During the Paleocene and Eocene the extratropical Central Eurasia was the main seaway link of the contiguous south to north seaway system connecting the Tethys and Arctic oceans. The seaway extended from North Pakistan and India to North Siberia through a system of inland seas and straits and acted as a kind of heat transfer to the Arctic during this time. Before the emergence of the latitudinal Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt, the Tethys and its marginal seas to the north formed a continuous shelf area. The closest linkage of the water masses and exchange of biota between the Tethys and the Arctic ocean existed during the Thanetian and Ypresian. Latest Paleocene Early Eocene heat transfer developed both by waterand atmospheric currents at the midlatitudes of Central and Eastern Eurasia. From the end of the Paleocene or earliest Eocene onwards this system was complicated by latitudinally oriented straits that ensured the connection of the Northern Peri-Tethys with the Atlantic through the North Sea basin. The combination of two sea systems controlled the climatic history of the Central Asia regions from the Late Paleocene until the Late Eocene. During the Bartonian and Priabonian the West Siberian inland sea was isolated completely from the Arctic Basin during the last phase of marine sedimentation. It was connected with the Turan sea through the Turgai strait. Azolla beds accumulated periodically during eustatic sea level lowstands in fresh-water surface waters, and in dysoxic bottom waters inhabited stunted benthos during the Bartonian – earliest Late Eocene. During the Late Eocene eustatic rise of sea level the input of saline water from the PeriTethys increased and the West Siberian basin became normally marine again. The monsoonal subtropical climate during Ypresian – Early Lutetian was transformed to subtropical seasonal with semi-arid features during the Late Lutetian – Early Priabonian, up to subtropical to warm-temperate with alternations of humid and arid phases in the Late Priabonian.___________________________


: Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cusp deviation of teeth that had been repaired using a novel free Bis-GMA composite resin. Materials and Methods : Eighty freshly removed premolars (n=80) with Class II (MOD) cavities were employed in the study. The teeth will be separated into two equal groups (n=40) based on the kind of composite resin utilised, with each major group broken into two equal subgroups (n=20) based on the adhesive system. Subgroup a: Admira low-shrinkage composite resin with Futurabond DC adhesive system. Subgroup b: Admira, a low-shrink composite resin with G-bond. Subgroup c: Grandio Bis-GMA Containing Resin Composite with G-bond (subgroup c). Subgroup d: Futurabond DC with Bis-GMA Containing Resin Composite (Grandio). A universal measuring microscope and a laser horizontal metroscope were used to measure cusp deviation. Results: The considerable increase in cuspal deviation of cavities repaired using Bis-GMA Containing Resin Composite (Grandio) over the low shrinkage composite resin Admira was expected. Conclusion: Due to changes in the organic matrix of the material, Admira (Ormocer) has a good effect on limiting cusp deviation when compared to traditional Bis-GMA Containing Resin Composite (Grandio).


OBJECTIVE
Basal cell adenoma is a rare benign epithelial tumor of the salivary gland. The objective of this study is to present the CT findings of parotid basal cell adenoma. We also compare CT findings of basal cell adenoma with those of pleomorphic adenoma, the most common parotid tumor, to determine whether any features on CT can help differentiate these two entities.

CONCLUSION
Basal cell adenomas of the parotid gland are located chiefly in the superficial lobe. They are generally round, well-circumscribed tumors that show heterogeneous enhancement on CT. The age of the patient and the attenuation on unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT may help in differentiating basal cell adenoma from pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland.


A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2009 at Faizabad to study the effect of pinching and nitrogen fertilization on vegetative growth, flowering behaviour and yield of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Growth and flowering characters as well as flower yield were significantly influenced due to various pinching operations and nitrogen levels. Pinching reduced plant height, length of flower stalk and flowerdiameter of calendula; however, bud initiation and openingof first floret were delayed due topinching operation. Significantly more numbers of flowers plant−1 and yield of flower ha−1 were recorded when pinching operation was exercised at 30 DAT, showing an increase of 14.2 and 11.6% over the control, respectively. Response of crop to nitrogen fertilization was significant up to 100 kg N ha−1 for primary branches plant−1, number of leaves plant−1, opening of first floret, length of flower stalk, numbers of flowersplant−1, flower diameter and flower yield. Results further revealed that crop fertilized with 100 kg N ha−1 showed an increase of 11.7 and 82.1% in flower yield ha−1 over 50 kg N ha−1 and the control.


Thank you very much for reading introduction to industrial ergonomics a textbook for students and managers. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this introduction to industrial ergonomics a textbook for students and managers, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious virus inside their laptop.


The policy that the time limit of rural land contract right and the exchange of right of land use were established on the 3rd plenary session of the 15th central committee of the Chinese communist party has not achieved its desired results, and to make it worse, some phenomena contradicting the policy has arised. The character of the rural land use right is primarily embodied by its economic and legal qualities respectively. The system of the rural land use right, an innovative breakthrough, possesses some immediate significance and has a far reaching influence on the sustainable growth of the economy in the course of the transforming time, but there are some conflicts between different systems existing the practical operation. The departments and local authorities concerned should attach importance to the concrete operation system of the transfer right of rural land use in drawing up and revising laws and rules so as to enable the system to possess more concrete feasibilities.


Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a pediatric cancer driven by the EWSR1-FLI1 translocation. Despite decades of work, this cancer is still an enigma, with poorly understood biology and no targeted treatment. Our recent work published in Nature demonstrated a previously overlooked consequence of EWSR1-FLI1, that this fusion causes hyper-phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (pRNAPII) due to loss of EWSR1 inhibition of CDK7 and CDK9. We observed high levels of transcription and accumulation of R-loops. We therefore started to ask the consequences of these R-loops and noted that EwS is known to display altered RNA splicing. Interestingly, R-loops can be associated with splicing, and splicing defects, specifically mutations in SF3B1 and SRSF2, cause R-loop accumulation. Further, Dr. Hiom reported that the splicing machinery inhibits DHX9 (aka RNA helicase A; RHA) from causing accumulation of toxic R-loops. Of note, EWSR1-FLI1 interacts with and impairs DHX9 activity. With a genomic RNAi viability screen we determined that EwS cells are acutely sensitive to a loss of SF3B1 and SRSF2, more so than mesenchymal stem cells (a putative cell of origin for EwS). Further, SF3B1 and SRSF2 bind pRNAPII. Given the high levels of pRNAPII in EwS, it is possible that SF3B1 and SRSF2 may be sequestered by pRNAPII providing a basis of the R-loop increase. However, with EWSR1-FLI1 interacting with and inhibiting DHX9, accumulation of toxic R-loops may be prevented. In fact, a compound that inhibits EWSR1-FLI1:DHX9 interaction, YK-4-279, significantly decreases EwS viability. Based on these observations, we reevaluated Abstract changes in R-loops and viability between the aims with the goal of laying a foundation for future preclinical work.


A stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of Liraglutide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Shiseido C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm I.D., 5 μm particle size) column was used as stationary phase with mobile phase consisting methanol+acetonitrile (80:20): phosphate buffer (pH 3.0 adjusted with ortho phosphoric acid) in the ratio of 75:25, v/v. The flow rate was maintained at 1.2 ml/min and effluents were monitored at 245 nm. The retention time was found to be 2.837 minutes. The forced degradation studies were performed as per ICH guidelines under acidic, alkali, oxidative, thermal, photostability and neutral conditions. The drug peak was well resolved from the peaks of degraded products. From the degradation studies it is evident that the drug showed instability under acidic, alkali, oxidative, thermal, photostability and neutral conditions. The linearity of the method was observed in the concentration range of 10-60 μg/ml with the number of theoretical plates & tailing factor being 5550 & 1.17 respectively with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The percentage assay of Liraglutide was found to be 99.66%. The method was validated for its accuracy, precision and system suitability. The results obtained in the study were within the limits of ICH guidelines and hence this method can be used for the estimation of Liraglutide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.


Patient-driven innovations are infrequent events in the healthcare system. Many times, careful assessment allows us to appreciate very creative and indigenous solutions to routine clinical problems in the form of simplified technique or devices. Proper identification and diffusion of some of these practices might prove beneficial to other patients. Besides it, these small sparks of creativity rekindle the need for a good option of turning our patients into a partner in healthcare with their out of the box thinking. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Patient care, Interpersonal and communication skills, Communication, Improvement.


There is provided an intraocular implant for telemetric determining the internal pressure of the human eye which includes a main body of a biocompatible material and telemetry devices for determining and outputting a intraocular pressure characterizing electrical telemetry signal. The base body has an elongated shape and has longitudinally opposite ends, between which a contact surface extends, which is designed as a segment of a spherical surface and correspondingly curved.


I first met Professor Milton Sobel in late fall of 1989 when I joined the graduate program in the Department of Statistics and Applied Probability at the University of California, Santa Barbara. During my first three years, I was able to meet him several times, as his office was in the corridor of the department I joined. In the middle of Fall Quarter of 1992, I ran into Dr. Milton in the corridor, as usual. But this time, he asked me whether I was interested in or had ever heard about the statistical decision problems such as multinomial problems or the ranking and selection methodologies. After I answered that I did not know about those, he told me come to his office if I wanted to know more about his questions. Perhaps, this was the first step in what would result in my statistics career. We usually worked together about twice a week. One moment I vividly remember was when we were discussing a statistical problem that he assigned to me catechistically in question and answer form. Suddenly, his voice boomed. I was so confused, not knowing at the time that his hearing aid's battery ran out. Since then, the first job I had in the morning when I meet him, was to check his hearing aid battery. If his voice was getting louder, that was a sure sign that his hearing battery was running out.


