An attempt is made to further the development of a basis for prescribing traction demand safety factors in ramp descent. The anthropometric and kinesiological approaches are compared. Kinesiological ramp descent data from a young adult population are utilized to extrapolate traction demand requirements to a middle age population. A safety factor of 2 appears adequate for these populations. Further research is needed to develop safety factor data for healthy individuals in older populations. A traction demand variation with age is suggested. A possible explanation is suggested for the rearward direction of applied heel shear forces which occurs during the landing phase of the gait cycle.


Hepatitis C (HCV) is a high prevalence blood borne disease, often chronic in nature that can potentially be associated with a number of physical comorbidities such as cirrhosis of the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma, musculoskeletal pain, and cognitive impairment (Barkhuizen et al., 1999; Chen & Morgan, 2006; Forton, Taylor-Robinson, & Thomas, 2003; Glacken, Coates, Kernohan, & Hegarty, 2003; Hoofnagle, 1997; Koziel, 2005; Lehman & Cheung, 2002; Mendez et al., 2001; Ramalho, 2003), and psychological comorbidities such as depression and anxiety (Chapko et al., 2005; Chen & Morgan, 2006; Fried et al., 2002; Hauser, Zimmer, Schiedermaier, & Grandt, 2004; Lee & Harrison, 2005; Shiffman et al., 2004; Simmonds, 2001). Despite the potential for individuals to clear HCV through anti-viral treatment regimens, variance in treatment outcomes remain, and unlike other types of Hepatitis, such as Hepatitis B (HBV), no vaccine currently exists to protect individuals from contracting HCV (Coppola et al., 2004; Shiffman et al., 2004). Recent estimates suggest that approximately 170 million individuals have been infected with HCV worldwide (Lee & Abdo, 2003; Shiffman et al., 2004). Due to data collection limitations, the exact number of individuals infected with HCV in New Zealand remains unknown. Despite these limitations that are largely related to many cases of HCV remaining undiagnosed, it has been estimated that in New Zealand, approximately 54,000 individuals are currently living with HCV (Gane et al., 2014). This is compared to Australia, where it has been estimated that approximately 270,000 individuals are living with chronic cases of HCV (Gane et al., 2014). Further, estimates of HCV prevalence in New Zealand related to ethnicity have suggested that the vast majority of reported cases of HCV come from individuals from a European background (approximately 76%), compared to 15% of reported cases from within the Maori population, and 1% of reported cases coming from within the Pacific Islander population (New Zealand Health Information Service, 2001). By comparison, in Australia, estimates of HCV prevalence among individuals from an indigenous background have been problematic to determine due to a number of data collection limitations, including in many cases, the lack of a requirement to include reporting of ethnicity in many states and territories when reporting acute HCV infection (National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, 2007). At the time data were collected for the present study, the standard treatment protocol for HCV included interferon (once weekly self-administered intramuscular injection), ribavirin (daily oral self-administered medication), and depending on pretreatment medical assessment results, an additional protease inhibitor drug (either boceprevir or telaprevir) (Jacobson et al., 2012; Shiffman et al., 2004; Thompson, 2016; Wackernah, Lou, & Park, 2011). Similar to ribarvirin, boceprevir and telaprevir require the individual to take an oral tablet on a daily basis for the required treatment period (Jacobson et al., 2012). Treatment periods for individuals undergoing interferon, ribavirin and protease inhibitor HCV treatment can be between 12 to 48 weeks depending on pre-treatment medical assessment results (e.g., cirrhosis of the liver typically requires longer treatment) (Jacobson et al., 2012; Wackernah et al., 2011). Further, for individuals preparing for interferon based HCV treatment, a comprehensive psychosocial assessment is often required, in addition to other pre-treatment bio-medical assessments, to determine the individual's psychological preparedness for HCV treatment (Thompson, 2016). The rationale for the inclusion of pre-treatment psychosocial assessments is primarily due to the potential for interferon to exacerbate existing mental health conditions, cause endogenous depression, or in rare cases psychosis. (Holmes, Thompson, & Bell, 2013; Sarkar, Sarkar, Berg, & Schaefer, 2015; Wackernah et al. …


Recent breakthrough in wireless energy transfer technology has enabled wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to operate with zero-downtime through the use of mobile energy chargers (MCs), that periodically replenish the energy supply of the sensor nodes. Due to the limited battery capacity of the MCs, a significant number of MCs and charging depots are required to guarantee perpetual operations in large scale networks. Existing methods for reducing the number of MCs and charging depots treat the charging tour planning and depot positioning problems separately even though they are inter-dependent. This paper is the first to jointly consider charging tour planning and MC depot positioning for large-scale WSNs. The proposed method solves the problem through the following three stages: charging tour planning, candidate depot identification and reduction, and depot deployment and charging tour assignment. The proposed charging scheme also considers the association between the MC charging cycle and the operational lifetime of the sensor nodes, in order to maximize the energy efficiency of the MCs. This overcomes the limitations of existing approaches, wherein MCs with small battery capacity ends up charging sensor nodes more frequently than necessary, while MCs with large battery capacity return to the depots to replenish themselves before they have fully transferred their energy to the sensor nodes. Compared with existing approaches, the proposed method leads to an average reduction in the number of MCs by 64%, and an average increase of 19.7 times on the ratio of total charging time over total traveling time.


So ends Arthur Clarke's classic 2001: A Space Odyssey, and, as David Bowman contemplates with some dismay his seeming mastery of the universe, his unstated question is one the contemporary writing or literature teacher might well appropriate for his or her own contemporary pedagogical dilemma: So what do I do now with my students? It is the question a high-school English teacher once asked me as she read some Derrida and Nietzsche as part of a required Contemporary Theory and Pedagogy class I was teaching. Her pedagogical quandary was not an isolated one. I answered her with another question: "What if a student in your freshman writing class submits to you a rough draft of a paper which you consider to be racist-very racist? Would you, or should you, with that paper-or perhaps one that asserts that it is the duty of Christians to ferret out every gay and 'beat some sense into him'-mark it as any other paper?" She seemed to squirm in her seat. She had, in fact, once gotten a racist paper, and her response had been unequivocal: she did not allow the paper and "sat the student down and set him right." Whatever truth there is to Foucault's assertion that each "society has its regime of truth, its 'general politics' of truth-i.e., the types of discourse which it accepts and makes function as true" ("Truth" 131), and whatever personal power agendas are working subtly at the heart of any particular discourse, still, to that teacher that morning, there were some things you could be certain about. In the case of a racist paper, some seemingly universal principle far beyond "political correctness," beyond situational truths, was at issue. Still, as she struggled through some of the assigned readings for the course, it was clear she was having some difficulty reconciling her own moral fervor


Jahshan C, Wynn JK, Mathis KI, Altshuler LL, Glahn DC, Green MF. Cross‐diagnostic comparison of duration mismatch negativity and P3a in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 239–248. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.


Global image matching is a general model for digital photogrammetry, integrating area-based multi-image matching, point determination, object surface reconstruction and orthoimage generation. Using this model the unknown quantities are estimated directly from the pixel intensity values and from control information in a nonlinear least squares adjustment. The unknown quantities are the geometric and radiometric parameters of the approximation of the object surface (e.g. the heights of a digital terrain model and the brightness values of each point on the surface), and the orientation parameters of the images. Some tests using this approach on real aerial imagery were made. A manually measured digital terrain model was used as reference. The main objective of the tests was to investigate if using more than two images in the global matching would increase the accuracy and reliability of the results. In this paper a review of the approach, the tests and the results are presented and evaluated. Some problems with using this approach on real imagery and practical applications are discussed, and suggestions for future development of the method are made.


With the integration of different multimedia services and the growing demand of bandwidth, local area networks (LAN) are becoming switched networks. A rigorous and systematic design of switched LAN topologies requires, among other issues, the determination of the capacity of the links connecting the switches to appropriately support the new services. This paper proposes an alternative mathematical methodology to compute the loss probability obtaining more accurate results than other approaches in the related literature. The different services are modeled using different classes of on-off sources and the capacity of the links have to guarantee a given information loss probability constraint.


Chrysotherapy has now become a recognized form of treatment in rheumatoid arthritis and much experimental work has been done to determine the fate of gold salts in the body. Kling and his colleagues (1939) showed that gold compounds were deposited mainly in reticulo-endothelial cells, of which synovial membrane contains a large number. They were able to detect spectrographically the presence of gold in synovial fluids, even after the administration of such a small amount of gold salt as 350 mg. According to Rosenberg (1942), gold enters almost every cell in the body -shortly after injection, the greatest concentration being found in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and skin. Block and Buchanan (1940) claimed to have devised an accurate and specific microcolorimetric method for the determination of small amounts of gold in biological fluids such as blood and urine. This method has been used extensively by these workers and their colleagues to study the metabolism of injected gold salts (Block, Buchanan, and Freyberg, 1941, 1942; Freyberg, Block, and Levey, 1941, 1942; Freyberg, 1942; Freyberg, Block, and Wells, 1942; Block, 1944). They found that, when intramuscular injections of myochrysine were given at weekly intervals and when the dosage was kept at a constant level (100 mg.myochrysine, that is, 50 mg. gold) theconcentration ofplasma gold remained fairly constant (0*4 to 0 8 mg. per 100 ml.). Furthermore, during the period of administration much -of the gold was retained in the body. With a weekly injection of 50 mg. of gold, theaverage daily excretion, mainly in the urine, was 1 mg. Thus during treatment about 80 per cent. of the injected gold remained in the body. After a course of injections gold could be recovered from the blood and urine for long periods, even up to one year. During an investigation into the effect of BAL (2: 3-dimercaptopropanol) on patients receiving myochrysine for rheumatoid arthritis, we decided to use the method of Block and Buchanan (1940) to estimate the amount of gold in blood and urine before and during BAL administration. Their technique was carried out in the strictest detail. Method


