The invention discloses a vanadium nitride alloy production technology which comprises the following steps: (1) crushing vanadium iron and combustion improver into 100-200 meshes, and mixing according to a ratio of 20:1; (2) placing the raw materials mixed in the step (1) in a reaction kettle, vacuumizing to -0.1 mPa, then filling nitrogen gas to 0.3 mPa, and closing the reaction kettle; (3) igniting the materials through an electronic ignition device to perform self-propagating reaction with the nitrogen gas, monitoring the pressure in the kettle through a pressure valve in the reaction process, and keeping the pressure in the kettle at 0.2-0.3 mPa; and (4) ensuring that the time from the start of the reaction to discharge is about 2-3 hours, gradually decreasing the pressure in the kettle to normal pressure after the pressure in the kettle does not change any more, then cooling to 200 DEG C, and discharging from the reaction kettle. Further, the combustion improver in the step (1) is Mg powder. According to the invention, the vanadium nitride alloy production technology is energy-saving and environment-friendly, and greatly lowers the consumption of electric energy; the waste gas is the excessive nitrogen gas in the reaction kettle, dose not pollute the environment and can be directly exhausted; and the production process is easy to control and high in production efficiency.


Eastern literature was greatly ignored by Northern Europe, because only 14 of the 106 Nobel Prize laureates in literature are from Eastern countries, in spite of the accomplishments of Northern Europe in Asian studies and African studies. Such ignorance and distribution has been changing since the 1990s. The Northern European academia is rewriting the history of world literature, in which the non-Western countries are not at a far less reduced scale. This article tries to analyze how the Northern European academia reevaluates the Eastern literature with an aim to change the structure of the world literary history, on the basis of the series of four volumes: "Literary History: Towards a Global Perspective".


The northernmost volcanism in South America (5–6°N) is defined by the presence of several monogenetic volcanic edifices in Colombia, which have been grouped within the Samaná monogenetic volcanic field. Few volcanoes have been studied so far, but they are recognized as a cluster of volcanoes of intermediate-to-acid composition, formed by both explosive and effusive eruptions. This study aims to 1) characterize four more monogenetic volcanic edifices as part of the Samaná field, 2) highlight the potentially active volcanism in an area previously defined as non-volcanogenic, and 3) give insights into the magmatic evolution of the scarcely studied evolved monogenetic volcanism linked to subduction zones worldwide. To achieve these aims, this study uses petrography, mineral chemistry, whole-rock geochemistry, geochronological analyses, and geothermobarometric calculations. The analyses indicate that the field is formed by at least seven volcanoes with similar composition and that it is long-lived and potentially active. Mineralogically, the erupted products host plagioclase (An26–74) and amphibole (magnesio-hastingsite, tschermakite, and occasionally mangesio-hornblende) as the most abundant phases, although orthopyroxene (enstatite; Wo2–3, En70–76, Fs21–28) and clinopyroxene (diopside and augite; Wo44–45, En41–42, Fs13–15, and Wo42–44, En46–47, Fs10–11) also appear. Less abundant phases such as olivine (Fo81–88), biotite (magnesiobiotite), quartz, and Fe–Ti oxides (Usp4–89 Mag96–11, and Ilm61–92 Hem39–8) were also recognized. Chemically, the volcanoes are of andesitic-to-dacitic composition with calc-alkaline affinity and show similar behavior of LILE, HFSE, and REE, which is typical for magmatism in subduction environments. Ages yield a range between 1.32 ± 0.06 Ma (K/Ar) and 16,919 ± 220 years (14C). The results also indicate that the volcanoes share a common magmatic source that fed the individual eruptions and that the magma differentiation is mainly controlled by processes of fractional crystallization, although evidence of magma recharge processes or magma mixing and assimilation as a minor process are also recognized. Geothermobarometric calculations suggest that the different mineral phases are crystallized between 1,194 and 687 °C and a pressure between 0.88 and 0.19 GPa. This indicates that the aforementioned processes occurred not only at the main magmatic reservoir (∼33–21 km depth) but also at different stagnation zones at shallower levels of the crust (∼7–5 km). Taking this into account, it is shown that the magma evolution of this monogenetic field is more complex than individual batches of magma reaching the surface uninterrupted, as is normally described for monogenetic volcanic fields of more mafic compositions in other tectonic settings.


Theoretical analysis reveals that continuous CDMA transmissions in band-B can be a source of inter-modulation interference for mobiles in band-A. Detailed laboratory testing was conducted to understand cellular band-A mobile station (MS) behavior when the MS is on a digital traffic channel (DTC) and being influenced by CDMA transmissions in band-B. Two types of 3rd order inter-modulation interference associated with CDMA signals are considered, one where both the channels are from within the CDMA channel and the other where one of the inter-modulating channels are one of the AMPS channels. A third higher order CDMA associated inter-modulation interference is also investigated and tested. Exhaustive testing in a controlled laboratory environment showed that mobile inter-modulation interference (MIM) can be reduced or eliminated if appropriate signal strength (SS) separation is maintained between band-A and band-B channels. A -30 dB C/I margin between band-A and band-B channels was found to be adequate to maintain low BER under non-faded channel conditions. A field testing procedure describes a simple drive testing scheme that can be used by field engineers to determine potential problem areas in cellular service areas where band-A and band-B utilize EIA/TIA/IS-136-A and TIA/EIA/IS-9S-A CDMA technologies, respectively. System modifications that would help maintain the appropriate BER are also discussed.


New phenomena discovered at the LHC in nearly forward scattering are discussed. The properties of elastic and inelastic diffraction are related due to Regge factorisation and pomeron dominance.


Objectives. The aim of the study is to determine the level and to compare the physical activity of students of the Medical University (MU) in Lublin and the University of Technology (BUT) in Bialystok, Poland, and the University of Beira Interior (UBI) in Covilhã, Portugal. Materials and method. A group of 823 people were examined: 108 students of the Medical University of Lublin, 118 students of Bialystok University of Technology, and 597 students of the University of Beira Interior in Covilhã. The study examined the level of student activity using the IPAQ questionnaire. Results. With reference to people (both women and men) studying at the MU in Lublin and at UBI in Portugal, the activity level was high, 60.2% and 51.8% respectively. In the group of BUT students sufficient activity prevailed – 30.5% of the respondents. Insufficient activity level was characterized by 2.8% of MU students, 23.7% of BUT students and 12.7% of surveyed Portuguese students. Considering the gender of respondents, statistically significant differences in activity levels among Portuguese students were observed. A sufficient level of physical activity was characterized by a higher percentage of men than women, 37.5% and 33.8%, respectively. Conclusions. Students of the Medical University (MU), as well as Portuguese students, were characterized by a high level of physical activity, while students of the Bialystok University of Technology (BUT) had an adequate level of physical activity. Among women studying at MU, BUT and UBI in Portugal, the highest average energy expenditure values were related to walking effort. Among both women and men studying at MU, BUT and at UBI in Portugal, the lowest average values of energy consumption were for moderate activity. Students from MU spent less time sitting during one working day than BUT andUBI Portuguese students.


A 72-year-old man with a history of dementia, decompensated heart failure, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for obesity 30 years previously was admitted with obstructive jaundice. He also had failure to thrive, with poor oral intake and severe protein calorie malnutrition requiring enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube. An endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was planned for management of his obstructive jaundice, along with placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) for nutritional supplementation. Given the previous RYGB, placement of a PEG tube in the gastric pouch would not have been ideal because of its anatomical location and the high risk of aspiration. Furthermore, given the bypassed small bowel, this would have precluded the optimal absorption of enteral nutrition. The EUS-guided gastro-gastrostomy created for the ERCP was fortuitous in providing access to the excluded stomach, enabling placement of the PEG in the excluded stomach. Under EUS guidance, an endoscopic gastro-gastrostomy was performed between the gastric pouch and the excluded stomach using a 20×10-mm cautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent (AXIOS; Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) (▶Fig. 1 a). The AXIOS stent forming the gastro-gastrostomy was then serially dilated from 10mm to 18mm using controlled radial expansion balloons (CRE; Boston Scientific) (▶Fig. 1 b). The proximal flange of the stent was anchored using two endoclips (Instinct Endoscopic Clip; Cook Medical, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA) to prevent stent migration during the procedure (▶Fig. 1 c). Next, an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed through the endoscopic gastro-gastrostomy and a 20-Fr pull-type PEG tube (EndoVive; Boston Scientific) was successfully placed into the excluded stomach using the stand-


