Clinical History.-A female infant, born October 16, 1951, birth weight 2 lb. 1 oz., first child of second marriage, healthy parents, mother aged 31 years. One sib, born 1944, healthy; a second sib, born 1948, died of pneumonia on third day; miscarriage, 1950. Pregnancy normal until spontaneous onset of premature labour at 26 weeks resulted in a spontaneous breech delivery. Baby breathed immediately, but it was necessary to keep her in an oxygen tent. Progress was satisfactory and oxygen was stopped at 19 days. Feeding: expressed breast milk at 48 hrs. Vitamins: A, 14,000 units; C, 30mg.; D, 3,000 units; all daily from 7 days. Vitamin K, 10 mg. on day of birth. Ferrous sulphate, gr. 3 daily from 8 weeks. Fundus: routine examination was begun December 3, 1951, and continued at weekly intervals. Natural greyness of the peripheral retina, and pallor of the disk was observed.


In conventional chilling, carcass shrinkage was so serious that caused considerable economic losses. To solve this problem, spray-chill system was introduced during the cooling period. In this study, effects of different spray-chilling durations (4, 8, 12 and 16h) were compared with conventional chilling on carcass shrinkage and pork quality during chilling. It indicated that spray-chilling significantly reduced carcass shrinkage at 24 h postmortem, slightly increased bacterial counts, but had little effect on retail life of M.Longissimus. Regarding WHC (water-holding capacity) of muscle,drip loss was higher with the prolonging of spray-chill treatment time, while colour of carcass showed only a little change except for a slight increase on the value of CIE L* of fat. Fat color tended to brighten and turned gray as spray duration extended up to 12 h. The rate of chilling was similar for all treatments (p0.05), while pH of carcasses by 16 h treatment turned lower than others at the end of chilling.


The invention provides a street lamp energy-saving control device which comprises a transformer, an intelligent street lamp controller, a low-pressure AC contactor, a street lamp, a high-pressure vacuum breaker, an intelligent control relay and a power supply device, wherein the output end of the high-pressure vacuum breaker is electrically connected with the high-pressure input end of the transformer; the low-pressure output end of the transformer is electrically connected with the street lamp through the low-pressure AC contactor; the power supply device is electrically connected with the power supply input end of the intelligent street lamp controller and the power supply input end of the intelligent control relay respectively; the output end of the intelligent street lamp controller is in control connection with the input end of the intelligent control relay; the output end of the intelligent control relay is electrically connected with a break-brake coil and a close-brake coil of the high-pressure vacuum breaker and a coil of the low-pressure AC contactor respectively. The street lamp energy-saving control device has the advantages that the design is scientific, the regulation and control are reasonable, the automatic control level is high and the energy-saving effect is excellent.


Among the advances of technology in the health area, is Virtual Reality, that using multi-sensory channels enables the user immersion, navigation and interaction in a three-dimensional synthetic environment generated by computer. In this universe is the Nintendo Wii® video game that is increasing rehabilitation programs, bringing benefits in a playful and more participatory on the part of individuals. Depending on the process of senescence, the population has cognitive impairments among them the


Given that the society we live in is continuously moving and expanding and that most people have access to the Internet and thus to information, more and more people rely on safety systems such as "Home Automation". In this paper we will describe the design and implementation of such a system. Several types of sensors, a controller, a wi-fi connection and a NodeMCU module have been used in the design of the system. All the sensors are connected to a controller and the internet connection is enabled by interconnection between the module NodeMCU and the Arduino Mega 2560 controller. The paper sets out experimental results stemming from various working scenarios.


Purpose: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and paroxysmal AF (PAF) comprises approximately half of all AF cases. PAF poses a particular diagnostic challenge given its intermittency. A physician's choice of investigational device is largely based on symptom frequency although it has been widely established that a significant proportion of PAF episodes are asymptomatic. We aim to determine whether symptom frequency is a reliable method to select a choice of investigational device in a population presenting with palpitations.

Methods: Patients meeting the following criteria were entered into the study: palpitations; aged ≥40 years; no previously documented atrial arrhythmia; sinus rhythm on a 12-lead ECG and no significant electrolyte disturbance. A brief medical history was taken to establish patients' palpitation frequency into the following categories: at least daily, weekly, monthly or on a less frequent basis. Participants were issued with an automated cardiac event recorder for 1-week, deemed 'standard practice' (R. Test Evolution 4, Novacor). They also used a handheld ECG monitor (OMRON® Portable ECG Monitor HCG-801), recording 30-second segments twice-daily and with relevant symptoms, for a 12-week period. Recordings were analysed by a blinded cardiologist.

Results: We recruited 59 consecutive eligible participants (age=68±4 years; 42 female). 92% of participants completed the study and 99% of recordings were suitable for analysis. Atrial arrhythmias were detected in 21 patients (36%). Specifically, 29% were diagnosed with AF, 5% with atrial flutter and 2% with atrial tachycardia. Of these patients 33% experienced palpitations daily, 38% weekly, 5% monthly and 24% less frequently. Based on the patients' history, the first episode of AF occurred as predicted in only 33% of patients – see figure 1 (highlighted in red). Importantly 38% of first AF episodes were identified less frequently than predicted and would have been missed if device selection were based exclusively on symptom frequency.

Conclusions: Symptom frequency is a poor predictor for timing of first incidence of PAF. A patient's history cannot therefore be relied upon to select an appropriate investigational device in order to diagnose an atrial arrhythmia.

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Abstract : The multisensor simulation software is designed to analyze the effects of multisensor surveys of the gravity field on gravimetric estimation errors and weapon system performance. The analysis methodology on which this soft-ware is based was developed by TASC for the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory and the Defense Mapping Agency. The program is ideally suited for the design of multisensor surveys to achieve a desired level of accuracy in gravity recovery or weapon system performance. (Author)


Local food advocates promote direct-to-consumer food sales, arguing that such sales yield a variety of positive effects, including that smaller, direct-to-consumer producers have a greater economic impact compared to larger producers selling via wholesale channels. In this research study, we examine this claim by exploring the relative economic contribution of small-scale, direct-to-consumer vegetable operations versus larger-scale, direct-to-wholesale vegetable operations in Central Minnesota. In this article, we detail the methods used to define the project, gather primary data, and construct the two production functions following the methods developed for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service's Economics of Local Foods Systems Toolkit. In our analysis, we constructed two production functions for vegetables. The first was the default production function of vegetable operations from the input-output model IMPLAN. The second production function was constructed from detailed farm financial data on the purchasing patterns of 11 small vegetable operators in a 13-county area of Central Minnesota. Our results illuminate variations in relative impacts, but also in specific aspects of operational expenditures. The production function for the sampled farms predicted a higher per dollar economic impact than the default IMPLAN production function. Our findings indicate that the small-scale, direct-to-consumer vegetable operations may have a greater positive impact on regional businesses than larger-scale, direct-to-wholesale operations, per dollar of output. Our results inform both farm business planning and economic development decision-making in rural regions.


RNA plays a quintessential role as a messenger of information from genotype (DNA) to phenotype (proteins), as well as acts as a regulatory molecule (noncoding RNAs). All steps in the journey of RNA from synthesis (transcription), splicing, transport, localization, translation, to its eventual degradation, comprise important steps in gene expression, thereby controlling the fate of the cell. This lifecycle refers to the majority of RNAs (primarily mRNAs), but not other RNAs such as tRNAs. Imaging these processes in fixed cells and in live cells has been an important tool in developing an understanding of the regulatory steps in RNAs journey. Single‐cell and single‐molecule imaging techniques enable a much deeper understanding of cellular biology, which is not possible with bulk studies involving RNA isolated from a large pool of cells. Classic techniques, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), as well as more recent aptamer‐based approaches, have provided detailed insights into RNA localization, and have helped to predict the functions carried out by many RNA species. However, there are still certain processing steps that await high‐resolution imaging, which is an exciting and upcoming area of research. In this review, we will discuss the methods that have revolutionized single‐molecule resolution imaging in general, the steps of RNA processing in which these methods have been used, and new emerging technologies.


Anomalous half folles naming Justinian and dated regnal year 26 (552/3) are known that, while sharing a similar style for the obverse and with obverse die-links known, were struck with reverse dies signing both P and NI (in the latter case, the denominational mark K is also part of the mint signature); see Figure 1. Among the specimens observed by Hahn are those die-linked and he comments "so there is no doubt that they derive from the same source". Dekanummia of year 26 and marked P are also known.


Objective: Prosthodontic treatment aims to restore the chewing function (rehabilitation) and to prevent tooth decay and bone resorption (preventive and conservative). By retaining the original teeth and/or roots, it could improve the stability and retention of the denture and defend proprioseptic of teeth and vertical dimensions. The aim of this study is to provide information about preventive prosthodontic treatment and prevention by using overdenture and


A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF SOME LOCATIVE CONCEPTS IN CHINESEThe representation of meaning in natural languages is quite a complex task, which can only be achieved by means of approximative model constructions within the frame of a powerful formalism. This paper provides an introduction to some basic locative concepts, in the formal apparatus of lambda-calculus.