I have been working on a list of New Guinea birds for a period of more than seven years. In order to present more than a compilation it was found necessary to revise critically every genus occurring in that region. The results of these revisions have been published in previous papers as far as passerine birds are concerned. Most of the non-passerine species, however, extend their range considerably beyond New Guinea, and revisions of these species could not have been undertaken without consulting the rich material of the Rothschild Collection and the extensive collections of the Whitney South Sea Expedition made in the Bismarck Archipelago, the Louisiade and d'Entrecasteaux Archipelagoes, the Solomon Islands, and Polynesia. It was thought best to include these revisions in the present series, since a considerable portioni of the examined material was collected by the Whitney Expedition. The present paper contains a study of the genus Collocalia. No list of the New Guinea birds could be prepared without a critical revision of the vast amount of new material of this genus accessioned by the American Museum during recent years. The variation and the relationship of the New Guinea species cannot be understood without reference to the extralimital species. Still, the emphasis of the following revision is on the New Guinea forms, and all the others are treated only incidentally. I am deeply obliged to Dr. E. Stresemann for much advice and for the loan of valuable material, including the type of pseudovestita.


This study examines stress levels in, and a range of stressors experienced by, officials from a trade union within the fire and rescue service (n = 85). Findings indicate dissatisfaction with aspects of the work of union officials. Additionally, respondents exhibited excessive levels of stress resulting from the service's organisational structure and their role within it. The benefits of the union role to the service are noted; and it is suggested that consideration be given to effecting change in organisational structure, climate, and practice in the fire and rescue service, and to improving support for union officials. Global Connections Editor's Note: The two articles that follow are from scholars in the United Kingdom. The article by Vivienne Brunsden, Steve Wilson, and Louise Woodward went through the regular peer review process employed by the International Fire Service Journal of Leadership and Management (IFSJLM). As such, it follows the same American Psychological Association (APA) style requirements as other articles published in the journal. The second article co-authored by Ferhana Hashem and Jacqueline Lilly, is reprinted as it appeared in our sister journal in the United Kingdom, Fire, Safety, Technology, & Management (FST&M), published in association with The Fire Service College, Moreton-in-Marsh, England, and the Institution of Fire Engineers. FST&M uses the Harvard reference style, not the APA style. In each issue of IFSJLM one article from a recent issue of FST&M will be reprinted. In turn, an article from each issue of IFSJLM will appear in FST&M. We wish to thank Ms. Rosie Bennett, Managing Editor of FST&M, for her help in establishing this research cross-fertilization practice and her support and advice in the establishment of IFSJLM. IFSJLM actively solicits articles on fire leadership and management from academicians and practitioners globally. We hope this section of the journal, aptly called "Global Connections," expands over the years as we build theory that impacts fire service leadership and management worldwide.


A Buddhist Sri Lankan NGO provides an example of how endogenous faith-based civil society organisations can help mobilise IDPs in owning and defining strategies for their own protection.


Partial discharge of power equipment is one of the common faults in power systems. How to quickly and accurately determine the location of partial discharge is a problem that needs to be solved in practice. The signal arrival time difference estimation technique in signal processing is one of the effective methods to solve this problem. When the power equipment is partially discharged, an ultrasonic signal is generated. Therefore, the local discharge can be positioned according to the ultrasonic signal, however, the traditional signal arrival time difference estimation methods are not ideal for the actual low signal-to-noise ratio and narrow-band ultrasonic signals. In this paper, an improved correlation coefficient waveform comparison time difference estimation algorithm based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(CEEMDAN), threshold denoising is proposed, referred to as CEEMDAN-TDE. Firstly, according to the characteristics of the actual ultrasonic signals, the double-exponential decay oscillation model is used to model the partial discharge ultrasonic signals, and Gaussian white noises are added as the interference signals. secondly, the CEEMDAN threshold denoising is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the partial discharge signals; thirdly, the cross-correlation coefficient is calculated, then the arrival time difference can be obtained by comparing the waveforms of the correlation coefficients, and the partial discharge location information is known. The computer simulations of the CEEMDAN-TDE method, and the generalized correlation method, LMS method, and correlation coefficient waveform comparison method estimation are performed. Experimental results show that the estimating performance in arrival time difference of proposed method, CEEMDAN-TDE, is better than the other three methods' under low SNR and narrowband. The CEEMDAN-TDE method has the hopeful more application in practice.


The utility model provides a high-strength laminated board of which the strength reaches and even exceeds the strength of high-grade alloy steel. The high-strength laminated board comprises more than two layers of prepregs which are superimposed and laminated, wherein each prepreg comprises an enhanced layer of which two sides are coated with thermosetting resin layers, and the enhanced layers and the thermosetting resin layers are baked to be combined together.The specific strength of the high-strength laminated board provided by the utility model reaches and even exceeds the requirement of the high-grade alloy steel, the high-strength laminated board provided by the utility model has good chemical resistance and high insulating property, and the high-strength laminated board can be used for a long time at the high temperature of 150 DEG C.


The upcoming millennium provides presidents and trustees with the opportunity to consider the current state of community college governance and its implication for refocusing presidents' and trustees' contributions to their community colleges.


Objective:To investigate the characteristics of the cochlear implant users on mismatch negativity(MMN).Methods:The standard(/ba/) and deviant stimuli(/da/) were presented in an oddball paradigm and the MMN were recorded.The relevance among the scores of speech discrimination and the characters of MMN and the mean auditory thresholds were investigated.Results:The peak latency of MMN in the cochlear implant(CI) group was significantly longer than that in the control group,but the amplitude changed slightly.A significant correlation was found between the scores of speech discrimination and the characters of MMN in CI group.Conclusion:There was significant correlation among the scores of speech discrimination and MMN,which further confirmed that mismatch negativity is a tool for the assessment of stimuli discrimination in cochlear implant subjects.


An essential task faces chemistry educators of educating citizenry to motivate, mobilize, and manage human activity and institutions to change priorities and alter their responses to energy consumption.


A rapid and sensitive colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay based on a monoclonal antibody,which could detect 11 fluoroquinolones(FQs) was developed.The monoclonal antibody was labeled with 20 nm gold particles as the detection reagent which was immobilized on glass fiber,and norfloxacin-ovalbumin was blotted on the test line while a sheep anti-mouse antibody was used on the control line combined on nitrocellose.The detection limits of the strip in pork and shrimp samples were 30 ng/g for ciprofloxacin,enrofloxacin,ofloxacin and 100 ng/g for norfloxacin,pefloxacin,enoxacin,marbofloxacin,lomefloxacin,danofloxacin,sarafloxacin and difloxacin.The whole process involved sample preparation and detection could be finished in less than 20 minutes.The results demonstrated that the method could be used as a screening tool for the determination of 11 FQs residues in large amount of pork and shrimp samples on site.


Discusses the intellectual and political developments that distinguished the country's history from the beginnings of Minoan culture to the death of Alexander.


The yeast-extract of at least 0,1% concentration speeds up the growth of the Peniciliium. notatum. By changing, in the modified Czapek-Dox' medium, sodium nitrate by an equal quantity of sodium nitrite, one observes a very remarkable delay in the growth of this mould. The dextrose helps the growth of the mould as well as the pigmentation of the mycelium. The P. notatum ferments dextrose, sucrose, maltose, and glycerol, without production of gas. It has no action on: adonitol, starch, arabinose, dextrin, dulcitol, esculin, galactose, inulin, inositol, lactose, levulose, mannitol, raffinose, salicin, trehalose and xylose. The milk is not acidified or coagulated by it. Gelatin is not liquefied; indol is not formed and nitrites are not produced from nitrates by it. From this organism we could get dry cultures that maintain, for a long time, (10 months of observation), entirely morphologic characters, biochemical activities, including the ability to produce penicillin. The spores of P. notatum are not pathogenic for rabbits, guinea-pigs or mice. The Czapek-Dox' medium modified by Clutterburck, Lovell and Raistrick has shown itself to be superior to Hottinger's broth in the production of penicillin. The zinc cation that helps the Aspergillus niger in the production of citric acid, is inactive in the production of penicillin that is recognized by Chain as an organic acid. The plate method for determinating the bacteriostatic power of penicillin, is not so exact as the method of tubes with dilutions in series, but it has been used by us because it is quicker and more economic and because, in these first researches, we aimed more at qualitative than at the quantitative aspect. The growth of Staphylococcus (aureus, albus and citreus), Streptococcus ( pyogenes group) , Pneumococcus and Gonococcus was distinctly and always, in a similar manner, inhibited by the penicillin. The growth of Streptococcus of the viridans group was also inhibited but they showed less sensitiveness. The two strains of Escherichia coli and those of Eberthella typhosa that were researched by us showed themselves as without sensitiveness to the bacteriostatic action of penicillin.


