The problem of restoring a (pseudo)Riemannian manifold  from a given Ricci operator was studied in the papers of many mathematicians. This problem was solved by O. Kowalski and S. Nikcevic for the case of three-dimensional locally homogeneous Riemannian manifolds. The work of G. Calvaruso and O. Kowalski contains the answer to the question above for the case of three –dimensional locally homogeneous Lorentzian manifolds.
For the four-dimensional case, similar studies were carried out only in the case of Lie groups with a left-invariant Riemannian metric. The works of A.G. Kremlyov and Yu.G. Nikonorov presented the possible signatures of the eigenvalues of the Ricci operator. However, the question of recovering a four-dimensional Lie group with a left-invariant Riemannian metric from a given Ricci operator remains open.
This paper is devoted to the study of the eigenvalues of the Ricci operator on four-dimensional locally homogeneous (pseudo)Riemannian manifolds with a four-dimensional isotropy subgroup. An algorithm for calculating the eigenvalues of the Ricci operator is presented. A theorem on the restoration of such manifolds from a given Ricci operator is proved. It is established that such possibility can happen only in the case when the prescribed operator is diagonalizable and has a unique eigenvalue of multiplicity four.


A can be estimated clogging of the filter by a method other than measuring fluid pressure. A filter monitoring system 1 of the present invention is attached to the filter device 2, the detecting vibration of the filter device 2, and the vibration information transmitter 3 for transmitting vibration information based on the vibration, the vibration information transmitter based on the vibration information transmitted from the device 3, characterized by having a clogging guess device 4 to infer the clogging degree of the filter, wherein the filter device 2 has. .Field


1 The responses of neurones in forelimb motor cortex to impulse volleys evoked by single pulse electrical stimulation (at 1.5 or 2 times the threshold for most excitable nerve fibres) of the superficial radial (SR) and ulnar (UL) nerves of the contralateral forelimb were studied in awake cats both resting quietly and walking on a horizontal ladder. Nerve volley amplitude was monitored by recording the compound action potential elicited by the stimulus. 2 In the resting animal 34/82 (41 %) cells yielded statistically significant responses to SR stimulation, and 20/72 (28 %) responded to UL stimulation. Some responses were confined to or began with an increase in firing probability ('excitatory' responses) and others with a decrease in firing ('inhibitory' responses), typically including a brief interruption of the spike train (zero rate). Cells responding to both nerves usually yielded responses similar in type. Most (78 %) response onset latencies were less than 30 ms. Responses involved the addition or subtraction of from 3.4 to 0.1 impulses stimulus−1 (most < 1 impulse stimulus−1). The distribution of response sizes was continuous down to the smallest values, i.e. there was no 'gap' which would represent a clear separation into 'responsive' and 'unresponsive' categories. Responses were commonest in the lateral part of the pericruciate cortex, and commoner among pyramidal tract neurones (PTNs) than non‐PTNs. 3 During ladder walking most cells generated a rhythmic step‐related discharge; in assessing the size of responses to nerve stimulation (20 studied, from 13 cells) this activity was first subtracted. Response onset latencies (90 % < 30 ms) and durations showed little or no change. Although most cells were overall more active than during rest both 'excitatory' and 'inhibitory' responses in both PTNs and non‐PTNs were often markedly reduced in large parts of the step cycle; over some (usually brief) parts responses approached or exceeded their size during rest, i.e. response size was step phase dependent. Such variations occurred without parallel change in the nerve compound action potential, nor were they correlated with the level of background firing at the time that the response was evoked. When responses to both nerves were studied in the same neurone they differed in their patterns of phase dependence. 4 The findings are interpreted as evidence for central mechanisms that, during 'skilled', cortically controlled walking, powerfully regulate the excitability of the somatic afferent paths from forelimb mechanoreceptors (including low threshold cutaneous receptors) to motor cortex. Retention (or enhancement) of responsiveness often occurred (especially for ulnar nerve) around footfall, perhaps reflecting a behavioural requirement for sensory input signalling the quality of the contact established with the restricted surface available for support.


text-music relation, this is surely the best attempt yet to accept and comprehend this extraordinary music on its own terms. Again, the original form is lost because Berlioz destroyed it after a thorough revision, making it harder to be sure about the connection with the play. Rodgers notes how Berlioz apparently recapitulates a phrase from the prologue 'in the correct key, E major' (p. 128). But the sequence of composition was the reverse: Berlioz inserted into the muchrevised prologue a direct anticipation of the love scene. Rodgers's point that this 'forges the closest connection' of this theme with the person of Romeo is surely correct, but as the 'recapitulation' comes very near the end of the love-scene, as one of Berlioz's characteristically delayed dominants, it cannot there refer to Romeo's first declaration. But this is no criticism of a sensitive and insightful piece of analysis. More small points: perhaps literature surveys need not be rigorously chronological, but credit should go where it is due. Rodgers leads (p. 18) with a comment by D. Kern Holoman, and then adds that Cone 'echoes Holoman'; but Cone's wide-ranging, penetrating, and path-breaking study is by far the earlier. Holoman, writing in 1997, actually echoes Cone.6 Rodgers calls a section of the finale of Symphonie fantastique (his first music example) 'the Dies Irae' (sic: pp. 17, 20). But 'the Dies Irae' is the second movement of Berlioz's Requiem, grandly built through intensified melodic rotation. I was surprised that Rodgers excludes any sonata-form element from Berlioz's La Tempête, although – as with the symphony composed the same year, 1830 – sonata form is only part of the story. The book is excellently written, and its origins as a thesis need deter no one willing to take seriously the musical discussion of music. Readers should not neglect the notes, some of which are as important as the main text; it is a pity that they are relegated to the end since CUP has recently shown itself not unwilling to place them at the foot of the page. All in all, Rodgers's scrutiny of Berlioz's music is not only imaginative, and informed by generous reference to prior analysts, but – as is not invariable in Berlioz studies – it is also accurate (the missing  in the fifth chord of Ex. 4. 4, p. 79, is a misprint, and the analysis is correct). In every important respect, this is a most welcome development in the critical and analytical literature on this complex and eternally fascinating composer.


ANSOLYSENANDANSOLYSENRETARD Pharmaceutical Specialities (May &Baker) L.td. announcethe introductionof pentapyrrolidi~lUm. bitartrate (M&B2050A)a ganglionic 10~kmg agent,underthe brandnameAnsolysen. This product is indicated inthe treatment of casesofsevere essential and malignant hypertension, arteriosclerosis with hypertension, and hypertension associated with renal disease and peripheral vascular disease.Ansolysen reduces blood pressure much more readily than hexame~honium salts, and a greater percentageof fahentsareresponsiveto oraladministrationthan IS. ~he case with the earlier compounds. Addlhonally, the hypertensiveeffectofasingledose ?f Ansolysen, whethergivenorally or parenterally, IS much more prolonged than that of hexam:thonium,the durationofeffective hypotension Wit? Ansolysen tablets being from 6-8 hours, WhIlst when the drughas beengiven parenterally the average is5 hours. Supplies: for oral administrationtablets of40mg. and200mg.,for subcutaneousinjection solutions of0.5 per cent and 2.5 per cent, and Ansolysen Retard 2.5 per centin polyvidone solution with 0.5 per cent e~hedrine hydrochloride. This latter solution gIVes a prolongedeffectfor maintenancetreatment.


Comparison of spectrophotometric methods of definition the aluminum by different techniques with use as painting reagents aluminon, xylenol orange and ferron is spent. On the basis of comparison of the re-ceived results and their errors the most exact has been chosen spectrophotometric method of definition the contents of aluminum with use as a painting reagent the ferron.


Our aim has been to delineate the role of the major signal transduction pathways believed implicated in the control of thyroid function and growth: the cAh%P-, epidermal growth factor (EGF) (tyrosine kinase)-, and protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated mechanisms. The experimental model used was our system of thyroid follicles of human origin cultured in suspension under serum-free conditions in which the follicular three-dimensional structure is retained. The phorbol ester 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) time and dose dependently (10-11-10-7 M) inhibited TSH-stimulated thyroid functions (CAMP formation, iodide uptake and organification, and Ts secretion). TPA also inhibited such forskolin- and 8-BrcAMP-stimulated effects, suggesting that the attenuation of the cAMP-dependent pathway occurs at steps both pre- and post-CAMP formation. The effects of TPA were mimicked by another PKC activator, phorbol 12,13dibutyrate, but not by a phorbol ester that fails to activate PKC, 4a-phorboll2,13-didecanoate, and were reversed by staurosporine, a PKC inhibitor. The TPA actions seem, therefore, to be PKC-mediated. EGF exhibited a time- and dose-dependent (0.02-8 no) restraining influence on the above TSH-stimulated differentiated functions, except for cmP, which was enhanced. EGF also blunted such forskolinand 8-BrcAMP-induced response parameters, suggesting inhibition at a post-CAMP locus. Regarding cell proliferation, during the initial stages of culture (day 2). TPA dose deoendentlv (10W11-10-7 M) attenuated cell nrolifeGati&, but subseqiently (diy 7 of culture) the same doses of $PA stimulated cell multiplication. The TPA-mitogenic and antimitogenic effects could not be mimicked by 4c+phorbol-12,13-didecanoate and were reversed by staurosporine, thus indicating a PKC-mediated pathway for such TPA actions. EGF, on the other hand, only enhanced cell proliferation at a late stage (coincident with the TPA-mitogenic effect). TSH (0.5 U/liter) inhibited both the mitogenic and antimitogenie actions of TPA as well as the cell-proliferative influence of EGF. In conclusion, the data demonstrate mutual antagonistic interactions between the signal transduction pathways: the PKC and EGF (tyrosine kinase) pathways seem to inhibit TSH (cAMP)-mediated human thyroid cell differentiation, whereas TSH attenuates PKCmediated thyroid cell mitogenesis and antimitogenesis as well as EGF-mediated cell proliferation. (EndocrinoZogy


This article deals with calculation possibilities and the control of basic parameters of beer on the basis of knowledge of two parameters. The importance of this method increases with the development of craft beer production in our country (mini-breweries, home brewing). The calculations are based on Balling's equations, alcohol factors and attenuation quotients, which have been published unchanged since at least 1876. In Balling's time, they were used to determine an extract with a specific gravities of 17.5 °C/17.5 °C. In current brewing, specific gravities of 20 °C/20 °C are used. For this reason, new alcohol factors of apparent attenuation were derived, and based on linear regression, regression coefficients of the dependence of the alcohol factor of apparent attenuation on the extract in original wort were calculated. Some variants of calculations based on two input parameters were incorporated into the beer composition calculator using formulas that replace extract and alcohol tables. The accuracy of the results from the calculator was checked with analyses from the Anton Paar automatic analyzer and with analyses obtained by the distillation method. The calculator is available at www.balling.cz.