The effect of cold exposure on the systemic renin-angiotensin system and on regulation of the angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor was examined in target organs for Ang II with cardiovascular relevance (left ventricle, kidney, lung) and metabolic relevance [interscapular brown adipose tissue (ISBAT), liver] to the functional consequences of cold exposure. In time course studies, the effects were examined of 4 hr or 1, 3 and 7 days of exposure to cold (4°C) on plasma Ang II concentration and Ang II receptor binding characteristics in rat liver. Plasma Ang II concentration increased 10-fold after 4 hr of cold exposure, returned to control levels at days 1 and 3 of cold exposure, and was again increased (2-fold) at 7 days of cold exposure. The affinity of [I]Sar,Ile-Ang II binding in membranes prepared from rat liver was not altered in cold-exposed rats. The density (Bmax) of binding sites in liver from cold-exposed rats was increased by day 1 and remained elevated over time-matched controls. Alterations in Ang II receptor density did not parallel plasma Ang II concentration in their time course, suggesting that cold-induced regulation of the Ang II receptor was not substrate mediated. In rats from the 7-day time point of cold exposure, Ang II receptor binding characteristics were examined in ISBAT and lung. Increases in Ang II receptor density were evident in ISBAT but not lung. To determine whether cold-induced increases in food intake contributed to elevations in plasma Ang II concentration and/or Ang II receptor density, a group of cold-exposed rats (7 days) were pair-fed to food intake levels of control rats. Pair-feeding of cold-exposed rats eliminated increases in plasma Ang II and norepinephrine concentration but did not prevent increases in Ang II receptor density in liver, ISBAT, kidney and left ventricle. Moreover, increases in Ang II receptor density were augmented in kidney and left ventricle from cold-exposed rats that were pair-fed. Results from these studies demonstrate that cold exposure resulted in an increase in plasma Ang II concentration through mechanisms related to increased food intake. Elevations in food intake in cold-exposed rats contributed to tissue-specific increases in Ang II receptor density. Moreover, cold-induced increases in Ang II receptor density were not related to plasma Ang II concentration. Cold exposure is a well-documented stimulus for activation of the sympathetic nervous system (Saito, 1928; Leduc, 1961). After prolonged exposure of rats to cold, a sustained increase in systolic pressure occurs, giving rise to a coldinduced model of hypertension (Fregly et al., 1989). Activation of the sympathetic nervous system is thought to contribute to the development of hypertension in cold-exposed rats (Papanek et al., 1991). Sympathetic input to the kidney increases the release of renin, which in turn contributes to the production of Ang II. Several lines of evidence suggest activation of the reninangiotensin system in response to cold exposure. Experimental hypertension in cold-exposed rats is associated with enhanced responsiveness to the dipsogenic effect of Ang II (Fregly et al., 1991). Moreover, pharmacological interference with the renin-angiotensin system with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (Shechtman et al., 1991) or AT1 receptor antagonists (Fregly et al., 1993) has been demonstrated to prevent increases in systolic blood pressure in cold-exposed rats. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that after 7 days of cold exposure, plasma renin activity was not altered, whereas Ang II content was elevated in ISBAT (Cassis, 1993). ISBAT has been shown to be activated by the sympathetic nervous system after cold exposure (Young and Landsberg, 1982). Moreover, the presynaptic facilitatory effect of Ang II on sympathetic neurotransmission in ISBAT from cold-exposed rats was augmented, suggesting alterations in the functional responsiveness of the angiotensin receptor (Cassis, 1993). Collectively, these results suggest coincident Received for publication September 23, 1997. 1 This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Grant HL52934. ABBREVIATIONS: NE, norepinephrine; Ang II, angiotensin II; Ang III, angiotensin III; Ang IV, angiotensin IV; ISBAT, interscapular brown adipose tissue; RIA, radioimmunoassay; AT1, angiotensin type 1 receptor; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; BSA, bovine serum albumin; EDTA, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; TFA, trifluoroacetic acid; DHBA, dihydroxybenzylamine. 0022-3565/98/2862-0718$03.00/0 THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS Vol. 286, No. 2 Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Printed in U.S.A. JPET 286:718–726, 1998 718 at A PE T Jornals on M ay 4, 2017 jpet.asjournals.org D ow nladed from activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system in response to cold exposure. We hypothesize that cold exposure represents a model of heightened activity of the systemic renin-angiotensin system resulting from increased sympathetic activation. Increases in the activity of the systemic renin-angiotensin system after cold exposure are hypothesized to result in regulation of the angiotensin receptor. In the present study, plasma Ang II concentration and Ang II receptor binding characteristics were examined in target organs for Ang II with cardiovascular relevance (left ventricle, kidney, lung) and metabolic relevance (ISBAT, liver) to the functional consequences of cold exposure. The following studies determined whether cold exposure regulates the systemic renin-angiotensin system, whether plasma Ang II concentration correlates to Ang II receptor density, whether cold exposure results in tissuespecific regulation of Ang II receptor density and whether cold-induced increases in food intake contribute to alterations in plasma Ang II concentration or Ang II receptor density.


Scholarly content has become more difficult to find as information retrieval has devolved from bespoke systems that exploit disciplinary ontologies to keyword search on generic search engines. In parallel, more scholarly content is available through open access mechanisms. These trends have failed to converge in ways that would facilitate text data mining, both for information retrieval and as a research method for the quantitative social sciences. Scholarly content has become open to read without becoming open to mine, due both to constraints by publishers and to lack of attention in scholarly communication. The quantity of available text has grown faster than has the quality. Academic dossier systems are among the means to acquire more quality data for mining. Universities, publishers, and private enterprise may be able to mine these data for strategic purposes, however. On the positive front, changes in copyright may allow more data mining. Privacy, intellectual freedom, and access to knowledge are at stake. The next frontier of activism in open access scholarship is control over content for mining as a means to democratize knowledge.


The marital dissatisfaction, depression, and self-esteem problems of 37 wives of naval personnel assigned to 4 submarines, who were each separated from their spouses for 14 weeks, were monitored biweekly, beginning 5 weeks before separation until 5 weeks following reunion. Hypothesized quadratic trends, as well as higher order trends, were found to be significant for each of the dependent variables. It was concluded that time-dependent fluctuations in marital dissatisfaction, depression, and self-esteem problems can be predicted relative to separation and reunion dates for individuals separated from their spouses for extended periods. The specific trends for each variable are fully discussed and should be of particular interest to social workers counseling couples faced with repeated job-related separations.


Abstract : This is a special report of an Air Force analysis of the task-related job category requirements for enlisted AFCSs, completed by the Occupational Analysis Branch, USAF Occupational Measurement Center, in August 1984. The project was requested by the Classification Division of the Air Force Manpower and Personnel Center to 'determine the proper job category for each AFSC based on the jobs/tasks actually performed' and to identify where 'there is a difference between aptitude cluster and job/task environment category.' This effort, it was believed, 'will pay significant dividends for both the recruiting and classification communities and eliminate the confusion and misconceptions that currently exist.'


The reactive ion etching of GaAs,AlAs and DBR are developed by using a gas mixture of BCl 3 and Ar.Controlling the process parameters such as total gas flow,radio-frequency power,pressure and gas flow ratio,the etching rate can be controlled.The experiments indicate that under the same condition,the etching rate of GaAs is higher than those of AlAs and DBR.In the experiments,the etching rates of GaAs,AlAs and DBR can reach 400,350 and 340nm/min,respectively.Meanwhile by changing reactive parameters,smooth enchant profiles can be obtained and the gradient of the side-wall can reach 85°.


Location-based forwarding is a key driver for locationbased services. This paper designs forwarding information data structures for location-based forwarding in Internet Service Provider (ISP) scale networks based on Named Data Networking (NDN). Its important feature is a naming scheme which represents locations by leveraging space-filling curves. key words: information centric networking (ICN), location-based service, location-based forwarding


Removal experiments involve successively sampling a closed area for particular animal species and each time removing those individuals found. The objective is to estimate the number of animals in the area, and probability models date from Moran (1951) and Zippin (1956).These removal models result in geometric declines of expected numbers of individuals in the area as time progresses and the removals take place. When removals are conducted on cryptic species, such as reptiles and amphibians, the animals removed on one sampling occasion may be replaced by other individuals which might have previously remained undetected below ground. In these cases more complex models are needed to account for the apparent appearance of new animals in the study area. We are motivated by removal data on slow worms, Anguis fragilis, common lizards, Zootoca vivipara, and Great crested newts, Triturus cristatus. These protected species are frequently removed from the path of development. In some cases there are known reductions to the site area available following removals. In others such information is not available, and stop-over models are instead employed; see Matechou et al (2013). In all illustrations it is possible to undertake model selection, and much improved descriptions of data are obtained, with associated estimates of population size. The use of both classical and Bayesian methods of inference will be illustrated, in the latter case using RJMCMC. References E. Matechou, E., Morgan, B.J.T., Pledger, S., Collazo, J.B. and Lyons, J.E. Integrated analysis of capture-recapture-recovery data and counts of unmarked birds at stop-over sites, Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics. 18, 120–135. Moran, P.A.P. (1951) A mathematical theory of animal trapping, Biometrika, 38, 307-311. Zippin, C. (1956) An evaluation of the removal method of estimating animal populations. Biometrics, 12, 163-189.


A series of ultrasonic elements arranged in a phased array transducer can provide the capability to activate each element separately but in a programmed sequence. This will help the acoustic signal to be generated at desired focusing distances and anticipated angles for specific materials and structures. In case of composite material inspection, this characteristic of the phased array method can improve the undesirable effects of the high attenuation and anisotropic structure of composite materials on response signals. In this study different phased array probes and wedges which are commercially available were evaluated for their response signals' characteristics. First, the capability and resolution of bulk wave generation were studied for each set of probe and wedge, and the response signals were compared to that of the conventional single element ultrasonic transducers for different thicknesses composite plates. Then the resolution of the response signals and their sensitivity to defect size were evaluated and compared to the single element transducers as well. Next, each phased array probe and wedge set was used to generate plate waves in aluminum plates based on plate wave propagation theory, probe and wedge physical properties and the definition of delay law. Results show a general improvement in response signals' strength and resolution for phased array method in comparison to the single element transducers. Also some plate wave modes could be generated with optimized signal generation parameters in phased array system.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


In the present paper it is shown that the optimal solution to the stochastic adaptive control of linear dynamic systems with uncertainties depends on the unconditional means and covariances of the uncertainties. The random Riccati-like systems of equations generated as a result of the presence of multiplicative and additive noise leads to the necessity of constraint on the means and covariances of the uncertainties. Furthermore, the existence and uniqueness of an optimal solution of the given system depends upon the above constraints : steady-state solutions exist only under restrictive statistical conditions of the system parameters


The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of important theories and frameworks that ground research and assessment of co-curricular learning.


Objective:To seek for insecticidal and officinal agents from the fruits of Toona sinensis var.schensiana.Methods: The fruits of T.sinensis were extracted with 95% ethanol and separated by silica gel,RP-18,Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC.These compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis(MS,NMR,and so on).Results: Six compounds,[3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl ether(Ⅰ),kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside(Ⅱ),(2E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,6,10-triene-1,14,15-triol(Ⅲ),eudesm-4(15)-ene-1β,6α-diol(Ⅳ),ficusesquilignans A(Ⅴ)and ficusesquilignans B(Ⅵ)]were isolated and identified.Conclusions: Compounds Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,and Ⅵ were isolated from the plant for the first time.


