A particularly difficult problem in using GPR for land mine detection is the shallow depth at which many mines are buried. The scattered energy from a mine may be very small, whereas the specular scattering form the surface, as well as the direct coupling between transmitter and receiver, are often quite large. If the mine is shallow, the difference in propagation delay between these responses is very small, and resolving the mine form the specular surface reflection is difficult. Even if the radar bandwidth is sufficient to resolve closely spaced targets, detecting the smaller target is problematic.


A nonintrusive acoustic technique has been developed to obtain the fluctuating heat release rate distribution in open premixed turbulent flames. Propane-air flames of equivalence ratio 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 with a 16.4 mm diam burner and a 11.55 m/s mean flow speed have been employed. The flame sound pressures in the near field were measured in an anechoic chamber. With the acoustic spectra as the input, the heat release rate spectral information was obtained by numerically using an augmented Galerkin method to solve a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. Computed results have been qualitatively verified by C2 emission studies. The experimentally observed correspondence between mean and rms C2 emission intensity implies that the shape of the mean heat release rate distribution can, in principle, be deduced by the acoustic technique. A a D E F f G g H I i K k L L ~


Once upon a time, oral storytelling ruled. It was the medium through which people learned their history, settled their arguments and came to make sense of the phenomena of their world. Then along came the written world with all its mysterious symbols. The ability to read and write now ruled many lands. Oral storytelling, like the simpleminded youngest brother in the olden tales, was foolishly cast aside. Oh, in casual ways people continued to tell each other stories at bedtime, across the dinner tables, and around campfires, but the respect for storytelling as a tool of learning was almost forgotten. (NCTE Guideline, 1992)


In the Canadian disability rights movement, with regards to autism specifically, there has been a shift towards recognizing what is called a social model of disability. Through this movement, there has been a desire to incorporate that model into practice in governments, institutions, and healthcare. This desire also stems from advocate-centric and first-voice communities, where disabilities like autism are not viewed through a deficit-based lens. This article aims to discuss the often polarizing social and medical models of disability, comparing their uses in the disability world while weighing their respective benefits. Finally, an alternative model of disability that intersects these models is discussed as an alternative. This model is called the International Classification of Functioning, which recognizes three levels that impair a disabled person: the body, the person, and the environment. It is from this focus that policy can be developed to answer the calls of the pan-disability movement; to provide equitable changes across services and domains that are rightly deserved for Autistic and disabled people.


In this paper, we analyzed the electrical characteristics of the total reflection by changing the gap of frames and solar cells, and between solar cells in crystalline silicon solar modules. First, the distance between frames and solar cells got controlled from 0 ㎜ to 10 ㎜ with 2 ㎜ increments by opacity sheet. The modules used in this study were 30 W and 220 W. The efficiency of modules was measured using the solar simulator at standard test conditions (STC). To analyze the effect in terms of the distance between solar cells, five modules were made with 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10mm gap. And then we measured the electrical characteristics of modules. As the result, the maximum power of PV modules improved as the gap of frame and solar cell, and between solar cells increased. However, the increase rate decreased and got saturated at 8㎜. It indicates that the 8mm gap might be the optimized condition in making the module in this experiment. These results provide fundamental and valuable information for PV module manufacturing industry.


Background: Few studies have been conducted to explore the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 in eosinophilic gastroenteritis patients. Therefore, the expression profile of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 in the gastrointestinal tract of eosinophilic gastroenteritis patients and its associations with clinical features were explored in this study. Methods: Thirty-four eosinophilic gastroenteritis patients who presented in Ruijin Hospital from December 2012 to May 2019 and had accepted gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations were recruited. Medical records and endoscopic biopsies were collected, and the prognosis was followed up by telephone. Healthy persons were selected as the control group. Hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining were performed in both eosinophilic gastroenteritis patients and healthy persons. The final results were analyzed by skilled pathologists, and mean optical density values of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 were calculated by Image J software. Final results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software 22.0. Results: Thirty-four patients (mean age: 25.56 ± 21.14 years, 61.76% males) were recruited for this study. There was no significant difference in tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 mean optical density values of gastric tissues in eosinophilic gastroenteritis patients and healthy people (0.22 ± 0.16 vs. 0.14 ± 0.05, P > .05). Eosinophilic gastroenteritis patients had a significantly lower level of intestinal tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 mean optical density values than that of healthy people (0.16 ± 0.05 vs. 0.23 ± 0.06, P < .05). Intestinal tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 mean optical density values negatively linearly correlated with serum interleukin-10 level (r = −0.618, P  = .043 < .05). There were no differences between eosinophilic gastroenteritis patients with or without relapse regarding the expression level of intestinal tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (P  = .227 > .05). Conclusion: Patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis might have a deficiency of intestinal tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 compared to healthy controls.


Following the introduction of measles‐rubella (MR) catch‐up vaccination in 2001 and two dose measles‐mumps‐rubella (MMR2) keep‐up program in 2002, the incidence of measles, mumps, and rubella was not evaluated systematically. To describe the recent changes in epidemiology, a population‐based incidence study from 2001 to 2015 using national notifiable disease surveillance data was conducted. Between 2001 and 2015, there was decrease in the incidence of measles and rubella, whereas a steady increase in mump incidence was noted. The age distribution of mumps cases has shifted to the older age group, whereas rubella became more frequent in younger age group. The incidence of mumps showed an increase in every birth cohorts, except for the decrease in incidence for catch‐up vaccination cohort from 131 cases in 2007‐2011 to 64 cases per 100 000 in 2012‐2015. Continuing in monitoring of mumps and strengthening of the high two‐dose MMR vaccination coverage should be taken place in Korea.


In the Unit 3 of Oskarshamn Nuclear Power Plant, 2008, a control rod stem was detected to be broken. A study made by Forsmarks Kraftgrupp AB (Tinoco and Lindqvist (2009)) revealed that thermal fatigue was the origin of the cracks. The objective of this project is to find the low frequency temperature oscillations that caused the control rod stem to break and to provide data for the experimental setup used in the THEMFE project at KTH university, Stockholm. The thermal mixing was simulated with OpenFOAM using the chtMultiRegionFoam solver. The turbulence model, mesh, numerical schemes, boundary and initial conditions were carefully chosen and adapted to our case. The results from the URANS and LES allowed us to give a rough estimation of the length of the mixing zone of about 6 cm. Unfortunately, the thermal fatigue could not be properly studied due to the low amount of simulated seconds. Further conclusions will be made after a long term simulation.


Vocational high school quality is determined by the workability of its graduates, the partnerships with business and industry, as well as the professionalism of its teachers. The purpose of this study is to identify the needs of quality improvement of vocational high school teachers in accordance with the Teachers' Disposition Index focusing on student-centered dimension, professionalism, and curriculum‐centered dimension. The study employed a questionnaire survey as the methodology, and the sample of the population was randomly selected 300 teachers in Indonesia. The findings showed that teachers need to improve their quality in the aspect of student-centered dimensions, including effective instructional strategies, responsibility, learning environment, and collaboration with others. While, professionalism and curriculum-centered dimension, including teacher's knowledge and positive attitude, facilitation of learning, communication skill, and implementation of the curriculum and learning programs. Based on the results, our expectation is that vocational high school teachers should improve teaching quality by developing student-centered learning environment and teachers' professionalism to make students learn more optimally.


The purpose of this paper is to show the potential use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the induction motor direct torque control (DTC) scheme. The speed estimators using ANNs are contrasted with the speed adaptive flux observer (Luenberger observer). The paper proposes a complete DTC scheme using two different ANNs to estimate the rotor speed, one of them is a classical feedforward neural network (FFNN) and the other one is a FFNN chosen by genetic algorithms. The performance of the proposed scheme is carried out by simulation tests using MATLAB/SIMULINK.


In this paper, we will show that it is highly beneficial to model dual-porosity reservoirs using matrix refinement (similar to the multiple interacting continua, MINC, of Preuss, 1985) for water displacing oil. Two practical situations are considered. The first is the effect of matrix refinement on the unsteady-state pressure solution, and the second situation is modeling water-oil, Buckley-Leverett (BL) displacement in waterflooding a fracture-dominated flow domain.
 The usefulness of matrix refinement will be illustrated using a three-node refinement of individual matrix blocks. Furthermore, this model was modified to account for matrix block size variability within each grid cell (in other words, statistical distribution of matrix size within each grid cell) using a discrete matrix-block-size distribution function. The paper will include two mathematical models, one unsteady-state pressure solution of the pressure diffusivity equation for use in rate transient analysis, and a second model, the Buckley-Leverett model to track saturation changes both in the reservoir fractures and within individual matrix blocks. To illustrate the effect of matrix heterogeneity on modeling results, we used three matrix bock sizes within each computation grid and one level of grid refinement for the individual matrix blocks.
 A critical issue in dual-porosity modeling is that much of the fluid interactions occur at the fracture-matrix interface. Therefore, refining the matrix block helps capture a more accurate transport of the fluid in-and-out of the matrix blocks. Our numerical results indicate that the none-refined matrix models provide only a poor approximation to saturation distribution within individual matrices. In other words, the saturation distribution is numerically dispersed; that is, no matrix refinement causes unwarranted large numerical dispersion in saturation distribution. Furthermore, matrix block size-distribution is more representative of fractured reservoirs.


There are many aspects to the understanding barriers of college English reading comprehension. Lack of vocabulary, cross-culture barriers and lack of certain reading skills may lead to misunderstandings and affect reading comprehension. This paper analyzes barriers mentioned above and methods to the solution, aimed at improving students' reading accuracy.


