In this perspective, we have shown three different cases of responsive polymers at surfaces where the properties of the surface can be varied in response to cues from the bulk solution or in the presence of an external field. The most important conclusion in all three cases is that the chemical reaction equilibrium, physical interactions and molecular organization are strongly coupled, and it is imperative to consider the global and local changes that occur to the surface structure and properties due to this coupling. In particular acid-base and redox equilibrium are very different in polymer-modified surfaces than in the corresponding bulk solutions. Moreover, the definition of ''apparent redox potentials'' and ''apparent pKa''results from the averaging over highly inhomogeneous values,and, therefore, they do not necessarily represent the state of the layer and the local values and their variation are very important for the design of functional surfaces. The very large variation on chemical equilibrium results from the optimization of all the interactions. The picture that emerges is that trying to deduce what the final state of the system is by looking at the individual optimization of each contribution leads to qualitative incorrect assumptions and only the minimization of the complete freemore » energy leads to the proper behavior in these complex systems.In the cases where domain formation is possible in grafted weak polyacid layers charge regulation may lead to regimes of coexistence between aggregates with relatively low fraction of charged polymer segments surrounded by highly stretched chains that have a relatively high fraction of charged groups.Therefore, one can control the state of charge, local electrostatic potential and local pH in all three dimensions with im-portant gradients on length scales of nanometers. For hydrophobic redox polymers we show how the application of an electrode potential can lead to changes in the structure and type of morphological aggregates that can form on the surface.Again, these structures result from the optimization of chemical redox equilibrium, conformational entropy, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, changes in domains structure can manifest themselves in the capacitance-potential curves and then provide a link between macroscopic measurements and the formation of nanoscopic domains. It is clear that chemical engineers are in a unique position to use these switchable surfaces in the molecular design of sensors, biosensors, separation devices, microfluidic devices with on-off environmental switches and drug delivery systems among many others. Finally, we want to stress that the application of molecular theories, where the coupling between chemical equilibrium, physical interactions and molecular organization are explicitly included provide with quantitative predictions of the layers properties, as compared with experimental observations, and enable the fundamental understanding of the observed behavior. Moreover, the theory provides with a detailed microscopic picture and should be used as an integral part in the design of functional and responsive surfaces. It is important to emphasize that the molecular approaches are not exact, and, therefore, there is a need to continue their development and the incorporation of improved approximations to further broaden their applicability.« less


Redox-based resistive switching memories are nowadays one of the most studied systems in both academia and industrial communities. These devices are scalable down to an almost atomic level and are supposed to be applicable not only for next-generation nonvolatile memories, but also for neuromorphic computing, alternative logic operations and selector devices. The main characteristic feature of these cells is their nano- to sub-nano dimension. This makes the control and especially prediction of their properties very challenging. One of the ways to achieve better understanding and to improve the control of these systems is to study and modify their interfaces. In this review, first the fundamentals will be discussed, as these are essential for understanding which factors control the nanoscale interface properties. Further, different types of interactions at the electrode/solid electrolyte interface reported for ECM- and VCM-type cells will be exemplarily shown. Finally, the strategies and different solutions used to modify the interfaces and overcome the existing problems on the way to more stable and reliable devices will be highlighted.


National Chiao Tung University is executing a large smart campus project sponsored by Ministry of Science and Technology. One of the goals is to utilize Internet of Things (IoT) technology to control electronic appliance and education devices. This talk describes a platform called IoTtalk for IOT device interaction. IoTtalk allows connection and meaningful interaction between physical IoT devices (such as a fan in a smart house). Moreover, the IoTtalk can easily accommodate cyber IoT devices such as a ball motion in animation. We show cyber and physical integration can be achieved through IoTtalk to implement Smart Campus. Specially, we show how one can use a mobile phone (physical device) to control a flower growing in animation (cyber debice) and a physical pendulum guide the swing of a cyber pendulum. Finally we show the deployment of smart electronic appliance system for a new dorm in NCTU.


After nearly three decades of discovery, many exoplanetary systems have been studied and characterized in detail with one important exception: exoplanet magnetism. Although many surveys sought to detect magnetospheric radio emissions from exoplanets to directly measure their magnetic field strengths, they have yet to reveal an unambiguous detection. However, the indirect detection of exoplanet magnetic fields by measuring their influence on their host stars via magnetic star–planet interactions has recently gained prominence as an alternative method of discovery. This third paper of the Radio Observations of Magnetized Exoplanets series presents the results of a targeted radio survey of eight nearby exoplanet-hosting systems that may engage in star–planet interactions. This survey, conducted with the Arecibo radio telescope at ∼5 GHz, has the greatest frequency coverage of any to date while providing millijansky-level sensitivity over <1 s integration times. No exoplanet-induced stellar radio bursts were detected. The orbital phase coverage of candidate systems for magnetic star–planet interactions is described, and the survey results are examined within the context of the plasma flow–obstacle paradigm and searches for star–planet interactions at other wavelengths.


The challenges of reducing global output of greenhouse gases and the need for resource efficiency require a step-change in the way we construct buildings. However, the construction industry has a reputation for being conservative and slow to change. This lecture will present a case study of innovation and describe an emergent framework for describing innovation in construction.


A method is presented to disassemble the character into several parts,which can be recognized by the computer topologically based on the high-frequency wavelet coefficients vector,disregarding the traditional extraction method using the statistical or structural feature based on the individual pixel in the 2-dim plane of character.Moreover,the concept of multi-dim cognizing feature is put forward by encoding the character,according to the location and run-length information.The information confusion and redundancy can be largely eliminated and the improvement of the preciseness,speediness and utilities is achieved when vehicle license plate is to be recognized.


It is a commonplace that all art tells more about the artist and the era in which he or she lives than about the subject or the period depicted. Nowhere is this more true than in popular entertainment forms. This article will examine images of the continent's indigenous peoples in the American musical, both stage and motion picture, from its inception to the present. In the process, it will examine both positive portrayals as well as the far more prevalent negative ones, reinforcing stereotypes acceptable to the dominant society. In discussing depiction of Natives in motion pictures. Vine Deloria, Jr. writes, "Underneath all the conflicting images of the Indian, one fundamental truth emerges: the white man knows that he is alien and he knows that North America is Indian and he will never let go of the Indian image because he thinks by some clever manipulation he can achieve an authenticity which can never be his."1 As a result, in the popular imagination, real Indians cannot be permitted to survive into the 20th Century. Their very existence serves as a painful reminder of the illegitimacy of white claims to the continent. Indians must therefore be stereotyped, relegated to a fabulous 19th Century, an extinct breed, This is necessary if the myth of the frontier is to survive. In the musical, this is reflected in a form of "ethnic cleansing," wherein Natives are either erased entirely from the landscape depicted or pushed to the periphery as stereotyped members of a vanishing race. In the collective American psyche, Euro-American pioneers conquered a vast, unsettled, primeval wilderness.2 They bent it to their plow and to their will. The reality, however, is starkly different. Instead. "European explorers and invaders discovered an inhabited land."3 Historian Francis Jennings puts it succinctly when he writes, "The American land was more like a widow than a virgin. Europeans did not find wilderness here; rather ... they made one ... The so-called settlement of America was a resettlement, a reoccupation of a land made waste by the diseases and demoralization introduced by the newcomers."4 Of course, Jennings fails to point out that a great many were simply slaughtered as well and that the land to which their mythology was intimately tied was stolen outright. Historian Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., an important analyst of the condition of 20th Century Natives, recapitulates two distinct stereotypes of American Indians in his book The White Man's Indian. Both of these were inextricably bound up with White self-evaluations, describing Indians negatively in terms of what they were not or what they lacked in terms of Euro-American society. First is what might be called the Noble Savage or, for Berkhofer, the "good Indian." These Indians lived in harmony with nature in a state of "liberty, simplicity, and innocence." They were beautiful in physique and modest and regal in bearing. Brave in combat, they were tender and loyal in family and friendship relationships.5 Juxtaposed with this image is that of the "bloodthirsty" or "bad Indian." Upon these Indians are heaped all the negative qualities of White society, many of them associated with sex. They are naked, lecherous, debauchers. They are lazy, deceitful, and treacherous.6 To Berkhofer's categories must be added a third, the stereotype of the ...real Indians cannot be permitted to survive into "half-breed." An extension of the "bad Indian" image, half-breeds have no the 20th Century. Their very existence serves as redeeming virtues. They are neither White nor Indian. As such they are dea painful reminder of the illegitimacy of white generate products of miscegenation, distrusted by both cultures and fitting claims to the continent. in nowhere.


A Comment on the Letter by Vadim M. Uritsky et al., [Phys Rev. Lett. 99, 025001 (2007)]. The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.


Xiao Yishan is a patriotic historian in China in the early modern times who has a very clear concept on the revolutionary history of China.In his historical study of the late Qing dynasty,he realized that the "the consciousness of the Chinese nation in the early modern times" was the efforts of the Chinese nation for saving the country and carrying foreword the fine tradition of Chinese culture when China faced the invasion of the Western powers.This research attached great importance to the theoretical and practical significance of "the consciousness of the Chinese nation in the early modern times",which found expression in the "New Reform Movement","Westernization Movement" and "The Revolution of 1911" led by Dr.Sun Yat-sen in the late Qing dynasty.Xiao Yishan analyzed the characteristics of the Chinese nation,and advocated "national consciousness" for improving and reviving China,which helped enhance the national spirit of the Chinese people during the Anti-Japanese War.


This article provides an analysis of data on the hygienic evaluation of natural, medical and industrial sources of ionizing radiation in the Voronezh region.


As the acceptance and promotion of A Doll's House in the May 4th Movement were of utilitarianism and timeliness,which virtually led to its misreading mainly reflected in: the misunderstanding of the play creation intention,the simplification and misreading of Nora's image,as well as misreading of Ibsen's personal image,and the neglect of his literary achievements.This paper is to discuss about this phenomenon in detail.


