The invention relates to the application of Centella triterpenes in preparing products for improving cerebral apoplexy sequelae, in particular to the new use of Centella asiatica alpha-amyrin triterpenes (including asiaticoside, asiatic acid, hydroxyl asiaticoside and madecassic acid) in preparing products for improving cerebral apoplexy sequelae. The animal studies prove that asiaticoside, asiatic acid, hydroxyl asiaticoside and madecassic acid show significant bioactivities and strong pharmacological actions and can be used for treating cerebral apoplexy sequelae, such as depression, dementia (vascular dementia) and limb disorders. The Centella triterpenes are advantageous in stable property, abundant raw material resources, low price, high safety and low toxicity, provide a new drug resource for prevention, diagnosis, detection, protection, therapy and research of cerebral apoplexy sequelae, have a simple preparation process and a high yield, are suitable for industrial, and are significant in development and utilization of medicinal plant resources in China.


Asp.net is an active web application development tool based on B/S module provided by Microsoft corporation. There are many user controls in this tool, which greatly help users to develop Web applications. This paper mainly introduced how to use ArrayList control in asp.net, including how to add data item, sort and bind ArrayList control to RadioButtonList control.


For a school to be of Quality: 1. It must be for each and every one of the children and young people: guarantees access, full participation and learning for each and every student, regardless of their personal differences, and their social and cultural origin That is, it must be an inclusive school 2. Students must learn It achieves an integral development of each and every one of its students, beyond what would be foreseeable taking into account its previous performance and the socio-economic and cultural situation of their families. It must be an effective school 3. He is constantly trying to improve: works to improve the teaching and learning processes, the organization and the culture in such a way that optimizes the quality of the center and its teachers, to achieve a better learning of its students It is an innovative school 4. Work to achieve a fairer society: High quality and fair distribution. A relevant education, relevant and equal in objectives for all, but where more effort and resources are dedicated to those who, by origin, culture, mother tongue or skills, need it most. Recognition and identity. An education that promotes the recognition, respect and appreciation of the individual, social and cultural differences of the students. Full Participation An education that encourages and ensures the participation of everyone in an environment of freedom and positive coexistence. That denounces unjust situations and fight to change them. I mean, it's a School for Social Justice For a school to be of quality, it must be inclusive, effective, innovative, but above all it must work from and for social justice.


Rearing environment and husbandry practices of Coimbatore sheep in the field were studied through a detailed survey. The climate of the breeding and migratory tracts was hot, semi-arid and tropical in nature with matching vegetation and cultivated crops. Housing was not provided for the migratory flocks and they were penned in the open harvested fields during nights with the help of nylon nets. New-born lambs were housed in the lamb hut up to 15 days and were then allowed for grazing along with their dams. Coimbatore sheep were raised solely on grazing irrespective of the physiological status. Pure breeding was generally practised in most of the flocks. However, 19.7% of the flocks introduced meat-type hair breeds, viz. Ramnad-type (Pattanam) and Mecheri rams for crossing to improve body weight. Shearing of fleece was done annually during May–June and the wool was sorted and transported to the villages of the flock owners for weaving kamblis or sold as raw wool. The sheep were vaccinated against anthrax, peste des petits ruminants, and sheep pox. Deworming with anthelmintics was done regularly. The study revealed that Coimbatore sheep were reared under traditional method of rearing with less scientific management practices.


An optical encoder includes a main scale, the light emitting device and the second member. The main scale is a first member having a grating. Light emitting device emits parallel light to the main scale. Change in the relative movement between the second member and the second main scale detecting member as a respective bright and dark objects. The second member comprises a glass substrate and a light receiving IC chip. Glass substrate having thin film electrodes. Light receiving IC chip having a light receiving device array as a total of the index grating, which projections provided on the reverse side of the glass substrate by flip-chip bonding method by solder. The gap between the IC chip and the glass substrate are filled with transparent resin to seal the light receiving IC chip front surface.