This article deals with relatively young field of cryptography, namely cryptography based on the theory of infinite abstract groups. The research identifies the main problems on which this type of cryptography is based, and the cryptoanalysis conducts of one of the algorithms grounded on the problem of mating (conjugate) element finding, on the base of which the protocol for common key generating is developed. As the algorithm under study, the protocol for generating the common key based on Anshel-Anshel-Goldfeld algorithm, built on the algebraic braid groups, is investigated. During the study of this protocol, one of possible cyberattacks was identified, which allows to get hold of the secret keys of subscribers. To eliminate and to neutralize this span–cyberattack, the new modification of Anshel–Anshel– Goldfeld (AAG) algorithm was developed, which significantly reduces the probability of this cyberattack successful implementation. Analysis of this modification operating time was carried out also.


Presents a new method for finding real and complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors. We call this method the pole Gaussian method, since it was inspired by the Gauss-Seidel method. The idea is to use the approximate distance between the eigenvalue poles on the complex plane to iteratively calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. A proof of convergence is presented in this paper, and it is shown that, in some cases, accurate solutions can be obtained by a small number of iterations. The dependence of the convergence speed on the initial values is also investigated.<<ETX>>


The method for complex neutralisation and recycling of wastes of drilling, which accumulate in sludge sumps of the enterprises of oil exploratory investigation and extraction is considered. The method of decomposition for water oil emulsion with the addition of a coagulant and an oxidizer is offered. The separated sediment is mixed up with dry sludge and annealed so that a material for manufacturing of building products is obtained.


AIM: To investigate the effects of low dosage of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME)in two-week treatment on the hyperdynamic circulatory state in rats with cirrhosis. METHODS: Cirrhosis model was induced in male SD rats by injection of 60% CCl 4 oily solution subcutaneously.Cirrhotic rats were treated with L-NAME(0.5 mg·kg -1·d -1) by gavage for two weeks. Mean arterial pressure(MAP), portal pressure(PP), cardiac output(CO),cardiac index(CI), splanchnic vascular resistance(SVR), splanchnic blood flow(SBF) and serum nitrite levels were determined in L-NAME-treated,L-NAME-untreated cirrhotic rats and controls by using 57Co-labled microsphere technique and a fluorometric assay, respectively. RESULTS:Untreated cirrhotic rats had significantly lower MAP, SVR and higher PP,CO,CI,SBF and nitrite concentration than those of the controls (all, P0.01). In treated cirrhotic rats, L-NAME significantly attenuated the increase of CO, CI, SBF, nitrite concentration and the decrease of MAP and SVR.In treated cirrhotic rats, L-NAME induced a marked decrease of nitrite concentration than untreated cirrhotic rats[(1.471±0.907) μmol/L vs (4.204±1.253) μmol/L, P0.01]. CONCLUSION: The endogenous NO may play an important role in the changes of hemodynamics pattern in cirrhosis, and hyperdynamic circulatory state in rats with cirrhosis can be ameliorated by oral two-week administration of lower dose of L-NAME.


In the last few years plasmas have been used more and more in a great number of scientific and technological fields, and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) has been the most commonly used technique for their analysis. The usual optical system employed for plasma analysis is composed of a monochromator, a detector and an optical fiber, which must be calibrated to correct the different intensity response of each component in this system. For this calibration, the use of commercial halogen lamps is proposed as opposed to the commonly used ribbon lamp, involving lower economic cost. In the past few years plasma has been considered as one of the means that is best adapted to produce certain reactions that cannot take place using conventional chemical methods. In order to understand the possible advantages of a given plasma, it is necessary to know the energy available in it, mainly in the form of the kinetic energy of the electrons and heavy particles (such as atoms and ions), measurable by means of electron temperature T e and gas temperature T g , respectively. Other parameters of the discharge, such as the electron (n e ), atom (in several excited states, n p ), and ion (n + ) densities, also determine its capability for the excitation or ionization of the atom and molecules introduced into the plasma. Atom and ion densities describe the atomic state distribution function (ASDF) of the discharge, which informs how the atoms and ions are distributed in their different excited states. Moreover, this distribution describes the degree of thermodynamic equilibrium in the plasma, which is related directly to the processes (internal kinetics) that take place during the discharge and the possibility of using the plasma in different scientific and technological areas, for instance surface treatment, sterilisation of medical devices and chemical analysis of samples. Among all the techniques dedicated to the study of


For more than 50 years short-wave (SW) ultraviolet (UV) filters have been used with germicidal lamps [low pressure mercury arc lamps] in UV light assemblies (UV lights), see Warren (1983). These UV lights are what we FMS members use to fluoresce or "lamp" our SW minerals. The amount of UV radiation that a given filter can transmit decreases with exposure time by a process called solarization. The actual chemical process of solarization is beyond the scope of this article, but see Rentschler (1945 a, b), Baynton and Moore (1954), White and Silverman (1958), and Koller (1952). A glossary of terms is included at the end of this article.


Abstract On analogy with functions if Lebesuge class Lα on the real line the author considers those multiplicative arthmetic functions which are bounded in mean α>1. Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained in order that they should have a mean-value, zero or non-zero. An application is made to Ramanujan's τ-function.


The study of leadership started before ages. We found this study with a variety of academic details and in different framework. With the time culture also changed of an organization, it is now more complicated. Present corporate context requires a more efficient leader with clear vision and motivation power, instead of dominant personality. Transactional and Transformational leadership styles got notable attentions of many researchers from decades. This study explores the distinctiveness of Transactional and Transformational leadership from literature. Various differences have been drawn between these leadership styles to identify which one is more applicable for present corporate context. The paper concludes that both Transactional and Transformational leadership styles have weaknesses and strengths, although Transformational leadership style is more acceptable in present context.


In this paper we propose a new path planning algorithm for coverage tasks in unknown environments that does not rely on recursive search optimization. Given a sensory function that captures the interesting locations in the environment and can be learned, the goal is to compute a set of closed paths that allows a single robot or a multi-robot system to sense/cover the environment according to this function. We present an online adaptive distributed controller, based on gradient descent of a Voronoi-based cost function, that generates these closed paths, which the robots can travel for any coverage task, such as environmental mapping or surveillance. The controller uses local information only, and drives the robots to simultaneously identify the regions of interest and shape their paths online to sense these regions. Lyapunov theory is used to show asymptotic convergence of the system based on a Voronoi-based coverage criterion. Simulated and experimental results, that support the proposed approach, are presented for the single-robot and multi-robot cases in known and unknown environments.


not without sin, and needed the Salvation of the Cross, as we all do. The Lord, because He was born of a woman, born under the Law, was not thereby freed from the common human limitations. The" entail of sin" could not be "cut off," since a mother passes on the" entail" as much as a father, and we know that the first Christians thought of Jesus as tempted in all points like as we are. There is, perhaps, less objection to the phrase, " humanity in Him had a fresh start." What He achieved for us on the Cross, through the Resurrection and Ascension, and set free at Pentecost, was in Him to achieve from the first. We Christians, who are His Body, have had the fresh start against sin, and His Body began on earth by what we call the Virgin Birth. All this has been painfully crude and raw. We know nothing more than the least part of the mystery of the Lord's origin, and we may be thankful for the growth of doubts, the resolving of which will lead to a better appreciation of it. This is one of the matters for which the great Hindu prayer is appropriate: "The most excellent glory of the Lord, the Giver of Life; may He illumine our understandings." J. W. PARKER.


and developmental reading in the Goff Middle School, East Greenbush, New York. ■ When someone speaks of oral reading, many teachers probably visualize a circle of first graders taking turns reading out loud so their teacher can see how well they decode. There is another type of oral reading, howeverone person reading for the pleasure of listeners. This sort of oral reading requires the reader to understand and interpret the author's message and be able to convey mood and emotion. It is most effective when the reader has confi-


A modified method for polynomial smoothing and the calculation of derivatives of equally spaced step scan powder diffraction data is presented. The algorithm takes the angular dependence of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of diffraction peaks into account, is very effective, and easy to code.


Based on literature research,the criteria of brand environmental ecologicalization is established,and the main dimensions and key constituents of brand environmental ecologicalization,brand ecological management and brand relationshipquality are respectively delimitated.Then,based on the discussion of the mechanism of brand environmental ecologicalization,brand ecological management and brand relationship quality,a relation model is established.The empirical study shows that the higher the ecologicalization of location,supply resource,relational network and public base,the more beneficial to the brand ecological management in industry cluster and the better the brand relationship quality(such as brand satisfaction,brand trust and brand promise).In other words,brand environmental ecologicalization in industry cluster is beneficial for the enterprises to implement brand ecological management and to promote brand relationship quality.


TB is an infectious disease due to a problem in Indonesia is estimated every day 425 people died from TB in Indonesia. TB preventive behavior is done to reduce the rate of transmission of TB to people - people in the neighborhood. Knowledge of prevention of transmission of TB is the main provision to prevent the transmission and spread of pulmonary tuberculosis. The behavior may consist of knowledge, attitudes and actions. This research is a quantitative study with a descriptive correlative with the cross-sectional design. Sample has collected amount 60 patients were taken by random sampling. This objective study to determine the relationship of knowledge with pulmonary TB infection prevention behavior. The result study 96.7% of respondent knowledgeable low, 100% attitude supportive in the prevention of pulmonary TB and 100% behavior not support the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis. The linear regression indicates that there is a relationship of knowledge to the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis.


