatile metal species into clean and defined fractions. This paper also discusses the results obtained by SEC for determination of the distribution of metallopor-phyrins in crude oils and the correlation between total metal, metal-loporphyrin, and total distillable metal content.


The proper functions of marketing management, largely depends on the quality assessment of the situation in which decisions are taken as substantiating their merits. The resources mobilization rate of the company to achieve the established marketing objectives, their permanent and effective synchronization with the environment in which the company operates are rooted ultimately in many marketing decisions. Universes substantiation of decisions, so-called uncertainty universes (e.g. - situations, events, states of phenomena) are different. In this context, the paper suggests a decision modeling based on fuzzy analysis (evaluation criteria) that could hold marketing decision. The reasons for such a choice are supported scientifically and practically exemplified. The study makes a brief analysis on the mechanisms of assessment criteria involved in making marketing decisions, highlighting the setting and arrangement of the quantitative results of the assessments before deciding, the important role of the assessor and the errors that may appear his activity. Determining the "distance" between criteria and optimally desired, represent the result of the evaluative approach, proposed in this model. The study concludes that the characteristics "vague" of the domain under evaluation, the company's marketing oriented and the conditions imposed by the dynamic environment of the firm, the application of fuzzy model can optimize marketing decision.


For controlling quality of material sourcing,how to manage the suppliers is based on the evaluation of them.The paper introduced admittance,reappraisal,ABC classification,periodic evaluation and dynamic evaluation of medical consumables suppliers.It expatiated on the necessity of supplier management.


Abstract A variety of materials such as low dimensional carbon substrates (1D, 2D, and 3D), nanoprisms, nanocubes, proteins, ceramics, and DNA to name a few, have been explored in surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) platform. While these offer new physicochemical insights, investigations have been limited to silver as primary plasmonic material. Although, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit robust performance, its intrinsic property to quench the emission from radiating dipoles (at distances < 5 nm) has impeded its utility. Despite the use of metal-dielectric resonances (with Au decorated SiO2 NPs) and sharp nanotips (from Au nanostars) for dequenching the emission, the enhancements obtained has been less than 200-fold in SPCE platform. To address these long-standing challenges, we demonstrate the utility of gold soret colloids (AuSCs) and photonic crystal-coupled emission (PCCE) platform. The soret nano-assemblies synthesized using adiabatic cooling technique presented integrated hotspots when taken with high refractive index Nd2O3 'Huygens sources'. The collective and coherent coupling between localized Mie and delocalized Bragg plasmons (of sorets), dielectric plasmons (of Nd2O3), highly confined and intense Bloch surface waves (of PCCE platform) aided in realization of dequenched, as well as amplified > 1500-fold enhancements at the photoplasmonic nanocavity interface, presenting new opportunities for multidisciplinary applications.


While river macroinvertebrates are the most widely used form of bioindicators, their baseline information, although crucial, is scarce in Nepal. The main objective of this study was to assess the macroinvertebrate assemblages in mountain tributaries of the glacial-fed Tamor and rain-fed Kamala rivers. A total of eight sites were sampled during March 2015 (Spring), November 2015 (Autumn), January 2016 (Winter), and May 2016 (Summer). Altogether, 49 Families of macroinvertebrates belonging to 15 Orders were identified with 39 Families and 12 Orders in Tamor's tributaries, and 33 Families and 10 Orders in Kamala's tributaries. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed different assemblages between the two river systems. The most dominant Order in the Tamor was Ephemeroptera and it was Trichoptera in the Kamala. EPT (Ephemeroptera Plecoptera Trichoptera) assemblages were the most abundant in all four seasons for both the river systems and higher % EPT in Tamor's tributaries indicate better water quality than in the Kamala tributaries. Typical cold water adapted Families such as Rhyacophilidae and Stenopsychidae were observed in Tamor's tributaries whereas in Kamala's tributaries, warm water adapted Families like Naididae and Thiaridae were found, reflecting a difference in the abiotic variables such as temperature, dissolved oxygen attributed to each of the catchments. This baseline data can serve as the foundation for further bioassessment including those of climate change impacts on aquatic biodiversity.


Thank you for downloading deconstructing special education and constructing inclusion. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite readings like this deconstructing special education and constructing inclusion, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their computer.


We employed pH-zone refining counter-current chromatography to prepare high-purity sinoacutine from Stephania kwangsiensis.Its solvent system was composed of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water(3∶ 7∶ 1∶ 9,V/V),in which triethylamine(10 mmol/L) was added to the upper organic stationary phase as a retainer and hydrochloric acid(10 mmol/L) was added to the aqueous mobile phase as an eluter.The structure of sinoautine was identified by ESI-MS,1H NMR and 13C NMR.The purity of sinoacutine determined by RP-HPLC was 99.5%.This approach has such advantages as high-efficiency and high-purity,suitable for the preparation of large amount of sinoacutine.


In this work, the associations between personality trait and gene protein expressions were evaluated in seventy women with breast cancer. The personality traits of these patients were examined with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) before operation, while the gene protein expression including p53, c-erbB-2 and BRCA1 of their breast lesions were assessed by immunohistochemistry method. Data showed that 75.5% of the breast cancer patients were associated with c-erbB-2 gene expression and 70.2% of the patients were associated with BRCA1 gene expression. It was further found that breast cancer patients with p53 mutation or c-erbB-2 over-expression were more extraverted.


Abstract : The Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) is proposing to construct a new commissary at Dobbins ARB. At this time the installation does not have a commissary. The Proposed Action is to construct a permanent commissary to provide service to patrons in the Atlanta metropolitan area that would be approximately 70,972 square feet (ft2) in size. The commissary would include general sales and a Grab-N-Go area. ln addition, the commissary would have electronic checkout registers, a receiving area, loading dock, meat and produce production areas, cold and freezer storage, and other supporting areas would be included. Four alternative site locations are evaluated in the EA. The purpose of the Proposed Action is to construct a permanent commissary for authorized patrons. Four alternative site locations were evaluated for the Proposed Action in the EA. The need for the Proposed Action is to provide a commissary in the Atlanta metropolitan area. A number of commissaries have closed in the Atlanta metropolitan area. As a result, there is not a Department of Defense commissary in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Patrons have to drive several hours to the nearest alternative commissary at F01t Benning, Robins Air Force Base, or Fort Gordon in Georgia, which are at least 2 hours away. Populations in the Atlanta metropolitan area that use these commissaries include retirees, active-duty and Reserve personnel, and their dependents. Before the commissaries in the Atlanta metropolitan area closed, the annual sales totaled $33.3 million. It is estimated that there are 60,000 to 70,000 retirees in the area. The construction of a new commissary in the Atlanta metropolitan area would provide service to these patrons and retain the annual expenditures in this region.


AbstractThe construction cost index (CCI), which has been published monthly in the United States by Engineering News-Record (ENR), is subject to significant variations. These variations are problematic for cost estimation, bid preparation, and investment planning. The accurate prediction of CCI can be invaluable for cost estimation and budgeting of capital projects, and can result in accurate bids. The research objective of this paper is to create appropriate multivariate time series models for forecasting CCI based on a group of explanatory variables that are identified by using Granger causality tests. The results of cointegration tests recommend vector error correction (VEC) models as the proper type of multivariate time series models to forecast CCI. Several VEC models are created and compared with existing univariate time series models for forecasting CCI. It is shown that the CCI predicted by these VEC models is more accurate than that predicted by the previously proposed univariate models (i.e., se...


We study the non-persistence of horizontal invariant circles for geodesically convex perturbations of the geodesic circular billiard on surfaces of constant curvature and show that the result obtained by Ram\'irez-Ros for the planar case, remains true for billiards on surfaces with constant curvature.


Property Location With a stay at SK House Maha Nakhon in Bangkok China Town, you'll be minutes from Temple of the Golden Buddha and close to Wat Pho. This hotel is close to Grand Palace and Temple of the Emerald Buddha.Rooms Make yourself at home in one..


An orthotropic hygrothermal stress solution has been formulated for an infinitely long fiber-reinforced tube of any number of plies of any material, with arbitrary orientation of each of the plies. The solution allows the determination of stresses when the tube is subjected to changes in temperature and moisture content. In the formulation, a temperature gradient through the thickness has been taken into account such that the formulation can be applied when the temperature inside the tube is not the same as that outside. This set of equations, together with the prescribed boundary conditions, has been solved numerically. It is shown that the stresses induced due to moisture absorbed from the environment are significant.


Market driven mechanism for transmission system operation and management is studied. An example is given to show that transmission congestion may be abused by transmission system operators to obtain unfair profits. That's the economic benefits of transmission system operators and the economic benefits of generators and electricity users are not always consistent with each other, which discourages the operators to operate the system efficiently. Therefore, a mechanism is proposed for transmission management commercialization with operators' profits being consistent with social benefits. An independent unfair-profits management organization should be set up to deprive transmission system operators of all unfair profits, while the operators both manage power exchange and operate transmission system. The theory impels transmission system operators manage and operate transmission system efficiently by increasing the operators' own profits. It'll be the foundation for further developing market competition of transmission management.