This paper proposes novel algorithms for synchronizations and time resolution improvements of One Way Propagation Time (OWPT) measurement in the 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). In OWPT measurement, the Mobile Station (MS) records each 802.11 Beacon frame's arrival time. The Beacon frame's arrival time minus its Timestamp, which is recorded when the Beacon frame is transmitted from an Access Point (AP), is the Beacon frame's Propagation Time. The Propagation Time represents the distance between the MS and the AP. Different from microseconds (μs) time resolution Timestamp, the MS can use its high frequency clock to record the Beacon frame's arrival time in nanoseconds (ns). The proposed algorithms can utilize the ns resolution arrival Time to improve the OWPT measurement time resolution from μs to ns and to highly synchronize the MS with all APs. These algorithms provide opportunity to apply OWPT in 802.11 WLAN for highly accurate indoor localization. In theory, without considering other indoor localization error sources, these algorithms can improve the localization accuracy to sub-meter.


The "effervescent gallbladder" sign, the sonographic finding of tiny echogenic foci rising from the dependent portion of the gallbladder, reminiscent of bubbles rising in a glass of champagne, has been reported previously as a finding of emphysematous cholecystitis. We report two additional cases of this unusual finding in an asymptomatic patient and in a patient with acute, gangrenous cholecystitis, confirmed in both cases by CT, to be secondary to the release of gas from gallstones. These two cases cast doubt on the sonographic sign as a pathognomonic finding of emphysematous cholecystitis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:50–53, 2013


The PolyphraZ tool is under construction in the framework of the TraCorpEx project (Translation of Corpora of Examples), for the management of parallel multilingual corpora (coding, format, correspondence). It is a software platform allowing the preparation and handling of parallel corpora (languages, codings...), parallel presentation, and addition of new languages to existing corpora by calling several MT systems, and letting human translators produce the final reference translations by using a web-based editor. It integrates the computation of some objective evaluation metrics (NIST, BLUE), and enables subjective evaluations thanks to parallel presentations, and formating based on distance computations between sentences (at several levels). In the future, PolyphraZ should also support versioning and provide feedbacks to developers of the MT systems used: unknown words, badly translated words, and comparative presentations of the outputs of the various systems.


Background: LGBT stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender, and along with heterosexual are terms used to describe people's sexual orientation or gender identity. LGBT people in Indonesia face legal challenge and prejudice not experienced by nonLGBT residents. This study aimed to investigate the community perception on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender community in South Bengkulu, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study conducted in South Bengkulu, Indonesia. A total of 4 informants was selected for this study, including transgender group, community leader, and religious leader. The triangulation of data was taken from community and religious leaders. The data were collected by in-depth interview using a tape recorder. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results: Community perception on LGBT covered 3 aspects: (1) Social-cultural: LGBT were unacceptable by the society because it was considered as a deviation from the normal community; (2) Religious: LGBT was prohibited for development; (3) Reproductive health: LGBT behavior might cause damage or dysfunction of reproductive organs. Conclusion: Community shows similar negative perceptions on LGBT community covering three aspects: social-cultural, religious, and reproductive health.


ABSTRACT                The Community Service Program organized by the Information System of Bunda Mulia University with the title "Utilizing Presentation Processing Applications in Supporting Learning at SMA Tarsisius 1 Jakarta", the main activity was carried out, namely providing training related to learning support application systems in the form of presentation processing applications. This activity was carried out online (virtual) with the help of google meet media due to the pandemic situation, namely COVID-19, which made this activity unable to be carried out offline (onsite). The main target of this activity is aimed at students who attend SMA Tarsisius 1 Jakarta. This activity aims to help increase the knowledge of the participants regarding the functional features available in the presentation processing application so that the participants can use the application by maximizing all the features of the existing functions. The method used in this activity is to apply a demonstrative teaching model and participants can see firsthand how to use the existing features so that it is easier to absorb. At the end of the activity, a questionnaire was distributed as feedback from the students of SMA Tarsisius 1 Jakarta regarding the training that had been given. The conclusion of this activity shows that the training on the use of this presentation processing application is going well with the results of feedback stating that 84.47% of participants stated that the material and the implementation of the activities were clearly easy to understand, and 83.68% of participants stated that the instructor delivered the material clearly and helped the participants understand the activity material well.