In general, every welfare state is to be productive. If not, the welfare state itself cannot be sustainable because resource for the development of welfare only comes from a sound level of economic development. However, how to mix welfare and production differs from country to country. This article tackles this phenomenon as a starting point.
 Granted, contemporary studies of comparative welfare state often starts from the theory of welfare regime which has been suggested by Esping-Andersen. This article also regards the framework as an analytic tool to elaborate upon the concept of productive welfare and to categorize different types of conception of productive welfare. In liberal regime, the concept is so narrowly interpreted that they emphasize micro-efficiency of specific welfare programs. On the contrary. the other two regime types recognize the concept of productive welfare as relatively wide. Therefore, conservative and social democratic regimes underscore macro-efficiency of the welfare state as a whole.
 Empirical analyses of this article explores each regime's success and failure in terms of achieving fundamental goals of the welfare state, i.e. economic development and enhancement of equality, A series of evidence show that liberal regime fails in achieving both goals, while the other two regimes seem to be relatively successful.
 In conclusion, it may be pointed out that current tendency of neo-liberalism and anti-welfarism in Korea should be overcome, which must be the prime task of social welfare academia of this country.


High speed transmission of information suffers inevitably by intersymbol interference (ISI) induced by multipath propagation over frequency selective channels. ISI has been a major obstacle preventing the successful implementation of physical layer network coding (PLNC) systems in these environments. Another major obstacle is the high computational complexity of existing algorithms dealing with ISI, which is a determining factor in the design of relay nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel and computationally efficient decision feedback equalizer structure that is utilized at the end node and in conjunction with a simple amplify and forward (AF) technique employed at the relay. We derive the optimal equations for the decision feedback equalizer (DFE) coefficients and evaluate the end-to-end bit error rate performance in frequency selective channels, and provide both analytical and numerical simulation results that demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach under realistic channel conditions. The obtained results show that E2E performance is dominated by the channel with most severe frequency selectivity.


Abstract:This article examines how the policy known as "bring your own bottle" (BYOB) developed in Philadelphia's restaurant industry in the decades after Prohibition (1920–33) and how, over time, the policy grew into an important feature of the city's dining-out culture. More, this article positions BYOBs as places where chefs enjoyed creativity and experimentation free from corporate oversight and where patrons not only saved money but also affirmed their cultural tastes through appreciation of food and wine. Largely an affluent phenomenon, the increase in the number of BYOBs after the mid-1990s reveals the ways in which Philadelphia and its restaurant community adapted to changing economic patterns and consumer tastes.


The ECHO Doppler of the uterine artery is used to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes such as. preeclampsia and in the fetal SGA. Objectives. Evaluation of the impact of ECHO Doppler uterine parameters in the first trimester, with the fetal SGA / IUGR. Materials and method. The study is a prospective study conducted at the Special Gynecology Hospital "Mother Teresa", Skopje, and the Clinical-Biochemical Laboratory, Institute of Immunology at the University Clinical Center Skopje R, North Macedonia, and February 2018-September 2019. 698 pregnant women were included in the study. Outcomes. Out of all controlled patients in the period February 2019-June 2010, a total of 698 pregnant women were studied. Increase in ECHO Doppler of uterine arteries. Discussion. Assessment of placental development during pregnancy is one of the most important predictors of fetal development and pre-eclampsia. In modern acupuncture protocols, new diagnostic methods are of particular importance. Conclusion. In our study, ECHO Doppler of uterine arteries resulted in: sensitivity 50%, specificity 50%, PPV 50%, NPV 50%. P = 0.5 R = 0.5. Confirming high reliability of ECHO Doppler uterine arteries in early detection of preeclampsia and its impact on the newborn with SGA / IUGR, further research is needed in relation to these two pregnancy predictors. Recommendations. ECHO Doppler uterine methods have their own difficulties due to the high cost of, and the realization of ECHO Doppler benefits are great and practical. Opportunities for further study are opened, because a new database has been formed in this area of obstetrics from clinically validated and diagnosed patients.


This study attempts to discuss the profile of brave learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) validity and reliability of instrument; (2) interesting learning for students; (3) implementation of learning; (3) strengths and weaknesses of learning; and (4) application that matches the learning profile and the condition of the existing internet network. The participant of this study were students and lecturers supporting courses in the Building Engineering Education study program. Data collection uses quantitative and qualitative methods. The questionnaire was given by online to 67 students and 6 lecturers. The result of this research shows that (1) questionnaire instruments have been tested as valid and reliable; (2) online learning is not all interesting; (3) online learning has been implemented, but some lecturers have problems when making corrections, the condition of the internet network in some regions is not smooth enough to be an obstacle for students to access applications; (4) using of the application adjusts the online learning profile and the condition of the internet network in the area. The conclusion reveals that applications of online learning must be easily accessible, used, interesting, and needs to be combined with several applications to provide the perfection of delivery and acceptance of material in teaching and learning activities.


Abstract The role of NH3 for vertical alignment of CNTs was investigated. The direct cause of the alignment was a dense distribution of catalytic metal particles, but which was kept catalytically active during the growth process by NH3. This allows a dense nucleation of the CNTs, and consequently, assists vertical alignment through entanglement and mechanical leaning among the tubes. The CNTs grow in a base growth mode. Several evidences were presented including a direct cross‐sectional TEM observation. Since Ni is consumed both by suicide reaction and by capture in the growing tube, the growth stops when Ni is completely depleted. This occurs faster for smaller particles, and thus a longer growth results in thin bottom with poor adhesion.


AIM
To investigate the collaborative networks among expert clinical nurse and midwifery researchers in eastern and southern Africa.

METHODS
Thirty-eight clinical nurse and midwifery researchers completed an online survey to analyse collaboration between respondents. Data were analysed using social network analysis, generating a network map and associated measurements.

RESULTS
Regional collaboration was poor. Those links that did exist centred on geographic proximity and participation in regional and international organizations.

CONCLUSION
These results help us to understand better ways to strengthen and support nursing and midwifery clinical research in eastern and southern Africa.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY
Clinical nursing and midwifery research capacity building efforts should focus on supporting collaboration networks among individuals and institutions in the region.


With the level of science and technology being improved rapidly in a short time,Korea has become a great powerful country on the application of international technology patent.There are a lot for China to learn and use,such as the strategy,policy and measure of patent,the patent application structure of taking enterprises as main sources,the breakthrough of tip science and technology fields and the tactic of patent application,the way of mould the image of international patent information centre,the action of pushing on domestic technology under international standards and recommending its experts on technology and science to enter the international science and technology institutions and patent ones,and the experience of investing a great fund in developing the scientists who gain Nobel Prize and reserve talent on patent technology.


Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase which main exist in nucleus,with the main function of maintaining telomeres,so it contributes to cellular immortality.It has been demonstrated that telomerase activity would be altered upon oxidative stress and excepted from nucleolus to mitochondria as well as telomere shortening.The telomere-independent functions of translocation of telomerase to mitochondria have been related to improved mitochondrial function,decreased oxidative stress and resistaned cell apoptosis.


A new electrode was synthesized by pressing MnO2 and graphite,detected by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Electrocatalytic mechanism of the electrode was studied by electrochemical work system such as cyclic voltammetry,linear sweep voltammetry and time power method.Electrocatalytic characteristics of electro-Fenton-like system in neutral pH(7.0) was studied by degrading organic dye Rhodamine B(RhB) and 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP).It was found that 100% degradation of 1.0×10-5 mol/L RhB was achieved in 120 min with applied voltage of 6 V and supporting electrolyte of 10 g/L NaSO4.The deep degradation process of RhB was studied by UV-visible spectrum(UV-vis),IR and total organic carbon(TOC).The findings showed that RhB and 2,4-DCP were degraded effectively with the mineralization ratio of RhB 67.6% at 4 h and DCP 84.9% at 7 h respectively.Meanwhile horseradish peroxidase(POD)and benzoic acid fluorescence analysis method were used to detect the concentration of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)and hydrogen radicals(.OH).The experiment results indicated that electrocatalysis degradation of organic matters referred to.OH radical mechanism.


This article legally analyzes the environmental joint tort obligation and points out its characters and constructing elements, especially elaborates the realistic mechanism of the environmental joint tort civil liability, aiming to fully protecting the environmental victim.


Microstructural evolution of commercially pure titanium(CP-Ti) produced by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) at room temperature was analyzed with optical microscope and transmitted electron microscope.The experimental results show that the microstructural evolution is divided into three stages according to different evolution mechanisms.The first regime is the dislocation sliding and twinning mechanism when the true strains are e ≤1.27.It is proven that the grain size was fined from ~23μm to ~0.35μm and shear bands within high density dislocation and twins were formed.The second regime is the dynamic recovery mechanism when the true strains are 1.27e2.54.In this procedure typical subgrain structures with the average grain size ~0.25μm were formed.The third regime is non-equilibrium subgrain boundary rotating mechanism when the true strains are e≥2.54.After ECAP for 8 passes at room temperate,a homogeneous array of grains with equiaxed high angle boundaries was produced and the average grain size was measured as ~0.2μm.


The introduction begins with a discussion of the nature of jazz composition, advancing the view that improvisations can sometimes become compositions. The concept of an authoritative recording is discussed, that is, that a recording with sufficient properties may instantiate a composition in lieu of an officially notated version. The book's method of listing and categorizing Parker compositions then follows. For the latter, Parker's compositions are divided into seven groups, which proceed from fully composed 32-bar pieces to those works with minimal music. This final group also includes improvised pieces. The introduction ends by citing significant prior studies and explaining the book's analytical approaches.