A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with a thin layer of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and subsequently, electrochemically deposited poly-pyrrole. The electrochemical behavior of mesalazine was studied on the surface of the modified electrode by applying linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The electropolymerization process and the electrochemical response toward mesalazine were investigated in the presence of different aromatic anion dopants including, benzenesulfonic acid (BSA), 1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid (1,3-BDSA), 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (1,5-NDSA) and new coccine (NC). By using 1,5-NDSA as dopant, a significant increase (∼418 times) in the peak current of mesalazine was observed, in comparison to the bare GCE. Experimental variables such as drop size of the cast MWCNTs suspension, pH of the supporting electrolyte, accumulation conditions and the number of scans in the electropolymerization process were optimized by monitoring the LSV responses of mesalazine. Under the optimum conditions, two linear dynamic ranges of 0.01–0.1 µmol L−1 and 0.1–1.0 µmol L−1 with a detection limit of 3 nmol L−1 were resulted for the voltammetric determination of mesalazine. The prepared electrode showed high sensitivity, stability and good reproducibility for determination of mesalazine. These properties made the prepared sensor suitable for the determination of mesalazine in pharmaceutical and clinical preparations.


Prishtavamsha Sandhi (joints of vertebral column) is the Cheshtavantha Prathara (movable and floating) type of joint. Twenty four joints are present in Prishtavamsha (vertebral column). Intervertebral joints are the joints which connect vertebrae to each other consists of cartilaginous joints in between the vertebral bodies and synovial joint between vertebral arches. Sandhigatha Vata (osteo arthritis) is one among the Vatavyadhi, which can affect all joints in the body. Sandhigatha Vata (osteoarthritis) will be dominated with symptoms like pain, swelling and impairment of function. In Sandhigatha Vata (osteoarthritis), destruction occurs in the joints due to aggrevated Vata. But it is not clear about the type of destruction observed in the joints. To rule out the various structural changes observed in the joints of Prishtavamsha (vertebral column) this work is being undertaken. Among 100 patients suffering from Prishtavamsha Sandhigatha Vata (osteoarthritis of vertebral column), all patients showed structural changes, 38% having Intervertebral disc prolapse, 22% having spondylosis, 20% having osteophytes, 8% with Osteosclerosis, 6% having spondylolisthesis, 5% with fractures and 1 with stenosis justifies structural changes (Hanthi Sandhi) occurs in Sandhigatha Vata (osteoarthritis). All patients had pain and restricted movements, 80% patient had swelling which justifies the symptoms of Sandhigatha Vata (osteoarthritis).


Copyright: @ 2015 Dr. Dominique Shum-Tim. This is an Open Access article published and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Received Date: 25th May 2015 Accepted Date: 5th June 2015 Published Date: 11th June 2015 Research Article Enliven: Surgery and Transplantation ISSN: 2379-5719


The study examines the most important articles of Greek Civil Code regarding the concept of good faith. The Greek Civil Code adopted a verbatim translation of the german good faith provisions which was inserted at the same place within the structure of the code. From the perspective of good faith provisions Greek Civil Code fits into modern european civil codes. Moreover, the article seeks to provide a comparative and comprehensive analysis of the concept of good faith in Greek Civil Code and in Romanian Civil Code. Also, good faith is analyzed in the United Nations Convention on contracts for the international sale of goods (1980) and in Unidroit Principles, with reference to the provisions of the Greek Civil Code. Keywords: good faith, civil law, international sales, Greek Civil Code, Romanian Civil Code, the United Nations Convention on contracts for the international sale of goods (1980).


Abstract In social cognitive theory, perceived self-efficacy to exercise control over potential threats plays a central role in anxiety arousal. Threat is a relational property reflecting the match between perceived coping capabilities and potentially hurtful aspects of the environment. People who believe they can exercise control over potential threats do not engage in apprehensive thinking and are not perturbed by them. But those who believe they cannot manage threatening events that might occur experience high levels of anxiety arousal. Experimental analyses of the microrelation between perceived self-efficacy and anxiety arousal reveal that perceived coping inefficacy is accompanied by high levels of subjective distress, autonomic arousal and catecholamine secretion. Environmental events are not always completely under personal control and most human activities contain some potential risks. The exercise of control over anxiety arousal, therefore, requires not only development of behavioral coping effi...


The research aimed to recognize the reality of the application of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) Approach and the Obstacles applied in the Islamic banks in Palestine. The researcher has designed a questionnaire composed of two dimensions, then the questionnaire was distributed to male and female employees in Islamic banks operating in the Hebron district, Data were statistically analyzed by the SPSS program , The study concluded that the reality of the application of Balanced Scorecard  Approach in Islamic banks was High in general on all dimensions of the study, and that the most important obstacles to the application of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC )Approach in these banks are the lack of knowledge of these banks and the benefits of the application of this approach, In addition to the high cost of implementation and the lack of qualified personnel to implement it, The study recommended the need for attention and increase Islamic banks in focusing on the application of this approach because of its advantages which are beneficial to the banks , customers and the community in general and  its adoption in the marketing strategies, and that Islamic banks should work to intensify its efforts to develop and improve banking services to keep up with developments in the world.


We consider the abstract Cauchy problem $\dot{x}=Ax$, $x(0)=x_0\in D(A)$ for linear operators $A$ on a locally convex space $X$. We prove uniqueness of the (local) solution of this problem for a natural class of operators $A$. Moreover, we establish that the solution $x(\cdot)$ can be represented as a limit $\lim_{n\to\infty}\{F(t/n)^{n}x_0\}$ in $X$, where a function $F:[0,\infty)\mapsto L(X)$ satisfies $F'(0)y=Ay$, $y\in D(A)$. As a result, we deduce extensions of Chernoff, Trotter and Trotter-Kato theorems for locally convex spaces. We also prove necessary and sufficient conditions that a linear operator $A$ is closable and its closure is a generator of locally equicontinuous semigroup. As a result, we obtain some criteria for the sum of two generators of locally equicontinuous semigroups to be a generator of locally equicontinuous semigroup such that the Trotter formula is valid.


Within the next few years hard X‐ray Free Electron Lasers will come on line. Such systems will have spectral brightnesses ten orders of magnitude greater than any extant synchrotron, with pulse lengths as short as a few femtoseconds. It is anticipated that large‐scale optical lasers capable of shock‐compressing matter to multi‐megabar pressures will be sited alongside the X‐ray source. We discuss how such systems can further our knowledge of shocked and isochorically heated matter, in particular investigating the potential to perform polycrystalline diffraction and the creation of warm dense matter.


in this paper, a new variant of the interior ellipsoid method for convex quadraticprogramming is developed. Compared to the algorithm proposed by Ye and Tse[5]. the sub-problem of new algorithm is a linear programming which is easy to solve, although bothhave the same complexity.


ADELMAN, Juliana. The agriculture diploma in Queen's College, Belfast, 1845–1863, and science education in nineteenth-century Ireland. Irish Economic and Social History, XXXV, 51–67. AGNEW, Jean (ed.). Funeral register of the First Presbyterian Church of Belfast, 1712–36. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation. ANDERSON, James. Partition, consociation, border-crossing: some lessons from the national confl ict in Ireland/Northern Ireland. Nations and Nationalism, XIV, No. 1, 85–104. ARMIT, Ian. Irish–Scottish connections in the fi rst millennium AD: an evaluation of the links between souterrain ware and Hebridean ceramics. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section C, 108, 1–18. BAGNALL, Sean. Tallaght, 1835–50: a rural place. Dublin: Four Courts Press. BARNARD, Toby. Improving Ireland? Projectors, prophets and profi teers, 1641–1786. Dublin: Four Courts Press. BARR, Colin. 'Imperium in Imperio': Irish episcopal imperialism in the nineteenth century. English Historical Review, CXXIII, No. 52, 611–650. BARRY, Terry. The study of medieval Irish castles: a bibliographic survey. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section C, 108, 115–136. BEINER, Guy. The mystery of the Cannon Chains: remembrance in the Irish countryside. History Workshop Journal, LXVI, No. 1, 81–106. BELL, Jonathan and WATSON, Mervyn. A history of Irish farming, 1750– 1950. Dublin: Four Courts Press. BIELENBERG, Andy. What happened to Irish industry after the British industrial revolution? Some evidence from the fi rst UK Census of Production in 1907. Economic History Review, LXI, No. 4, 820–841. BOSI, Lorenzo. Explaining the emergence process of the civil rights protest in Northern Ireland (1945–1968): insights from a relational social movement approach. Journal of Historical Sociology, XXI, Nos. 2/3, 242–271.


The observations of WZ Sge provide us with the best test for computational codes trying to calculate the accretion process onto a white dwarf. We find that the accreted material on WZ Sge cannot spread over the whole star at least on a time scale of ten years. Numerical models which include the angular momentum of the accreted material provide the best fit to the observations.


The chemical composition and properties of nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 was investigated first. Turning Inconel 718 was simulated by Deform-3D software to figure out main affection factors, and optimal combination of cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth was introduced. In addition, different cooling and Lubrication methods (heat transfer coefficient f of cooling and tool-chip friction factors) for cutting of Inconel 718 was studied, and a best cooling/lub mode was obtained.


