In this work, the elliptic flow coefficients for charged pions, kaons and protons as a function of transverse momentum pT , at midrapidity (-0.5< y <0.5), in Au-Au collisions at three colliding energies ( √ sNN = 3, 5 and 7.7 GeV) simulated with UrQMD and AMPT-SM (AMPT with string melting version) codes are presented. The scaling of v2 with the number of valence quarks (nq) has been studied as a function of transverse kinetic energy per quark, KET /nq . A deviation from quark-number scaling is observed at larger values of KET /nq in non-central Au-Au collisions for both simulation codes. The 7.7 GeV Au-Au simulated results were compared with STAR experimental data.


many instances where the definition is sufficiently idiosyncratic that one begins to wonder how the definition was developed. As a result, this dictionary should not be considered to be an authoritative academic reference. Overall, though, the book could lead to some excellent pub discussions among tourism academics arguing about its definitions. Indeed, the text did lead to some interesting discussions among my colleagues and me. We noted, for example, an apparent need for tourism academics to develop more terminology that begin with the letters X (4 entries), Y (8 entries), and Z (6 entries). More seriously, while The Tourism Society's: Dictionary for the Tourism Industry, 3 Edition is not appropriate for classroom or scholarly purposes, it is enjoyable to read and has potential that could yet be realized if some of the entries were based on more established (and explicit) sources in future editions.


In this paper the established performance indices for screening and ranking of power system contingencies are applied. The indices capture the change in the system state variables and deliver the degree to which it is provoked under different operating states. The indices refer to the generator coherency, transient energy conversion, dot products derived from the classical concept of the transient energy function, and generator angular deviation. The indices are calculated using the time domain simulation and a power system model.


The paper describes an investigation into the use of neural networks for the direct classification of river water quality from biological data. The theoretical basis of biological monitoring is briefly explained and the most commonly used methods are discussed, together with some recently developed computer-based methods. The biological basis of the study is iully described, while it is assumed that the reader has a basic understanding of artificial neural networks. The networks used were multi-layer perceptrons with a single hidden layer of eight nodes and an output layer of five nodes, one for each of the five biological-based water quality classes adopted for use in this study. Two different input sets were tested: one based upon the states of existence, in field samples, of forty-one key biological indicator organisms; and the other based upon twelve inputs derived from principal component analysis of the field data. Fifty-three field samples, previously classified by an expert river ecologist, were used for both the training and the testing of the networks, but independence between the training and test sets was maintained using one-fold cross validation. Despite the limitations of the data set, the results show that neural networks have potential for use as direct classifiers of river water quality from biological field data.


Thin-walled reinforced concrete structures are widely used for water tanks, silos and hydro-power generator buildings. Twenty-two model specimens were tested and then analysed using non-linear finite-element analysis. After reasonable validation with the experimental test results of companion specimens, the analysis was expanded to provide a parametric study correlating the ultimate strength behaviour of modelled specimens to the height-to-diameter ratio and steel reinforcement percentage. Good agreement was observed between the experimental and analysis results. The specimens were analysed to determine the effect of changing the height-to-diameter ratio and the percentage of steel reinforcement and the absence or presence of an opening. The investigation revealed that a reduction in the height-to-diameter ratio and the reinforcement ratio reduced the ultimate moment capacity, ductility, and shear and flexural crack development and also increased the ultimate shear capacity. The formation and propagation ...


This paper describes how heavyweight concrete made of water, cement, and heavyweight aggregate is used for shielding in structures where radiation protection is required. Water reduction helps to achieve high density mixtures, since water is the component with the lowest specific gravity. Thus, the use of superplasticizers helps to obtain workable concrete with low water-cement ratio (w/c) and high density. This paper discusses properties for heavy-weight self-consolidating concrete (SCC) made with polycarboxilic-based superplasticizer and barite aggregate. Fresh concrete properties were characterized using the suitable test methods employed in SCC. Since segregation is a key issue in this type of concrete due to the large difference between the densities of the mortar and coarse aggregate, some specific tests were carried out in concrete columns to verify homogeneity of the concrete, including the measurement of the capillarity and water permeability.


Low-light image enhancement algorithms can improve the visual quality of low-light images and support the extraction of valuable information for some computer vision techniques. However, existing techniques inevitably introduce color and lightness distortions when enhancing the images. To lower the distortions, we propose a novel enhancement framework using the response characteristics of cameras. First, we discuss how to determine a reasonable camera response model and its parameters. Then, we use the illumination estimation techniques to estimate the exposure ratio for each pixel. Finally, the selected camera response model is used to adjust each pixel to the desired exposure according to the estimated exposure ratio map. Experiments show that our method can obtain enhancement results with fewer color and lightness distortions compared with the several state-of-the-art methods.


In this research, we propose anarchitectural solution to implement the IntrusionDetection System (IDS) via snort in campusnetwork environment. Intrusion Detection System(IDS) via snort application has become a discussionissue for this time being. The objective of thisimplementation is to measure and detect themalware on snort application over Local AreaNetwork (LAN). Virtual Private Network (VPN)technology has become a discussion issue for thistime being. Today, the deployment of this IDStechnology on an organization truly can give agreat privacy and security benefit over campusenvironment. This study focuses on installation,configuring and implementation of snort inUniversity of Kuala Lumpur network environment.In addition, we emphasis on access to a MySQLdatabase, WINCAP and Perl scripts (PHP). Basedon the finding result, the IDS over snortapplication is able to analyze and detect malwareactivity in client server environment over LAN.


The role of mBDNF on the bene fi cial e ff ects of cognitive stimulation on the brain remains controversial, as well as the potential of peripheral mBDNF as a biomarker of environmental e ff ects on its central status. We investigated the e ff ect of di ff erent environmental conditions on recognition memory, proBDNF, mBDNF and synaptophysin levels in the hippocampus, and on mBDNF levels in blood. Male Wistar rats (6 and 17 months-old) were assigned to cognitively enriched (EE), standard (SE) and impoverished (IE) environmental conditions for twelve weeks. Novel object recognition was performed at week 10. When the animals were 9 and 20-months old, hippocampus was collected for mBDNF, proBDNF and synaptophysin analysis; serum was analyzed for mBDNF levels. The cognitively EE improved recognition memory, resulted in a trend to increased hippocampal mBDNF and augmented synaptophysin levels. Accordingly, hippocampal mBDNF, proBDNF and synaptophysin were signi fi cantly higher in EE than IE animals. Hippocampal mBDNF was positively correlated to proBDNF, cellular and behavioral plasticity markers. No e ff ect of age was seen on the studied variables. Moreover, no signi fi cant e ff ects of EE or IE on serum mBDNF were observed. Serum mBDNF also failed to correlate with hippocampal mBDNF, proBDNF and with the cellular and behavioral plasticity markers. These fi ndings indicate that mBDNF is involved in neuronal and behavioral plasticity mechanisms induced by cognitively enriched environments, and that peripheral mBDNF may not always be a reliable biomarker of the e ff ects of environmental settings on central mBDNF and plasticity, which is of special interest from a translational research perspective.


Speech-to-Text (STT) and Text-to-Speech (TTS) recognition technologies have witnessed significant advancements in recent years, transforming various industries and applications. STT allows for the conversion of spoken language into written text, while TTS enables the generation of natural-sounding speech from written text. In this research paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in STT and TTS recognition technologies, including their underlying methodologies, applications, challenges, and future directions. We begin by discussing the key components of STT and TTS systems, including Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and speech synthesis techniques. This research study highlights the evolution of these technologies, from traditional approaches to data-driven deep learning methods, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and transformer based models. Further, this research study analyses various applications of STT and TTS recognition technologies in different domains, including healthcare, customer service, accessibility, and language translation and discusses about the benefits of STT and TTS in improving communication, accessibility, and user experience, and address the challenges and limitations of these technologies, such as accuracy in noisy environments, handling diverse accents and languages, context awareness, and ethical considerations. Moreover, this study highlights the ongoing research efforts to address these challenges and improve the performance and robustness of STT and TTS systems. Finally, we outline the future directions and potential research opportunities in STT and TTS, including advancements in deep learning techniques, multimodal integration, domain adaptation, and personalized speech synthesis and also emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research collaborations, data collection, and benchmarking efforts to further drive the development and deployment of STT and TTS recognition technologies in real-world applications.


This paper presents a phase-shifted DC-DC resonant converter type LLC. The proposed converter provides high output voltage gain with wide zero voltage switching (ZVS) range. The converter achieves wide load variation by utilizing variable frequency control, where the gain of the converter is analyzed in relation with the tank impedance that depends on the switching frequency to resonant frequency ratio. Moreover, the utilizing of the magnetizing inductance and the phase shifted angle ensures the achievement of the ZVS for all switches. The proposed converter was simulated using MATLAB-Simulink software. It was found that the variable frequency control is suitable for LLC resonant converters in terms of obtaining wide load variation. The simulation results have proved that the proposed converter can offer wide load variation up to 25% of the full load, with efficiency of 80%.


tion of the small intestine is possible with the help of sequential inflation and deflation of the two anchoring balloons at the distal end of the enteroscope (allowing the enteroscope to proceed through a marching effect). Using this novel technique loops are also more easily resolved, which is a distinct advantage over push enteroscopy (the current method most commonly used for endoscopic examination of the small bowel). The procedure can be done under conscious sedation, and the average time for examination for each route is 75 minutes. The yield positive diagnosis rate is comparable with that of capsule endoscopy, but early data suggest that it may be superior in its therapeutic yield and ability to perform endoscopic interventions. Larger prospective studies are needed to clarify the roles and make cost effective comparisons between double balloon enteroscopy, push enteroscopy, and capsule endoscopy.