The wireless sensor network is composed of a plurality of sensor nodes (Sensor Nodes). Sensor nodes arecomposed of sensing, processing, storage and communicating modules, and the use of hardware and softwareresources is extremely limited. Especially, energy capacity is very small, and energy consumption during datatransfer is high. Therefore, related studies for efficiently processing Spatio-temporal Query in environmentsmatching the characteristics of these sensor nodes are actively performed


Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia is an ectopic cardiac rhythm consisting of a rapid succession of ventricular extrasystoles. Although graphic records in paroxysmal rapid heart action had been made some time earlier 1 and Mackenzie 2 had pointed out that the underlying mechanism in such disturbances is not always the same, Lewis 3 first differentiated supraventricular tachycardia from tachycardia of ventricular origin by means of electrocardiograms. He was able to produce ventricular tachycardia in experimental animals by coronary ligation. 4 This arrhythmia has subsequently been induced experimentally by a variety of procedures. 5 Numerous cases of ventricular tachycardia have been reported in the literature, but many do not meet the criteria which seem necessary for this diagnosis. In 1930, Strauss 6 found 65 acceptable cases, while in 1934 Lundy and McLellan 7 considered that only 96 out of a total of 152 cases fulfilled the diagnostic requirements. Robinson and Herrmann 8 pointed


Chemical warfare agents are still a real threat in the surrounding world. They canbe used in armed conflicts and as an alternative to conventional weapons for terrorist groups. The greatchallenge of today's world is ammunition and barrels filled with deadly poisonous chemicals that aresunk or buried in many regions. The effects of time and environmental conditions have caused thesesubstances to increasingly leak into the areas used by humans, contaminating groundwater, soil, andaquatic organisms. Consequently, drinking water and food products of plant and animal origin arecontaminated. In the face of a threat, an essential element in protecting life and health is the fast detectionof contamination and its reliable identification. This paper gives an overview of the threats caused bychemical warfare agents and residues from the processes of their environmental degradation. It alsoallows us to get acquainted with the latest achievements in detecting and identifying contaminationwhen we know the equipment intended for the needs of the armed forces and stationary chemicallaboratories. The knowledge presented here and the selected data will enable our selection of appropriateequipment for the assigned tasks for members of contamination reconnaissance teams. The proceduresfor handling samples potentially containing chemical warfare agents or their degradation products areessential knowledge for members of military sampling teams. They can also support specialist staffemployed in field and stationary laboratories. The information gathered here will improve the safetyof working with samples contaminated with toxic substances at every stage. Increasing awareness ofthe scale of the threat as well as proper actions and a quick response to the existing contamination dueto the use of the latest technologies will enable us to make well-considered decisions and significantlyimprove the population's safety.Keywords: chemical sciences, chemical weapons, detection and analysis of chemical warfare agents,CBRN


A provisional observer for low level photometry is given by means of tables which show the relative spectral luminosity at luminance levels from the scotopic to the photopic regions. Derived tables show the spectral distribution of light from several Planckian or near Planckian sources, a Planckian radiator at 2360°K being used to define the illuminance scale.Data are shown which indicate that a restricted additivity law, as herein defined, may be used at low luminance levels in evaluating stimuli of mixed spectral composition.The I.C.I. standard photopic luminosity curve has been used as the terminal or photopic data in the formulation of this observer. However, data which have been accumulated in the 24 years since this luminosity function was adopted indicate that the blue-violet spectral region should be revised. The technique of low level photometry is discussed briefly.


Meat is very important ingredients in the human diet, so it is a source of easily digestible, biological and energy valuable components. Therefore, this paper investigate the influence of temperature in the temperature range from 51°C to 100°C and different methods of thermal processing, thermal treatment by cooking and roasting, to change the color and sensory characteristics of pork meat. As parameters to change the color on the surface of the treated samples, were measured L* a* and b* value in CIE L*a*b* system. Sensory properties were evaluated juiciness, tenderness, amount of connective tissue and aroma. This research showed that thermal treatment of roasting has a more intense effect on the change of parameters L* a* and b*, while cooking thermal treatment more intensive affects the change of sensory qualities


This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Ha1 Harvard Forest EMS Tower (HFR1). Site Description - The Harvard Forest tower is on land owned by Harvard University. The site is designated as an LTER site. Most of the surrounding area was cleared for agrigulture during European settlement in 1600-1700. The site has been regrowing since before 1900 (based on tree ring chronologies) and is now predominantly red oak and red maple, with patches of mature hemlock stand and individual white pine. Overstory trees were uprooted by hurricane in 1938. Climate measurements have been made at Harvard Forest since 1964.


This course is designed to introduce the beginning student in Psychology to basic theoretical principles and how they are applied. Psychodynamic, Behavioral, and Humanistic perspectives of Personality Theory will comprise the theoretical basis of the course. Other areas of instruction will include Psychological Disorders, Methods of Behavior Change and the many aspects of psychological coping and adjustment.


This paper reports on a fast implementation of the three-dimensional nonadaptive Parallel Multipole Method (PMM) on the Connection Machine system model CM–2. The data interactions within the decomposition tree are modeled by a hierarchy of three-dimensional grids forming a pyramid in which parent nodes have degree eight. The base of the pyramid is embedded in the Connection Machine as a three-dimensional grid. The standard grid embedding feature is used. For 10 or more particles per processor the communication time is insignificant. The evaluation of the potential field for a system with 128k particles takes 5 seconds, and a system of a million particles about 3 minutes. The maximum number of particles that can be represented in 2G bytes of primary storage is $ \sim 50$ million. The execution rate of this implementation of the PMM is at about 1.7 Gflops/sec for a particle-processor-ratio of 10 or greater. A further speed improvement is possible by an improved use of the memory hierarchy associated with ea...


Another successful ASCLS Legislative Symposium was held March 17 and 18, 2003, co-sponsored by CLMA. The Hill visits were done in collaboration with the Clinical Laboratory Coalition (CLC), which held a 'fly-in' on March 18. The CLC is a group of professional associations that lobbies together on legislation of interest to the laboratory community, especially issues of reimbursement for laboratory services. Over 85 participants representing 38 states attended educational sessions on Monday, March 17. These were intended to familiarize attendees with the issues which would be part of the lobbying efforts, to provide background education on other bills that they might be asked about at Congressional and Senate offices, and to educate them on how to lobby effectively. As is typically the case, about half of the participants were attending the Legislative Symposium for the first time. Attendees ranged in experience from four clinical laboratory science (CLS) students to a handful of members who have attended every year for the 15 years of this event. The program also included a presentation by Judy Yost, Director of the CLIA program for the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), who presented a summary of the CLIA regulatory changes that were published in the January 24, 2003 Federal Register. (See Washington Beat column in the Spring 2003 issue of Clinical Laboratory Science.) On Tuesday, March 18, participants made visits to the offices of their Senators and Congresspersons, including the member of Congress from the district where they live, as well as others…


Objective: To improve the rational proportion of government-individual health expenditure. Methods: Based on the data from more than 100 WHO member countries,regression method was used to analyse the relationship between economic growth and health expenditure,as well as the ratio between the government and individuals on health expenditure. Results: Income elasticity of demand of total health expenditure and government health expenditure per capital are both more than one,compared to that of personal health expenditure per capital is less than one around the world. From 2000 to 2010,the total health expenditure per capita in China and actual government expenditure per capita on health were lower than the predictive data. Conclusion: The growth rate of government health expenditure and personal health expenditure per capita are supposed to reach at about 10. 2% and 7% respectively during the "12th five-year plan".


This book contains an edited comprehensive collection of reprints on the subject of the large N limit as applied to a wide spectrum of problems in quantum field theory and statistical mechanics. The topics include (1) Spin Systems; (2) Large N Limit of Gauge Theories; (3) Two-Dimensional QCD; (4) Exact Results on Planar Perturbation Series and the Nature of the 1/N Series; (5) Schwinger-Dyson Equations Approach; (6) QCD Phenomenological Lagrangians and the Large N Limit; (7) Other Approaches to Large N: Eguchi-Kawai Model, Collective Fields and Numerical Methods; (8) Matrix Models; (9) Two-Dimensional Gravity and String Theory.


A new distance mapping technique is introduced: weighted distance mapping (WDM). It is based on an adapted version of Fast Exact Euclidean Distance (FEED) transforms. It computes, after assigning a metric, a probability space for partly categorized or clustered data. This is visualized by gradual intensity changes as illustrated by the categorization of a color space based on clustered data points. In addition, edge detection of boundaries between categories can be done to find exact borders of clusters or categories. Hence, Voronoi diagrams can be created. The proposed WDMs, with or without exact edges, provide a new rich source for data analysis as well as an intuitive method of describing structure in data.


We prove that the number of directions determined by a set of p points in AG(2, p), p prime, cannot be between (p+3)/2 and (p?1)/2+13p. This is equivalent to saying that besides the projective triangle, every blocking set of Redei type in PG(2, p) has size at least 3(p?1)/2+13p.


Enhanced information extraction from hyperspectral imagery is usually achieved by applying the individual spectral matching approaches like Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Spectral Correlation Mapper (SCM) and Jeffries-Matusita distance (JM) independently. However, there is a tendency to overestimate the strength of match by SCM, leading to false predictions. A hybrid algorithm is presented by combining stochastic measure (Jeffries-Matusita distance) and Spectral Correlation Mapper, which suppresses such an overestimation. The proposed algorithm is used to map the mangroves ecosystem in the Pichavaram and Muthupet ecosystems of southern India, where the complexity of the ecosystems poses a challenge to species level mapping. The algorithm is used to match the unknown target (in EO-1 Hyperion image) with the reference spectra of the spectral library, compiled from the image. Reference spectra for Pichavaram are of Avicennia, Rhizopora, paddy, groundnut, mudflat, sand, clear water and shallow water. For Muthupet, they are for Avicennia, Prosopis, plantation, marsh, mudflat, sand, clear water and shallow water. The matching algorithm and supervised approach are used to classify the image. The performance of JM-SCM is compared with JM-SAM, JM, SCM and SAM using the Relative Spectral Discriminatory Probability (RSDPB) and Relative Spectral Discriminatory Entropy (RSDE) measures. It is inferred that the JM-SCM algorithm results in higher accuracy compared to its individual components. False alarms were seen for SCM since it overestimated the area of groundnut in Pichavaram and Prosopis in Muthupet. The JM-SCM suppressed these alarms, leading to improved results. Compared to JM-SAM, JM-SCM discriminated clear and shallow waters better. SMI (Spectral Matching Index), a parameter that indicates the relationship between false alarms and detection rate, and hence the performance of JM-SCM measures, is introduced by the authors. SCM identifies the linear relationship and detects the spectral shape between the two vectors, while JM computes the band-wise spectral information between the two vectors. The superiority of JM-SCM and accurate mapping of mangroves is attributed to the simultaneous utilization of spectral and spatial information.