Fuel-related measures and modernization of small-scale combustion units has become the focus of attention in the renewable heat generation sector, as a means to promote local biomass utilization and fuel-flexibility while meeting strict environmental legislative requirements. With the aim to mitigate total particulate matter emissions and ash-associated problems characteristic of crop residue combustion, (1) corn cob pellets (with and without kaolin and binder) as well as (2) fuel blends with wood pellets were combusted in a pellet oven under full load. Results show that additivation or fuel blending (e.g., 50 wt. % wood and 50 wt. % corn cob pellets) reduce total particulate and CO-emissions by 48 to 60 wt. % and 64 to 89 wt. %, respectively, in comparison to baseline emissions from non-additivized corn cob pellets. Kaolin prevented sintering of corn cob ash. However, considerable grate ash entrainment was observed. TPM consists of a "primary network"—polyhedral and spherical particles approximately 1 μm in diameter (mainly KCl), and a "secondary network" built on top of the primary network, consisting of square-prism-shaped particles of approximately 200 nm in diameter. KCl and K2SO4 are main compounds in particles from corn cob and wood pellet combustion, respectively. Effective measures demonstrated within this study should be complemented with low-cost coarse ash removal systems.


Research on the cross-functionality - new product performance relationship reports contradictory results. The meta-analysis highlights some theoretical and methodological moderating variables. If the identification by Troy, Hirunyawipada, and Paswan (2008) of theoretical moderators that affect this relationship seems comprehensive, it is not for methodological factors. We assess the moderating effect of 24 moderators, 16 of which are methodological, which could impact the relationship between cross-functional integration and new product performance.


FIELD STUDIES WERE MADE AT SEVERAL HIGH-VOLUME SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS IN THE CHICAGO AREA TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT DESIGNS OF ROADSIDE AND OVERHEAD TRAFFIC SIGNS FOR CONTROLLING MULTIPLE TURNS (DOUBLE-LEFT TURNS OR DOUBLE-RIGHT TURNS). THE COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT ROADSIDE DOUBLE-TURN SIGNS WAS ALSO STUDIED IN THE LABORATORY BY MEASURING RESPONSE TIMES AND ACCURACY OF RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS ASKED OF GROUPS OF SUBJECTS CONCERNING THEIR INTERPRETATIONS OF TEST SIGNS, WHEN SHOWN IN RELATION TO SIMULATED DRIVING SITUATIONS. SLIDES WERE USED TO DISPLAY THE DRIVING SITUATIONS AND THE TEST SIGNS. IT WAS FOUND THAT EFFECTIVENESS OF MULTI-TURN CONTROLS COULD BE EVALUATED IN THE FIELD BY STUDYING CHANGES IN THE USE OF THE SECOND, OR OPTIONAL, LANE FOR TURNS, COUPLED WITH OBSERVATIONS OF VIOLATIONS OF LANE-USE CONTROLS. IN THE LABORATORY THE QUESTIONS ON ACCURACY OF RESPONSE APPEARED TO PROVIDE THE MOST USEFUL INFORMATION FOR EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF DOUBLE-TURN CONTROL SIGNS. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT THE REGULATORY LANE-USE CONTROL SIGNS IN THE 1961 EDITION OF MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES SHOULD BE SATISFACTORY FOR CONTROL OF MULTIPLE TURNS, UNTIL REFINEMENTS ARE DEVELOPED FROM FURTHER RESEARCH. /HRB/


Over 100 developing nations have investment promotion offices or agencies, reflecting a sense of competition to attract foreign direct investment, most of which flows to a few favorite countries. The investment promotion function is often underfunded and haphazard. This article outlines policy choices for investment promotion and discusses alternative modes of organizing this crucial activity. It proposes a novel bounty / royalty scheme whereby investment can be attracted.


Staff nurses who have been in practice for several years lack the knowledge and skills to implement or sometimes to appreciate practice based on the latest evidence. Evidence: A recent initiative of Texas Christian University's (TCU) Harris College of nursing and Health Sciences Center for Evidence-Based Practice and Research (CEBPR) has been a collaborative among North Texas universities and health care agencies. Collaborative members report that the majority of staff nurses are not familiar with evidence informing practice. This is evident when nurse researchers work with staff nurses to implement change based on recent evidence. Strategy: An Evidence-Based Practice Fellowship for direct care nurses has been implemented. Objectives include: • Empowering fellows with EBP tools, skills and experiences. • Preparing clinical nurses to serve as leaders in their institutions. Thirty-four nurses have enrolled and expressed interest in EPB as a methodology to improve care delivery. The employing facility supports the Fellows by paying the Fellowship tuition, providing paid time off, and assigning mentors in the Fellows' institution who provide support and encouragement.


This paper presents a 3D-printed hemispherical lens incorporated with a square patch microstrip antenna for liquid-mixture characterization. The proposed hemispherical lens antenna is designed, fabricated, and integrated with the microstrip patch planar antenna. An Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is selected to design the 3D-printed lens antenna by using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method, due to available 3D-printed material in the laboratory. The optimum dimensions and shape of the hemispherical lens antenna are obtained by using the 3D EM Simulation CST Studio, which is used to investigate the characteristic of the antenna, e.g., gain, radiation pattern, and reflection coefficient. To characterize the liquid content in NaCl solution, the level of the transmission coefficient (S21) is detected. The proposed sensor system offers various preferable features, e.g., non-destructive method and non-contact measurement. Five liquid solutions under test (LUT), e.g., 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% NaCl in the NaCl-aqueous solutions, are measured and performed to generate the extraction model. The proposed sensor also offers other advantages, e.g., real-time monitoring and no life-cycle limitation.


Lacquerware is a general term for an Utensil made of a woven bamboo substrueture or a wooden substrueture coated with lacquer derived from the tree of the family Anacardiaceae. Lacquerware was probably first made in China. An early technique of making lacquerware was to apply lacquer directly on the substrueture. The technique was gradually developed with multi-layer lacquer coatings and the usc of fabric to reinforce and strengthen the substrueture. The surface decoration on lacquerware was later embcllished by using colored lacquer. gold and silver Ornament or mothcr-of-pearl inlay (fig. I). Gradually the technique used by the Chinese to produce lacquerware spread to other countrics in East and Southeast Asia. The manufacturing of lacquerware in most of the countrics of Southeast Asia, including Burma. Vietnam, and Thailand is well cstablished at the present time. but the origins of the produetion process are quitc obscure. There is no reliable evidence on how and when lacquerware was first made in Thailand. It is bclieved that the technique of making lacquerware was brought to Thailand by the tribe "Thai Kern'."" The 'Thai Kern ' originally lived in Chiang Tung in the southern part of China and later migrated to northern Thai land Chiang Mai. They made and used lacquerware as household Utensils and the Thai natives learnt how to produce lacquerware from them. This is the reason why we use the term "Krcung Kern ' for Thai lacquerware. Lacquerware became populär throughout this region. It declined in popularity after ceramics. aluminium wares and plastic warcs were introduced. The techniques of producing lacquerware was passed from generation to gencration. There was no record of the extraction process and the technique was gradually changed duc to the limited raw matcrials. the influences of new technologies and commercialization. The technique of producing lacquerware is still practised in Chiang Mai, but now it has lost its own traditional character. The objective of the present work is to investigatc the manufacturing techniques of ancient Thai lacquerware by intcrviewing craf tsmen in the lacquerware manufactories in Chiang Mai and the examination of a number of chosen pieecs of ancient lacquerware found in the province Chiang Mai by scientific methods using X-ray radiography and microscopic analysis.


How much of existing computer algebra libraries is amenable to automatic parallelization? This is a difficult topic, yet of practical importance in the era of commodity multicore machines. This paper reports on a quantitative study of reductions in the AXIOM-family computer algebra systems. The experiment builds on the introduction of assumptions in OpenAxiom. It identifies a variety of reductions that are candidate for implicit concurrent execution. An assumption is an axiomatic statement of an algebraic property. We hope that this study will encourage wider adoption of axioms, not just for the purpose of expression simplification and provably correct libraries, but also to enable derivation of implicit concurrency in a scalable fashion.


In the article we study the history of peasant resettlement in Western Kazakhstan in the 19th and early 20th centuries including the issue of settlers' land management, tightening control over land in the areas of agricultural colonization. Considerable attention is paid to implementation of the resettlement policy of tsarism and the relationship between the peasant settlers and local nomadic population.


A great deal of information about the social geography of Britain is contained within databases such as the census. To comprehend this information it needs to be effectively visualized. Conventional maps contain an unwanted distortion however, and have been rejected by many as an unsuitable means of showing spatial social structure. A more human cartography is developed here to show the events of people's lives and the shape of society. This thesis argues that a truer picture is obtained by being able to see the whole, in as much detail as possible, at a glance. A total of 179 high resolution prints show original techniques to study many aspects of life in Britain today. They include pictures of the distribution of age, sex, birthplace and occupation in 1981, changes in these from 1971, unemployment and house price dynamics throughout the 1980s, general election results from 1955 to 1987 (followed by all local election voting from 1987 to 1990), migration flows from one part of the country to another and daily commuting streams. These are of interest for the various methods of visualization used, their content, and the extremely high levels of detail achieved. Over ten thousand places are shown in most of the images produced. Much of the work involved the creation of computer generated cartograms where each areal unit (up to one hundred thousand to a page) is drawn in proportion to the number of people who live there. Colour and complex symbols are used to study several factors simultaneously and visually effective means of showing millions of flows and other changes over time are developed. A case study of the distribution of childhood leukaemia in space and time is also undertaken. Tables give the detailed results of the last ten general elections (with a basis for dealing with constituency boundary changes). The algorithm to create a detailed cartogram is presented and an index is included. ii


Performance data on the VShP-92 and NVSh-1000 centrifuges at various rotor speeds are presented to show that maximum efficiency can be attained at 500 rpm.