We demonstrate a new planar fabrication technology for integrating enhancement/depletion (E/D) mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs using fluoride-based plasma treatment techniques. The CF4 plasma treatment is used in two separate steps to achieve two objectives: 1) active device isolation; and 2) threshold voltage control for the E-mode HEMT formation. By using the planar process, the E/D-mode HEMTs are integrated on the same chip, and a direct-coupled FET logic inverter and a 17-stage ring oscillator are fabricated. Compared with the devices formed by standard mesa etching, the HEMTs by planar process have comparable DC and RF characteristics, with no obvious difference in device isolation. At a supply voltage of 3.3 V, the E/D-mode inverter shows an output swing of 2.85 V, with the logic low and logic high noise margins at 0.34 and 1.47 V. The fabricated ring oscillator yields an oscillating frequency of 159 MHz at a supply voltage of 4.5 V. After a 44 hrs thermal stress at 350degC, the devices show negligible change in DC and RF characteristics, indicating excellent thermal stability of the planar process


The growing data size and finding information's from such bulk data need to be addressed. The term coined big data has found its vital importance in modern day business. With petabytes of data, it becomes essential that such new technologies need to be applied to the modern business for finding nuggets of the information hidden from it. The author felt the need to find the guiding parameters which can help the business users to understand at which stage need of big data and its relevant analytics is required and better for the organisation. These parameters will help the business user to enable them to find at what time they should be going for such technological changes in their setup. The blend of technologies which are needed and used to make a viable solution for the big data analytics in the organisation is high and this demands use of layered framework for effective implementation of the big data analytics using a most emerging analytical tool data mining as presented in this paper by the authors.


This paper present a synthesis of theoretical and experimental results on the physical and mechanical properties and tribological behaviour as well of thermomecanical ceramics, on the basis of a critical paper revue.


In an audio encoder, the audio content that is received at the source audio format, default gain is generated based on the default dynamic range compression (DRC) curve, a non-default gain is generated for the non-default gain profiles . Based on the default gain and non-default gain, differential gain is generated. Audio content, the audio signal including the default DRC curve and differential gain is generated. The audio decoder, default DRC curve and differential gains are identified from the audio signal. The default gain is re-generated based on the default DRC curves. Based on a combination of the default gain and differential gain which is regenerated, operation is performed for the audio content that is extracted from the audio signal.


Central venous catheters (CVC) are known to be associated with risks of complications such as infections and hemorrhages. Good practices of care and management are essential in limiting these risks. Therefore, the investigators felt a real need to assess the staff nurses' knowledge and practices regarding CVLCare. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge and practice of staff nurses regarding care of CVL. In Aldamamhospital,the research approach adopted for the study was quantitative approach and the research design wasdescriptive survey design. The tool for data collection was a structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge of nurses, an observation checklist for nurses related to CVL care technique pre, during and post procedure, and an observation checklist for nurses related to removal of CVL. 33 staff nurses working in Aldamamhospital. The findings of the study concluded that there was a significant statistical difference in nurses' knowledge and years of experience, and no significant statistical differences in nurse's practices before, during, after , and removal of central venous line in relation to years of experience.


The winter wheat/summer fallow rotation is the most common cropping system in eastern Oregon. It is used to store winter precipitation and control weeds. This cropping system, however, destroys soil organic carbon, reduces water infiltration and thus leads to soil erosion, and is not sustainable. Conservation tillage, annual cropping, and the introduction of alternative crops are ways to improve sustainability of cropping systems in eastern Oregon. The following review briefly discusses the uses, climatic requirements, and yield potential of potential alternative crops for eastern Oregon. These crops include legumes, cereals, and crops with industrial and pharmaceutical uses. Based on this review, research should focus on evaluating potential alternative crops for suitability to eastern Oregon conditions and provide growers with information they need to integrate these crops into existing cropping systems. Introduction The Pacific Northwest (PNW) Columbia Plateau is semi-arid with rainfall ranging from 12 to 18 inches. About 70 percent of annual precipitation occurs from November to April during winter and water available to plants during spring and summer depends on how much water is stored in the soil. Because of steep slopes prevalent in the PNW, soil erosion is a major problem in fields that do not have sufficient residue cover. Cropping systems that improve water infiltration and storage, reduce evaporation, and increase water use efficiency of crops on a sustainable basis should be developed. Wheat/fallow rotation is the traditional crop production system in the PNW Columbia Plateau. The winter wheat/summer fallow rotation is used on 4.5 million acres in the drier portion of the region, where rainfall is considered inadequate to produce a crop every year. This cropping system is most economical where rainfall is less than 13 inches. Summer fallowing is used to store winter precipitation and control weeds. This cropping system, however, depletes soil organic carbon and reduces water infiltration, leading to soil erosion (Rasmussen and Parton 1994). In the long-run, soil productivity decreases. Research should focus on developing biologically and economically sustainable farming systems. Conservation tillage, annual cropping, and the introduction of alternative crops are ways to improve sustainability of cropping systems in the PNW. No-till (direct-seeding) systems increase infiltration, reduce runoff, and reduce tillage costs but adoption has been slow. This is primarily because of cultural inertia, cost of equipment, and uncertain crop yields due to weed and disease build up (Williams and Wuest 2001). Annual cropping is limited by low rainfall and soil moisture. Planting every year, however, has the potential to reduce soil erosion when compared to summer fallow. When annual cropping includes alternative crops and spring plantings, weeds and diseases can be controlled (Williams and Wuest 2001). Cropping systems that include alternative crops should improve soil fertility and structure and reduce weed and disease incidences. Alternative crops, however, suffer from lack of markets and stable prices and their yields have been inconsistent primarily


Thomas Alva Edison's kinetoscope was the last predecessor of movies. In 1869, the cinematograph of the brothers Auguste and Louis Lumiere spread out throughout several countries in America, but it was not a uniform event nor were the circumstances identical; however, what can be stated is that in some countries this occurrence has not been studied thoroughly, and in some others there is no regarding literature at all. The cinematograph arrived first to Buenos Aires and Brazil, then to Uruguay and afterwards to Mexico (on August 6, 1896) in a private session which took place in the Alcazar of the Chapultepec Castle, attended by the general Porfirio Diaz, his family and friends. It was in our country where filming first occurred, though the first moving images related to Mexican topics are dated from 1894.


IN THE EARLY nineteen-thirties, Agnon began publishing a type of story quite similar in its qualities to those of the dream, or more precisely, the nightmare. Most of these were published together in his collection seper hamma'aiim. in 1941. One of these stories, "middira l:idira" 1 ("From Apartment to Apartment"), occupies an especially problematic place in that collection. Kurzweil (1966, p. 78) regarded it as an exception to much that characterizes the collection as a whole: external confusion in which the norms and the continuity of time and space are broken. Also Barze! has referred to it as an exception, as a story which bears close proximity to the world of realistic causation, though he also discusses it as an integral part of seper hamma'asim, consisting as it does of a kind of journey "which exists in the consciousness of the narrator" (Barze!, 1972, p. 160), a journey, in this case, in quest of tranquility and rest on the part of the narrator-character who is seeking recovery from a prolonged and unnamed illness. The story basically follows the logic of time and space as they are assumed in waking experience and in the realistic story. It does not evoke


The Rev M.C. Vos (1759-1825), born at the Cape, clergyman in The Netherlands, at the Cape and Sri Lanka, is known as an initiator of the mission in South Africa. His life is mostly based on his autobiography Merkwaardig verhaal (1824). Some factual historical remarks learn, however, that his autobiography is far from a virtual (auto)biography, it is his story of God's guidance in his life and an incentive to a religious revival.


Phytochemical investigation of the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Mimusops elengi L. (Sapotaceae) led to the isolation of new gallic acid esters, characterised as phenyl propanoxyl gallate (1), β-D-glucopyranosyl (6′→1″)–β-D-glucopyranosyl-4″-(4″-ethylphenyl) gallate (2), 2′-(1″′-geranyloxy)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (6′→1″)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4″-phenoxy gallate (3), β-D-glucopyranosyl (6′→1″)–β-D-glucopyranosyl 3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoate (4), β-D-glucopyranosyl-(6'→1″)–β-D-glucopyranosyl-4″-(4″′-n-butylphenyl) 3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoate (5), β-D-glucopyranosyl(6'→1″)-β-D-rhamnosyl 3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoate (6) and β-D-(2′-phenyl glucopyranosyl)-(6′→1″)–(2″, 4″-diphenylrhamnopyranosyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxylbenzoate (7), along with the known compounds: farnon-3-one, stigmasta-5-en-3-β-ol, olean-18-en-2-one-3-ol, lup-20(29)-en-3β-ol and stigmasta-5-en-3β-D-glucopyranoside. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical reactions.


The authors describe a method which ensures a designed neural network to be implementable as an electronic circuit. The approach involves two steps: (1) adjust the slope of the sigmoidal function of each neuron based on a given criterion; (2) find the weight matrix by an analytical learning algorithm. It is shown that the slope of the sigmoidal function around the origin plays an important role in the implementable neural network design. Based on the approach, the resistance in the neural circuit can be made very large, which reduces the network power dissipation.<<ETX>>


The effect of integrated use of mineral N fertilizer and biofertilizer (Azotobacter and/or Azospirillum) on grain and straw yields, harvest index and net profit of wheat was assessed. A field experiment was carried out during two years on a sandy soil. The recommended N (230 kg N ha-1) and biofertilizer (Azotobacter and Azospirillum) were applied alone and in various combinations among them. A randomized complete block design, with three replications, was used in this study. Treatments significantly affected grain and straw yields, and harvest index. The highest values of such traits were obtained in treatment T11 (75% mineral N + biofertilizer with Azotobacter and Azospirillum). However, T12 (50% mineral N + biofertilizer with Azotobacter and Azospirillum) resulted also higher values for the above mentioned traits comparing with T1 (100% mineral nitrogen and uninoculated) but the differences among the two treatments almost did not attain the statistical differences. In addition, T11 and T12 gave the maximum return and net profit per ha. From this study, it can be concluded that the biofertilizers (double-inoculation of Azotobacter and Azospirillum) of efficient strains could save 25 or 50 % of the recommended dose of mineral N.