We report a simultaneous ROSAT and Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) observation of the X-ray-bright Seyfert galaxy IC 4329A. For the GRO Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) detector, we also present the sum of the data for this and earlier observations. The overall spectrum is very well described as a power law with an energy spectral index of approximately 1 absorbed at low energies plus a strong Compton reflection component, typical for Seyfert 1 galaxies. The low energy absorption can be well described by a sum of a neutral column density of approximately 3 x 10(exp 21)sq cm, most of which is associated with the edge-on galactic disk of IC 4329A, plus an edgelike feature at approximately 700 eV; this feature implies either complex absorption (due to additional ionized material, or due to a partial covering), or a soft excess. The data only weakly constrain the presence of a high-energy cutoff in the underlying power law; they are compatible with an exponential cutoff at any energy E(sub c) approximately greater than 100 keV. The relative steepness of the OSSE data, with the power-law energy index of 1.6 +/- 0.2, can be accounted for entirely by the contribution of the high-energy tail of the reflection component when E(sub c) approaches infinity. (We find that the definite cutoff at an energy E(sub c)approximately 130 keV suggested in the recently published analysis of the OSSE data for this subject is due to a data reduction error.) Including nonsimultaneous Ginga observations with 2 keV fluxes matching well that of ROSAT gives us likely broad-band X-ray/gamma-ray spectra of the object from approximately 0.1 keV up to several hundred keV. We also report the ROSAT spectrum of the companion object to the Seyfert galaxy, the elliptical galaxy IC 4329.


We propose a generalization of the quantum relative entropy by considering the geodesic on a manifold formed by all the invertible density matrices \begin{document}$ \mathcal{P} $\end{document} . This geodesic is defined from a deformed exponential function \begin{document}$ \varphi $\end{document} which allows to work with a wider class of families of probability distributions. Such choice allows important flexibility in the statistical model. We show and discuss some properties of this proposed generalized quantum relative entropy.


With increasing interconnect densities, voltage bounce noise in power supply lines is becoming an important problem. In this paper, we describe a method to measure voltage bounce in a power supply line on a chip. We use a voltage comparator circuit to make the output a digital value. We connect this circuit in series to output the results with less pins.


: This article aims to explain the various themes of classical Indonesian Sufistic scholars, where the writing of these classical Islamic texts was greatly influenced by the complexity of the life of Muslims in Indonesia during the classical period. This research is qualitative with historical research method. The source collection technique used is library research by searching for books, journal articles that discuss the following themes and direct tracing of Sufistic classical Islamic texts on the British Library website. Then followed by source criticism or selection of sources to be used, data analysis in the form of content analysis of the manuscript, finally historiography. The results of the study show that the various themes of classical Sufistic Islamic historigraphy in Indonesia show how the process of spreading and learning tarekat in the archipelago is not monotonous in the study of Sufism alone, but also includes studies related to everyday people's lives, starting with learning stories from the past. In the past, learning Arabic, combining traditional medicinal techniques with readings and prayers in the guidance of the Al-Qur'an Hadith, until reaching the problem of traditional community legal units, such as the inclusion of Islamic elements in the Minangkabau Customary Law. The local wisdom of the texts by Sufistic scholars, in this case, of course includes a very wide variety of things such as religious traditions, the diversity of understandings of Islamic content and various options for solutions in an effort to solve traditional problems and the culture of everyday people and so on, both both textual and contextual.


Hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) possesses the advantages of the LiDAR and the hyperspectral detection, and detects ranging and spectrum information synchronously, by one HSL system. The data fusion is also avoided. At present, the spectrum range of reported HSLs usually covers only 500 nm-1000 nm (from visual (VIS) to near infrared (NIR) band). However, there is requirement to extend the spectrum range to short wave infrared (SWIR) band, which often contains more useful spectral information. In this paper, a HSL covering the spectrum from VIS to SWIR is reported. In the HSL, the echoes are divided into two sections and are detected by the different optoelectronic devices, of which the spectral response ranges are respectively compatible to the corresponding echoes. The HSL detection experiment in the laboratory was carried out. The waveforms of the echoes were analyzed, and the spectra of different targets were measured by the HSL. The experiment results demonstrate the capability of the prototyped HSL that obtaining the ranging information and the spectrum information of the targets in VIS-SWIR bands synchronously.


But we have made progress over time, and today there are some things research is relatively clear on. One such finding is that reducing class sizes is unlikely to be the most effective way to increase attainment. Evidence summarised in the Sutton Trust-EEF Teaching and Learning Toolkit suggests that while reducing class sizes below 20 may have a moderate positive impact on attainment, above this level reductions are unlikely to have a large impact on grades. Put simply, compared to reducing class sizes there are likely to be other spending choices which lead to more impact for less money.


The effect of activity coefficient on gas hold-up of aqueous solutions of some inorganic electrolytes are studied at various concentration levels of the solution. From experimental data, correlations were derived relating the gas hold-up with the surface tension and activity coefficient of the solution in a bubble column.


This text describes the adaptation of Spanish academic libraries to a model marked by new developments including the new plan of university studies, CRAI or Open Access.


The evaporation from lakes Alexandrina and Albert (661 and 182 km2 respectively) consumes almost half of the South Australian water entitlement established under the Murray-Darling Basin Agreement. All components of the water balance of the lakes are uncertain due to difficulties of measurement, and its interpretation. Of these, evaporation has never been measured before and its estimates rely on the application of evaporation pans and arbitrary pan coefficients. A field method has been developed for evaporation measurement in which airborne spatial measurements are obtained using a GROB G109B research aircraft. These measurements are correlated to further measurements collected from fixed, but temporary ground eddy correlation stations and long term standard climatic stations. Statical 3-D mapping of sensible and latent fluxes has been undertaken to improve the understanding of the evaporation processes taking place, including sea- breeze effects and land-water-air interactions in the Planetary Boundary Layer. A simple 3-D model of the water-air interface has been constructed to examine water vapour transport in this region.


The gas turbine engine for an aircraft propulsion, the engine extending axially downstream from the upstream, and comprising a composite member (3), the metal member (2) and one of said members (2,3) fixed to a flexible means (4), said fixing means (4) together comprising: a flexible connecting element (5), which comprises a first fixing portion connected to the metal member (2) by an axial connecting member (Bl) ( 51) and is connected via an axial connecting member (B2) to the composite part (3) a second fixing portion (53), said connecting element (5) comprises an axially extending free end (55); and a rigid locking element (6) which by axial connecting member comprising (B1) a free end portion extending the fixed (63) is connected to the metal member (2) and axial (61), the free element (6) of the locking the free end of the end (63) and said connecting element (5) (55) radially aligned in order to limit the engine is operating when the deformation element (5) is connected.