Narratives of the 'wounded healer' lie threaded through the medical literature. Over recent decades, however, increasing concerns have been raised about the difficulties that doctors have accessing health care for themselves. This thesis investigates these concerns with the aim of improving doctors' access to care. The thesis begins with a synthesis of the medical literature reporting on doctors' health. This synthesis includes an in depth examination of the physical and mental health issues that doctors experience and a detailed investigation of what is currently known about how doctors access health care. The juxtaposition of the narratives of doctor-patients, expert opinion and the research data enables a detailed analysis of doctors' health access, identifying patient, provider and profession barriers. This literature review highlights the gaps present in the current knowledge base. Six research objectives are identified. Each of these is clearly addressed as the thesis progresses. The biomedical approach to doctors' health access is contested and a new theoretical perspective, Complexity Theory, is offered to facilitate this exploration. Drawing on Complexity Theory to inform the research methodology, a qualitative research study is designed to improve the understanding of how doctors access their health care, with focus groups used to provide a rich and layered interrogation of these complex issues. The research findings identify the positive attitudes that doctors have towards accessing care and offer a deeper understanding of the rationale behind their health access decisions. The descriptions of the barriers they experience when accessing care are interwoven with socio-cultural issues that complicate these health access decisions. Expectations of doctors within the consultation when patient is a doctor are examined. Doctors' preference for a patient-centred consultation method and the importance of an empathic relationship are discussed. The thesis continues by recognising that doctors' health access is situated within the landscape of community health access. Three models of health access are described with a particular focus on the lay referral pathway. This pathway is then reinterpreted from the perspective of a doctor seeking care. Four points of vulnerability are identified in this pathway for doctors. Finally, using the lens of Complexity Theory, the literature review, the research findings from this study and the sociological understandings of health access are integrated through the construction of the Doctors' Health Access Model. This model is presented as a Complex Adaptive System, emphasising the importance of understanding the components of this system and the interactions between these components. Exploration of this model demonstrates how the shift in the theoretical perspective, from a reductive investigation towards a more complex visualisation of doctors' health access, enhances the understanding of doctors' health access behaviours. The Doctors' Health Access Model identifies doctors' health access behaviours as patterned phenomena that emerge from a Complex System. If health access behaviours are conceptualised as emerging from a resilient Complex Adaptive System, then critical insights into the maintenance of these behaviours are possible. The importance of leadership and the role of the discourse of doctors' health in enabling positive transformation within this system are acknowledged. This thesis contributes substantively to the understanding of the health access behaviours of doctors seeking medical care for themselves. Rather than simply adding to the body of literature that currently describes the health of doctors, this thesis argues for a paradigm shift in the interpretation of the current understandings of doctors' health access using Complexity Theory. The insights available from this fresh theoretical perspective open the way for new approaches to future interventions designed to enhance doctors' health and doctors' health access.


Two infinite summation formulae for Kampe de Feriet function have been established and results are generalised by applying operational technique and method of finite mathematical induction. Various special cases are also obtained of which few are known.


A portable manual cutting tool (10) is provided which is particularly suitable for cleanly and quickly cutting plastic tubes or tubing, rubber hoses and the like. The tool has a replaceable blade (20) that can be easily manually removed from the cutting tool without the use of additional tools. The blade is slid into the tool and rotated slightly to the initial movement or mounting position. At this time, the blade pivot pin (46) can be slid into the tool and passed through the hole (66) provided in the blade. The ratchet type drive mechanism (140) interconnects the movable handle (16) and the blade to gradually drive the blade toward the cutting position when the handle is operated. At the time of cutting the article, the blade is immediately returned to the retracted position, for example, by widening the handle (12, 16) of the tool.