Ice sheets constitute the largest and most uncertain potential source of future sea-level rise. The Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6) brings together a consortium of international ice sheet and climate models to explore the contribution from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to future sea-level rise.

We use the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM, pism-docs.org) to carry out spinup and projection simulations for the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Our treatment of the ice-ocean boundary condition previously based on 3D ocean temperatures (initMIP-Antarctica) has been adopted to use the ISMIP6 parameterisation and 3D ocean forcing fields (temperature and salinity) according to the ISMIP6 protocol.

In this study, we analyse the impact of the choices made during the model initialisation procedure on the initial state. We present the AWI PISM results of the ISMIP6 projection simulations and investigate the ice sheet response for individual basins. In the analysis, we distinguish between the local and non-local ice shelf basal melt parameterisation.


Some methods of retained austenite measurement on high chromium cast iron were compared.The X-ray diffraction and magnetic permeability methods have their limits and suitable scope.For the structure of perfered orientation,the volume of retained austenite could be measured correctly by rotating and tilting specimen holder.


An innovative functionalization method allowing to greatly increase the Faraday effect of microstructured silica-based optical fibers is described. This method relies on the coating of a sol-gel thin film doped with magnetic field sensitive cobalt ferrite nanoparticles around the suspended core of the fiber. By varying the functionalization process parameters, both the film thickness and nanoparticle concentrations can be tailored to optimize the fiber magneto-optical response by a proper adjustment the interaction between the guided mode and the composite film. Experimental measurements in an all-fiber configuration on several samples diversely functionalized show a significant polar magneto-optical effect. A polarization rotation as large as 10° has been measured at 1550 nm when the most efficiently functionalized fiber is located inside a 0.7 cm air gap electromagnet at 1 Tesla. The present method and the developed all-fiber components are very promising candidates for the design of fiber-based sensors of magnetic fields.


An experimental water heater system using a transcritical CO2 heat pump with an ejector was designed,and a measurement and control system was developed. Experiments were conducted to assess the effects of cooling water flow rate and inlet temperature on the system performance. The changes of the heating coefficient of performance (Cr),heating capacity,pressure ratio,entrainment ratio,pressure lift were and ejector efficiency were analyzed. The experimental results show that the entrainment ratio and the pressure lift were increased while the ejector efficiency was decreased with the decrease in the cooling water flow rate or the increase in the inlet temperature. Under the experimental working conditions,the ejector efficiency was up to 34%,and the pressure lift was up to 1.165. The Cr reached about 3.0 when the evaporation temperature was -5 ℃. Compared with that of a conventional system with an expansion valve,the pressure ratio of the compressor in the present water heater system is decreased by 12%-14%. It appears that the ejector can improve the system performance of transcritical CO2 heat pump water heaters effectively.


The new title compound is prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of LaF3, SrF2, and Li2CN2, or from mixtures of LaF3 and SrCN2 (Cu ampule, 650 °C, 2 d).


The research is about the development of light and shadow in video games on the Internet, and also to compare the light and shadow effects displayed on video game screens using different techniques. Then, the types and history of ray tracing technology are explained, its working principle is studied, and its pros and cons are analyzed. After the research, this paper finally determined that a viable ray tracing technique in the current society is hybrid ray tracing, which is a combination of forward and backward ray tracing. Because forward ray tracing methods are too inefficient while backward ray tracing methods cannot calculate and render the light entering in front of the lens. By studying 3 main hybrid ray tracing, their advantages, disadvantages and suitable application scenarios are analyzed and determined in detail. Finally, the development and improvement of the technology in recent years are discussed. Currently, analyses of a particular ray tracing technology do exist in the market. However, there are still few articles that explore all available ray tracing technologies, taking the reader through the history and current state of ray tracing development and giving developers a more visual comparison to help them choose the most appropriate technology for the scenarios they want to develop.


Abstract This article describes the impacts of tourism on local communities and the obstacles to sustainable community tourism planning and development. The study found that different areas show different impacts of tourism and also different levels of participation in tourism planning and development. For an area be a destination of sustainable community tourism, various stakeholders, especially local participants, must be involved in tourism planning and development from the early to the final stages.


Molecular circuits are the information processing devices of cells and organisms, transforming extra‐ and intra‐cellular signals into coherent cellular responses. While there has been hope that genomic approaches would make it possible to systematically reconstruct circuitry, genomic studies have largely been observational and rarely involve large‐scale testing and refinement of models.


Early to mid-twentieth-century ethnographies are consulted for the stylolinguistic interpretation of the ethnosemantics of sorcery in the native world of House Made of Dawn. Utilizing the resources of linguistic anthropology with a focus on ethnoscience, a portion of the cognitive system which reveals possible strategies for the identification of practitioners of witchcraft has been reconstructed.

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The invention relates to a magnesium barium silicate full-color fluorescent material with adjustable green light emission phase, which has the chemical formula of Ba3MgSi2O8-xNxLix: 0.02 Eu, 0.1 Mn, wherein x is atomic mole number, the number range is x and is more than or equal to 0.0 and less than or equal to 0.8, and Eu and Mn are divalent; and the fluorescent material takes nano amorphous silicon nitride as green light emission phase adjusting agent and absolute ethyl alcohol or absolute ethyl alcohol and NH4Cl as mixed material auxiliary agent, and is prepared by a high temperature solid phase method. The fluorescent material has the advantages that red-green-blue full-color emission or red-blue double-color emission can be adjusted by adding silicon nitride with different amount; and the fluorescent material has the characteristics of flexible light spectrum modulation, simple operation and low cost, and can be widely used in the white light and photosynthesis semiconductor solid-state illumination technology.


Based on the analysis of related data of recent years, which is mainly from Guangdong Statistical Yearbook, and is mainly about the manufacturing industries of Pearl River Delta (PRD), the current Status and the characteristics of high value-added industries in PRD are discussed in this paper. Competitive ability is an important index of the analysis of current status; therefore, this paper establishes the dynamic synthetic double-diamond model of high value-added industries in PRD to analyze it, mainly discussing the interactive relationship between PRD and Hong Kong. What' s more, aiming at the industrial clusters that have been formed in PRD, especially those high-technology industrial clusters, the correlation countermeasure based on the industrial value chain coordination theory is proposed in this paper


Aging is a natural process that occurs across the lifespan, but to suggest that some people age more successfully than others is to invoke some criteria of living well in later life and then to consider the factors that may contribute. This article puts leisure front and center in the aging process, especially after midlife, and identifies experiential aspects of leisure that may be most influential. But it departs from some of the standard models of successful aging in recognizing opportunities and possibilities even for those with disabling conditions, in reaching back earlier in adulthood for critical incidents that may prove influential, and in considering disengagement as well as engagement as processes and experiences for optimizing leisure and thus aging. Relying more on models of adaptation and selectivity from developmental psychologists Paul and Margaret Baltes and Leah Carstenson, social and civic engagement are considered as well.


Abstract The aim of this paper is to discuss the use of gain scheduling to improve the performance of classical AQM controllers. We show that by using gain scheduling it is possible to synthesize controllers able to better cope with unwanted variations of the network operating regime; for example variations of the round-trip time, the load or the buffer capacities. Simulations are provided to compare the performance of the gain scheduled controller with that of PI-based AQM control scheme.


For a finite-dimensional cocommutative semisimple Hopf C∗-algebra H and a normal coideal ∗-subalgebra H1, we define the nonbalanced quantum double D(H1; H) as the crossed product of H with 􏽤 H op 1 , with respect to the left coadjoint representation of the first algebra acting on the second one, and then construct the infinite crossed productAH1 � · · ·⋊H⋊􏽣 H1⋊H⋊ H1⋊H⋊ · · · as the observable algebra of nonbalanced Hopf spin models. Under a right comodule algebra action of D(H1; H) on AH1, the field algebra can be obtained as the crossed product C∗-algebra. Moreover, we prove there exists a duality between the nonbalanced quantum double D(H1; H) and the observable algebra AH1.


Infant rats of two strains were exposed to two types of shock traumatization in infancy: escapable and inescapable. The strains included Sprague-Dawley rats and Long-Evans hooded rats. Animals were tested in adulthood on open-field test, avoidance conditioning, and water escape maze. Statistical analysis yielded several significant Strain × Treatment interactions which suggest that strain of the animal and type of traumatization are potential influencing variables in the nature and direction of the effect produced by early traumatization. Such genetic and ontogenetic interaction complicates the issue of the nature of the effect produced by early experience.


ease. Clinicians, for many years, had noted that patients presented with an array of different traits and that not all Alzheimer's patients were alike in terms of neuropsychiatric symptomatology. The presence of considerable intersubject and intrasubject heterogeneity suggests that subtypes of the disease exist. There appear to be subtypes in regard to behavioral features, dosage of chromosome 21 (eg, presence of Down syndrome), inheritance (eg, familial or sporadic), rate of disease progression, age of onset (eg, presenile or senile), and presence or absence of motor deficit.