This study aimed to improve negotiation text reading skill so that students' learning achievement and reading skill of negotiation text in Indonesian language and literature can reach the minimum mastery standard . It used (1) observation, (2) questionnaire, and (3) test in collecting the data . It was qualitative research that applied descriptive statistics . This analysis was only an accumulation of basic data in the form of descriptions that did not seek or explain any mutual relationships, did not test any hypotheses, and did not make any predictions or conclusions .


In the last few years, saving of energy in the wireless sensor network (WSNs) world has been, and continue to be now an important challenge in the area of WSNs. In this paper, energy aspect has been investigated, with specific regard to routing, MAC and physical layer. We propose a novel joint routing, medium access control (MAC) and physical layer protocol for wireless sensor network (WSNs) based on basic novelty feature of IH-MAC [4]. This is referred to as a Joint Routing, MAC and Physical layer protocol (RMP). The concept ran by blending the classical layered approach and combining routing, MAC and physical layer functions, the proposed RMP protocol achieves a solution for energy efficiency in WSNs. Conventionally, the problem of energy efficient protocol design is considered independently at respective layer of protocol stack. This paper has taken a holistic approach of finding solution by addressing the possible energy gain in Routing, MAC and Physical layer together. Firstly, it is seen that communication path with the large number of short hop substantially minimizes energy consumption. This phenomenon is used while instantaneous network information is collected with minimum overhead through the control packets for selecting next hop. Based on the updated network knowledge the next hop neighbour is chosen with reduced control overhead. Besides, the RMP protocol uses the approach for finding the constrained shortest path for forwarding packets [1], which results in load balancing in WSNs. We compare the RMP with other two existing protocols by network simulator ns-2. The simulation outcome of RMP supports the theatrical idea, and confirm the efficiency of proposed RMP because the energy consumption is reduced through applying the theory within simulation application.


Strongly correlated systems of fermions have an interesting phase diagram arising from the Hubbard gap. Excitation across the gap leads to the formation of doubly occupied lattice sites (doublons) which offers interesting electronic and optical properties. Moreover, when the system is driven out of equilibrium interesting collective dynamics may arise that are related to the spatial propagation of doublons. Here, a novel mechanism that was recently proposed by the authors [Balzer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 267602 (2018)] is verified by exact diagonalization and nonequilibrium Green functions (NEGF) simulations – fermionic doublon creation by the impact of energetic ions. The formation of a nonequilibrium steady state with homogeneous doublon distribution is reported. The effect should be particularly important for correlated finite systems, such as graphene nanoribbons, and directly observable with fermionic atoms in optical lattices. It is demonstrated that doublon formation and propagation in correlated lattice systems can be accurately simulated with NEGF. In addition to two‐time results, single‐time results within the generalized Kadanoff–Baym ansatz (GKBA) with Hartree–Fock propagators (HF‐GKBA) is presented. Finally systematic improvements of the GKBA that use correlated propagators (correlated GKBA) and a correlated initial state are discussed.


Affinity chromatography with commercial AHSepharose 4 B and an inhibitor as the ligand was used to purify riboflavin synthase. AH-Sepharose 4 B was coupled with 6-carboxyethyl-7-hydroxy-8ribityllumazine (an inhibitor of the enzyme reaction). The enzyme showed a specific affinity with the gel and could be eluted with 5 mM 6, 7-dimethyl8-ribityl lumazine (the substrate) in 0.1 M K2HPO4. The enzyme was purified 100-fold by chromatography, when the crude extract from Eremothecium ashbyii was used as the enzyme source. The specific activity (14,600) of the purified enzyme indicates that the method can be used for purification of the enzyme. (Received February 5, 1988)


ACSME Proceedings| Students in transition – The learners' journey 65 THE IDEA EXPERIMENTS: ENABLING GENUINE INQUIRY AND DESIGN SKILLS IN THE UNDERGRADUATE CHEMISTRY LABORATORY Christopher D. Thompson, Mary-Rose Carroll, Florence Laibe Presenting Author: Chris Thompson (email@example.com) School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.


The Memory Complaints Inventory (MCI) is a self-report questionnaire developed as a symptom validity test to assess exaggerated memory complaints and to compliment performance validity tests in neuropsychological settings. The current study utilized archival MCI scores in dementia populations to determine the presence of, and difference between, memory complaint profiles in separate subgroups of neurocognitive impairment (Alzheimer's Dementia, Vascular Dementia, and Mild Cognitive Impairment) as well as a Pseudodementia group and a poor effort group. Results indicated significant differences between subgroups on three memory-related subscales of the MCI, including the overall scores, the imbedded Plausible scale and the imbedded Implausible scale. Post-hoc analyses revealed large differences between the dementia categories and the Poor Effort subgroup, providing further evidence for the use of the MCI as a symptom validity measure, given its ability to differentiate between poor effort and genuine neurological impairment. Further support of the study's findings would result in reliable genuine memory impairment profiles to provide further diagnostic and prognostic specificity in neuropsychological practice.


Italy-Georgia friendly relations begins from the first years of the new nation, which has gone beyond our travels and naturalists, and has acquired scientific, socio-economic literature.
Unique assistance from Italian scientists is special in the study of the Georgian coastal area, the recovery and health of the resort. Italy-Georgia's medical relations are now on a new stage, leading to rich climatic-balneological resources, scientific research and exploration, which has a great perspective and greatly contributes to the rapprochement of the two countries.


In 1874 The Physical Society faced a bill for publishing its Proceedings amounting to £36 0s 7d. In 1974, the centenary year, the turnover of the Institute's publishing business is budgeted to exceed £850000.


The aim of present research work is to hybrid the "MOORA and WASPAS" MCDM methods in the sustainable vendor's selection & evaluation decision. It also considers the feedback impact of the decision on strategic variables that determine the future viability of the case company in the competitive business environment. MCDM strategic decision framework is applied that considers simultaneously the influence of criteria and sub-criteria on the sustainable vendor evaluation decision. The developed framework is evaluated, and criteria weight is determined using the step-wise weight assessment ratio (SWARA) method. The MOORA & WASPAS consider the influence of criteria, sub-criteria and their interdependencies simultaneously in the system. The results of the model is the relative priorities ad ranking developed for the suppliers. The present research has been conducted in a battery manufacturing company of Punjab state of India. The influence of dimension of sustainability dimensions would be widespread due to the big market in which the case company operates. The outcome the present work can provide support to the managers who are decision makers in the industries. The framework present in the research arriving at an optimal sound decision considering all sustainability applicable dimensions. The novelty of the approach lies in the use of different MCDM model integrating the dimension of sustainability with a feedback effect for vendor selection. The industry would be benefited by showing its commitment toward social responsibility, environment management, and economic aspects leading to improved market image and profitable business with sustainability.


This paper proposes a method for fault diagnosability analysis of linear systems. The method is applied to satellite attitude determination systems and can improve the FDI( Fault Detection and Isolation)performance during the system design process. In order to solve the problems in quantifying fault diagnosability of satellite attitude determination systems based on K- L divergence,the principle of directional similarity are adopted to design a new approach to analyze quantitatively fault detectability and isolability. Finally,the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through a mathematical simulation.


The reaction of safrole (I) with bromine (II) was examined giving different results from the literature, i.e., 2, 3-dibromo-1-(3', 4'-methylenedioxyphenyl) propane (III), 1, 3-dibromo-2-(3', 4'-methylenedioxyphenyl) propane (V) and their bromo-substituted derivatives (IV and VI) were obtained. The formation of rearranged adducts (V and VI) suggests that Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement occured during this addition. The relationship between the reaction conditions and the ratio of the products was investigated.


Although Mn 2+ sorption has been investigated extensively in the laboratory, the role of Mn 2+ sorption in natural marine sediments remains speculative. Our objectives were to study (1) the role of Mn 2+ sorption in the redox cycling of Mn, (2) to quantify Mn cycling and (3) to identify its rate-determining factors at the Iberian margin. Profiles of pore water Mn 2+ , adsorbed Mn 2+ and solid phase Mn were measured together with benthic oxygen fluxes along three transects across the margin from the shelf to the deep sea as well as in the Nazere Canyon. In the profiles, peaks of adsorbed Mn 2 were observed in-between those of solid phase Mn and pore water Mn 2+ , We propose that upon Mn reduction, the produced Mn 2+ is adsorbed onto adjacent Mn oxide or oxyhydroxide surfaces. Available adsorption-sites diminish and/or saturate as Mn reduction continues, upon which Mn 2+ is released into the pore water. Mn redox chemistry is controlled by the organic carbon flux to the sediment. A simple steady state model was formulated that includes Mn 2+ sorption as a combination of an instantaneous reversible equilibrium process and a first-order kinetic reaction. Model derived, depth integrated rates of Mn reduction as well as Mn 2+ desorption and oxidation rates range between 1 and 35 pmoles m -2 d -1 . Mn cycling is most intense at moderate carbon fluxes. Moreover, Mn cycling is enhanced at higher deposition fluxes of Mn oxide in the canyon. Budgets based on the model indicate that adsorbed Mn 2+ is an important redox intermediate between Mn oxide and pore water Mn 2+ in the reduced sediment layer. Adsorption of Mn 2+ restrains the efflux of dissolved Mn 2+ into the water column, by lowering the pore water gradient at stations with a thin oxidation zone. There, adsorbed Mn 2+ enhances the retention of Mn 2+ in the sediment column.


The paper aims to introduce a sustainable solution in the field of lubrication science. A green nano additive, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is mixed with two biofriendly natural oils (avocado oil and hazelnut oil) and the tribological properties of the nanolubricants are evaluated on a four-ball tribotester. The nanoparticles are less than 100 nm in diameter and are added in varying concentrations of 0-1 wt.%. The tribological properties are evaluated as per ASTM D4172 and the stability of the nanoparticles is measured for a period of 24 hours using a double beam spectrophotometer. The UV spectroscopy results indicate the nanoparticles are stable after the sonication process and sediment very less after 24 hours. The antiwear properties of both natural oil improve with the increase in the concentration of h-BN nanoparticles. The maximum improvement in the wear properties is observed at 1 wt.% and is equal to 19.5% and 36.55% for avocado oil and hazelnut oil respectively. The improvement in the antiwear properties are ascribed to the different nanolubrication mechanisms: tribofilm formation, non-direct contact phenomenon, and entrapment of nanoparticles between wear agglomerates.