This extensive bibliographic note is concerned in going through the text, pointing out the basic features of each essay, in order to highlight each essay specific contribution. The reason for this option is the fact that "Tornando-se Livre" (Becoming Free) carries out a comprehensive review of the abolition process and depicts about the legal acquisition and forms of freedom pre and post-abolition. Following, the work seeks to points out some significant topics in the text.


The Galerkin method is one of the most used methods for finding numerical solutions of ordinary and partial differential equations. Its simplicity makes it suitable for many applications. In this paper we show that the wavelet-Galerkin method is an improvement over the standard Galerkin method for ordinary differential equations.


Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are known to be highly complex systems which can be applied to a variety of different environments, covering both civil and military application domains. As CPS are typically complex systems, its design process requires strong guarantees that the specified functional and non-functional properties are satisfied on the designed application. Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) and high-level specification languages are a valuable asset to help the design and evaluation of such complex systems. However, when looking at the existing MDE tool-support, it is observed that there is still little support for the automated integration of formal verification techniques in these tools. Given that formal verification is necessary to ensure the levels of reliability required by safety critical CPS, this paper presents an approach that aims to integrate the Model Checking technique in the CPS design process for the purpose of correctly analyzing temporal and safety characteristics. A tool named ECPS Verifier was designed to support the model checking integration into the design process, providing the generation of timed automata models from high-levels specifications in AADL. The proposed method is illustrated by means of the design of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, from where we derive the timed automata models to be analyzed in the UPPAAL tool.


The relationship between acculturation and depression in a sample of 1,510 Puerto Ricans residing in the U.S. was examined. Acculturation was measured by assessing subjects' spoken, preferred, read, and written language. Depression was evaluated by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The scale yielded a three-factor structure for depression that included depressive affect/somatic, interpersonal, and positive affect dimensions. Low acculturation was associated with low positive affect. Higher acculturated men reported high levels of depressive affect/somatic symptoms. No curvilinear relationships were found. Implications of these findings for working with culturally diverse clients are discussed. KEY WORDS: acculturation; CES-D; depression; Latinos; mental health ********** Demographic changes and global trends are contributing to a greater ethnic diversity in the United States. This "diversification" has important implications for the social work profession. For example, the Standards for Cultural Competence in Social Work Practice (NASW, 2001) charges social workers with the ethical responsibility to be culturally competent. Cultural competence, which entails acquiring culturally relevant knowledge and applying it to specific client situations "enable[s] a system, agency, or professionals to work effectively in cross-cultural situations" (NASW, 2000, p. 61). To meet this challenge, it is essential to gain a greater understanding of the unique factors that impinge on the lives of culturally diverse clients. One such factor is acculturation level, the extent to which a person has acquired and adopted new cultural information as a result of contact with the values, behaviors, and institutions of the host culture (Locke, 1992). Acculturation can greatly affect psychological functioning as it entails adjustments in person-environment fit for responding to new sociocultural conditions (Ramos, 1997). The present study examined the relationship between acculturation level and depressive symptoms among Puerto Ricans on the mainland. The relation between these two variables has been documented, but the nature of this relation varies (Rogler, Cortes, & Magaldy, 1991). Furthermore, with few exceptions, this research has rarely taken into account culturally specific expressions of depression. This oversight needs attention, given data suggesting cross-cultural differences in the ways psychological distress may be manifested (Cortes, 2003). For some Puerto Ricans, the disruption of their person-environment fit in the face of cultural differences is compounded by a myriad of hardships associated with oppressive conditions. As a result, many are likely to need social services. An understanding of the complex interplay of acculturation and psychological distress, as well as the preferred modes to express this distress, can strengthen a social worker's cultural competence and ability to deliver culturally relevant services. PUERTO RICANS Puerto Ricans are the second largest Latino subgroup in the United States. Although they share some common characteristics with other Latinos, Puerto Ricans are very distinct. Part of this diversity stems from differences in national origin, racial and ancestral backgrounds, self-ascription, historical time depth, and the way they come into contact with mainstream society. For example, Puerto Ricans born on the island are U.S. citizens at birth, can be subject to military draft, and do not have to comply with immigration laws to enter the mainland. Yet, those residing in the island do not have the right to vote for president or to have a voting representative in Congress. Puerto Ricans migrated in significant numbers to the mainland between 1946 and 1964 (Parrillo, 2000). Their numbers rose from just over 2 million in 1980 to more than 3.4 million in 2001 (Parrillo; U.S. Census Bureau, 2001). Their migratory pattern, which appears circulatory, a back-and-forth movement between the island and mainland, is due in part to basic economic factors, particularly wages and employment conditions in both Puerto Rico and the United States (Rivera-Batiz & Santiago, 1994). …


One of the numerous methods for determining the upper limit of individual aerobic metabolism is the Conconi test. It is a simple, non blood-based test, which can give an indication of an athlete's condition or state of training. It is an extremely reliable and powerful predictor of performance in an aerobic exercise. It is based on the correlation between the anaerobic threshold and a deflection point in the heart rate during an incremental exercise test. The reason why some authors have questioned the validity of the concept is the fact that no uniform HR response could be expected from all individuals during incremental exercise. Although physiological mechanisms behind the heart rate deflection point phenomena have still not fully been analyzed and there are still some open questions regarding this method being used to determine the anaerobic threshold non-invasively, in practice it is an easy-to-apply and accurate method to use on subjects presenting a heart rate deflection.


There are about 600 copies of Dongba pictographic manuscripts collected in Yenching Library of Harvard University.The postscript of Dongba pictographic manuscripts denotes to the narrative characters written by Dongba priests at the end of Dongba pictographic manuscripts when they were copying them.The study of these characters is of significance to the research to the development of the culture of Dongba especially to the social position of modern Dongba's sacrifice as well as the cultural exchanges among different parts of the region.


Abstract : We discuss the implementation of a quadratic transportation algorithm on massively parallel computer architectures with hypercube communication networks. The implementation is optimal in the sense that it requires effectively O(m(sub O)m(sub D) over P) operations to perform one iteration of an m(sub O) x m(sub D) problem using P processors. Peak computing rates of 3 GFLOPS are achieved by the algorithm on a 64K Connection Machine CM-2.


1. A 28 year old female professor first experienced numbness in the right arm which persisted for about 3 days then completely subsided. Couple of weeks later, she experience a right foot drop. This progressed over 24 hours and resolved in 10 days. She was fatigued, hypersensitive to light with diminished left visual field. She also experienced Lhermitte's sign. What is the diagnosis? A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis B. Multiple myeloma C. Multiple sclerosis D. Guillain Barre syndrome


The present invention relates to a minimally invasive cervical fusion system. The system includes an intervertebral cage adapted to be positioned between the plates forming the two or more bone screw bores having a vertical axis passing between the two adjacent cervical vertebrae. In addition, the present invention also provides methods for minimally invasive cervical fusion system. In one aspect, the method implants or structural bone in a space between two adjacent steps of infiltration in the joints after the cervical vertebrae, and disconnect the joint and then to step to increase the space between two adjacent cervical vertebrae, the two adjacent vertebral by placing the graft includes the step of inducing lordosis around the joint to contract after the step of holding the separated state, and two horizontal loaf.


In a recent edition of an American textbook of neurology, the distinguished authors, in giving a reference to a paper written by me on certain reflex phenomena, were at pains to warn their readers that the paper in question "should be read with caution as not free from insular prejudices." Perhaps I may be allowed to preface my remarks on the training of the neurologist by expressing the hope that they will be found to bristle with these same prejudices; that is, with views which, although they may not command general approval, represent the fruits of my experience and express my personal convictions. That there are limitations inherent in such a method of approach is clear, but it has the merit that by it discussion is more likely to be stimulated than by a series of colorless generalizations, or counsels of perfection. Nevertheless, in the endeavor to take as broad


We discuss the possibility of obtaining model-free bounds on volatility derivatives, given present market data in the form of a calibrated local volatility model. A counterexample to a widespread conjecture is given.


Lead-acid batteries have been the most widely used energy storage units in stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) applications. To make a full use of those batteries and to improve their lifecycle, high performance charger is often required. The implementation of an advanced charger needs accurate information on the batteries internal parameters. In this work, we selected CIEMAT model because of its good performance to deal with the widest range of lead acid batteries. The performance evaluation of this model is based on the co-simulation LabVIEW/Multisim. With the intention of determining the impact of the charging process on batteries, the behaviour of different internal parameters of the batteries was simulated. During the charging mode, the value of the current must decrease when the batteries' state of charge is close to be fully charged.


In this article, we present an orthogonal

 L

 -contraction mapping concepts and prove a fixed point theorem on orthogonal complete Branciari metric spaces. As an application, we apply our major results to solving integral equations.