Humic substances widely distribute in natural waters. Information about the interaction between humic substances and heavy metals (e.g. Cu, Cd, Ni, Co, etc.) is important for environmental chemistry.' Recently, methods for measurement of the metal complexing ability of humic substances have been developed with ion selective electrodes2'3, dialysis membrane4 and gel chromatography.5 However, these methods are not sensitive and simple enough to be applied directly to natural waters. A macroreticular weak-base anion exchanger, diethylamionoethyl Sephadex A-25 (A-25) is a cross-linked dextran gel with diethylaminoethyl group. This A-25 resin has a larger total exchange capacity (50 meq/ 100 ml gel) than any other gel ion-exchanger (e.g. DEAESepharose, QAE-Sephadex etc.). Especially, this is suitable for retaining and separating nucleotides6, peptides and proteins with molecular weights lower than 105. The A-25 resin could adsorb the metal-humic acids complex, but not the free metal ions.? 8 Using this property of A-25, Hiraide et al, evaluated the copper complexing capacities of humic acids in river waters after concentration by coprecipitation and floatation.9 In this paper, the copper complexing abilities of humic acids were investigated more quantitatively using an A-25 resin column. A Scatchard plot10 was constructed to investigate the interaction between metal ions and organic ligands as humic substances in aqueous environment, and the complexing capacity was estimated by using the two-site model for these organic ligands which have many binding sites.",'2 In this paper, a Scatchard plot adapted to the two-site model was also used to estimate the conditional stability constants and the copper complexing capacities for


A three-dimensional image displaying device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to enlarge the viewing angle. A three-dimensional image displaying device(100) comprises the followings: an image generating part(160) which includes a right-eye image creation domain(232) producing the image light for the right eye and the left-eye image creation domain(234) producing the image light for left eye; an image display unit(130) which emits the image light for the right eye and the image light for left eye as making their polarization axes parallel with each other; and a light shielding portion for blocking the incident image light for the right eye and left eye.


Current publication is devoted to traditional and non-traditional approaches to statistical analysis of well-known time series on the dynamics of larch bud moth (Zeiraphera diniana Gn.) in Swiss Alps. For fitting of time series modifications with time lags of Moran – Ricker model were applied. For some particular cases it was obtained that considering models can give good quantitative and qualitative fitting of time series.


This paper proposes dynamic positioning (DP) on a hovering autonomous underwater vehicle (HAUV) to perform accurate underwater processes such as welding operations. High maneuverability, high controllability, and hovering of the robot were the prerequisites of this operation, which increase its accuracy and velocity and reduce costs and human health risks. Other types of thrusters were used in this robot to reduce the number of thrusters and controller's complexity. Controlling every 6 degrees of freedom to perform this type of operation was done. Furthermore, such a delicate operation required controlling the translational and rotational movements together. There was also a need to control the velocities to travel in a prescribed distance at a reasonable time. The possibility of dynamic positioning for welding and maintaining position at a point was defined for the robot. Then the robot's performance under a defective state-servo motor failure, thruster malfunction-and the subsequent effects on the performance during the predetermined missions were investigated. Simulation results demonstrated that the HAUV has the capability to perform dynamic positioning operations. In this article, one of the prevalent classic control methods called PID controller was employed for controlling the movements of the robot.


In a study of the retrograde amnesic effect of bilateral ECT, twelve patients were subjects in a repeated measures design. Both verbal and nonverbal materials were used and retention was tested with different methods: Yes-no recognition, forced-choice recognition and recall cued by initial letters. The absolute amount of retrograde amnesia was small; there seemed to be no difference between verbal and nonverbal materials, and cueing with initial letters was not found to be an effective method of reducing amnesia.


The problem of input unmodeled dynamics in the excitation control of generator is considered. Within the redesign of virtual control of nominal system, LgV-backstepping techniques is used. The robust nonlinear control law is proposed to make the power angle and terminal voltage of generator stable. Since the controller design is based on the nonlinear system without any linearization, and the nonlinear characteristics of the system are sufficiently utilized, it is more potent in application. Simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed control law when the input unmodeled dynamics are minimum phase and relative degree zero.


Dark-field imaging has the potential to overcome limitations in computed tomography (CT) investigating relatively weakly absorbing material. However, an object-position dependence of the visibility loss in dark-field imaging is observed. This effect might be negligible for small objects, but, for acquisition geometries using fanangle apertures and field of views as those in human CT scanners, the object-position dependence of visibility loss has to be taken into consideration if the scattering structure within the object is in the range of the grating periods, i.e. micrometer. This work examines the effect of object-position dependent visibility loss in dark-field imaging experimentally, investigates its consequences and presents an algorithm which solves the corresponding reconstruction problem.


Recently, recommendation systems have gained more popularity, especially in online e-commerce and offline brick-and-mortar businesses such as retailers. In these systems, the users and services transaction data are analyzed to provide reasonable and timely recommendations on products or services to the users. However, with the increasing complexity and volume of processing data, the recommendation system model must be adapted. Edge and cloud computing technologies have been adopted recently in recommendation systems to leverage such systems' scalability. However, with such a large amount of processing data, efficient data processing techniques are still required. In this paper, we propose a distributed machine learning approach (DE-SVD) for recommendation systems that comprises two steps: a) preliminary data processing on edge servers (edge computing) and b) final data processing on centralized servers (cloud computing). Performance evaluation demonstrates the benefits of our approach in reducing data transfer size between edge servers and cloud servers and training time while preserving the quality of the model (with an insignificant reduction in recommendation performance).


The formula for the gravimetric density (ρ) of material, between two stations a vertical distance ΔZ apart in a borehole, is (Hammer, 1950): ρ=14πkF-ΔgΔZ,where k is the gravitational constant, F the free air gradient (the derivative of gravity with respect to depth in the absence of matter), and Δg the change in gravity. This formula is generally derived by integrating the vertical component of gravity caused, at a measuring point, by an infinite horizontal plate of thickness t, and then doubling it to account for one measuring point above and below the plate. This results in (Heiskanen and Vening‐Meinesz, 1958), Δg=4πkρt.In fact, however, the earth is not made up of infinite horizontal plates; it can perhaps more reasonably be regarded as a series of spherical shells. It is therefore instructive to derive the expression for the change in gravity associated with passing through one of these spherical shells.


The problem of this study is "what are the reasons underlying pre-mature
marriage practices of Jane in Lady Jane viewed from sociological approach" and the
aim of this study is to analyze the movie based on its structural elements.
The research is conducted by using qualitative method. In this method, the
research uses two data sources, namely primary and secondary data sources. The
primary data is Lady Jane movie directed by Trevor Nunn and David Edgar and Chris
Bryant as the screen writer. The secondary data sources are books and internet
website, which are related to the analysis. Technique of the data collection is library
research.
Based on the analysis, the writer draws some conclusions as follows: Trevor
Nunn criticizes social structure of English society that is dominated by the upper
class and also creates the character of Jane to symbolize the attitude of the upper class
that there are practices of pre-mature marriage in the England Kingdom. The reasons
underlying premature marriage practices of Jane are: In the social aspects, that the
parents of Jane and Guilford want to get the high social status to give Jane marriage
with Guilford. In the economic aspects, and also they want to get the high economy
level. In the political aspects, they want to get the power in the Kingdom, and the last
in the religious aspects, they want to dominated England with the Protestant Religion
although English at that time is dominated by the Catholic Religion.


Disruption of brain oxygen delivery and consumption after hypoxic–ischemic injury contributes to neonatal mortality and neurological impairment. Measuring cerebral hemodynamic parameters, including cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), is clinically important.


XXII.-SWAFFHAM, NORFOLK. Oun wanderings brought us in due course to this little Norfolk town, the centre of a district mainly agricultural, though part of the land is suited for little but the rearing of the game with which the country abounds; rabbits, hares, and pheasants may be seen in large numbers in an afternoon's drive. Like many another Norfolk union the accommodation provided in the workhouse exceeds the demand; this house once held 300 inmates, and at the time of our visit there were about 40 people under its roof. Norfolk is rich in churches and in workhouses, but the people, who filled both in earlier days, have moved away.


A novel ionization vacuum gauge with field emitters is proposed and analyzed. The device comprises field emitters as a source of electrons, two ring-shaped coaxial electrodes and a box-shaped external electrode for ion collection. Under special conditions regarding the device geometry and applied potentials, the electrons feature oscillatory motion, their trajectories being confined to a region around the device symmetry axis. The microelectronic structure may be operated in small areas such as inside sealed field emission displays.


Mainstreaming flood risk reduction into spatial planning (MFRRSP) recognizes the urgent need for sustainable human settlement planning. Despite official recognition of MFRRSP in Thailand, repetitive damage from floods demonstrates gaps in concept and implementation. This paper examines the transition and challenges of flood risk reduction (FRR) practices in the spatial planning (SP) of the Bangkok and Sing Buri provinces of Thailand. Content analysis through computer-aided qualitative data analysis software (CAQDS) and in-depth interviews provide the evidence for the study. Twenty-two codes under seven assessments were extracted from the MFRRSP guidelines of international organizations. It was found that FRR was more mainstream in Thailand's SP. The code in the next Sing Buri and Bangkok Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) was mentioned in 202.06% and 112.70% of the existing CLUP. The assessment area that deserves more attention is FRR preparedness and stakeholder participation, which only 0.011% and 0.035% mention. Two implementation problems are identified. Firstly, no emergency management deals with using land-use management methods. Secondly, FRR regulations limiting the type, density, and design have been reduced, as seen in the next draft of Bangkok CLUP that reduces the floodway in specific districts to be a residential land type. This specific study for Thailand shows how the method can be used in any local context for any country to understand how official planning documents evolve and adapt to disaster preparedness.