We have developed a new electrostatic analyzer which enables medium energy (≲200 keV∕q) plasma particle measurements with full solid angle coverage. The design of the test model realizes the uppermost measurement energy of ∼200 keV∕q with applied high voltages of ±5 kV. Laboratory experiments with the test model analyzer show that its performance agrees with numerical simulations. The test model design is well suited for combination with a mass analysis unit, while our new design can also be applied to medium energy electron measurements. Medium energy ion/electron sensors with this new design will surely be appreciated for upcoming space missions that will observe hot/energetic plasma structures in the regions such as the inner magnetosphere or reconnection region.


During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period (2021-2025), China will enter the era of mass tourism, and the development of tourism industry is still in an important strategic opportunity period, but there are new opportunities and challenges. The article analyses the development status of cultural tourism in China and the development trend of China's cultural tourism industry, and proposes countermeasures for the problems faced by China's cultural tourism industry during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period from the aspects of theme development, industry chain building, resource utilization and cultural creativity.


Microplastic litter is a pervasive pollutant present in marine systems across the globe. The legacy of microplastics pollution in the marine environment today may remain for years to come due to the persistence of these materials. Microplastics are emerging contaminants of potential concern and as yet there are few recognised approaches for monitoring. In 2008, the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC) included microplastics as an aspect to be measured. Here we outline the approach as discussed by the European Union expert group on marine litter, the technical Subgroup on Marine litter (TSG-ML), with a focus on the implementation of monitoring microplastics in seawater in European seas. It is concluded that harmonization and coherence is needed to achieve reliable monitoring.


The invention discloses nickel metal ceramal powder dedicated for continuous fiber laser cladding. The nickel metal ceramal powder comprises, by weight, 12-19% of aluminum oxide, 6-12% of lanthanum oxide, 12-16% of titanium dioxide, 3-7% of calcium fluoride, 2-6% of cerium oxide, and the balance nickel base. In the process of the continuous fiber laser cladding, the nickel metal ceramal powder can greatly improve the laser absorbing rate of a metal piece, can form a cladding layer which is provided with a compact internal tissue structure and is free of defects such as cracks, shrinkage cavities and bubbles on the surface of the metal piece, greatly prolongs the service life of the metal piece, and reduces production cost.


: With the diffusion of the internet, media and communication research witnessed the emergence of a new term, 'engagement'. Although, the term is widely used it is poorly defined and in need of explication. Through semantic network analysis, the analysis shows how traditions, as varied as audience research, political science, science communication, marketing studies and media psychology, have put the concept to use for very different purposes. Clusters in the network map demonstrate clear demarcations between traditions and perspectives on the ontology of engagement. Following from this mapping, the article evaluates the different perspectives and outlines key issues that scholars need to deal with to advance engagement as an analytical concept in media and communications research. In the end, the article argues that engagement should foreground the reflexive capacities of individuals rather than instrumental interactions or societal participation. In this way, the concept can retain its specificity and richness rather than turn into a colloquial term with vague and indistinct connotations.


Donald Ross is Coordinator of the Mathematics Laboratory at Washtenaw Community College. He has also been an instructor in mathematics at Oakland Community College and in public schools. Many institutions of higher learning have recognized the need to offer courses of instruction that normally are associated with the elementary, junior, or senior high school level. In the catalogs that describe these courses you will find a variety of course titles. Many are now using the word "developmental" in an apparent attempt to avoid the stigma that has come to be associated with the word "remedial." Of particular concern to me is the difference of opinion about, and use of, the phrases "remediation," "remedial instruction," "remedial student," "developmental instruction," and "developmental courses." Many educators do not see the need to distinguish between "remedial" and "developmental," and the two words are often used interchangeably. The purpose of this article is to attempt to point out that there exists a difference between the two, and that it is important to make the distinction. After a word or phrase has been used for a period of time, it may take on a derogatory connotation. This has definitely happened to "remedial." When used in regard to a student, it immediately brings to mind an image of the student as some kind of "dummy," or "slow learner," or "disadvantaged," or as someone with a learning disability. Sometimes, we try to change the adjective without accepting the situation, defining it, and determining what we want to do to effect a meaningful change. By changing the words or phrases we never effect any change in the situation itself. Some even propose that by ignoring the use of the words, in some glorious way the situation will possibly improve, or go away. My approach to this dilemma is different, and if you bear with me in the paragraphs that follow, I will attempt to give a meaning, as clearly as possible, to the two terms "remedial" and "developmental"


Since the subject of the enunciation registers in the language and that this one, as soon as social institution, can be index of property of the hablante to ...


Numerous studies have indicated that microgravity induces various changes in the cellular functions of neural stem cells (NSCs), and the use of microgravity to culture tissue engineered seed cells for the treatment of nervous system diseases has drawn increasing attention. The goal of this study was to verify the efficacy of collagen sponge-based 3-dimensional (3D) NSCs cultured in a rotary cell culture system (RCCS) in treating spinal cord injury (SCI). The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score, inclined plane test, and electrophysiology results all indicated that 3D cultured NSCs cultured in a RCCS had better therapeutic effects than those cultured in a traditional cell culture environment, suggesting that the microgravity provided by the RCCS could enhance the therapeutic effect of 3D cultured NSCs. Our study indicates the feasibility of combining the RCCS with collagen sponge-based 3D cell culture for producing tissue engineered seed cells for the treatment of SCI. This novel and effective method shows promise for application in cell-based therapy for SCI in the future.


The event driven algorithms presented in Chapters 3 and 4 require a significant amount of scheduling code. The amount of code executed can be reduced significantly by the compiled event-driven techniques presented in Chapter 3, but the total quantity of code explodes with the growing circuit size. The explosion in code size can cause several problems. For extremely large circuits, the code may grow to the point where it is impossible to run the program on any existing system. Even for modestly sized programs, there is a limit to the amount of code that can reside in the instruction cache of a computer. Suppose Algorithm A and Algorithm B execute the same sequence of instructions. Suppose further that Algorithm A fits entirely within the instruction cache, but Algorithm B is too large to fit in the cache. Algorithm A will normally exhibit much better performance than Algorithm B, because Algorithm A can be executed directly from the cache. The code generated by the threaded code technique is not particularly " cache-friendly. " Because each net and each gate has its own subroutine, code reuse during the simulation of a single input vector is minimal. In other words, the locality of reference is poor. In most cases, there will be too much code for the entire simulator to fit in the cache. Combined with the poor locality of reference, this virtually eliminates any beneficial effect of the cache. Before discussing methods for handling this problem, it is necessary to examine why such a large amount of code is necessary. xxx illustrates two gates and the code which is generated for each.


Dead wood is a key forest structural component for maintaining biodiversity and storing carbon. Despite its important role in a forest ecosystem, quantifying dead wood alongside standing trees has often neglected when investigating the feasibility of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in forest inventories. The objective of this study was therefore to develop an automatic method for detecting and characterizing downed dead wood.


ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to explore the value of 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) and 18F-FLT PET in monitoring the early biologic response of esophageal carcinoma after irradiation in vitro and in vivo. MethodsAfter 2, 4, and 8 h of irradiation at different doses (0, 5, 10, and 15 Gy) of esophageal carcinoma cells in vitro, the uptake ratio of 18F-FLT, the relative cell survival rate, and ATP levels were measured. The tumor uptake ratio of 18F-FLT [tumor-to-nontumor (T/NT)] was measured through PET scans before and on the first, seventh, and 15th day after irradiation. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 was determined in both untreated and treated tumors. ResultsCompared with the control group, the uptake ratio changes of 18F-FLT after 2 h of irradiation with 5 Gy showed no statistical significance (3.65±0.17 vs. 4.00±0.17%, P>0.05), whereas the uptake ratios of the other groups decreased notably (F=33.93, P<0.01). The differences in the relative survival rates were not statistically significant (F=4.02, P>0.05). Linear regression analysis indicated a significant correlation between 18F-FLT and ATP levels (r=0.89, P<0.01). On 18F-FLT PET scan images of the xenografts, the baseline uptake ratio (T/NT) was 2.24±0.06. It decreased to 1.99±0.09, 1.85±0.04, and 1.15±0.10 at 1, 7, and 15 days after irradiation with 10 Gy. Tumor uptake of 18F-FLT was closely correlated with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 expressions (r=0.83, P<0.001, and r=0.88, P<0.001). ConclusionThe uptake changes of 18F-FLT in esophageal carcinoma cells and tumor xenografts may reflect the early biological response of esophageal carcinoma after irradiation. Thus, 18F-FLT PET may be potentially used to monitor the early response of esophageal carcinoma after radiotherapy.


The INMARSAT system is comprised of three main components: satellites provided by the INMARSAT organization and in geostationary orbit 36,000 km above the equator; coast earth stations owned and operated by the signatory countries--who, by late 1989, had grown to 54 from their original 26; and ship earth stations owned or leased by system users. The system is a key element in the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). The operation of INMARSAT is explained, and developments that are underway or planned to enhance or expand operations and coverage are reviewed. These include additional satellites, enhanced group calling (EGC), and wider service to the aeronautical community and land mobile satellite services. A table shows what it would cost to equip an oceangoing ship to use the system in any one of three optional configurations with increasingly sophisticated transmission capabilities.


A dual stage seat valve head arrangement is described which consists of a primary sealing point located between a fixed orifice seat and a valve poppet, and a secondary sealing point between an orifice poppet and a valve poppet. Upstream of the valve orifice is a flexible, convoluted metal diaphragm attached to the orifice poppet. Downstream of the valve orifice, a finger spring exerts a force against the valve poppet, tending to keep the valve in a closed position. The series arrangement of a double seat and poppet is able to tolerate small particle contamination while minimizing chatter by controlling throttling or metering across the secondary seat, thus preserving the primary sealing surface.