Microresonators of ultrahigh quality (Q) factors represent a crucial type of photonic devices aiming at ultra-high spectral resolution, ultra-high sensitivity to the environmental perturbations, and efficient nonlinear wavelength conversions at low threshold pump powers. Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) microdisks of high Q factors are particularly attractive due to its large second-order nonlinear coefficient and strong electro-optic property. In this letter, we break through the long standing bottleneck in achieving the Q factors of LNOI microresonators beyond 108, which approaches the intrinsic material absorption limit of lithium niobate (LN). The ultra-high Q factors give rise to a rich family of nonlinear optical phenomena from optical parametric oscillation (OPO) to harmonics generation with unprecedented characteristics including ultra-low pump threshold, high wavelength conversion efficiency, and ultra-broad operation bandwidth. Specifically, the threshold of OPO is measured to be only 19.6 μW, and the absolute conversion efficiency observed in the second harmonic generation reaches 23%. The record-breaking performances of the on-chip ultra-high Q LNOI microresonators will have profound implication for both photonic research and industry.


According to the world wellness tourism trend, Thailand has promoted wellness tourism to boost its competitiveness. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the potential of Betong district in Yala province to be a wellness destination in the deep south of Thailand serving both domestic and international tourists. This study applied qualitative analysis to primary and secondary data on tourists' demand for wellness tourism services and the standard of wellness tourism services supplied in Betong. The findings revealed that Betong's wellness tourism services, found to have high market potential, include gastronomy services, Betong hot springs, and historical and community-based tourism destinations. These indicated that Betong has the potential to become a wellness tourism destination. However, Betong has to develop new services like herbal tourism and halal tourism as well as creative tourism products and services to increase its competitiveness and achieve inclusive income distribution and sustainable growth.


This paper presents a mixed-signal sensor interface IC on only 1.5mm2-silicon that delivers almost 16-bit-precise measurement results for resistive bridge-type sensors. The IC integrates a programmable ratiometric analog interface and contains a digital calculation unit for sensor-nonlinearity and temperature dependency compensation. A low-dropout regulator allows the usability of a respective smart sensor in dirty-supply applications without requiring external stabilization components. The IC allows for a new performance level of mobile barometric pressure sensing due to the combination of external component-free power supply rejection, specific analog/digital signal processing and a stringent energy efficiency approach. A figure-of-merit of only 0.66nJ/step is achieved. The absolute accuracy of ±0.5hPa can lead to altitude measurements in the range of -500m to 10km with 8cm-resolution.


The 16-channel multi-longitudinal mode fiber laser sensor array is investigated experimentally by the wavelength/frequency division multiplexing technique. In the proposed sensing system, a 4×4 sensor array is established by a few different coupling-ratio couplers, and four different fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) with different center wavelengths are used as four different sensing units. In each sensor unit, four parallel fiber laser sensors have the same operating wavelengths FBGs, but their effective laser cavity lengths slightly different from each other. Every cavity is formed by a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) serving as one reflection mirror, a piece of erbium-doped fiber (EDF) acting as the gain medium, and a Faraday rotator mirror (FRM) serving as other reflection mirror. When the pump power is higher than threshold value, the 16-channel fiber laser sensor array is stimulated stably. The frequency of the beat signal of the fiber laser sensor with different cavity lengths is used to realize frequency division multiplexing, and the wavelength division multiplexing is realized according to the operation wavelength of the fiber laser. The beat frequency signals are generated on a photodetector(PD), and monitored by a frequency spectrum analyzer(FSA). By tracking the shift of the beat frequency, all of the 16 laser sensors can be demodulated and real-time discriminated. The result of the experiment shows that different channels can be demodulated independently. The applications of the sensor array for strain and temperature measurements are also investigated. The strain or temperature information can be extracted from the change of the beat frequency signals according to the wavelength-frequency division multiplexing and the beat signal demodulation. The proposed hybrid multiplexing system can greatly reduce the weight, volume, and cost of the fiber laser sensors system while increasing the amount of the sensors multiplexable, which making it very competitive in some applications fields requiring large scale arrays such as space vehicles, marine infrastructure systems and constructional engineering.


The purpose of this study is to identify the influencing factors on teacher efficacy using「Korean Teacher Longitudinal Study-Elementary School Teacher」data from a more comprehensive perspective by analyzing all available items, which is the strength of the random forest technique. The data from 2,794 elementary school teachers were used, and teacher efficacy, which is the response variable of this study, was divided into three sub-domains (instruction/assessment efficacy, student guidance/class management efficacy, and future education efficacy). A random forest regression was conducted for each sub-domain. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the influencing factor with the highest importance index in all teacher efficacy was job satisfaction. Second, among the top 25 factors (approximately 10% of the total explanatory variables), 15 items, which account for 60%, were commonly found to be major influencing factors in all teacher efficacy. Third, among the top 25 factors, there were 4 to 7 major influencing factors unique to each teacher efficacy, and these factors appeared to represent the unique characteristics of each teacher efficacy. Fourth, the variables that appeared to be mainly related to teacher efficacy were all individual teacher-level factors, and school-level factors did not appear. In this study, it was able to examine the relationship between individual teacher efficacy and influencing factors by dividing teacher efficacy into three sub-domains (instruction/assessment efficacy, student guidance/class management efficacy, and future education efficacy) due to the strength of data. Also, this study examined the relationship between teachers' practical teaching/learning activities and teacher efficacy, which was difficult to examine in previous studies.


The initiative of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences represented a unique opportunity for Hungarian mathematics education researchers and the teachers and teacher educators with whom they were collaborating. The mathematical component of the Content Pedagogy Research Program is organized around two projects. The primary goal of the first research group, entitled Complex Mathematics Education in the 21st Century, is 'to develop a concept, founded on the tradition for mathematics and teaching methodology of Tamás Varga". The second group focuses on the method for Discovery Learning in Mathematics developed by Lajos Pósa. Being associated with this program was also a unique opportunity for me to enrich my didactic culture. Kulcsszavak: tantárgy-pedagógia, komplex matematika, felfedeztető tanulás, magyar mate-


Designing and constructing a virtual reality‐based system is useful for educating students about scenario planning, geometric modeling and computer graphics. In particular, students are exposed to the practical issues surrounding topics such as geometric modeling, rendering, collision detection, model animation and graphical design. Meanwhile, building an application system provides students exposure to the real‐world side of software engineering that they are typically shielded from in the traditional computer class. This study is a description of the experiences with instructing "Computer‐aided Industrial design" and "OOP," two introductory classes that focus on designing and generating the VR based system possible in the course of a semester and then "VR System," an advanced course in the next semester. This study emphasizes the continuing evolution in the training and educational needs of students of CAD‐systems. This study breaks down an automobile driving training system into different components that are suitable for individual student projects and discusses the use of modern graphical design tools such as 3ds MAX for artistic design in this system. The conclusion of this study proposes a rough schedule for developing a VR based system during the course of a semester and an overview is given of a concept of a virtual reality‐based design and constructing system that is being developed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 148–166, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20178


The paper reconstructs the views of the first professional Bulgarian post-liberation economists. The primary source of this information is the "Industry" journal, which was published in the Danube port-town of Svishtov over the period from 1887 to 1890 by several teachers at the local School of Commerce. The authors' thesis is that the papers in the "Industry" journal carry the main characteristics of classical economic liberalism. However, the early history of economic thought in Bulgaria is characterized by some important nuances and specifics. Among them should be noted: a lack of original theoretical contributions, eclecticism, an orientation towards solving the specific problems of economic backwardness and limited knowledge of the theoretical innovations in economic thought around the world at the time.


Public urban space is regulated and functionally ordered in very specific ways. It tends to be subject to strict rules of entry and use, reflecting both the growing private ownership of 'public' space and the role of the state in maintaining a particular kind of spatial order. This has enormous implications for the dispossessed and marginalised in Australian society, particularly the young. The aim of this paper is to highlight several issues relating to the position of young people in the urban environment. Specifically, it is argued that the social construction of urban space in a manner which reflects first and foremost the protection of private property and commercial interests serves to disadvantage those who do not have the economic and social resources to either establish a 'legitimate' claim to be in the consumer spaces or to access alternative outlets or spaces in which to gather and socialise. A good living environment for the majority who make up 'the community' is not one which is based on the...


Abstract Incidental to a study of the breeding biology of other cavity-nesting species, we obtained data on an Apical Flycatcher (Myiarchus apicalis) female that remained for 6.5 yr (September 1990–February 1997) in the same area in the Cauca Valley, southwestern Colombia. The female was banded in September 1990, when incubating a two-egg clutch. Between September 1990 and April 1991 she made four nesting attempts, three of which were successful and produced eight young. Our work had two interruptions, but the female was recorded in the same pasture in 1993, 1995, and 1997, and we assume she remained there all the time. All nests were built in nest boxes, and were lined with fur, feathers, snake skin, and pieces of plastic, a typical trait of Myiarchus flycatchers. Mean clutch size was 2.6 eggs. The nestling period was 16–17 d, and fledglings left the nest at 80% of adult body mass.


The Comet Interceptor Mission (ESA/JAXA) aims to visit a long-period comet or interstellar object. Its primary science goals are to characterize the object's shape, structure, and the composition of its surface and gas coma. The mission consists of three spacecraft, the primary and two accompanying ones. The focus of this paper is the unique synergetic activities between two mass spectrometers to investigate the chemical composition of the coma, one on the primary spacecraft and another on an accompanying spacecraft. Both can be operated in a complementary fashion, at different locations and at the same time, to sort out spatial from temporal effects. Relevant investigations of the coma composition and chemistry within the technical specifications of the instruments could address several unsolved questions. The Comet Interceptor Mission is posed to be an important mission for advancing our knowledge of comets, especially clues for understanding coma chemistry and composition.