Graphene has received great attention because of its exceptional properties and formidable potential in various applications. A practical approach to the production of processable graphene sheets in large quantities at low cost is the key to exploiting most proposed applications. Here we show a dehydration and stabilizer-free method for facile and cost-effective production of water dispersions of graphene nanosheets with concentrations up to 0.05 mg mL−1 using concentrated sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid as the dehydrating and intercalating reagent. The unique opto-electronic properties of graphene could be chemically engineered without losing the macroscopic structure integrity. The self-assembly properties of as-prepared graphene nanosheets in aqueous solution and at the air/water interface offer great flexibility for a wide range of applications.


Akenou-Breizh, a platform project to develop computational and linguistic resources and tools for breton We present a new project, Akenou-Breizh, that aims to (1) put in place a platform allowing to study the influences of an heritage language, such as Breton, on a usage language, such as French, and (2) to make available, to all interested persons, tools well integrated in the "semantic and multilingual web" and proposing proactive access to various kinds of knowledge concerning Breton, as well as direct visualisation of infrasentential correspondences in aligned bilingual presentations. We plan not only to use the numerous freely available resources, in particular those of OPLB and of the APERTIUM project, but also to create new ones, such as good quality bilingual aligned corpora, thereby using the "collaborative web", and to build on the dedicated lingwarium.org web site linguistic modules improving on or extending those that exist, for example a morphological analyzer-generator. We also describe an experiment set up starting from a reduced lexicon for Breton, that shows how it is possible to enrich a classical dictionary, by linking it to a lattice of topics and to a context management system (here CAMELIS), in such a way one can query it (along semantic facets) and compare different resources. Mots-clés : breton, langue d'héritage, langue d'usage, outils et ressources, études contrastives.


It is often difficult to maintain hemostasis after cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)with hypothermic circulatory arrest in patients undergoing thoracic aortic surgery. One reason is low plasma fibrinogen concentration(Fbg), possibly due to dilution. We predicted Fbg just before weaning from CPB based on preoperative concentration and hemodilution, and analyzed the correlation with the actual values we measured. The difference between predicted and actual Fbg was 1.9 ± 25 mg/d l , and the correlation was statistically significant(correlation coefficient, 0.9166; P < 0.001). This result indicates that hemodilution is a possible reason to decrease Fbg after hypothermic CPB. If the predicted Fbg is low, we could prepare for cryoprecipitate beforehand.


The examination of the patient was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms, in which the patient gave their consent for images and other clinical information to be included in the journal. The patient understands that their name and initial will not be published and due effort will be made to conceal their identity but that anonymity cannot be guaranteed.


ESR (electron spin resonance) spectra of a fatty acid spin probe (16-doxylstearic acid, 16-DS) incorporated into an aqueous surfactant system composed of oleic acid and oleate molecules were measured between 10 and 50 °C up to a total oleic acid + oleate concentration of 50 mM. Depending on the total concentration and the pH, different types of oleic acid/oleate aggregates formed. At the two ends of the pH range investigated (above pH 10.4 and below pH 6.4), the ESR spectra of 16-DS were highly symmetric, enabling calculation of the microviscosities in the surfactant aggregates to be 4 cP and 6 cP, respectively. In the high pH range, the observed aggregates are micelles. On the other hand, in the low pH range the microviscosity was considerably lower than that of neat oleic acid (measured to be 11 cP), indicating that the obtained emulsion system was not composed of pure oleic acid droplets. We postulate that the surfactant molecules at low pH form condensed aggregates of lamellar bilayers. Asymmetric hig...


Hot-Press Sintering, a Method that Could Effectively Decrease the Densification Temperature due to the Applied Pressure, Was Employed to Prepare a New Kind of Ho3+ Doped Bi4Ti3O12 Ceramics, Bi3.6Ho0.4Ti3O12. The Effect of Preparation Parameters on the Crystal Phase, Density and Microstructure of the Ceramics Were Investigated. at First, Single-Phased Bi3.6Ho0.4Ti3O12 Powders Were Synthesized from Bi2o3, Tio2 and Ho2o3 Raw Powders by Solid-State Reaction and the Optimum Calcined Temperature Should Be 900 °C. The as-Synthesized Powders Were Further Densified at 750-900 °C to Prepare Bi3.6Ho0.4Ti3O12 Ceramics. Dense (relative Density Was 99.4 %) Bi3.6Ho0.4Ti3O12 Ceramics with a Compact Texture Were then Obtained by Hot-Press at 850 °C, about 150-200 °C Lower as Compared with Pressureless Sintering.


An embodiment of the invention determins a paging time through determination of number of a radio frame including a paging identifier, and determination of number of a radio subframe including the paging identifier in the radio frame, wherein the determination of the number of the radio subframe including the paging identifier in the radio subframe comprises: according to a user equipment identifier, a discontinuous reception period length, the number of the radio frame including a paging message in the discontinuous reception period length and the radio subframe number capable of paging in one radio frame, determining the radio subframe number including the paging identifier in the radio frame. The method of the invention can ensure the UE have good power saving performance.


Abstract We have presented a potentiometric urea sensor using an urease/bovine serum albumin (BSA)-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)/Pt electrode. A urea detection sensitivity of 15.2 mV/decade (order of magnitude) has been achieved. BSA trapped in the PEDOT matrix was employed to bond urease molecules on the surface of a BSA-PEDOT/Pt electrode via amide bonds formed between the carboxyl functional groups on the enzyme and the amines on the BSA. The effects of PEDOT thickness, pH value of the urea solution, urease concentration, and temperature on the urea detection sensitivity were also studied. The lifetime of the sensor was studied for a period of 10 weeks, and the average sensing degradation rate was about 9 % per week. This sensor displayed a high selectivity to urea over glucose, KCl, and NaCl.


Chromosome numbers are reported for 364 collections representing 70 species and varieties in 16 genera. Of these, 35 species and varieties have not had counts published previously. Counts of 26 collections in 14 species differ from all previously published counts for the same species. One new combination,Stevia anadenotricha, and one new variety,Stevia subpubescens var.intermedia, are published.


The presented work discusses the state of vocational education and identifies existing problems in Georgia. The main goal of the research is the statistical analysis and assessment of the current situation in the professional education system and its relationship with the labor market. The object of the research is professional educational institutions operating in Georgia. The subject of the research is the statistics of the activity of professional educational institutions and the trends of integration of graduates in the labor market. Many statistical methods are used in the research process, such as: selective observation, data grouping and presentation, relative, average and variation, correlation analysis methods. Through a specially developed questionnaire, in electronic form, the representatives of educational institutions were interviewed and the information needed for in-depth analysis was obtained. As a result of the research, trends in the number and gender-age structure of students enrolled in professional educational institutions, valid professional programs, employment of graduates, composition of teachers and gender-age structure were revealed. Also, the forms and problems of connection between the business sector and professional educational institutions were determined. It should be noted that both sides are willing to cooperate, but there are still some challenges in this direction, the consideration of which will have a positive effect on reducing the demand-supply imbalance of graduates of professional educational institutions in the labor market. Also, the number of professional programs that train specialists is still small and it is necessary to expand them taking into account the needs of the labor market. Keywords: professional education, number of students, trend, business sector, employment of graduates.


The article is devoted to the work of the playwright in the context of understanding the discourse from the moment of the magazine publication until theater and cinema production.