To assess spatial and sequential contamination of selected water bodies using Water Quality Index (WQI) has been calculated for Channarayapatna (SC1 and SC2), Bagur (SB1 and SB2), Janivara (SJ1 and SJ2) and Anekere (SA1 and SA2) at Channarayapatna taluk during pre-monsoon season and monsoon season. Water quality parameters were selected as per the WHO guidelines. Fourteen water quality physico-chemical parameters were estimated as per the standard methods and procedures. Drinking water at almost all the sites was found to be highly contaminated, except a few sites, where it was found moderately contaminated for both the seasons during the year 2011. In general, to some extent water quality showed deterioration after the onset of monsoon. The rural village activity produces a serious and negative effect on the water quality, this is due sewage discharge from the villages. Water Quality Index (WQI) was also calculated to know the overall quality of water samples. The results show that the water quality index is observed in the range of 75-98 and expected in the range of 75-98 which shows marginally water quality for drinking purposes. The water quality index is calculated by indicator (100-point scale) shows that this water can be used for drinking purpose after purification treatment. Results show that quality for irrigation purpose is quite good. It was found that some effective measures are urgently required for water quality management in this region.


Summary Pancreatic enzyme secretion was studied in conscious, recovered rats with bile-pancreatic juice collected directly via a cannula. When bile-pancreatic juice was collected and continuously returned to the intestine, introduction of protein evoked a marked increase in enzyme secretion, while protein hydrolysates were not effective stimulants. Diversion of bile-pancreatic juice, or introduction of soybean trypsin inhibitor, resulted in very large increases in enzyme secretion. The results support the concept of negative feedback control of pancreatic enzyme secretion, and it is proposed that protein stimulates increased pancreatic enzyme secretion by reducing feedback inhibition produced by trypsin and chymotrypsin in the intestine. The authors express their thanks to Raul Reyes for his technical assistance.


The aim of the investigation was to study the markedness of copper nanoparticles' and low-intensity laser radiation (LILR) antimicrobial action and to evaluate the effectiveness of their combined application in vitro experiment. Materials and methods. Markedness of synthesized copper nanoparticles' and laser radiation antimicrobial effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated according to MacFarland by mixing daily cultures. In the first series of the experiments the culture of the microorganisms was subjected to radiation for two minutes using the ALT "Matrix" apparatus; in the second series copper nanopowder suspension was introduced into the culture of the microorganisms; in the third series laser radiation and introduction of copper nanoparticles were combined. Results. Low antibacterial LILR activity was noted; reliable decrease of the number of colonies was observed at nanocopper introduction. There was revealed reliable synergism of antimicrobial action of copper nanoparticles' and LILR combined application. Conclusion. Combined application of LILR and copper nanoparticles allows to obtain antibacterial effect at lower concentrations of copper nanoparticles, thus decreasing possible toxic action of the given substance on the organism in in vivo conditions.


The results of numerical simulation of the propagation of UHF radio waves over the plane strongly-inductive surface are presented. Numerical simulation showed the appearance of surface electromagnetic wave over the structure of the "dielectric on conductor" at the frequencies of the radio-navigation system GPS L1=1575.42 MHz and L2 = 1227.6 MHz.


The linearity of displacement measurement is an important parameter in nanometrology. The development of the common path two-wavelength (633 nm and 532 nm) homodyne counting interferometer within the Nanotrace project is described. These two differential interferometers are also designed for the elimination of optical path drifts and fluctuations. Their short-term instability is projected to be in the order of tens of pm in the single wavelength path difference and below 10 pm in the difference of these two wavelength path differences. This solution enables better real-time validation of interferometer fringe interpolation. The whole system could be transportable and measure displacements up to 100 µm under ambient air conditions under cover. Refractive index compensation will also be included.


Universal screening measures can be used to identify students at risk academically due to learning disabilities or other difficulties. Research and legislation support the use of screening measures early in students' education to ensure they receive any supports necessary to bolster their academic achievement. When selecting a screening measure, school personnel should identify the purpose of the screening measures in their school and the resources available. The research literature should then be consulted on established screening measures, with careful attention paid to required resources, evaluation of the students as a whole through the consultation of varied sources of information, relative biases of screening measures, further assessments for low-scoring students, and test metrics. This article discusses research-based procedures to follow in selecting screening measures, specifies factors to consider in this process, and provides examples of existing measures for use in the universal screening process.


1. Introduction The Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, India has organised two-day International Conference on "Community based Research and Innovations in Civil Engineering (CBRICE-2021)" on 18th – 19th March 2021. The conference was held virtually owing to the covid situation resulting into travel restrictions. The aim of the conference was to gather scientists, technocrats, scholars and young researchers of civil engineering and present the advances in the relevant fields and to foster an environment conducive to exchanging ideas and information beneficial to the community. This conference will also provide an ideal environment to develop new collaborations and meet experts on the fundamentals, applications, and products of the mentioned fields. Moreover, the conference will provide the researchers additional opportunities to gain exposure to scientific concepts and methods related to applications in the different fields of Civil Engineering. 2. Thrust Areas Conference topics include, but are not limited to the following: List of Structural Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Committees, International Scientific Committee, National Scientific Committee, Paper Submission, Program Schedule, a. Inaugural Program, b. Keynote Lectures and Paper Presentation Sessions and photos are available in this pdf.


One of the most exciting applications in the field of nasal medication administration is nose-to-brain delivery, which directly addresses the central nervous system while avoiding the blood-brain barrier. Lower doses and direct brain administration of strong drugs are among its advantages, resulting in fewer systemic side effects. Nasal insulin administration showed promising results in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials. Nanomedicines may be able to aid in the realisation of nose-to-brain delivery. While technologies to allow formulation deposition in the upper region of the nose are still needed, surface modification of nanomedicines appears to be the most effective method for increasing medication delivery from the nasal cavity to the brain. This work will describe and critically examine nanomedicine delivery to the nasal epithelium based on particle engineering using surface electrostatic charges, mucoadhesive polymers, or chemical moieties. The mechanism of delivery is nose-to-brain.


Computing shortest paths in a polygonal do- main is a classic problem in computational geometry. Ecient algorithms for computing such paths use the continuous Dijk- stra paradigm [2], which not onl ...


ABSTRACT China has presented one of the most noticeable growth experiences in economic history. High growth rates in the post-1978 reform period have been marked by deep structural changes in the Chinese economy. This paper aims to discuss China's long-term economic growth from a Kaldorian-Structuralist framework that emphasises the importance of a large, diversified and integrated industrial base as a central engine of economic growth that may prevent balance-of-payments constraints. This study applies input-output indicators to reveal key sectoral transformations of the Chinese productive structure and changes in interindustry linkages during the 1990s and 2000s. Results provide evidence that: (i) the Chinese sustained growth pattern has relied on a diversified and increasingly integrated domestic industrial production; and (ii) most sectors have been able to generate through exports enough foreign exchange to pay for import needs.


The control and monitoring of drinking water is becoming more and more interesting because of its effects on human life. Many techniques were developed in this field in order to ameliorate this process control attending to rigorous follow-ups of the quality of this vital resource. Several methods were implemented to achieve this goal. In this paper, a comparative study of two techniques resulting from the field of the artificial intelligence namely: RBF neural network (RBF-NN) and support vector machine (SVM), is presented. Developed from the statistical learning theory, these methods display optimal training performances and generalization in many fields of application, among others the field of pattern recognition. Applied as classification tools, these techniques should ensure within a multi-sensor monitoring system, a direct and quasi permanent control of water quality. In order to evaluate their performances, a simulation using real data, corresponding to the recognition rate, the training time, and the robustness, is carried out. To validate their functionalities, an application is presented.


The connection between classical and optimal control for missile longitudinal autopilots has been established. 1 It has been shown that the optimal control solution using the weighted sum of the acceleration error and control defl ection leads to at wo loop autopilot. The weighted sum of the acceleration error and the control rate leads to a three loop structure and the weighted use of acceleration error and control rate with a first order actuator leads to a four loop structure. The focus of this paper is to examine all possible three loop topologies and determine the "best" from a robustness perspective. It will be shown that there are transformations that can provide equivalent closed loop properties for the different topologies. The open loop properties will be different, however. The comparison is accomplished by establishing a standard performance level for all the topologies and then examining the robustness properties. An example with both a stable and unstable plants will be used throughout.


The new Federal Accounting Standard (FAS) 6/2020 "Property, Plant and Equipment", which will come into force in 2022, requires non-public sector organizations (including healthcare organizations in this sector) to take into account the impairment of property, plant and equipment. Such accounting is qualitatively new for these organizations. Consequently, it is very important to conduct a separate research of the rules for determining and recording the impairment of property, plant and equipment of non-public sector organizations. This research is the subject of this article. As research methods, the following were used: grouping method, analysis and synthesis, comparison, analogy method, logical approach, systematic approach. As a result of the research carried out, the article focuses on the fundamental issues of accounting for the impairment of the property, plant and equipment of non-public sector organizations (including healthcare organizations in this sector), identifies the most important problematic issues in this area and presents proposals for their solution.