Presents an approach to generating biometric hash values based on statistical features in online signature signals. Whilst the output of typical online signature verification systems are threshold-based true-false decisions, based on a comparison between test sample signals and sets of reference signals, our system responds to a signature input with a biometric hash vector, which is calculated based on an individual interval matrix. Especially for applications, which require key management strategies, hash values are of great interest, as keys can be derived directly from the hash value, whereas a verification decision can only grant or refuse access to a stored key. Further, our approach does not require storage of templates for reference signatures, thus increases the security of the system. In our prototype implementation, the generated biometric hash values are calculated on a pen-based PDA and used for key generation for a future secure data communication between a PDA and a server by encryption. First tests show that the system is actuality able to generate stable biometric hash values of the users and although the system was exposed to skilled forgeries, no test person was able to reproduce another subject's hash vector.


ABSTRACT
 Basal Ornithuromorpha, until recently, was one of the most poorly documented segments of early avian evolution. The known species diversity of the ornithuromorph clade has increased rapidly with the addition of new discoveries from the Early Cretaceous deposits of northeastern China. Reported in this paper is the discovery of a new bird from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Liaoning Province, China. The specimen represents a new species, Longicrusavis houi, but bears similarities to Hongshanornis longicresta from the same formation of Inner Mongolia. The two birds are comparable in size and share an unusual sigmoid mandible and elongate hindlimbs relative to their forelimbs. Together these taxa represent a clade (Hongshanornithidae, new taxon) of specialized 'shorebirds' whose elongate hindlimbs indicate ecological adaptations different from those of other Jehol ornithuromorphs. Phylogenetic relationships of Mesozoic birds are discussed based on the results of a comprehensive cladistic analysis. New morphological information on Ornithuromorpha is provided through the detailed description of the new taxon together with new information on Hongshanornis.


Purpose: To compare three digital radiographic imaging sensors by evaluating the visibility of endodontic file tips with interobserver reproducibility and assessing subjectively the clarity of images in comparison with the x-ray film images. Materials and Methods: Forty-five extracted sound premolars were used for this study. Fifteen plaster blocks were made with three premolars each and #8, 10, 15 K-flexofiles were inserted into the root canal of premolars. They were radiographically exposed using periapical x-ray films (Kodak Insight Dental film, Eastmann Kodak company, Rochester, USA), Digora imaging plates (Soredex-Orion Co., Helsinki, Finland), CDX 2000HQ sensors (Biomedisys Co., Seoul, Korea), and CDR sensors (Schick Inc., Long Island, USA). The visibility of endodontic files was evaluated with interobserver reproducibility, which was calculated as the standard deviations of X, Y coordinates of endodontic file tips measured on digital images by three oral and maxillofacial radiologists. The clarity of images was assessed subjectively using 3 grades, i.e. plus, equal, and minus in comparison with the conventional x-ray film images. Results: Interobserver reproducibility of endodontic file tips was the highest in CDR sensor (p


. By using the method of equivariant differential geometry, we construct a new family of noncompact complete hypersurfaces with constant positive scalar curvature in the Euclidean spaces. To do so we make a detailed analysis of the nonlinear ODE of the constant scalar curvature equation.


This paper focuses on the macroeconomic context of the wood construction and furniture sectors, showing their importance in the Portuguese national economy, the characteristics of the corresponding enterprises and workforce, as well as the main domestic and international market trends for the different phases of the productive cycle. This analysis is part of a more comprehensive study for the development of an economic flow model for the forest and wood chains, where the analysis is performed separately for the chains of the different end products (construction and furniture, wrapping and packaging, paper and paperboard). This study is complementary to the reflection made in the National Strategy for Forests, about forests and their productions, integrating the subsequent phases of industrial 60 Louro, G., et al. transformation up to the end products.


The Bayesian meta-analysis which has formed the basis for a risk-averse ABC recommendation in the 19961999 assessments was not performed for the present assessment. Similar to last year's approach, the ratio between the recommended FABC and F40% estimate given in the 1999 assessment (0.87) was assumed to be an appropriate factor by which to multiply the 2001 maximum permissible FABC to obtain a recommended 2001 FABC.


This paper presents a genetic algorithm based on dynamic programming for solving large-scale instance of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) to optimality. First, an improved dynamic programming algorithm is described to deal with large-scale data, and then it is used as crossover and mutation operator in the genetic algorithm. Simulation results show that this novel method with good stability can solve TSP with very-large-scale, effectively reduce the error rate, and improve the solution precision while keeping computational complexity relatively low.


Standard quad-rotors are the most common and versatile Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) thanks to their simple control and mechanics. However other configurations with distinct capabilities exist. We present a preliminary systematic study of an alternative configuration known as V-tail, which is still mechanically simple, with four fixed rotors, but whose back rotors are tilted by a known angle. Mathematical modelling and field experiments suggest that this configuration is able to achieve better performance in manoeuvring control, while losing some power only in the stationary hovering task. In addition, these increases in performance are obtained with the same attitude control of the standard quad-rotor, making this configuration very easy to setup.


Achievement of the purpose of implementing Higher Education is carried out by lecturers as the core implementing academic process. To support the goal process, the government is making various efforts to prosper educators. One of the government policies in the education sector is certification for educators. The state of certified lecturers at IAI Nusantara Batanghari began to increase in terms of performance compared to before being certified. The rationale and foundation of the implementation of certification activities for these lecturers have been regulated in accordance with the laws, regulations and decisions related to certification. As a lecturer who plays a very important role, ideally he has competencies that can be relied upon as educational staff; these competencies at least consist of personal competencies, professional competencies and social competencies. This research is a field research with a qualitative approach namely; research whose procedures produce descriptive data in the form of written or oral words from people and observed behavior. The quality of lecturer learning at IAI Nusantara Batanghari is based on four competencies, namely pedagogical competence, professional competence, social competence and personality competence.


The catalytic epoxidation of olefins by an iron(II) complex bearing a tetradentate bis(pyridyl‐N‐heterocyclic carbene) ligand was investigated. This is the first example of the use of an organometallic iron compound (i.e., with a FeC bond) as an olefin epoxidation catalyst. The catalyst system, used without additives, showed good epoxide yields and selectivity for various olefins after a reaction time of 5 min. It was found that the epoxide yield strongly depended on the amount of the peroxide used and its nature and noticeably increased at lower temperatures.


The goals of this study were to assess retronasal olfaction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and describe clinical factors that influence retronasal olfaction. This study sought to investigate the influence of retronasal olfaction on patient‐perceived outcomes and examine the relationship between retronasal and orthonasal olfaction.


In this study,the alpha Fe_2O_3 nanometer materials have been prepared,using ferric chloride,glycerol and urea as reactant,and a very simple experiment synthesis method,hydrothermal method. The surface morphology and structure of the product have been characterized,using the X- ray diffraction( XRD). The size and morphology of the particle have been observed by scanning electron microscope( SEM). With methyl orange solution degradation as the target,with experimental light source of xenon lamp,light catalytic performance of the product have been studied,and the light catalytic properties of the alpha Fe_2O_3 nonmaterial prepared have been expounded. Studies have shown that the resulting product for methyl orange has better photocatalytic performance,and degradation rate can reach 70% after 80 min reaction.


A proof-of-concept proximal soil moisture sensor is developed for the precision irrigation of dairy pasture. The proposed sensor, mounted on the boom of an irrigator, measures the soil moisture of ground area in front of the irrigator and feeds the measured moisture data to the variable rate irrigator's controller. The sensor adopts techniques from the ultrawideband radar, in which the ground's resolution area is confined by both its antenna beamwidth and transmitted pulse-width. In this paper, we present the sensing methodology, design, prototyping, measurement and results of the proposed sensor. Measured results demonstrate the sensor's performance in terms of its soil moisture measurement accuracy, and the effects of varying sward heights of pasture grass.


Abstract In this paper we will investigate the growth of solutions of certain class of nonhomogeneous linear differential equations with entire coefficients having the same order and type. This work improves and extends some previous results in [1], [7] and [9].


Considerable attention has been devoted in the past few years to research and field-application of source treatment technologies, as they have the potential to lower the overall cost and time required for remediation of contaminated aquifers. In 2002, a small-scale field pilot test of emulsified zero-valent iron (EZVI) was conducted under the NASA STTR program and the US EPA SITE program to assess the ability of this technology to treat a TCE DNAPL source zone. The pilot test, conducted by NASA, GeoSyntec and the University of Central Florida showed promising results as a method for significantly reducing both mass and mass flux from DNAPL source zones. However, additional field demonstration research was deemed necessary to improve the EZVI subsurface delivery approach. This paper presents the data collected from an EZVI injection demonstration conducted in January 2004 that tested four different injection technologies. EZVI HISTORICAL OVERVIEW Significant laboratory and field research has demonstrated that zero-valent metals will reductively dehalogenate dissolved chlorinated solvents such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) to ethene. Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) containing zero-valent iron as the reactive material have been shown to be effective in treating plumes of dissolved chlorinated solvents. PRB technology is passive and requires no energy; however, it still relies on DNAPL dissolution and transport of dissolved chlorinated solvents to the barrier for treatment, and therefore PRBs do little to reduce the clean-up time for the site. EZVI can be used to enhance the destruction of chlorinated DNAPL in source zones by creating contact between the DNAPL and the nanoor micro-scale iron particles. EZVI is composed of food-grade surfactant, biodegradable oil, water, and zerovalent iron particles (either nanoor micro-scale iron), which form emulsion droplets that contain the iron particles in water surrounded by an oil-liquid membrane. Figure 1 includes a schematic and a magnified image of an emulsion droplet. Since the exterior oil membrane of the emulsion particles have similar hydrophobic properties as DNAPL, the emulsion is miscible (i.e., the phases can mix) with the DNAPL.