The reported rate of acute renal failure from large series of patients undergoing Thoraco Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (TAAA) repair ranges from 5% to 40% and is associated with mortality rates of 70%. Patients who develop acute renal failure also more frequently present a worse outcome and sustain non renal complications, such as respiratory failure, central nervous system dysfunction, sepsis, and gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
The factors contributing to renal dysfunction after TAAA repair include ischemia reperfusion injury, nonpulsatile flow in perfusion systems, transfusion of blood products, pre-operatory renal impairment etc.
Ischemia (cessation of blood flow), followed by reperfusion (re-establishment of blood flow), causes characteristic injury to organs and tissues. Ischemia compromises the continuous supply of oxygen required by tissues and organs to survive and maintain normal physiological function. A rapid return of oxygenated blood (reperfusion) is therefore essential for preventing ischemic and apoptotic cell death. However, reperfusion itself also contributes to cellular injury and death by the production of free oxygen radicals and the activation of a cytokine mediated inflammatory response that, on one side, through a pro-inflammatory component expression (IL1?, IL1?, IL,2, IL6, GM-CSF, TNF?, INF?) sustain cellular damage, and on the other side, through an anti inflammatory component expression (IL4, IL10) tends to limit it being therefore the prelude of the reestablishment of normal conditions.
The short term arterial blood reperfusion of renal arteries is one of the surgical techniques applied at the Vascular and Endovascular division of the University of Padova to prevent renal impairment. Renal blood reperfusion is obtained, once the proximal anastomosis between the proximal aorta and the Dacron graft is performed, by re-establishing pulsatile normothermic blood flow through a Pruitt-Inahara shunt. Application of the shunt may change in different surgical procedure. When the procedure requires more than 30 min to re-establish a normal flow in the renal artery, the proximal end of the shunt is distally inserted in the vascular graft. The proximal aortic clamp is released; the shunt is blood perfused and its distal end is inserted into the open end of the renal artery. After 3 min of blood reperfusion, the aorta and the renal artery are reclamped, the shunt is promptly removed and the renal artery reconstruction completed. The reperfusion is repeated every 30 min if necessary.
Aim of my PhD thesis was to evaluate on an animal model the possibility to increase the total time of clamping ischaemia by re-establishing blood flow into renal artery for 3 or 6 minutes leading to a total ischemic period of 90 minutes, evaluating functional, morphological damage and molecular processes involved in the pathophysiology of ischemia reperfusion injury.
27 Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 to 250 g, were used for the experiment. Through a midline laparotomy both renal arteries were dissected and clamped to obtain a bilateral ischemia followed by reperfusion in selected group of animals.The rats were allocated into one of the 4 experimental groups; control group, 18 rats with ischemia alone (with progressive clamping time of both renal arteries to assess organ damage at 30-45-60-90 min); group A, 4 rats (30 min of renal ischaemia followed by 3 min of reperfusion followed by other 30 min of ischemia for a total ischaemic time of 60 min), group B,4 rats (45 min of renal ischaemia followed by 3 min of reperfusion plus 45 minutes of ischemia for a total ischemic time of 90 min) and group C, 3 rats (30 min of renal ischaemia followed by 3 min of reperfusion repeated 3 times for a total ischemic time of 90min). A blood sample from inferior vena cava was drawn to evaluate serum creatinine level before the renal clamping. After 48 hours from the procedure the rats were sacrificed for kidney harvesting. Before kidney removal a blood sample from inferior vena cava was drawn to evaluate serum creatinine level.
Renal injury was assessed through evaluation of: a) renal functional parameters (serum level of creatinine at 0 and 48 hours after ischemia), b) morphological parameters on histological samples ( tubular necrosis, tubular dilatation, mitosis, apoptosis, haemorrhage infiltration interstitial leukocyte infiltration, and the proliferative index (Ki67), c) pro-inflammatory (IL1?, IL1?, IL,2, IL6, GM-CSF, TNF?, INF?) and anti-inflammatory (IL4, IL10) cytokine expression on tissue samples.
Results
Animals that underwent renal ischemia with no reperfusion exhibited increase in the serum concentrations of creatinine when the clamping ischemia was more than 45 min, and this difference becomes statistically significant when the clamping time is more than 60 minutes suggesting glomerular dysfunction. In revascularized groups creatinine serum level demonstrates no significant changes compared to the base pre-ischemic value regardless the pattern of revascularization performed suggesting the lack of glomerular dysfunction also in these groups of animals.
Morphological damages were absent in the revascularized group if the total ischemic time is less than 60 minutes. When the total ischemic time was prolonged up to 90 minutes even if no functional alteration was present histopathological analysis demonstrated a moderate renal injury in terms of necrosis and apoptosis. However a higher proliferative index is present at 90 minutes in all revascularized group with the highest increase in double reperfusion. Pro inflammatory (IL-1?, IL-2, IL-6, GM-CSF, IFM-? ,TNF-?: ) and anti-inflammatory(IL-10, IL-4) cytokines are expressed in all the different groups of animals after ischemia and after ischemia and reperfusion. Both pro and anti inflammatory cytokines are over-expressed in animals that underwent a total ischemic time of 60 minutes with a single reperfusion (30+3+30 ), compared to the group without reperfusion and with those with ischemia of 90 min (30+3+30+3+30; 45+3+45). The cytokine evaluation showed a prevalence of anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in the revascularized group with a statistically significant difference for IL10 over-expression.
In the reperfusion at 90 minutes we observed a decrease in both pro-inflammatory and anti inflammatory cytokines. However with double reperfusion the decrease was more pronounced for the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF?) allowing the biological effect of IL10 to be more powerful (higher proliferative index).
Discussion
 The results of my PhD thesis showed that the functional, morphological and molecular results are congruent. At 60 min of ischemia there is an irreversible damage to the kidney with an increased creatinine level, necrosis and apoptosis, low proliferative response and increase in cytokines expression especially of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1?, IL2, IL6, TNF? and INF?). With ischemia-reperfusion (30-3-30) we obtain a less ischemic damage, a more pronounced proliferative response and anti-inflammatory cytokines over-expression (IL-10, IL-4) compared to ischemia alone. The balance was in favour of the protective role of reperfusion. With the ischemic-reperfusion model of 90 min of ischemia and 6 minutes reperfusion (30-3-30-3-30) we still observed the beneficial role of reperfusion since there is a reduction of necrosis, apoptosis and increasing in proliferation activity and at the end a positive ratio in favour of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). In the setting of 90 min ischemia and 3 min reperfusion, (45-3-45) we observed a similar ischemic damage in term of necrosis and less proliferative index and the ratio between pro and anti inflammatory was still in favour of anti inflammatory cytokines. However the decrease of pro inflammatory cytokine TNF? was less evident, thus counterbalancing more actively the protective role of anti inflammatory cytokine IL10.
 We can state that according to our results the best model would be that of 30-3-30-3-30 which means less ischemic damage and more reperfusion benefits.


The dual Meissner effect is observed without monopoles in quenched SU(2) QCD with Landau gauge‐fixing. Abelian as well as non‐Abelian electric fields are squeezed. Magnetic displacement currents which are time‐dependent Abelian magnetic fields play a role of solenoidal currents squeezing Abelian electric fields. Monopoles are not always necessary to the dual Meissner effect. The squeezing of the electric flux means the dual London equation and the massiveness of the Abelian electric fields as an asymptotic field. The mass generation of the Abelian electric fields is related to a gluon condensate 〈 AμaAμa 〉 ≠ 0 of mass dimension 2.


CsI(Tl), CsI(Na), and YAP light yield nonproportionality has been characterized using the Compton Coincidence Technique. Measured electron responses were used to analytically calculate photon responses of scintillators studied. Results from electron response measurement and photon response calculation were then compared with previously reported results. While the CsI(Na) electron response was observed to have the largest deviation from proportionality (about 40%), YAP was observed to have a nearly proportional response. CsI(Tl) and CsI(Na) calculated photon responses are generally in agreement to within 1% with measured photon responses for photon energies above 60 keV. Below 60 keV, deviations up to 5% were observed in the calculated responses.


This report describes the development of precision statements for the dynamic modulus and flow number tests conducted with the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT). Thus, the report will be of particular interest to materials and pavement structural design engineers in state highway agencies, as well as to materials suppliers and paving contractors.


We demonstrate enhanced optical resolution in target detection by means of phase‐sensitive preamplification. In a two‐versus‐one‐target hypothesis testing experiment, we show 3‐dB improvement in signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) for same error probability with 10‐dB phase‐sensitive gain in homodyne detection.


Bali is one of the provinces in Indonesia that carry out festival activities in various regions. One of the regular festivals held annually since 2015 is the Ubud Food Festival which is held in Banjar Penestanan Kaja, Ubud District, Gianyar Regency, Bali, Indonesia. Ubud Food Festival is a culinary festival featuring various Indonesian specialties. This research focuses on the social and economic impacts caused by the organizers of the Ubud Food Festival in Banjar Penestanan Kaja Ubud, Gianyar Bali, and expected to be useful for the organizers and the local community of Banjar Penestanan Kaja to find out all kinds of economic and social changes resulting from the implementation of the Ubud Food Festival which has been held for the past five years. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the implementation of an activity or event, has impacted the social and economic aspects for the community. Banjar Penestanan Kaja community, both positive and negative impacts.


Based on an analysis of the heritage protection strategies for Japanese wine culture,this paper concludes that in protecting its cultural heritage,Japan has taken on core responsibility and has involved the participation of all citizens.The premise for all-out civic participation is the consciousness of "cultural heritage is the wealth of all countrymen".This attitude has great value for China and the other nations in promoting cultural heritage protection.


AIM To evaluate the effect of aspirin on humanα2(Ⅰ) collagen promoter induced by rhCD40L.METHODS After amplification and identification,pCOLH22.4 and pCOLH21.6,a plasmid containing PCAT3-Enhancer,were transfected into human VSMCs using Lipofectamin transfection reagent.The expression of the target gene and protein were measured by CAT ELISA kit.The effects of aspirin on CAT activity were evaluated after transfection.RESULTS After transfection,the activity of CAT reporter gene was assessed by ELISA method.Compared with those in the control group,the CAT activities were inhibited by rhCD40L.Aspirin reversed the CAT activities inhibited by rhCD40L.CONCLUSION Aspirin up-regulates the expression of humanα2(Ⅰ) collagen promoter and reverses promoter activities inhibited by rhCD40L.This may be one of the mechanism of aspirin in improving plaque stability.


The finalists face long odds to land a rover on the Moon in time to claim the $20 million grand prize.


It is now widely recognised that fuel poverty has severe effects on some of the most vulnerable people in society. However, while attention has focussed on older people in fuel poverty, families and children have been relatively neglected.
Until now, the scale of the problem for families has been poorly understood. Some evidence comes from a Barnardo's survey in which over 90 per cent of their staff said they worked with families in fuel debt. To pay their energy bills, many families were cutting back on essentials such as heating and food.
It is clear that fuel poverty can have severe and life-long effects on children. Studies show that long-term exposure to a cold home can affect weight gain in babies and young children, increase hospital admission rates for children and increase the severity and frequency of asthmatic symptoms. Children in cold homes are more than twice as likely to suffer from breathing problems, and those in damp and mouldy homes are up to three times more likely to suffer from coughing, wheezing and respiratory illness, compared to those with warm, dry homes.
What's more, struggling with high energy bills can impact adversely on the mental health of family members. Fuel poverty may even affect children's education, if health problems keep them off school, or a cold home means there is no warm, separate room to do their homework.


The method of parameter estimation of dynamic system is proposed in this paper. The dynamic system is typically the pendulum. It is important to estimate spring coefficient(k), coefficient of friction(μ), etc. which is difficult to measure in the pendulum dynamic. And most of the pendulum equation is expressed as continuous-time nonlinear. So, to estimate parameter values of the inner equation is difficult. Therefore, in this paper the Unscented Kalman Filter(UKF) is applied in parameter estimation. Its effectiveness is simulated by using the 2 degree of freedom(2DOF) system to estimate the parameters of a continuous-time nonlinear system.