[Objective] The research aimed to study the nutrient value of mushroom bran by using corn cob as fermentation medium.[Method] The achieve rate and the nutrition composition of the mushroom bran were analyzed by using corn cob as fermentation medium in the experiment.[Result] The results showed that mushroom bran were higher in composition of crude protein(CP) and nitrogen-free extract(NFE) than straw,and was lower in composition of crude fiber(CF).The achieve rate of mushroom bran was decreased with the increment of harvesting degree.The nutrition constituent was the best after the third harvesting degree.[Conclusion] All kinds of normal nutrition constituents of mushroom bran by using corn cob as fermentation medium were full,and some constituents were better than straw.So it could be used as livestock feed.The study provided theoretical basis for reasonable use of mushroom bran feed.


With the great progress in processing speed and capacity of exchange and routing technology,OPS(optical packet switch) technology also achieves significant development in certain fields.OPS,with its large capacity,transparent data rate and format,configurability and high bandwidth utilization,could provide various services and meet the requirement of the customer.This is very important for supporting different types of data.This paper focuses on the time-domain wavelength interleaved network of optical packet switch network,tells of in detail its basic framework,principal implementation technologies,including its protection and maintenance.


Learners' learning style preference is one of the vital issues in the EFL (English as a Foreign Language) arena. Different learners learn English differently. But there must be a close proximity between the teachers'preferred teaching style and the learners' favored learning style. The present study was done on 145 senior cadets of Sylhet Cadet College. The situation of English in cadets is no doubt good. But there are still some teaching systems that must be reconsidered and therefore renovated teaching styles based on cadets' style preference should be introduced. To conduct the survey a questionnaire was followed. The findings show that various cadets belong to various categories of learning style. A brief analysis of the findings is presented. Besides, this paper offers some suggestions for the teachers based on the findings of the survey.


Abstract The intent of this article is to further explore and review the concept of countertransference, in its various, most commonly accepted meanings in the psychoanalytic literature. Major clinical and theoretical developments in this concept began in the 1950s, and have found centrality and coherence in Bion's theory of containment. A basic issue in the discussion on countertransference is whether, and up to what point, analysts should allow themselves to be modified by the impact of their patients' projections. Freud, Klein, Rosenfeld, and Bion all underline the importance of an impartial, balanced, and unstressed quality of the analyst's receptivity with regard to the patient's mental state, as well as the transformative complexity implicit in "trying to know." In fact, the disturbance that is sparked in the analyst by his interaction with the patient is now considered unavoidable and has increasingly emerged as a specific topic of study. The author uses clinical illustrations from her work with children and adults, as well as observations from everyday life experiences, to exemplify the way countertransference interacts with the ability to observe empathetically, often hindering and distorting it, but also potentially enriching its depth and breadth.


The present invention provides a method and a system based on input / output signal is determined and restart the computer downtime. Or the input signal via the output signal of the computer controlled observation, to determine whether the managed machine downtime and the controlled computer down to an analog input device to restart the controlled machine and enter parameters to continue the original operations.


This paper presents a performance analysis of phase quantizers in noncoherent digital correlation detectors for weak signals in additive narrow-band non-Gaussian noise. It will be shown that under certain regularity conditions the effects of quantization and correlation can be strictly separated. The result of an optimization is the uniform phase quantizer which confirms intuitive expectations.


A 12-year-old neutered male German shepherd dog was evaluated after dying suddenly at home. A few hours prior to the unexpected death the dog displayed anorexia and lethargy. Post-mortem examination and histopathology led to a diagnosis of marked hemoabdomen and hypovolemia due to a single ruptured splenic hemangiosarcoma.


High density interconnect (HDI) sockets for CPU, GPU etc. is trending to larger form factor as the interconnect counts approach the realm of 10,000. One of the key bottleneck in HDI socket development is the ability of flow and warpage simulation techniques to reduce the design cycle time. The focus of this project is to explore novel simulation techniques to speed up the flow prediction part of simulation and reduce physical experiments needed to improve time to market (TTM) cycle of HDI sockets. The main challenge in HDI socket simulation is: (1) complexity of fibre-filled liquid crystal polymer (LCP) material properties and (2) complex but repetitive pin holes in the core pin region of the HDI socket. This takes up ~90% of the simulation time and slows down the design cycle. In this project, focus was put in to simplify the repetitive pin hole structure. The pin hole arrays are represented by equivalent flow resistant model and produce similar flow patterns in shorter time. In order to achieve this, three (3) LCP materials grades with known properties were provided by project partner Celanese. Test vehicle (TV) of HDI sockets were then build by socket fabrication partners using the LCP material provided. Room temp (RT) warpage of the socket were measured, together with short-shot samples collected for simulation flow and warpage prediction validation. The repetitive pin hole arrays of the HDI sockets are represented by equivalent flow resistant model. The predicted flow patterns from simulation are in good agreement with short-shot samples. The warpage shape and magnitude predictions are also in good agreement for 2 out of 3 material grades. It was later found out that the odd material that has different warpage has a different matrix (resin) LCP property. Solving time improvement ranging between 3.6x and 35x times were demonstrated in the proof of concept. The project outcome allows faster flow and warpage simulation for HDI socket design and development. The utilization of numerical predictions will be greatly increased, reduced material cost used for design prototyping and injection mold chase tape outs. Simulation software partners from the project will develop further on the demo beta versions for eventual product releases.


The article deals with the main features of the management of an international organization in the virtual space. In the course of the study on the basis of the analysis of various sources concluded the main causes and factors that contributed to the emergence of the phenomenon of virtual or- ganization. The key factors that determine the speed and direction of development vector are economic and technical factors. The study concluded that they can be both locomotives for the development of the phenomenon and deter development for various reasons. The author con-ducted a comparative analysis of the properties of a virtual company and a traditional company, which allowed to identify a number of advantages, based on current trends. At the same time, the aspect of the volatility of virtual organizations, as one of the most significant negative phenomena, will be touched upon. The author considers a number of problematic issues, in particular, recruit-ment, excessive economic dependence on partners, etc.,


As a result of the development and spread of cheaper and more user-friendly computer technology and software (e.g., portable computers, Microsoft Word etc), the use of the Internet has increased dramatically.Nigeria's Internet penetration, student-computer ratio, bandwidth size and unreliable electricity supply constitute banes to the appropriate use of ICTs for teaching and learning in Nigeria. With the development of data communication infrastructure, users of mobile phones and tablet computers are able to access the internet anywhere in the world where there is mobile phone coverage or a Wi-Fi access point. This capability can make mobile phones ideal tools to not only deliver mobile-learning contents, but to ask students to interact with their teachers and peers.Contemporary University Education is information and communication technology driven and its objective is to educate its students using ICTs and teaching techniques that would enable its graduates become flexible learners that can easily adapt to the changing socio-cultural, technological and economic environment of the information society.The introduction of Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) and the consequent high use of mobile phones across the country and in university campuses in particular have given rise to reliable alternative for Internet connectivity, online knowledge sharing and technology rationalization. The research design adopted for this study is a randomised control group pretest-posttest quasi experimental design. Population of the study includes all undergraduate Biology students admitted by Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and UsmanDanfodio University, Sokoto in 2014/15 academic session into Federal College of Education, Zaria (F.C.E.Z.) study campus.All the students admitted to study BSc (Ed) Biology from ABUZ (22) served as the experimental group i.e. taught some Biology concepts with internet ready mobile phones, while students from UDUS (23) served as the control groupi.e. taught with didactic lecture method. T-test comparison of Post-test of both groups at P ≤ 0.05 indicates a significant difference. The result shows that the use of internet ready mobile phones to teach enhanced academic achievement of students. Recommendation includes that the huge surge in mobile telephone use and ownership by students should be harnessed by teachers in Biology classrooms as a resource to improve teaching and learning.


An adhesive composition comprising an adhesive component and an enzyme inhibiting component, characterized in that the enzyme inhibitor component is one or more inhibitors derived from potatoes; and the adhesive component is a hydrocolloid adhesive including a rubber matrix and one or more fillers.


The aim of this paper is rather modest: I want to provide an account of some of the most recent developments in epistemology, characterized by a certa


For complicated nonlinear and nonstationary time series prediction,the precision will be decreased if a faster processing speed is reached in online SVR.A new time series prediction method is proposed.Local SVR is firstly adopted to make prediction of the time series.Then the forecast residual with the real data stream is calculated.Finally,the residual is estimated with online SVR algorithm to compensate the predicted value with the local SVR.Experimental results showed that the proposed method outperformed the Online SVR.