We propose a scheme for performing an entanglement-swapping operation within a quantum communications hub (a Bell like measurement) using an NV-centre's ∣ ± 1 ⟩ ↔ ∣ A 2 ⟩ ?> optical transition. This is based on the heralded absorption of a photon resonant with that transition. The quantum efficiency of a single photon absorption is low but can be improved by placing the NV centre inside a micro cavity to boost the interaction time and further by recycling the leaked photon back into the cavity after flipping its phase and/or polarization. Throughout this process, the NV is repeatedly monitored via a QND measurement that heralds whether or not the photon absorption has succeeded. Upon success we know a destructive Bell measurement has occurred between that photon and NV centre. Given low losses and high per-pass absorption probability, this scheme should allow the total success probability to approach unity. With long electron spin coherence times possible at low temperatures, this component could be useful within a memory-based quantum repeater or relay.


Through the type approval test of 34Mn6 steel manufactured with casting machine of round billets,the results show that w[H]in the steel attains 2.5×10~(-6)in 10 min.of deep vacuum time and 2×10~(-6)in 13 min.of deep vacuum time with existing raw materials as well as other processes remaining constant at 2~#VD vacuum furnace and normal weather. Moreover,the deep vacuum time must be extended over 2 min.for the same w[H]when it rains.


Geographically, location of Bangladesh is vulnerable to earthquake and one of the most earthquake-prone areas in the world which recently has been come to recognize by scientists and stated that it is positioned at the juncture of several active tectonic plate boundaries. Because it is bounded by the regions of high seismicity that include the Himalayan Arc and shillong plateau in the north, the Burmese Arc, ArakanYoma anticlinorium in the east and complex Naga-Disang-Jaflong thrust zones in the northeast. Although Bangladesh is extremely vulnerable to seismic activity, the intensity and nature of this activity is still unexplored. Unfortunately, there is lack of complete earthquake monitoring equipments and resources in Bangladesh. In the year 1954 a seismic observatory was established at Chittagong by the Meteorological Department of Bangladesh which remains the only observatory in the whole country.


Often fleeing from the administration of the very state they belong to, refugees present a unique anomaly in the current system of nation-states. In a world where ethnicity and nationalism, two essential components of identity, have been successfully tied to the state via territory, refugees are faced with difficult choices. Solution to the refugee situation focus on placing the refugees in a territory to which they can attach their identity in the form of citizenship. This paper looks specifically at Eritrean Refugees in the Sudan telling the story of the formation of national identity among a people exiled from a nation in transition. With Eritrea, the "war" was a clear fight for the right to self-determination of a people within that territory. This paper examines the existence of Eritrean wartime national identity and its fixation onto refugee consciousness through the formation of a three-way national myth focusing on the construction of the common enemy, suffering masses and national hero. In addition, this paper looks at the formation of social capital among refugees in the Sudan leading to the creation of civil society and finally the changing emphasis in land tenure tying Eritrean identity to the nation-state of Eritrea.


The stress-strain curves for TC6 titanium alloy at the deformation temperature of 800-980℃,strain rate of 0. 5-5s- 1,the deformation degrees of 30% and 60% were obtained through Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation testing machine. The influence of thermal deformation parameters on the flowstess was analyzed through hot deformation mechanism. And then,the constitute relation of hot deformation for TC6 alloy was obtained and used in simulation of the forging process.


This research aimed to determine the impact of the moderating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between students' social participation and the quality of educational service. The data collection was based on a list of questionnaires. It was filled out from (271) single students in institutions of higher education in Egypt - whether under graduate or in post graduate studies - through social media applications, and the list was designed based on the search engine (Goggle Drive) The data was analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS) to enter the primary data, implement descriptive statistics, calculate the correlation coefficient and regression analysis, while the statistical program (AMOS) was used to ensure the model goodness of – fit – to - indices. The research resulted in the absence of a significant effect of the variable of self-efficacy in the relationship between social participation as a whole and the quality of the educational service as a whole, while there is a significant effect of the belief of self-efficacy in the relationship between social participation and dimensions (non-academic aspects - reputation - accessibility) of the quality of educational service. The researcher suggested a set of recommendations to improve students' self-efficacy, which affects their participation on social media applications for educational purposes, and thus improve the quality of educational service.


Firm financing and investment policies are central to the study of corporate finance. In imperfect capital market, financing and investment policies of enterprises are dependent to each other. Firm's investment decisions depend upon the access and availability of finance in capital market. But various capital market frictions like information and incentives wedge the efficient allocation of fund to each of marginally profitable project. Consequently, in asymmetric informational theoretic framework, firms change their strategies in raising their capital. Firms' first best choice for financing their investment in severity of information problem, rests on their internal funds since it is the cheapest and more unrestricted source of finance to the managers. To this milieu, this paper focuses on investigating whether the Nepalese enterprises depend on their internal funds to finance their investment or not? World Bank Enterprise Survey data set are employed to examine the investment and financing policies of Nepalese enterprises. The data set consist of financial information of 968 firms across multiple size, sector and age category. We employ simple measures of descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentage and arithmetic mean viz; the average of a set of numerical values to analyze the data by sorting the observations to various portfolios. The study result confirms that the firms heavily depend on their internal funds to finance their investment. These results are consistent with prior literatures for example; Fazzari, Hubbard, & Peterson (1988), Gilchrist & Himmelberg (1995), Hu & Schiantarelli (1998) etc when observed in cross section of size, sector, age and ownership pattern of enterprises. JEL Classification; E41, G31, G32, Key Terms: investment decisions, financial policy, capital market imperfection, information asymmetry Introduction In perfect capital market, real activities of enterprises are independent of its financial decisions (Modigliani & Miller, 1958). Consequently financial policies of the firms or sources of finance have no bearing on their capital investment decisions. In ModiglianiMiller framework of capital market, no firms are constrained by finance if they have profitable investment opportunities. When capital markets are efficient, funds get allocated to every marginal project with profitable opportunities. But assumption of efficient capital market does not work in real world including well developed economies; let depart the cases for developing countries and emerging markets. Contrary to the neo-classical models developed since 1950s, recent theoretical and empirical studies stressed on the relationship between finance and investment (Minsky, 1975; Fazarri, 1994). 1 HOD, Department of Management, Saptagandaki Multiple Campus Investment and Financing Policies of Nepalese Enterprises


Gearbox is a crucial but vulnerable component in the drive train of wind turbine. With purpose with condition monitoring of this component, we propose a multidimensional hybrid outlier detection model based on feature extraction and improved Stacked Denoising Auto-encoder (SDAE). First, a multi-dimensional feature extraction model is constructed via time series analysis and time-frequency-domain features extraction. Second, an improved SDAE based framework for condition monitoring is designed through normal behavior modeling. In case study, the originally proposed method is verified by the measured data from 37 wind turbines in two wind farms from two different provinces in China. Furthermore, case analysis, statistical results and comparative experiment are illustrated in detail, which demonstrates that the proposed method can provide early warning of gearbox faults. In industrial applications, early warning can avoid prolonged downtime and increase the power generation time.


It has been shown recently that simultaneous shield insertion and net ordering (called SINO/R as only random shields are used) provides an area-efficient solution to reduce the RLC noise. In this paper, we first develop simple formulae with errors less than 10% to estimate the number of shields in the min-area SINO/R solution. In order to accommodate pre-routed P/G wires that also serve as shields, we then formulate two new SINO problems: SINO/SPR and SINO/UPG, and propose effective and efficient two-phase algorithms to solve them. Compared to the existing dense wiring fabric scheme, the resulting SINO/SPR and SINO/UPG schemes maintain the regularity of the P/G structure, have negligible penalty on noise and delay variation, and reduce the total routing area by up to 42% and 36%, respectively. Further, we develop various pre-layout estimation formulae for shielding areas and optimal P/G structures under different routing styles. These formulae can be readily used to guide global routing and high-level design decisions.


AIM: β-Arrestin-1 is an adaptor protein essential in G-protein-coupled receptor signaling and function. Recently, a mechanism by which β-arrestin-1 acted as a scaffolding molecule that regulated signaling pathways of receptor tyrosine kinases was discovered. The goal of this study is to determine the roles of β-arrestin-1 in RON-activated MAP kinase signaling that regulates tumorigenic activities of colon cancer cells. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry of tumor tissue arrays was used to determine RON and β-arrestin-1 expression. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting were used to determine protein interaction and phosphorylation. Specific siRNA was used to silence β-arrestin-1 gene expression. Cell growth, transformation, and migration were determined by proliferation, focus formation and migration assays. RESULTS: Overexpression of RON (52/88 cases, 59.1%) in primary colon cancer samples was significantly matched with β-arrestin-1 expression. In 52 samples with RON overexpression, β-arrestin-1 was co-expressed in 41 cases (46.6%). In colon cancer HT-29 and other cells, β-arrestin-1 formed a signaling protein complex with RON and c-Src. RON-mediated dephosphorylation of β-arrestin-1 at Ser-412 increased their interaction. Silencing of β-arrestin-1 gene expression by siRNA techniques impaired RON-mediated Erk1/2 phosphorylation but had no effect on AKT phosphorylation. The β-arrestin-1 gene disruption also blocked oncogenic RON160mediated cellular transformation in rodent fibroblast and colonic epithelial cells. Moreover, silencing β-arrestin-1 gene expression significantly reduced RON agonistic mAb Zt/c1-induced colon cancer cell proliferation but not migration. CONCLUSION: β-Arrestin-1 was selectively involved in RON-transduced signals. The requirement of β-arrestin-1 in MAP kinase signaling shed light on the mechanisms by which RON regulated malignancy of colon cancer cells.


The rostral organ of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae contains a sensory epithelium with luminated ciliated sensory cells, which very much resemble electroreceptors from other non-teleost fish. This, as well as the innervation and a dorsal nucleus, indicate that this interesting species is electroreceptive.