A genetically As many as 18 applications of acaricides are used annually to control the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), on commercially grown greenhouse roses in California. This mite can cause both a reduction in flower yield and aesthetic injury to the rose leaves. Because this pest also readily develops resistance to pesticides, effective biological control is especially desirable. Europeans have had some success in biological control of spider mites on a variety of greenhouse vegetable crops,


Liquid crystal (LC) is an intermediate state compound between liquid and crystal, which has the anisotropy of crystal molecules while having the fluidity of liquid. It is a cutting‐edge technology in optoelectronics. LC lens is an electrically controlled focusable gradient refractive index lens. In light field displays, LC lenses with diameters in the millimetre range can cover more areas. Therefore, we propose a large aperture (LA) liquid crystal (LC) lens with an electrically controlled focal length of 4 mm in diameter. LC lenses with large apertures require large voltages and there are certain safety issues and equipment requirements. We have therefore utilised a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) that can harvest energy from the environment and convert it into usable electrical energy. TENG has the advantages of being small and portable and enables the use of renewable energy. In this paper, we propose a new type of feather TENG (F‐TENG) with a positive friction electrode of feathers and a negative electrode of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mixed with graphene, which enables the use of F‐TENG to power LC lens systems, thus providing a new application idea for the display field.


One of the most important economic sectors contributing to the industrial growth in Vietnam is aquatic products processing industry, especially focusing on the seafood export as shrimp. More and more Vietnamese companies have applied Lean manufacturing to enhance the product quality and to reduce the production cost, which is called non-value activities for the system production. The aim of this paper is to implement Value Stream Mapping (VSM) in production line at Ocean Shine Company, a fundamental tool of Lean manufacturing that involves constructing an overview of the whole production system and identifying wastes. As a result, some suggestions supporting to reduce wastes and inventory time of the value stream production line will be applied in the short term. Focusing on the current and the future state value stream mapping was established. In addition, ARENA software has been used to build two simulation models based on two VSMs. The application results in the enterprise are also presented specifically. Keywords— Value Stream Mapping, Current State, Future State, Lean Manufacturing, Shrimp Production.


ABSTRACT Modern marketers seek new research paradigms to explore preconscious, nonverbal stages of consumer behavior, often turning to brain science because some mental processes, particularly those underlying conscious awareness, may be better understood by analyzing neurophysiological reactions. A new discipline, consumer neuroscience, thus examines the brain and its functioning in a marketing context. This article demonstrates how consumer neuroscience can contribute to existing marketing knowledge, with a focus on two methods: electroencephalography (EEG) and eye-tracking. In interactive environments, it is ideal to administer brain wave analyses in parallel with observations of eye movements. Such an integration can enrich understanding of what emotional reactions consumers experience when they see an advertisement. This study identifies a causal relationship between marketing communication and emotions on an analytical level, such that it reveals which emotional reaction is triggered by each ad element. In other words, it captures what people feel when they look at something. The EEG-eye-tracking integrative approach offers various opportunities to interactive advertising researchers.


The objective of this paper is to present the results of a study compiling a bibliography of railway atlases published worldwide between 1945 and 2021. The atlases are a specific kind of product that supports cartographic communication of information regarding the current or former state of the railway network in a certain area. They are used in professional activities, for travel planning, or as a historical source. The research identified 253 unique titles forming 348 separate volumes. The bibliographic data are presented in tables corresponding to particular geographic regions. The lists are preceded by a descriptive part devoted to the origins of railway cartography, research methods, and a brief overview of selected items.


The movement of fish can be regulated by behavioural manipulation through non-physical barrier systems. Aquatic invasive species are becoming one of the major management issues in North America, and threaten native aquatic ecosystems, including freshwater fish. Placements of non-physical barriers in waterways can help disrupt the movement of invasive fish. This study examined the effect of a strobe-light stimulus on the avoidance behaviour of two proxy species, juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), in a controlled laboratory environment. For each species, three sequential treatments of pre-stimulus, strobe-light stimulus, and post-stimulus for 30 min periods were recorded on acclimated groups of 5 juvenile common carp and 5 juvenile channel catfish using 15 and 13 replicates, respectively. The distribution of juvenile common carp individuals throughout the tank did not change significantly with treatment, nor did cohesive grouping behaviour. Similarly, there were no significant differences across experimental treatments in average location/distance of juvenile channel catfish relative to the strobe light or degree of cohesion in response to the strobe light. Non-physical barriers have been widely reported to vary between species and environmental conditions. These results suggest that strobe lights evoke no avoidance or attractive responses in juvenile common carp and juvenile channel catfish, and will likely not be an effective barrier to inhibit movements of juvenile invasive fishes.