The invention discloses a negative pressure setting packer, and relates to a packer used in oil exploitation engineer operation, in particular to setting of an underground simulation oil extraction device. The negative pressure setting packer comprises a piston shaft, a flow limiting body and a cylinder barrel, one end of the piston shaft is integrally provided with a piston, the piston shaft is hollow, the flow limiting body is in threaded connection to one end of an opening of the piston shaft, the flow limiting body and the piston shaft are communicated, the piston shaft is sleeved with the cylinder barrel, a sealing ring is arranged between the flow limiting body and the cylinder barrel, the piston shaft is sleeved with the sealing ring, the two ends of the sealing ring are respectively and tightly in press fit with the piston shaft through the flow limiting body and the cylinder barrel, the sealing ring is an elastic pipe body, and pressure guide holes are formed in the positions, corresponding to the sealing ring, of the piston shaft. Steps are formed between the piston shaft and the piston, the free end of the cylinder barrel is limited through the steps, and pressure guide holes are formed in the positions, on the inner side of the cylinder barrel, of the piston shaft. Radial water outlet holes are formed in the lateral wall of the flow limiting body. The negative pressure setting packer is safe, reliable, simple and reasonable in structure and convenient to manufacture and install.


Objective To understand the population distribution,temporal and spatial clustering,of viral hepatitis C cases and its changing trend in the mainland of China and provide evidence for the prevention and control of hepatitis C.Methods The incidence data of hepatitis C were collected from national diseases reporting information system of China CDC between 2008 and 2013. Spatial scanning unit was 2886 districts /counties in the mainland of China; temporal scanning unit was month,and the time span was from January 2008 to December 2013. Kulldorff scan statistics was applied,and analyses were conducted by using software SaTScanTM9. 1. Map making and result visualizing were carried out with software ArcGIS 10. 1. Results The scan analysis indicated that the incidence of hepatitis C increased over time and had its seasonality. The incidence peak was in March of a year. The surveillance for hepatitis C from 2008 to 2013 indicated that most cases( 60%) occurred in age group 30- 59 years,more cases were in males than in females(1. 16- 1. 35) and the cases in farmers accounted for about 60%. The results from SaTScan indicated the existence of the temporal and spatial clustering of hepatitis C cases. The temporal clustering of hepatitis C cases was mainly from June to October during a year; the spatial clustering occurred in central,northwestern,northeastern and southern regions. With respect to the changes of temporal and spatial clustering,class 1 clustering area was usually in central China,it expended to the western China only in 2011. Class 2 clustering area was in northwestern China except 2012. Class 3 clustering area was in northeastern China,but it became smaller in 2013. Class 4 and 5 clustering areas were in southern China and becamelarger over time. Conclusion Temporal and spatial clustering of hepatitis C cases in China was reported in this paper,but the clustering areas changed with year. Findings from this paper can be used in evidence-based decision making for the prevention and control of hepatitis C and in preparation and allocation of related health resources.


Heat transfer to small cylinders within a porous media has been experimentally and analytically studied extensively over a varying degree of sample and particle sizes and fluid flow regimes. In general, the observations, trends and empirical correlations developed for these systems do not accurately extrapolate down to small cylinders operating under the packed bed condition. The objective of this research is to develop an empirical correlation that expresses the Nusselt number of small cylinders immersed horizontally within a packed bed subject to forced convection heat transfer, in terms of the pertinent test parameters and material properties.

Heat transfer to small cylinders within a porous media has been experimentally and analytically studied extensively over a varying degree of sample and particle sizes and fluid flow regimes. In general, the observations, trends and empirical correlations developed for these systems do not accurately extrapolate down to small cylinders operating under the packed bed condition. The objective of this research is to develop an empirical correlation that expresses the Nusselt number of small cylinders immersed horizontally within a packed bed subject to forced convection heat transfer, in terms of the pertinent test parameters and material properties.A set of seven small cylinders ranging in size from 1.27 to 9.53mm were resistively heated within a 311mm diameter lab-scale packed bed. The porous medium in which the samples were immersed was fine alumina oxide sand, with mean particle sizes ranging from 145 to 33μm. Four separate Type K thermocouples were used to measure temperatures at pertinent locations within the apparatus: bed temperature, inner sample temperature, left and right sample temperatures. The apparatus was operated under flow rates up until incipient fluidization. The trends observed in this research compared well with published data, though the correlations developed from other research consistently under-predicted the heat transfer capacity within the packed bed. The correlation that was developed for calculating the mean Nusselt number was accurate to within ±15% for the entire range of tested and published data.


Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) technology is increasingly being considered as an alternative option for solar electricity generation. However, increasing the light concentration ratio could decrease the system output power due to the increase in the temperature of the cells. The performance of a multi-layer microchannel heat sink configuration was evaluated using numerical analysis. In this analysis, three dimensional incompressible laminar steady flow model was solved numerically. An electrical and thermal solar cell model was coupled for solar cell temperature and efficiency calculations. Thermal resistance, solar cell temperature and pumping power were used for the system efficiency evaluation. An increase in the number of microchannel layers exhibited the best overall performance in terms of the thermal resistance, solar cell temperature uniformity and pressure drop. The channel height and width has no effect on the solar cell maximum temperature. However, increasing channel height leads to a reducti...


In this paper we seek to reconcile two competing frameworks for inventory management, namely the classical "optimization" framework and JIT. While the first is predicated on the premise that the optimal level of inventory is obtained by balancing the costs and benefits of inventory, the latter claims that inventory is a form of waste and thus should be eliminated completely but gradually. We show that some of the operational characteristics of JIT, as opposed to its rhetoric, can be obtained within the optimization framework provided that the relevant factors are taken into account. In particular, we show that in an environment which is subject to "learning from mistakes," it is better to carry inventory levels which are lower than what is "operationally optimal." We also study the complex relation between variability reduction, inventory levels, and overall cost. In general, reducing the variability of a system in the sense of first or second-order stochastic dominance will not necessarily result in a lower level of inventory, although optimal cost will be reduced. We study conditions on variability improvement that guarantee that variability reductions will always result in reduced levels of optimal inventory.


Hybrid programming combining task-based and message-passing models is an increasingly popular technique to exploit multi-core clusters. The Task-Aware MPI (TAMPI) library integrates both models enabling the safe overlap of computation and communication tasks using two-sided MPI communications. Two-sided primitives combine data transfers with implicit synchronizations, but one-sided models usually offer more efficient data transfers decoupling synchronizations. MPI offers four distinct one-sided synchronization modes, while GASPI is a PGAS API providing one-sided operations with remote notifications for fine inter-process synchronizations.In this paper, we study the challenges of integrating MPI and GASPI one-sided operations with the OpenMP and OmpSs-2 tasking models. We propose and implement several extensions to the GASPI and OmpSs-2 programming models, which are leveraged by a new library called Task-Aware GASPI (TAGASPI). The TAGASPI library allows the efficient and safe use of one-sided operations with remote notifications inside tasks. Both TAGASPI and TAMPI transparently manage communications issued by tasks and allow these to overlap with computation tasks naturally, following a data-flow model. These libraries are complementary and can be mixed in the same application.Our experience porting several mini-apps to this hybrid model shows that TAGASPI helps leverage one-sided communications with similar complexity to pure and hybrid two-sided MPI approaches. We show that our hybrid one-sided approach outperforms the pure MPI strategies, but it also surpasses the TAMPI's performance when stressing communication phases, e.g., increasing the communication parallelism and reducing the communication tasks' sizes.


Abstract. We propose an unsupervised algorithm that utilizes information derived from spectral, gradient, and textural attributes for spatially segmenting multi/hyperspectral remotely sensed imagery. Our methodology commences by determining the magnitude of spectral intensity variations across the input scene, using a multiband gradient detection scheme optimized for handling remotely sensed image data. The resultant gradient map is employed in a dynamic region growth process that is initiated in pixel locations with small gradient magnitudes and is concluded at sites with large gradient magnitudes, yielding a map comprised of an initial set of regions. This region map is combined with several co-occurrence matrix-derived textural descriptors along with intensity and gradient features in a multivariate analysis-based region merging procedure that fuses the regions with similar characteristics to yield the final segmentation output. Our approach was tested on several multi/hyperspectral datasets, and the results show a favorable performance in comparison with state-of-the-art techniques.


This study examines the relation between measures of boards' advisory effectiveness and firm value, assuming that greater heterogeneity in the board's functional expertise leads to better strategic decisions, thereby increasing firm value in expectation, ceteris paribus. We find preliminary support for this hypothesis in that functional expertise heterogeneity of the board is positively associated with firm value. Given the endogeneity inherent in such an analysis, in two additional identification strategies, we find that investors react positively when a new director appointment increases the board's expertise heterogeneity, and that investors react positively to announcements of central firm strategic decisions, mergers and acquisition decisions, only for firms with greater heterogeneity in board skills.