ACTH releasing activities of epinephrine, acetylcholine, Pitressin, synthetic lysine vasopressin and Pitocin injected into the carotid artery of rat were studied.Pitressin and synthetic lysine vasopressin possessed the strongest potencies.The dose threshold of Pitressin to induce an appreciable ACTH release fell between 40 and 80mU per rat.Pitressin incubated with a kidney homogenate lost its ACTH releasing activity.The rise in blood ACTH level following an intracarotid injection of 5ug. epinephrine was not altered when 40mU of Pitressin was administered simultaneously.The authors are indebted to Prof. VINCENT DUVIGNEALD for the synthetic lysine vasopressin employed in this experiment. This study was supported by U. S. P. H. S. grant A-256.


We report the formation of ZnO structures with a bimodal distribution of aspect ratios in a one-batch reaction. In this synthesis, low aspect ratio (∼10) ZnO microrods were formed in the bulk solution, whereas high aspect ratio (∼1000) ZnO nanostructures formed on a ZnO thin film-coated substrate immersed in the bulk solution. The two types of structures were easily separated because the high aspect ratio ZnO nanostructures remained immobilized on the substrate. The distinct aspect ratios suggested that two types of ZnO structures formed by different growth mechanisms in the one-batch reaction. A systematic investigation led to the proposal of a formation mechanism. In the early stages of the reaction, Zn(OH)2 formed and was converted to ZnO in the bulk solution. The ZnO grew to form low aspect ratio ZnO mircorods via layer-by-layer growth. As the reaction proceeded, precursors were consumed, which decreased the degree of supersaturation. The high aspect ratio 1D ZnO nanostructures grew from defects in th...


We have calculated the lowest order relativistic corrections for the X 1Σ, B1Σ, a3Σ, b3Σ, I1Πg, C1Πu, i3Πg, c3Πu, J1Δg, and j3Δg states of the hydrogen molecule using variational Monte Carlo methods and compact, explicitly correlated trial wavefunctions. Our values are in good agreement with earlier calculations on the X1Σ and B1Σ states. For the other states, our work provides the first estimate of these properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011


In recent years, the sources localization has noticed an increase in research conducted on the problem of mixed far-field sources (FFSs) and near-field sources (NFSs). The main assumption of the existing researches is that the signals should be uncorrelated. Therefore, they cannot be used for multipath environments. The present paper provides a method called components separation algorithm (CSA) for the localization of multiple mixed FFSs and NFSs, including uncorrelated, lowly correlated and coherent signals. Firstly, by constructing one special cumulant matrix, and using a MUSIC-based technique, the noncoherent DOA vector (NDOAV) is extracted. By constructing another special cumulant matrix, and with respect to NDOAV, an estimate of the range, as well as a signal classification is obtained for noncoherent sources. Then, by estimating their kurtosis, the noncoherent component and consequently the coherent one of the second cumulant matrix is obtained. Finally, by introducing a novel approach based on squaring, projection, spatial smoothing, array interpolation transform and coherent component restoring, the parameters of coherent signals in each coherent group are estimated separately. The CSA prevents severe loss of the aperture. Furthermore, it does not require any pairing. The simulation results validate its satisfactory performance in terms of estimation accuracy, resolution, computational complexity, reasonable classification, and also its robustness against lowly correlated sources.


Africa are still the most influential means of mass communication'. In contrast with the African regulatory scene, in Australia the concern is more with how our communications policies can best underwrite the promotion of a broadcasting system which although already structurally diverse, still contains trends which tend to white-ant a potential plurality of media voices. Flew's paper has separate chapters on how the mode of financing works to structure the categories of programming on commercial free-to-air television; subscription services; the national broadcasting sector; and the community sector. In relation to the subscription or pay sector Flew argues that superficially there appears more program diversity (including information and entertainment sources) in a subscription environment than in a free-toair television one, yet he makes the important point that this is fairly problematic because the actual television production practices, say in a CNN..type news channel, may well be actually quite like the free-to-air species. Another important qualification is that even though new outlets may be offering an interesting breadth of programming alternatives, it is hardly dlversiry if it remains inaccessible to those unable to afford them. (At the time of writing there was speculation that Optus Vision was considering offering their service at a heavily discounted connection fee, undercutting the already discounted Galaxy connection fee of $99.) I found the pay TV chapter particularly interesting. In it Flew analyses some relevant international comparisons and explores how the ownership of pay was enshrined in the legislation to set up cross-media and foreign ownership limits. He also considers delivery technologies, demand characteristics and financing arrangements. Flew speculates that the increasing penetration of pay TV and possible expanding diversity may emerge at the expense of the free-to-air networks. Obviously this would not be a desirable public policy outcome. I agree that it is also conceivable that diversity in subscription programming, including indigenous product, could be marginal in the early years of their operation simply because of the


Combined partial deficiency of 17α‐hydroxylase and 21‐hydroxylase activities was first described in 1985; however the genes for P450c17 and P450c21 in these patients lack mutations. In 1986 we postulated that this disorder might be due to mutations in P450 oxidoreductase (POR), the flavoprotein that donates electron to these and all other microsomal P450 enzymes, but this hypothesis was not tested until the POR gene sequence became available through the genome database. We found five POR missense mutations in our first four patients. In vitro assays of the activities of these mutations showed that the standard assay of POR activity, reduction of cytochrome c, correlated poorly with the patients' phenotypes, but that assays of POR‐supported 17α‐hydroxylase and 17,20 lyase activities correlated well. POR deficiency is a new disorder of adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis that affects all microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes, hence may have important implications for genetic differences in drug metabolism.


The growing need for efficiency and effectiveness in production systems management has increased the importance of processes and activities related to Production Planning and Control (PPC). Several authors point out that the more dynamic, competitive market, with higher demands from consumers and the increasing insertion of technology to support decision making, make the need for robust management processes imperative. In line with this scenario, the present work aims to present the report of a process of implementation, use and the consequences of a production pointing system. To achieve the proposed objective, a literature review was conducted on the topics of interest and a case study in a company that manufactures hospital medical products in the interior of Sao Paulo state. As main results, it was observed that the adoption and evolution of a production pointing system generated significant gains for the company's Production Control and increased maturity in terms of Production Management, but required significant efforts and investments to maintain and evolve the production deploying process.


Gruel feeding remitted in rapid recovery of foot and mouth disease (FMD) affected dairy cows. The gruel was prepared by cooking equal proportion of whole rice, wheat flour and finger millet flour in adequate quantity of water, jaggery (10%) and mineral mixture. Four organized dairy cattle farms, affected with FMD were selected, where animals at first and second dairy farms were fed gruel @ 2 kg/day for 20 days, at the third dairy farm 2 kg/ day/animal for 10 days and in the fourth farm no gruel was given. Wounds were sprayed with 1% KMnO4 solution and then applied with paste of honey (50%, v/v) and finger millet flour. Topical application of honey- finger millet flour paste, remitted in observation of pain relief in cows having tongue lesions and healing of the tongue/mouth wounds in 3 days thereby enabling the cows to resume eating. The per cent drop in milk yield in FMD affected cows in the first, second, third and fourth dairy farms was 85, 67, 45 and 81 respectively, regain by 80– 100 % in the treatment group after 16 to 20 days post infection, while in untreated animals, only 50% milk yield could be achieved at day 30–35 post infection. Therefore, gruel being low cost, locally available and easy to apply at farm level for rapid relief to the affected cows and faster improvement in daily milk yield helps in improving economic status of small, marginal farmers or livestock holders.


The use of toxins and pathogens in warfare is generally regarded as a phenomenon of the twentieth century. This is primarily due to the fact that the past century not only saw significant advancement in the ability to isolate and culture disease-causing microorganisms, but also largescale warfare, which allowed for the application of these advancements. Indeed, biological warfare has certainly made tremendous strides due to modern scientific innovation. However, the use of biological weapons is not a recent development, but rather a tactic with roots in many past centuries of warfare. Although it is unknown when the first episode of biological warfare in history took place, it may very well have been Hercules, the heroic demigod of Greek mythology, who "invented" the first biological weapon. After slaying the multi-headed serpent Hydra, Hercules cut open her body, and dipped his arrows in her venom. Throughout the rest of his life, these arrows served as a potent weapon for Hercules against a number of other mythological foes. Aside from the experiences of Hercules, numerous other examples of biological weapons can be found in Ancient Greek literature. According to myth, the god Apollo shot plague-inflicting arrows that decimated entire armies, while Odysseus, the hero of Homer's The Odyssey, sailed to Ephyra to obtain a poisonous flower which would serve as "a fatal drug to dip his arrows in and poison the bronze points."


This paper reviews the current state of the housing market, particularly in the shadow of the foreclosure crisis, the collapse of the financial system, and persistent unemployment. The authors outline the policy priorities necessary to facilitate the recovery of the housing market in general and to encourage comprehensive revitalization of the hardest hit communities.


The Education Office has developed several educational institutions by forming education which also teaches about religion. In order for the madrasah organization to be more productive, the leadership position of the madrasah head is very decisive. The madrasa head plays an important role in encouraging the growth and development of the institution. The purpose of the researchers to conduct research at the Weak Kembar Sumberasih Probolinggo Madrasah Aliyah is to find out whether the ideas put forward in the previous section are in accordance with the facts on the ground. Aliyah is a weak twin Sumberasih Probolinggo. This research uses a qualitative method, and the type of research is problem research. The procedures used in collecting information are monitoring (observation), selection (documentation), and question and answer (interviews). From the research we have carried out, the efforts of school principals to improve student learning achievement by providing motivation while providing special time for students by studying in the online learning library and giving homework using Android as a learning medium.