Cell wall polysaccharides were isolated as alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS) from Moroccan sugar beet brei corresponding to two sugar beet cultivars, sugar beet slices, wet pulps and pressed pulps. Pectins were extracted from sugar beet brei by hot water under conditions simulating factory operations. Phenolic acids were extracted from AIS of beet slices, wet pulps and pressed pulps, from whole diffusion juice and from pectins. Monomers and dimers of ferulic acids were measured by HPLC. Marked differences in the yield of AIS and composition of phenolic acids were observed in the two cultivars grown at several sites in Morocco. During beet processing, only a little amount of phenolic acids associated with cell wall polysaccharides was present in the diffusion juice. A large portion of phenolic compounds remained in the pulps. Ferulic acid was the principal compound while for both beet slices and pressed pulps, the diferulic dimers were represented mainly by 8-O-4' dimer. Pectins extracted from beet AIS by hot water under conditions simulating factory operations also showed that the same diferulic dimers 5-5', 8-04' and 8-5', 8-O-4' were the major ones. The composition of ferulic acid was also similar in the diffusion juice.


Many video-on-demand (VoD) providers are relying on public cloud providers for video storage, access, and streaming services. In this article, we investigate how a VoD provider may make optimal bandwidth reservations from a cloud service provider to guarantee the streaming performance while paying for the bandwidth, storage, and transfer costs. We propose a predictive resource auto-scaling system that dynamically books the minimum amount of bandwidth resources from multiple servers in a cloud storage system to allow the VoD provider to match its short-term demand projections. We exploit the anti-correlation between the demands of different videos for statistical multiplexing to hedge the risk of under-provisioning. The optimal load direction from video channels to cloud servers without replication constraints is derived with provable performance. We further study the joint load direction and sparse content placement problem that aims to reduce bandwidth reservation cost under sparse content replication requirements. We propose several algorithms, and especially an iterative L1-norm penalized optimization procedure, to efficiently solve the problem while effectively limiting the video migration overhead. The proposed system is backed up by a demand predictor that forecasts the expectation, volatility, and correlation of the streaming traffic associated with different videos based on statistical learning. Extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate our proposed algorithms, driven by the real-world workload traces collected from a commercial VoD system.


Abstract:This paper examines a problematic occurrence of translation in Chaucer's Man of Law's Tale, specifically when Custance is understood by the Northumbrians as she speaks in her 'corrupt Latin' tongue. The paper argues that Custance's being understood is best explained by recognizing the tale's reliance on the hagiographical trope of xenoglossia, the sudden, miraculous ability to speak or understand a foreign language. By emphasizing the ambiguous nature of this moment of translation, however, Chaucer exposes the narrative conventions of different genres (saint's life, chronicle history, and romance) that allow foreign speakers to be understood through very different means.


337 ISSN 1758-1966 10.2217/LMT.13.36 © 2013 Future Medicine Ltd Lung Cancer Manage. (2013) 2(5), 337–339 Tomography & tomosynthesis Tomography, also known as stratigraphy, was developed in the 1930s by the Italian radiologist Alessandro Vallebona [1] and proved to be useful in reducing the problem of superimposition of structures in projectional radiography. A chest tomogram is a picture of the chest area created by moving the x-ray machine in one direction, while moving the recording film the other way. Consequently, structures in the focal plane appear sharper, while structures in other planes appear blurred. Different focal planes that contain the structures of interest can be selected by modifying the direction and extent of the movement. Until the 1980s, before the advent of more modern computer-assisted techniques, chest stratigraphy was a pillar of the diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of patients who had to undergo lung surgery. The ideas used in the first stratigraphy techniques led to the development of computed axial tomography. Computerized techniques allowed conventional tomography to evolve and solve many of the problems associated with tomography, such as radiation dose given to the patient and long positioning time when multiple sections were required. In tomosynthesis, by collecting a number of projection images at different angles with a digital detector, an unlimited number of section images at arbitrary depths can be produced by using a suitable reconstruction algorithm [2]. In 2008, Vikgren et al., using a multidetector computed tomography (CT) scan as reference, demonstrated that chest digital tomosynthesis can detect 100% of lung nodules with a diameter between 6 and 8 mm, and 91% of those from 4 to 6 mm [3]. More recently in a phantom study, Gomi et al. demonstrated that chest digital tomosyntesis was also able to detect artificial pulmonary nodules 5–8 mm in diameter, with ground glass opacity, and concluded that digital tomosynthesis may be a valid alternative to CT scans for the detection of artificial pulmonary nodules [4]. However, according to Zhao et al., the detection sensitivity of chest digital tomosynthesis appeared to be lower than that of CT for ground glass opacity 5–8 mm in diameter with a density of -800 HU [5].


The total power loss density of a soft magnetic alloy with wt. % 49 Co–49 Fe–2 V was investigated. Measured loss data of strip material with thickness 0.1 mm were in good agreement with the statistical loss theory that is based on separation of losses into hysteresis, eddy current, and excess contributions. As a standard reference material a low-loss 2.7 wt. % Si–Fe nonoriented electrical steel (with P = 2.25 W/kg at 1.5 T and 50 Hz at thickness 0.35 mm) was also investigated. The results indicate that the amount of excess loss is distinctly higher for the SiFe electrical steel while hysteresis loss is slightly lower. As a consequence the total loss density is lower for the CoFe alloy above a limit value of frequency that is identified for material thicknesses 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.35 mm at several induction values. This result makes the material attractive for an increasing number of applications where energy efficiency is important. Kerr-microscopic images of the magnetic domain structure of the two mat...


Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an identification technology that is particularly interesting for several kinds of physical objects, either living beings or inanimate items. In this paper we propose to use it to implement an anti-counterfeit mechanism in selected wine production environments. Using a personal digital assistant (PDA) with a public/private key mechanism involving both the passive RFID internal memory and the unique RFID identifier it is possible for the reseller and the final user to verify if the bottle is original. A sample bottle is used to simplify the encoding operation even in a low technology environment like a traditional cellar, also reducing the risk of losing the private key. Finally, implementation issues are considered, in order to confirm method feasibility.


Castleman's disease is a rare benign lymph node hyperplasia. Case: A 39-year-old female patient presented with chest pain and dyspnea. Her physical examination was unremarkable. Chest X-Ray showed a 3x3 cm, lobulated, well-circumscribed and spherical right hilar mass. Differentiation of the mass from the hilar vascular structures could not be demonstrated with thoracic computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Bronchial arteriogram was performed, and it was observed that the artery supplying the mass was originating from the bronchial artery, and the artery was embolized. Pulmonary artery angiogram was normal. The 5x4x3 cm lymph node was localized extrapulmonary and interlobar and was resected subtotally with thoracotomy. Histopathologic examination of the resected specimen was revealed a hyaline-vascular type Castleman's disease. Castleman's disease is generally seen in mediastinum, and it may also be found at hilar area. Surgical excision is a favorable approach in Castleman's disease with the aims of diagnosis and treatment. Key words: Castleman's Disease, Interlober fissure, Pulmonary artery aneurysm, Embolization


OBJECTIVE:To study the compatible stability of gatifloxacin for injection with tinidazole injection.METHO_DS:Contents changes of gatifloxacin and tinidazole within 48h after mixing were determined by HPLC;and the appearance,pH value were observed and determined.RESULTS:The contents changes for both gatifloxacin and tinidazole were less than 5%. The mixed solution was clear in appearance yet without generation of gas and sediments.No significant changes were noted in pH value,color and smell.CONCLUSION:The mixed solution of gatifloxacin for injection with tinidazole injection is stable at room temperature within 48h and which can be applied in combination.


High-strength concrete slabs are frequently used in various structural engineering systems and a wide variety of civil engineering applications. A research program on the structural behaviour of such slabs is being carried out both experimentally and numerically at Memorial University of Newfoundland (M.U.N.). The work reported herein includes the experimental investigation on the tensile behaviour of high-strength concrete and finite element (F.E.) analysis of its slabs. The emphasis is placed upon the importance of the realistic material properties and the need of a valid concrete model in the F.E. analysis. Particular attention has been focused on the post-cracking tensile behaviour of high-strength concrete. -- The complete load-deformation behaviour of high-strength concrete in direct tension, including post-cracking softening response, was obtained by developing direct tension test technique. The test measurements were then characterized into a rational tension softening model. The understanding of the unique tension softening nature of high-strength concrete was enhanced by comparison to that of normal strength concrete in terms of fracture energy, mechanical properties and entire load deformation response. In addition the effect of the cold ocean water on the tensile properties of high-strength concrete was examined. The variability and relations of tensile strengths and compressive strength were also studied. -- Appropriate representation of post-cracking behaviour of reinforced high-strength concrete was developed for the F.E. analysis of its slabs. The developed models and measured stress-strain characteristics of high-strength concrete and reinforcing bars were then incorporated into a proposed plasticity- based concrete model implemented in the context of the 8-node quadrilateral shear-flexible thick shell element. The material model allows realistic concrete strain softening after both cracking and crushing. The validity of the model was established by comparison of F.E. numerical predictions to experimental results of sixteen slabs tested at M. U.N. The model performed satisfactorily in all the cases, with respect to the entire load-deflection response, ultimate load carrying capacity, ductility, and failure mode. -- The F.E. model was then used to carry out a parametric study to examine the structural behaviour of reinforced high-strength concrete slabs. The parameters under investigation include various material properties, slab boundary conditions, loading stub-column, and loading type and sequence. In addition, a tension stiffening model was approximately formulated, based on the fracture energy concept and comparison of F.E. predictions to experimental results of the tested slabs. The importance of the concrete tension stiffening behaviour was highlighted in the F.E. analysis of the slab selected.