The invention relates to an in situ preparation method of a magnetic bio-absorbent. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) mixing Fe solution and Fe solution to obtain Fe /Fe mixed solution; 2) adding the bio-absorbent into an alkaline solution, ultrasonically and uniformly mixing to obtain the alkaline solution containing the bio-absorbent; and 3) dropwise adding the Fe /Fe mixed solution into the alkaline solution containing the bio-absorbent under the ultrasonic condition; after dropping, performing ultrasonic reaction to obtain the magnetic bio-absorbent. The invention has the advantages that the preparation technique is simple and convenient in operation; the obtained absorbent has high magnetism; synchronously, the magnetic bio-absorbent avoids the problems that the magnetic granules in the conventional method have uneven adhesive force and small adhesive force. The magnetic bio-absorbent is applied to treatment of sewage such as heavy metal sewage and dye sewage, and is low in cost, and easy for separation and recycling.


Reduced instrument responses are presented for Thermal-Hydraulic Test Facility (THTF) test 169, which is part of the ORNL Pressurized-Water Reactor (PWR) Blowdown Heat Transfer Separate-Effects Program. The objective of the program is to investigate the thermal-hydraulic phenomenon governing the energy transfer and transport processes that occur during a loss-of-coolant accident in a PWR system. Test 169 was conducted to determine the effect of a lower inlet temperature on the maximum clad temperature during a blowdown transient in the THTF electric core. The primary purpose of the report is to make the reduced instrument responses during test 169 available. The responses are presented in graphical form in engineering units and have been analyzed only to the extent necessary to assure reasonableness and consistency.


The study on aging properties of solid propellant and the prediction of its safe storage life is of great importance for the safe storage of ammunition.Research progress of aging properties of solid propellant is reviewed,including aging mechanism,influencing factors,testing methods and prediction of storage life.The cross linking of adhesives by oxidation is the main reason for aging failure.The composition,structure and mechanical properties of the propellant are the intrinsic factors and ambient temperature and humidity are external factors.Combination of analytical instruments and experiments is an effective method to shorten the experimental period and improve result accuracy.The multi-scale simulation study based on computer will be the focal point in the future.


The aim of this research work is to conduct curve fitting using mathematical equations that relate location of the hydrocarbon (HC) at different depth to different frequencies. COMSOL MultiPhysics software was used to generate models of the seabed logging technique which consists of air, sea water, sediment and HC layer. Seabed Logging (SBL) is a technique to find the resistive layers under seabed by transmitting low frequency of EM waves through sea water and sediment. As HC is known to have high resistivity which is about 30-500Ωm, EM waves will be guided and reflected back and detected by the receiver that are placed on the seafloor. In SBL, low frequency is used to obtain greater wavelength which allows EM waves to penetrate at longer distance and each frequency used has different skin depth. The frequencies used in this project were 0.5Hz, 0.25Hz, 0.125Hz and 0.0625Hz and the depths of the HC were varied from 1000m to 3000m with increment of 250m. Data generated from the simulations using COMSOL software was extracted for the set up with and without HC and few trend lines were developed and R2 were calculated for each equation and curve. The calculated R2 were compared between data with HC to no HC at each depth and it was found that the calculated R2 values were very well fitted for deeper HC depth. This indicates that as depth of HC is higher, it is difficult to distinguish data with and without HC presence; and perhaps a new technique can be explored.The aim of this research work is to conduct curve fitting using mathematical equations that relate location of the hydrocarbon (HC) at different depth to different frequencies. COMSOL MultiPhysics software was used to generate models of the seabed logging technique which consists of air, sea water, sediment and HC layer. Seabed Logging (SBL) is a technique to find the resistive layers under seabed by transmitting low frequency of EM waves through sea water and sediment. As HC is known to have high resistivity which is about 30-500Ωm, EM waves will be guided and reflected back and detected by the receiver that are placed on the seafloor. In SBL, low frequency is used to obtain greater wavelength which allows EM waves to penetrate at longer distance and each frequency used has different skin depth. The frequencies used in this project were 0.5Hz, 0.25Hz, 0.125Hz and 0.0625Hz and the depths of the HC were varied from 1000m to 3000m with increment of 250m. Data generated from the simulations using COMSOL soft...


Stray light is one of the key parameters to evaluate spectrophotometer's performance.It can affect the data from spectrophotometer significantly.The sources of stray light,stray light's influence on the data from spectrophotometer,and how to detect stray light were discussed by combining with practical work.Finally,some suggestions are put forward to decrease the influence of stray light.


One strategy for mapping disease loci using marker‐disease associations is to test for association with case‐control samples and follow up a positive result with a family‐based test. Using a family‐based test in the second stage can help provide protection against false‐positive results that can result from use of inappropriate controls and provides assurance that association identified in the first stage is occurring between linked loci. It is crucial for this two‐stage strategy that the first stage be as powerful as possible to detect association since only positive results are tested in the second stage. In certain situations, the power of the first‐stage test can be increased by combining the case‐control and family data. However, this introduces correlation between the first‐ and second‐stage tests, and treating them as independent tests causes a bias. Here we propose a Monte Carlo method that accounts for the correlation and provides the correct significance level for the second‐stage test. We also discuss the use of a two‐stage procedure when doing a genome scan for the data presented in the Genetic Analysis Workshop 9 study. Genet. Epidemiol. 18:48–62, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract- Several studies point to an important role of neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cognitive and memory impairments have been known in the early stages of PD. In the present study, we examined the effects of celecoxib (CLX), a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), on hippocampus cell loss, passive avoidance memory and antioxidant status in a rat model of PD. We used the subcutaneous injection of 2.5 mg/kg/48h rotenone (ROT) for 4 weeks for induction of PD in a male Wistar rat. Animals were randomized to 4 groups (n=12): Control, sham, PD and PD+CLX group that receive celecoxib (20 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Passive avoidance memory evaluated. We also determined the protective effect of CLX on a number of CA1 neurons in Nissl and TUNEL staining. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) a marker of lipid peroxidation in hippocampus assessed. Our findings indicated administration of CLX increase the passive avoidance memory (P<0.05), and by a decrease in apoptosis caused an increase in viable pyramidal neurons in CA1 hippocampus (P<0.01). On the other hand, CLX markedly reduced MDA level and increased TAC in the hippocampus of the PD model animal (P<0.05). It seems CLX with anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effect could prevent neurons loss and memory impairment which induced in PD.


Viet-Nam poses one of the most demanding moral, political and strategic dilemmas of the mid-twentieth century. Concern over the multiple implications of developments in this Southeast Asian country is manifest throughout the world. But it is, of course, in the United States that debate is the loudest and the positions which are assumed in public discussion the most starkly delineated. The spate of books about VietNam, of which those reviewed in this article are but a small proportion,* frequently reflect American socio-political attitudes as much as they provide illuminating discussion of the problems of past and current Vietnamese history. Common to a number of these books, and to much American discussion of the war, is a search for absolute answers; absolute explanation of the origins of the present tragic struggle, absolute assessments of daily progress, and absolute solutions for what, so often, seems an insoluble problem. There is bittery irony in the fact that Hanoi's view of the war seems distorted by the same absolutist prism. For Joseph Buttinger in his two volume study of recent Vietnamese history, Vietnam: A Dragon Embattled, the absolute emerges in the form of harsh French colonialism and the failures of the late President


In order to detect resource related faults in operating system, an approach based on path-insensitive analysis is proposed. The approach, which can detect a wider variety of resources issues, is context-sensitive. Test cases to identify errors are automatically generated. The models for the C code and resource related faults are set up. Furthermore a platform for resource faults detection is developed. We evaluate our approach by applying it to Linux 2.6.34 kernel. The results show that most resources related faults are successfully detected and located, with lower rate of false positive and false negative. Test cases generated by the platform greatly improve the efficiency of identifying real defects from the results of static analysis.


Physicians entering their practice this morning are faced with two uncertainties: How long will I go without the full Medicare reimbursement and when will Congress make a long-term decision on whether or not to enact the proposed cut?


This study aims to investigate the three supporting factors to acceleration of thesis writing, namely: literacy ability, self-efficacy, and academic motivation. Based on these factors, this study also finds out the biggest contributor among the three, explore the relationship between the factors and the speed of thesis writing, and examine the significance of the difference between the three factors towards the fast student group and slow student group in writing the thesis. This study employed a descriptive quantitative approach to categories, correlations, and comparisons. The subjects were 96 thesis writing students in 3 study programs: BK, PAK (Catholic Religious Education), and PGSD JIP, FKIP USD in batch 2014, 2015, and 2016. The data collection instrument used three kinds of Likert model scales, namely: Literacy Ability Scale with Cronbach's Alpha index α 0.75; Self-Efficacy Scale (α 0.884); and Academic Motivation Scale (α 0.701). The results of the study showed that these three factors are correlated and significant in supporting the acceleration of thesis writing among students of the Department of Education FKIP USD for the 2020/2021 academic year.


Meloidogyne species are widely distributed in coffee growing areas in Brazil, where M. paranaensis is responsible to significant losses to the crop. One of the main management strategies is the use of resistant cultivars, such as Apoatã rootstock and cultivars IPR 100 and IPR 106. However, the parasitic relationship between coffee and M. paranaensis in cultivars carrying resistance genes has been poorly understood. The objective of this paper was to characterize the resistance response of Coffea arabica cv. IPR 106 to M. paranaensis. For this, penetration and histopathological studies were carried out using root tissues parasitized by the nematode. 'IPR 106' and 'Mundo Novo' (susceptible cultivar) seedlings were inoculated with 4,000 eggs of M. paranaensis and, 15 days after inoculation (DAI), roots were stained with fuchsine to verify the penetration rates of the nematode. Histopathological studies were conducted at 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAI and nematode reproduction was calculated at 120 DAI. 'IPR 106' did not avoid completely nematode penetration at 15 DAI, although the number of nematodes was 50 % lower than in Mundo Novo, disregarding the hypothesis of a pre-infectional mechanism of resistance that could prevent nematode penetration completely. However, giant cells and collapsed nematodes were observed in 'IPR 106' at 30 DAI, suggesting that the resistance mechanism to M. paranaensis in 'IPR 106' involves a post-infectional response and could be mediated by a hypersensitive reaction.