The amount of adjacency effect present in imaging spectrometer data over lakes is determined using a helicopter mounted spectroradiometer. The experiment – carried out over an eutrophic lake in Central Switzerland – included extensive ground data collection including water quality assessment and underwater spectroradiometric measurements. The experiment is flown over the same transect in 11 different altitudes above the lake. The radiometric measurements are converted to reflectance values using a Spectralon panel and a sun photometer. The contribution of the green vegetation on both ends of the transects to the water signal is measured and discussed.


The article gives a detailed consideration of the quality assessment mechanism established in the Russian Federation for the local government of urban districts and municipal areas. Disadvantages of the given mechanism are revealed and suggestions for its improvement are provided based on the example of the Arkhangelsk region.


Short-term traffic flow predictions are an essential part of intelligent transportation systems. Previous research underlines the difficulty in systematically assessing the predictability of traffic flow near capacity or during congested conditions. In this article a neural network prediction scheme is proposed that is consistent with the pattern-based evolution of traffic flow and has the capability of exploiting past information to acquire knowledge on the traffic dynamics in order to enhance predictability. Findings indicate that pattern-based predictions are more accurate—in the traffic flow regimes considered—when compared to other local and global prediction techniques that operate under the time-series consideration. The pattern-based prediction scheme was also found to outperform the other methods tested in the knowledge of the anticipated traffic flow state in all traffic flow conditions considered.


Human capital is one of the major assets or resources to organizations. It could not directly links to the performance of the organization without the interaction with other resources. This study argues that integration strategy could act as a mediating variable on the relationship between human capital and performance because it can allow the interaction between human capital and other organizational resources. The result of this interaction  enable human capital to link with the performance of which was not tested in previous studies. The study was conducted on the manufacturers who have obtained Licensed Manufacturing Warehouse (LMW) in Peninsular Malaysia. There are 1,958 manufacturers with LMW license and 800 were selected randomly. During data collection, the study received 107 responses and only 102 responses were then used for analysis. The finding shows there is a significant mediating effect of integration strategy on relationship between human capital and warehouse operational performance. For the future research,  study needs to be done on the relation between other resources and organizational performance. Information gathered from the study could help to improve knowledge and understanding on the linkage between resources and performance


Descriptive Geometry (GD) aims to study and understand objects in three-dimensional space (3D) from their two-dimensional representations (2D) in one or more planes, and vice versa. In traditional GD teaching, students have difficulty transposing the cognitive barrier created in the process of abstraction necessary for understanding the relationship between two-dimensional representations and their correspondence with the three-dimensional object. Computer Graphics and Interaction Design have the technological potential to help transpose this barrier and contribute to the study of Descriptive Geometry in order to improving spatial comprehension. Through Interaction Design with a focus on usability, it is possible to design an interface for Descriptive Geometry teaching software that relates operations in 2D and 3D environments in a biunivocal and interactive (real-time) way, compatible with the graphical work mode of Descriptive Geometry and its operations performed by the students with the aid of conventional instruments of drawing, using for this the Computer Graphics. The objective of this work is to develop the two-dimensional interface of the software HyperCAL3D for the teaching of Descriptive Geometry in order to allow interactivity, showing in real time the descriptive operations that can be done both in the 3D model and in its 2D representations, being visualized in both Environments (3D and 2D) simultaneously to contribute to the study of Descriptive Geometry. For the development of the interface we investigated the concepts used in the discipline and the requirements of the users. The operations performed in the software, the similar software and the conceptual models used in the interfaces were analyzed. After the interventions made in the class structure and the change in the existing functionalities the software was evaluated by experts and users (experienced and novice) in terms of usability. In one of the evaluations made, the S.U.S. scale was used, where users rated the new interface as excellent, reaching 85.41 points, well above the 68 average points of the scale.


The optimal method of tillage in the cultivation of potatoes has been selected. The results of research shows, that Qualitative hoeing soil, undercutting of the weeds and carryover its to the surface provides by the rotary working body. The parameters of the rotary working body has been optimized.


The present invention comprises at least one process module, to an apparatus and method for fluid series connection type processing planar substrates. In particular, the invention relates to such a process in the gradual and and controlled conveyance of the substrate, the process can be also relates to the transport of the substrate. According to the present invention, a process module 1 comprising a processing chamber 2 having at least one processing surface 7A that is designed to and are substantially horizontally arranged to form a lower fluid cushion 6A processing plane 5 provided, two openings in the form of an inlet 3 and an outlet 4 for the linear feed of the substrate 22 in the same plane, are assigned to the treatment surface 7A, controlled feeding of substrate 22 in the processing chamber 2 at least one feeding device is provided with at least one catch 10 for 9. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method of using the apparatus according to the present invention.


Coastal environments can drastically raise the flashover probability at XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) cable terminations. The authors report on a field study and experimental investigations of this flashover phenomenon for the 12/2-kV XLPE cables used in Egypt. The influence of sharp-edge shield or smooth shield of termination, the axial longitudinal distance of termination, tape insulation, and the number of tape layers on the termination disruptive corona voltage and flashover voltage have been investigated and analyzed. Important guidelines toward an optimum treatment of cable terminations have been derived from the experiments. In particular, it is noted that the disruptive corona voltage can be taken as the main parameter affecting the design of the cable termination profile. The breakdown voltage per tape layer is not constant; the first four tape layers have higher electric stress. The effect of sharp-edge shield and high radial stress can be improved by lapping four layers of an insulation tape on the first five centimetres of the longitudinal axial distance. The increase of the longitudinal distance improves the effect of wet conditions and this is suitable for outdoor termination at normal humid conditions.<<ETX>>


Metabolism not only affects the acid–base status of an animal by means of proton stoichiometries but, by feedback regulation, acid–base parameters (pH, , bicarbonate) influence metabolic rates and the pathways used. This leads to a significant contribution of metabolism to acid–base regulation under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The relationship between amino acid metabolism, urea synthesis, and excretion is discussed as an example important for steady-state metabolic acid–base regulation during aerobiosis. Generally, acid–base relevant metabolism may be regulated through the effect of acid–base disturbances on hormonal mediation, allosteric modulation of enzyme proteins, pH optima, and the levels of substrates or products, some of these being acid–base relevant substances like bicarbonate, CO2, inorganic phosphate, and NH3. During functional or environmental anaerobiosis the same relationships prevail. Metabolic proton accumulation is counterbalanced by phosphagen depletion and ammonia accumulat...


A circular piezoelectric ceramic bimorph was presented for a micro-pump actuator.The vibration displacement,resonant frequency,vibration mode and the harmonic response were simulated and investigated using ANSYS software.Besides,a series of optimization of the material selection,structural design and parameters of the actuator were also conducted.The simulation experiments based on ANSYS not only laid a theoretical foundation for the systemic design,fabrication and research of the piezoelectric-driven ink-jet,but also provided a favorable way for the cultivation of students' innovation and scientific research ability.


THE BASIC TECHNIQUES OF INTERPRETATION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS FOR ENGINEERING SOIL CHARACTERISTICS WERE APPLIED TO AN EXTENSIVE AND GLACIALLY COMPLEX AREA OF NORTHWEST INDIANA. USING AIR PHOTO PATTERNS PREVIOUSLY ESTABLISHED, FIELD TRIPS TO AID IN CLASSIFYING AREAS IN WHICH THE AIR PHOTO PATTERN WAS COMPLEX, AND APPLYING SOIL ENGINEERING AND GEOLOGICAL AND PEDOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS, ALL OR PORTIONS OF 12 COUNTIES WERE MAPPED. RESULTS FROM EXTENSIVE PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE SURVEYS MAKE IT POSSIBLE, AFTER THE SOILS OF THE AREA HAD BEEN IDENTIFIED FROM AIR PHOTOS, TO PREDICT THE TYPE OF HIGHWAY PERFORMANCE TO BE EXPECTED IN THAT AREA. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT COMPLEX PATTERNS, OR PATTERNS OF COMBINATIONS OF SURFACE SOIL CONDITIONS CAN BE IDENTIFIED AS COMBINATIONS OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE CONSTITUENT PRINTS. IT IS POSSIBLE TO PREDICT THE TYPE OF HIGHWAY PROBLEM TO BE ENCOUNTERED BY STUDYING AERAL PHOTOGRAPHS. GROUPED AS SOILS CONTRIBUTING MOST TO GOOD PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE ARE SANDS AND GRAVELS, SANDY OUTWASH, LARGE FLAT AREAS OF SANDS, AND AREAS OF SAND DUNES AND RIDGES.


A fast discharge flow apparatus equipped for EPR detection of radicals has been used to investigate the reaction O + HBr OH + Br. At 295°K, measurements showed that more than 97% of all OH produced in this reaction was formed initially in its first vibrationally excited state. Rate constants for physical deactivation of OH(v = 1) by O(3P), Br(2P3/2), H2O, and HBr were measured as (1.45 ± 0.25) × 10−10, (6.4 ± 2.4) × 10−11, (1.35 ± 0.50) × 10−11, and < 10−12 cm3/molec·sec, respectively.


Oxidative precipitation is a facile synthesis method to obtain ferromagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles from ferrous salts—with unexplored potential. The concentration of base and oxidant alone strongly affects the particle's structure and thus their magnetic properties despite the same material, magnetite (Fe3O4), is obtained when precipitated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) from ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and treated with potassium nitrate (KNO3) at appropriate temperature. Depending on the potassium hydroxide and potassium nitrate concentrations, it is possible to obtain a series of different types of either single crystals or mesocrystals. The time‐dependent mesocrystal evolution can be revealed via electron microscopy and provides insights into the process of oriented attachment, yielding faceted particles, showing a facet‐dependent reactivity. It is found that it is the nitrate and hydroxide concentration that influences the ligand exchange process and thus the crystallization pathways. The presence of sulfate ions contributes to the mesocrystal evolution as well, as sulfate apparently hinders further crystal fusion, as revealed via infrared spectroscopy. Finally, it is found that nitrite, as one possible and ecologically highly relevant reduction product occurring in nature in context with iron, only evolves if the reaction is quantitative.