In late summer 2009, an intense Alexandrium catenella bloom occurred at the mouth of Aysen fjord, Chile (45o 06' S, 73 o 30' W). The concentration found in the first 10 m depth in peak phase was 396. 10 3 cells l 1 . Three sampling sites were established to study the potential of nets and mussels as A. catenella cysts captors. During the bloom decline, 20 days after, commercial size mussels ( Mytilus chilensis ) and nets taken both from a place free of this dinoflagellate were placed in the water column. At each site three nets were suspended at 5, 10 and 15 m depth and the three net cages with 35 mussels each were placed at 10 m depth. Both were moored for 30 days. At the three stations, the net cyst mean number by depth was 2,761; 975 and 258 cysts at 5, 10 and 15 m, respectively. The cysts mean content in mussel digestive glands for was 14 cysts g -1 (wet weigth). Since nets and mussels are widely utilized in fishing and aquaculture activities, they could constitute potential dispersant agents of A. catenella to free areas of this declared pest species in Chile.


Canadian National has developed the mechanisms causing rail wear. While efficient remedial action is possible, it does require concerted effort by engineering, equipment and transportation functions. The forms of fast wear--gauge face, head flow and corrugation--are each caused by a different process, all of which are described. The recommendations for each problem are shown in tabular form. Unit trains complicate the problem and actions must be taken to counter their adverse effects.


analysis" or any great appreciation of the political constraints operating in the policy sphere. The study also indicates that the very rigor developed to strengthen an academic discipline may lead to serious errors when applied to the more ill-defined arenas of the political world. In particular, the search to place a "value" on policy options remains one of the more intractable issues of applied public policy.


This is a report of the results of some digital computer simulation studies of a simplified model of a job shop production process. Such factors as the average effectiveness of schedules under the impact of random variations in processing times and the effect of changing operating policies are considered. The average manufacturing times and predictability of completion times were used as measures of effectiveness.


The finite element method is used to simulate propagation of laser-generated ultrasounds and interaction with surface breaking cracks in elastic media. The laser line source focused on the surface of semi-infinite medium is modeled as a transient thermal and elastic finite element using ANSYS code. The thermoelastic finite element model is found to produce correct behavior for generated longitudinal, shear and surface waves. The interaction of surface waves with surface breaking cracks (2-D machined slot) is examined when the laser source is scanned over defected samples. The scanning laser line source(SLLS) is found to cause a large amplitude change of reflected waves near crack, and the crack whose depth is one order lower than the wavelength can be detected from this change.


Microsporum gypseum is a geophilic dermatophyte that grows in the soil. It occasionally causes dermatophytosis that is characterized by rapid development and resolution. A 5-year-old female presented with asymptomatic annular, scaly, erythematous plaques on her right ankle. She lived in rural area, and a domesticated dog scratched her right ankle 3 weeks ago. Skin lesions occurred on healed area of scratch wound 2 days ago. Histopathologic findings showed fungal hyphae on stratum corneum, and M. gypseum was identified with tissue culture and polymerase chain reaction. Skin lesions improved after 4 weeks of sertaconazole cream application. Dermatophytes isolatedfrom dogs includes M. canis, M. gypseum, Trichophyton metagrophytes, M. persicolor. In this case, it is assumed that dog's claws might have carried M. gypseum or M. gypseum were transferred to scratched area by being rubbed in contaminated soil. Dermatophytosis by M. gypseum is unusual, and to the best of our knowledge, there has been no case of M. gypseum infection after scratch injury by dog. Herein, we report an unusual case of M. gypseum infection after scratch injury by dog.


In this paper, the notion of weighted Toep-Hank operator Gβφ, induced by the symbol φ ∈ L ∞(β), on the space H(β), β = {βn}n∈Z being a semi-dual sequence of positive numbers with β0 = 1, is introduced. Symbols are identified for the induced weighted Toep-Hank operator to be co-isometry, normal and hyponormal. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 47B37; 47B35


By comparing samples of different generations of teacher students it could be shown that thinking about educational objectives and practice not only changed dramatically between 1964 and 1974. This wellknown transformation of values remained influential over a period of thirty years. Now in recent empirical evidence from the years 1995-200 we again find remarkable differences between two generations within a decade, clearly indicating a revival of traditional values. "Back to the Fifties" in educational thinking?


Background Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)can differentiate into various types of somatic cells without causing ethical controversy and immune rejection in clinical activity,which is similar to differentiation ability of embryonic stem cells.So,iPSCs may be used as seed cells for tissue engineering corneal endothelial reconstruction.Objective The present study was to survey the morphologic change of iPSCs after coculture with corneal endothelium cells(CECs) under the atomic force microscopy(AFM).Methods Rabbit CECs and human MMC-iPSCs were isolated and cultured respectively.The iPSCs were identified with the marker by immunochemistry.iPSCs passaged for 7 days were then cultured with 60% confluent CECs to establish the co-culture model.The surface morphology and cellular membrane ultrastructure of differentiated iPSCs after induced by CECs were examined by AFM combination with inverted microscope,and compared with CECs and undifferentiated iPSCs.Results Thelengthand width were(66.93±10.48)μm and (44.85 ± 8.14) μm in CECs,(12.51±1.40)μm and (10.93 ±1.69) μm in uninduced iPSCs,and(36.12±10.29) μm and(31.53±9.65)μm in CECs-induced iPSCs.Both the length and width values of CECs-induced iPSCs were statistically bigger than those uninduced iPSCs,with significant differences between them (P<0.05),but no significant difference was seen in the width valne of CECs-induced iPSCs in comparison with CECs(P>0.05).The convex structure of CECs cytomembrane surface showed the digitation in shape with the size and height(2.11 ± 1.03) μm and (115.68±92.08) nm respectively,and the concave structure of cytomembrane surface of CECs was fenestrae-like depression and the size was (1.49 ± 0.65) μm.The numerical valuc of mean square root roughness (Rq)and average roughness (Ra)of cytomembrane surface of CECs were(39.20±7.82)nm and (30.37±5.32)nm respectively.The convex surface of cytomembrane of iPSCs was granular-like in shape with size and height(0.39±0.22)μm and(13.11±9.18)nm respectively.The concave surface of cytomembrane of iPSCs was worm-eaten-like concave with the size(0.34±0.18)μm.The numerical value of Rq and Ra of geometrical parameters of cytomembrane surface of iPSCs were (26.60 ± 4.93)nm and (9.97 ± 3.78) nm respectively.The convex surface of cytomembrane of induced iPSCs was digital-like in shape with the size and height (1.91±0.76) μm and(106.55±77.27) nm respectively.The concave surface of cytomembrane of induced iPSCs was fenestrae-like depression and the size of concave was(1.6l±1.25) μm.The numerical value of Rq and Ra on surface of cytomembrane of induced iPSCs was (57.33± 12.80) nm and (43.63± 11.17) nm respectively.The numerical values of the size and height of convex,the size of concave,Rq and Ra on surface of cytomembrane in induced iPSCs were statistically bigger than in iPSCs(P<0.05)and were not significant differences in comparison with CECs (P>0.05).Conclusions Morphology of iPSCs translate toward the CECs after induce for 7 days under the AFM.This outcome lays the foundation for further study on iPSCs.

Key words:
Induced pluripotent stem cell;  Corneal endothelium cell;  Mix co-culture;  Differentiation; Atomic force microscopy


This paper describes the fastest full-rate retiming circuit reported to date in any semiconductor technology. By combining low- and high-VT MOSFETs on the data and clock path, respectively, and CMOS-inverter based transimpedance amplifiers as low-noise, broadband preamplifiers, record speed is achieved with 1.2 V supply. The power consumption of the 81 GHz latch is only 9.6 mW. On-wafer measurements demonstrate correct full-rate retiming up to 81 Gb/s with jitter reduction and rise/fall time improvements.


A method of mapping and matching the Gibbs energy gradient vectors, referred to as the topological approach, is found to be as reliable and as accurate as the interval method in the tangent-plane phase stability analysis for generating phase diagrams2 but much more efficient.


In recent years, teachers and school have gained prominence over family in children's education. Most researches on the subject concluded that those changes in social organization and teachers' work contribute to create an unhealthier and more hazardous working environment for teachers. This study seeks to determine whether the Integrative Systemic Community Therapy (ISCT) can be used to evaluate the conditions of teachers' work, both in the city of Uberaba and in Brazil. Ten sessions of ISCT were carried out in ten schools in Uberaba-MG with the objective to identify the main problems on the teachers' perspective. Considering both the data of ISCT sessions and researches on teachers' health, it is possible, ISCT is a tool to better asses and tackle those issues.


According to the researches of economic and social history in the Middle age,cities in west Europe always symbolize freedom and progress. However,when we made further study on cities in west Europe from the 11th to the 13th centuries,we would find that the cities were not only ruled by feudal lords but also by religious lords. Therefore we should view the "freedom" of cities in west Europe at that time with more reexamination and criticism.


BACKGROUND
Both depression and cognitive impairment are common in hemodialysis patients, are associated with adverse clinical outcomes, and place an increased burden on health care resources.

STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional cohort.

SETTING & PARTICIPANTS
241 maintenance hemodialysis patients in the Boston, MA, area.

PREDICTOR
Depressive symptoms, defined as a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score ≥16.

OUTCOME
Performance on a detailed neurocognitive battery.

RESULTS
Mean age was 63.8 years, 49.0% were women, 21.6% were African American, and median dialysis therapy duration was 13.8 months. There were 57 (23.7%) participants with significant depressive symptoms. In multivariable analysis adjusting for age, sex, education, and other comorbid conditions, participants with and without depressive symptoms performed similarly on the Mini-Mental State Examination (P = 0.4) and tests of memory. However, participants with greater depressive symptoms performed significantly worse on tests assessing processing speed, attention, and executive function, including Trail Making Test B (P = 0.02) and Digit-Symbol Coding (P = 0.01). Defining depression using a CES-D score ≥18 did not substantially change results.