In Slovak archival holdings there are currently a  great many medieval liturgical fragments with notation, dating from the late 11th to the early 16th century. The majority of them served as reinforcing material (top cover, alternatively front or back boards) in administrative books, later manuscripts, or prints. These precious medieval musical sources are found in this secondary function to this day, often without their own deposit signatures. Among the old musical sources deposited in Slovak archival, museal and library holdings, there are fragments of codices with Neume notation. These were imported to our territory from German, Austrian and Bohemian-Moravian Benedictine scriptoria. Among the unique examples of these very old musical monuments is the bifolio fragment of the Gradual sine sign. from the State Archives in Bratislava with German adiastematic Neume notation.


Bamboo is one of the results of a non-timber forest that grows in the secondary forest and open forest, and can even be found in Sambas Botanical garden area. The purpose of this research is to determine the value of the diversity of bamboo in the area of Sambas Botanical Garden, Subah subdistrict, Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan. This research was conducted in Sambas Botanical Garden,  starting from 09 July 2019 until 27 July 2019 then continued by analysis of data. The collection of bamboo data at the research site is conducted by the survey method and performed purposive sampling with a plot laying of research samples using a double tile, with the size of each tile example 10 m x 10 m. Results showed in the Sambas Botanical Garden 5 species of bamboo had been found consisting of 3 different genera namely Bambu Tali (Gigantochloa hasskarliana Kurz.), Bambu Lemang (Schizostachyum brachycladum Kurz.), Bambu Tamiang (Schizostachyum latifolium), Schizostachyum terminale Holtt. Bamboo, and Bambu Merambat (Dinochloa sp.). Important Values Index of Bambu Merambat, Bambu Tali, Bambu Lemang, Bambu Tamiang, and Bambu Schizostachyum terminale Holtt. are 77.3251%, 47.0843%; 31.6900%; 24.4437%; and 19.1943% respectively. Dominancy index of Bambu Merambat, Bambu Tali, Bambu Lemang, Bambu Tamiang, and Bambu Schizostachyum terminale Holtt. are 0.1647; 0.0680; 0.0254; 0.0076; and 0.0076 respectively. Index diversity species (H ') of Bambu Merambat, Bambu Tali, Bambu Lemang, Bambu Tamiang, and Bambu Schizostachyum terminale Holtt. are 0.1589; 0.1522; 0.1271; 0.0922; and 0.0922 respectively. All species of bamboo found in this research have a value of H ' ˂ 1 then all species of bamboo were categorized as low value of species diversity.Keywords: Bamboo, Diversity, Sambas Botanical Garden


A two miniband model for electron transport in semiconductor superlattices that includes scattering and interminiband tunnelling is proposed. The model is formulated in terms of Wigner functions in a basis spanned by Pauli matrices, includes electron-electron scattering in the Hartree approximation and modified Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook collision tems. For strong applied fields, balance equations for the electric field and the miniband populations are derived using a ChapmanEnskog perturbation technique. These equations are then solved numerically for a dc voltage biased superlattice. Results include self-sustained current oscillations due to repeated nucleation of electric field pulses at the injecting contact region and their motion towards the collector. Numerical reconstruction of the Wigner functions shows that the miniband with higher energy is empty during most of the oscillation period: it becomes populated only when the local electric field (corresponding to the passing pulse) is sufficiently large to trigger resonant tunneling.


The cervical cancer is related to the presence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) that interacts with the Wnt/Beta-Catenin and the PI3K/pAKT/mTOR signaling pathways. The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is frequent in the spread of carcinomas, ensuring mobility of the cells to distant places. 122 cervical surgical pieces were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in order to verify the EMT process in vivo in cervical cancer progression and the activation of Wnt/Beta-Catenin and EGFR/PI3K/pAKT/mTOR pathways. In total, 24% of the invasive cancers showed full activation of EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The characteristics of the fully activated Wnt/Beta-Catenin pathway (Beta-Catenin nuclear translocation and Cytoplasmic expression of mesenchymal markers) were not detected in our cases. HPV oncogenic proteins can activate various stages of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and also destabilize key proteins for maintaining the integrity of intercellular junctions. Both processes could contribute to the development of malignancy, at least in a percentage of cases (24% in our series). mTOR is key in the modification of the cytoskeleton which allows the amoeboid mobility of cells in the invasion process of cervical neoplasia. The use of the term EMT may not always be appropriate for describing the diverse processes associated with tumor spread. Thus, the phenomenon of cervical cancer invasion could be considered as a "partial EMT".


A tool for the switch-level fault simulation and test evaluationof switched-capacitor systems is presented. Time or frequency-domainfault simulations with SWITCAP and time-domain faultsimulations with HSPICE can be performed. Adequate fault modelsare presented for both simulators. The tool has proven to bevery useful in the early evaluation of test strategies, providing similarresults to those obtained at the transistor-level.


Seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris were treated with different concentrations of IAA,NAA and 6-BA.The results indicated not only the time of the germination was reduced but also the germination rate,germination vigor,vigor index were improved with 5mg/L IAA,5mg/L NAA and 1mg/L 6-BA treatments respectively.Among these the treatment with 5mg/L IAA can obviously enhance the germination rate,germination vigor,vigor index.They can enhance the seeds germination and seeding previous growth of Phaseolus vulgaris better.


Currently, prosthetic development in Mexico is advancing imperceptibly. For this reason, some factors such as comfort and ergonomics are not taken into consideration when designing a device of this kind. The fact that hip disarticulation constitutes a minimum percentage of the prosthetic population means that no significant changes or advances are made to avoid adverse effects when a device of this type is adapted. One of the crucial aspects of this fitting is the socket, because if it is incorrectly designed, every movement between the residual limb and socket can complicate the control of the prosthesis, causing insecurity and pain when walking or in specific postures, creating injuries and infections as also collateral damage to other parts of the body. It is, therefore, necessary to design a socket that meets the specific requirements of the user, providing comfort and safety to improve the compatibility among prosthesis and the human body. The choice of suitable materials and the shape of the socket are vital points to increase comfort, which was evaluated through a perception survey, showing significant results. Finite element analysis was performed, which revealed the areas of deformation of the ergonomic socket, in order to reinforce the critical areas where it could suffer any rupture.


We investigate the real-world production of a product from five different manufacturers, each with a distinct production plan for its manufacture. We demonstrate the use of information modeling techniques to analyze and understand floor-level interactions and decision-making core to the manufacturing design for this product. Based on the insights gained herein, we propose a framework to incorporate sustainability into generalized process selection strategies. Lastly, we discuss the implications of these information modeling techniques for identifying the material information artifacts that are needed to support sustainable process design.


Sandwich panels comprising composite face sheets and a lightweight core, such as polymer foams or balsa wood, are extensively employed in marine structures as they provide superior quasi-static bending stiffness and strength to monolithic beams. The present work deals with static and dynamic response of sandwich beams and sandwich plates consisting of a viscoelastic core layer and face layers subjected to two different boundary conditions. The problem is analysed using threedimensional finite element methods and is modelled in ANSYS software. Static and dynamic response of the beam is studied by varying the parameters of the core layer such as its geometry. The sandwich plate subjected to point load is analysed statically and dynamically using finite element method under two different boundary conditions, simply supported and clampedclamped conditions. Static analysis of sandwich beams is performed by varying the thickness of core layer (t2/h) and varying the face layer material properties (isotropic, orthotropic) under simply supported and clampedclamped boundary conditions subjected to line loading. From the analysis it is observed that the static deflection of sandwich beam with isotropic face layers is increasing with the increase in t2/h value under both boundary conditions, whereas the beam with composite face layers decreasing with increase in t2/h value. The dynamic response of the sandwich beam is obtained under same conditions. The mode frequency is also affected by t2/h value with isotropic as well as composite face layers. The sandwich plate subjected to point load is analysed by varying thickness of core layer (t2) with isotropic face layer subjected to clamped-clamped boundary conditions. The present study is carried out by varying the arrangement of core layer and face layers. The static deflection is varied with the thickness of the face layer. The damping coefficient has great effect on dynamic response of the sandwich plate. The present work is useful in selecting the materials and their arrangement for safe design of sandwich structures in view of strength, stiffness, sufficient damping to control the harmonic


Summary

There are several well known approaches to proving that a linear combination of a pair of independent random variables is itself normal. Here the author offers a simple proof, based on analytical geometry, which can be used early in a statistics course.


This article has two parts. The first part provides a brief literature review on existing theoretical and empirical research in the capital structure of family firms. It argues that there are sever ...


The purpose of this research was to gain an understanding of teachers` general perception on the co-ed physical education (PE) class at junior high schools and to identify the factors that they deem critical to ensure implementation of effective co-ed PE class. The conclusions were as follows; First, it was possible to learn the research participants` general perception on the co-ed PE class by adopting unofficial in-depth interview. Based on their personal views, research participants were divided into two groups; one that advocates co-ed classes based on the general advantages of co-ed classes, and the other group that objects to co-ed PE classes, citing the difficulties in conducting co-ed classes. And they were instructing by mobilizing diverse set of methods that are suitable for co-ed PE classes by each sports event of PE textbooks` psychomotor domains. Second, key factors were drawing from the record on the defining events, which were recorded on the cases of most effective co-ed PE classes. Third, the identified key factors were shown to the research participants again, and Q-sort technique was used to list up the factors according to the order that the research participants considered important. Fourth, it was possible to understand the definition of effective co-ed PE class as perceived by the research participants by using the record, data on the Q-sort technique and on the unofficial in-depth interviews. In conclusion, teachers who are in charge of co-ed PE classes cited `teachers` passion` as the most important factor that can control other factors in order to ensure effective co-ed PE classes. This implies that the actions of teachers, who are main parties of classes, determine the effectiveness of classes.