Near simultaneously (within 2 hours) acquired ERS‐2 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐view Scanner (SeaWiFS) data over an upwelling region shows remarkable similarity in feature's location, scale, and boundary. Under uniform wind and sea states, reduction of Normalised Radar Cross Section (NRCS) from SAR is found highly correlated with the increase of SeaWiFS Chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) concentration. Typically, 1 mg/m3 of chlorophyll‐a is correspondent with a 5 dB reduction of NRCS. This relationship is supported by simultaneously collected in situ sea truth measurements. This work provides a direct evidence and exceptional quantification of the relationship between radar backscatter and ocean colour that has long been speculated.


Knowledge appears as resource more and more often in current conceptions of regional development. Formation the knowledge based society and economy has greatly contributed to the economic revision of the concept and characteristics of knowledge. Knowledge plays a more and more important role in the investigations of regional science: regional inequalities are explained with different knowledge stock and with the related social resources. For the regional economic development the economic and local characteristics of knowledge creation and -transfer have essential importance, they need to be taken into consideration while planning development programs, and especially when working out innovation strategies. The scientific literature of knowledge deals emphatically with the local factors of knowl- edge creation and knowledge transfer that are related to the concept of tacit knowledge. The study surveys models based on tacit knowledge from the international literature of organiza- tional knowledge creation, and enlarges upon the models' interpretability. The so called knowledge spiral (SECI) model of local knowledge creation and -transfer is extended with the adaptation of the latest results of organizational models. The applicability of the principles of knowledge creation is highlighted with the help of a practical example from Finland (Tampere).


To the Editor: Large-artery stiffening has been recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Large-artery stiffening increases with aging, resulting in hemodynamic alterations that have been associated with atherosclerosis. Endogenous sex hormones seem to play a protective role in development of atherosclerosis in men. Whether endogenous sex hormones levels in men also affect arterial stiffness is not known. It was thus desired to evaluate the association between circulating sex hormones levels and aortic stiffness. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a populationbased sample of 378 men aged 40 to 80 and apparently healthy at the time of enrollment. Serum levels of total testosterone (TT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), total estradiol (E2), and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) were measured, and bioavailable testosterone (BioT) and bioavailable estradiol (BioE2) were calculated using TT, E2, and SHBG. Details of the study design, recruitment, and hormones measurements have been reported previously. The carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was determined noninvasively using a SphygmoCor device. Data on medical history, medications, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, and confounders were also collected. Data analysis was based on 376 subjects, because two extreme values of PWV (2.75 and 30.51 m/s) were excluded, because they were considered biologically not plausible. Hormone levels were divided into quartiles for analyses. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate mean difference in PWV between higher quartiles of sex hormones and the first quartile using dummy variables. Four sets of regression models were constructed for each sex hormone. The first was a crude model, without any adjustments. In the second set, adjustment was made for age only. In the third set, variables that accounted for much of the variance in PWV were included (mean arterial pressure and heart rate). The fourth set of models also included classical cardiovascular risk factors, such as waist-to-hip ratio, prevalent cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, daily alcohol intake, total cholesterol level, triglyceride level, and visceral fat. Men in the highest quartiles of TT, BioT, and DHEAS had significantly lower PWV; age; and prevalence of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus and a higher prevalence of smoking than men in lowest quartiles. An unadjusted inverse association was found between TT, BioT, DHEAS levels, and PWV. After adjustment for age, the estimates attenuated, and a statistically significant association was not observed. No associations were observed in the fully adjusted model either. Serum E2 and BioE2 levels were not associated with PWV, with or without adjustment for aforementioned covariates (Table 1). The present study indicates that endogenous sex hormone levels within the physiological range are not likely to be related to aortic stiffness. PWV was used, because it is a highly reproducible and noninvasive index of aortic rigidity. Morning levels of hormones were measured using a radioimmunoassay with an extraction method, which is more reliable than commercially available assays. However, several factors inherent to the cross-sectional design may restrict the interpretability of the results. Several studies examining the effects of sex hormones on arterial stiffness have focused on nonphysiological levels of sex hormones. Androgen deprivation resulted in greater arterial stiffness in patients with prostate cancer and in male-to-female transsexuals. Studies on physiological sex hormone levels have reported contradictory findings. A large study of 508 men aged 41 to 72 did not find any