HE PRESENT study was carried out to investigate the effect of ..... adding different concentrations of bee honey (BH) and / or royal jelly (RJ) on the viability of yoghurt starter culture (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) and monitoring the quality of yoghurt during storage at 5 ± 1°C. The study included two parts; the first part concerned the influence of adding different concentrations of each of BH and RJ on the viability of starter cultures (in vitro), incubation time and overall acceptability of the resultant yoghurt. Based on the preliminary results, the second part tested the effect of best added concentrations of both BH and / or RJ on certain chemical, rheological, microbiological and organoleptic properties of the resultant yoghurt, compared with the control. Significant differences (P≤0.05) in the viability of starter cultures, incubation time and overall acceptability were observed by adding different concentrations of BH or RJ, compared with the control. The increase in incubation time and the decrease in viability of yoghurt starter were proportional to the concentrations of BH and RJ. Moreover, BH and RJ improved significantly the viability of starter culture and acceptability of yoghurt till 4% and 0.6%, respectively. The variations in the mean values of ash, total solids and total nitrogen content of yoghurt samples were found to be significant (P≤ 0.05) during storage. However, there was insignificant difference between treatments in the fat content, while there was significant decrease in pH, total reducing sugars and diacetyl content during storage. As expected, the addition of BH and / or RJ increased the mineral content in the resultant yoghurt, compared to the control. Yoghurt samples contained 0.6% RJ had the lowest count of yeasts and moulds compared to the other treatments. Rheological properties of the resultant yoghurt were significantly affected by incorporation of RJ with or without BH. Generally, samples made with adding 4 % BH + 0.2 % RJ, for sweetened yoghurt, or 0.6 % RJ, resulted in the best quality of yoghurt during storage at 5 ± 1°C for 9 days.


Purpose / Theory: To argue that the "productivity nut" means cracking FM thinking rather than external measurements. FM is not sexed-up building services engineering – it should return to its roots and consider how it impacts on particular businesses. "Nut" has an old European meaning of "profit" and FM's challenge is to recapture that sense. The FM "nut" is the advantage, or profit, a facility generates: the High German "nutzen". "Nut" is also colloquial English for "head". The process offered requires "doing in the current FM nut", i.e. finding new language and measures to express results.
Design/methodology/approach: The argument is illustrated by reference to an ongoing action research project that challenges the conventional guidelines applied to the management of academic workspace in the UK.

Findings: It illustrates the "cost of cheap"; the downside of the search for building efficiency rather than business productivity.

Originality/value: In a sense the case is not original in that it exemplifies what has been called for many times already. It does however demonstrate the startling combination of business benefits, cost saving and carbon reduction achievable when a workspace / place is approached from a business rather than a building perspective.


QoS plays a key role in evaluating a service or a service composition plan across clouds and data centers. Currently, the energy cost of a service's execution is not covered by the QoS framework, and a service's price is often fixed during its execution. However, energy consumption has a great contribution in determining the price of a cloud service. As a result, it is not reasonable if the price of a cloud service is calculated with a fixed energy consumption value, if part of a service's energy consumption could be saved during its execution. Taking advantage of the dynamic energy-aware optimal technique, a QoS enhanced method for service computing is proposed, in this paper, through virtual machine (VM) scheduling. Technically, two typical QoS metrics, i.e., the price and the execution time are taken into consideration in our method. Moreover, our method consists of two dynamic optimal phases. The first optimal phase aims at dynamically benefiting a user with discount price by transparently migrating his or her task execution from a VM located at a server with high energy consumption to a low one. The second optimal phase aims at shortening task's execution time, through transparently migrating a task execution from a VM to another one located at a server with higher performance. Experimental evaluation upon large scale service computing across clouds demonstrates the validity of our method.


Technology to provide security policy for the device data is described. In practice, data for the device is stored in encrypted form. To prevent the encrypted data is decrypted by an unauthorized entity, technique, when an attempt to obtain unauthorized access to the device data is detected, the decoding key is closed make it possible. In practice, the decoding key, in various ways, for example, to delete the decryption key, overwriting the encryption key in the memory, to encrypt the encryption key, such as by, it may be closed. Embodiment allows the closed decryption key is recovered through a recovery experience. For example, recovery experience may include an authentication procedure for requesting recovery password. If the correct recovery password is provided, it may be given closed decryption key.


Electron microscopic studies were performed on seven cases of human pulmonary carcinoma, which were histologically bronchogenic carcinoma. These cases were classified into epidermoid and non-epidermoid carcinoma by electron microscopy, and tumor cells of each case were divided into two types, Type A and B. Type A was a relatively undifferentiated cell and type B, a more differentiated cell from submicroscopic features. It is assumed, therefore, that these undifferentiated cells may have the power to differentiate into both epidermoid and non-epidermoid carcinoma. On the other hand, none of carcinoma cells of these cases had specific intracytoplasmic osmiophilic inclusion, which is found in normal alveolar epithelial cell.


The marital status of university graduates in the Federal Republic of Germany is analyzed by sex and age. It is noted that a greater proportion of women who remain unmarried are university graduates and that female university graduates are also more likely than the rest of the female population to marry men with equivalent or higher degrees. Data are from the 1987 census. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE) (ANNOTATION)


and series and a final chapter on probability and statistics. The volume ends with an Appendix on parabolas, ellipses and hyperbolas, arguably interesting and desirable topics, but, in the context of a modern single subject A level course when time is at a premium to cover the syllabus, one wonders why this is introduced here, as it is covered rather superficially and is not sufficient for a traditional course. However, a few questions on the circle would probably be beneficial. The separate volume, called Book T, containing just Chapter 8, deals with the introduction of vectors and mechanics. It is published separately so that it can be included at any time in either the firstor second-year course. It is in its own right a very good introduction to vector work and could be used independently of the other two volumes. The second volume deals with further calculus, complex numbers, a long chapter on vectors and mechanics, another chapter on probability and statistics dealing with probability distributions, significance and correlation, a chapter on matrices and a final chapter on algebraic structures. Every teacher has his own ideas on the order in which topics should be introduced and a case can be made for a different order of chapters in these volumes, but each chapter is in general self-contained and the arrangement makes for a good deal of flexibility in its use. There are sets of exercises throughout the book after the introduction of each topic. Most of these are adequate for their purpose, but as many pupils doing the single subject course tend to be less able mathematicians, there does appear to be a lack of many basic repetitive easy examples which help to familiarise these pupils with each topic. This is especially noticeable in the introductory chapters on calculus and trigonometry. Each chapter also has a set of miscellaneous problems of a more challenging nature at the end, many drawn from Advanced level papers. The chapters on vectors and mechanics need some augmentation if they are to be adequate for an A level course favouring mechanics rather than statistics. The binomial theorem is covered rather sparingly, and with partial fractions introduced as "an interlude" in the further calculus chapter, there is very little use made of the expansions when partial fractions are used. Another major omission is the lack of an index; this I feel is a valuable part of any book as it helps immensely as a form of quick and easy reference, especially for students doing revision. Overall this is a very good set of books which should fulfil a very real need for a good textbook on the single subject course, with the added advantage of the complete course being covered in two books and a pamphlet.


Present state and action of several BF material injection processes are introduced.It is indicated that every material,which may be fed into BF through the furnace roof in the form of lump,can be injected into BF at tuyere as powder,which is taken for an adjustable means required to achieve high quality,high yield, low consumption and long life. Combined injection method mainly based on pulverized coal injection should be taken as the developing trend of BF injection in consideration of the environmental protection and the secondary resource utilization. It is suggested that the combined injection and combustible waste material injection into BF, such as waste plastics and tyre, should be researched further.


Objective To observe the effect of heparin sodium cream(HEPUDIOD) combined with corticosteroid cream in treating exfoliative cheilitis.Method The heparin sodium cream combined with corticosteroid cream was applied topically in the treatment group.Either of them was applied topically in the control group.Result The effect of heparin sodium cream combined with corticosteroid cream was better than either of them in treating exfoliative cheilitis.Conclusion The effect is satisfying with heparin sodium cream combined with corticosteroid cream in treating exfoliative cheilitis.


An isothermal evaporation method was employed to study the solubilities of the aqueous quaternary system Li+, Na+//CO32–, SO42––H2O at 273.15 K, and the corresponding densities of the equilibrated solution were determined by the specific gravity bottle method. According to the experimental data, the metastable phase diagram, the water content diagram, and the density versus composition diagram were constructed. Results indicate that the quaternary system is of a complex type due to the two double salts Na3Li(SO4)2·6H2O and 2Na2SO4·Na2CO3 formed. There are four invariant points, six crystallization fields corresponding to four single salts (Li2CO3, Li2SO4·H2O, Na2SO4·10H2O, and Na2CO3·10H2O) and two double salts (Na3Li(SO4)2·6H2O and 2Na2SO4·Na2CO3) in this metastable phase diagram. The comparison was made between the metastable phase diagrams at 273.15 K and at 288.15 K and also between the metastable phase diagram at 273.15 K and stable phase diagrams at (298.15, 323.15, and 373.15) K. Results show that ...