The inappropriate genetic expansion of various repetitive DNA sequences underlies over 20 distinct inherited diseases. The genetic context of these repeats in exons, introns, and untranslated regions has played a major role in thinking about the mechanisms by which various repeat expansions might cause disease. Repeat expansions in exons are thought to give rise to expanded toxic protein repeats (i.e. polyQ). Repeat expansions in introns and UTRs (i.e. FXTAS) are thought to produce aberrant repeat bearing RNAs that interact with and sequester a wide variety of essential proteins, resulting in cellular toxicity. However, a new phenomenon termed 'Repeat-associated non-AUG dependent (RAN) translation' paints a new and unifying picture of how distinct repeat expansion bearing RNAs might act as substrates for this non-canonical form of translation, leading to the production of a wide range of repeat sequence specific-encoded toxic proteins. Here, we review how the model system C. elegans has been utilized to model many repeat disorders and discuss how RAN translation could be a previously unappreciated contributor to the toxicity associated with these different models. Introduction Repeat expansions and neurodegenerative diseases The presence of simple microsatellite repeats is a common feature of most genomes. These repeat sequences are usually replicated during mitosis and meiosis with high fidelity. However, they can undergo unregulated expansions in both somatic and germline contexts and produce offspring with increased repeat numbers as compared to the parents. Unregulated repeat expansions are the underlying genetic cause of at least 20 different disorders, most of which involve some type of central or peripheral nervous system neurodegeneration. Many of these disorders share common clinical features, including an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, an inverse relationship between disease onset and severity and repeat length, and major phenotypic effects in specific classes of neurons, although non-neuronal cells are sometimes also affected. In 1991, the first disease-associated repeat expansions were discovered in two genes – the fragile X mental retardation syndrome 1 gene FMR1 and the spinal bulbar muscular atrophy gene SBMA (La Spada, Wilson et al. 1991, Verkerk, Pieretti et al. 1991). Since then, repeat expansions have been associated with a wide variety of diseases, including many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's Disease (HD), multiple spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), Fragile X syndrome (FXS), myotonic dystrophy (DM1 and DM2) and C9orf72 associated Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Frontotemporal Degeneration (ALS/FTD). While the molecular nature of each repeat expansion varies, almost all repeats are GC rich. Disease-causing GC rich repeat expansions occur in many genetic contexts, including exons, introns, 3'UTR's and 5'UTR's. Repeats located in non-coding regions are hypothesized to exert their toxicity through the presence of repeat-bearing RNAs, which sequester various RNA binding proteins and result in their toxic functional depletion. Repeats located in coding regions are hypothesized to cause toxicity via their potential to encode amino acid repeats (i.e. polyQ), which form protein aggregates and overwhelm protein quality control mechanisms, leading to the wide-spread accumulation of damaged and misfolded proteins. Recently, another mechanism to explain the toxicity of repeat expansions, termed repeatassociated non-AUG dependent (RAN) translation, has emerged (Cleary and Ranum 2014). In RAN translation, repeat expansions in coding and non-coding contexts can be translated in all three reading frames to produce multiple repeatencoded peptides. This remarkable discovery was first made in 2011 while investigating mechanisms of toxicity in the CAG repeat expansion within the coding sequence of the SCA8 gene (Zu, Gibbens et al. 2011). Since then, RAN translated products have been found in patient samples representing several repeat expansion disorders (Cleary and Ranum 2014). The molecular mechanisms of RAN translation are just beginning to be studied and there are many unanswered questions (Green, Linsalata et al. 2016). For example, it is unclear whether the RNA substrate for translation is the unspliced pre-mRNA, mature spliced mRNA, or spliced out intron RNA (in cases where the repeat is intronic). Recent work suggests that RAN translation does require some canonical translational components, such as the 7'methylguaninie cap at the 5' end of the RNA (Kearse, Green et al. 2016, Green, Glineburg et al. 2017). Nevertheless, the data strongly suggest that RAN translation plays a significant but previously unappreciated role in the pathogenesis of repeat expansion disorders. In this review, we will discuss various diseases caused by repeat expansions and highlight how the unique advantages of the model system C. elegans have led to new and unexpected discoveries that have informed our understanding of these disease mechanisms. We will conclude by discussing how these models might be re-interpreted and further explored in the context of RAN translation. Developing C. elegans as a Model to Study Repeat Expansion Disease: advantages and disadvantages Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying repeat expansions disorders is experimentally challenging. Such mechanistic studies are not well suited to human subjects due to the limited availability of patient tissue, heterogeneous genetic backgrounds, and difficult ethical and technical considerations associated with gene manipulation in vivo. To circumvent these problems, several cellular or animal models recapitulating various aspects of repeat expansion mutations in various contexts have been developed, including yeast, worms, fruit flies, zebrafish, rodents, and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). It is critical to recognize that each of these models has their own unique mix of strengths and weaknesses and that no single model fully recapitulates disease pathogenesis. However, each model, through the uniqueness of their biology and experimental resources, illuminates distinct and conserved aspects of disease pathology. Utilization of each of these models is necessary if we hope to gain a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying repeat expansion pathogenesis. C. elegans are small (1 millimeter long), transparent nematodes that have been studied as a genetic model system for over 50 years. Worms offer several advantages not present in other model systems for the study of repeat associated genetic disorders. First, transgenic methods in C. elegans are highly efficient. Following the creation of a suitable DNA expression construct, transgenic worms expressing a repeat sequence of interest are obtained in ~ 1 week. Second, C. elegans are optically transparent across their entire lifespan, facilitating observation of neuron and tissue morphology in live animals, as well as subcellular localization of GFP fusion proteins. Third, C. elegans have a highly conserved genome with humans, with 60-80% of the ~20,000 worm genes having a human homolog. Fourth, the function of these genes can be rapidly inhibited, either using conventional mutants or RNA interference. Finally, ageing, which is a major risk factor for all repeat expansion diseases, has been extensively studied in C. elegans. Mutant animals that alter the rate of ageing allow us to ask how disease-associated toxicity is influenced by specific ageing pathways over the relatively short 2-week lifespan of the animal. Despite these experimental advantages, worms are not humans and cannot model all potential aspects of disease pathophysiology. C. elegans motor neurons lack astrocytes and glia, which play a significant functional role in several neurodegenerative diseases (Ilieva, Polymenidou et al. 2009). While worms possess a conserved primitive innate immune system (Ewbank and Pujol 2016), they lack adaptive immunity, which contributes to many pathological aspects of repeat expansion disorders (Cappellano, Carecchio et al. 2013). Similar limitations impact other model systems that are used to investigate repeat associated neurodegenerative diseases (Donnelly, Zhang et al. 2013, Haeusler, Donnelly et al. 2014, Jovicic, Mertens et al. 2015, Zhang, Donnelly et al. 2015, Boeynaems, Bogaert et al. 2016, Kramer, Carlomagno et al. 2016). Despite these limitations, C. elegans are a uniquely valuable model whose experimental advantages complement many of the limitations present in other systems for the study of repeat expansion disorders. Worm models of repeat expansions C. elegans HD and polyQ models Huntington's disease (HD) is a classic genetic disease caused by a single mutation, a CAG repeat expansion in the first exon of the huntingtin (HTT) gene (1993). Most people have ~20 CAG repeats in HTT, but patients with HD have 36 or more CAG repeats. People with 36-39 CAG repeats in HTT are at risk for developing HD, and people with 40 or more CAG repeats in HTT will develop HD at some point in their lifespan. There is a strong inverse correlation between the length of the CAG repeat and time of onset of HD, with the average age of onset ~40 (Wexler, Lorimer et al. 2004). These patients have degeneration of the striatum and cerebral cortex leading to mental, psychological and physical declines (Warby, Graham et al. 1993). There are several proposed pathological mechanisms thought to contribute to HD (Figure 1). One major hypothesis is that the long stretch of glutamines (polyQ) encoded by the CAG repeat present in the mutant HTT (mHTT) predisposes mHTT to aggregate, precipitating large-scale disruption of the cellular protein quality control system (Satyal, Schmidt et al. 2000). mHTT also disrupts HTT's normal role in autophagy and is believed to have a toxic gain of function interaction with the mitochondria (Ashkenazi, Bento et al. 2017). However, mHTT might not


Over the last years in Brazil and in the world, has been an increase of the consumption of fish from freshwater and marine. Animal foods have great potential to causing foodborne and the fish is no different. Trematodes and nematodes are common parasites in freshwater and marine fish. The nematodes of the Aniskidae's famally occur more frequently. Aniskiasis is a human disease caused by ingestion of larval nematodes belonging to the family Anisakidae. It is a parasitic disease with a worldwide distribution that presents some difficulties for the diagnosis in humans. The control of this disease can be done with a correct cooking of the fish and seafood at high temperatures over 60°C for 10 minutes and before eating raw fish or seafood, submit it at freezing temperature of -20°C for 24 hours for inactivation of the larvae.


Thirty patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), were given cyclophosphamde 60 mg/kg on each of 2 consecutive days, followed by total body irradiation (TBI) 10 Gy and an HLA‐identical bone marrow transplant (BMT). Eleven patients were in the accelerated phase of their disease (CGLacc) or in second/secondary chronic phase (CGL‐2CP), with a median age of 33 years: four patients died of transplant related complications, and four of recurrent leukemia; three patients are alive and well 19, 31, 33 months from BMT. The actuarial 33‐month survival is 27%. The actuarial relapse rate is 50%. Nineteen patients were in their first chronic phase (1CP), with a median age of 32 years: three died of graft versus host disease (GvHD), two of infection, and two of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); 12 are alive and well 6 to 29 months post‐BMT. The actuarial 29‐month survival is 63%. The actuarial survival of patients younger than 30 years is 63%, compared to 62% for patients older than 30 (P = 0.1). The survival of patients grafted within or after 24 months from the onset of CGL is respectively 87% and 45% (P = 0.04). None of the patients grafted in 1CP had a true hematologic‐cytogenetic relapse. The Ph′ chromosome was detected on one occasion in two patients 12, 13 months post‐BMT: they both remain hematologically normal and Ph1‐negative 3 to 6 months later, after discontinuation of cyclosporin A. This study confirms that survival exceeding 60% can be obtained in CGL in the first chronic phase, whereas less than 30% of patients will survive if grafted in accelerated, second/secondary chronic phase, mainly because of leukemic relapse. The duration of the disease seems to be relevant to the outcome of the transplant. The effect of post‐transplant immunosuppression, in our case cyclosporin A, on the interaction between normal and Ph1‐positive hemopoietic cells, may deserve further attention.


A sufficient condition for the stability of a swirling flow in a circular magnetic field, for the case of small spacing between cylinders, is established. A new branch of solution which corresponds to negative critical Taylor number is calculated.


Claude Levi-Strauss is one of the intellectual giants of the 20th century, a leading exponent of structuralism and a social anthropologist. Yet he is a very private and isolated figure who has been reticent about himself, and this book provides an insight into Levi-Strauss's character through a careful reading of the more speculative passages of his books and interviews. It is an introduction to Levi-Strauss and his work, which places the world-view of this great French writer in the context of 20th-century intellectuals' struggles to come to grips with cultural relativism and the problem of the primitive.


This study was aimed to report the presence of the genus Cobitis in the Karaj River, Namak Lake basin, Iran and clarify its taxonomic status by providing morphological characteristics, mtDNA COI barcode region and its phylogenetic relationship within the members of the genus Cobitis in Iran. The results revealed that morphometric, meristic and molecular (COI) characters of these specimen are largely overlapping or even identical with those of C. faridpaki . Therefore, we conclude that they are a population belonging to C. faridpaki .


This research investigates the factors that affect municipal use of and the impacts they experience with performance measures among mid-sized U.S. cities. The goal of this research project is to advance our knowledge about the adoption, use, and impact of performance measures among mid-sized cities. Several research questions were developed and a mail survey was administered to 670 city officials in cities with populations 25,000 to 250,000 in order to help provide answers to these questions. A total of 280 completed surveys were returned for a response rate of about 42 percent. Among the chief findings of this study are that larger mid-sized cities are more likely to adopt and use performance measures. Performance measures also are more likely to be adopted and used by cities that have a council-manager form of government rather than by cities with a mayor-council form of government. The performance results expected to be achieved by municipal officials respondents corresponded with the three reasons that local officials cited as being most important for adopting. Analysis indicated that there is very little, if any, "cognitive dissonance" with respect to the reasons offered for adopting performance measures and what local officials expected to see as a result of their implementation. The study's findings suggest that local officials in mid-sized cities believe that performance measures have real value for improving the quality of management and budget decisions. Moreover, they think that the information generated by these measures helps their cities to respond to citizen demands for greater accountability. In addition, many local officials believe that the use of performance measures has helped


As the date of the EU accession approaches, one can more and more often hear opinions within the EU — and especially in Austria — that the date of the accession should be postponed to a later date, and that agricultural assistance (compensations) should be unequally distributed — to the detriment of the newly joining countries. The essay draws the attention to the fact that the accession countries do not make a homogeneous agrarian region, they are countries with different endowments. The emerging problems should be examined and tackled separately in the individual countries. The development of the economy and the raise in the living standards would not only slow down the movement of labour (which is considered as a danger), but the increase of domestic consumption would aiso prevent the production of food surplus.