The fact that the credit speculative behavior has not been identified rightly by the credit evaluation system of Consumer to Consumer (C2C) results in a problem that transaction data can not be a true reflection of the seller's credit. In order to solve this problem,a fuzzy logic-based credit evaluation model was proposed in this paper. This model set up a domain and the fuzzy set of domain for credit factors,in which fuzzy membership function was employed to get the fuzzy evaluation of various transaction periods,and the result of credit evaluation was obtained. This empirical research shows the model completes the credit evaluation system,provides a more reliable basis for the users' trading decisions,and reduces the credit risk in the transaction.


Abstract : In order to work out a complete method of eliminating the disease, tests were made to determine the relationship between the occurrence of the disease and the virus carrying insect. The transmission of the virus of this disease and methods of prevention and elimination are discussed.


Nations all over the world are currently in the struggle to better their existence through the process of good governance, and responsible civil service for effective and efficient service delivery. Nigeria is one of such countries. However the kind of civil service bequeathed to Nigeria by her colonial master was alien and narrow in scope, and so not development oriented. At Nigeria independence in 1960, the federal civil service had a staff strength of only 30,000, this increased steadily to the level of 200,000 in the late 1990s due to political patronage. Many unqualified personnel joined the Civil Service which resulted to over sized workforce that absorbed about 87% of the total government revenue. The paper examined the civil service reforms in Nigeria from independence to the present and how they affected efficient and effective service delivery in the country. It is the position of paper that the kind of civil service reform that would tackle these problems should be evolutionary and pragmatic in nature to meet Nigeria developmental needs and the challenges of the modern world.


We present a facile route to fabricate nanoporous gold composites (NPGCs) through chemical dealloying of two phase Al–Au alloys comprising Al2Au and AlAu intermetallic compounds under free corrosion conditions. The microstructures of the NPGCs were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The dealloying of Al2Au and AlAu separately proceeds, and results in the formation of the NPGCs. The microstructures of the NPGCs are composed of intracellular and intercellular areas which exhibit two kinds of nanoporous structures with different length scales of ligaments/channels. The nanoporous structure of the intracellular areas forms due to the dealloying of Al2Au and that of the intercellular area forms owing to the dealloying of AlAu. Moreover, the proportion of the intercellular areas in the NPGCs increases with increasing Au content in the starting Al–Au alloys. In addition, the length scale of ligaments/channels in the NPGCs can be adjusted by simply changing the dealloying solution. The NPGCs show abnormal coarsening behaviors when subjected to annealing at different temperatures. In comparison to nanoporous gold (NPG) with a homogeneous structure, the NPGCs exhibit higher Young's modulus and yield strength. We can tailor the microstructures, properties and applications of these NPGCs through changing the composition of the starting Al–Au alloys, changing the dealloying solution, and adopting proper post treatment including annealing at high temperatures and acid treatment at room temperature.


Ethanol biofiltration was studied in a 0.165 l packed bed reactor filled with sugar cane bagasse complemented with mineral medium and inoculated with Candida utilis. The main objective was to improve the elimination capacity of the system by adding salts to the solid medium. The biofilter was operated for one month, varying both the inlet ethanol concentration (7.6-16.5 g m−3) and the airflow rate (1.61-2.50×10−3 m3 h−1). Removal efficiency (RE) of 100% was attained at ethanol loads ranging from 74.2 to 250 g h−1 m−3. When the RE decreased, acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate appeared in the outlet stream; adding mineral salts restored a 100% RE. Both ammonium sulfate and ammonia were assimilated by the yeast (conversion yield of nitrogen from the N-source to biomass of 75%), but only ammonia restored the pH of the medium to a value adequate for efficient biofiltration (7.7). Fifty seven percent of the carbon from ethanol was converted into CO2, and 8.7% into biomass. Final yeast population was 7×109 cells g−1 dry matter, corresponding to 56 mg protein g−1 dry matter, which offers potential to also use the protein enriched bagasse as feed.


The present document is offered at full length. It was granted to the author when she was studying, expecting what the passing of time would bring. Jose Torres in "My Opinion On The Works Of Miguel Hernandez" gives us his personal point of view. Besides, we can also find the opinion of the author of this essay Josefina Tafalla Brotons: My own view exits fruitful and essential with the strength of Pepe Torres. Close friend of Miguel Hernandez, his document helps me to consider its content as historic. It was truthfully written. Intimately experienced poetry. The education and respectful manners of this audacious man are outstanding.


Myocardial necrosis may occur in infants dying after severe asphyxia. The aim of the present study was to determine if myocardial injury occurs in fetuses that survive severe intrauterine asphyxial events. Asphyxia was induced in 12 near-term fetal lambs, by brief, repeated umbilical cord occlusions, continued until severe (<20 mmHg) or sustained hypotension occurred. Sham asphyxia was performed in 8 fetuses. Repeated umbilical cord occlusions led to a severe metabolic acidosis (pH 6.84±0.09, lactate 14.1±1.5 mM, after 128±38 min), with increasing hypotension during occlusions after the first 30 minutes. After the initial recovery period, the mean arterial blood pressure in asphyxiated fetuses remained significantly lower than both baseline and control values for up to 24 hours. The fetal hearts were perfusion fixed 3 days after asphyxia. No evidence of myocardial necrosis was found on light and electron microscopic examination. In the endocardium of both the right and left ventricles, and in the papillary muscles there was dilation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, margination and clumping of nuclear chromatin, and mitochondrial swelling, with reduced matrix density and disorganised cristae. The most severe morphological changes were found in the fetuses with delayed recovery of fetal heart rate after the final occlusion, while the degree of hypotension during occlusions was not significantly related to the severity of changes. Similar transient impairment of myocardial contractility after brief ischemia, without cell death, has been term `stunning'. These data suggest that reversible myocardial injury contributes to cardiac dysfunction during and after perinatal asphyxia.


The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors on growth traits of Magra sheep. The least-squares means for body weights at birth, 3,6,9 and 12 months of age were 2.98±0.02, 14.54±0.11, 22.14±0.17, 26.11±0.18 and 28.55±0.20 kg, respectively. The least-squares analysis of variance revealed highly significant (P< 0.01) effect of sire, sex and regression of dam's weight at lambing on all the growth traits. Effect of year of birth was significant (P<0.01) source of variation for all the body weights except birth weight. Effect of parity was significant (P< 0.01) only up to weaning (3 month of age). Thus there is need of giving proper attention to the significant factors and requirement of efficient flock management to achieve optimum productivity.


In a speech at the 2013 Gateway Sciences Institute, Dickinson President William Durden discusses the liberal arts perspective of teaching science to undergraduates.


Extended Abstract

Introduction
The formation of built spaces in composition to open spaces is one of the important subjects in designing architectural spaces. Different factors were important in formation of open spaces in traditional architecture. The kind of function of a building was one of these factors, because the quality of designing courtyards and its elements were dependent to the type and quality of building's functions. For example there were no trees in the courtyards of Jame mosque, because in Fridays (weekend holidays in Iran) ,there are enough spaces for prayers in it; while there were enough green spaces in old school's curtyards, because in the past, students studied in traditional schools and the function of these courtyards were similar to the yards houses'.
Some researchers in Iran have written that the formation of courtyards was a reflection of cultural factors. In base of the existing classification in Iran, the buildings are divided only to two kinds- introvert and extrados- which are not reasonable or suitable for generalizability.

Methodology
The main objective of this research is to show and to prove the relationship between geography and the formation of courtyards in traditional houses in Iran. Methodology of this study has been based on descriptive and analytical methods. The statistical population and samples included the traditional houses in Iran. It is based on field study as well as documentary study.

Results and Discussion
On the base of remaining traces of houses in ancient / historical settlements, that belong to sixth millennium B.C. and after that, in many places in Iran, and on the base of many settlements in Mesopotamia, a house usually was formed of two sections: a covered built space, and an open space, because in south and central regions of Iran and Mesopotamia – and the other regions with the same characteristics – that the climate of half of a year was warm and moderate and less than a semi year, was cold; some of the dwelling`s activities were have done in open spaces.
In spite of obvious role of geographical factors in forming open spaces in the houses, some researchers have said that the cultural factors were the main reasons in shaping courtyards.
It seems that the classifications of different kinds of open spaces and the relation it with the built spaces in Iran, are very general and in many cases aren`t careful.
The main questions of this research are: 1) what were the main factors of forming courtyards in traditional houses? 2) How can categorize the kinds of open spaces in relation to built spaces in traditional houses?
The objectives of performance of this research are first, to pay attention to quality and manner of the effect of geographical factors in forming the open spaces in houses: and second, to present a types of comprehensive classification for typology of kinds of courtyards in houses.
The hypothesis of this research is that the geographical factors had the main and important roles in forming the types of courtyards in traditional houses in Iran. The historical – inter pretational research method has been used in this research. The geographical factors are the independent variables, and the type of open spaces or courtyards, are the dependent ones in it. Data collections were in field and were documentary. The theoretical framework of this research was based upon the main role of geographical factors in forming courtyards in traditional houses.
The results of this research show that the quality and a variety formation of courtyards were influenced by geographical phenomenon, and have presented new classification different types of courtyards in traditional houses in Iran, according to geographical characteristics.