This collection is a product of work stimulated by Demyan Belayev's Intra-European Marie Curie Fellowship in collaboration with Lusofona University Department of Geography Head, Zoltan Roca, a Portuguese speaker from Croatia. A second collection on Croatia was published in 2011. The affiliated research centre is TERCUD, the department's Territory, Culture and Development Research Centre. Although originating from a geography/planning department, not all authors are spatial specialists. Accordingly, the bibliography ranges across many Anglophone works such as David Landes' (1998) Wealth & Poverty of Nations to Clifford Geertz's (1993) The Interpretation of Cultures and Robert Putnam's Bowling Alone. It is quite a "cultural" perspective on knowledge society issues also involving lengthy treatments of skills formation and migration— inwards and outwards. Most references are by Portuguese but many are published in English. For scholars and students pursuing teaching and research interests on contemporary issues in Portugal, this is a valuable collection. Naturally, in enquiring about the nature and extent of Portugal's engagement with "knowledge society", it is not comprehensive. But, in passing, it is also usefully focused on a recent EU-wide policy obsession also emanating from a "Lisbon Agenda", namely whether Europe in general is so engaged. The first section of the book contains three chapters addressing whether or not Portugal is a knowledge-based economy. Amaral concludes, interestingly, that membership of the euro-zone hinders growth in general, including in the knowledge sectors. Reducing public expenditure to raise "competitiveness" merely exacerbates this and diverting welfare expenditure to more "productive" investment would create "enormous social shock" because so many are dependent on public employment. Such a shock has so far been avoided, unlike the situation prevailing in Greece. A "regionalization" of Portuguese sovereignty by the EU is culturally unthinkable. Thus, harsh austerity prevails socioeconomically instead. Chorinas focuses on the contribution to a knowledge economy of "innovation clusters". These are also part of the neo-liberal Harvard–Washington "consensus" to raise productivity by specialization in areas of "competitive advantage". Ironically, nearly all of Portugal's selected "technology poles" are either in low valueadded sectors or have little competitive advantage, which illustrates the banality of the cluster perspective in this context. Ferreira's chapter is about measures taken by government to further the knowledge economy by turning an "information society" (able to absorb) into a "knowledge society" (able to create). It is remarkable that many of the initiatives designed to achieve this date from only as recently as 2009. European Planning Studies Vol. 20, No. 4, April 2012


It may perhaps seem unnecessary to add still further to the already numerous descriptions existing of different devices for serial radiography of the digestive tract, especially of the duodenum; Technical radiological literature of the last ten years has, as is well known. abounded in such more or less complicated descriptions of various »seria l frames», that it might almost be said that every radiologist with a special interest in the duodenum has by now deviced his own »duodcna I Ira nu-». That nevertheless I am going to submit a brief description h.-r« of t ho last model of my duodenal frame, now more than J2 years old. is due to the fact that I have received several enquiries from abroad. pnrticularly from American colleagues, as to its construction and use, and 1)('1'11 asked repeatedly to give a brief account of it. The serial frame> which is generally constructed for films IH :2--1em. in size is made entirely of metal. Its object is to onnble one. aftN adjusting the picture by screening, to take four consecutive erect pictmes on one and the same film. The serial frame (Fig. I) consists of a rectangular lead screen, about 2 mm. thick, mounted in a metal frame provided with ledges. In the centre of the screen there is a rectangular window, the size of which is just one quarter of the size of the film (0 12 em. for a film 18x24 em.). The size of the frame is so proportioned that when one corner of the film casette is resting in one of the four corners of the frame, the diagonally opposite quarter of the film will occupy a position just in front of the window, ready for exposure. Between the exposures the film casette is displaced along the ledges of the metal frame; at each of the four corners of the frame an exposure is made. The four pictures on each film will all be erect, two upper and two lower.


This paper outlines the author's process of reconciling contradictions between the subject matter of her research and the PhD research process and outcomes. It describes a journey which draws on Lawrence-Lightfoot's methodology of portraiture (Lawrence-Lightfoot & Hoffmann Davis 1997) and the work of Jacques Rancière in considering the ethical relationship between the research outcomes and the public, including the people who were interviewed for the research and the community involved in the subject matter. The paper also explores the author's subsequent com-mitment to public pedagogical outcomes through seeking to: Prioritise the community most con-nected to the subject matter and the public as the primary recipients of the research outcomes, create greater respect and acknowledgement for the community members who contributed to the research, create more equitable access and broaden dialogues by using public space to publish research findings..


In the light of recent innovations in the field of photovoltaics, a novel concept of non-planar smart photovoltaic skin is being studied. This smart PV skin consists of individual PV cells that are grouped in into clusters called pixels in response to environmental changes through the use of miniature switches embedded within the PV skin. This paper proposes a design concept for a shape memory alloy actuated switch suitable for such application. Analysis and prototyping of the proposed design concept are also discussed as part of this work.


This paper uses 47 indexes to assess the sustainable development of resources-based cities,and applies AHP to analyze the sustainable development in Pingdingshan city,and presents approaches to the major issues.It is found that the economic development is in a moderate sustainable development.The frail ecological environment induced by environmental pollution has largely limited the sustainable development in Pingdingshan city.In order to reach the sustainable development in Pingdingshan city,efforts shall be focusing on optimizing industrial structure,accelerating the third industry,gradually reducing use of non-renewable resources,developing renewable economy and intensive industry,planning and optimizing resources allocation,increasing payable capacity in society and economy,and combining development with environmental protection.


DOI: 10.4328/ACAM.6159 Received: 11.01.2019 Accepted: 12.02.2019 Published Online: 19.02.2019 Printed: 01.03.2020 Ann Clin Anal Med 2020;11(2):99-103 Corresponding Author: Nureddin Yuzkat, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Dursun Odabaş Medical Center, Zeve Kampus, 65080, Tuşba, Van, Turkey. GSM: +905052294728 F.: +904322168352 E-Mail: email@example.com ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-8218-1217 Abstract Aim: Women experience physical and psychological changes as a result of their menstrual cycle. This study aimed to investigate whether the menstrual cycle had any effect on the preoperative anxiety experienced by women who were scheduled to have an operation. Material and Method: One hundred female patients who were scheduled to undergo a septorhinoplasty, and who met the inclusion criteria, were enrolled in the present study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the phase of their menstrual cycle: Group F (follicular phase) and Group L (luteal phase). The patients' anxiety level was measured preoperatively using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale. The patients' heart rate and blood pressure measurements were performed preoperatively as well as at 1 min, 5 min, and 10 min after intubation. Results: The preoperative anxiety scores of the patients in the luteal phase (41.14) were statistically significantly higher than those of the patients in the follicular phase (36.04). The blood pressure, heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation values were found to be similar between the two groups. Discussion: We believe that preoperative anxiety is higher during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle than during the follicular phase, but the hemodynamic data were similar in both phases.


The purpose of this article is both to analyse the different types of unfair inequality existing within the Italian higher education system, on th e base of various statistical sources, and, as far as possible, to assess whether these have changed or not in the last few years following the recent instructional reform (DM 509/1999 ). The first to be examined are inequalities associated to gender, which appear to have been reversed in many aspects, that is to play in favor of women, today. Then, the analysis move on to inequalities associated to stude nts' previous scholastic career , whose effects on academic success in part merely mediate the impact of students' social origin. Taking into account this dimension of inequality, two distinct stratifications of faculties or disciplinary areas are defined here. Finally, social inequality of opportunity is directly dealt with and the persistent importance of st udents' social origin in academic success is confirmed, also in the light of an international comparison . This kind of inequality could get wider in the future because of an increasing heterogeneity of the freshmen's population, even if such a tendency is not occurred as far, probably thanks to an adaptation process outlined in this article. The first indications drawn from the implementation of the recent reform, with regard to the issue of equity in university, are not linear and homogeneous, reflecting a situation of transition which has still marked characteristics of contingency.


The recently discovered double pulsar system PSR J0737−3039 will provide fascinating insights into pulsar emission physics. One extraordinary phenomenon involves the orbital phase dependent intensity variations of the slow pulsar PSR J0737−3039B. These variations can be described using a simple geometric model based on a standard pulsar emission geometry together with the assumption that the intensity of PSR J0737−3039B increases substantially when it is illuminated by the emission beam from PSR J0737−3039A. In the context of this model, the observed properties of this system can constrain the spin axis and emission geometry of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0737−3039A. This model also predicts the future evolution of both the pulse profile of PSR J0737−3039A and the orbital light curve of PSR J0737−3039B thus enabling it to be tested by observations over the next few years.


To reveal the characteristics and influence factors of the migration of oxygen nonhydrocarbons in soil profiles,soil column leaching experiments were carried out,and the contents and composition of the oxygen nonhydrocarbons in both the natural soil and pollutant-added soil were analyzed.The results indicate that: after leaching,the oxygen nonhydrocarbons added in the topsoil(2 cm) are mainly enriched in the topsoil(0 ~ 5 cm),but lower than those prior to leaching.The contents of oxygen nonhydrocarbons are low in the deep soil( 10 cm),even lower than the contents in the natural soil.The content drop becomes more significant when the TOC is high.This indicates that during the soil column leaching experiments,oxygen nonhydrocarbons among different soil profiles can migrate downward,and the most important way of migration is water dissolution;in most cases,the contents of monomers decrease with the increase of soil depth in different soil columns after leaching,indicating the ability of migration.However,the amount of residue and composition of the monomers in topsoils are different,and the migration capabilities are also different,with cholesterol,β-sitosterol,n-hexadecane acid and dibutyl phthalate capable of migration deeper in the soil profiles.Both TOC of soil and volume of leaching water significantly influence the migration of the compounds in soil profiles.Under the same condition of leaching water,the enrichment degree of soil organic matter for these compounds increases with the increase of TOC.Under the same condition of TOC,the migration amount of oxygen nonhydrocarbons increase with the increase of leaching water amount,especially when the TOC is low.In addition,the migration of nonhydrocarbons in soil is related to soil textures and their contents in the natural soil.