LIMITATIONS
Cross-sectional design, absence of brain imaging.

CONCLUSIONS
Hemodialysis patients with a greater burden of depressive symptoms perform worse on tests of cognition related to processing speed and executive function. Further research is needed to assess the effects of treating depressive symptoms on cognitive performance in dialysis patients.


Thank you for downloading cabling the complete guide to copper and fiber optic networking. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen books like this cabling the complete guide to copper and fiber optic networking, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious virus inside their computer.


On the Effect of pH and Operating Conditions on Nanofiltration of Two-Phase Olive Mill Wastewater Javier Miguel Ochando-Pulido, Maria Dolores Víctor-Ortega, Marco Stoller, Antonio Martínez-Férez a Chemical Engineering Department, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentnueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain University of Rome "La Sapienza", Department of Chemical Engineering, Via Eudossiana, 18-00184 Rome, Italy email@example.com


The nano-ZnFe2O4 was prepared by hydrothermal method.The effect of the synthetic conditions on the structure,morphology and the properties of photocatalytic degradation was studied.It was determined that when the molar ratio of cationic ions and PEG was 1∶3 and the calcination temperature was 200 ℃,the size of ZnFe2O4 particles was the smallest,dispersal was homogeneous and ZnFe2O4 showed the best photocatalytic performance(99.75%).The higher photocatalytic performance of ZnFe2O4 was obtained under the condition of adding 2 mL H2O2 and irradiation by 254 nm ultraviolet.It was found that ·OH was produced rapidly by synergistic reaction of ZnFe2O4-UV-H2O2 to oxidize and degrade the organic dye.


In this article, authors introduce a composite lifting technique combined tower crane and gantry crane, which was applied to install large span steel truss in\|air in construction of huge frame structure. They emphasize the principle, construction method, relevant technical measures of second lifting and installation method.


in the rural landscape deserves emphasis, and that the relation of villas not only to urban structures, but also to smaller rural buildings, should now be properly examined with the help of survey. Similarly, the section on 'Towns and territories' will interest those studying the economic relationship between Roman towns and their hinterlands. In recent years scholars have debated the validity of Weber's 'consumer city' model for understanding the nature not only of the social, but also of the economic relationship between Roman town and country, a debate that has been largely theoretical and urban-centred in its outlook. The papers here certainly question the dependency of the countryside on the town; the Ager Tarraconensis survey in Spain, for example, seems to indicate rural economic resilience in the later imperial period while the town, by contrast, was importing an increasing number of goods. In the concluding article John Lloyd assesses the survey results discussed in the volume and makes the remark, at first sight banal but actually illuminating, that rural sites were far more numerous than anyone might have predicted. Accounts of Roman society and history must now fully reflect and incorporate that most telling of observations. Helen Parkins Ancient History Division University of Leicester


Predicting the throughput of large TCP transfers is important for a broad class of applications. This paper focuses on the design, empirical evaluation, and analysis of TCP throughput predictors. We first classify TCP throughput prediction techniques into two categories: Formula-Based (FB) and History-Based (HB). Within each class, we develop representative prediction algorithms, which we then evaluate empirically over the RON testbed. FB prediction relies on mathematical models that express the TCP throughput as a function of the characteristics of the underlying network path. It does not rely on previous TCP transfers in the given path, and it can be performed with non-intrusive network measurements. We show, however, that the FB method is accurate only if the TCP transfer is window-limited to the point that it does not saturate the underlying path, and explain the main causes of the prediction errors. HB techniques predict the throughput of TCP flows from a time series of previous TCP throughput measurements on the same path, when such a history is available. We show that even simple HB predictors, such as Moving Average and Holt-Winters, using a history of few and sporadic samples, can be quite accurate. On the negative side, HB predictors are highly path-dependent. We explain the cause of such path dependencies based on two key factors: the load on the path and the degree of statistical multiplexing.


minority religions, less is known about how minority religions react to the law; and this is the volume's main contribution. According to Barker and Richardson, reactions can be diverse: from passive acceptance through to violence, or perhaps changes in belief to accommodate law or using the law to challenge their legal standing. As Barker highlights in Chapter 1, minority religions' reactions to the law can be 'fight, flight or freeze'. In Chapter 3, Tony Brace details challenges to the law made by Jehovah's Witnesses, who claim that they are willing to 'pay Caesar's things to Caesar. But they are unwilling to give Caesar what they believe rightfully belongs to God' (p. 53). According to Richardson (Chapter 13), going on the offensive and using the law to defend religious freedoms can be successful; yet, 'more often than not, minority religious groups do not possess the political and legal expertise to defend themselves' (p. 221). And this is the difficulty for minority religions who either accept the law or challenge it in other ways. Overall, this is a valuable book opening the door on the experiences of diverse minority religions. For those interested in religious freedoms, including those of majority religions, there is much to learn from this volume.


A fuzzy formal context of fuzzy linguistic valuesis constructed by a voting mechanism with scepticism levels. Formally, the formal context could be understood as votingagents believe that fuzzy linguistic values are appropriate fordescribing objects. Based on operation of formal concept analysis, the belief degrees of fuzzy linguistic values is calculated. Furthermore, compound fuzzy linguistic values are constructedby connectives ^, _ and: on fuzzy linguistic values, and severalpropositions of the belief degrees of compound fuzzy linguisticvalues are discussed. Examples show that belief degrees of fuzzylinguistic values are useful for dealing with fuzzy linguisticinformation.


In 2010, we published an article in which two experiments demonstrated that expansive (vs. contractive) nonverbal displays produced subjective feelings of power and increased risk tolerance (Carney, Cuddy, & Yap, 2010). One of these experiments demonstrated that such displays increased subjective feelings of power, risk tolerance, and testosterone, and decreased cortisol. Our two experiments were the eighth and ninth to be reported in the literature on the embodied effects of nonverbal expansiveness—seven experiments on this topic were published prior to 2010. Since our article in 2010, 24 additional experiments on the effects of expansive postures have been published (see Table 1). Embodiment and the long-standing discussion of mind-body connection has its experimental roots in William James's (1890/1950) theories of emotion and ideomotor action. Since then, many studies have demonstrated the bidirectional link between nonverbal behavior and human thought and feeling (see Laird & Lacasse, 2014). One such study was conducted by Ranehill et al. (2015), who reported a conceptual replication of one of our experiments: They found an effect of expansive posture on subjective feelings of power, but no effect of posture on risk tolerance, testosterone, or cortisol. We offer four comments that we hope elucidate the similarities and differences among the 33 published experiments (harvested from the literature through extensive keyword searches and cross-referencing of published articles) and the newly published research of Ranehill et al. We also highlight the specific differences between our experiment and that of Ranehill et al. Unpublished findings were excluded in Table 1. Ranehill et al.'s commentary, with the review presented here, serves as an excellent springboard for identifying potential moderators of the psychological effects of nonverbally expansive (vs. contractive) posture. Thirty-Three Published Results on Expansive Posture


Waterleakage detection and localization in distribution networks pipelines is a challenge for utility companies. For this purpose, thermal Infrared Radiation (IR) techniques have been widely applied in the literature. However, the classical analysis of IR images has not been robust in detecting and locating leakage, due to presence of thermal anomalies such as shadows. In this study, to improve the detection and location accuracy, a digital image processing tool based on multitemporal IR is proposed. In multitemporal IR analysis, the variation of soil's temperature due to field temperature can be obtained; and hence; estimating variations due to water leakage would be more accurate. An experimental setup was built to evaluate the proposed multitemporal IR water leak detection method. In order to consider the temporal temperature variation due to water leakage and mitigate the field temperature effects, a luminance transformation of the IRimages was introduced. To determine the temporal temperature variation of the soil's surface due to the leakage, several metrics have been considered such as the difference, the ratio, the log-ratio and the coefficient variation (CV) images. Based on the experimental results, the log-ratio and the CVimages were the most robust metrics. Then, based on log-ratio or the CV image, a temporal variation image (TVI) that traduces the temporal IR luminance variation was introduced. The analysis of the TVI image showed that the CV image is less noisy than the log-ratio image, and can more accurately locate the leakage. Finally, based on TVI histogram, a threshold was defined to classify the TVI image into leakage/non-leakage areas. Results showed that the proposed method is capable of accurately detecting and locating water leakage, which is an improvement to the false detections of spatial thermal IR analysis.


As more and more of people's everyday activities are being conducted online, there is an ever-increasing threat to personal privacy. Every communicative or commercial transaction you perform online reveals bits of information about you that can be compiled into large dossiers, often without your permission, or even your knowledge.
This work presents the design and analysis of a Pseudonymous Communications Infrastructure for the Internet, which we call a Pseudonymous IP Network, or PIP Network. This system allows parties to communicate in real time over the Internet without being forced to reveal their identities, thus forming the basis for communications and electronic commerce systems that respect the privacy of the individual.
This work also presents the Nymity Slider, an abstraction that can be useful when talking about how much personally identifying information a given transaction reveals, and when designing privacy-friendly technologies. We discuss why pseudonymity, rather than anonymity, is the goal of this project.
Finally, we introduce the primitive of the rendezvous server, which allows a system such as the PIP Network, which protects the privacy of the users of Internet services, to be turned around to protect the privacy of the providers of those services as well.


Hardware simulation is a critical tool for design, but its slow speed often bottlenecks the entire design process. Although most signals in a digital design rarely change, most leading simulators still simulate the entirety of the design every cycle. Tracking which signals are unchanged and can thus be reused typically introduces too much overhead to deliver a practical speedup.In this work, we explore the challenge of efficiently detecting opportunities for reuse, and we demonstrate practical techniques to profitably exploit them. Thanks to our novel acyclic partitioning algorithm and other optimizations, our generated simulators outperform open-source and industrial state-of-the-art simulators.