The diagnostic section, occupying some 232 pages-rather more than half the book-contains many references of great interest. In the skeletal section are accounts of x-ray appearances in yaws and leprosy and a description of a case of the MorgagniStewart-Morel syndrome (hyperostos s of the calvar;Um associated with endocrine and mental disturbances). In the chest section L. L. Robins's paper on fifteen cases of bronchiogenic cysts is summarized, and also Kerley's work on the aetiology of erythema nodosum and the x-ray signs in the chest. Notes are included on the pulmonary changes in strongyloidiasis, tuLlaraemia, and coccidioidomycos:s. Articles of interest on the heart are those on calcification of the valves and per cardium, angiocardiography in patent ductus and rheumatic carditis, the technique of angiocardiography. and on the x-ray signs of patent ductus. Clayton and Schatzki's account of the changes in the gastro-intestinal tract in sclerodermia of the oesophagus, small intestine, and colon is noted. and also a paper on the same subject by Lindsay, Templeton, and Rothman. There is an interesting description of Schatzki's techniquLe for the small-intestine enema given through a duodenal tube, and in the obstetric section there is reported Chassar Moir's investigation into the soft-tissue shadows of the pregnant uterus, with special reference to placentography. Again, the section on radiotherapy, without revealing any startling new developments, contains a comprehensive survey of the year's work in this field. The 1944 Year Book is, as before, a most welcome compendium of radiological information.


An fully analytical spectral domain decomposition approach to solution of the nonlinear time-dependent heat diffusion equation in complex volumes is introduced. Its application to device/circuit level electro-thermal simulation on CAD timescales is illustrated. The full treatment in coupled electro-thermal CAD of thermal nonlinearity due to temperature dependent diffusivity is described. Thermal solutions are presented in the form of thermal impedance matrix expressions for thermal subsystems. These include double Fourier series solutions for rectangular multilayers, which are an order of magnitude faster to evaluate than existing semi-analytical Fourier solutions based on DFT-FFT. They also include double Fourier series solutions for arbitrarily distributed volume heat sources and sinks, constructed without use of Green's function techniques, and for rectangular volumes with prescribed fluxes on all faces. These analytical solutions allow treatment of arbitrary device structures without invoking conventional numerical methods. They provide minimal boundary condition independent compact thermal models, allowing CAD timescale coupled electro-thermal solution for complex systems, without requiring lumped element RC network extraction or node reduction. The time-independent thermal resistance matrix description of device structure is illustrated by a fully physical, coupled electro-thermal study of the interaction of substrate thickness and surface convection in power HEMTs. The thermal time-dependent implementation is illustrated by circuit level harmonic balance simulation of a 3/spl times/3 MMIC amplifier array.


the stimulus, but rather serves as a 'proxy variable' in the control. The authors' data display for the lactate threshold estimation is also of concern. There are several shortcomings with expressing VE as a function of WR, including its commonlycontinued curvilinearity and the lactate threshold's being a metabolic rate, not a WR. The VO2–WR relationship is dependent on the WR incrementation rate because of the VO2 'kinetics'. A display of this subject's VE–VCO2 relationship would have properly addressed, and possibly clarified, this concern. The lactate threshold should be estimated from an appropriately chosen 'cluster of variables', not from individual displays! We also question the choice of what are, presumably, the responses of a 'typical' subject: the authors chose one with very high aerobic capabilities (peak VO2 > 4.5 l.min ) displayed in their Fig. 4. Furthermore, different subjects were selected to make particular points, with peak WRs of 450, 400, 350 and 300 W for Figs 1, 2, 3 and 5, respectively. A display of the appropriate cluster of variables, in the same subject, would have provided a justifiable basis for the critique. We noted that in the authors' Fig. 1, which displays only part of the response, the VO2–WR relationship is much too unusual to be 'typical', having an incremental gain of 7.5 ml.min.W-1 rather than 10 ml.min.W; i.e. markedly outside the normal reported range. We also note that the abbreviation for the 'anaerobic threshold' (AT) has been added to the authors' Fig. 6 and linked to the group-mean VE response. This, for good reason, is not in the original figure referred to, because the AT occurs at a wide and fitness-dependent fraction of the percentage maximum VO2. A particular group-mean average is not only of little or no value for the discrimination, but is conceptually misleading! Incremental exercise testing is becoming more widespread and we agree that our understanding of the area deserves ongoing fine-tuning and its precepts challenged until conceptually rigorous justifications for the features of interest are available. The challenges, however, should be less frail than those being challenged.


To reanalyze the growth trajectory and assess longitudinal changes of children undergoing adenotonsillectomy (AT) versus watchful waiting (WW) enrolled in the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT) study and to determine if an AT increases the risk of obesity in children.


We present the final reduction and calibration of the FIRBACK ISOPHOT data. FIRBACK is a deep cosmological survey performed at 170 microns. This paper deals with the ISOPHOT C200 camera with the C160 filter. We review the whole data reduction process and compare our final calibration with DIRBE (for the extended emission) and IRAS (for point sources). The FIRBACK source extraction and galaxy counts is discussed in a companion paper (Dole et al., 2001).


Abrupt collapse of vapour bubbles at high Jakob number is the leading physical phenomenon of the simulated chugging sodium boiling regime occurring during unprotected loss of flow (ULOF) accident in Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR) low-void core designs. The ESFR-SMART Horizon 2020 project aims at a better understanding and simulation of chugging conditions. Therefore, the small-scale two-phase flow facility "CHUG" for the mock-up of sodium boiling using water as sodium simulant has been designed at Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) and built at the Laboratory of Reactor Systems behaviour at EPF Lausanne. CHUG consists of an acrylic glass test section filled with water at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, where high-temperature steam is injected from the bottom in order to study the interaction between vapour and liquid at high sub-cooling level. In this paper the experimental results obtained with CHUG facility are compared with the simulation of bubble collapse in sub-cooled liquid at high Jakob number performed with PSI's in-house CFD tool PSI-BOIL. The three-dimensional bubble surface during formation and collapse at the orifice is obtained from high-speed imaging and compared to the results from PSI-BOIL simulation, where an interface tracking method based on third-order accurate CIP-CSL2 (Constrained Interpolation Profile – Conservative Semi-Lagrangian 2nd order) method is employed. The main features of inertia-driven bubble collapse are analysed and commented in both cases.


A field experiment was conducted during 2005–06 to 2012–13 on organic nutrient management in rice (Oryza sativa L.)-tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.)-okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cropping system under irrigated conditions in a sandy loam soil having pH 5.9 and organic carbon 0.76% at Chiplima, Odisha. Eight treatments comprising 5 organic, 2 integrated and 1 inorganic approach of nutrient management were evaluated with 3 replications. Organic source of nutrient supply reduced the system yield by 5.5–12.7% compared to the inorganic source in the first year. However, the mean system yield of 'conversion period' (first 3 cropping system cycles) with organic treatment comprising supply of one-third N each through farmyard manure (FYM), green manuring of dhaincha (Sesbania cannabina) or vermicompost and neem oilcake + Azospirillum or Azotobacter + phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) was at par with inorganic and integrated approach. The mean system yield from fourth to eighth cropping system cycles ('after conversion period') with organic source of nutrient supply, i.e. FYM + green manuring or vermicompost + neem oilcake + Azospirillum or Azotobacter + PSB was significantly higher (12%) than that of with inorganic source of nutrient supply, i.e. 100% NPK + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha to rice and 100% NPK + gypsum @ 110 kg/ha + borax @ 10 kg/ha + ammonium molybdate @ 0.8 kg/ha to both tomato and okra. The organic nutrient-management package increased the soil organic carbon and available N, P and K at the end of eighth cropping system cycle over the initial and the buildup was maximum in the soil applied with one-third N each through FYM, dhaincha/vermicompost and neem oilcake + Azospirillum/Azotobacter + PSB. The microbial population in terms of colony-forming units increased in a higher rate in soils with organic nutrient-supply system (bacteria 32.4 to 37.1%, fungi 30.2 to 34.4% and actinomycetes 29.3 to 35.9%) compared to the inorganic source of nutrient supply system (bacteria 11.2%, fungi 5.5% and actinomycetes 11.3%) after eighth cropping system cycle over initial status. The microbial biomass carbon of the soils with organic sources of nutrient supply was enhanced considerably (53.4% to 61.8%) over the initial level (104.7 to 118.2 μg C/g).


This essay examines the material ornamentation and poetic description of
 garden-adjacent recreational spaces in the Magno Palazzo (main palace) of the
 Castello del Buonconsiglio, Trent (1528-1536). Guided by instructions from Prince-
 Bishop Bernardo Cles, a team of sculptors and painters including Dosso Dossi
 and Girolamo Romanino constructed a complex visual itinerary to orient mobile
 beholders and choreograph their movement through the newly built palace.
 Grounded in the precepts of decorum and commensurability, this itinerary was
 codified in an ekphrastic poem written by Cles's physician, the naturalist Pietro
 Andrea Mattioli (published 1539). This essay traces the ways in which words
 and images prompt psychosensory response, revealing the moral ambivalence
 associated with marginal and unofficial interior spaces dedicated to refreshment,
 leisure, and entertainment.


We investigate the conversion of a Bose-Einstein condensate ~BEC! of a weakly interacting gas into a molecular BEC ~MBEC! by Bose-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage ~STIRAP!. This method of producing an MBEC does not experience large spontaneous losses while the condensate is in an excited electronic state, and it is robust with respect to small changes in the physical parameters. We show that the atomic interactions affect the quantum statistics of the resulting field, although they do not interfere with the production of the MBEC. We demonstrate that STIRAP is still feasible when we include the spatial degrees of freedom that cause the Bose-enhanced coupling rate to vary across the condensate. The complete conversion is destroyed by spatial effects unless the time scale of the coupling is much faster than the propagation time, which in practice requires submillisecond conversion.