DIDSON acoustic cameras provide a way to collect temporally dense, high-resolution imaging data, similar to videos. Detection of fish targets on those videos takes place in a manual or semi-automated manner, typically assisted by specialised software. Exploiting the visual nature of the recordings, tools and techniques from the field of computer vision can be applied in order to facilitate the relatively involved workflows. Furthermore, machine learning techniques can be used to minimise user intervention and optimise for specific detection and tracking scenarios. This study explored the feasibility of combining optical flow with a genetic algorithm, with the aim of automating motion detection and optimising target-to-background segmentation (masking) under custom criteria, expressed in terms of the result. A 1000-frame video sequence sample with sparse, smoothly moving targets, reconstructed from a 125 s DIDSON recording, was analysed under two distinct scenarios, and an elementary detection method was used to assess and compare the resulting foreground (target) masks. The results indicate a high sensitivity to motion, as well as to the visual characteristics of targets, with the resulting foreground masks generally capturing fish targets on the majority of frames, potentially with small gaps of undetected targets, lasting for no more than a few frames. Despite the high computational overhead, implementation refinements could increase computational feasibility, while an extension of the algorithms, in order to include the steps of target detection and tracking, could further improve automation and potentially provide an efficient tool for the automated preliminary assessment of voluminous DIDSON data recordings.


Abstract : The use of weakest precondition predicate transformers in the derivation of sequential, process control software is discussed. Only one extension to Dijkstra's calculus for deriving ordinary sequential programs was found to be necessary: function-valued auxiliary variables. These auxiliary variables are needed for reasoning about states of a physical process that exist during program transitions.


CIGARETTE SMOKING HAS BEEN suggested as a cause of breast cancer, but many studies addressing the relationship have yielded inconsistent results. A possible explanation is that many of these studies have overlooked the potential effects of passive exposure to cigarette smoke when assessing the effects of active smoking. A further source of confusion is the hypothesised existence of a window of vulnerability to tobacco smoke carcinogens during childhood and adolescence.1 We summarise the epidemiological evidence for a causal association between smoking and breast cancer and consider recent studies on the effects of active and passive exposure to cigarette smoke in the context of this hypothesised window of vulnerability.


We can obtain many information about rock bed such as modulus of elasticity, attenuation,variation of stress and so on, utiliz-ing elastic wave propagation. If we can make an artificial vibration source which is strong and easy to handle, we can easily know information about rock bed. Therefore, we have developed an artificial vibration source by use of a giant magnetostrictive material. A giant magnetostrictive material deform by applying magnetic field and a deformation is larger than other materials. This time we employed a giant magnetostrictive material with cylinder size of 40mm diameter and 150mm length. A coil is rolled up around the material and it is installed into a cylinder type vessel that is 60mm diameter and 300mm length. The vibration source can be drove by AC 100volt and output power is about 2000kgf. And it can drive wave forms made by an oscillator. We will present the vibration source system and some experimental results. Precise and continuous monitoring of Vp can be a measure for small stress change in rock [Reasenberg and Aki, 1974]. Piezo-electric transducers were employed as a transmitter by one of the authors for such a precise measurement. Based on the Vp change in situ and pressure dependence of Vp in laboratory, stress variation of the order of hPa was estimated at Kamaishi test site. In this study, a magnetostrictive transducer is employed as a transmitter, because of higher power than piezo-electric transducers. The newly developed measurement system is set at Mizunami test site of Nagoya University. Boxcar signal of 500 Hz is continuously applied to the transmitter. The applied voltage is 1000 V and 40 V for piezo-electric transducer and magnetostrictive transducer, respectively. The length of measurement path is 20 m and 100 m for piezo-electric transducer and magnetostrictive transducer, respectively. Based on the rock properties, in the rocks of higher quality than the rock at Mizunami, such as granitic rocks, measurement path of several kilo-meters should be available with the use of magnetostrictive transducers. We issue hypocenter parameter of felt earthquakes immediately after earthquake occurred. And after two days, we re-issue more precise hypocenter parameter of all earthquakes occurred in and around Japan. On the other hand, after four business days, the parameter of the mechanism solution issue. It is effective in the disaster prevention measures to know immediately the parameter of the hypocenter and mechanism solution. This time, we have improved the automatic determination method of the hypocenter location, focal mechanism and CMT-solution with EPOS(Earthquake and Phenomena Observation System) and REDC(Regional Earthquake information Data Cen-ter) system updating. We plan to publish in JMA HP(in Japanese only) by following in the spring of this year. We developed seafloor cabled observatory network called Dense Ocean-floor Network for Earthquake and Tsunamis (DONET) in the rupture zone of Tonankai earthquake and around to monitor earthquakes and tsunamis as well as crustal activity in the seafloor. Observation targets of DONET are earthquakes from micro-earthquakes to large earthquake of magnitude 8 such as the last Tonankai earthquake in 1944, episodic slow slip events such known as very low frequency earthquakes, tsunami generation process in the epicenter area and so on. In DONET project, 20 seafloor observatories are planned to connect to 5 seafloor observation node with 10 km extension cables. The seafloor observation nodes are connected to a backbone submarine cable of both ends landed to supply power and communicate with each observatory. With this system of backbone cable, observation node, and extension cables, we are able to establish an observatory network much denser (10-30 km separations) than the past cabled observatories. Each seafloor DONET observatory consists of a set of seismometers observing earthquakes and a set of pressure gauges observing earthquakes, tsunamis and slow crustal motion, as well as seafloor water thermometer intended for seafloor turbidity current monitoring. The seismometers are a set of broadband seismometer (Guralp CMG3T) and strong motion accelerometer (Metrozet TSA100-S), which support ground motion monitoring from the smallest to 4 G ground acceleration. The pressure gauges are a set of quartz pressure gauge (Paroscientific 8B7000-2), deep sea differential pressure gauge and hydrophone, which support seafloor pressure observation of much less than 1 Pa, very slow seafloor vertical movement as well as pressure wave of over a few MPa during a large earthquake in the vicinity. With the DONET seawater thermometer, seafloor We have developed a Laser-interferometric broadband seismometer for observations in extreme environments. As such environments, the seafloor (ocean bottom borehole) and the planet (Mars investigation etc.) are so important sites from the viewpoint of seismology. The seismic observation in ocean bottom boreholes in subduction zones is a critical way to get better comprehension of earthquake generation process and the prediction. Also, the seismic observation on a planet (earthquakes, free oscillation) is so effective way to reveal its internal structure. To perform valuable observations for such purpose, many superior specifications are simultaneously required for the seismometer, such as high sensitivity, broadband, maintenance-free, robustness, low noise, compact size (borehole/hand size), durability in high/low temperature, and radiation durability (cosmic ray). As there are no seismometers on the market that have these specs, we have originally developed a laser-interferometric type broadband seismometer. This seismometer consists of 3 sections: a laser intereferometer, a long-term pendulum, and a feedback servo electronics. Having passed through the vibration test and the temperature test, we have made the breadboard model of this seismometer. In this presentation, we will mainly show the details of the self-noise test and the evaluation through the test observation at Nokogiriyama observatory. The borehole type very broadband seismometer (Guralp Systems CMG-3TB) was installed in the 700m-deep borehole at Matsushiro Seismological Observatory (MSO) in 2008. Tsuyuki et al. (2009) investigated the noise level of this seismometer comparing with the STS-1 in the observation tunnel of MSO and found that the noise of CMG-3TB is smaller than STS-1 signifi-cantly for short period band (less than a few seconds). On the other hand, they found that the horizontal component of CMG-3TB showed fairy large noise with period of more than several minutes. They suggested that this long period noise could be reduced by installation method. Then, we reconsidered the sensor installation method, and re-installed the sensor near the bottom of borehole without the rubber seats for protection. As a result, long period noise has almost disappeared and observed data become stable. In this study, we again investigate the ground noise level of the CMG-3TB compared with other broadband seismometers installed at observation tunnel at MSO. We compared the power spectra of CMG-3TB with STS-1 and STS-2, and found that the noise level of CMG-3TB is smaller than STS-1 and STS-2 for the period of less than 2-3 seconds especially remarkable at around the period of 0.5 seconds. We could reconfirm the effect of deep borehole installation for CMG-3TB. For the period of 2-100 seconds, the noise level is almost same for CMG-3TB and STS-1. For the period of 100-1000 seconds, we can see that the noise level of CMG-3TB is a little larger than that of STS-1, but this feature is not seen for components and analyzed periods. In addition, we confirmed that the records of tidal component were almost same for CMG-3TB and STS-1. Thus, it is considered that CMG-3TB has almost as same frequency characteristic as STS-1. We carried out a seismic array observation in Nagatani dam site, Fukuoka City, Kyushu, Japan. This area are located at about 15 km away from the focal area of the 2005 West Off Fukuoka Prefecture Earthquake. Recent studies about heterogeneous structure around the focal area found strong scatteres at the SE part of the fault and the SE-extension of the fault. The part where strong scatterers exist corresponds to segment boundary between the earthquake fault and the Kego fault. However, the structures of the SE-extension have not been revealed in detail in the previous studies because of less resolution in this area. In order to investigate the inhomogeneous structures around the Kego fault, we need to obtain seismograms with high S/N ratio. The purpose of this observation is that we attempt to image distribution of scatteres around the Kego fault by dense seismic array. We carried out the array observation from August 30 to November 25, 2010. This array covered 620 m in the EW direction and 650 m in the NS direction. We installed 67 temporary seismic stations in the site. The array was composed of 2-Hz three-component seismometers with a site spacing of about 20 m. They were installed on 5 lines owing to the topography around the dam site. The lines consisted of 4, 11, 6, 24 and 22 stations, respectively. The sampling frequency was 250 Hz. More than 60 earthquakes were recorded during this period with good S/N ratios. By using these data, we will estimate scatteres around the Kego fault. Various techniques have been proposed to achieve automated hypocenter determination. However, interactive processing by analysts is still necessary to get reliable seismic catalog. When a big earthquake occur, delay in hypocenter determination is often seen, and it makes difficult to grasp the source area of the earthquake soon after the occurrence. Automated processing methods of earthquake swarms have been proposed (e.g., Horiuchi et al., 1999), in which hypocenter locations are assumed in a restricted area. When the Tonankai and Nankai earthquake occur at the same time, the sour