Inclusive cross sections (d2σ, dΩdE, dσdE, dσdΩ and σT) for the production of light charged particles induced by protons of 26.5, 48.5 and 62.9 MeV and alpha-particles of 25.4, 45.5 and 57.8 MeV on natSi targets have been measured. The secondary emitted particles (p, d, t, 3He, α, 6Li, 7Li and 7Be) were detected at angles from 10° to 165° in steps of ±10° with respect to the beam axis. Neutrons emitted in these reactions were only recorded in coincidence with, at least, one detected light charged particle. The measurements were compared with all available published data from similar or comparable reactions and with theoretical calculations based on the GNASH and TALYS nuclear-reaction codes.


In the article the analysis of realization of the competence approach for preparing students of HIGH SCHOOL in the Nizhniy Novgorod state engineering-economic college in a direction of preparation 100100 "Service", a structure « Social service » is presented. Accession of Russia to Bologna process has led to cardinal reorganization of all educational system, change of a paradigm: from training the person of any trade, purchase of professional qualification, on formation of the person of the competitive expert possessing capacity to cope by various business and vital situations, the developed communicative capacities. The modern graduate of professional educational establishment should possess a set of the certain qualities including professional independence, mobility, capacity to professional growth, the responsibility for quality of work and decision-making not only in standard, typical, but also not planned situations, communicative culture. Creation of the mechanism of formation professional competences at graduates is the main scientifically-methodical problem, first of all letting out faculties. The general characteristic of professional work causes a level to requirements competence of the expert in the field of social service which is stated in the educational standard and qualifying characteristics, in a general sense is the expert, capable to carry out professional work at different levels of realization of social policy of the state a level of management, material and legal maintenance, formation, healthcare and direct practice of social work. As the important component of the given process professional socialization of students, i.e. their familiarizing with the certain professional values, their inclusion in the private world, formation of professional consciousness and culture, preparation for independent professional work as the subject acts. The essential role in professional socialization, as well as during formation of professional competence of workers of social area is played with its practical component sold in the majority of cases during educational and industrial practices in various social agencies and establishments.


In his book The Star of Redemption, F. Rosenzweig formulated a new philosophical system, which is based not on thinking, or being, but on language. At the same time, Rosenzweig not only postulates language but deduces it as a procedural reality that is currently unfolding in relation to perfect and closed elements—the world, God and man. Language fundamentally changes our attitude not only toward the world, God and man but in general toward all objects of knowledge and action. The world ceases to be perceived as an equal given, a person ceases to be a generic definition for subjectivity and acquires singularity and uniqueness. God is not defined as the Absolute Reality but becomes a live interlocutor. One of the central points of Rosenzweig's system is its grammatical organon—a method that allows one to consider linguistic processes. Rosenzweig unfolds his organon in three books of the second part of The Star of Redemption. This article discusses the philosophical foundations of Rosenzweig's grammatical organon and the features of its application to various linguistic and speech phenomena.


In this study, a hydromorphological model of the Rosenheim reservoir, one of the impoundments formed by a chain of run-of-river power plants along the Inn River (Germany), was developed by coupling TELEMAC-2D and SISYPHE. Available bathymetry surveys, conducted after the high magnitude flood events in 2005 and 2013, were used for calibration and validation respectively. The implementation of the subroutines modified by the Chair of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering of the Technical University of Munich together with the selection of a low angle of friction of the sediment for the secondary currents correction produced a good match between the measured and simulated cross-section profiles. The model's ability to predict the bed variation after the event was evaluated using the Brier Skill Score (BSS) and considering the initial bathymetry as the baseline prediction. Applying this technique, the three following parameters were considered: (i) phase error to assess the accuracy of the location of erosion and deposition processes, (ii) amplitude error to evaluate the bed evolution magnitude and (iii) mean map error to estimate the bias of the simulation against the measurements. The model was successfully calibrated and validated with BSS values being in the category of excellent and good together with a high number of cross-sections featuring low phase, amplitude and mean map errors. The calibrated model is presently applied to other flood events in the reservoir.


IEEE 802.16j is to enable the operation of multi-hop Relay Stations (RS). It aims to enhance the coverage, per user throughput and system capacity of IEEE 802.16e. However, the Mobile Stations (MSs) which connect to the RS are suffering from exponentially throughput degradation and end-to-end delay increase in congested network. As the number of RS hops increases, so does the degradation and the delay growth, especially on over 3 hops scenarios. This paper proposes a Network Coding-based Relay scheme for multi-hop relay networks, called NC-based Relay. It allows RSs to combine multiple wireless backhaul transmissions into single transmission using network coding technique. We also propose an improved OFDMA frame structure design for multi-hop relay network, which provides higher utilization for the relay zone by reorganizing the RSs transmission sequence. The analysis and simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme can enhance the throughput gain up to 140%, and reduce the end-to-end delay by up to 83%.


Constructing a consistent process model can be instrumental in streamlining healthcare issues. Current process modeling techniques used in healthcare, such as flowcharts, unified modeling language activity diagram (UML AD), and business process modeling notation (BPMN) are intuitive and imprecise. These techniques are vague in process description and cannot fully capture the complexities of the types of activities and full extent of temporal constraints between them. Additionally, to schedule patient flows, current modeling techniques do not offer any mechanism, so healthcare relies on critical path method (CPM) and program evaluation review technique (PERT), that also have limitations i.e. finish-start barrier. It is imperative that temporal constraints between the start and/or end of a process needs to be specified, e.g., the start of A precedes the start (or end) of B, etc., however, these approaches failed to provide us with a mechanism for handling these temporal situations. This paper proposes a framework that provides enumeration of core terms/concepts to describe a general knowledge basis for Business and Healthcare domains. Definitions are provided to present the semantics of concepts i.e. based on their ontology. Furthermore, this logical basis is supported by Point graph (PG) notation; a graphical tool, which has a formal translation to a point interval temporal logic (PITL), and is used to model Patient flows suitable for enhanced reasoning and correct representation. We will evaluate an illustrative discharge patient flow example initially modeled using Unified Modeling Language Activity Diagram (UML AD) with the intention to compare with the technique presented here for its potential use to model patient flows.


Using a semiclassical rescattering model, we have investigated the photoelectron spectra and angular distributions of the single and double ionization of helium in an intense ultrashort laser pulse. Through analyzing the spectrum structure we find that the photoelectrons emitted via double ionization are hotter than that via single ionization. Our calculations also reveal a significant correlation in the angular distributions of the two photoelectrons. These results have been compared with recent experiments.


Conventional database management systems bridge maintenance have many limitations in recording the bridge components, maintenance of historical data, geographical
information about the bridge, and storage of information related images. Geographical Information System (GIS) has capability to record geographical data objects and associated characteristic. The system is also capable of managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographic data objects and their properties. The main objective of this study is to develop a prototype system using the bridge maintenance database using Geographical Information System techniques. Data on components, bridge
maintenance records obtained from the Department of Public Works District of Kuantan. Location and photos related bridges determined and recorded. Bridge maintenance records database was developed using GIS techniques. This prototype gives ideas to the relevant authorities and makes it as a starting point in developing its bridge maintenance database more effectively.


1 were brought to the attention of senior editorial staff of the journal. The allegations are: 1. That, contrary to a statement in the Lancet paper, ethics approval for the investigations conducted on the children reported in the study, some of them highly invasive (eg, lumbar puncture), had not been given. 2. That the study reported in The Lancet was completed under the cover of ethics approval for an entirely different study of 25 children with " A new paediatric syndrome: enteritis and disintegrative disorder following measles/rubella vaccination ". 3. That, contrary to the statement in the Lancet paper that children were " consecutively referred to the department of paediatric gastroenterology " at the Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, children were invited to participate in the study by Dr Andrew Wakefield and Professor John Walker-Smith, thus biasing the selection of children in favour of families reporting an association between their child's illness and the MMR vaccine. 4. That the children who were reported in the Lancet study were also part of a Legal Aid Board funded pilot project, led by Dr Wakefield-a pilot project with the aim of investigating the grounds for pursuing a multi-party legal action on behalf of parents of allegedly vaccine-damaged children, the existence of which was not disclosed to the editors of The Lancet. 5. That the results eventually reported in the 1998 Lancet paper were passed to lawyers and used to justify the multi-party legal action prior to publication, a fact that was not disclosed to the editors of The Lancet. 6. That Dr Wakefield received £55 000 from the Legal Aid Board to conduct this pilot project and that, since there was a substantial overlap of children in both the Legal Aid Board funded pilot project and the Lancet paper, this was a financial conflict of interest that should have been declared to the editors and his co-authors and was not. 2 The editors of The Lancet have seen and reviewed the documentary evidence available in support of these allegations. In acting on this information we have followed the guidelines on dealing with alleged misconduct as set out by the UK Committee on Publication Ethics, on which representatives of The Lancet sit. 3 We have presented this evidence to the senior authors of the 1998 Lancet paper (institution at which the original work took place. With this notice are accompanying statements from …