Non-Boolean variables are important primitives in logical modeling. For instance, in Answer Set Programming (ASP), they are used as plac e holders for constants and more complex ground terms. This is essential for com pact and uniform encodings used in ASP although variables are removed in a grou nding phase preceding the search for answer sets. On the other hand, in theo ries in the Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) framework, variables are realize d as constants that have a free interpretation over a specific domain such as in tegers or reals. The goal of this paper is to propose an approach to integrating the la nguages employed in ASP and SMT so that non-Boolean variables of the kinds abov e can appear in the same program. The resulting formalism ASP(SMT) is rule-b as d and extended by theory atoms from SMT dialects. We illustrate the use of the n ew language and its advantages from the modeling perspective. Moreover , we show how existing off-the-shelf ASP and SMT technology can be used to impleme nt grounding and search for answer sets for this class of programs.


Represents the first systematic attempt to examine the effects of school‐based interventions on children's self‐reported PTSD‐related distress and coping ability following a series of volcanic eruptions in a sample of 112 children. Pretreatment assessments carried out after the eruptions revealed that time was more of an ally for PTSD symptoms than for active coping ability. In terms of randomly assigned intervention conditions, both an exposure and a cognitive behavioural intervention were found to lead to significant improvement in both PTSD‐related distress and coping ability. In terms of effect sizes (Cohen's d), the coping scores changed more following the one‐hour intervention than they had during the entire two‐month pretreatment interval; PTSD‐related scores changed over half as much as during the two‐month pretreatment interval. In addition, at four‐month follow‐up, either children continued to improve (PTSD‐distress scores) or gains were maintained (coping scores). Treated children's PTSD and coping scores were significantly more adaptive than those of untreated children. Finally, multiple regression analyses did not reveal any significant, prospective predictors of treatment responsivity. Includes consideration of the value of self‐report methodologies at the "early gates" of a multiple gating intervention model and the value of collaborations between scientists in the wake of a disaster.


PurposeThis research investigates the effects of multidimensional brand experiences (i.e. behavioral, intellectual, affective and sensory) on brand authenticity and brand love from the Asian consumers' perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis research collected primary data from 418 consumers on global brands, and it tested the proposed hypotheses by using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe findings indicate that sensory and affective experiences have direct significant impacts on brand love, while intellectual and behavioral experiences have nonsignificant impacts on brand love. Overall, intellectual, behavioral, affective and sensory experiences positively influence brand authenticity, which in turn have substantial positive impacts on brand love.Research limitations/implicationsThis study investigated consumer behavior in a broader sense, and consumers from 13 Asian countries participated in this research. Future research may collect data on a larger scale from Asian countries to generalize the results.Practical implicationsBy following brand authenticity as an essential positioning tool and implementing several experiential marketing strategies, global managers can develop brand-loving consumers in Asia.Originality/valueUnder the parasol of attribution theory, this research explores the relationships among the multidimensional brand experiences, brand authenticity and brand love from the Asian perspective.


On the basis of a case study – the utopia of a Universal Network of Documentation as conceived by the bibliographer and internationalist Paul Otlet (Brussels 1868-Brussels 1944) – this paper focuses on the spatial contradiction inherent in the claim of the universality of scientific knowledge which was common in the beginning of the twentieth century. Through an analysis of the spatial schemas drawn by Otlet in which he envisions a new system for the dissemination and organization of knowledge, this article aims to show the complex spatial nature of the epistemological claim of universalism in his time, which in current localist views on science tends to be
excessively simplified.


The authors determined the in vivo displacement of the instantaneous center of rotation (ICR) of the shoulder from data supplied by an optoelectronic system (ELITE System) which uses a specifically designed software program to achieve 3-dimensional analysis of abduction. The study involved 10 control subjects and 20 patients suffering from a periarticular disorder of the shoulder capsule retraction in 10 cases and rotator cuff tears before and after rehabilitation in 10 cases. This method provides an objective assessment of humeral head misalignment in relation to the glenoid cavity induced by the periarticular shoulder disorder and of the realignment achieved through rehabilitation. The proposed ICR calculation technique is entirely harmless for the patient in (particular because it requires no radiation analysis).


The results of the study of the dynamics of economic development of the agricultural enterprise of Ukraine in the conditions of the crisis of 2009 are presented.The causes of the economic downturn in terms of the energy concept of economic development are revealed.


The deep convolutional neural network performs well in current computer vision tasks. However, most of these models are trained on an aforehand complete dataset. New application scenario data sets should be added to the original training data set for model retraining when application scenarios change significantly. When the scenario changes only slightly, the transfer learning can be used for network training by a small data set of new scenarios to adapt it to the new scenario. In actual application, we hope that our model has bio-like intelligence and can adaptively learn new knowledge. This paper proposes a pretrained adaptive resonance network (PAN) based on the CNN and an intra-node back propagation ART network, which can adaptively learn new knowledge using prior information. The PAN network explores the difference between the new data and the stored information and learns this difference to realize the adaptive growth of the network. The model is testified on the MNIST and Omniglot data set, which show the effectiveness of PAN in adaptive incremental learning and its competitive classification accuracy.


A guide to images for use by educators and leaders in ministry. How to cite an image. Links to free clip art.


Plasmacytoma-like tumour is an infrequent entity observed among the post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). Immunosuppression and Epstein.Barr virus (EBV) infection play an important role in the development of the process. The preoperative diagnosis is difficult, but it can be made by means of immunohistochemical studies of the biopsies. The adequate treatment consists of surgery, radiotherapy and reduction of the administered immunosuppressor drugs. The patients need a close follow up because the resulting immusuppression facilitates the recurrence of the tumour or the rejection of the transplanted organ. We present the case of a patient with a heart transplant who developed a gastric plasmacytoma-like PTLD seven years after transplantation. We discuss the etiopathogenic theories, the diagnostic criteria and the treatment options.


Nurul Jadid is one of the biggest Islamic boarding schools in Probolinggo Regency with many formal and non-formal educational institutions. However, some of them have a lack of supervision in maintaining their quality aspects because of some reasons, such as less qualified human resources, overlapping schedules, and administrative business. Furthermore, this program is to focus on deploying supervision, monitoring, and evaluation over formal and nonformal educational institutions in Nurul Jadid. The result of this program is first, teacher's and student's learning tools in MI Nurul Mun'im are relatively completed and standardized, teacher's understanding of goals of Quranic literacy and furudhul 'ainiyah is highly demonstrated, the process of uneven semester 2018/2019 final exam in MTs Nurul Jadid is smoothly implemented, about 95% administrative requirements for pre-accreditation in SMP Nurul Jadid is achieved, and educational process in MA Nurul Jadid is based on eight (8) criteria of National Educational Standards.


Abstract The structure and magnetic properties of the new ferromagnetic compounds TlFe1+xS2 (0,25 ≤ x ≤ 0,85) were investigated. A new monoclinic phase Tl3Fe2S4 (a = 1303, b = 1114, c = 738,3 pm, β= 124,5°, Z = 4, space group C52h) was characterized by single crystal X-ray techniques.


Based on the current conditions of complex technology and poor reliabilities of fracturing stimulation of horizontal well in low permeability oilfield at home and abroad at present, separate zone fracturing technology and matched technique of horizontal well with sliding sleeve has been studied and tested. Applied in on-site tests, fracturing strings have advantages of good reliability, and can meet the requirements of separate zone fracturing in horizontal well. Selective zone fracturing tool assemblies in horizontal well are hydraulically operated in the process of setting, working and free of setting. Fracturing strings formed by fracturing tool assemblies have advantages of little tools which run into the well and stable reliability. A series of matched fishing technology for stuck well has been formed. This kind of fracturing treatment is even safer and more reliable. It is a kind of advanced separate zone fracturing technology in horizontal well.


ASTRAZENECA AB: Brimert T, Lawitz K. Novel compounds 2-pyridine derivatives as inhibitors of neutrophile elastase. Novel 2-pyridone derivatives are claimed for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, pulmonary emphysema, hypertension, asthma, ischaemic reperfusion injury, osteoarthritis, cancer and atherosclerosis. When compound I was assayed for its inhibition of neutrophil elastase in human neutrophils, it exhibited an IC50 value of 0.0005 μM. Several compounds and a Markush structure are claimed. WO2006098684 (21/09/2006) 100 pages.


Both hybrid Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)/ implicit Large Eddy Simulation (ILES) and k− based unsteady RANS (URANS) simulations were performed for flow over two turret configurations. The hybrid RANS/ILES computations were obtained using a well-validated high-order solver employing a 4-order compact spatial discretization in conjunction with a 6-order low-pass spatial filter operator that regularized the evolving solution by selectively removing unresolved high-frequency content. The URANS simulations were accomplished using a k− turbulence model with a 2-order Navier-Stokes flow solver. The first configuration modeled an experiment of a 1 1 2 " turret at flow conditions of M∞ = 0.5 and ReD = 4.36× 10. The second configuration modeled a one-foot turret at flow conditions of M∞ = 0.4 and ReD = 2.4 × 10. URANS and hybrid RANS/ILES simulations were performed on both configurations using a coarse four-million point mesh. Hybrid RANS/ILES simulations were also conducted on a fine 23 million point mesh. Results from the numerical simulations are compared with experimental pressure, velocity and surface-flow visualization. Independent of the mesh resolution and approach, the numerical simulations for the first turret configuration predicted separation from the turret dome downstream of the experimental location. This result suggests that URANS and hybrid turbulence models were unable to properly simulate the laminar/transitional separation. The simulations at higher Reynolds numbers for the second turret configuration yielded much better agreement with experimental data. The fine-mesh hybrid RANS/ILES solution agreed well with experimental pressure coefficient profiles and was within 3 of the separation angle. For both configurations the hybrid RANS/ILES solutions display complex 3-D flow phenomena in the wake of the turret that the k− URANS model was unable to resolve. The extent that these resolved flow structures degrade and distortion optical wavefronts will be the subject of future research.