Minecraft players need something to keep track of their mods and make sure that they work properly when we want them to. That is where Minecraft Forge API came into play.


Like modern human societies, many biological systems are dependent on transportation networks for the efficient distribution of resources and information. Network builders face the daunting challenge of optimizing conflicting network criteria such as robustness, efficiency, and cost, which cannot be optimized simultaneously. Here, we use graph and network theory to examine the trail networks of the polydomous meat ant Iridomyrmex purpureus. Meat ants build and maintain physical trails that connect their multiple nests to each other and to food resources. The resulting transportation network is used to distribute workers, brood, and food resources. We found that meat ants built low-cost trail networks that were relatively efficient. However, networks were less robust than comparable simulated networks, suggesting that meat ants prioritize cost and efficiency over robustness. Populous nests had higher connectivity than did less populous nests, implying they play a key role in resource distribution throughout the network. We propose that meat ant networks are an ideal model system for the development of network optimization heuristics.


Freedericksz effect is investigated theoretically for a ferronematic liquid crystal, which is a colloidal suspension of ferromagnetic nanoparticles in a nematic fluid. Considering a splay type Freedericksz geometry, weak anchoring conditions are assumed at the cell boundaries. The specific nature of this anchoring reveals a rich variety of stable ferronematic phases, which include uniform, distorted and saturated states. Apart from weak anchoring conditions at the cell boundaries, soft planar anchoring is assumed for the mesogenic molecules at the surface of a nanoparticle. The interplay between these two anchoring phenomena along with Frank type elastic theory determine the values of Freedericksz threshold between various ferronematic states. It is found that compared to relatively strong anchoring for the mesogens both at the cell boundaries and at the surface of the nanoparticles, weak anchoring significantly reduces the Freedericksz threshold field. Landau theory is then utilized to understand the nature of transition between different ferronematic states. Based on the phenomenon of segregation effect, these transitions are found to be either first order or second order in nature. The present theory is also extended to non-ferromagnetic nanoparticles and significant reduction in Freedericksz threshold is obtained. Finally, these results are corroborated with experimental findings.


In order to deal with learning problems of random set samples encountered in real-world, according to random set theory and convex quadratic programming, a new support vector machine based on random set samples is constructed. Experimental results show that the new support vector machine is feasible and effective.


The effects of weak disorder on superconducting aluminum films are studied over temperatures 0.4{ital T}{sub {ital c}}{le}T{le}0.98T{sub c} and resistances per square of 1.7{le}{ital R}{sub {open square}}{le}22 {Omega}. The primary effects of disorder are found to be disorder-enhanced electron-electron scattering and thermal phase, or supercurrent fluctuations, both of which cause pair-breaking effects. This conclusion is drawn from measurement of the low-voltage resistance of low-resistance superconductor--insulator--normal-metal (SIN) tunnel junctions with aluminum as the {ital S} electrode. The effective pair-breaking rates from both processes, evaluated at {ital T}{sub {ital c}}, increases linearly with {ital R}{sub {open square}}, in semiquantitative agreement with model calculations. The electron-electron scattering rate decreases very rapidly as {ital T} decreases below {ital T}{sub {ital c}}, in agreement with theory. The pair-breaking rate from phase fluctuations decreases roughly linearly with decreasing temperature. Although distinct effects, phase fluctuations, and electron-electron scattering share a common origin in electron-density fluctuations, which are enhanced by disorder. A microscopic theory of disordered superconductors incorporating both electron-electron scattering and thermal phase fluctuations is needed.


Epigenetic concepts have greatly influenced our view on mechanisms of genetic regulation and modes of inheritance. Epigenetic control involves multiple layers of molecular information including DNA-methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. Each cell type of a multicellular organism contains characteristic patterns of such epigenetic modifications. During development the single genome of an organism is epigenetically "translated" into hundreds of cell type specific epigenomes. NGS based methods allow to precisely map and interpret cell specific epigenomes. These data will revolutionize our interpretation of genome function in the cellular contect. The development of novel mathematical concepts and computational approaches will be crucial to understand biological complexity of epigenetic control. DNA-methylation is an epigenetic key modification forming stable covalent long term modifications of certain DNA bases. The recent discovery of novel oxidized forms of modified DNA bases creating hydroxyl-, formyland carboxy-methylcytosine has revolutionized our view of DNA methylation and challenges "traditional" concepts of DNA-methylation as a simply "on-off signal". Using ultra deep sequencing and immunofluorescence techniques we have begun to decipher the in vivo control of DNA methylation during critical phases of mammalian development. In my presentation I will discus our recent findings pointing towards a fine tuned and context dependent in vivo control of enzymatic control of DNA-methylation inheritance and DNA-methylation reprogramming. References Arand J et al. (2012) In Vivo control of CpG and Non-CpG DNA methylation by DNA methyltransferases. PLoS Genetics 8: e1002750. Wossidlo M et al. (2010) Dynamic link of DNA demethylation, DNA strand breaks and repair in mouse zygotes. Embo J 29: 1877-88. Wossidlo M et al. (2011) 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in the mammalian zygote is linked with epigenetic reprogramming. Nat Commun 2: 241. Session 3. Gene Expression Regulations: Epigenetics, and Alternative Splicing


Maximal stable bridge is constructed for a differential game with breaches in dynamics. Control values of a first player belong to a polyhedron with the additivity condition.


Goal. To study the effectiveness of modern fungicides against the most common diseases of soybeans during the growing season and their effect on crop productivity in the Forest-steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. Field, phytopathological, statistical. The experiments were carried out in the farms of the Kyiv region, belonging to the Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Spraying of soybean crops was carried out twice during the growing season in the phases of budding-beginning of flowering (51—55) and the formation of beans (71—75). Determined the development of diseases, the effectiveness of fungicides, crop yield.
Results. The most common diseases of soybeans in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine have been identified: Alternaria, downy mildew, Fusarium wilting, Septoria, and bacterial blight. The species composition of diseases and the degree of their development were largely influenced by the weather conditions of the growing season. The investigated fungicides Abacus mk.e. (pyraclostrobin, 62.5 + epoxiconazole, 62.5), Amistar Extra 280 SC, (azoxystrobin, 200 + cyproconazole, 80), Acanto Plus 28 c.s. (picoxystrobin, 200 g/l + cyproconazole, 80 g/l), Coronet 300 SC (trifloxystrobin, 100 g/l + tebuconazole, 200 g/l), as well as Impact K preparations, c.s. (flutriafol, 117.5 g/l + carbendazim, 250 g/l) and Koside 2000 w. g. (copper hydroxide, 350 g/kg) at the recommended application rates effectively limited the development of most fungal pathogens. The highest protective effect of 69.8—78.9% of fungicides was shown against downy mildew of soybeans, the lowest — 31.7—42.2% against Alternaria, which had the highest development in comparison with other diseases. Fungicide Koside 2000 w. g. at the level of 67% limited the development of bacterial diseases. The use of fungicides had a positive effect on the yield of soybeans. Due to the limitation of the development of diseases, the soybean yield increased by 21.2—30.3%, depending on the variant of the experiment.
Conclusions. The use of fungicides significantly affected the limitation of the development of the most common soybean diseases in the Forest-steppe of Ukraine. The effectiveness of The effectiveness of the studied modern fungicides against peronospora, fusarium wilting, septoria was at the level of 60.2—78.9%. Fungicides most effectively controlled the development of downy mildew, less effectively — the development of Alternaria. The limitation of soybean diseases when using fungicides contributed to an increase in its yield by an average of 0.7—1.0 t/ha.


Farm assurance schemes that facilitate best management practices may be viewed as a means by which the dairy industry is able to maintain a social license to operate and facilitate productive and sustainable farming systems. The Synlait Milk Limited Lead With Pride (LWP) programme seeks to demonstrate industry leadership by recognising and financially rewarding suppliers who achieve dairy farming best practice. A qualitative study was conducted to understand the adoption motivations and benefits amongst farmers and to determine the financial value returned to suppliers. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with certified and noncertified suppliers to understand their perceptions and motivations. Three of the participant farms provided data to conduct an analysis of the costs and returns associated with the programme to assess its impact on profitability. The findings indicate that adoption of LWP practices allowed for increased profitability, predominately attributable to changes within animal health and welfare and environmental practices. The qualitative research identified perceived relative advantage, compatibility and complexity as the dominant factors influencing supplier's behaviour regarding adoption. Respondents gave weight to premium offerings, industry developments and importance of support from extension services, in achieving certification. Findings from the research provide evidence that adoption of whole farm assurance scheme within intensive farming operations can drive profitability, provide farm practice advantages and ensure sustainability within our primary


This paper explores the United States' position towards the battle for Al-Karameh and its repercussions on the 21 March 1968. It argues that even though American policy has always been completely biased in favor of Israel since Israel's founding on 15 May 1948, its position on the battle of Al-Karameh was at the time considered supportive of Israel, balanced with Jordan, and hostile to Palestinian organizations. The United States position in the research relies mainly on the documents of the US State Department (Foreign Relations of the United States FRUS) and on some of the minutes of the Israeli parliament (Knesset) sessions (Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee meetings). This research dealt with an introduction to the crystallization of the Palestinian resistance after the defeat of the Arabs in the Six-Day War of 1967 as well as the policy of the United States towards the region after this war, its position on the escalation of Palestinian resistance from inside Jordan, and the dialectic of Jordan's control of its territories and borders. It also dealt with the incident of the bombing of the Israeli bus on 18 March 1968, and the escalation of tension, which eventually led to Israel attacking Jordan in the battle for Al-Karameh on 21 March 1968, the initial American reaction to it, and the subsequent issuance of Security Council Resolution 248 and its implications. It further dealt with the official American position after the battle ended, its support for the efforts of the Jarring Peace Mission in the region, and its policy of balancing its positions between Israel and Jordan. In conclusion, reference was made to the most important results of the research.