Conclusion
One of the important results of this research is presenting a new classification in types of applied – environmental open spaces or courtyards in Iranian traditional courtyards. The kinds of applied – environmental open spaces at first are divided into two forms: 1) one side courtyards, it means the courtyards that were provided their surrounded buildings from one side (inward, or outward). The one side courtyards are divided into three kinds: inward, outward, and semi inward open spaces.
The two side courtyards, refers the courtyards that were provided their light and ventilation for their surrounding buildings from two sides (inward, and outward) are divided into two forms of inward two side courtyards, and inward – out ward courtyards: while in common classifications in Iran that have been reflected in architectural spaces only were divided in two groups: inward and outward spaces: that is very common and incareful.
It seems that the classification of applied open spaces and courtyards in traditional houses from environmental as well as geographical views into ten forms in Iran todays. They are as follows: 1) atrium, 2) pit – parterre, 3) orangery, 4) backyard, 5) small garden, 6) terrace, 7) stable`s court, 8) ward, 9) enclosure, 10) surrounded flat roof.


Phylogenetic relationships within the European Monochamus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) remain understudied despite their increasing importance in the Pine Wood Nematode spread in Europe. To clarify the delimitation and the evolutionary history of the two main European Monochamus species, Monochamus galloprovincialis and Monochamus sutor, as well as their sub-species, a comparative study using morphological, molecular, and biogeographical criterions was conducted. Four morphological characters, including a newly-described morphologi- cal character on the male genitalia, separated the two species. Additionally, molecular data revealed twelve and two single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytochrome oxidase c subunit I and 28S, respectively, supporting species segregation. By contrast, incongruence between morphological and genetic results did not allow discriminating the sub-species of M. galloprovincialis and M. sutor, even though mitochondrial DNA revealed intraspecific differen- tiation, mostly consenting to a multiple refugia origin. Within-species variability was explained to a large extent by biogeography (i.e. altitude, climate). These different ecological adaptations within beetle species, together with potential climate change impact, increase the risk of spreading the nematode across Europe to novel conifer hosts and challenge the European biosecurity. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 109, 354-376. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: biogeography - genitalia - integrative taxonomy - morphology - mitochondrial DNA - nuclear DNA - PWN vector.


In order to clarify the fatigue behavior and fracture micromechanism for cold rolled steel foil of semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel SUS631 so as to evaluate its fatigue characteristics, fatigue tests and hardness measurements before and after the fatigue tests were carried out on the stainless steel foil of 0.05mm in thickness for as-received material and two kinds of ageing treated materials. The fracture surface of these foil specimens was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The main results obtained are summarized as follows. (1) The fatigue strength of as-received material was improved by ageing hardening treatment, the fatigue limit of the material ageing treated at 753 K for 1 hour was larger than that at 703 K for 1 hour. (2) After fatigue testing, the hardness of as-received material was increased, but the hardness of ageing hardening treated materials was decreased. The variations in the hardness before and after fatigue tests for these materials indicated that as-received material showed cyclic hardening behavior, and ageing hardening treated materials showed cyclic softening behavior. (3) From these observed results of the fracture surface and the cross section of fatigue cracks, there were distinctions in the crack growth path, failure pattern and fracture micromechanism on these materials, furthermore, the fatigue behavior of the foil material was very different from that of a bulk material.


Objective
To analyze the composition and risk factors of recurrent upper urinary tract calculi.

Methods
From September 2015 to December 2017, 120 cases of recurrent upper urinary calculi in our hospital were selected.The clinical data of all the subjects were analyzed retrospectively.The changes of stone components before and after the recurrence of calculi were analyzed, and the risk factors for the changes of recurrent stones were evaluated.

Results
Recurrent upper urinary calculi in 120 cases, calcium oxalate stone in 50 cases, calcium phosphate stone in 24 cases, infectious stone in 20 cases, uric acid stone in 10 cases, and cystine stone in 16 cases were found. Eighty patients had unchanged stone composition and 40 patients had changes in stone composition.Patients with recurrent upper urinary tract stones were closely related to stone type, recurrence time and other factors.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).

Conclusions
The main changes of calculus in recurrent urinary calculi are the conversion of calcium oxalate stones and infectious stones.The main risk factors for the change of stone composition are the time of recurrence.Patients with recurrent stone for more than 5 years or less than 1 year need to be rechecked regularly.

Key words:
Urinary Calculi; Risk Factors


The qualitative evaluation of high vintage musical instruments gives rise to several theoretical as well as technical questions. Depending on the experts, either instrument makers trained in various technologies or variously skilled and styled interpreters, the judgments rely on different criteria, regarding the object itself, its manipulations, as well as acoustic or aesthetic properties of the sounds it produces. Various experiments were run with classical guitars (Montchalin, 1993), harpsichords (Guyot, Castellengo, and Dumoulin, 1997), and violin bows (Saint‐Loubry and Besnainou, 1997). The judgments were processed in free categorization tasks of musical (listened or performed) sequences, followed by verbal comments on the partitions realized. The analysis of the psychological judgments of similarity and difference, and the linguistic processing of the verbal comments, led to the identification of the relevance of various perceptual modalities (not only acoustic but also kinaesthetic, haptic, and even...


Several new specimens attributed to the genus Dinofelis Zdansky, 1924 have been recently recovered from three limestone caves within the Sterkfontein Valley. The new site of Motsetse has yielded in situ isolated dental remains and postcranial elements assigned to D. piveteaui. Cooper's Cave has yielded a number of taxonomically inconclusive cranio-dental and postcranial elements from in situ deposits which we assign to Dinofelis sp. A crushed skull and associated mandible of Dinofelis from the Gladysvale Cave was recently located in the collections housed at the Geological Survey in Pretoria, South Africa. The specimen had apparently been recovered in the early 1990s during initial surveys of the site. It was partially prepared and has remained undescribed. Further preparation of the specimen revealed a complete set of the lower jaw and maxilla with dentition. The cranial base, although distorted, is also preserved. This material is here assigned to D. piveteaui and represents the first ever discovery of an associated skull and mandible of this taxon. Following the discovery of all this new material, a reassessment has been made of the taxonomic status of the genus Dinofelis in southern Africa.


Atmospheric correction of remotely sensed imagery of inland water bodies is essential to interpret water-leaving radiance signals and for the accurate retrieval of water quality variables. Atmospheric correction is particularly challenging over inhomogeneous water bodies surrounded by comparatively bright land surface. We present results of AisaFENIX airborne hyperspectral imagery collected over a small inland water body under changing cloud cover, presenting challenging but common conditions for atmospheric correction. This is the first evaluation of the performance of the FENIX sensor over water bodies. ATCOR4, which is not specifically designed for atmospheric correction over water and does not make any assumptions on water type, was used to obtain atmospherically corrected reflectance values, which were compared to in situ water-leaving reflectance collected at six stations. Three different atmospheric correction strategies in ATCOR4 was tested. The strategy using fully image-derived and spatially varying atmospheric parameters produced a reflectance accuracy of ±0.002, i.e., a difference of less than 15% compared to the in situ reference reflectance. Amplitude and shape of the remotely sensed reflectance spectra were in general accordance with the in situ data. The spectral angle was better than 4.1° for the best cases, in the spectral range of 450–750 nm. The retrieval of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration using a popular semi-analytical band ratio algorithm for turbid inland waters gave an accuracy of ~16% or 4.4 mg/m3 compared to retrieval of Chl-a from reflectance measured in situ. Using fixed ATCOR4 processing parameters for whole images improved Chl-a retrieval results from ~6 mg/m3 difference to reference to approximately 2 mg/m3. We conclude that the AisaFENIX sensor, in combination with ATCOR4 in image-driven parametrization, can be successfully used for inland water quality observations. This implies that the need for in situ reference measurements is not as strict as has been assumed and a high degree of automation in processing is possible.


Hill climbing algorithms are at the core of many approaches to solve optimization problems. Such algorithms usually require the complete enumeration of a neighborhood of the current solution. In the case of problems defined over binary strings of length n, we define the r-ball neighborhood as the set of solutions at Hamming distance r or less from the current solution. For r ll n this neighborhood contains Θ(nr) solutions. In this paper efficient methods areintroduced to locate improving moves in the r-ball neighborhood for problems that can be written as a sum of a linear number of subfunctions depending on a bounded number of variables. NK-landscapes and MAX-kSAT are examples of these problems. If the number of subfunctions depending on any given variable is also bounded, then we prove that the method can explore the neighborhood in constant time, despite the fact that the number of solutions in the neighborhood is polynomial in n. We develop a hill climber based on our exploration method and we analyze its efficiency and efficacy using experiments with NKq-landscapes instances.


A wound iron core according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided with an iron core main body part around which a plurality of iron core materials are wound, and a window part formed at the center of the iron core main body part. The iron core materials each have a cut part at least at one location per winding. The cut parts are disposed so as to be dispersed in the periphery of the window part.


This paper describes problems in the BSD 4.4-Lite version of TCP (some of which are also present in earlier versions, such as the Net2 implementation of TCP) and proposes fixes that result in a 21% increase in throughput under realistic conditions.


The aim of this study was to teach the puzzle-solving skills to students with multiple disabilities by using a tablet computer and enable them to demonstrate this skill fluently afterwards. The research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the effectiveness of direct instruction in teaching puzzle-solving skills to students with multiple disabilities by using a tablet computer was investigated. Also, generalization effect of the acquired skills on various materials and their maintenance effect after 1, 3 and 4 weeks were evaluated. In this phase of the study, multiple probe design with probe trials across subjects, one of the single-subject research designs, was used. In the second phase, it was aimed to increase the fluency of those students in puzzle-solving on a tablet computer. Similar to the first phase, a single-subject design, the changing criterion model was used in the second phase. Three participants, two male and one female, were involved in the study. All sessions were held as one-to-one instruction arrangements. The study revealed that direct instruction was effective in teaching puzzle-solving skills, the participants demonstrated the target skills at the end of weeks 1, 3 and 4. In addition, it was observed that they could generalize those skills to different materials, settings and people, and they improved their fluency.