An Internet distributed system is a software system in which components located on networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages. The components interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal. Three significant characteristics of distributed systems are: concurrency of components, lack of a global clock, and independent failure of components. For an optimized performance for such a method requires appropriate client-server assignment. We can accomplish such a distributed system by primarily taking into account the factors like full communication load and load balancing of the servers. Optimizing the overall performance of such a system then can be formulated as a client-server assignment problem whose aim is to assign the clients to the servers in such a way to satisfy some prespecified requirements on the communication cost and load balancing. We show that 1) the total communication load and load balancing are two opposing metrics, and consequently, their tradeoff is inherent in this class of distributed systems; 2) in general, finding the optimal client-server assignment for some prespecified requirements on the total load and load balancing is NP-hard, and therefore; 3) we propose a heuristic via relaxed convex optimization for finding the approximate solution. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm produces superior performance than other heuristics, including the popular Normalized Cuts algorithm. sIn this paper we examined a method depending on an algorithm which obtains an approximately optimal solution for the client-server assignment problem. Annavarapu Mahendra Babu


An adjuvant for CMP(Chemical Mechanical Polishing) is provided to improve polishing selectivity of the negatively charged material by minimizing cohesion of the abrasive particles by using polymer particles having a core-shell structure with nanoscale particles smaller than that of the abrasive particles, and desirably, an average particle size ranging from 10 nm to 100 nm, the surface of which is negatively charged. An adjuvant used for a process of polishing an object made of a positively charged material and an object of a negatively charged material simultaneously with abrasive particles, which is absorbed onto the object made of positively charged material thereby to prevent the object of positively charged material from being polished, and thus improves polishing selectivity of the object of negatively charged material, the adjuvant comprises polymer particles having a core-shell structure of a nanoscale particle size smaller than that of the abrasive particles, whose surfaces are negatively charged.


The nation-state faces an increasing number of what we refer to as ''transboundary threats.'' A transboundary threat is characterized by the potential to cross geographical and functional boundaries. These characteristics outstrip the capacity of nation-states and national bureaucracies that were designed to deal with more classic threats. Theinstitutional challenge, we argue, is to build effective transboundary systems for managing these complex threats. In this essay, we ask what role the European Union can play in such an endeavor. We document the EU's growing crisis management and security capacities and offer an initial assessment of these capacities. We surmise that the EU will play a significant but rather circumscribed role, one which reflects the EU's unique system of supranational governance.


ABSTRACT The European financial crisis has inspired a wave of social activism, challenging established party politics. In Ireland, a large social protest movement produced a Right2Change political campaign in 2015 that confronted the right-wing consensus in Irish politics. Some activists sought to emulate and learn from the example of new parties like Spain's Podemos. Yet, to date, the traditional party structure remains intact, and hopes of emulating the success of activists elsewhere remain muted. At the same time, anti-austerity activism in Ireland has seen a conscious attempt to engage in intense dialogue with the pan-European experience. Irish activists have looked to Europe before for inspiration and a sharing of experiences; but the most recent attempt to create a Europeanised public space in response to the perceived 'blockage' in the Irish party system is something fairly innovative. This article, based in part on ten semi-structured interviews with politicians and social movement activists, considers the achievements and failings of the Irish anti-austerity movement to date.


In epidemiological cohort studies in which there are many important primary outcomes, epidemiologic analysis often examine multiple associations between outcomes and explanatory covariates or risk factors in separate univariate analysis, as if each were the only primary outcome of interest in the study. This analytical approach is unsatisfactory for the fallowing reasons; a) - multiple responses from the same individual are often correlated so it may be inefficient to treat each analysis as if it has been conducted in a separate groups of patients, b) - this approach is unable to answer questions concerning relationship among the outcomes such as similarities and differences in risk factors for the multiple outcomes and c)- it has the problem of multiplicity of the significant testing and confidence interval construction. Data from the cohort of epileptic patients who had been followed up for five years were obtained. For the group of patient's three equally important outcome variables; developmental retardation, neurological abnormality and one year seizure free period at the age of five were determined on all patients with additional data as covariates. Important risk factors for the three outcomes variables were examined separately by regression models in a binary responses and it is shown the inadequacy of the approach then several multivariate modeling of data are examined and compared and finally findings were discussed in term of what it means for the patients.


Targeted treatment methods and technologies were adopted according to different water quality,with the standards for effluent discharge reached.Treated wastewater can be recycled partialy,and the discharge can be reduced to achieve the objective of saving energy and reducing discharge.


Abstract Point Height Intercept (PHI) analysis consists of projecting a number of vertical sight-lines or rigid sampling rods through the vegetation. For any such projection three empirical observations can be made, viz, the number of points at which the sight-line or rod intercepts foliage, the species of foliage, and the vertical distance from ground to and between points intercepted. A variety of structural parameters can be calculated from a plot of this information.


In the ambit of the subject Project Seminar of the Licence course in Engineering of Agro-Food Industries in Escola Superior Agraria de Viseu, the present article shows an extract of the work made aiming at the project of an industrial plant for the processing of apple and pear nectars. The study included, among others, the processing operations, the project of equipment units, definition of industrial layout, the calculation of the initial investment and an economic evaluation of the validity of the project. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to verify that for such an industrial plant, the initial investment is expected to be recovered in 10 years of functioning.


The issue of "The Real Right Law" has basically established the countryside collective member rights system,which is a great progress in the system of countryside collective land ownership of China.To a certain degree,it can protect the property of members.However,the law is just a framework.By comparing the right to other relative rights,such as stock right,etc,this article defines the value of the right,in order to better realizing the purpose of setting up this right.


AN INTRODUCTION TO THE GRAMMAR OF THE TIBETAN LANGUAGE. With the texts of Situhi sum-rtafs, Dag-je sal-wai me-long, and Situhi shal-lun. By SARAT CHANDRA DAS, C.I.E. 4to; pp. 12, xxvii, 62, 57, 88, 28, 35. Darjeeling, 1915. The title of this work scarcely gives an adequate notion of the variety and extent of the contents. The introduction itself is based, as the author tells us, on the Grammar of Csoma de Koros, but the material which he has collected and edited is likely to be epoch-making in the history of Tibetan grammar. The Si-tuhi-swm-rtags consists of the Sum-cu-pa and Rtags-kyi-hjug-pa of Thon-mi Sambhota (the introducer of the alphabet and grammar into Tibet), together with a commentary on both works by Situ Panchen. The study of Tibetan grammar in the West began witli an attempt to classify all the words of this agglutinative language according to the grammatical categories of Latin. This at first unavoidable method has gradual^ been relaxed, and the study of the native grammarians ought to free the grammar still more from the incongruous classifications imposed upon it; although, as Sambhota learnt his grammar through Sanskrit, we cannot hope to find a grammatical system as free from foreign influence as we do in the case of Greek or Arabic.


Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a major subset of highly conserved non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that consist of at least 200 nucleotides and have limited protein‐coding potential. Cumulative data have shown that lncRNAs are deregulated in many types of cancer and may control pathophysiological processes of cancer at various levels, including transcription, post‐transcription and translation. Recently, lncRNAs have been demonstrated to interact with microRNAs (miRNAs), another major subset of ncRNAs, which regulate physiological and pathological processes by inhibiting target mRNA translation or promoting mRNA degradation. The lncRNA urothelial carcinoma‐associated 1 (UCA1) has recently gained much attention as it is overexpressed in many types of cancer and is involved in carcinogenesis. Here, we review the crosstalk between UCA1 and miRNAs during the pathogenesis of cancer, with a focus on cancer‐cell proliferation, invasion, drug resistance, and metabolism.


An Omni-directional periodic dielectric rod antenna operating in TMon mode is investigated. As an eigenvalue problem, the structure is analyzed theoretically with mode matching technique. The radiation characteristics are calculated for different parameters with a particular attention directed to the Brewster angle effect on the performaces of the antenna.


This paper aims at explaining: students' and teachers' opinion on reading materials integrating Tri Hita Karana values and students' reading comprehension before and after the implementation of that reading materials. The data of the study were collected through questionnaire, scoring rubric, pre-test, and post-test. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The result of the study shows that the students and teachers have positive opinion toward the reading materials that integrate Tri Hita Karana values. It can be seen from the result of the questionnaire that shows both the students and the teachers gave more positive comments than negative comments. The result of the scoring rubric that aims at measuring the quality of the reading materials shows that both the students and the English teachers gave a high score that indicates the reading materials have a high quality. Furthermore, the implementation of reading materials that integrate Tri Hita Karana values also improved students' reading comprehension. It is proven by the result of pre-test and post-test that were delivered before and after the implementation of the reading materials that integrate Tri Hita Karana values.During the pre-test, the students'mean score was 65,18 and it improved into 74.29 on the post test.