This paper introduces the orthogonal rational approximation (ORA) algorithm for rational function approximation of transfer functions, based on data available from simulations or measurements. A rational function allows integration of such data in transient solvers for analysis of high‐frequency circuits. In rational function approximation, the unknown denominator polynomial of the model results in a nonlinear problem, which can be replaced with successive solutions of linearized problems following the Sanathanan–Koerner (SK) iteration. An orthogonal basis can be obtained based on Arnoldi resulting in a stabilized SK iteration. We present an extension of the stabilized SK, called ORA, which ensures real polynomial coefficients and stable poles for realizability of electrical networks. We also introduce an efficient implementation of ORA for multiport networks based on a block QR decomposition.


Mahatma Gandhi stated:, "Even if you are a minority of one, the truth is the truth." The truth of the existence of minority groups in Europe has been reticent for quite a long time. Although the principle of Europe implies the idea that different cultures, religions and languages deepen and enrich society, the issue of minorities has been regarded as problematic and threatening for society.
The twentieth century was characterized by many conflicts which involved the maltreatment of ethnic, linguistic or religious minority groups. The incidents in the Balkans which resulted to the WWI and in particular the Holocaust which transformed Europe totally can be seen as dramatic illustrations. Due to these historical changes, Europe developed into a continent with major ethnic conflicts. To cope with these situations, Europe is now known for developing the most comprehensive criteria for safeguarding minority groups. This reputation is the result of the performance of three international institutions: The Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the related High Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM) and the European Union (EU). Even though these institutions exist more or less independently of each other, specific co-operation led to major successes. Nevertheless, the influence and especially legal competences of these institutions are rather low. Recently the OSCE and the European Union were criticized for not being effective and present in the ethnic conflict of Kirgizstan.
This Bachelor thesis investigates how minorities in Europe are actually protected by these international institutions. A major focus will be on the competences as well as limitations of the institutions.


An evaluation was performed of the uncertainty in predicted carcinogenic risk resulting from uncertainty in site properties and fate and transport predictions for a simple contaminated soil site. SoilRisk, a risk model for organic contaminants in soil, was applied to a case-study site consisting of sandy soil and a thin, near surface, unconfined aquifer. The site-related parameters found to affect predicted risk most significantly were the soil-water volumetric flux rate (J{sub w}) in the unsaturated zone, the longitudinal dispersivity ({alpha}{sub L}) and the Darcy velocity (V{sub d}) in the saturated zone, and the soil organic carbon fraction in both zones (foc, foc{sub sat}). Model runs using probability distribution functions (PDFs) for these input parameters yielded cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) for the total risk estimates, the shape and location of which depended on the chemical and exposure scenario. In general, uncertainty in risk at the case-study site was found to be greater for the more mobile and less degradable of the chemicals studied [trichloroethylene (TCE) and chlordane] than for benzene, which is highly degradable, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), which is very immobile in the subsurface.


In previous work, we described an Emergency Landing Planner (ELP) designed to assist pilots in choosing the best emergency landing site when damage or failures occur in an aircraft. In this paper, we briefly describe the system, but focus on the integration of this system into the cockpit of a 6 DOF full-motion simulator and a study designed to evaluate the ELP. We discuss the results of this study, the lessons learned, and some of the issues involved in advancing this work fur-


To the Editor, We read with great interest an article in your journal about vagus nerve stimulation reducing levels of COVID-19 inflammatory factors (1). In the face of this sudden respiratory infectious disease, we continue to try a variety of drug interventions, but their clinical effects and side effects significantly affect the clinical treatment. Therefore, the exploration and trial of effective and less invasive interventions will greatly improve the clinical course of patients with COVID-19. Here, we would like to highlight the potential value of electroacupuncture in the treatment of COVID-19. As a classical therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), electroacupuncture plays a neuroelectrophysiological role by stimulating acupoints. Electroacupuncture is of low cost, reusable, has small side effects, and is widely used in the treatment of multiple diseases. Some scholars have used electroacupuncture to stimulate point Feishu (BL 13) on lung index to regulate inflammatory mediators so as to achieve a good effect of reducing viral pneumonia (2). In addition, studies have shown that electroacupuncture stimulation of Zusanli point can significantly reduce gastrointestinal symptoms caused by severe acute pancreatitis, such as relieving abdominal pain and abdominal distension (3,4). Obviously, this evidence also provides a strong basis and reference for electroacupuncture to regulate the inflammatory response in the treatment of COVID-19. Although the exact mechanism of electroacupuncture treatment is still not fully elucidated, it has a remarkable potential value in regulating inflammation and treating inflammatory disorders. Current theories suggest that acupoints are somehow related to nerves. Therefore, in-depth exploration of the specific mechanism of electroacupuncture will be helpful to understand its function. Especially in the face of the sudden and continuing spread of COVID-19, a large number of controlled clinical studies are now needed to verify the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture in COVID-19. We also expect TCM to play a bigger role in the face of COVID-19.


THE PURPOSE OF THIS INVESTIGATION WAS TO USE THE CONSOLIDATED-UNDRAINED TRIAXIAL TEST TO RELATE UNTREATED AND ASPHALT-TREATED IOWA GRANULAR BASE MATERIALS TO THOSE USED IN THE AASHO ROAD TEST. THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVES WERE TO (A) OBTAIN A MEASURE OF THE RELATIVE BEHAVIOR OF IOWA MATERIALS FROM DIFFERENT AGGREGATE SOURCES FOR COMPARISON WITH 2 AASHO ROAD TEST MATERIALS ALSO SUBJECTED TO THE SAME TRIAXIAL TEST TECHNIQUE AND (B) DEVELOP A LABORATORY TRIAXIAL TEST TECHNIQUE AND FORM OF ANALYSIS TO INDICATE A GRANULAR MATERIALS VARIABILITY FOR ASCERTAINING AN ASSIGNED COEFFICIENT OF RELATIVE STRENGTH. RESULTS INDICATED THAT VOLUMETRIC STRAIN-AXIAL STRAIN RELATIONS WERE APPROPRIATE EVALUATION PARAMETERS FOR DETERMINING COEFFICIENT OF RELATIVE STRENGTH AT WHAT WAS TERMED MINIMUM VOLUME FAILURE CRITERIA; MINIMUM VOLUME IS CONSIDERED AS A POINT OF "PROPORTIONAL LIMIT" WHEN VIEWED IN CONJUNCTION WITH A STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM. /AUTHOR/


The phase-field method coupled with the Navier-Stokes equations is a rather new approach for scale-resolving numerical simulation of interfacial two-phase flows. The intention is to implement it as finite-volume method in the open source library for computational continuum mechanics OpenFOAM® and make it freely available. An overview on the governing equations is given and the numerical method is shortly discussed. The focus is on application and validation of the code for some fundamental wetting phenomena, namely the capillary rise in a narrow channel and the spreading of a droplet on a flat surface, which is chemically homogeneous or regularly patterned. The numerical results on static meshes agree well with analytical solutions and experimental/numerical results from literature. Also, first 3D finite-volume simulations with adaptive mesh refinement near the interface are presented as a key element to achieve CPU-time efficient simulations.


The purpose of this study was to survey the high school students` awareness about scientific hypothesis and ability to construct it. One hundred and forty seven tenth graders were surveyed. The results showed that most students were already acquainted with scientific terms such as assumption, hypothesis, prediction and conclusion. They also thought that they knew somewhat or well those. But they were not able to distinguish between hypothesis and prediction, and had difficulties in identifying them in the inquiry examples. The students thought that hypothesis must be constructed based on valid reasons and that hypothesis is variable and imperfect. They were also conscious of the necessity of hypothesis testing. However they had poor awareness about setting up scientific hypothesis containing variables and testable hypothesis. Most students could construct hypothesis about inquiry question. But they could not construct testable hypothesis and set it up using the causal relationship between independent and dependent variables. Furthermore, they could not construct the hypothesis based on valid reasons.


【Objective】 This study aims to clone the full-length cDNA of the corresponding gene of RPT4 that with differential expression between cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS) lines and their maintainers in kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.) and to analyze its expression in anthers.【Method】 With homology cloning approaches coupling with RACE techniques,the full-length cDNA of RPT4 was cloned from total RNA of the anthers of the maintainer line L23B in kenaf.Then the expressions of mRNA in the anthers before abortive stage,at abortive stage,and late abortive stage were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.【Result】 The longest 1197 bp ORF of RPT4 was detected from the cloned sequence with full-length of cDNA of 1 596 bp.The encoded peptide of 398 amino acids shares 91.93% homology with the one in Ricinus communis.It also contains conserved domain consisting of three motifs-Walker A,Walker B and arginine finger,which suggests that the domain has various important functions.RTP4 was confirmed to express in anthers of both CMS line L23A and its maintainer.The expressing level of RPT4 in the CMS line L23A was identical to that in the maintainer L23B at the tetrad stage.However,the expressing level of RPT4 in L23A was lower at the uninucleate(abortive) stage,and higher at the binucleate(late abortive) stage than that of L23B.【Conclusion】 RPT4 is involved in the development of microspores in kenaf and may be related to CMS with complex molecular function.