Hotel energy managers are finding that a cooperative and trained staff is a major factor in the success of conservation projects. Some managers go beyond training to offer cash bonus and other incentives. Training must be continuous because of the high turnover in personnel. Most of the training is geared to increasing employee awareness of conservation basics, such as turning off lights, heat, and air conditioning. It is as important for employees to take a personal interest in the size of the utility bill as it is for them to understand the sophisticated control devices. (DCK)


Twenty years ago, staff of the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Sydney produced a book entitled Fundamentals of Modern Agriculture. The book reviewed here is its successor. The authors are a new generation of Sydney agricultural and veterinary scientists. Its five sections, each composed of 4-9 chapters, cover soils, plants, animals, microbes and invertebrates, and agricultural economics. It is intended mainly for students of high schools, colleges and universities, although some chapters would be interesting and instructive for readers with a lesser knowledge of science. Many of the examples and illustrations are Australian, but the concepts discussed are of universal application. The four chapters on the soil and aerial environment include some of the more complicated concepts, especially in soil physics. Those on soil chemistry and pedology are easier-to follow, the latter being notable for its illustrations. The plant chapters are also well illustrated, and progress from plant structure and chemistry to crop and pasture production, and plant breeding. The 100 pages on animal biology contain a mixture of long chapters (on environment, reproduction, nutrition and behaviour) and shorter contributions (on growth, improvement, poultry, lactation and wool). The first group provide good coverage of their subjects although with inevitable simplification, and also some omissions. (e.g, no mention of the hormone melatonin in the chapter on reproduction; nothing on the energy value of animal products in the chapter on nutrition). The shorter chapters are in some respects less satisfactory. Thus the chapter on animal growth is poorly illustrated, and a mere three pages on wool seems surprising for an Australian book! Three introductory chapters on microorganisms, insects and other invertebrates are followed by one on plant and animal diseases and another on plant and animal protection. The structure of the last two (all diseases in one chapter, their control in another) seems unconventional, but is nevertheless effective.


Taking the domestic-made 300 MW generator transformer set as an example,the concept of realizing duplicate configuration of microprocessor-based protection for large generator transformer set was introduced as well as the design methods of AC current and voltage circuit,outlet circuit and signal circuit.Problems existing in the protection equipments were analyzed and the solution and suggestion were put forward.


In 16th–Century Europe, most political units were ruled by male rulers, to a certain extent, noble females also played a significant political role. These female leaders showed that their capacity to rule a country as good as that of men. The idea of woman's rule was gradually developed. Proponents proved women could rule a nation from the ancient history. Roman Catholics and some of Protestants who agreed with the idea of female rule suggested that it was illegal if people overthrow the political authority permitted by God. Nonetheless, radical Protestants suggested that women were inferior to men, and destined to obey men. Under these circumstances, Elizabeth I acceded to the throne of England in 1558 and became the Queen Elizabeth I. She faced a divided country in religion as well in politics. Threatens were from the Pope and Catholic countries in Europe during her reign. Queen Elizabeth I of England (1558-1603) continued the tradition of public image of fashion to strengthen her political position. Queen and her supporters fashioned public images with different valid media in order to strengthen her authority. Public images of Queen Elizabeth I have two major types. One is female type and the other is religious type. The female images consisted images of chastity, mother, man and female in one. The religious type included image of man or woman in the Holy Bible, the leader of Protestant, Holy and Providence. These images distinguished sovereignty of the Queen, and also consolidated the political status and authority of Elizabeth I. Keyword: England, Elizabeth I, image


As part of the Society of Ecological Restoration World Conference in 2015, we held a Global Peatland Restoration symposium, where we gave experts from around the world the mandate to provide an updated picture of peatland restoration in their part of the world and scan the horizon to identify challenges and opportunities to come. This special section was put together to make these valuable contributions available to all.


Objective:To observe the preemptive analgesic effect of tramadol hydrochloride and the meloxicam tablets applied before shoulder mobilization.Methods:Sixty-two patients with shoulder dysfunction were divided into treatment group and control group according to visiting sequence,31 cases in each group.Patients in treatment group were given tramadol hydrochloride 100mg and meloxicam tablet 7.5 mg before the joint mobilization,while patients in control group received no medicine before the joint mobilization.Visual analogue scale(VAS) of each patient 2 hours before the mobilization,during the operation and 2 hours after the operation were respectively recorded.Shoulder joint activity was also measure in each patient before the first treatment and five weeks later,including shoulder flexion,outreach,internal and external rotation angle.Meanwhile,compliance of each patient was assessed.Results:The average intraoperative and postoperative VAS in treatment group were remarkably lower than those of control group(P0.01).Obvious improvement of shoulder function was seen in treatment group compared with control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.01).The rehabilitation compliance of the treatment group was better than the control group(P0.01).Conclusion:The preemptive analgesia of tramadol hydrochloride and meloxicam tablets can alleviate the pain caused by joint mobilization,improve shoulder range of motion,and improve the compliance of patients.Therefore,this method is worthy of extensive clinical application.


The effect of sample synchronization on analog samples based differential protection is well known and understood. Sampling must be synchronized within an acceptable margin and samples taken at the same time, i.e., samples with equal timestamp values, are used in differential calculations. Given the importance of accurate synchronization, protective relays normally use supplementary information included with distributed time to determine time quality. But what if valid quality is sent with invalid time, and the relays are unaware of this ? An analysis of two 500KV line operations on California Oregon Intertie (COI) lines, both of which occurred on February 5, 2021, 15 minutes apart, led to answering the above question in great level of details. These events were re-created in multiple laboratories for testing and detailed investigations to determine the exact cause and effect sequence and the true root cause. Details of these investigations including field event records, synchronization and communication mechanisms, clock and relays behaviors, per the implemented algorithms are presented and explained in the paper. Thanks to the in-depth embedded debugging capabilities, root cause was conclusively determined for both events, using per message-based indicators and debugging data. Specifics of this detailed analysis, conclusions made, and corrective actions suggested are covered.


Mid-summer haying is a common management practice for prairies; plant species could differ in the effect of haying on subsequent growth and reproduction. We examined the effect of haying on prairie species by performing a clipping experiment. For each of seven species, sixteen plants were chosen and half were randomly assigned to a clipping treatment and half to a control treatment. Experimental plants (and surrounding vegetation) in the clipped treatment were cut to a ten cm height in summer for two years. Measurements of plant height and the number of inflorescences were taken on all plants prior to clipping in June and in the fall each year. For many species, clipped plants were smaller than control plants in the fall after clipping. However, after overwintering, there were few significant differences in plant size or reproductive output between plants that were previously clipped and control plants. Some species, however, did show persistent effects of clipping. For example, both plant size and number of inflorescences were reduced by clipping in Lespedeza capitata. Similarly, clipped plants of Amorpha canescens had fewer inflorescences the year after clipping compared to control plants. Future studies should examine long-term effects of haying on plant growth and reproduction, and explore whether such effects depend on plant life forms or flowering phenologies.


In this thesis, we compare different exploration methods in deep Qlearning networks. To this end, we select a subset of existing exploration strategies. This selection contains algorithms of Deep QNetwork and we compare -greedy, annealed, noisy networks and bootstrapped DQN. The networks are described, details discussed and the differences explained. We compare the different algorithms in different test environments. We show that in different environments the score is depending on the exploration method. As an end result of this research, we summarise the results in a framework as recommendations that can be used by companies to decide which algorithm to use for different problems. This framework is based on looking at the difference in performance, hardware requirements and problem setting. We show that different methods perform differently depending on the environment and we explain why this happens. Title: Performance of exploration methods using DQN Author: Tim Elfrink, firstname.lastname@example.com, 2521040 Supervisor: MSc Ali el Hassouni Second examiner: Prof.dr. Rob van der Mei Host organization: Mobiquity Inc. External supervisor: Dr. Vesa Muhonen Date: July 30, 2018 Business Analytics VU University Amsterdam de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam http://www.math.vu.nl/


In this paper , we suggested a new conjugate gradient algorithm for unconstrained optimization based on logistic mapping, descent condition and sufficient descent condition for our  method are provided. Numerical results show that our presented algorithm is more efficient for solving nonlinear unconstrained optimization problems comparing with (DY) .


The educational innovation of the Basic of Computer Application in higher vocational and technical in Film TV should pay attention to highly exert the function of the teacher'leading,and the student's main body,pay attention to various innovation,including teaching idea,teaching method,teaching means,examining method,and so on.At the same time,the feature and the effect of the teaching should be given prominence to,so that the orientation of education can be served for.


There is epidemiological and preliminary clinical evidence that exposure to moisture and mold growth is associated with wheezing and asthma in children. Lung function and challenge tests may find obstructive changes in the airways before clinically evident symptoms. The aim of the study was to evaluate lung function and bronchial reactivity in school children in a follow-up setting, and relate them to changes in mold exposure over a 3-year observation period. We performed flow-volume spirometry and an exercise challenge test by outdoor free running 3 years apart to the same 139 students from moisture-problem and control schools. The subjects were classified into four exposure groups: exposure continued, eased, started, and no exposure. There were no significant differences in spirometry or in the exercise challenge test among the children in the four different exposure groups. However, there was a trend that, on average, bronchial reactivity increased when exposure started, and decreased when exposure eas...