More than Life Writing Review of Janet Frame, by Claire Bazin (Devon: Northcote House Publishers, 2011).Claire Bazin's Janet Frame, the stylishly-produced book in the Writers and Their Work series, throws down the gauntlet to those critics who judge Frame's autobiography to be inferior to her fiction on account of its relative accessibility. Bazin sets out to 'demonstrate that the Autobiography can be taken as an analeptic or hermeneutic tool-a precious key-with which to reread the novels'. Her challenge: '[T]he Autobiography is a greater literary achievement than any of [Frame's] other works' (p. 5).Building on her essay 'Sea, Sex and Sun: Janet Frame's Experience(s) in Ibiza',1 in which she explores the 'ironic [...] double stance which the writing of autobiography brings to the fore' (p. 32), Bazin's latest contribution to Frame studies reviews the autobiography largely through illuminating etymological explorations that distort any notion of straightforward 'readability' (p. 1). Represented is a very Framean kaleidoscopic interpretation of the autobiography that may now serve as a restorative lens for (re-)reading all her writing.Bazin examines first Frame's fiction-with a close eye on its 'autobiographical tinge' (p. 28)-before focusing on the two autobiographical novels, Owls do Cry and Faces in the Water, and lastly the autobiographical trilogy. She mounts her case in a clearly-mapped critical terrain and throughout her argument presents, examines, and evaluates both well-known and unpublished theories, before judiciously presenting her own verdict: that the autobiography is the work and the rest its illustration.Frame's persistent concerns with the same range of topics, namely, 'patterning [...] agency, alienation, apocalypse, art, authenticity, communication, death, dream, fiction, identity, individuality, language, marginality, meaning, memory, metafiction, migrancy, perception and the past' (pp. 29-30), formulate the key question, according to Bazin, that is writ large and irresolutely in the ostensibly non-fiction work: 'Is there any possible reconciliation between the individual's desires and the demands of society?' (p. 69).We are reminded that for Frame the question was one of life and death, and that it was language that both threatened and literally saved the writer's life. 'Extreme words can play executioner' (p. 59), Frame cautioned in an interview, and in Janet Frame we are re-familiarised with the many powerful guises language takes: prisoner, tormentor, accuser, incarcerator, as well as saviour and redeemer, and best of all, hopefully, creator. Language enables the necessary art of disclosure; Frame's work insists, all the while, that that which is revealed often forces us to turn away.Bazin rephrases the irreducible paradox at the heart of Frame's quest as a question-'[H]ow can we denounce the treachery of language without at the same time using it?' (p. 59)-and then redeploys that question to decode the genre she suggests best explores it. While autobiography falsely promises (as Freud enthusiastically urged) unprecedented frankness and tell-all exposes, we know that the writing of one's own life involves instead (an equally tantalising) dance of revelation and obscuration. One simply cannot be both the actor and the audience during the show.The genre therefore presents not so much expressions of selves as the manoeuvres towards the constructions of selves; and such manoeuvres are precisely what animate all of Frame's writing. …


Water resources management requires an insightful balance between water demand and water supply. US water supply is at risk of shortage due to population growth, land use changes, climate change, and water use behaviors of customers. Long-term water supply planning is conventionally based on projections of population growth and demands; however, the sustainability of water resources depends on the dynamic interactions among the environmental, technological, and social characteristics of the water system and local population. This research develops a sociotechnical model to simulate the interactions among the social and engineering systems. An agent-based model (ABM) is used to simulate households and water-use behaviors and is coupled with a set of technical models, including climate change projections, a hydrological watershed model, and a water reservoir model. The ABM framework simulates population growth as an increase in the number of household agents, which affects the water supply and demand balance through increasing demands. Household agents increase irrigation demands due to climate change and decrease indoor demands as they adopt low-flow appliances. Agents also respond to drought restrictions by limiting their use of water for outdoor application. The effects of these actions on the reservoir storage are simulated using engineering models and data describing the climatological and hydrological conditions of the watershed. The ABM framework is developed and demonstrated for the Raleigh, NC, water supply system, which withdraws water from the Falls Lake Reservoir. The model is tested against historic data (1983-2013) and is used to explore the effectiveness of policies for the period 2013-2033. Conservation programs and drought restrictions are simulated and to evaluate the need to develop new water source in the future. The ABM framework facilitates simulations that generate new insight about the dynamics involved in the sustainability of water supply and demands. 1806 World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014: Water without Borders © ASCE 2014


From the Publisher:

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AbstractKalirejo 1 Central Lampung High School is one of the National Standard Schools with accreditation A. There are hundreds of students who attend school there and most of them ride motorbikes to get to school. For this reason, a parking system is needed that can guarantee the safety of the vehicle. The problem faced by Kalirejo High School 1 is prone to vehicle theft, this is due to the absence of evidence of vehicle parking. For this reason, the authors built an application that can help the school to minimize or even eliminate vehicle theft, especially two-wheeled vehicles. The design of this system aims to overcome the problems that exist in Kalirejo State High School 1 and provide information on the number of vehicles parked each day and reports on the number of vehicles registered.


New functionalized polycyclic heterocycles were prepared by intramolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition reaction of dipolarophiles with azomethine ylides derived from various amino acids. This article aims at highlighting these diversities of the ring.


For precise treatment purposes in hadrontherapy, the particle beam has to be monitored in real time without being degraded. For the first time, silicon strip detectors have been fabricated over an area as large as 4.5cm x 4.5cm with ultra low thickness of 20 microns in order to reduce the beam scattering. In this work, we briefly describe the fabrication process and characterize this novel detector consisting of 81 4cm-long strips. Fabrication was carried out in the cleanroom facilities of Université catholique de Louvain starting from p-type thick-SOI wafers. A 62MeV proton beam similar to the ones in clinical treatments has been used to irradiate the sensor at Cyclotron Research Center, Louvain-la-Neuve. The considered parameters were dark current and signal strip repeatability, linearity versus dose rate, and response uniformity through the wafer. The fabrication process was successful and characterization gave satisfactory results. These novel fabricated devices constitute a very promising technology for future in-vivo, non-invasive verification of the actual treatment delivery in hadrontherapy.


The experiment focused on determining the assimilator pigments content in the cotyledons of the black pine plantlets (Pinus nigra Arn.) derived from seeds germinated and grown for 21 days, 16 hours/day, under light emitted by Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs), of different colours (respectively, of different wavelengths). The light intensity was constant, of 1200 lx. The highest chlorophyll a content was recorded at the seedlings exposed to the red light produced by LEDs, which, compared with the plantlets grown in natural light, marked an increase of 26.3%, and, as against to those exposed to fluorescent white light, was 18.1% higher. Instead, the seedlings exposed to white LEDs light, in relation to those illuminated with natural light, have registered the highest values of chlorophyll b (+159%) and carotenoid pigments (+95.2%), and of the total chlorophyll pigments content (+74.7%), respectively, of the total assimilator pigments (+77.1%). The lowest values of the assimilator pigments content were marked at the plantlets exposed to the green light of LEDs, at which the chlorophyll a content was reduced with 25.7%, and the content in chlorophyll b with 31.3%, in comparison with the results noted at the group of plantlets lighted with white fluorescent tubes; therefore, the total green pigments were diminished with 28.9%, respectively, the content in total asimilator pigments with 28.8%. Thus, from all the types of lightings used, the most effective light for the assimilator pigments accumulation, in the cotyledons of black pine seedlings, proved to be the white one of LEDs.


HE patient, a 67-year-old man, was apT parently asymptomatic with regard to his cardiovascular system until November 1973, when he noted increasingly severe exertional dyspnea. He was first hospitalized in early 1974 with congestive heart failure. After a short hospital stay, he was discharged and was maintained on digitalis and diuretics until December 1974, at which time he again presented, with severe congestive heart failure, decreased renal and cerebral perfusion, and digitalis toxicity. He had no history of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction.


Microemulsified mud acid has important applications in the extraction process of petroleum and natural gas. The high performance diesel oil microemulsified mud acid system (DOME mud acid system) which consists of diesel oil,mud acid,surfactants and co-surfactants was prepared. The stability of the prepared DOME mud acid systems at 70℃ and the maximal dissolution capacity of the acid under different mass ratios of the surfactants CTAC/AEO9 were investigated. The salt endurance of the prepared DOME mud acid system was observed by adding CaCl2 in it. The reacting properties of the prepared DOME mud acid with steel,quartz sand and marble were investigated respectively,and the results show that the corrosion inhibition performance of the DOME mud acid system is remarkable compared with the same concentration mud acid solution. It was found that a big single phase region of microemulsified mud acid can be obtained when the emulsifier mixture was composed as follows:the surfactants ratio CTAC/AEO9=3:2,co-surfactants ratio n-butanol/n-octanol=1:2 and the ratio of co-surfactant to surfactant equal to 1:2.


A novel strategy is developed for the large-scale fabrication of reduced graphene oxide films directly on flexible substrates in a controlled manner by the combination of a rod-coating technique and room-temperature reduction of graphene oxide. The as-prepared films display excellent uniformity, good transparency and conductivity, and great flexibility in a touch screen.