In this paper, we study a new task of synonym expansion using transitivity, and propose a novel approach named SynET, which considers both the contexts of two given synonym pairs. It introduces an auxiliary task to reduce the impact of noisy sentences, and proposes a Multi-Perspective Entity Matching Network to match entities from multiple perspectives. Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset show the effectiveness of our approach.


During 2009 and 2010,the above and below ground biomass of artificial pasture Setaria of different cutting numbers had detailed study.The results showed that the above and below ground net primary productivity of artificial pasture Setaria of cutting two times were highest,were 3845.01g/m2DM and 716.90g/m2DM;Followed by cutting one times,were 3386.12 g/m2DM and 674.23 g/m2DM;Without cutting were the lowest,were 3260.97 g/m2DM and 653.63 g/m2DM.The difference of above ground net primary productivity of pasture Setaria was very significant,The difference of below ground net primary productivity of pasture Setaria was significant.the above and below ground biomass of Without cutting,cutting one times and cutting two times showed that the peak time appeared by the end of September early October,the maxmium was 653.63g/m2DM、674.23g/m2DM、716.90g/m2DM.The peak of below ground biomass was later than that of above ground biomass.


Coloring and bleaching of reduced phosphate glasses in the systems K2O-B2Or Al2O3-P2O5 and K2O-Al2O3-P2O5, containing no silver halide, were studied. The as-cast glasses, which are colorless and transparent, become tinged with red when they are reheated at high temperatures for long times. The bleached specimens (PTC-RP glass) are obtained by heating at >600°C, then quenching. The PTC-RP glasses exhibit coloring phenomena by irradiation of light or by heating above 200°C; the colored glasses are again bleached thermally. Coloring of the glasses by heating is described in this paper in terms of phase change within the colloidal phosphorus formed in the glasses. The apparent activation energy for the thermocoloring is estimated to be ∼15×104 J/mol (35 kcal/mol).


PURPOSE: A rapidly hardened concrete compound comprising acrylic polymer manufactured by a core cell polymerization reaction is provided to early reveal strength by forming a composition in which thick aggregates and acrylic polymer are mixed in rapid-hardening dry mortar. CONSTITUTION: A rapidly hardened concrete compound including acrylic polymer manufactured by a core cell polymerization reaction comprises: one kind portland cement 4.80~8.10 weight%; dry sand 24~37 weight% having a particle size of 1.0~4.0 and fineness modulus less than 5.0mm; thick aggregate 37~41 weight% which a maximum size is 13mm; acrylic polymer of core cell polymerization reaction 3~8 weight%; a K type expansion material 0.24~0.81 weight%; an enhancement agent for durability 0.24~0.54 weight%; an antifoaming agent 0.05~0.10 weight%; water 3~5 weight%; calciumsulfoaluminate(3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4) 5.76~10.80 weight%; anhydrous gypsum micropowder 2.40~5.40 weight%; calcium hydroxide 0.10~0.81 weight%; and an admixture 2~3 weight%.


Free amino acid in ethanol extracts and total amino acid hydrolysates of Coicis semen were analyzed by amino acid autoanalyzer. The sample A (unpolished Coicis Semen) and sample B(polished Coicis Semen) are used in this experiments. The results obtained from this study are as follows: 1) 17 kinds of free amino acid (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Pro, Gly, Ala, Val, Cys, Met, Ileu, Lew, Try, Phe, Lys, His, Arg,) including 7 kinds of essential amino acid (Val, Lew, Ileu, Thr, Lys, Met, Phe,) as human nutrition were identified and quantified but tryptophan. 2) Total free amino acids of sample A is more than about 3 folds that of sample B. 3) The distribution of free amino acids contained in sample A, threonine is the richiest and then comes Ala, Glu, Asp, and Pro, in that order. In sample B, glutamic acid is the richiest and then comes Thr, Asp, Ala, and Gly, in that order. 4) 17 kinds of total amino acid (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Pro, Gly, Ala, Val, Cys, Met, Ileu, Lew, Tyr, Pher, Lys, including 7 kinds of essential amino acid (Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys, Met, Phe,) in human nutrition except tryptophan were identified and quanified. 5) Total amino acid content of sample A is more than about 1.06 folds that of sample B. 6) Total amino acid content of sample A in acid hydrolysates is more than about 1.06 folds that of sample B in acid hydrolysates. 7) Unknown chromatogram of ethanol extracts and acid hydrolysates of Coicis Semen were identified as Ornitine.


1,3-Di-{N-[bis(dimethylamino)methene]}benzoyl-diamide and 1,3-di-{N-[bis(dimethyl-amino)methane]}-benzoyl-disulfonamide were synthesized by the reaction of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-guanidine with isophthaloyl dichloride and 1,3-benzenedisulfonyl chloride separately. Their structures were confirmed by elementary analysis, IR, 1H NMR and EI-MS. 1H NMR titration indicated that 1 ∶1 stoichiometry complexes were formed between the guanidine derivative and dicarboxylic acids whose association constants range from 5.33 to 3.68×10 5.


Feeding problems caused by incoordination of the muscles of the mouth are encountered by many occupational therapists, who may lack adequate instruction in feeding assessment and intervention. Existing feeding assessments have generally been developed using behavioral definitions of normal and abnormal responses in a developmental sequence. Unfortunately, these instruments have tended to be incomplete, inadequate, or hard to locate. Others have required extensive training, thus limiting their utility in the clinical setting.


This paper suggests a cooperative spectrum sensing using dynamic double thresholds energy detection and adaptive grid search to obtain the highest probability detection. The proposed double thresholds are adaptive to noise fluctuation. A new fusion method combined of weighting and voting is used in cooperative sensing. Further, in order to obtain the best sensing performance, we firstly use adaptive grid search to find the optimal double thresholds. Simulation results show that the proposed method has excellent robustness to noise fluctuation and good sensing performance even under low signal to noise ratio (SNR).


The fast advances of computer systems translate into a growing demand of methodologies and tools to introduce those novelties into classes. Among the plethora of those advances, virtualization has become an essential technology in almost every relevant system stack, from connected cars to hyperscaled cloud servers. However, introducing those technologies into the classroom remains a challenging task because of the huge complexity of their software components that may hinder the learning process of students. peRISCVcope aims to help in this area by proposing a tiny yet powerful interpreter to dig into virtualization technologies, such as the implementation of trap&emulate hypervisors. With less than 2,000 lines of code, and thanks to the conciseness of the RV32I base instruction set of RISC-V, peRISCVcope enables students to make virtualization knowledge their own. This paper presents our experiences developing and testing a virtualization laboratory where students implement parts of an interpreter. After the practical experience, peRISCVcope has been proved as a useful pedagogical tool, and, most importantly, students have positively rated the experience.


Objective To study the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in the promoter region of tissue kallikrein gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods Ten alleles were detected with polymerase chain reaction and allele specific oligonucleotide analysis(ASO) in 30 patients with DM and 40 healthy subjects.Results The frequencies of A,B,H and K alleles in DM(46.67%,35%,15% and 3.33%,respectively) was no statistical difference from that of subjects(45%,37.5%,17.5% and 0%,respectively)(P0.05).Conclusion A,B,H and K alleles of tissue kallikrein gene are four types of polymorphism in Han nationality.


In this paper, we propose a hybrid decision model using case-based reasoning augmented the fuzzy logic and k nearest neighbor (k-NN) methods for aided design engine. The mixed fuzzy k-NN (MFKNN) CBR scheme which has trapezoidal¿linear¿negative linear¿Triangular and Gaussian fuzzy operator is designed to compute memberships of engine and to provide a more flexible and practical mechanism for acquiring and reusing the expert system's decision knowledge. These methods were implemented in the database application and expert system following the example of valve system. To get the designed case, the retrieved results were compared and analyzed by mixed fuzzy k-NN algorithm or k-NN algorithm in the CBR database. It proves the validity of mixed fuzzy k-NN algorithm and CBR design system is used successfully in engine design process.


The study aimed to evaluate the effect of α-chymotrypsin on placental separation as a treatment protocol for retained placenta (RP) in dairy cows and its effect on reproductive performance after placental shedding. The study was conducted on 64 crossbred cows that suffered from retained placenta. Cows were divided into four equal groups: group I (n=16) treated with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α); group II (n=16) treated with PGF2α in combination with α-chemotrypsin; group III (n=16) treated with α-chemotrypsin only and group IV (n=16) treated by manual removal of the RP. Cows were under observation after treatment till placental shedding. Placental samples were taken from the non-responsive cows after the course of treatment and examined to observe the histopathological changes in each group. Results revealed that the time of placental dropping showed a significant decrease in group II compared to other groups. Histopathological examination of group II shows that collagen was found as fewer fibers in scattered areas and necrosis appeared as numerous areas widespread in the fetal villi. A few inflammatory cells were infiltrated in the placental tissue and the vascular changes appear as mild vasculitis and mild edema. Cows in group II have rapid uterine involution, decreased risk of postpartum metritis and improved reproductive performance. It is concluded that PGF2α in combination with α- chemotrypsin is the recommended treatment for RP in dairy cows. This recommendation is warranted, as this treatment was successful in achieving rapid placental shedding, rapid uterine involution, a decreased risk of postpartum metritis and improved reproductive performance.