The 10MW high temperature gas-cooled test module reactor (HTR-10GT) with the core made of spherical fuel elements was designed and constructed by the Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology of Tsinghua University in China. In the HTR-10GT, turbo-compressor and generator rotors are connected by a flexible coupling and a decelerator. The rotors, restricted by actual instruments and working environment, must be supported without any contact and lubrication. Active magnetic bearing (AMB), is the best way to suspend and stabilize the position of rotors of HTR-10GT. In AMB system, the displacement sensors are designed for converting measured physical value into proportional electric signals and transferring it into the control and monitoring system. The characteristics and influence of circularity error of the axial displacement sensor detecting surface is analyzed according to AMB with five degrees of freedom. In order to reduce the circularity error of the magnetic bearing system, the sensor detecting surface requires high-precision machining.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


This paper argues that there are two firm lessons of White House organization that can he ignored hy Presidents only at their own peril: no. 1, a chief of staff is essential in the modern White House; no. 2, a domineering chief of staff will almost certainly lead to trouble. After outlining the argument for the first lesson, the hulk of the paper is devoted to a detailed examination of the conduct of the chief of staff office hy each of the four domineering chiefs of staff Sherman Adams for Eisenhower, H. R. Haldeman for Nixon, Donald Regan for Reagan, and John Sununufor Bush. Each of these chiefs of staff resigned under a varying degree of pressure after considerable controversy. The paper concludes that the preferred role for a chief of staff is that of a facilitator, coordinator, and neutral broker. At the superficial level a new President has a free hand in choosing how to organize the White House based on personal preference or management style. After all, the presidency is a very personal office. There are, however, two firm lessons of White House organization that can be ignored by Presidents only at their own peril. Lesson Number One: A chief of staff is essential in the modern White House. Lesson Number Two: A domineering chief of staff will almost certainly lead to trouble. The bulk of this paper will be devoted to arguing for the second principle: a domineering or "strong" chief of staff will likely lead to disaster.1 But first, the argument that a White House chief of staff is necessary will be outlined in order to put the second lesson into perspective. Dwight Eisenhower was the first President to establish the office of chief of staff, and he designated Sherman Adams as the person to run his White House. But after Eisenhower John Kennedy decided to be his own chief of staff and had no one staffer whose scope of duties was comparable to the sweeping authority Adams had in the 1950s. Lyndon Johnson sporadically tried to organize his White House and designate a chief of staff, but he was unwilling to delegate sufficient authority and remained in charge of everything himself. President Nixon increased the size of the White House staff and continued to centralize control because he distrusted the executive branch bureaucracy and even his own political appointees. H. R. Haldeman was his chief of staff and ran the White House with an iron hand. With Eisenhower and Nixon choosing to name a chief of staff and the two intervening Democrats choosing to act as their own, it still


Automatic Identification System (AIS) is one of the most prominent systems for monitoring vessel activity. Although significant advances in AIS coverage have been achieved in recent times, a vessel will typically still experience gaps in reception within its voyage. These gaps can vary from a few seconds to multiple hours depending on the route. A typical approach when dealing with these gaps when monitoring a vessel's voyage is to move from a pointal domain to a trajectory domain using a trajectory prediction algorithm. In this paper, we compare the performance of two trajectory prediction algorithms being (1) the Discrete Kalman filter (DKF) and (2) the Linear Regression Model (LRM). It is postulated that the DKF, with its added complexities in initiating the relevant parameters does not yield significant performance advantages over using a computationally simpler LRM.


OBJECTIVE
To observe the effects of xipayi mouth rinse of different concentrations on the activities of interleukin-6 (IL-6) from human gingival fibroblast (HGF) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

METHODS
HGF was stimulated with LPS at 25 g/mL, and the radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to examine the effect of xipayi mouth rinse at 12.5 approximately 200 g/mL on the secretion of IL-6 in the supernatant of the cell culture.

RESULTS
IL-6 secreted by human gingival fibroblast was significantly inhibited by xipayi mouth rinse in a dose dependent manner.

CONCLUSION
Xipayi mouth rinse can inhibit the secretion of IL-6 from HGF induced by LPS, suggesting the anti-inflammatory effect of xipayi mouth rinse to treat and prevent periodontal diseases.


UDC: 004.6:659.2:711.4:91(043.2) Author: Dominik Papeţ Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Alma Zavodnik Lamovsek, Ph. D. Co-supervisor: Sen. Lect. Samo Drobne, M. Sc. Title: Definition of Boundaries of Urban Areas using Delaunay Triangulation. Notes: 111 p., 5 tab., 87. fig. Key words: Delaunay triangulation, urban settlement, settlement boundary, GIS. Abstract This dissertation analyzes two different approaches, namely Delaunay triangulation and the buffer methodology, for the determination of the boundaries of urban settlements, and compares their advantages and shortcomings. We have developed a procedure for the determination of the boundaries of urban areas using Delaunay triangulation. The study was carried out on four suitable urban areas in Slovenia, namely Maribor, Jesenice, Postojna and Pivka. The study has taken into account some criteria for urban area boundary determination that had already been established, such as the maximal distance between buildings. In addition, it is introducing for the first time three-dimensional models that are using slanted distances between buildings. The computations and analyses were carried out using the computer program suite ArcGIS, on the basis of different renderings of spatial data, such as building registries and digital topography maps in the scale 1 : 25,000. We collected data in all four chosen urban areas using Delaunay triangulation; we have used the results obtained using the buffer method from the study by Prosen and coworkers (2008) titled "The importance of small and medium sized cities for the development of urban areas". Finally we compared the two sets of results, obtained using the two different methods, and evaluated the advantages and shortcomings of each of the two approaches. We found the Delaunay approach better, as it takes into amount slanted distances and altitudes, removes small data clusters (with areas smaller than 30,000 m2 ), calculates the results in 3D and improves their 2D rendering.


Thermal evolutionary models of the asteroids and the moon based on the hypothesis of electrical inductive heating by a dense primordial solar wind are compared with observation. Inferences (derived from spectroscopy) of asteroidal mineralogy when compared with electrical heating models, the variation of cooling rates recorded in iron meteorites, and the occurrence of the lunar magma ocean event lend support to the hypothesis of inductive heating. A high primordial solar rotation rate and magnetic field together with the loss due to plasma outflow of a substantial fraction of the initial solar mass would follow.


reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) 1 Favorable lifestyle reduces CVD risks in hypertensive patients 1 2 Chuan Gao 3 4 1. Department of Genetic and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. NY, 5 USA. 6 7 Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, remain the leading 8 cause of death worldwide, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year (1). The cause of CVDs is 9 extremely complicated and multifactorial, including genetics, certain disease status, and lifestyle factors. 10 CVD has a substantial genetic component. It is estimated that CHD and stroke heritability ranges 11 between 40-50% and around 40% respectively (2-4). In addition, CVD risk is considerably elevated by 12 certain disease status. In particular, hypertension has been demonstrated as one of the strongest risk 13 factors for CHD and stroke, and it has been found to precede the development of heart failure by an 14 average of 14 years (5, 6). 15


The presence of immigrants has the potential to produce significant changes in the social and cultural fabric of a city, although they may equally well remain essentially invisible. In the present article I discuss the presence of Polish immigrants in the urban space of Reykjavik. Since the first decade of the 21st century, Poles have been the largest non-native nationality in the island, this being the fourth such case in the world – aside from Norway, Ireland and the United Kingdom. The numerical dominance of Poles among immigrants to Iceland is such that immigrant, or foreigner, is frequently considered as synonymous to Pole. Does this predominance of Poles among immigrants translate to their visibility in the urban space? In what ways do they mark their presence? In the article I analyze the presence and activity of Poles in the spheres of culture, local politics, business and sports. I describe Polish organisations and associations, and events held by the Polish diaspora. Some of those are focused on cultivating the culture of the country of origin and on integration within the group, thus being typical Oddiseyan associations; the purpose of others is to facilitate the adaptation of Poles to the host society, and to promote Polish culture within the host society– thus they are reminiscent of Rubiconic associations, to refer to Daniel Joly's wellknown classification. In the article I consider the question: which among the Polish initiatives have gained visibility among the hosts and have the potential to become relatively permanent fixtures of the cultural map of Reykjavik. Is the potential of the Polish diaspora in terms of organisation and culture sufficient to reach a wide audience of Icelanders and foreigners of other nationalities, and to gain their interest?


The importance of applying theory to practice has always been a major consideration for occupational therapy training, especially at a pre-qualification level. The focus of this article is on continuing education at a post-basic level with the emphasis on self-assessment and reflective practice in clinical work. The educational process is related to self-directed learning, with recommendations for consideration for implementing a strategy to bridge the theory-practice divide and develop clinical excellence.


Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)is a chronic lung disease that commonly occurs in preterm.Since the 1980s, with the advances in perinatal care, survival rate of preterm has been raised, while BPD continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for premature infants.However, the treatment effect of BPD is unsatisfactory.It is urgent to search for innovative ways to reduce the respiratory injury that caused by BPD as well as to improve the quality of life.In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells′(MSC)research has provided a new way for the treatment of BPD.This review primarily summarizes the current status of the MSC therapies and its possible mechanism on BPD.