A fault diagnosis system for the cryogenic fuel system of the National Aerospace Plane has been developed. This system is designed to detect and isolate vent, valve, and sensor failures in the fuel distribution system, throughout the duration of a typical single-stage-to-orbit flight. The system was simulated and subjected to a full suite of tests in which noise and modeling errors were introduced into the fuel distribution model.


The IMF has significant influence on the tax policies of developing countries. Its rhetoric has become more progressive. This paper assesses the IMF's tax advice to developing countries based on a desk study of IMF documents, as well as five case studies (Ghana, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Peru, Senegal) over the period 2010 to 2015. It finds that there is a gap between the IMF's commitment to leveraging fiscal policy to fight inequality, and its actual tax advice to developing countries.


In this work, we study hyperbolic conservation law in one space dimension with δ-singularities as the initial data. We use finite volume methods to find the sizes of pollution region. Firstly, we study finite volume method (FVM) with linear weights and weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme and apply both methods to linear partial differential equations without singularities to check the accuracy. Then we use both methods to find the numerical solutions and compute errors of linear equations with δ-singularities. Lastly, we use such results to find the size of pollution region of each method. These results show that the size of the pollution region is approximately of the order O(Δx), where Δx is the spatial mesh size.


This paper reports the results of a combined spectroscopic (UV/Vis, resonance Raman, emission) and theoretical study of [Pt(I)(CH3)3(iPr-DAB)] (iPr-DAB =
N,N′-diisopropyl-1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene), [Pt(CH3)4(R-DAB)] (R = alkyl or aryl), [Pt(CH3)4(α-diimine)] (α-diimine = pyridine-2-carbaldehyde-N-tert-butylimine or 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), and [Pt(SnPh3)2(CH3)2(iPr-DAB)]. The difference in character between the halide-to-ligand charge transfer (XLCT; X = I) transition of [Pt(I)(CH3)3(iPr-DAB)] and the sigma-bond-to-ligand charge transfer (SBLCT) transitions of the other complexes, is clearly established by resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopy. DFT MO calculations confirm the assignment of the frontier orbitals and lowest-energy electronic transitions,
and support the interpretation of the rR spectra. All complexes emit at low temperatures, with excited state lifetimes strongly depending on the character and reactivity of the lowest excited state.


MECHANIZAT ION of agriculture has proved a great success in the U S A, U S S R and several European countries Would mechanization of Indian agriculture turn out to be as successful? The analysis below tries to provide an answer to this question. For the fol lowing pages, the vague term of fa rm mechanization is defined as application of any kind of improved implements and machineswhether operated by manual labour, butiock power or motor power — during the process of agricultural production.


ABSTRACT Here, we present the draft genome sequence for the violacein-producing Janthinobacterium sp. CG23_2 isolated from an Antarctic supraglacial stream. The genome is ~7.85 Mb, with a G+C content of 63.5%. The genome includes 7,247 candidate protein coding genes, which may provide insight into UV tolerance mechanisms.


THE AIM of the research is to study saluretic and diuretic activity of furosemide in rats with the acidification of urine with ascorbic acid. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Studies conducted on Wistar rats, Control group of rats, which was in conditions of normal drinking water treatment, daily for about 7 days-long inragastrically injected with 3 ml of tap water, the same amount of 5% aqueous solution of ascorbic acid. After determining the pH of urine were injected subcutaneously with furosemide at a dose of 2 mg / kg. We determined the daily urine output and excretion of sodium and potassium. Quantum-chemical calculations were performed using DFT B3LYP/6-311G * using the program GAMESS. RESULTS. The study showed that in the control group of animals urine pH was 7.2, while in the group receiving ascorbic acid - 6,0. In these conditions, and the diuretic furosemide saluretic activity varied significantly. Introduction of furosemide control group of rats caused an increase in daily urine output of 3.2 times, the excretion of sodium - in 6 times, the excretion of potassium - in 1.9 times. Introduction diuretic on the background of the prior application of ascorbic acid induced significantly greater changes: an increase in daily urine output of 5.6 times, and urinary sodium excretion of more than 11 times, and potassium - in 3.3 times. Quantum-chemical analysis showed that these differences are attributable to the increase of molecular and ionic forms of diuretic decrease in the lumen of renal tubules in acidification of urine. CONCLUSION. In experiments on rats showed increased diuretic and saluretic activity of furosemide in a shift of primary urine pH to the acid side. These results open the possibility for varying the therapeutic dose-tics and regulation of some of its side effects. In addition, offer some prospects for the modification of the molecule of furosemide in order to change the isoelectric point of the drug, which, in turn, should lead to an increase in its diuretic activity.


A flexible substrate that is curved in a first direction, an insulator disposed on the substrate, a first electrode disposed on a first main surface side of the insulator in a first formation region,and a second electrode also disposed on the first main surface side of the insulator in a second formation region. A non-formation region is defined between the first electrode and the second electrode on the first main surface, and the non-formation region has at least a portion thereof extending along a direction different from a second direction orthogonal to the first direction.


Recent years, our country has paid great attention to the rese arch on the pollution caused by the organic matters in atmospheric particulates, and the methods used by different scholars in the research on the organic matters a re different. This paper mainly introduces the sampling methods used in recent t en years in the research on n- paraffin and aromatic hydrocarbon in atmospheric particulates, the fore- treating methods and analyzing methods of the samples, and expounds the problems existing in the courses of sampling, measuring and an alyzing.


The Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park is one of the largest national parks not only in Georgia, but in Europe too. The park was endorsed and created with the support of the World Wildlife Fund and the German government in 1995 and was officially inaugurated in 2001. In 2007 the park became a member of PAN (Protected Area Network). The particular uniqueness of the park, along with its location and climate, is the diversity of geographical and ecological zones. The park is famous  for its beautiful landscapes, historical monuments and diverse fl ora and fauna. The major part of the park is covered with coniferous and deciduous forests. At the border of western Georgia grew species characteristic to Colchic flora. We monitored the process of secure touristic management in those parts of the park, which are mostly endangered by visitors. As it was find out, according to existed standards, the optimal loading of places takes place in mid-mountain forest zone. The touristic-recreational capacity on one hectare of forested area in this zone is two visitor a day, in forestless places less. By theoretical calculations touristic-recreational loading on one hectare/an year is more than existing norms, but destructive adverse loading from visitors'side wasn't observed. On contrary, such destructive actions was noticed from indigenous people, who use perspective touristic territories for agricultural purposes. In places mostly visited by tourists the reduction of rare forest species takes place. Еhe main principles of sustainable ecotourism development are not maintained and the administration of the park should undertake decisive measures to improve the situation.


A Thesis submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Education in Language and Literature of Makerere University


Nutraceutical vitamins are micronutrients of foods and beverages that play an essential role in food science and technology. Most fortificated vitamin A, E, D and folic acid as antioxidative defence system components and that of with gene regulation functions have been considered. Up-to-date scientific overview of the biochemistry, functionality, utilization strategies and human genomics of above-mentioned most fortificated nutraceutical vitamins were emphasized


SummaryAttempts to establish shoot tip culture in mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes 'Alphonso', 'Totapuri', 'Banganapalli' and 'Arka Anmol' indicated that the problems of phenolic exudation, medium discoloration and explant browning were interrelated and influenced by a number of factors including medium, genotype, explant, season and decontamination treatments. Less phenolic exudation and better explant survival were observed in ½MS medium than full MS and in semi-solid than in liquid medium. Among explant factors, age and shading of shoots, length, thickness and scaling injuries on explant and lower cut petioles coming in contact with medium were important, but not the age of tree and the number of leaves on the shoot. Use of charcoal was beneficial but other adsorbents, antioxidants, dark incubation and submerged culture were not advantageous. The effect of season was prominent with least phenolics, minimum microbial contamination, best explant survival and genotype dependent growth response in cur...


We have found that amorphous sulfur on solid state was polymerized by irradiation with light. In order to demonstrate the photopolymerization of sulfur, absorption spectra, thermal properties and solubibity of sulfur were measured. Results proved the above findings are true.


Method and system of a flange seal ring. At least some of the illustrative embodiments are systems comprising a metallic ring and a plurality of cogs. The metallic ring comprises a central bore that defines an internal diameter, a first sealing face that defines a first plane, a second sealing face that defines a second plane, a first groove in the first sealing face, and a second groove in the second sealing face. The plurality of cogs couple to the metallic ring, each cog extends through the first plane, and the plurality of cogs positioned one each at a plurality of radial positions around the metallic ring. At least one of the plurality of cogs configured to have an adjustable position relative to the central bore, and the cogs configured to align the central bore to a corresponding bore of a flange.


The RCN has urged the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust to stay within the NHS after it announced it was considering being run by a private provider.