Allonemobius fasciatus (De Geer) and A. socius (Scudder) are small ground-dwelling crickets that meet and hybridize, to a limited extent, in a mosaic contact zone stretching from New Jersey to at least as far west as Illinois. To determine whether there is selection against hybridization, we compared heterospecific and hybrid crosses with conspecific crosses with regard to offspring production, viability, and development. Parental, F1, and F2 heterospecific and hybrid crosses produced considerable numbers of offspring, although some cross classes produced significantly fewer offspring than conspecific crosses. Differences in the number of offspring produced between heterospecific or hybrid crosses and conspecific crosses could be attributed to differences in the number of eggs laid rather than to differences in the percentage hatching. The time of hatching, the time required to reach adulthood, and hatchling-to-adult survival were similar in the various cross classes. Postzygotic barriers to gene exchange do not appear to be strong enough to account for the low number of hybrids found in mixed populations.


Domain-driven design (DDD) is a software development approach that focuses on the development of a complete model of the software system domain. The model itself can then be used to generate system components. Unlike traditional software development approaches focus of DDD is on the process experts and, in the case of business applications, on business experts' knowledge about business processes. In order to bring the development process closer to business experts that are usually non-IT experts or programmers new software tool or platform is required. One such platform is DSL Platform. DSL Platform is an infrastructure that can be used to develop and maintain critical complex software systems that supports DDD approach in higher extent than other available software solutions. In this paper we will examine and analyze available benchmarks of the DSL Platform in comparison to leading software development tools, methodologies and techniques. The results will show the benefits and advantages in implementation of this tool both for the development of complex software systems and even more importantly the maintenance of existing complex software systems.


Objective:To observe the Deduhonghua-7 pill's affection on the degree of CCl4 induced experimental hepatic fibrosis and its effect on cytokines IL-1,IL-6,TNF-α,and to explore its mechanisms.Methods:The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,except the normal control group,other groups were injected intraperitoneally with 30%(v/v) solution of CCl4 in olive oil to cause hepatic fibrosis;modelling the same time,the rats in Deduhonghua-7 pill high dose group,low dose group and colchicine positive control group were given intragastric administration Deduhonghua-7 pill with 0.62 g/kg and 1.04 g/kg and colchicine 0.4 mg/kg respectively each day.After the seven weeks,collected the serum and liver tissue,then perform the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) to detect the liver fibrosis indexes and serum cytokines TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6 levels and perform HE,Gomori,Masson staining to observe pathological changes of liver tissue.Use the "Consensus of the diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis" and "Semi-quantitative assessment staging system Ishak of liver fibrosis" established at Xi'an council 2000,to grading,staging and scoring the liver fibrosis.Results:Compared low dose group with model group,the serum and the content of liver tissue HA,LN,PCⅢ,ⅣC,Hyp,inflammatory activity and fibrosis semi-quantitative,the content of serum cytokines TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6 reduced significantly(P0.05);the content of high dose group's serum HA and ⅣC,liver tissue LN and ⅣC,inflammatory activity and fibrosis semi-quantitative,serum cytokine TNF-α reduced significantly(P0.05);content of positive control group's liver tissue HA increased,Ⅳ C decreased,had significant difference(P 0.05),inflammatory activity and fibrosis semi-quantitative showed no significant difference(P0.05),content of serum cytokines TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6 increased,had significant difference(P0.05).Compared with normal control group,serum HA,PCⅢ,ⅣC,liver tissue LN,PCⅢ,ⅣC in Deduhonghua-7 pill low dose group and serum PCⅢ and ⅣC,liver tissueⅣC in Deduhonghua-7 pill high dose group showed no significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion:Deduhonghua-7 pill can significantly improve CCl4 induced experimental liver fibrosis pathology,reduce hepatic fibrosis indexes HA,LN,PCⅢ,ⅣC and cytokines IL-1,IL-6,TNF-α in serum,and have anti liver fibrosis effect.


The 2010 Australian of the Year is Professor Patrick McGorry, an internationally renowned expert in adolescent mental health, and the 50th recipient of the honour has a very clear idea of how he wants to use the influence and access that comes with it.


The CLEO-c detector at CESR has begun to collect large data sets of e + e − → c¯ c events in the center-of-mass energy range √ s = 3 − 5 GeV that will greatly enhance the size of the world's data sets of events produced at charm threshold. Preliminary results for the pseudoscalar decay constant f D + and absolute D-meson hadronic branching fractions from an initial integrated luminosity L = 57 pb −1 collected at √ s = Ψ(3770) are described. These charm measurements are also relevant for B physics. Precision measurements of leptonic (and semileptonic) decays in the charm sector are vital for determining various elements of the CKM matrix that describes the mixing of quark flavors and generations induced by the weak interaction. They also can also be used to relate CKM matrix elements to mixing measurements in the B ¯ B system and to provide important experimental checks of Lattice QCD calculations. Measurements of pseudoscalar decay constants like f D + are of particular interest. The lowest order expression for the leptonic branching fraction for the reaction D + → l + ν is given by 1


The coordination complex, F3XeFb---WOF4, was synthesized in CFCl3 solvent by reaction of the weak fluoride-ion donor and strong oxidative fluorinating agent, XeF4, with the moderate-strength fluoride-ion acceptor, WOF4. The compound is the only transition-metal coordination complex of Xe(IV) and was characterized at low temperatures by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Xenon tetrafluoride and WOF4 coordinate trans to the W=O bond through a W---Fb bond. The XeF3 moiety of F3XeFb---WOF4 acquires a degree of [XeF3]+ character upon coordination that is reflected by its stretching frequencies which are intermediate with respect to those of XeF4 and [XeF3]+. Calculations show W---Fb is predominantly an electrostatic, σ-hole bond with a significant orbital contribution that accounts for the bent Xe-Fb---W angle. The calculations show F3XeFb---MOF4 (M = Cr, Mo) are less stable than their W analogue, consistent with failed attempts to synthesize F3XeFb---MoOF4.


We developed a parser processor for the efficient implementation of logic intensive operations needed for the pre-processing of MPEG-2 audio and AC-3 bit streams. The proposed parser processor requires a relatively small chip area, while it can support multiple audio standards by programming. The complexity of the parser processor is below 10,000 gates and the memory requirement is about 5 kbytes including the instruction memory, internal RAM and parameter ROM. The operating speed is 25 MHz, which can accommodate the maximum bit rate of MPEG-2 Audio and AC-3. The hardware complexity and the execution speed of the developed processor are compared with those of a programmable digital signal processor based design and a dedicated hardware chip.


In this work, the kinetics and mechanism of a redox reaction between the [AuCl4](-) complex ions and hydrazine in aqueous solution were carried out. Using a combination of the classical UV-vis spectrophotometry and the stopped-flow technique, the impact of different parameters, such as pH, ionic strength, temperature, the presence of chloride ions, and [AuCl4](-) and N2H5+ concentrations on the rate constant of [AuCl4](-) reduction was investigated. From the obtained results, the rate law of the reaction was determined and the possible mechanism of a one-electron inner-sphere reaction was suggested. It has been found that the reaction is complex and consists of at least two consecutive steps with the gold(I) formation, which can be further reduced to a metallic form as a final product of the reaction. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The paper makes an effort to specify the relaxation time of subsurface rocks composing the borehole wall during geothermal well drilling justifying theoretical and practical researches. To solve mentioned issues, a theory of dumping of pressure fluctuations in non-stationary motion of drilling mud in the circulation system of well, based on the data of change of pressure and time consumption is applied and as a result a calculation formula obtained. The method has been tested in the well No 245 in Muradkhanly area.


A description is given of a recently developed heat-resistant adhesive for the full additive process, which has been used successfully for the formation of excellent anchors without the use of synthetic rubber. An epoxy resin with excellent heat resistance and electrical insulating properties is used instead. The adhesive is prepared from an oxidizing-agent-soluble particulate epoxy resin and a heat-resistant epoxy resin solution, that is substantially insoluble in oxidizing agents. The adhesive is applied to an insulating substrate and cured to form an adhesive layer. The particulate epoxy resin on the surface of the cured layer is dissolved by an oxidizing agent to form fine anchors, whereby firm bonding between the unclad laminate and the conductor circuit can be achieved. Full-additive wiring boards made with this heat-resistant adhesive characteristically show high accuracy in high-density wiring, high electrical reliability, high bonding strength at high temperatures, and excellent soldering heat resistance and wire-bonding properties. It is suitable for making printed wiring boards with high density and high reliability.<<ETX>>


Examination of cellular proteins has become part of common clinical practice in all medical disciplines. The development of modern biotechnological methods and procedures, a more sensitive method of protein estimation in biological material and certainly also the reduced price of these specialized examinations made their extensive use in clinical practice possible. One of these biomarkers - i.e. products of cells participating in the pathological or physiological reaction of the organism - is also the eosinophil cationic protein - ECP. It is a product of activated eosinophil leucocytes, which are one of the main effector cells of allergic inflammations. The article summarizes the problem of ECP from the aspect of practical application focused on bronchial asthma in childhood and with regard to more recently published data.


The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and collaborating agencies have proclaimed great progress in the U.S. "war on cancer," while at the same time presenting more reasons for concern than celebration. We reviewed various documents and data files and found that incidence and mortality rates for all cancer sites combined remain higher than they were when the "war on cancer" was declared in 1971, despite very recent, modest decreases. The burden of the disease has risen from three million to nearly ten million people. Black Americans, men of all races, and other segments of the population disproportionately bear the burden of cancer. We also looked at data for malignant breast cancer and found that incidence rates increased 36% from 1973 to 2000, while mortality for all population groups combined declined slightly. Breast cancer mortality is 34% higher among black women than among white women, even though white women are generally more likely to get the disease. The $50 billion spent on the "war on cancer" over the last 33 years has yielded few gains. The NCI's resources must be refocused on preventing cancers we know how to prevent.