Key words:
Mesenchymal stem cell; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Anti-inflammatory; Regenerative repair; Paracrine


The objective of the present experimental research was to find the isolated (individual) and combined training effect of aerobic dancing and resistance training on the component of body composition. For this purpose, sixty type-2 diabetic patients from in and around Karaikudi town, Sivaganga District were chosen as subjects. Their age was 40 to 45 years. The chosen patients were divided into four groups, each group consisting of 15 patients. The group-1alloted for aerobic dancing, group-2 allotted for resistance training and group -3 allotted for combined training of aerobic training and resistance training and group-4 served as a control group. The body composition was chosen as a dependent variable and it was measured by BMI observation. It was tested to the patients before and after the 12 weeks of the training intervention. The data of body composition was statistically analyzed with the tool of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), to find the significant differences among the groups. To find out the significant differences between the groups, the Scheff's Post Hoc Test was used. The result of the study showed the 12 weeks of isolated (individual) and combined training of aerobic dancing and resistance training have produced significant positive alteration on body composition.


The main goal of this article is to investigate the 𝐷-homothetic deformation of an almost alpha cosymplectic manifold. Some results on almost alpha cosymplectic manifolds using 𝐷-homothetic deformation are obtained. Finally, an illustrative example is given on such manifolds


Objective: Assessment of relevance of IL-6 (-174G>C, -596G>A) genes polymorphisms in the etiology of preterm delivery (PTD). Material and methods: Study group: 150 women with PTD (22+0 36 + 6 gw.); controls: 150 women who delivered > 37 gw. Genetical analysis was performed by PCR/RLFP method. Results: In PTD group -596GA genotype (48.6 vs. 42.7%) and -596AA genotype (24.7 vs. 21.3%) occurred more frequently. PTD group was divided into subgroups: a) delivery between 22-28 gw. b) 28-32 gw. and c) 32-36+6 gw. Higher frequency of -596A allele (57.89 vs. 42.67%, p = 0.05), -174CC genotype (47.4 vs. 24.0%, p = 0.03), and -174A allele (65.8 vs. 50.0%. p = 0.04) in the subgroup 28-32gw. was observed. Interesting noted fact was overrepresentation of coexistence of -174GC genotype with -596GG genotype (-174GC/-596GG) in the control group in comparison to the study group (10.7 vs. 2.0%, p = 0.00166). Furthermore, only in the PTD group coexistence of -174GC/-596AA genotypes has been observed (1.3 vs. 0.0% in controls). Conclusion: Significant correlation between -596G>A, -174G>C IL-6 gene polymorphisms and PTD risk has been shown. Analysis of the prevalence of genotypes and alleles of investigated polymorphisms suggests the most significant role of polymorphic variants of IL-6 gene in the etiology of PTD in women delivering between 28 and 32 gw.


This study developed a PDA‐based wireless‐communication radiation measuring instrument using Bluetooth. The proposed system is composed of Student Radiation Monitor of Vernier using GM (Geiger‐ Mueller) counter tube as a radiation measuring sensor, LabPro of Vernier as a module for data collection, Promi ‐SD 101 of Initium, which can make Bluetooth communication up to 30 m, for wireless data transmission, and HP 5550 embedded with Pocket PC 2003 as OS for data storage and display. Because GM counter tube is used as a radiation measuring sensor, the system cannot measure radiation energy but measures count volume and count rate. When the result of natural radiation measuring by the PDA‐based system was compared with that by a PC‐based system, it was found that the proposed system transmits and receives data without distortion.


The Angola Company of Guangxi Hydroelectric Construction Bureau practices construction technology management standards and assessment system,project group monthly construction planning system,and innovated concrete placement technique design system.It focuses on improving systems and techniques so as to enhance productivity.


This paper presents a simple, direct method for deriving the approximate, small-signal, average model and control strategy for three-phase diode bridge rectifier operating with electronic smoothing technique. Electronic smoothing inductor (ESI) performs the function of an inductor that has controlled variable impedance. This increases power factor (PF) and reduces total harmonic distortions (THDs) in mains current. The ESI based rectifier enables compact and cost effective design of three phase electric drive as size of passive components is reduced significantly. In order to carry out stability and voltage regulation studies, the average, small-signal, dynamic model and control strategy of the ESI is developed and validated by simulation and laboratory measurements.


Quality of Service(QoS) is the the performance level of a ser vic offered by the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to user, which is an important topic of WSNs. The goal o f Q S is to achieve a more deterministic network behavior. QoS of WSNs is an extension of the multi-ob jective optimization problem, which is modelled as a optimal model with constraint of network connecti on. The QoS must satisfy the multi-objectives such as energy consumption, bandwidth, delay jitter, packe r loss rate. In order to search the optimal solution of the QoS of WSNs, we propose a multi-objective immune co-ev olutionary algorithm (MOICEA) for QoS of WSNs. The MOICEA is inspired from the biological mechanis ms of immune systems including clonal proliferation, hypermutation, co-evolution, immune elim ination, and memory mechanism. The affinity between antibody and antigen is used to measure the optimal set of QoS, and the affinity between antibodies and antibodies is used to evaluate the diversity of population a nd to instruct the population evolution process. In order to examine the effectiveness of the MOICEA, we compare its performance with that of genetic algorithm (GA) in terms of four objectives while maintaining network c onnectivity. The experiment results show that the MOICEA could obtain promising performance in efficientl y searching optimal solution by comparing with


Presented at the 1963 Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards Luncheon. Fogarty talked about growing public distrust of "big
 science" and "big government" at the time, and how to respond to critics, using solid information about funding
 decisions and priorities (and the beneficial outcomes). He also discussed the importance of basic research, and scientific
 education, and gave a good summary of what the public got in return for this support, including "cracking of the genetic
 code." He also addressed fears that government funding might endanger research quality, a point his critics often raised.


Focusing on the ballad "Sandman Joe" from Francis Place's collection of flash ballads remembered from his youth, this article tracks how and where bawdy ballads were performed in London in the 1780s in order to understand better the soundscapes of late eighteenth-century London. Questioning narratives that assume the "civilizing process" begins with the middling sorts and spreads belatedly to the lower orders, attention to bawdy urban ballads makes visible the complex dynamics affecting elite and popular culture in the late eighteenth century and the subsequent desire to affix stable meanings on to urban space.


Summary The studies reported here demonstrate temporally related changes in pituitary hormone release and levels of cAMP following stimulation with either TRH or LVP. They thus strengthen the postulation that cAMP is a second messenger in the action of releasing hormones on the pituitary. However, a divergence between hormone release and pituitary cAMP levels was noted in several instances. Therefore, a definitive role for cAMP as mediator of anterior pituitary hormone release was not established. These studies also show target gland hormone feedback in vitro can inhibit releasing factor produced elevations of pituitary cAMP levels and suggest such an action may be a method by which target gland hormones inhibit tropic hormone release.


Combining the Guangdong Qinglian expressway super large bridge abutment design and construction process,this article introduced in carbonate rock dissolution and low mountain on the bridge abutment of special design.


On the basis of the recently determined crystallographic structure of the delafossite YCuO 2.5 , we argue that the Cu-O network has nearly independent Δ chains, with however different interactions between the s = 1/2 spins, owing to the different angles, distances and coordinations of the Cu ions. Although band-structure calculations are still lacking, motivated by this observation we study here the sawtooth lattice for different ratios of the base-base and base-vertex interactions, J bb /J bv . By exact diagonalization and extrapolation to the infinite-size limit, we show that the elementary excitation spectrum is the same for total spins S tot = 0 and 1, but not for S tot = 2, and has a gap only in the interval 0.48742(2) ≤ J bb /J bv ≤ 1.53(1). The gap, dispersionless for J bb = J bv , acquires increasing k-dependence as the ratio J bb /J bv moves away from unity, with the minimum energy excitations for k = 0 (k = π) when J bb /J bv 1). Finally, we show that the gap closure is related to the instability of the dimers in the ground state as the difference between the interactions increases.


Background The intestinal flora can influence behavior through the microbiota-gut-brain axis and is closely related to the occurrence and development of nervous system diseases such as depression. Probiotics like Lactobacillus may regulate the balance of the intestinal flora and play an active role in preventing and treating depression. Methods Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice (n=32) were randomly and equally divided into a normal control group, a control + Lac group, a model group, and a model + Lac group. The model and model + Lac groups were intraperitoneally injected with 1.2 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide for 7 days, and the behavior of the mice was assessed 24 hours later. The normal and model groups received intragastric administration of saline daily, while the control + Lac and model + Lac groups were given 109 cfu Lac intragastrically daily for 7 days. The inhibitory effect of Lac and its fermentation products on depression-related bacteria were examined in vitro. Results Lac effectively inhibited the production of depression-like behaviors in mice. The expression levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and E-cadherin in the small intestine in the model group were significantly decreased, but Lac abrogated this effect. Overactivation of microglia and decreased expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) in brain tissues, which are closely related to depression, were also abrogated by Lac treatment. Furthermore, the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3), as well as the level of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the intestine and brain, were all significantly increased; however, these effects were subsequently abrogated by Lac. Moreover, Lac inhibited dysbiosis through its metabolites. Conclusions Lac has a remarkable antidepressant function, which it performs through the inhibition of dysbiosis (via its metabolites) and pattern recognition receptor TLR4 signaling.