The author has identified the following significant results. A significant and possible major economic example of the practical value of Skylab photographs was provided by locating on Skylab Camera Station Number 4, frame 010, SL-2, an area of exposures of limestone rocks which were thought to be completely covered by volcanic rocks based upon prior mapping. The area is located less than 12 miles north of the Ruth porphyry copper deposit, White Pine County, Nevada. This is a major copper producing open pit mine owned by Kennecott Copper Corporation. Geophysical maps consisting of gravity and aeromagnetic studies have been published indicating three large positive magnetic anomalies located at the Ruth ore deposits, the Ward Mountain, not a mineralized area, and in the area previously thought to be completely covered by post-ore volcanics. Skylab photos indicate, however, that erosion has removed volcanic cover in specific sites sufficient to expose the underlying older rocks suggesting, therefore, that the volcanic rocks may not be the cause of the aeromagnetic anomaly. Field studies have verified the initial interpretations made from the Skylab photos. The potential significance of this study is that the large positive aeromagnetic anomaly suggests the presence of cooled and solidified magma below the anomalies, in which ore-bearing solutions may have been derived forming possible large ore deposits.


abstract Kimberley Crenshaw's concept of intersectionality, read in the context of Black Feminist iterations, enables me to sift through the conflation of categories of analysis and praxis in three ways. Firstly, I analyse the purported tensions between Black Feminist theorists and decolonial feminist interpretations of intersectionality, and the attendant consequences of these. In so doing I navigate the fault-lines of the arguments articulated, and while acknowledging the merits of the critiques, I suggest that Black Feminist scholarship in conversation with decolonial feminist approaches may still yield possibilities for coalition which allow for subjectivity that breaks from colonial logics of essence and immutability. Secondly, I reflect on how intersectionality and the coloniality of gender have been taken up in legal discourse in South Africa, and in what ways the tensions and possibilities manifest and are navigated. I argue that fissures may be over-emphasised, replicating a divide and conquer mode of operation while simultaneously facilitating the, at times subtle, selective cooptation of these terms into liberal discourse. Finally, at the centre of this piece is the fact that personhood is the location from which meaning of the world is made and articulated – a question of ontology (Alcoff 2020). Despite the multiple meanings of personhood that suggest that it is both ambiguous and fluid, it has real implications in space/place and time interpersonally and/as structurally (Alcoff 2020). The law, authorised through the person of the state that it circularly authorises/legitimises into existence, holds a monopoly over legitimate force that is both physical and symbolic (Brubaker & Cooper 2020). What is unresolved is the question of who is a person.


This article is focused on causes of perception and misperception between the European Union and United States of America in its policies toward Iran. Misperception caused derailing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) by the USA withdrawal from it. Tracing misperception and perception in policies and strategies to Iran should contribute for better understanding complicated and contradictory relations between the West and Iran.


Dental caries is one of the major health problems in Indonesia. Data from Indonesian Basic Health Research in 2013, 2015 and 2018 showed a consistent increase in the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-old schoolchildren: 43.4%, 53.2%, and 65.5%, respectively. More detailed results at 5 years of age show that 67.3% suffer from severe dental caries with a number (def-t) of more than 6, but only 10% get dental treatment. To overcome this problem, sufficient number of dentist is necessary. Data from the Indonesian Medical Council shows that one dentist serves about 9000 residents, therefore, every year a total of 1700 new dentists take the Hippocratic oath to carry out health services throughout Indonesia. Other than the number of dentists, dental caries prevention programs need to be developed.1


India is an agriculture based developing country. Cloud computing plays a major role in the field of agriculture. It is an emerging style of computing in which applications, data and resources are provided as service to the user in the web. Some practical challenges that are faced while communicating among the farmers are Poor knowledge about weather forecast, deficient production information, information about sales and distribution. Creating a network that goes beyond the one-to-one, farmer to farmer, farmer to expert interactions. A cloud based framework is designed to provide the updates on the website and application that would be helpful to the user to get required information anytime and anywhere through a common gateway.


Sexual Offending: An Alternative Construction. Sexual Offender Self-labelling and PCT. Social Power and Sexual Assault. Alternative Approaches to the Psychological Assessment of Sex Offenders. Psychotherapy with Sexual Offenders. Assessment and Treatment of Sexual Offenders: An Illustrative Case. Final Considerations.


The article presents the results of long-term observations and a comparative analysis of changes in the biodiversity of insect pollinators and entomophilic plants of two closely spaced biocenoses (Test plots 1 and 2). In the initial period of observation, both sites had a comparable ecological state and relatively high biodiversity of pollinators and plants, Apidae (55%) prevailed in Test plot 2, and Diptera dominated in Test plot 1 (32.7%). The number of pollinators was approximately 44% higher in Test plot 2 than in Test plot 1. The number of pollinators, their species diversity and plants decreased fivefold in the biocenosis of Test plot 1 in the second observation period (after 15 years), signs of degradation of the phytocenosis of the Test plot 1 were observed. Woody vegetation and cereals predominated in the phytocenosis. The number of pollinators and their species diversity increased (approximately 2 times) in the biocenosis of Test plot 2, Apidae dominated in this area (about 32%). High number of legumes in the herbage and the intensive pollination activity of bees and other pollinators were undoubtedly one of the factors for a stable state of the biocenosis of Test plot 2. The article indicates that the controlled anthropogenic impact on biocenoses, in particular the creation of a dense grassy cover based on hybrid clover, the creation of nesting spots for bumblebees and single bees, the development of beekeeping will allow for targeted impact on biocenoses to create their stable state with a high level of biodiversity and productivity.


MARES, J., JIRASEK, J., BARANEK, V., FIALA, J., KOPP, R.: Production effect of various feeds on two size classes of juvenile tench (Tinca tinca) under the conditions of intensive rearing. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2007, LV, No. 1, pp. 111–116 The experimental rearing of tench (Tinca tinca) juveniles of two size classes with initial individual weight of 0.8 and 1.2 g was performed into fl ow-through aquaria connected to recirculation system during a period of 63 days. Three feeds (KARPICO Supreme 7 Ex, ASTA 2, L05/CH) with nutrient content of 37/8, 42/7 and 35/7 (% proteins/ fat) were used in the experiment. Achieved values of production indicators – feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specifi c growth rate (SGR) ranged from 1.84 to 4.15 and from 0.70 to 1.49 %.d–1, respectively in relationship to the size class and feed used. More favourable values were achieved with the bigger size class regardless to the diet used (FCR 1.84–3.53 and SGR 0.83–1.49 %.d–1) and the best results were achieved when using ASTA 2 feed (2.05 and 1.84 or more precisely 1.36 and 1.49%.d–1). juvenile tench, growth, feed conversion, specifi c growth rate, condition The increased requirements of European market cannot be satisfi ed by tench production in ponds and thus, possibilities for non-traditional breeding approaches to rearing of early and juvenile stages under controlled conditions of intensive aquaculture are searched for. Using a proper feeding strategy, the rearing of tench larval stages can be carried out successfully in recirculation facilities (WOLNICKI and KORWIN-KOSSAKOWSKI, 1993; WOLNICKI and GORNY, 1995; WOLNICKI et al., 2003). MARES et al. (2005) gained 97% survival rate when nursing the tench larvae till the age of 21 days upon commercial starter feeds under controlled conditions, which was found to be comparable to results gained with the live food. Results of the studies performed up-to-date showed a possibility to perform the intensive rearing of postlarval and juvenile stages of tench based on commercial feeding mixtures (QUIROS and ALVARIŇO, 1998; WOLNICKI and MYSZKOWSKI, 1998; RENNERT et al., 2003; WOLNICKI et al., 2003). When compared to juvenile stages of other cyprinids, the growth of tench fed with commercial feeds is extremely slow, even in case of addition of natural food (QUIROS and ALVARIŇO, 1998; MYSZKOWSKI et al., 2001; WOLNICKI et al., 2003, MARES et al., 2006; WOLNICKI et al., 2006). Another problem accompanying the intensive culture of juvenile tench utilizing commercial feeds is a frequent occurrence of morphological malformations, which might be associated with the quality of the diet used (KORWIN-KOSSAKOWSKI et al., 2004; WOLNICKI et al., 2006), with high feeding intensity (KAMLER et al., 2006) or with different growth performance (RENNERT et al., 2003). The absence of an appropriate feed is a factor limiting the nursing of larval and juvenile stages of tench under controlled conditions (QUIROS et al., 2003). The development and production of tench feed 112 J. Mares, J. Jirasek, V. Baranek, J. Fiala, R. Kopp prerequisits gaining knowledge on nutritional requirements of this species (JIRASEK and MARES, 2005). The goal of the experiment performed was to test the production effect of various feeds in juvenile tench of different size classes. MATERIAL AND METHODS The feeding test with tench juveniles of two size classes (0.83 g and 1.19 g) was performed from January 31 to April 4, 2005. The experiment was carried out in the experimental facility of the Department of Fishery and Hydrobiology of the Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic. Tench juveniles originated from artifi cial propagation (June 15, 2004) at Pohořelice Pond Aquaculture Co. and they were reared in the experimental facility under controlled conditions till the beginning of the test. The experimental goal was to test the production effi ciency of the following three feeds used for the size classes of tench under study: commercial extruded feed KARPICO Supreme 7 Ex (fa. Coppens, The Netherlands), produced commercially for common carp fry, feed ASTA 2 (Poland), a pilot-produced feed tested on various species and age classes of fi sh, and an experimental diet L05/CH of our own production with 0.5% Chlorella addition, based upon plant proteins and tested on other fi sh species as well. Results of chemical analyses of the diets used are given in Tab. I. The experiment was carried out in 6 fl ow-through aquaria (30 l volume with 15 cm height of water column) integrated into a recirculation system. Water temperature, pH and oxygen saturation of water (%) were measured daily. Mean water temperature during the experiment was 22.7 ± 1.3 °C, pH was 8.53 ± 0.05 and oxygen saturation was 104.7 ± 6.15 %. Content of N-NH4 + was lower than 0.1 mg.l–1 during the whole period and the content of N-NO2 – was less than 0.05 mg.l–1. I: Nutrient and energy content in the diets used (own analyses) Diet Dry matter (%) Protein (%) Fat (%) Ash (%) NFE (%) BE (kJ.kg–1) DE (kJ.kg–1) KARPICO 96.20 36.03 7.03 8.15 45.0