TE wave properties of a slab dielectric waveguide with a nonlinear non-Kerr-like substrate and cladding are presented. The guide can support even- and odd-symmetrical modes in an asymmetrical substrate and cladding and asymmetrical modes in completely symmetrical cases. The dispersion relations and electric field profiles are illustrated and analytically discussed in detail.<<ETX>>


Under the situation of the psychological quality education becoming the important content in the college students' education system,there still exist weaknesses in single education form and so on five aspects in the process of implementation of psychological quality education in some colleges.In order to implement the psychological quality education effectively,we must improve psychological quality education mode from building an excellent skills faculty and so on six aspects,as well as fully implement experiential psychological quality education.


Monolithically integrated high voltage amplifier consisting of a differential amplifier in CMOS technology as the low voltage portion and at least one output stage with DMOS transistors as high-voltage part, wherein the output stage of an inverter stage and a downstream source follower stage consists, characterized in that the inverter stage (5) via a current source (4 ) is interconnected with a potential of the high voltage source, that the inverter stage (5) and the source follower stage (6) each consist of interconnected in series and consists of one another by in each case at least one dielectric layer isolated DMOS transistors, the drain of a DMOS transistor with the DMOS source of the other transistor is connected to a respective gate voltages of the DMOS transistors generating integrated resistor series combination of resistors is connected together with the same direction value deviations with the DMOS transistors, the absolute values of the wid erstande the process tolerances, however, subject the resulting voltage divider including the parasitic capacitances are completely identical and in that between the output of the source follower stage (6) and the connection of the current source (4) and of the inverter stage (5) at a reduction of output voltage of a ...


Labour costs in Germany rose more sharply in 2008 than in previous years, but the increase was once again less pronounced than in virtually all other European countries. This brought about a further strenghtening of Germany's international competitiveness and contributed towards the country's current account surplus. Global trade imbalances contributed significantly towards causing the current crisis and have only declined as it has run its course. However this marginal overall increase in German labour costs conceals varying levels of costs in the different economic sectors. At EUR 32.501 per hour in the manufacturing sector, Germany occupies a mid-way position in the top 50 per cent of countries in the eurozone, while private services sector labour costs correspond to the eurozone average of EUR 26 per hour. German industry is improving its competitive position considerably, thanks to favourable intermediate inputs of the services sector due to comparatively low labour costs of this sector's. In the current crisis, which is characterised by a huge decline in foreign demand, the disadvantages of an export oriented economic model and the limits of an economic policy focussed solely on improved international competitiveness are now becoming clear. If the intention is to correct this in the future and to try to achieve a balanced growth of exports and domestic demand, then higher wage growth is also required.


The paper reviews the strategy of research and development of nanotechnology in Japan. Fujitsu the nanotechnology research centre in Japan focuses on the second and third aspects of nanotechnology. Second aspects of nanotechnology is the terabit storage technology and the third one is the network device development. The paper describes the recent results of the research including a technology to form size and position controlled quantum dots, carbon nanotube CVD growth for interconnection in Si LSIs. The paper also presents the future prospects of bio-nanotechnology to establish future healthcare network society.


The occurrence of alzheimer's disease is closely related to diabetes.When diabetic patients suffer from long-term poor blood glucose control, repeated hypoglycemia and other problems, central nervous system and cerebrovascular diseases will occur, accelerating the occurrence of alzheimer's disease.In this paper, the current and effective nursing interventions for diabetes mellitus with alzheimer's disease were summarized to reduce the incidence of complications and improve the quality of life of patients.

Key words:
Diabetic mellitus; Alzheimer's disease; Current nursing status


Since countries in Sub-Saharan African have become independent researchers have developed relatively inexpensive simple and rapid demographic and epidemiologic techniques to collect and present data; to measure the magnitude distribution and cause of health problems; and to allow clear evaluation of intervention efficacy. These methods applied to existing data on Sub-Saharan Africa permit a broad overview of epidemiologic and demographic trends and current conditions. Yet many countries do not have the mechanisms to assess basic epidemiologic and demographic conditions which allows them to formulate and implement effective and efficient health sector policies. Countries that have this infrastructure like Zimbabwe can address the broad range health problems. Botswana Congo Kenya Sudan Zimbabwe have been successful in closing the health gap with other regions which occurs much more quickly than does increasing income. Mortality has fallen considerably in Sub-Saharan Africa but it has not fallen evenly over time and among and within countries. For example between 1955-1975 the average annual rate of decrease in mortality for <5 year old children ranged from 3.1 in the Ivory Coast to 0.4 in Malawi. Further even though life expectancy at birth has increased from 43-51 years in Sub-Saharan Africa between 1965-1988 Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest life expectancy in the world. Yet mortality among children <5 years old has risen in Ghana and Nigeria and remains poor in the Gambia Malawi and Sierra Leone. Maternal mortality and tuberculosis are leading preventable causes of death among adults in Sub-Saharan African. Diarrhea acute respiratory infection malnutrition and vaccine preventable diseases remain predominant causes of death among children.


This paper describes a systematic approach to the psychological and physical factors that determine the psychological and physical responses in the human body known as diseases. The author aims to ...


Intermittent treatment with high-dose testosterone shows therapeutic potential in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Going BATty to Fight Prostate Cancer Castration-resistant prostate cancer does not necessarily require the presence of testosterone and growth in the absence of hormonal stimulation is frequently observed. Thus, standard androgen deprivation therapy is ineffective at this stage of the disease. Now, Schweizer et al. have pursued a different approach, based on evidence that cancer cells adapted to low-androgen conditions may not be able to tolerate high amounts of testosterone. A clinical trial of "bipolar androgen therapy," leading to alternation between very high and low concentrations of testosterone in the patients' blood, showed that the regimen was well tolerated and has therapeutic potential. In addition to its direct anticancer effects, intermittent testosterone dosing may restore the tumors' sensitivity to antiandrogen agents, further expanding patients' treatment options. Targeting androgen receptor (AR) axis signaling by disrupting androgen-AR interactions remains the primary treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. Unfortunately, all men develop resistance to primary castrating therapy and secondary androgen deprivation therapies (ADTs). Resistance develops in part because castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells adaptively up-regulate AR levels through overexpression, amplification, and expression of ligand-independent variants in response to chronic exposure to a low-testosterone environment. However, preclinical models suggest that AR overexpression represents a therapeutic liability that can be exploited via exposure to supraphysiologic testosterone to promote CRPC cell death. Preclinical data supported a pilot study in which 16 asymptomatic CRPC patients with low to moderate metastatic burden were treated with testosterone cypionate (400 mg intramuscular; day 1 of 28) and etoposide (100 mg oral daily; days 1 to 14 of 28). After three cycles, those with a declining prostate-specific antigen (PSA) continued on intermittent testosterone therapy monotherapy. Castrating therapy was continued to suppress endogenous testosterone production, allowing for rapid cycling from supraphysiologic to near-castrate serum testosterone levels, a strategy termed bipolar androgen therapy (BAT). BAT was well tolerated and resulted in high rates of PSA (7 of 14 evaluable patients) and radiographic responses (5 of 10 evaluable patients). Although all men showed eventual PSA progression, four men remained on BAT for ≥1 year. All patients (10 of 10) demonstrated PSA reductions upon receiving androgen-ablative therapies after BAT, suggesting that BAT may also restore sensitivity to ADTs. BAT shows promise as treatment for CRPC and should be further evaluated in larger trials.


A guide to finding information in archaeology. Includes links to key resources and sources of help. Additional sources of help and guidance


The characters performance and their corresponding optimization cultivation technique of QT 4,QT 06 /154,QT 06 /212,YT 00 /236,RC22,RC21,RC25,RB72 /454,GT 96 /154,GT 96 /211,GT 00 /122 and GZ 95 /18 were introduced from angles of variety characteristics,agronomic characters and quality,and summarized in the light of variety characteristics to enhance planting economic benefit for sugarcane growers in Guizhou.


This chapter employs the Italian approach to feudalism where the feudo-vassalic relationship is one among many varieties of lord–client bond. It turns to the tenurial relationship and to the question of the honour. The perspective of the honour is complemented by Cortese's concepts of zonal and multi-zonal aristocracy, aristocrazia intermedia, and minor aristocratic families. Warwickshire is taken as a case study revealing Anglo-Norman society as a dynamic one in which families appear and rise or fall. We examine religious benefaction, family structure and strategy, local lordship, and the protection of estates, before moving to tournaments and proto-chivalry. We pay close attention to the men described as milites, and to the survival of Englishmen as sub-tenants and the like. It was from the ensuing mix that the militaristic minor aristocracy of twelfth-century England sprang. Finally, the chapter examines the interlocking of public and seigniorial courts. Tension and uncertainty persisted, despite a new equilibrium being established after the massive shock of the Norman Conquest.


The exploration of the leading group of the second generation in adjusting the relationship between central and local governments is summarized,which is considered having theoretical and practical significance to China's current reform and adjustment on the relationship between central and local governments.


This work investigates creep and microstructure characteristics in P92 martensitic and 304L austenitic stainless steel after the imposing of large value of plastic strain. The as-received coarse-grained steels were strongly deformed at room temperature (RT) before tensile creep testing. The flat specimens were tested at 873 K and 923 K under different applied stresses. Microstructures were analysed by means of scanning electron microscope with EBSD (electron back-scatter diffraction) camera and transmission electron microscope. It was observed that application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques at RT significantly reduces grain size and changes phase structure of 304L austenitic steel. The microstructure investigations revealed that the growth of new phases is enhanced in plastically deformed P92 martensitic and 304L austenitic stainless steels compared to their undeformed states. Creep results showed that the mean grain size of SPD-processed steels is still near ultrafine-grained region even after long-term creep testing and the coarsening of microstructure is predominantly influenced by creep time and strain.