Mycoplasma bovis, a serious cause of bovine respiratory disease often associated with other bacteria and viruses, is prevalent worldwide including Turkey. It is difficult to control because antibiotics are becoming increasingly ineffective and commercial vaccines are not available. The aims of this study were to detect infective agents causing respiratory disease in a calf rearing unit in Turkey to determine antibiotic susceptibilities of the strains isolated and to carry out molecular typing. In diseased lungs from calves dying of pneumonia we found M. bovis to be present in all samples of acute and chronic diseased tissue. Mannheimia haemolytica was detected mostly in chronic tissue (39 %) while the reverse was true for Pasteurella multocida with most isolations from acute tissue (25 %). High minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were seen for most antibiotics against M. bovis: tylosin, tilmicosin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin with MIC50s of >32 μg/ml, intermediate-sensitivity to florfenicol, spectinomycin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin with MIC50 of 8 μg/ml, and susceptible to lincomycin, clindamycin and tulathromycin with MIC50 of 1, 0.25, 0.25 μg/ml respectively. While all tested isolates of both M. haemolytica and P. multocida were resistant to gentamicin, P. multocida isolates showed resistance rates of 100 % to erythromycin and tylosin, 88 % to trimethoprim-sulphametoxasol, 75% to tetracycline and tilmicosin, 50 % to tulathromycin and enrofloxacin. The resistance rates of M. haemolytica isolates were 90 % to erythromycin, 75 % to tylosin, 64 % to tetracycline, 55 % to trimethoprim-sulphametoxasol, 36 % to tilmicosin, 18 % to enrofloxacin, 9 % to marbofloxacin, florfenicol, ampicillin and penicillin. Finally, M. bovis could be divided into two distinct genetic clusters by molecular typing tests. *Correspondence to: Nıcholas RAJ, The Oaks, Nutshell Lane, Farnham Surrey, UK, E-mail: email@example.com


The objective of this study was to determine the cardinal temperatures of sweet potato and to compare the simulation of node appearance with the plastochron model (linear) and with Wang and Engel model (nonlinear) and the best way to input air temperature in the models. Model calibration and test were conducted with data of number of nodes on the main stem of sweet potato, cultivar Princesa, collected in experiments carried out in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, at seven planting dates in 2010, 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. Better model predictions were obtained using the cardinal temperatures of 12, 30 and 40 oC. The plastochron and Wang and Engel models showed similar performance. The version of the models that uses mean temperature as input was superior to the version with the minimum and maximum temperatures as input. Both models can be used to simulate the development of sweet potatoes when it is cultivated in the recommended period. Outside this period it is suggested to use the Wang e Engel model.


Summary There are three common methods for measuring surface strain as a consequence of stress release in trees: (a) the Nicholson technique, (b) the CIRAD-Forêt method, and (c) by strain gauges. This article describes how each method works, the extent of its uses, why measurements are not directly comparable between methods, the source of known and potential errors, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method based on our own experience. Each method has unique advantages and disadvantages. The Nicholson method is able to determine the average longitudinal strain within a volume of wood and the 'simplified' version of the procedure is suitable for a large number of field measurements without causing severe damage to the cambium. The CIRAD-Forêt method does not measure strain but it gives a good estimate of the longitudinal surface strain and suits routine field measurements. The strain gauge method measures the surface strain (in longitudinal or tangential directions) directly and more accurately than the other two methods, and particularly suits fundamental research. The major disadvantage of the Nicholson and CIRAD-Forêt methods is the amount of cambium injury caused by debarking, which limits their use on small trees. Also, the Nicholson 'primary' procedure is error prone. The major disadvantage of the strain gauge method is the ongoing costs as strain gauges are not cheap and may not be reusable. This paper also gives a brief account of other, less widely used methods.


Nanostructured ZnO modified electrodes have been fabricated by co‐electrodeposition with eosin Y onto F‐doped SnO2 (FTO) coated glass, and their application for cholesterol biosensor was studied. For cholesterol application, cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) was immobilized onto the ZnO/FTO electrode via physical adsorption. Cyclic voltammetric measurements showed that the ChOx/ZnO/FTO is sensitive to cholesterol and the optimal solution pH for the ChOx/ZnO/FTO electrode for detecting cholesterol was 6.7. Besides, the redox peak current densities are proportional to the square root of scan rate, or ν1/2, indicating the electron‐transfer process is diffusion limited. The sensitivity, linear detection range, and the limit of detection for the ChOx/ZnO/FTO electrode are 3.01 mA⋅cm2⋅M−1, 1.1∼4.83 mM, and 20 μM, respectively.


This paper explores the problem of designing enclosures (or physical cases) that are needed for prototyping electronic devices. We present a novel interface that uses electronic components as handles for designing the 3D shape of the enclosure. We use the .NET Gadgeteer platform as a case study of this problem, and implemented a proof-of-concept system for designing enclosures for Gadgeteer components. We show examples of enclosures designed and fabricated with our system.


From the formula of electric potential stirred up by a point charge, We deduced the space distributes of a u-niform charged disk' s electric potential.


Generally, transportation costs account for approximately half of the total operation expenses of a logistics firm. Therefore, any effort to optimize the planning of vehicle routing would be substantially beneficial to the company. This study focuses on a postman delivery routing problem of the Chiang Rai post office, located in the Chiang Rai province of Thailand. In this study, two metaheuristic methods—particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE)—were applied with particular solution representation to find delivery routings with minimum travel distances. The performances of PSO and DE were compared along with those from current practices. The results showed that PSO and DE clearly outperformed the actual routing of the current practices in all the operational days examined. Moreover, DE performances were notably superior to those of PSO.


DC traction networks that supply power to trolley-buses, tramcars and trains can be simultaneously used to integrate fast-charging stations for Electric Vehicles (EVs). This strategy improves the traction grid utilization of urban transportation systems. In addition, it offers a potential solution to the increasing requirement of charging infrastructure due to proliferation of plug-in EVs and the associated impact on the existing distribution network. This paper suggests that the use of multi-port converter based integration of EV chargers with dc trolley-bus network can be a preferred solution in terms of defined efficiency boundary. A sensitivity analysis to charging power, substation distance and section length of overhead contact system is performed in comparison to the conventional two-port dc/dc converter based EV integration.


"The church serves as a symbol of the coming future. It sees in the past not only the evolutionary development all our culture recognizes, but also the hand of a transcendent God who has entered into that past in such a way as to indicate a future reality toward which we may move… The idea of a God who calls us ahead, rather than a Judge who holds us to past decrees, is an idea that both vitalizes and threatens the structure of the organized church."


Magnesium fluoride-supported palladium and ruthenium appear to be useful catalysts in the reaction of CCl2F2 (CFC-12) hydrodechlorination; after doping Pd/MgF2 with gold the selectivity for CH2F2 increased from ≡70 to almost 90%.


The natural history domain is rich in information. For hundreds of years, biodiversity
researchers have collected specimens and samples, and meticulously recorded the how, what, and where of these objects of research. To retrace this information, however, deep knowledge of the collection and patience is necessary. Whereas traditional access methods (e.g., analysing paper logs of specimen finds) can be used for smaller collections, the sheer size of most current natural history collections prohibits this. At the same time, information technology has advanced to the point where it is able to capture the intricacies of biodiversity collection information and provide the first steps towards full digital access. The need for collection information access is dire, as lack of access impairs our ability to answer questions about species biodiversity, diversity and change through time (Scoble, 2010). Examples from the young field of biodiversity informatics stress that in order to assess and tackle problems such as predicting a species' reaction to changing environment or prioritisation of preservation policies, digitisation of and access to (large) collection databases is imperative (Guralnick & Hill, 2009; Johnson, 2007; Raes, 2009; Soberon & Peterson, 2004). Although much progress has been made, for example with the Global Biodiversity Data Portal (Berendsohn et al., 2010), many collections have not yet been (fully) digitised. In this contribution, we first present a new approach to collection digitisation, as well as a novel collection registration management system (CRS) as implemented at the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity (NCB Naturalis). The new approach to digitisation at NCB Naturalis implements a cascaded digitisation approach: in parts of the collection that have not yet been digitised, first a shelf or drawer is assigned a unique ID in the CRS, along with a description of the specimens contained within it. Whenever the shelf or drawer is revisited, the new policy dictates that specimens that are taken and used from this set be recorded in the CRS. Furthermore, the CRS is linked to taxonomic resources, which enable integration with reference sources. We present two use cases that illustrate the benefits for smarter collection
information management systems, employing natural language processing techniques.


We investigate QCD corrections to the cross section and differential distributions for $p+\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Q+\overline{Q}+X$, where $Q$ and $\overline{Q}$ are heavy quarks. We calculate the order-${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$ corrections to the parton reaction $g+g\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Q+\overline{Q}$. At the quark level this involves the computation of the virtualgluon contributions to the reactions $g+g\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Q+\overline{Q}$, and the soft and hard contributions from the reaction $g+g\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Q+\overline{Q}+g$. Results are given for the cross section and differential distributions for the range of $p\overline{p}$ collision energies available at CERN and Fermilab. A comparison is made with the recent data from the UA1 Collaboration.


Three different kinds of mechanical model are built by changing the cross-sectional area of the frame columns.Based on nonlinear finite element theory,a system which is composed of shell and reinforced concrete frame structure is analyzed by using finite element program ANSYS.In the analysis,the K8 grid shell affected by the changes of the frame structure is analyzed systematically under the earthquake loading.


Despite many improvements in the recognition of graphical elements, even the best implementations of Optical Music Recognition (OMR) introduce inaccuracies in the resultant score. These errors, particularly rhythmic errors, are time consuming to fix. Most musical compositions repeat rhythms between parts and at various places throughout the score. Information about rhythmic selfsimilarity, however, has not previously been used in OMR systems. This paper describes and implements methods for using the prior probabilities for rhythmic similarities in scores produced by a commercial OMR system to correct rhythmic errors which cause a contradiction between the notes of a measure and the underlying time signature. Comparing the OMR output and post-correction results to hand-encoded scores of 37 polyphonic pieces and movements (mostly drawn from the classical repertory), the system reduces incorrect rhythms by an average of 19% (min: 2%, max: 36%). The paper includes a public release of an implementation of the model in music21 and also suggests future refinements and applications to pitch correction that could further improve the accuracy of OMR systems.