The heat resistant steel for intake valves has carried the strategic material, Cr ranging from 8.5% to 11%. The new steel contains only 1% Cr, which is supported by Si and REM. It is designated RK 302 and the nominal compositions are 0.45C, 1.75Si, 0.6Mn, 1Cr, 0.6Mo, 0.3V, 0.02REM and Bal. Fe.The main features are as follows.(1) The steel heat treated to HRC 32 possesses the 427°C, 108 cycle fatigue strength of 500MPa, which is higher than SUH3 (0.4C-2Si-11Cr-1Mo) and slightly lower than Sil 1 (0.45C-3.2Si-8.5Cr).(2) The oxidation resistance of the steel is equivalent to that of Sil 1 at 538°C.(3) The alloy shows the hardness more than HRC 58 by quenching after the short period austenitizing above 950°C.(4) The cold heading is applicable of the spheroidized RK 302.


A data driven, near photospheric magnetohydrodynamic model predicts spikes in the horizontal current density, and associated resistive heating rate per unit volume Q. The spikes appear as increases by orders of magnitude above background values in neutral line regions (NLRs) of active regions (ARs). The largest spikes typically occur a few hours to a few days prior to M or X flares. The spikes correspond to large vertical derivatives of the horizontal magnetic field. The model takes as input the photospheric magnetic field observed by the Helioseismic & Magnetic Imager (HMI) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) satellite. This 2.5 D field is used to determine an analytic expression for a 3 D magnetic field, from which the current density, vector potential, and electric field are computed in every AR pixel for 14 ARs. The field is not assumed to be force-free. The spurious 6, 12, and 24 hour Doppler periods due to SDO orbital motion are filtered out of the time series of the HMI magnetic field for each pixel using a band pass filter. The subset of spikes analyzed at the pixel level are found to occur on HMI and granulation scales of 1 arcsec and 12 minutes. Spikes are found in ARs with and without M or X flares, and outside as well as inside NLRs, but the largest spikes are localized in the NLRs of ARs with M or X flares. The energy to drive the heating associated with the largest current spikes comes from bulk flow kinetic energy, not the electromagnetic field, and the current density is highly non-force free. The results suggest that, in combination with the model, HMI is revealing strong, convection driven, non-force free heating events on granulation scales, and that it is plausible these events are correlated with subsequent M or X flares. More and longer time series need to be analyzed to determine if such a correlation exists. Above an AR dependent threshold value of Q, the number of events N(Q) with heating rates greater than or equal to Q obeys a scale invariant power law distribution for each AR given by N(Q) varies Q(sup -s), where 0.40 less than or equal to S less than or equal to 0.53, with a mean and standard deviation across the 14 ARs of 0.47 and 0.045, showing there is little variation of S from one AR to another. These properties of N(Q) are in close agreement with those of the distribution N(E) for the total energy E of solar flares, determined from observations to be N(E) = constant x E(sup -alpha). From observations of nanoflares in the 0.7 to 4 MK range, and from observations of flares in hard X-rays, it is found that 0.51 less than or equal to alpha less than or equal to 0.57, and 0.4 less than or equal to alpha less than or equal to 0.6, respectively (Crosby et al. 1993, Sol. Phys., 143, 275; Aschwanden & Parnell 2002, ApJ, 572, 1048). Observations also show that, as is found here for the exponent S, there is little variation of alpha with AR (Wheatland 2000, ApJ, 532, 1209), indicating N(E) and N(Q) are largely independent of individual properties of ARs such as area, total magnetic flux, and distribution of current density (i.e. non-potentiality). Therefore the power law scaling of the photospheric heating rate Q computed here on granulation scales is essentially identical to that found for coronal observations of flare energies on scales 1-2 orders of magnitude larger. This suggests the physical mechanisms that cause Q and coronal flares are closely related. It seems likely that Q is the signature of a magnetic reconnection process in an energy range and volume orders of magnitude smaller than those of flares. In this context, at least the larger spikes in Q might be signatures of UV photospheric or lower chromospheric bombs in which plasma is heated to temperatures approximately 10(exp -5) K (Peter et al. 2014, Science 346, 1255726; Judge 2015, ApJ, 808, 116). In addition, lattice based avalanche simulations of flare energy release predict 0.4 less than or equal to alpha less than or equal to 0.5, while analytic, fractal-diffusive self-organized criticality models predict 0.4 less than or equal to alpha less than or equal to 0.67, in excellent agreement with observations, and the results presented here (Aschwanden & Parnell 2002, ApJ, 572, 1048; Aschwanden 2012, AA Aschwanden 2013, in "Self Organized Criticality Systems"; Aschwanden et al. 2016, SSR, 198, 47).


Binban, is at one point (p. 205) named in error for his son and successor Nasir al-Dln Muhammad (for the correct chronology, cf. pp. 200-1). At p. 181, the date 1286 given for the impressive military parade should read "1260". Balaban was not made wazir by Na$ir al-Dln Mahmud Shah (pp. 158-9) but "viceroy" (na'ib); nor is there any evidence that Mahmud Shah "nominated" him as his successor (p. 159). Barhebraeus was not "an early thirteenth-century Byzantine author" (p. 178), but ajacobite Christian writing in Iraq (who died in 1286). Whenever Ibn Baftufa visited Samudra (in modern Sumatra), it was certainly not in 1323 (p. 291), since he was still in Morocco in 1325. Mongol troops headed by Chinggis Khan's sons Ogodei and Chaghadai did not ravage the southern Punjab in Iltutmish's reign; nor did Chaghadai winter in Kalinjar (p. 203; no source cited at this point). And the Mongol commander "Nogodar" (Negiider) active in the Indian borderlands in the 1250s and 1260s was not Chaghadai's nephew (pp. 206, 208): this is a time-honoured misconception which goes back to Marco Polo (see Yule and Cordier's translation, i, p. 103 note; Paul Pelliot, Notes on Marco Polo, Paris, 1959-73, i, pp. 190-6). Slips of this kind do not detract from Wink's arguments; but they are irritating distractions in an otherwise splendid (and much-needed) project which is setting Indian history within a global context and revolutionizing our view of the Indo-Islamic world. It is to be hoped that we shall not have to wait too many years for volume III.


The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of learning with the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPaCK) approach in class VI of Elementary School 09 Pontianak Tenggara. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research using observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and documentation. Qualitative data were obtained through observation sheets which included 4 aspects and 20 indicators, teacher interview guidelines consisting of 20 questions, and student interview guidelines consisting of 15 questions. The results of this study concluded that the implementation of learning with the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPaCK) approach was carried out by analyzing the interaction of learning models using the TPaCK approach. This approach involves aspects such as TK (Technological Knowledge), PK (Pedagogical Knowledge), CK (Content Knowledge), PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge), TPK (Technological Pedagogical Knowledge), TCK (Technological Content Knowledge), and TPaCK (Technological Knowledge). Pedagogical and Content Knowledge). Obstacles in implementing this approach involve human resources, facilities, and facilities. Each learning information technology approach has components such as vision, goals, development, planning, necessary facilities, learning methods, and learning evaluation. Efforts to overcome this obstacle include internal coaching in schools, improving the quality of education, and involving teachers in various training activities and seminars. This aims to align the vision and understanding of teachers towards education and improve their abilities as professional educators.


We demonstrated an effective chemical approach to modulate the energy levels of conjugated polymers by synergistically combining fluorine substitution and thiophene–selenophene exchange. Such modifications from TQ1 resulted in a significantly enhanced open-circuit voltage up to 1.0 V while retaining high photovoltaic performance.


ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of patience in the relationship between mindfulness and pain among patients with cardiovascular disease. A cross-sectional design was employed. One hundred and ten patients with cardiovascular diseases were conveniently sampled from the clinic of Imam Reza in the city of Shiraz in Iran. Participants completed self-report measures of mindfulness, patience, and pain. Structural equation modeling was performed with Amos 16.0. Results indicated that mindfulness and patience had a significant inverse relationship with pain. There was also a significant positive relationship between patience and mindfulness. Estimated indirect effects showed that patience partly mediated the relationship between mindfulness and pain. These results show that among cardiovascular patients, increases in mindfulness are associated with reductions in pain as a function of increased patience. Therefore, patience is plausibly a key mechanism for understanding the impact of mindfulness on pain reduction.


According to the bad influence of fiber optic gyro(FOG) signal random drift in inertia stabilized platform system, the properties of the FOG signal random drift are detected with the Allan variance method. By the relation between the Allan variance of signal noise and power spectrum density (PSD), the sources of some kinds of noise and its properties are analyzed and calculated using fitting algorithm in the least square method (LSM). The result of testing and statistic analyzing for FOG signal indicate that the Allan variance means is successful in separating and estimating the main random error source of FOG signal noise.


Pediatric dermatology is a portion of dermatology.However,it forms as a complete independent system.The development of pediatric dermatology is greatly promoted and enhanced by modern medical techniques,especially by molecular biology and immunology.This article reviews the important advances in the field of pediatric dermatology including genodermatosis,allergic dermatosis and infectious dermatosis in the past two decades and prospects them in the future.