The present literature teaching in universities needs to break the old teaching mode that is partial to the cognitive value orientation and to promote the space of humanistic education.Namely,we should desalinize the knowing and writing of professional knowledge,strengthen the cultivation of engineering students' thoughts,value and ability in the course of spreading the spiritual value of humanity that literature contains.This will involve the transition in teaching ways of numerous courses such as contemporary literature,ancient literature,the literature theory,etc.it is also significant to fully stimulate and promote the interest of the university students of science and engineering to study literature so that they can improve the manpower key element of scientific productivity and construct the good humane background of scientific development.


SUMMARY Rat isolated kidneys were perfused for 60 minutes with a modified Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate solution. Perfusate and urine samples showed klnlnogenase activity (active kallikrein) which could be enhanced by activation with trypsin (activatable kallikrein). Identification of the kininogenase activity generated by trypsin was made with rat renal kallikrein antiserum, aprotinin, lima bean trypsin inhibitor (LBTI), soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), and ororaucoid. A sample of perfusate was partially purified through DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. Intraarterial injection of this fraction decreased blood pressure in the perfused hind limb of a rat. (Hypertension 3 (suppl II): II-39-II-41, 1981)


Four different alkaline earth silicate fibres (AES) and two different refractory ceramic fibres (RCF) were annealed under defined conditions both in air and in a hydrogen atmosphere. After treatment, these fibres were visually examined for shrinking, dusting and resilience; recrystallisation was examined using SEM/EDX and IR-spectroscopy. The cristobalite and quartz contents which have developed were determined by using XRD and IR. It is shown that there is a correlation both between cristobalite content and fibre type and between heating speeds and recrystallisation behaviour.


Conclusions Child safeguarding is now an integral part of our organisational strategy. Council has transparent governance arrangements in place including accessible child safeguarding policies and procedures, a code of conduct, a risk management framework, and clear accountabilities for staff of all levels. In addition, Casey is committed to continuous improvement and learning from incidents, identified risks and ongoing activities that engage children and young people with Council and in their safety and wellbeing.


Agricultural technology innovation system was a significant part of the national scientific and an important support for the development of modern agriculture.This paper summarized the primary agricultural science and technology system features on the Pearl River Delta region,summarized several new technologies at home and abroad to promote mode,in order to put forward countermeasures and suggestions to accelerate the construction of the Pearl River Delta of new agricultural technology service system.


An integrated sensor utilizing short range surface plasmon polariton mode is realized and applied for detecting ultra-thin layer as well as biomolecule with rather high sensitivity.


Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract Automated Hematology cell counters are extensively used in hematology laboratories and their functional accuracy is monitored using expensive commercial controls and retained specimens. In this present study we have tried to implement a computational method based on Bull's Multirule Algorithm ( M ) along with the existing quality control method. The Algorithm works on the principle that mean of red cell indices - MCV, MCH, MCHC remain stable for any particular hospital population over a number of years. This mean can be used to check accuracy and calibration of the hematology analyzer. A batch of 20 blood samples is used to derive means of red cell indices and is compared to ±3% and ±2% action limits of the computed Bull's mean. The batch is re-analysed if it fails Bull's Multirule criteria; that is if (1) the mean is outside ±3% action limit (2) mean of three consecutive batches is outside ±2% action limit. In the current study we could identify calibration anomalies in the analyzer using this criteria in-spite of following NABL and CAP recommendations on use of commercial controls. Thus we emphasize, that commercial controls within acceptable limits are not the surest way to know proper functioning of the analyzer and recommend M should be incorporated in the daily quality control regimen


THE RATE OF FORMATION AND STABILITY OF TRANSLATION INITIATION COMPLEXES WITH LEADERLESS mRNA IN Escherichia coli by Holly A. Rovito The translation initiation region for leaderless mRNA includes the nucleotide sequence and structures near the 5'end of mRNA; translation signals located upstream to the coding sequence of leadered mRNAs are missing. In primer extension inhibition assays, 30S ternary complexes with leaderless mRNA are unstable and disassociate quickly in the presence of excess competitor mRNA, suggesting leaderless mRNA might be readily replaced in 30S ternary complexes by mRNA with stronger ribosome binding signals. Leaderless mRNA are more stable within 50S or 70S ternary complexes than 30S ternary complexes. Kinetic analyses revealed that 70S ribosomes and 50S subunits form ternary complexes 55 and 3.5 times faster, respectively, than 30S subunits, suggesting that leaderless mRNA might initiate translation through a faster and more stable 50S or 70S ternary complex. THE RATE OF FORMATION AND STABILITY OF TRANSLATION INITIATION COMPLEXES WITH LEADERLESS mRNA IN Escherichia coli


And to provide a gasket for the excellent compression recovery characteristics rechargeable battery. A gasket used for the insulating seal of the secondary battery, tetrafluoroethylene - perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer block-shaped molded article (PFA) (especially, heating was then charged PFA material pressed in a mold, further pressurizing hot pressing the skive sheets skived from be cylindrical or cylindrical molded product) obtained by cooling the pressure was fixed shape by applying cold mixture was allowed to heat and pressure deformed gasket shape - cold hydroformed product ( in particular, a gasket after the heat-pressing the gasket shape 0 to 80 ° C. lower temperatures than the melting point of PFA used, those cooled under pressure) for a secondary battery comprising a (particularly for lithium secondary battery) is there.


The influence of cold rolling and tensile deformation on the resistance to pitting corrosion of two stainless steels (AISI 304 and AISI 430) has been investigated. Two electrochemical techniques under free corrosion and potentiostatic conditions have been carried out so that pit initiation and propagation could be analysed separately. Plastic deformation is shown to act differently depending on the pitting stage under consideration. (i) The pit-initiation frequency shows a maximum after 20% cold rolling reduction or 10% tensile deformation. (ii) The pit propagation rate increases monotonously with cold rolling reduction. In addition, it is evidenced that strain-induced martensite is not a necessary condition for the susceptibility of cold worked SS to pit initiation. The unexpected behaviour of pitting initiation is more likely related to the dislocations features resulting from the successive cold-working stages.


The study examined the effects of Body image dissatisfaction and perceived media pressure on alexithymia and its dimensions. An incidental sample of 332 female students having the age range of 17-23 years was selected. The tools used for the study included Body Shape Questionnaire(BSQ-34) by Cooper,Taylor, Cooper & Fairburn (1987); Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-3 (SATAQ-3) by Thompson et al., (2004); Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) by Bagby et al., (1994). A 2x2 factorial design was applied for data analysis and the results revealed that body image dissatisfaction had a significant main effect on two dimensions of alexithymia namely difficulty in Identifying feelings (TAS-DIF) and difficulty in Describing feelings (TAS-DDF). Media pressure was found to produce significant main effect on one of the dimensions of alexithymia i.e., difficulty identifying feelings (TAS-DIF). Interaction of both the independent variables was found to be significant only for one dimension of alexithymia i.e., on externally oriented thinking (TAS-EOT).


Method of manufacturing CMOS devices. Between the device comprises an insulated film on a substrate, a first insulating film according to a second fixed pattern sapphire spaced, first and second semiconductor layer thereon, a first pattern and a second sapphire first semiconductor layer of a second insulating film , the first and second trenches down to a predetermined depth from the first surface of the second semiconductor layer, a trench sidewall liner on both sides, a gate insulating film on the surface of each pad between a first sidewall of the second semiconductor layer on the first gate insulating film in the second trench gate electrode of the first second, on both sides of the gate electrode of the first impurity region of a first conductivity type first semiconductor layer, a second gate electrode on both sides of the second semiconductor second conductive type impurity region layer.


Segmental baffle heat exchangers with different internal structures were investigated numerically.The results indicate that both the shell side pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient increase with the increase of the quantity of baffles,and decrease with the increase of height of the baffle cut,but the comprehensive characteristics decrease with the increase of the quantity of baffles and increase with the increase of height of the baffle cut.The distance between the first baffle and tube plate has little influence on the pressure drop but has great influence on the heat transfer coefficient.


Purpose/Hypothesis: Approximately 50% of stroke survivors have sensory impairments which correlate with a poorer functional prognosis. Current clinical sensory tests have not been shown to be valid, reliable, or precise; thus limiting their role in treatment planning. In contrast, the perceptual threshold test (PTT-ES) uses electrical stimulation to provide graded, objective, continuous stimuli to measure sensation. The PTT-ES has previously been used to examine sensation in healthy individuals, as well as those with diabetes, spinal cord injury and stroke. The purposes of this study were to examine the validity and intra-rater reliability of the PTT-ES as well as to compare the precision of the PTT-ES with other clinical sensory measures.Number of Subjects: Twenty-nine individuals with chronic stroke participated in the study. Their mean time post stroke was 8.9 years (0.5‐24 years). Materials/Methods: Each subject participated in 1 session. The PTT-ES was administered to each subject's upper extremities twice. The following measures were administered once: Nottingham Sensory Assessment for Stereognosis (NSA), Fugl-Meyer Sensory Assessment (FMA-S), Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement, Action Research Arm Test, and the Motor Activity Log-14 (MAL-14). Three examiners administered the tests and were blinded to each other's results. One examiner performed the PTT-ES at the beginning and end of the session; one administered the MAL-14; and the final examiner performed the other clinical measures.Results: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the results of the PTT-ES and NSA (p!.001), and between the PTT-ES and MAL-14 amount of use subscale (p!.036); but not between PTT-ES and other measures. Intra-rater reliability of PTT-ES was high with ICC values of .896 and .829 for uninvolved and involved hands respectively. Of the 13 subjects who received a full score on the FMA-S for their involved UE; 75% were found to have sensory deficits on the NSA and 50% showed sensory deficits on the PTT-ES.Conclusions: The results suggest that PTT-ES is a valid and reliable measure of upper extremity sensation following stroke. These results also suggest that the NSA and PTT-ES may better discriminate sensory dysfunction post-stroke as compared with the FMA-S. Clinical Relevance : The PTT-ES is a clinically feasible test that can provide meaningful information for treatment planning.