Surface morphologies of self-assembled (Ga)InAs nanostructures grown by partial-capping-and-regrowth technique using gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) and solid-source molecular beam epitaxy (SSMBE) are compared. With SSMBE under an As4 ambient, as-grown quantum dots (QDs) change to a camel-like nanostructure after being partially overgrown with GaAs. When additional InAs is deposited, quantum-dot molecules are created. In comparison, with GSMBE under As2 overpressure, as-grown QDs are transformed into quantum rings after partial capping with GaAs and then, after regrowth, become double QDs. At higher regrowth temperature, QD rings are formed.


Four amatoxin‐binding proteins with KD values in the nanomolar range, 3 monoclonal antibodies and RNA polymerase II, were studied with respect to their affinities to 24 α‐amanitin derivatives with modified side chains. From KD values we estimated the amounts of binding energy that single side chains of the amatoxins contribute to complex formation. Ile6, previously identified by X‐ray analysis to be part of a β‐turn (Kostansek EC, Lipscomb WN, Yocum RR, Thiessen WE, 1978, Biochemistry 17: 3790‐3795) proved to be of outstanding importance in all complexes. Replacement of the isoleucine with alanine reduced the affinity to all binding proteins to < 1%, suggesting a strong hydrophobic interaction. A strong effect was also seen when Gly5 was replaced with alanine, suggesting that the absence of a side chain in proximity to the β‐turn is likewise important. In addition to the β‐turn, each of the proteins showed at least 2 other points of strong contact formed by hydrogen bonds. Donors are the indole NH of 6′‐hydroxy‐Trp4 and OH of hydroxy‐Pro2 and dihydroxy‐Ile3. All the antibodies, but not RNA polymerase II, recognized the indole nucleus of 6″hydroxy‐Trp4. The geometric arrangement of the 4 strongest contact points suggests that the amatoxin binding site is different in each of the 4 proteins, except for the 2 antibodies raised in the same animal. Here, most of the contact points were identical but differed in strength of interaction. The method of structural analysis presented in this study is useful for identifying contact sites in complexes of proteins with peptides of rigid conformation. Furthermore, the method complements X‐ray data by providing information on the amount of binding energy contributed by single structural elements.


Organic solvent extracts of the stem bark of Hagenia abyssinica Bruce J.F. Gmel (Rosaceae) were screened for anthelmintic and antibacterial activity. The methanol and dichloromethane/methanol extracts exhibited anthelmintic activity when tested using Panagrellus redivivus model. Further, the stem bark methanol extract showed significant but weaker activity than levamisole against Caenorhabditis elegans species. The petroleum ether and the dichloromethane/methanol extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli at a concentration of 50 mg/ml, but no antifungal activity.


With the widespread application of computer network technology, diverse anonymous cyber crimes begin to appear in the online community. The anonymous nature of online-information distribution makes writeprint identification a critical forensic problem. But the difficulty of the task is the huge number of features in even a moderate-sized available text corpus, which causes the problem of over-training. In this paper, we proposed a novel random subspace method by constructing a set of stable classifiers to take advantage of nearly all the discriminative information in the high dimensional feature space. In the construction of base classifiers, an optimized synergetic neural network is employed to provide probabilistic information for each class. Performance results on the subset of Reuters Corpus Volume 1 (RCV1) show that the proposed random subspace method achieves the better identification performance than a single classifier and conventional random subspace methods.


The history of work on leucosphenite, NanBaTi,BrSiroO*, is reviewed. Its paragenesis in the Green River Formation in Utah and Wyoming is described and four other known occurrences in Greenland, Quebec, Eastern and Central Asia are briefly noted. Goniometric observations, optical properties, cell dimensions, and 2 new chemical analyses which confirm the formula are reported, Optical properties and cell dimensions of leucosphenite from many sources in the Green River Formation and from Mont St. Eilaire, Quebec, show little variation. Leucosphenite delts incongruently at about 800'C to a glass and Ba,TiO(Si,O'). fresnoite.


Ecologists and biogeographers routinely categorize species as "native" with a confidence that for a surprising number of taxa belies the quality of the supporting data. In classical views of the origins of community assemblages, species are either native (that is, indigenous or endemic taxa, including prehistorical invasions) or exotic (that is, historical invasions, including both natural range expansions and human-mediated introductions). The default in this view is to classify species without any obvious record of introduction as "native." Given, however, the historical prevalence of the global movement of plants and animals by humans, combined with a lack of data that would either support or dismiss such movements for many individual species, it is clear that in communities that have been under the sustained influence of human endeavor there are many species that cannot reliably be assigned to either category. The members of this latter group are called "cryptogenic species," a term I introduced in 1982 in abstract form and that has been occasionally but informally used in the literature since that time (e.g., Kinzie 1984). I here define a cryptogenic species (crypt-, Greek, kryptos, secret; -genic, New Latin, genic, origin) as a species that is not demonstrably native or introduced. The word "cryptogenic" (= cryptogenetic) also appears rarely in older medical literature, and was originally, curiously enough, "applied to those cases in which the port of entry of the germs is no longer visible (for example, a hypodermic puncture), or cannot be positively determined" (Oxford English Dictionary 1972). In this note I make two points: (1) cryptogenic species may be remarkably common, and (2) the existence of cryptogenic species has important consequences for understanding biological invasions.


INTRODUCTION: Physical frailty is considered a medical syndrome characterized by a reduction in strength, resistance and physiological function, increasing the individual's vulnerability to develop greater dependence and, consequently, greater risk of death. The markers of physical frailty for the assessment and characterization of the elderly are: decreased handgrip strength (HS), slow gait, unintentional weight loss, self-reported exhaustion and low level of physical activity. During hospitalization, HS can be used to define treatment goals and evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVE: to investigate HS in hospitalized elderly and its correlation with different parameters used in the usual practice of assessing nutritional status in this age group. METHOD: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. 51 elderly people over 60 years old, of both sexes, were admitted to the medical clinic of Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley in João Pessoa, Paraíba, from March to July 2019. HS was obtained using the digital dynamometer model EH101, using the average of three measurements. The cutoff point considered for low muscle strength was HS < 27 kg for men and < 16 kg for women, according to the 2019 consensus of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). For the statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Science 13.0 program was used and Pearson's Correlation was used, considering it significant when p <0.05. RESULT: The sample consisted of elderly people with a mean age of 70.12 ± 6.87 years, of which 56.9% were aged between 60 and 69 years and 54.9% were female. In the analysis of the HS, he found 58.8% of the elderly with loss of muscle strength already on hospital admission. The muscle circumference of the arm and tricipital skin fold indicators found the highest percentages of malnutrition, 43.2% and 62.8%, respectively. HS showed a positive correlation only with adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) (r = 0.542, p <0.001). CONCLUSION: There was a high frequency of elderly people with impaired strength, but HS correlated only with APMT, not showing a direct relationship with other anthropometric parameters used in the routine practice of assessment with the elderly. Therefore, HS, or at least the evaluation of APMT, becomes indispensable for the evaluation and therapeutic planning of hospitalized patients. da panturrilha; CMB: circunferência muscular do braço; PCT: prega cutânea triciptal; EMAP: espessura do músculo adultor do polegar; MAN: mini avaliação nutricional.


The formal concept of an animal's home range, or derivations thereof, has been around for over half a century (Burt 1943). Within this time frame there have been countless published studies reporting home range estimators with no consensus for any single technique (Withey et al., 2001; Laver & Kelly 2008). Recent advances in global positioning system (GPS) technology for monitoring home range and movements of wildlife have resulted in locations that are numerous, more precise than very high frequency (VHF) systems, and often are autocorrelated in space and time. Along with these advances, researchers are challenged with understanding the proper methods to assess size of home range or migratory movements of various species. The most acceptable method of home-range analysis with uncorrelated locations, kernel-density estimation (KDE), has been lauded by some for use with GPS technology (Kie et al., 2010) while criticized by others for errors in proper bandwidth selection (Hemson et al., 2005) and violation of independence assumptions (Swihart & Slade 1985b). The issue of autocorrelation or independence in location data has been dissected repeatedly by users of KDE for decades (Swihart & Slade 1985a; Worton 1995, but see Fieberg 2007) and can be especially problematic with data collected with GPS technology. Recently, alternative methods were developed to address the issues with bandwidth selection for KDE and autocorrelated GPS data. Brownian bridge movement models (BBMM), which incorporate time between successive locations into the utilization distribution estimation, were recommended for use with serially correlated locations collected with GPS technology (Bullard 1999; Horne et al., 2007). The wrapped Cauchy distribution KDE was also introduced to incorporate a temporal dimension into the KDE (Keating & Cherry 2009). Improvements were developed in bandwidth selection for KDE


A 71-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of cutaneous erosions and ulcers. The initial lesion was a superficial erosion within a scar resulting from breast reduction surgery. This lesion persisted and in addition, crops of further lesions developed at the sites of minimal trauma while the patient was doing voluntary work in Croatia, which involved handling and tagging birds. She was assessed upon her return to the UK, and a skin biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation. Although tissue cultures were negative, the patient was prescribed azithromycin 500 mg twice daily to treat an atypical infection. Despite this, new lesions continued to appear. She had a background history of osteoarthritis and reflux oesophagitis, for which she took omeprazole 20 mg once daily but no nonprescription medications or supplements. Physical examination revaled approximately 20 lesions at different stages of evolution on the patient's arms and legs (Fig. 1a,b). Recent lesions were red violaceous papules, whereas older lesions had evolved into plaques up to 150 mm in diameter, which had raised, eroded and crusted borders with central healing.