Traditional nominative sentences are one-syllable compounds, which represent the present tense and have real modal meanings. There are different opinions about its structural - semantic and communicative structure. The structure of the nominative constructions remains problematic. This article discusses the issue of structural categories of nominative sentences.


My early life was challenging, and not conducive to the study of science, but my first introduction to viruses was an epiphany for me. I spent the whole of my career dedicated to understanding viruses, driven largely by curiosity. This led me down many different avenues of study, and to work with many wonderful colleagues, most of whom remain friends. Some highlights of my career include the discovery of a mutualistic three-way symbiosis involving a virus, a fungus, and a plant; genetic mapping of a pathogenicity gene in tomato; uncovering a virus in 1,000-year-old corncobs; exploring virus biodiversity in wild plants; and establishing a system to use a fungal virus to understand the epidemiology of its host. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Virology, Volume 9 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


Many video distribution channels exit, some platformsespecially designed for educators. Videos continue to impact how we learn in new and exciting ways. This article specifically explores the different video integration methods available in online video platforms using a video integration approach. A comparison of four commonly used platforms capable of video distribution is given. The platform comparison is informational as well as a comparison of the methods on "How-To" integrate video. It can be used to understand some platform options and their video integration methods. An example of the visual outcome of the video integration methods is presented and analyzed. The result is the identification of thirteen video integration methods mapped to the major action required to implement it. In addition, the author summarizes the key points that were observed during the implementation of each video integration method.


This paper proposes a novel multicellular ac-dc transformer (ADX). The proposed ADX consists of sensorless isolated ac-dc cell converters based on the multicellular converter topology and a non-isolated dc-dc converter for power factor correction (PFC). A single ac-dc cell converter is composed of a diode rectifier and a dc-dc transformer (DCX) with no feedback controllers. These cell converters are connected in input-series-and-output-parallel (ISOP) and inputparallel-and-output-series (IPOS) configurations to achieve various voltage transformation ratios. One of the features of the proposed ADX is the high scalability with no master-slave control. Each power converter in the ADX requires its own local information, and no additional auxiliaries are required for the global control of the multicellular converter, because the ISOP and the IPOS connection topologies in the multicellular converter inherently achieve balanced voltage and equalized current among the cell converters. The proposed ADX has a simplified control system and accomplishes high scalability without requiring additional components. A simplified circuit analysis is carried out to show the feasibility of the proposed ADX, and an ac 60 V dc 40 V laboratory prototype, with three pairs of cell converters connected in ISOP, is fabricated to verify the analysis. The proposed approach contributes to realizing future dc distribution systems in data centers, taking into account the prevalence of the standardized high-power-density converters.


The purpose of the proposed paper is to infuse the words and the works of the two literary maestros who evangelized the innate divinity in every aspect of the resplendent naturethe flora, the fauna and the human beings have been cognized as the living embodiments of the Celestial Powers in the universe. The scholars referred to here are William Wordsworth and Walt Whitman. One has been addressed as the paragon of the Romantic Movement, and the other as the visionary poet of the Transcendental Movement. The meeting point of the two is the realization of the Divine self in every being. The paper also synthesizes the efforts to identify the supernal affinity as suggested by the two. The prophets sermonized the principle of universal unity and declared that differences lose their identity in the region of eternity and what prevails forever is the Supraterrestrial Oneness. The doctrine, of oneness among all, finds its parallels in the oriental philosophy of Vedanta which preaches that the goal of every human being in this universe is to transcend the limitations of self-identity and realize one's unity with the Absolute Transcendent Brahman. The paper, thus, endeavours to raise the voice of eternal theory of Vedanta through the glory of the Divine in Nature sung by Wordsworth and Whitman alike.


A large and highly oriented Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy crystal with only a single domain was progressively air annealed at 500 and 750 °C for 4 and 8 h. Measurements of ac susceptibility showed that Tc (onset) and ΔTc (10%–90% of the complete transition) of the crystal were 74 and 3 K (as grown), 85 and 0.6 K (annealed at 500 °C for 4 h), and 89 and 2.5 K (annealed at 750 °C for 8 h), respectively. To explain this typical change of ΔTc with annealing temperature, a full structural characterization by x‐ray diffraction in the b*c* plane and by Laue photographs of the crystal as grown and after each annealing treatment was carried out. Apart from variations of the lattice parameters, it is noted that the smaller the ΔTc, the more highly oriented and structurally homogeneous the crystal. We explain the annealing effect on ΔTc by variations in crystallinity, structural homogeneity, and surface phase decomposition, and the changes in oxygen stoichiometry caused by the annealing process.


In western countries, nature is traditionally and basically an object to confront with, and man vs. nature is, to some extent, regarded as adversarial relationship, even in transcendental ideas. Reflecting such viewpoints, landscapes were composed with distinct horizon, with one point-focused mathematical perspective, which renders an orienteering function for man, specifying the rational relationship of man and nature. In contrast to the western idea of nature, the characteristics of traditional representation and thought of nature in Japan was not analyzing it critically, but being sensible to it. However, it is remarkable to note, that the contemporary representations of landscapes are beyond schematization of cultural differences. As a common denominator, contemporary landscapes tend to avoid horizon or precise control of perspectives, and rather favor a viewpoint of sights that are too near or too far, due to the uncertainness of nature-human relationship. Japan has experienced the disaster of Tsunami and nuclear accident, and we are still suffering with their aftermath. It seems that the Japanese are forced to search for a new lifestyle based on a new perspective of nature. Art has limitless possibilities and potentialities suggesting various aspects of nature, which could be an impetus to create our perception and recognition of nature, regardless of being intimate or distant from people.


The recombinant vector pET45b-yCBS was constructed and transformed into E.coli BL21 to overexpress yeast cystathionine β-synthase(1).The effects of various factors on the protein expression were studied,including strain density,the concentration of the inducer IPTG and inducing temperature and time,as well as the cosubstrates such as sorbitol,glucose and glycerin.The expressed protein was purified by Ni2+ chelating affinity chromatography and desalted by His-Trap desalting column,and its activity was determined with the ninhydrin reaction.The results indicated that the expression level of 1 is the highest when the recombinant strain was induced by 0.1 mmol/L IPTG for 15 h at 20 ℃ after cultured for 3 h at 37 ℃ in the LB medium supplemented with 0.05% sorbitol.The productivity of the soluble 1 reached 110 mg/L.The specific activity of purified 1 is 1 320 u/mg.


In this paper,some physiological and biochemical properties of Kochia prostrata seedlings under water stress,such as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the concentrations of chlorophyll,carotenoids,soluble sugars(SS),free proline(Pro) and malondialdehyde(MDA),are lucubrated.The experiment is carried out at Xinjiang Xeric Forage Seed Breeding Farm(44°14′N,86°37′E,504 m a.s.l.),Ministry of Agriculture.The farm is located in Hutubi County in the central piedmont plain on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains,where the annual temperature and the monthly temperatures in July and January are 6.7℃,25.6℃ and-15.1℃ respectively,the accumulative temperature ≥10℃ is 3 881℃,the annual precipitation and evaporation are 167 mm and 2 361 mm respectively,and the frost-free period is 170 days.The results reveal that water stress makes the concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoids decrease;the SOD activity is increased at the beginning of water stress,and then decreased.After 14-day water stress,the SOD activity is increased to the maximum.The concentrations of MDA and SS are significantly increased with increasing water stress.Moreover,the increase of SOD can decrease the MDA concentration.The concentration of Pro is rapidly increased with increasing the time of water stress.There is a negative correlation between the SOD activity and the MDA concentration.According to the study results,it is considered the SOD activity,MDA and Pro concentrations can be regarded as the indexes to judge the drought resistance of Kochia prostrata seedlings.


Through the literature and survey methods such as the north of Anhui College of Physical Education Professional Aerobics curriculum and student needs survey and analysis to understand the current the aerobics curriculum,and to analyze some problems;This article focuses on the Students' Society,biological and psychological,the three most important needs,closely linked to the actual needs of the students and the school curriculum reform,and strive to improve the quality of aerobics courses,and promote the development of aerobics courses provide a theoretical reference.


Despite extensive experience in many laboratories on power conditioning of couplers for RF superconducting accelerators, it is still not a well understood procedure and can produce many unpredictable phenomena. There remains considerable interest in reducing the power coupler conditioning time necessary for superconducting linear accelerators. This paper presents studies of optimisation of the conditioning procedure for the couplers intended for use on the European XFEL project.


From the perspective of trade in value added,this paper calculates the export scale and China-US trade imbalance in Chinese manufacturing sector by using the data of international input-output table from 1995 to 2009,and compares the calculation results with the traditional trade statistics.It shows that the traditional statistical method with regard to total export exaggerates Chinese export scale and China-US trade imbalance;the method of trade in value added leads to a reduction in the export scale and China-US trade imbalance by 50% and 46% in average respectively,especially in medium-high-technology and high-technology industries.