ABSTRACT The bopyrid isopod Probopyrus buitendijki (Horst, 1910), the only known bopyrid parasite of the commercially important palaemonid shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), is redescribed and fully illustrated on the basis of collections from Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia, including type-material. Probopyrus latilamellaris Nierstrasz and Brender a Brandis, 1923, is considered a junior synonym of P. buitendijki. Though similar to P. borrei (Giard and Bonnier) it is readily distinguishable by means of characters presented.


Infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic renal failure. Of the infectious problems commonly encountered in the dialysis population, Au antigen-positive hepatitis and staphylococcal infections of the vascular access site have been most troublesome. Although the problems associated with viral hepatitis in the dialysis unit have recently elicited numerous clinical and epidemiologic studies, the epidemiology of the ever-present threat of staphylococcal infection in dialysis patients has drawn only sporadic interest in recent years. The advent of the Quinton-Scribner external shunt in 1960 made regular access feasible for long-term hemodialysis. 1 However, it was early recognized that infection and clotting were the major limitations to prolonged shunt usage. In virtually all series, Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant cause of shunt infection. As documented by phage typing, the vast majority of these infections was due to organisms colonizing the skin and nasal cavities of the patients.


Calpastatin (CAST) is an endogenous inhibitor of the calpain syste m activated by Ca2+. Partial sequence of porcine CAST gene was cloned and sequenc ed for the first time in the present study. The complete coding sequence of porc ine CASTⅡ(GenBank acc. NO. AY555195) was then assembled and the structure and d omain of porcine CASTⅡprotein was predicted with bioinformatics method. This wo rk provides good basis for further research on the function of CAST in swine.


To the Editor.— I was much interested in the perplexing case of vasomotorlike manifestations in a hypertensive patient (228:625, 1974). I have a similar case that, I hope, will interest your readers. A 39-year-old Puerto Rican man, hitherto in good shape but rather "nervous," started to complain of sudden, unexpected episodes of tremulousness, palpitation, sweating, and abdominal pains. No known "triggering cause" for these episodes could be found. During these episodes, his face would flush, and his blood pressure rise to about 180/110 mm Hg although he is usually normotensive. He is a nonsmoker and nondrinker. The following diagnoses were considered: (1) pheochromocytoma and (2) carcinoid syndrome (in spite of the hypertension). When these diagnoses could not be substantiated, a diencephalic syndrome was investigated. Thus, an extensive neurologic survey was undertaken, and in spite of negative results, antiepileptic treatment was instituted "just in case"—but in vain. Finally, I prescribed cyproheptadine,


In order to solve the automation professional courses that exist in a comprehensive and innovative teaching practice is relatively weak link in the problem to feature "technology development" activities(the smart car competition) as the carrier,will be "small integrated training" for students to expand the overall knowledge structure and the actual ability to use the "big comprehensive training." In this paper,combination of smart car competition,the backbone of automation model curriculum and teaching reform and to explore the teaching,first of all introduced the smart car competition and automation backbone links courses,and then spoke about the form of its implementation,and finally introduced the Smart car race results and their impact.Teaching practice shows that: The teaching reform to promote automation professionals in the promotion of the value of train.


Interest in understanding how brown-rot fungi decay wood has received increasing interest in recent years because of a need to identify novel targets that can be inhibited for the next generation of antifungal wood preservatives. Brown-rot fungi are unique in that they can degrade holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose) in wood without first removing the lignin. Furthermore, they degrade holocellulose in an unusual manner, causing a rapid decrease in degree of polymerization at low weight loss. Despite the increased research effort the mechanism of brown-rot decay remains unclear and, furthermore, this research has not provided biochemical targets for inhibition and development of new wood preservatives. In viewing the brown-rot literature, it became apparent that many of the beliefs about brown-rot decomposition of wood are based more on tradition or conjecture than on facts. These myths tend to cloud our understanding of brown-rot decay and as a result may contribute to a misdirection of research efforts. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to identify and clarify some of these misconceptions about brown-rot decay that have become dogma.


The seeds of Elephantopus scaber L. were aseptically cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without any plant growth regulator. The germinated seed explants were transferred to callus induction medium fortified with different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 mg L -1 ) of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) or 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone and in combination with kinetin (Kin) (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 mg L -1 ). The maximum callus induction (91.6%) was observed with 1.5 mg L -1 2,4-D + 1.5 mg L -1 Kin. Following callus culture, the proliferated calli were transferred for shoot regeneration. Combination of 2.0 mg L -1 BAP + 1.0 mg L -1 a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was the most effective for shoot regeneration from callus (13.7 shoot/callus). The elongated shoots rooted in half-strength MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of auxins (NAA, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole 3-butyric acid (IBA)). NAA was more suitable for root induction (6.2 shoots/callus) when compared to IAA and IBA (3.5 and 3.7, respectively). The in vitro regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to the greenhouse for acclimatization. The survival of the plantlets under ex vitro condition was recorded as 77%. Assays of antioxidant activity of in vivo and in vitro grown tissues were evaluated as gross parameters of medicinal efficacy. Antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) were significantly more concentrated in the leaf and root samples of in vitro grown plants whereas the catalase (CAT) concentration was greatest in leaf samples of in vivo plants.


Treatment of adult congenital heart disease patients who require advanced therapies remains challenging due to high perioperative and wait‐list mortality and limited donors. Patients palliated with Fontan are at the highest risk of early mortality due to multiorgan involvement and few centers able to safely transplant them. We sought to evaluate the early outcomes of heart transplants in these adult Fontan patients.


The invention relates to a method for preparing m-nitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene and p-nitrochlorobenzene by using nitrochlorobenzene meta-position oil. The method comprises the following steps of: separating the nitrochlorobenzene meta-position oil containing 20 to 45 percent of m-nitrochlorobenzene and produced in the conventional nitrochlorobenzene production process into an m-nitrochlorobenzene and p-nitrochlorobenzene mixture and an o-nitrochlorobenzene product by a rectification method, further converting the m-nitrochlorobenzene and p-nitrochlorobenzene mixture into an m-nitrochlorobenzene and p-nitroanisole mixture by methoxylation reaction, and performing rectification, separation and purification on the mixture to obtain m-nitrochlorobenzene and p-nitroanisole products. The method has the advantages of low energy consumption, short production period and capability of solving the atmospheric pollution problem of a burning treatment method for the nitrochlorobenzene meta-position oil.


Device for switching on and off contactlessly operable liquid, spray or Schaumseifen-, cream or disinfectant dispenser comprising a housing (1) for receiving and covering a pump and a reservoir (5), characterized in that as a circuit breaker, a charging socket (10 is) used with disconnection contact and in such a way on the dispenser housing (1) positioned such that (when inserted sidings or charging plug 6) the insertion of a storage container (5) is blocked in the dispenser, and / or that (in the inserted storage tank 5) that the achievement the charging socket (10) blocked.


In 1957, Yaglou and Minard (I) developed the WBGT as a thermal index calculated as follows: WBGT~0.7Tw+0.2Tg+o.1T. where Tw~wet bulb temperature, Tg~ black globe temperature and T. ~ ambient temperature. This index has been in extensive use for evaluating environmental heat stress in the U.S. Army, sport activities and as safety guidance for workers in different occupations (2-4). However, WBGT was found to be limited in evaluating heat stress mainly due to the inconvenience ofmeasuring Tg, the corrections needed for different clothing (e.g., protective clothing) and for various metabolic rates (5). The purpose ofthis study was to determine whether the newly developed modified discomfort index (MDl) calculated as (6) MDI ~ 0.30T.+O.75Tw can be nsed as an alternative for WBGT.


A new formula is obtained which corresponds to a corrected form of the Kneser-Sommerfeld expansion mentioned in Watson's "A Treatise on the Theory of Bessel Functions" pp. 499–500.


With the increasing number of postgraduates, how to improve the quality of postgradu ates in the new situation becomes a problem demanding prompt solution to each university. Edu cation on the ideology of postgraduates is a very important link to improve the quality of them Some problems in the work of education on the ideology of postgraduates are analyzed, and som suggestions on the deepening of such education are proposed.