The invention provides an electronic system, electronic equipment and an electromagnetic protection method. The electronic system comprises a system ground, at least one piece of electronic equipment, at least one transient disturbance suppression device and at least one suspension ground, wherein the at least one piece of electronic equipment is connected to the system ground, each piece of electronic equipment is connected to one suspension ground corresponding to the electronic equipment, each suspension ground is connected to the system ground through one transient disturbance suppression device corresponding to the suspension ground, and the transient disturbance suppression devices are used for releasing energy generated due to transient disturbance of the electronic equipment. According to the invention, because a single transient disturbance suppression device or multiple layers of transient disturbance suppression devices are connected between the system ground(s) and the suspension ground(s), static electricity accumulation is avoided, transient disturbance to each piece of electronic equipment is timely released, interference and damage to the electronic equipment is avoided, and normal operation of the electronic system is ensured.


The result of burning hydrogen which is environmentally friendly makes hydrogen as a very attractive fuel. Hydrogen storage is interesting research material. One alternative to hydrogen storage is a metal-hydride as NaBH4. In this paper, the catalyst for hydrogen production from storage, namely The result of burning hydrogen, which is environmentally friendly, makes hydrogen a desirable fuel. Hydrogen storage is exciting research material. One alternative to hydrogen storage is a metal-hydride as NaBH4. In this paper, the catalyst for hydrogen production from storage, namely NaBH4, was synthesized by electrochemical. Ni-B catalyst with hydroxyapatite as catalyst support was prepared by electrochemical. Ni-B/HA catalyst was synthesized at various current densities (namely 67, 133, and 200 mA/cm2) and various electrolysis times (namely 30, 60, and 90 minutes). The resulting catalysts were analyzed by XRD and used as the catalyst for hydrogen production from the hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4. The fastest hydrogen production was obtained using a catalyst generated at 133 mA/cm2 and an electrolysis time of 60 minutes. The reaction rate equation for the hydrolysis of NaBH4 has a first-order reaction to the concentration of NaBH4. The resulting reaction rate constant ranged from 233.33 mL/g/min to 861.11 mL/g/min. The relationship between reaction temperature and reaction rate constant can be expressed by the equation k = 2.2x106exp (5534/T).


what extent Kate reflects her input languages. The focus of the analysis consisted of all possible forms (in the input languages) that may be used to mark gender distinctions, viz. definite articles, changeable adjectives, demonstratives, and possessive and personal pronouns. The results show there to be great differences between Kate's use of English and Dutch: from the beginning of the study, her use of the above elements is fully language specific, and most non-adult-like usage is relatable to formal and semantic aspects existing in the separate input languages. In no way can the child's other language be taken as a guide for predicting patterns of use. These findings suggest that from an early age onwards, the acquisition of linguistic elements is very much guided by specific formal and semantic properties of the language(s) that the child is acquiring. This implies that in cross-linguistic research it is not sufficient to take relative differences of


Calculations based on the exact probability density function of the received power show that for a fixed total crosstalk power, the incoherent crosstalk penalty increases with the number of crosstalk signals. Performed experiments verify this.


Young People and Social Change: Individualization and Risk in Late Modernity. Andy Furlong and Fred Cartmel. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press, 1997.


The method of estimating uncertainties in measurement is introduced in many thesis, from application perspective ,this paper presents the evaluation of uncertainty in measurement and its application in the outcome evaluation of the inter-laboratory comparisons according to the uncertainty evaluation for a subjective inspection of cotton staple length.


Loeb, 1 and later Loeb and Bassett, 2 and Silberberg 3 studied the effects of various anterior pituitary preparations upon the thyroid gland; the former investigators also correlated the changes in the thyroid thus produced with those that take place in the sex organs under the influence of anterior pituitary preparations. 4 It was found that various preparations have different effects. Intraperitoneal injections of acid and alkaline extracts of fresh cattle glands cause a very marked hypertrophy of the thyroid gland in a very short time; while on the contrary the feeding of Armour's anterior pituitary tablets produced structural changes indicating a decreased activity of the gland. Loeb and Siebert 5 found that the oral administration of anterior pituitary substance prepared in our laboratory does not produce the same effects as the Armour preparation. According to Loeb and Bassett 2 repeated subcutaneous inoculations of anterior pituitary gland tissue obtained from freshly killed guinea pigs caused only very slight hypertrophic changes, if any, in the thyroid gland, while inoculations with somewhat larger quantities of fresh cattle gland produced definite hypertrophic changes. In view of the effect of these preparations on the thyroid gland in guinea pigs and considering the significance of the thyroid gland in basal metabolism, we thought it of importance to study the action of these various anterior pituitary preparations on the basal metabolism in guinea pigs. Our principal findings are as follows: 1. Daily subcutaneous injections of either acid or alkaline extracts of anterior pituitary glands of cattle cause a very marked and rapid rise in basal metabolism, which reaches a maximum of approximately +60% within the first 10 days. Then the basal metabolism gradually returns to a level approximately 15% higher than the average found in normal guinea pigs.


The demographic characteristics of research examinees showed that male students were 122(44%) and female ones 155(56%), and teenagers 142 per age. The average monthly pocket money appeared that 96 students received more than 200,000(34.7%) and it was analyzed that 243(87.7%) resided in their homes. The research of fast-food choice factors resulted in the fact that female students who were easily influenced by their friends were 83, while males 57. And, masoom tock influence on 40 female students and 20 male ones, besides others included 39 male and 30 female students. They most preferred hamburger and pizza(94) among the fast-food menus, and taste like sesame was most preferred among the characteristic factors of food taste. And as a result of factor analysis of menu, Cronbach alpha coefficient Fc 2 of reliability appeared highest as 0.7694, next, Fc 3 as 0.6965, and Fc 1 lowest as 0.6403. The reliability among the specific items of this study may be regarded high. And the difference between groups according to gender appeared that Fc 1. Fc 2, and Fc 3 were significantly different at 5% level as a result of T-examination analysis and the distributed analysis of the average monthly pocket money resulted in the fact that the difference between groups appeared significantly at F3 below significant level of 0.05. The testing of the difference of reason why the fast-food is preferred according to frequency of use per week lead to Chi-square value of 41.399 with free degree of 12, so significant degree became 0.000. The zero hypothesis that the two variables are not independent each other is not reserved because it has a small value of significant degree below 0.05, and the permanent hypothesis is adopted.


After September eleven, the face of Islam in the global world was dominated by the fundamentalism. Here, the effect of the accident not only felt by the Osama bin Laden who became the number one public enemy, but also Islam get trickle effect from this accident. In this paper, the writer elaborates the significance of interreligious dialogue based on the dialogue of civilization. In the multicultural era one method or way to minimize the prejudices that exist under the consciousness of people is through dialogue, whether interreligious and interfaith dialogue, or dialogue of civilization. However, the dialogue in this paper should be understood in the state of becoming and going on process. This process is based on particular doctrine to common plat form (kalimah sawa'). This article gives some review from Islamic perspective. Of course, these values support religious and inter-faith dialogue, or what the writer called "blueprint" of dialogue.


Abstract : The theme of the Thirty-Third Annual Military Librarians Workshop was Technology in Transition. The workshop, sponsored by the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, was held at the Sheraton Gunter Hotel in downtown San Antonio. Discussion topics included Hypermedia, Local Area Networks, CD-ROM catalogs, Emerging Technologies, and Total Quality Management.... Collection analysis, Information management, CD-ROM, Local-area networks, Hypermedia, Total quality management.


In millimeter-wave wireless communications systems, analog beamforming technology is being used to overcome technical drawbacks such as limited service coverage, high atmospheric loss, and insufficient signal-to-noise ratios. However, the errors caused by circuit implementation, quantized control, and imperfect isolation between antenna elements result in radiation pattern distortion and performance deterioration. In this work, we derived the statistical behavior of radiation pattern distortion due to random error, quantization noise, and mutual coupling. The analysis revealed that the radiation pattern distortion follows the Beckmann distribution.


Thanks to their versatility, photonic systems are very promising platforms for exploring topological physics beyond what is physically reachable in solid-state crystals [1] . In this sense, lattices of semiconductor microcavities confining exciton-polaritons, an hybrid quasi-particle formed from the strong coupling of optical photons and quantum well excitons, offer many advantages. For example, their intrinsic non-hermitian nature allows for probing specific topological properties efficiently and without relying on complex schemes.


Investigating the Difficulties Facing Sudanese learners in pronouncing English Vowel Sounds (A case Study of the 4year English language Students, College of Languages, Sudan University of Science and Technology يصقت تابوعصلا يتلا ت هجاو نيينادوسلا بلاطلا يف قطن ةكرحتملا تاوصلأا ) ةسا رد ةيزيلجنلإا ةغللا بلاط هلاح لا عبا رلا يوتسم تاغللا هيلك نادوسلا هعماج مولعلل او ايجولونكتل ) A Research Submitted as partial Fulfillment for the Requirement of M.A Degree in English language (Applied Linguistics)


The food industries in Japan ban used edible oil in the amount of some hundred thousand tons every year. The color deterioration of the oil used for frying in the industries, and recovered on a large scale, was investigated. Virgin frying oil, whose mineral content was adjusted to that of recovered oil, was spiked with several components of fried foods (separately and in combination), then heated at 180°C for up to 70 h. From the change in oil viscosity, the apparent heating time of recovered oil was judged to be 20 h. It was found that in practice, starch, proteins, sugar, and pigments had little to do with the deterioration, whereas the amino acids, especially Cys, Met, Trp and the oil itself contributed to the deterioration. These amino acids seem to be exuded from foodstuffs during frying. The level of minerals in the oil affected the deterioration and viscosity increase of oil itself, in rate as well as in degree although the deterioration by amino acids was not affected much by mineral content. In conclusion, it is suggested that color deterioration of frying oil used in the Japanese food industry is attributable to (i) the amino-carbonyl reaction between thermally oxidized oil and amino acids exuded by fried stuffs, and (ii) coloring of oil itself influenced much by mineral content.