Using data from a U.S. survey of residential care providers on the utilization of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in residential care, this study examines outcomes, processes, and barriers related to the implementation of EBPs. Descriptive data on 115 EBPs implemented in 66 residential care agencies were analyzed with regard to multiple domains of implementation outcomes, such as the adoption, appropriateness, fidelity, and sustainability of EBPs. Study results showed that residential care programs are primarily implementing EBPs that target specific client problems and populations and address prevalent problems of trauma and emotional disorders. A low rate of utilization of milieu-based program models, which were specifically designed for residential care, was noted. Child care staff were mostly excluded from the training and delivery of EBPs. Although providers reported that implementation of EBPs yielded desired results, considerable barriers persisted. Fidelity data raised questions about the degree to which agencies are in fact implementing EBPs. Findings from this exploratory study are meant to encourage further inquiry of the conditions necessary in residential care programs to foster openness toward the implementation of EBPs and to achieve sustained success.


ABSTRACT Lignite is the most important domestic energy source and dominated electricity production in Turkey for many years. Recently, new lignite coal reserves have been explored and are thought to contain 15.6 billion tons, which would constitute about 7.1% of the total world's lignite reserves. However, the potential capacity to be installed in these fields has not been effectively utilized yet. The total installed capacity reached 78,497 MW, and lignite-fired power plants had only 11.8% of this capacity in 2016. Furthermore, gross electricity production in Turkey was 274,407 GWh and the share of lignite was about 14% in the same year. It is expected in the near term, the role of domestic lignite will be increased in national electricity generation in Turkey. The electricity production of Turkey is outlined in this paper. The lignite reserves and lignite-fired power plants in Turkey are also introduced, and technologies used for producing electricity from lignite are mentioned.


Protein nanofibers (PNFs) created by controlling the self-assembly of protein molecules are contemporary biomacromolecular precursors to construct novel functional nanomaterials. We report here on a facile approach to prepare PNF-based biophotonic nanohybrids. For the first time we demonstrate the creation of fibronectin (FN) nanofibers in highly concentrated ethanol solution and subsequently present the organization of N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS) modified CdSe–ZnS core–shell quantum dots (QDs) on the self-assembled FN nanofibers by covalent interaction. AFM and TEM results indicate that the formation of FN nanofibers is controllable and the created FN nanofibers are uniform in diameter and length. UV-vis and XPS data identified the successful modification of QDs. The one-dimensional (1-D) PNF–QD biophotonic nanohybrids created by organizing QDs onto FN nanofibers were imaged with AFM, TEM, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the results show that the created FN nanofibers can serve as feasible templates to organize QDs for construction of biophotonic nanohybrids. The PNF–QD nanohybrids have potential applications in optical, biomedical and nanotechnological fields.


This study examined the negligence and compliance on road transportation land use planning pattern in the south-south region of Nigeria. Gray (2011) stated that environmental law is a body of laws that seeks to protect or enhance the environment. He further stressed that environmental law was one of the fastest developing areas of laws at the end of the last century. Adding that it is difficult to find an area, where rules do not apply. Data for this study were collected from primary sources, through the administration of one thousand eight hundred (1800) questionnaires and physical survey of the area. Results from this study revealed that the major resultant effects of negligence of environmental laws in the study area were slow vehicular movement/traffic jam (20.8%), increased accident rate (22.6%), collapsed building and other infrastructural facilities (16.0%), and lack of access to other environment/areas (40.6%). This study recommends that most of the untarred roads, if not all, should be properly tarred in the study area, so as to avert the prevailing problems of flooding in the area. It was equally revealed that the proper land use and planning, and the enforcement of proper refuse disposal system and the provision of more drainage facilities in the area will help in controlling the problems of flooding and erosion on road transportation network in the study area.


All software systems need modifications with time, these modifications involve different types or amounts of code modifications in different versions. To validate these modifications many regression testing sessions are needed. But researchers do not have a single regression testing technique that can be used on every version. The objective of this scrutiny is to evolve a methodology that attempts to determine the re-testing technique that would be effective for every re-testing period accounting testing domain and conditions. This methodology is based on Revised Analytical Hierarchy Process (Revised AHP). There are numerous regression testing techniques. But this investigation is limited to test case prioritization techniques only. The result showed that prioritization techniques selected by proposed technique are more efficacious than those used by the forgoing techniques.


Abstract To achieve effective nucleic acid-based therapy, natural carriers, i.e. viruses, as well as synthetic carriers have been developed. The majority of the non-viral systems are based on DNA compaction into small particles by cationic compounds, which are most often polymers and lipids. Optimal in vitro gene delivery with the cationic carriers requires an excess of positive charges with respect to DNA phosphates. However, the overall positive charge of these particles limits their application in vivo because: i) the half-life of positively charged DNA complexes, injected intravenously, is very short, and ii) it does not allow site-specific delivery of the gene of interest. To overcome this problem, the most attractive strategy consists in replacing the non-specific electrostatic interactions between cells and the transfection complexes with a cell-specific interaction that triggers a receptor-mediated endocytosis of the targeted DNA complexes. Such an active targeting requires the identification of receptors present at the surface of the target cells and the use of ligands which binds with a high specificity and affinity to such recognition sites. In this review, we will focus on three examples of receptors that have been used for the targeting of DNA complexes: the Gal/GalNAc receptor followed by the integrin- and folate receptors. Some important principles underlying targeted transfection will also be evoked such as the importance of the conjugation chemistry, the nature of the ligand-receptor interactions, the occurrence of limited windows of the complex charge where targeting is observed.


The objectives of this article were 1) to study Thai cultural tourism management in Koh Yor community, 2) to study the opinion level of tourists in a model of Thai cultural tourism management in Koh Yor community, and 3 ) to create the model of Thai cultural tourism management in Koh Yor community. This research was a mixed method. The tools built on environmental analysis and management concepts used for data collection are examined by experts were 1) the questionnaire used to collect data from sampling tourists and was used to analyze for average and standard deviation, 2) the semi-structured interview was used to collect data from stakeholders and academician's informants and were used to analyze by content analysis, and 3 ) the participatory action research was used to collect data from local peoples and were used to analyze by content analysis. The results were as follows: 1) Thai cultural tourism management in Koh Yor community found that location, 131 มหาวิิทยาลััยทักษิิณ ป่ท่่่ 35 ฉบับท่่่ 3 (กรูกฎาคม - กันยายน 2565) natural resources, and historical stories were conducive to activities. There are limitations to the understanding of tourism management of the local people. and lack of stories to the new generation, 2) opinion level of tourists in the model of Thai cultural tourism management in Koh Yor community as a whole high level, and 3 ) model of Thai cultural tourism management in Koh Yor community should be a committee from the local people, which is tourist planning, determination of activities, providing income and allocating benefits, and evaluating which joins that government and private sectors.


An efficient method for computing minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimates (MINQUE) of variance components and generalized least squares estimates of the fixed effects in the mixed model is developed. The computing algorithm uses a modification of the W transformation.


Er‐activated fiber lasers are critical for many significant applications, including fiber communication, gas sensing, lidar and military. Although the design of suitable fiber materials has improved the performance of Er‐activated fiber lasers, extension of their operation wavebands still remains a significant challenge. Here, a compact all‐fiber laser is proposed and demonstrated, which can support lasing beyond 1630 nm, based on an Er‐activated hybridized glass fiber. The collaborative theoretical analysis and experimental characterization indicate that various distinct structure units can form in the hybridized fiber. This leads to the notable inhomogeneous spectral broadening. By using this hybridized fiber, a tunable fiber laser device is constructed and the wavelength can be rationally tuned in the range from 1609 to 1631 nm by mechanically stretching the fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) manufactured by the point‐by‐point femtosecond laser inscription. Furthermore, a new fiber sensor system based on this seldom exploration waveband is built and efficient ethylene detection is demonstrated. The results highlight that rational hybridization mediated short‐ and medium‐structure modification strategy, demonstrated here in Er‐activated fiber laser, can be extended to other rare‐earth glass fiber systems for the exploration of fiber devices at new wavebands.


This paper reports findings from a research project that explored, among other things, the textual construction of the 'quality' teacher by global and local education policy discourse. More specifically the study focused upon synchronicity between global and local education policies with regard to the constitution of the quality teacher in the specific context of English as a foreign language (EFL) in Indonesian teacher education. Like other nation-states in the region, Indonesia maintains an investment in equipping citizens with skills to successfully participate in this current era of intensifying globalisation. In reproducing many of discursive tropes from global policy discourse in relation to quality and education, Indonesia places some of the responsibility for the achievement of global education agendas squarely within the domain of teacher education more generally; and the teaching of EFL in particular. Conducted mostly in teacher education settings in Java, the research project was theoretically informed by the work of Arjun Appadurai and his representation of globalisation as a series of flows along various 'scapes'. Appadurai's framework for understanding globalisation was used to interrogate a number of key global and local policy texts, in addition to the views of EFL students at two teacher training institutions in Java, Indonesia. Central to Appadurai's framework is a recognition of the interrelationships between various global flows, which can be characterised by the presence of synchronicity and also disjuncture; a disjuncture that is perhaps nowhere more significant than in the context of learning English as a foreign language in a Non-western nation-state such as Indonesia. It is against this context that this paper presents findings from a research project which explored teacher education policy texts and how they construct the quality teacher. The findings of this research project, some of which are reported here, show that some of the flows associated with globalising English which are welcomed in local level. Like all languages, English is enmeshed in a variety of socio-economic, political and historic, if not religious encumbrances, a number of which will be identified below. Discussion in this paper thus identifies instances of synchronicity between the various global flows associated with the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language in teacher education as manifest in policy. It is in relation to these instances that this paper asserts that our understanding of the 'ideal' teacher must emerge from a critically productive reading of the often 'topographically flat' policy discourses that inform teacher education in Indonesia.