From the viewpoint of $C^{\ast }$-dynamical systems, we define a weak version of the Haagerup property for the group action on a $C^{\ast }$-algebra. We prove that this group action preserves the Haagerup property of $C^{\ast }$-algebras in the sense of Dong ['Haagerup property for $C^{\ast }$-algebras', J. Math. Anal. Appl.377 (2011), 631–644], that is, the reduced crossed product $C^{\ast }$-algebra $A\rtimes _{{\it\alpha},\text{r}}{\rm\Gamma}$ has the Haagerup property with respect to the induced faithful tracial state $\widetilde{{\it\tau}}$ if $A$ has the Haagerup property with respect to ${\it\tau}$.


Throughout the history of Sweden the work first concept can be found as a fundamental concept that has influenced social policy as well as labor market policy. The demand for quid pro quo has however varied over time. The purpose of this essay has been to examine whether the economic officers at Social Services work according to the work first concept in their contact with clients. The purpose has also been to find out which demands were made on clients wishing to claim social benefits. To answer these questions we have made use of a qualitative method, in which six economic officers from Social Services were interviewed.

The results showed that the economic officers worked according to the work first concept, which permeates their work. The primary goals for clients were employment and stimulation, as well as achieving self-sufficiency. The main purpose was for clients to move closer to being available in the labor force. The majority of the respondents questioned how they could discuss the work first concept when clients were so far from being available for work in the labor force.


Abstract During 2 years of radiotelemetry research on chukars (Alectoris chukar) in western Utah, USA, we found 28% of retrieved radios (n = 78) in rubbish nests of woodrats (Neotoma spp.). Such movement and disturbance of carcasses and radios by woodrats and other species has implications for radiotelemetry studies. We evaluated spatio-temporal movement of 51 radiocollars attached to chukar carcasses in western Utah. Most (80%) carcasses were scavenged within one week and by the end of 3 weeks 25 (50%) had been retrieved from woodrat middens. Scavenging activity can both obscure important clues needed to identify causes of mortality and bias telemetry studies by delaying onset of mortality signals.


Phase reaction and sintering behavior in the ternary system AlN-Y2O3(0-10 wt%)-Al2O3(0-40 wt%) at temperatures ranging from 1600° to 2000°C were studied. The density of the sintered 100 wt% A1N specimens increased monotoni-cally with firing temperature, but the maximum value was limited to 95%, even at 2000°C firing. All the specimens containing Y2O3, regardless of their Al2O3 content, achieved full density by sintering at 1800°C. However, at and above 1900°C, the densities decreased with increased Al2O3 content. This densification behavior appeared to be based on the grain morphology and decomposability of the existing compounds in the products. The phases present in the sintered A1N-Al2O3 were composed of AlN, Al2O3, and γ-AION below 1900°C, and 27R, 20H, and 16H at and above 1950°C. In the A1N-Y2O3-Al2O3 specimen, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) phase formed in the first stage at a temperature <1600°C, after which aluminum oxynitrides appeared. In the specimens sintered at 1950°C or higher, γ-AION phase, with a higher Al2O3:A1N ratio, and 27R phase, with a lower Al2O3:A1N ratio, coexisted, and the contents were quantitatively low in comparison with the Y2O3-free specimens, although Y2O3 trapped Al2O3 to produce YAG. This differed from the A1N-Al2O3 phase diagram proposed by McCauley et al. The grain morphologies depended on the presence of the above phases. The grains based on A1N and γ-AION were granular, and those based on 27R, 20H, and 16H poly-typoids were platelike.


An 82-year-old patient was hospitalized with a deep dissecting haematoma of the leg. There had been no preceding trauma. She had a previous history of high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, gastro-intestinal bleeding and coronary heart disease. Her medications included lysine acetylsalicylate 75 mg/day. Physical examination showed pitting oedema of both legs and bilateral decreased vesicular breath sounds. She had periorbital purpura, petechiae on the hands, and distal onycholysis. Petechiae were subsequently noticed in areas submitted to microtrauma (plaster, catheter). Firm friction on the skin with the edge of a pen (left) induced linear petechiae (right). Investigations revealed anaemia (haemoglobin concentration 91 g/l), leucocytosis (white blood cell count 26 7 9 10/l) and increased C-reactive protein (126 mg/l). Renal function was normal. The patient had hypogammaglobulinemia (4 6 g/l), an increase in serum lambda free light chains (331 mg/l) and lambda Bence–Jones proteinuria. Bone marrow plasma cells were 8%, some of which were cytologically abnormal. Computed tomography scanning showed bilateral pleural effusions. Echocardiography was abnormal, suggesting hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A skeletal survey showed no lytic lesions. Amyloid fibrils were identified on salivary gland and abdominal fat biopsies. A diagnosis of systemic AL amyloidosis was thus made. The patient was treated with melphalan, dexamethasone and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy but she nevertheless died of cardiac failure 6 months after the start of the treatment. The use of local trauma to induce intralesional haemorrhage in cutaneous lesions has previously been described as a clinical test of value in the diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis (Hurley & Weinberg, 1964). We report petechiae induced by minimal trauma in apparently normal skin as a clinical sign that is helpful in the diagnosis of primary amyloidosis and is easy to induce without the need for any specific equipment. Because of amyloid fibrils in capillary walls, mild trauma can cause the rupture of capillaries, even in apparently normal skin. Linear skin friction can result in linear petechiae or purpura; this observation is an indication for further investigation, in order to confirm a diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis. Purpura caused by capillary fragility is not specific for amyloidosis. It can be seen also in chronic renal failure, liver cirrhosis, skin ageing, long-standing corticosteroid therapy and in primary haemostatic disorders. We hypothesize that the dissecting haematoma was also a result of amyloidosis-related capillary fragility, as the patient did not have any other predisposing factor.


This paper introduces a computer analytical technique for obtaining the element sensitivities of switched-capacitor networks (SC networks) with good efficiency by using adjoint networks similar to those for conventional linear networks. The SC networks treated here consist of capacitors, ideal two-mode switches and operational amplifiers represented by nullator-norator models. The network equations for the SC networks with amount of charge movement and voltage as variables are so formulated that the network equations of the adjoint networks can be obtained by a simple transformation such as the transpose of their coefficient matrices and with minimum order in many cases. It is also shown that by using Tellegen's theorem in the SC networks, the element sensitivities for capacitors can be obtained as the product of the amount of charge movement in the original SC networks and the voltages in their adjoint networks. Therefore, the element sensitivities can be determined by network analysis of the SC networks and their adjoint networks and the analysis can be performed efficiently with the abovementioned formulation of network equations. Finally, an example of sensitivity analysis by implementing a computer program is shown and its effectiveness is confirmed.


Existing anomaly intrusion detection algorithms based on machine learning are usually founded on the equivalent learning of all historical dataset.Therefore,the learned network behavior profiles depend on the historical data heavily,thus behavior characteristics of current network traffic can not be represented exactly.At the same time,the network packets which arrive persistently with high speed and large volume can not be stored and maintained in time because of the high time and space complexity of the anomaly intrusion detection algorithms.So,a kind of two-phase intrusion detection method based on data stream clustering is presented.In the method,the statistical information of the network traffic are collected and generated on line firstly.Then the statistical information which can represent current network situation nicely are used to detect the intrusions.Accordingly,the influence of historical data can be reduced.The empirical results manifest that such a two-phase intrusion detection method has better detection performance than that based on all historical data,as well as resolves the problems of insufficient system resources,such as memory,etc.,to improve the flexibility and concurrency of system.


Buildings often have several systems installed (i.e. different forms of Building Management Systems (BMS)), with the combined goal of providing a good comfort level for the occupants of the building. With such a goal, it would be natural for such systems to share information and collaborate in achieving this goal, but often they work as silos. Improving at scale the energy performance of buildings depends on applications breaking these silos and being portable among buildings. To enable portable building applications, the building instrumentation should be supported by a metadata layer, describing the instrumentation of the building. We have created Metafier, a tool for annotating and structuring metadata for buildings. Metafier optimizes the workflow of establishing metadata for buildings by enabling a human-in-the-loop to validate, search and group points. We have evaluated Metafier for two buildings, with different sizes, locations, ages and purposes. The evaluation was performed as a user test with three subjects with different backgrounds. The evaluation results indicates that the tool enabled the users to validate, search and group points while annotating metadata. One challenge is to get users to understand the concept of metadata for the tool to be useable. Based on our evaluation, we have listed guidelines for creating a tool for annotating building metadata.


At present, the significance of the hilled rural area is recognized from the viewpoint of ecological function of farmland and woodland. In this paper, based on such a background, the method to classify the conservation zone in the hilled rural area was investigated as a case study of Y village in Shimane Prefecture by evaluating function of national land conservation, evaluating the difficulty of maintaining settlement in the investegated area in groups according to settlement, and ranking both evaluation results respectively by means of overlay techniques in geographic information system (GIS).


Authors affiliations: 1. The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. 2. Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Health Risk Analysis, Shenzhen Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China. 3. School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China. 4. Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.


An analytical extension of a theory of brittle creep predicts that the form of the creep curve of brittle rock after an increment of uniaxial, compressive load depends on a creep parameter, n, of the rock and the size of the load increment and varies with time. With large load increments and large values of n, creep behaviour quickly loses any trace of creep at the lower load. For smaller increments and smaller values of 11, the subsequent creep shows a distinctive mode of approach to normal creep behaviour at the higher load. The early portion of this creep curve can be used to estimate the creep parameters of the material. Experiments on Pennant sandstone are used to show how estimates of the physical parameters controlling the variation of creep with stress and time can be derived, for the first time, from increment creep tests on a single specimen.