Chinese traditional culture has significant impacts on the development of the ancient Chinese language,which is most clearly shown in the theory that man is an integral part of the nature.Apart from the homogeneity of mankind and nature,the most important embodiment of this theory is the communication between man and God and their co-existence.Those words reflecting the communication between man and God show man's intention of harmonious co-existence with God and thus blessings and luck,while the words reflecting the co-existence between man and God imply the harmonious co-existence of man and nature,mainly man's worship,intimacy and obedience to the nature and man's admiration to the nature as well as its imitation and utilization.


Abstract At present the letter sizes of traffic sign are variously designated as 22 cm through 60 cm, however the basis for determination has not been found so far. Driver's visual acuity for getting a driver licence is required higher than 0.5. In o rder to interpret the information of traffic signs effectively, the minimum requirement of driver's visual acuity must be applied to determine the letter size of traffic sign. Therefore we reviewe d that a driver with visual acui ty of 0.5 could read the current letter sizes of traffic sign. In addition, a methodology was de veloped to determine the letter size of traffic sign satisfied with the driver's visual acuity of 0.5. This study established scenarios that were composed of visual acuity, reaction time, the number of lane and the letter sizes of traffic sign for each scenario wer e proposed. Current letter size of traffic sign would not be di fficult for drivers with minimum visual acuity of 0.5 to recognize the contents or information of traffic signs. The method developed in this research has an advantage that can consider a human factor like driver's visual acuity for the design of traffic signs. T here is also a meaning of making a basis for the letter size of traf fic sign.Key words : Traffic Sign, Letter Size, Driver's Visual Acuity, Reaction Time, Human Factor† 이 논문은 2010년도 전남대학교 학술연구비 지원에 의하여 연구되었음. * 주저자 및 교신저자 : 전남대학교 물류교통학전공 부교수** 공저자 : 한국도로공사 도로교통연구원 책임연구원† 논문접수일 : 2012년 11월 28일† 논문심사일 : 2012년 12월 5일† 게재확정일 : 2012년 12월 6일


The paper presents a development framework for direct digital signal synthesis targeting FPGA using the novel amplitude sequencing architecture. An analysis of the frequency purity and timing characteristics of the architecture is presented as key elements in the design process. An emulator for the generator circuit using the Xilinx picoBlaze microprocessor is proposed as a development framework in early design. The emulation of the generator in Xilinx picoBlaze code for single and double byte word length was used. Timing delays for the generator module were implemented as add on logic. The design of a three frequencies pack synthesizer using the integrated development environment is presented as a practical validation test. The flexible solution determined using the framework for a three frequency case sample application exemplifies the versatility of the proposed framework.


A real-time millimeter wave radio-over-fiber link is experimentally demonstrated transmitting up to 1:4 Gbit=s 5G OFDM signals through a multi-core fiber to an 8×4 antenna array employing analog beamforming to radially track a moving receiver.


This paper examines the politico-legal debates surrounding the efficacy of legal pluralism as a tool to counter injustice. Although justice and injustice in reality will always prosper amidst heterogeneous pluralities, it must be determined that law is not a watertight entity capturing the entirety of life but an internally plural phenomenon, evolving through situation-specific scrutiny and lived experiences. Managing competing forces of legal pluralism vis-a-vis a plurality-conscious framework has become increasingly dynamic, internally vigilant, extremely liquid and highly explosive. However, amidst unyielding State-centric etatism, reform-orientated activists yearn for a momentary glimpse of the moon of bliss. This famous kahani (story) is easily told: Little Krishna demands the moon as a toy and his mother Yashoda cleverly holds up a mirror, so that Krishna sees the reflection of the moon in the mirror and can play with that. This paper seeks to explain that although pluralist's yearn for the moon, in reality, the modalities and scope of legal pluralism, within the lacunae of international law, must be reassessed. A sense of myopia has permeated within complex legal landscapes, with the need for a deep sense of plurality-conscious justice enabling pluralists to enjoy a momentary glimpse of the moon of bliss, but never the full moon of justice.


It is fitting to acknowledge the value of recent commentaries about the Book of Numbers (the new ATD and the BK) for their contribution to the re-evaluation that they propose on the documentary hypothesis (especially the BK). However, it is necessary to condemn the lapses that have occurred in relation to the priestly document (P). Future exegesis risks being damaged by this as it has been in the past. In order to avoid this risk the author reaffirms his hypothesis, the fruit of a vast amount of study.The third and final editing (Pss), which unites the Tetrateuch and the Deuteronomic work, moved some passages (Pg in Deut 32,48-52 e 34,7-8, e Ps in Joshua 13-22) of the priestly document from the end of Numbers. It is extremely dangerous to consider that the editor is also the author as this could lead to the conclusion that some original antique passages are attributed to him and thus are late.


In this paper,a numerical spetral approximation is given for a heat-transfering initial-boundary value problem in 1D.With Chebyshev spectral approximation,an ideal numerical resuet is obtained.At the same thime,its stability and error estimate with respect to the numerical solution are investigated.


The present invention discloses a method for localized scrolling table display in a webpage. The method includes: dividing a table being displayed into at least a 2 x 2 array of an upper left table, a lower left table, an upper right table and a lower right table; setting the lower left table and the upper right table to hide portions that are beyond display area; and setting the lower right table to hide portions that are beyond the display area and to include a vertical scrollbar and a horizontal scrollbar. The upper right table and the lower right table are controlled by the horizontal scrollbar, and the lower left table and the lower right table are controlled by the vertical scrollbar. The present invention is able to display a table in a webpage with a localized scrolling display and a partial frozen display, and allows unlimited number of data columns and rows in the webpage and still maintains good readability. This satisfies the need for displaying table of a large amount of data for data comparison, and allows the user to conveniently and freely scroll any cell of the table to the display area to be displayed.


ABSTRAK Nabila, Azza. 2018. Grammatical Errors in Writing Recount Text Made by X Graders. Thesis. Department of English, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Negeri Malang. Advisors: (I) Dr. Niamika El Khoiri, M. A., (II) Dr. Enny Irawati, M. Pd. Keywords: grammatical error, recount text In learning a new language, larners cannot avoid doing errors since there is a cognitive process toward reconstruction the target language. There found a repeated errors in a major English component which is grammar. Grammar is the structure of English features in general. Though many researchers investigated grammatical errors, it is still problematic and becomes intensive concern for EFL context. This study aims to describe the grammatical errors in writing recount text made by X graders. This research include 32 students in X Mipa 6 of MAN 2 Malang. The data is obtained from their writing to find out what grammatical errors types based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy by Dulay et al. (1982). Those errors, then, are derived into four types namely error of omission, addition, misformation and misordering. The finding shows that there found 655 errors consisting of 332 misformation errors (50.69%), 198 omission errors (30.23%), 100 addition errors (15.28%) and 25 misordering (3.83%). Compared to other studies regarding to grammatical error in EFL, the study reveals that the errors are more on grammatical morpheme such as suffix –ed/–d, suffix –ing, article, preposition, verb tense, etc. It is inferred that learners still have not mastered the grammar well particularly in the use of past form reflected to the finding. According to th finding above, some suggestion are given to teachers and future researchers. For English teachers, they can modify the learning strategies in teaching grammar such as using dictogloss. They also need to expose the students to which part of their incorrect grammar and teach them explicitly. Discovering other factor affecting students in making grammatical errors and using another error taxonomy are recommended for future researchers.


Despite the extensive research, molecular markers for separating benign and
malignant neoplasms or identification of the subgroup of patients with papillary thyroid
carcinoma (PTC) and higher risk for more aggressive biological behaviour are yet to
be found.
The connection of Piwil2 and HMGA2 overexpression, either proteins or genes,
with more aggressive clinical course was identified in several malignant neoplasms.
Recent studies were focused on separating benign and malignant thyroid tumors. The
correlation between piwil2 and HMGA2 overexpression and clinical progression of PTC
has not been investgated.
The aim of this research was immunohistochemical analysis of piwil2 and
HMGA2 expression in PTC with and without regional lymph node metastasis (RLNM)
as well as in follicular adenomas (FA), hyperplastic nodules (HN) and non-neoplastic
thyroid tissue (NNTT).
By retrospective analysis of 150 tissue samples (30 PTC with RLNM and 30
PTC without RLNM, 30 FA, 30 HN, 30 NNTT) it was determined that expression of
piwil2 i HMGA2 was significantly higher in PTC (96,7%, 96,7%) as opposed to FA
(73,3%, 13,3%), HN (63,3%, 3,3%) and NNTT (76,7%, 0%), respecively, (P<0,001).
There was no statistically significant difference in expression of piwil2 and
HMGA2 between PTC with RLNM and PTC without RLNM (100,0% vs 96,7%; 93,0%
vs 96,7%, respectively). Overexpression of piwil2 and HMGA2 can not be associated
with more aggressive biological behaviour of PTC.
HMGA2 overexpression predicts PTC with high sensitiyity (97,78%) and
specificity (100%).