Objective:To evaluate the effect of community-based intensive lifestyle intervention on patients with pre-diabetes.Methods: According to the screening standard in Chinese guideline for type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM),the high risk residents aged ≥45 in Songjiang District of Shanghai were screened and investigated.A total of 162 volunteers with impaired glucose regulation(IGR) were allocated randomly either into the intensive intervention group or the control group.Participants in intensive intervention group received intensive health education and lifestyle intervention,while those in the control group only received the routine health education.Results: After one-year follow-up,although the smoking rate and the drinking rate decreased significantly in both groups,the fasting blood glucose(FBG) showed a more drastic decrease in the intensive intervention group than that in the control group,and the average systolic blood pressure was lower in the intensive intervention group than that in the control group.The rate of IGR converting into diabetes was 16% lower in the intervention group than that in the control group(P0.05).Conclusions: It is necessary for the patients with IGR to receive health education to help them to rectify unhealthy lifestyle,in order to reduce the chance to develop to DM.


Supervisory Committee Dr. Dan Smith (Department of Geography) Supervisor Dr. Jim Gardner (Department of Geography) Departmental Member Dr. Richard Hebda (School of Environmental Studies) Departmental Member This investigation uses dendrochronologic and radiometric techniques to infer the timing of glacier advance for four ice lobes that are drained by Manatee Creek in a remote valley located in the southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia. Dendroglaciologic evidence exposed by retreating glaciers provides evidence for increasing complexity in the Holocene glacial record, particularly for mid-late Holocene events. Since Holocene ice fronts periodically extended below treeline in the region, previous glacier advances overrode and buried forests beneath till deposits. The dendroglaciologic evidence presented here corroborates the record of glacier advances described for other southern British Columbia Coast Mountain glaciers and details ice front position at ca. 4270 C yr BP, 3430 C BP and 2350 C yr BP. Well-preserved sequences of lateral, nested moraines were mapped and profiled to delineate the boundaries of Manatee and Oluk glaciers. Relative dates provided by lichenometry and dendrochronology were used as limiting dates for the deposition of 5-6 moraines during the late 14, early 16, early 18, 19, and early-20 Century. Reconstructions of Holocene glacial history offer insight into the regional, climatic regime and add to the discussion about pervasive, millennial-scale cycles.


Background In recent years,the field of anesthesiology began to focus on anesthesia-related influence on the long-term prognosis of patients.But there are still a lot of not effectively solve the problems,especially side effects of nacotics on the body,perioperative regulation of vital functions on patients,perioperative vital organ function protection is still plagued to the anesthesiologists.Objective Preliminary study Chinese medicine dialectical thinking on the overall concept and the guiding role of clinical anesthesia,and further that "individualized anesthesia" option.Content Modern anesthesiology author encountered in the clinical application of new problems and challenges,combining the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine,Chinese medicine should be made a difference in anesthesiology.Based on the theory of modern anesthesiology guidance of Chinese medicine on the target organ and protection,that "individualized anesthesia" program based on the inheritance and development of Chinese medicine provides a new idea.Trend Chinese medicine has its therapeutic purposes in the perioperative period,perianesthesia application,means and theoretical basis,but there are some limitations.Therefore must seek evidence-based medicine,only with evidence-based medicine can be taken by the people and accepted medical treatment in order to reflect the objectivity,and to establish the anesthesia medicine syndrome differentiation system.

Key words:
Concept of traditional Chinese medicine ;  Chinese medicine syndrome ;  Individualized anesthesia ;


The main objective of this paper is to assess the effect of elevated temperatures on concrete. Studies are mainly based upon the comparison of the mechanical properties of concrete subjected to temperature and tested at ambient temperature. Type of concrete, replacement of aggregates and cement, duration of curing, maximum temperature, time of exposure to temperature, type of cooling are the major factors which influenced the properties of concrete after temperature exposure. In each study, the test results showed that there was a significant loss of weight and mechanical properties after temperature exposure. Also relative strength of concrete decreased as the exposure temperature increased. The replacement of aggregates with certain waste materials was justified, not only in terms of increased fire resistance than normal aggregate, but also in terms of responsible waste disposal.


This paper investigates the effectiveness of the integration of a multimedia learning tool into an existing human anatomy and physiology course. Student outcomes were measured, and the change in student performance as a result of adding a multimedia learning approach is presented.


Data on geographical distribution are provided for S. portoricensis Brandt, the type species of Siphonophora Brandt and the oldest species-group name in the genus, family, and Order; it appears to occur throughout Puerto Rico. It is characterized by fusion of the distal three podomeres of the anterior gonopods, which are sublinear in shorter, less mature males and bend caudad for varying lengths in longer individuals. In the New World, the Siphonophorida is represented by both families, the Siphonorhinidae by one genus and one species, Illacme plenipes Cook and Loomis, from San Benito County, California, and the Siphonophoridae by 10 genera, six monotypic, 66 extant nominal species, and one subspecies; two fossil species of Siphonophora have been proposed along with an unnamed fossil form of Siphonocybe Pocock. The following new combinations are officially recorded: Columbianum gracilicornis (Carl), Columbiozonium pearsei (Chamberlin), Cordillerium fuhrmanni (Carl), Yucatanium sabachana (Chamberlin), and ...


Waves produced by tropical cyclones (TCs) can be estimated using numerical models and non-stationary simulations forced with vortex-type time-varying wind fields. However, dynamical simulations are time and computationally demanding at regional-scale domains since high temporal resolutions are required to correctly simulate wave propagation. Early warning systems, as well as risk induced assessments, would benefit from fast and accurate estimates of the wave climate induced by close-to-real tracks geometry. For this reason, the objective of the proposed methodology is to obtain a tool capable of estimating the spatial and temporal variability of directional wave spectra produced by TCs at regional scale in deep waters using a hybrid approach, and statistical techniques, to reduce CPU time effort. SHyTCWaves is a metamodel that provides estimates of the directional wave spectra produced by TCs, which can be used as boundary conditions for local-scale models at nearshore coastal areas, in addition to providing faster than dynamically simulated TC forecast predictions.


Automated ground vehicles are being used increasingly in automation of factories for material transmitting or other missions. The navigation of these vehicles is a challenge as the configuration of the environment such as factory changes. The path-planning problem has been shown to be NP-hard, thus this problem is often solved using heuristic optimization methods such as genetic algorithms. In this paper a genetic algorithm for path planning of the mobile robots specifically automated ground vehicles with a basic knowledge about navigation area boundaries and configuration of obstacles. The goal in this paper is to travel the shortest path in minimal time while avoiding obstacles in a navigation environment. For this reason, an effective structure for genetic algorithm was implemented. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i9.6271


Geophysical and tectonic evidence suggests that the principal vertical axis bending of the Bolivian Orocline is a late Cenozoic event related to subduction and Andean uplift. To further test this hypothesis, paleomagnetic data are presented from Miocene basins within the Altiplano and Cordillera Oriental of Bolivia, located in the presumed southern limb of the orocline. To factor out potential VGP data, samples were collected from sedimentary sections spanning at least 0.5 m.y. New paleomagnetic data are presented for two sites, i.e., Gerdas (21°S latitude, 16–15 Ma) and Quehua (20°S latitude, 13–7 Ma). In conjunction with previously published paleomagnetic results from middle to late Tertiary rocks from Bolivia and Peru spanning some 16° of latitude (6–22°S), a consistent pattern of oroclinal development is as follows: significant counterclockwise rotation (about 15–20°) in the northern limb, negligible rotation in the axis (at the latitude of the Arica Deflection), and significant clockwise rotation (about 15–20°) in the southern limb. Although these paleomagnetic data could represent independent, mesoscale (>102 to <104 km2) block rotations, the preferred interpretation is that they confirm the hypothesis that a significant portion (about 30–40°) of the oroclinal bending occurred during the late Cenozoic. Using the unit mean paleomagnetic declinations in the well-dated sections, minimum rates of oroclinal bending during the late Cenozoic are calculated to range from 0.6°/m.y. to 1.7°/m.y. The remaining 15–20° of observed curvature of the orocline probably resulted from an earlier phase of Andean deformation or may represent the shape of the ancestral Andes.


This paper looks at differences in the quality of life of two culturally distinct groups and concludes that similar economic circumstances do not necessarily imply a similar quality of life at a household level. In a North India-South India comparison it finds that the two cultural groups are very different in the position of their women even when other socioeconomic conditions are very similar. In particular, the two cultures differ widely in the norms about female seclusion (and in the actual physical use of space) and in the levels of economic activity by women. The paper then places these findings in the context of the debate on the need for more meaningful indicators of development and discusses the role of greater cultural sensitivity in economic development policies. Copyright 1992 by Oxford University Press.


A detailed study is made of low-frequency ( DELTA F = 0, DELTA m/sub f/ = 1) resonance lines in Cs/sup 133/. This intensity is grestly incressed by adding xenon at pressures ranging between 0.16 and 0.23 mm. At low r-f amplitudes the width of the DELTA m = 2 lines was of the order of 7.5 Kc, similar widths were observed in high-frequency transitions ( DELTA F = 1, DELTA m = plus or minus 1.0) at 9205.3 and 9179.8 mc. They are essentially due to field inhomogeneities. (auth)


On January 18, 2011, a week before the massive street protests in Cairo's Tahrir Square, Asmaa Mahfouz, a 26-year-old business graduate of Cairo University, recorded a 4-minute, 36-second video of herself and placed it on her Facebook page, from where it was quickly reposted to YouTube. In classic vlog style, the only image is a close-up of her face, in this case veiled, as she looks directly into the camera, passionately calling in Arabic for her fellow Egyptians to join her in protesting against the government.