To enlist the interest of new members as well as to increase the interest of old members, the consumers' coperative movement uses principally four types of effort which may be called by the names of platform, press, pictorial, and printed matter. The cooperation of groups of a general social nature, such as ethical, educational, and political groups, and of vocational economic groups in the farm, labor, and professional fields, is enlisted to include addresses on their platforms and articles in their publications, as well as special pamphlets in their bibliographies, on the significance of the consumers' cooperative movement as one of the means of building


ome quality and sensory traits of meat from Nilotic male kids subjected to feedlot trial and d on sorghumand molassesbased diets were evaluated in this study. Samples of emimembranosus muscle were taken to determine the chemical composition of meat as well s water holding capacity (WHC) and cooking loss. Total moisture, crude protein (CP), ether xtract (EE) and ash were also determined. Semiexpert panelists were requested to record eir responses for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, color and over all acceptability of cooked amples. Analysis of covariance indicated that the chemical composition of meat from Nilotic ids was not affected by the type of diet where the moisture content were 76.62±0.53 and 6.37±0.60%; CP were 19.47±0.29 and 19.89±0.39%; fat were 0.97±0.49 and 0.97±0.86%; sh were 1.01±0.13 and 1.06±0.23% for the sorghumand molasses-based fed groups, espectively. The differences were also not significant in the water holding capacity 1.62±0.56 and 1.62±0.55) and cooking loss (19.50±1.99 and 19.83±0.33) of meat muscles r the sorghumand molasses-based fed male kids, respectively. Instrumental color (L*, a*, *) indicated no difference in kids muscles from the two dietary groups. Chi square test evealed no significant differences between the two diet groups in tenderness, juiciness, avor, color and over all acceptability of meat from Nilotic kids. It was concluded that meat om Nilotic male kids, compared with other goat meat, contained less fat which is a positive ttribute in other respects and might be recommended as a valuable component of a low-fat iet.


This paper deals with back analysis of dam coefficient based on the artificial multiplayer feed forward neural network, and provides a learing sample pretreating method based on the suggested model. The result shows the validity and rationality of the model and its sample proceeding method.


Construction industry often adjudged as engine of growth of a nation's economy. However, numerous stakes can be affected from the commencement to the completion of a construction project. Not addressing the expectations and concerns of stakeholders involved, has resulted in adverse project performance. The aim of the study is to assess construction project performance with the help of questionnaire survey based on stakeholders or beneficiary perception. The questionnaire was drafted to gauge the responder's perception on how they have benefitted from the newly constructed railway under pass. In this survey respondents are required to designate their reply on a five point Likert-type scale where 1 registers Strongly Disagree reaction and 5 point register's Strongly Agree reaction. Data was collected from 383 respondents using random sampling technique between May, 2018 and June, 2018. Only 357 number of responses are selected for analysis and the remaining are found to be unfit due to deficiency. Analysis (statistical) of data was done by statistical package for social science (SPSS) software. Overall, the results depicted that the respondents living nearby constructed railway under pass are immensely benefited from the project.Construction industry often adjudged as engine of growth of a nation's economy. However, numerous stakes can be affected from the commencement to the completion of a construction project. Not addressing the expectations and concerns of stakeholders involved, has resulted in adverse project performance. The aim of the study is to assess construction project performance with the help of questionnaire survey based on stakeholders or beneficiary perception. The questionnaire was drafted to gauge the responder's perception on how they have benefitted from the newly constructed railway under pass. In this survey respondents are required to designate their reply on a five point Likert-type scale where 1 registers Strongly Disagree reaction and 5 point register's Strongly Agree reaction. Data was collected from 383 respondents using random sampling technique between May, 2018 and June, 2018. Only 357 number of responses are selected for analysis and the remaining are found to be unfit due to deficiency. Analysis ...


The policy of Australian governments, both Commonwealth, state and territory, toward those organisations that comprise a third sector of the organised economy is patchy and piecemeal. Absent is any recognition that they constitute a distinct sector; absent too is any recognition of their contribution to economy, society and politics. Such a situation is not inevitable. After identifying some of the gaps and contradictions in Australian policy toward the third sector, this article outlines the many policy initiatives to encourage the third sector or social economy (in European Union terms) taken by the Blair government in the United Kingdom. Given that there is a good deal of policy borrowing between Australia and the United Kingdom, the stark contrast between the two countries in this policy field is puzzling. This article concludes by identifying four developments that led to this policy explosion in the United Kingdom and finds them largely missing in Australia. This leads to a conclusion that a similar range of policies are unlikely to develop here.


Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the nature of some soluble catalysts for low-pressure ethylene polymerization. Soluble catalysts for the low-pressure ethylene polymerization have been found which are less active than the best heterogeneous catalysts, but which are much more suitable for the basic research on chemical nature of the catalysts. The soluble catalytic system obtained from organo-aluminium compounds and Ti compounds in which the Ti atom is bound to two cyclopentadienyl groups. A crystallizable bimetallic complex has been synthesized which is a catalyst for the polymerization of ethylene. It can be concluded that the Ziegler-type polymerization catalysts are complexes containing organometallic bonds and more than one metal atom.


Abstract
 The main aim of this chapter is to identify key physiological factors underlying the initiation and growth of the storage root of beet, carrot, parsnip, and turnip. Additionally, life processes including dormancy, vernalization requirement, flowering, the production of secondary metabolites, and various aspects of growth are examined for each of these crops. Application of molecular biological techniques to horticultural crops has allowed for the identification of a number of genes underlying key plant processes such as root elongation and growth, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and flowering. As these crops turned into biennial plants, they adopted traits associated with cultivated crops, including cold hardiness, vernalization requirements, the ability to store for lengthy periods during the postharvest period, increases in sugars and decreases in astringent secondary metabolites, and increases in nutritional value. While these crops do not benefit from an extremely large research community as do other staple crops, significant advances in understanding of their form and function have taken place in the last two decades since the publication of this original volume. Yet much remains to be done.


a phonetic device to teach reading. The author first reported this device to the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in 1965 after working for several years to perfect it. The AEIOU&Y Method came out of the author's private practice in psychiatry, gradually taking shape in response to a child's needs as the by-product of long-term psychotherapy. Later, the author extended and used the method successfully to help other children in overcoming reading disability or to The AEIOU&Y Method of Reading: Theory and Technique H. C. TIEN, M.D. Lansing, Michigan initiate reading in normal children. The AEIOU&Y Method of Reading is based on a set of phonetic tables. This set of tables, in a sense, is similar to Pitman's Initial Teaching Alphabet (i.t.a.) in that both methods use the principle of mos t-similarity (which wi I I be discussed later in this paper). However, the AEIOU&Y Method of Reading uses the conventional alphabet of 26 letters to approximate sounds, whereas Pitman's i.t.a. uses an unconventional alphabet of 44 letters to further separate written phonetic forms. The AElOU&Y Method has the advantage of neither using a new alphabet nor requiring the child to re-transfer to the conventional alphabet. The author merely views the AEIOU&Y Method as a useful aid for teachers, remedial reading specialists and all others who are interested in helping children to read. Because the children in private psychotherapy and their mothers responded favorably to the AEIOU&Y Method, the author wrote a booklet (1964) for the general public to help children in overcoming reading disability, or to be used in a first program to "inoculate"children against reading disability. The author has also proposed that the AEIOU&Y Method be carefully tried in pilot programs for the


In 『Samguk Yusa』 , the history of Shilla is periodized in a fashion different from the one featured in 『Samguk Sagi』. It describes the history of Shilla in three eras, the 'Early ancient' period, the 'Middle ancient' period, and the 'Late ancient' period. Among them, the Middle ancient period, which is established as commenced with the introduction of Buddhism, could be considered the most distinctive characteristic of this kind of periodization. Then again, this kind of periodization only appears in the 'Chronological table' volume, and some scholars have argued that this volume actually did not come from Ilyeon himself. So, to be examined in this article would be, whether we could consider the periodization of Shilla history suggested in 『Samguk Yusa』 to be consistent with Ilyeon's own perception of the Shilla's history or not, and how he was periodizing the history of Shilla afrer all. First of all, cross-checking the 'Extraordinary things' volume with the 'Chronological table' volume, especially in each volume's 'Middle ancient' section, revealed a huge difference in both the documented contents and the fashion they were described. And the 'Extraordinary things' volume did not contain any reference to the periodization in question. This backs up the hypothesis that was presented earlier to suggest the possibility that the 'Chronological table' volume might have been 'added' (later some time). So, the previous belief which considered the Shilla history periodization featured in the 'Chronological table' volume as also part of Ilyeon's thinking should be reconsidered. In the meantime, we should also note that, in structural terms 'Extraordinary things' volume shows divisions in chapters and also in books(卷), which seems as a result of not some quantity problems but the author's very intention. 2nd book of this volume starts with the reign of King Munmu-wang, and it suggests that Ilyeon was considering the completion of the wee dynasties' unification (the state of 'Iltong Sam-han') to be very important, and also as a major breakthrough for the history of Shilla. Ilyeon established a unique historical structure viewing that the first dynasty Go-Joseon went through a period of division(from Sam-Han period through the wee dynasties period) and then the situation was resolved and the peninsula was unified under Shilla and that Shilla later went on to become Goryeo. In other words, Ilyeon considered the first unification ever, the unification which achieved 'Iltong Sam-han', as an important event which marked the beginning of a new era for the history of Shilla.


In the early half of the 19th century Hawks Crawshay & Sons — as it became — expanded to become the largest iron-based company on Tyneside. In the course of its history, the company was controlled by two families, Hawks of Gateshead for the fi rst 100 years or so, and the Crawshays for the last fi fty. Although the company reached its zenith in the second half of the century, by then it had been overtaken by the later establishments that came to dominate the North-East. In 1889 the company collapsed, apparently without warning. This paper is an account of the rise and fall of the company and is an attempt to recognise its contribution to the industrial development of the area. Hawks Crawshay & Sons was, in effect, established in the middle of the 18th century. Although legends abound, there is a dearth of reliable information about those early years when wrought iron was recycled at Gateshead. Accounts of the fi rm's early history have been written by Evans1 and by Manders2 but little research has been carried out on the later years of the company. Although this account is unavoidably incomplete — no company records have survived — the 19th century history of the company is examined in some detail, particularly the period after the Crawshays took a controlling interest at the time of the construction of the High Level Bridge between Newcastle and Gateshead. Comparisons are made with other companies in the area, particularly with John Abbot & Co. who were neighbours in Gateshead and were both collaborators and competitors. The ultimate sudden failure of the company is analysed in some detail.


Ghanavati F., J. Mozaffari., A. A. Masoumi., Sh. Kazempour. 2007. Morphological studies of pollen grains of Medicago species in Iran.Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 9(2):184-199. With more than 23 species of Medicago, Iran is one of the origins and centers of diversity of this genus. Due to close similarity in sexual organs and pod-characteristics, taxonomical classification of these species based on morphological characteristics is difficult. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study the major characteristics of pollen grain among Iranian Medicago species. Pollen grains were mostly tricolpate, but quadricolpate or hexacolpate pollen grains were also observed in one species. The equatorial view was elliptic to rectangular or spherical shapes and the polar view was obtuse-triangular, truncate-triangular or square tips. Majority of species showed reticulate (perforate, faveolate, regulate and, scrobiculate) and verrucate exine surface. M. rigiduloides with quadric or hexic colpate pollen grain was barely distinguishable from M. rigidula with tricolpate pollen exine surface. On the other hand, M. tornata with its spherical pollen and verrucate exin surface was obviously different from M. polymorpha with rectangular pollen grain and reticulate exine surface. This is the first report of M. rigiduloides and M .tornata from Iran.


Artificially intelligent systems, given a set of non-trivial ethical rules to follow, will inevitably be faced with scenarios which call into question the scope of those rules. In such cases, human reasoners typically will engage in interpretive reasoning, where interpretive arguments are used to support or attack claims that some rule should be understood a certain way. Artificially intelligent reasoners, however, currently lack the ability to carry out human-like interpretive reasoning, and we argue that bridging this gulf is of tremendous importance to human-centered AI. In order to better understand how future artificial reasoners capable of human-like interpretive reasoning must be developed, we have collected a dataset of ethical rules, scenarios designed to invoke interpretive reasoning, and interpretations of those scenarios. We perform a qualitative analysis of our dataset, and summarize our findings in the form of practical recommendations.


A group of 525 people, originally studied with reference to diabetes in 1946, were restudied in 1950 and 1953. In the original group there were 294 classified as normal, 70 as diabetic, and 161 as suspect because of postprandial hyperglycemia. In 1953, 292 subjects remained available for study, and it was possible to draw certain conclusions as to the characteristics of diabetic and prediabetic patients. Persons classified as suspect were eight times as likely as the normals to appear later in the diabetic group. Abnormalities of the eyes, heart, and great vessels were found much more frequently in the diabetic than in the other two groups. The predictive value of comprehensive physical examinations was evident, and it appeared likely that further studies of this sort may yield hints as to prophylaxis against diabetes and its complications.


Abstract : A general formulation of the rates of competitive unimolecular reactions is given and various relationships between the rates, and between the energetics, of competing processes are described. The relative and absolute rates of decomposition, C-C-C-C.-C-C* to .CH3+C5H10-1 to .C2H5 + C4H8-1, were measured at pressures from 0.004 to 90 mm Hg for vibrationally excited 3-hexyl radicals, chemically activated by the addition of hydrogen atoms to trans-3-hexene at 300C. Use of a quantum-statistical model for k sub E in the general relations provides good theoretical agreement with the experimental data at all pressures. The results can also be used to lead to either of two alternative conclusions: that D-null (CH3-H) - D-null (C2H5-H) is 5.4 kcal/mole, or that the difference in critical energies for addition of methyl to pentene-1, Em-null, and of ethyl to butene-1, Ee-null is Em-null -Ee-null = -0.4 kcal. In the second paper, evidence is presented that triplet methylene radicals may, under certain conditions, insert into C-H bonds.


An unusual combination of geological and geographical features, coupled with the enterprise of some prominent local landed families, provided the impetus for introducing Newcomen-type steam engines in the Rotherham area of South Yorkshire during the second half of the eighteenth century. This paper describes the circumstances surrounding the use of the technology and identifies the locations of eleven such engines discovered to date. Nine of the engines were used for pumping at collieries, although two of these may have combined pumping with winding. One engine may have been constructed for colliery winding only and another was dedicated to air blowing for blast furnaces. The general shapes and dimensions of most of the engine houses have been determined but the technical details of the engines were rarely recorded and, at the present time, are mostly unknown.


The fifth of November, 1792, toward eleven o'clock in the morning, Pierre Dezeaut, schoolmaster, and bell-ringer for the town of Coupvray, sent a lusty carillon echoing to the four corners of the sky. That day, in the little parish church lighted by candles and decorated with autumn flowers, was being celebrated the wedding of Simon Rene Braille, harness-maker, and Monique Baron. Relatives and friends filled the seats and the benches. There were Jean Baron, the wine-grower, a little stiff in his black suit; the mothers-in-law, Henriette Viret and Genevieve Auville, with beribboned hats; and the near relatives, the accidents, the Triolets, and the Lehogues of Coupvray, the Rigauts of Villeneuve-le-Comte, Old father Braille alone was missing, taken by a bad fever in 1782. In the choir, Monique and Simon, kneeling, were answering the questions of the priest. When the solemn moment came for the newly-weds to pass the ring, the Abbe Acrint recalled the dispensation of Monseigneur Thuin, the constitutional bishop, who had accepted the publication of a single ban instead of three, and began the traditionallittle speech. He spoke of the two old families of Coupvray from whom the young people came, of the Christian virtues of its citizens. He passed over in silence the customary flattery about their "perfect republican citizenship," for everything leads us to believe that the Brailles were very devoted to the old regime. Then he blessed their union... The wedding was merry. From their doorsteps, friends greeted the young couple affectionately. There were handclasps and congratulations: "Much happiness! ... Many children! .. ." Many children? Simon Rene and Monique were to have four of them. On November 5, 1793, Monique Catherine Josephine was born;·on March 9, 1795, a boy, Louis Simon; on January 15, 1797, Marie Celine: and on January 4, 1809, Louis, honored today by all blind people.


Marine organisms have developed a series of defense and adaptation strategies, permitting them to live and survive in peculiar environments, ranging from temperate to tropical and polar regions, high to low salinity areas and different light conditions, as well as are constantly exposed to variations induced by climate change and human activities. These defense strategies include the production of molecules and enzymes which may have applications for humans as well. In this review, we summarized the studies on bacterial and microalgal polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and antifreeze proteins, which can find applications in different market sectors, such as feed and cosmetic fields. For all the aforementioned compounds, the compound annual growth rate is expected to increase by 5.35–36.3% in the near future, as the market interest toward these products is on the rise. Both industries and researchers are focused on developing mechanisms to reduce production time and costs, improve yields, and discover new proteins.


Empirical-Scientific Model of Geography The article presents a philosophical-methodological conception of an empirical-scientific model of geography as an empirical science. It consists of an introduction and two parts. The introduction discusses the notion of philosophical-methodological models of geography and philosophical orientations. Part one addresses the philosophical-methodological foundations of the model, which are three successive philosophical streams: empiricism, logical empiricism (neo-positivism), and scientific philosophy. Part two offers a characterisation of the empirical-scientific model in terms of the principles of scientific philosophy embracing three chief problem areas: ontological, epistemological and methodological.


1. A method of determining synchronization of the User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network, comprising the steps of: determine a bandwidth (BW) transmission cell in the downlink; ! set threshold value out of sync (OoS) based on the downlink BW; ! monitoring at least one channel quality indicator of the downlink communications; ! comparing the channel quality indicator to a threshold OoS; and! when channel quality indicator below a threshold OoS, it is determined that the UE is not synchronized with the network. ! 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of monitoring at least one channel quality indicator of the downlink communication channel quality comprises averaging parameter values for the duration determined in response to the downlink BW line connection. ! 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an antenna configuration at a wireless communication network transmitter, and wherein the step of setting the OoS threshold based on the downlink BW comprises setting the OoS threshold based on the downlink BW and configuration transmitter antenna. ! 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of, after determining that the UE is out of sync (OoS):! monitoring at least one channel quality indicator of the downlink communications; and! when channel quality indicator exceeds the threshold value of synchronization (IS), determining that the UE is synchronized with the network. ! 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the IS threshold is the same as the threshold value OoS. ! 6. The method of claim 4 wherein the IS threshold otlichae


From some aspects of historical development, the concept of learning first and teaching second, the design principle of professional tool, the plot of script and the combination of theory with practice, the personnel training mode for movie sound creation was analyzed in this paper.