This article provides evidence of the significance of political colours and associated emblems in the repertoires of social movements and related political parties. It argues that political colours play an important role not only as visual symbols of the cause but also in the emotional life of social movements. Political colours help to create and sustain collective identities and illustrate the role of affect in political life. The article includes a case study of the role of colours in the women's movement, showing how one set of first-wave organizational colours took on much broader symbolic meanings during the second wave of the women's movement. It provides evidence from both the first and second waves of the women's movement of the emotional meaning of the colours for activists. The case study also illustrates the contestation over public memory that occurs in relation to powerful symbols.


SUS316L stainless steel and commercially pure titanium powders are processed by Mechanical Milling (MM) which is one of Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) process. These MM powders are sintered by Hot Roll Sintering (HRS) process. Microstructure of materials produced by HRS process consists of a shell and core hybrid microstructure, that is, a shell structure with nano grains and a core structure with work-hardened coarse grains. All of the HRS materials demonstrate not only superior strength but also good elongation. The mechanical properties are strongly influenced by the shell/core microstructure. The nano/meso hybrid microstructure by HRS process has been proved to be very effective to improve mechanical properties.


HCO3− reabsorption (JHCO3) by the renal proximal tubule (PT) is acutely regulated by basolateral [CO2]BL or [HCO3−]BL, but not by pHBL. RPTPγ is a transmembrane signaling protein expressed in the PT basal membrane and in many other sites throughout the body. Knocking out RPTPγ in mice renders JHCO3in isolated PTs insensitive to changes in [CO2]BL or [HCO3−]BL. Furthermore, RPTPγ knockout mice exhibit defective defense against a whole‐body metabolic acidosis. We therefore hypothesize that RPTPγ is a major CO2/HCO3− sensor in the tissues in which it is expressed. The extracellular ligand‐binding domain of RPTPγ shares 30% sequence identity to α‐type carbonic anhydrases (CAs). However, RPTPγ lacks (1) His residues at positions E149 and Q175 that participate in Zn2+ coordination in CAIV (CAIV equivalent residues, H115 and H140), and (2) the H+‐accepting His from the proton‐shuttle at the RPTPγ K122 position (CAIV residue H88). We measure extracellular surface pH (pHS) on Xenopus oocytes expressing wild‐type (WT) CAIV, RPTPg‐WT, and H2O‐injected controls. Upon switching the extracellular perfusing solution from a nominally CO2‐free ND96 solution to a 5% CO2/33mM HCO3− solution, the resulting CO2 influx causes pHS to rise, reflecting the consumption of H+ and HCO3− during the replenishment of CO2 at the cell surface. CO2 removal from the basolateral solution ("bath") elicits the opposite effect on pHS. Consistent with prior work (Musa‐Aziz, Occhipinti & Boron. Am J Physiol, Cell Physiol 307: C814‐840, 2014), we find that CAIV increases pHS transient peak amplitude (ΔpHS) during the introduction of CO2/HCO3−. However, the ΔpHS of oocytes expressing RPTPγ‐WT is not significantly different from that measured from H2O‐injected control oocytes (n = 8 to 11; t‐test, p=0.517). We generated a mutant, in which we reconstituted 7 residues important for the catalysis (CO2 + H2O ⇌ H+ + HCO3−) by CAIV into the RPTPγ carbonic anhydrase‐like domain (CALD): T120N/K122H/A125N/E149H/Q175H/F177V/F178H ("CALD‐H"). Upon switching from ND96 (pH 7.5) to 5% CO2/33mM HCO3− (pH 7.5), the ΔpHS of oocytes expressing RPTPγ‐CALD‐H (0.330 ± 0.029; n = 12) is significantly increased vs RPTPγ‐WT (t‐test; p=3.1 × 10–7) and H2O control oocytes (t‐test; p=6.0 × 10–8). Moreover, when we add 100 mM acetazolamide (ACZ; an α‐type CA inhibitor) to the bath, the increased ΔpHS response (vs controls) of oocytes expressing either RPTPγ‐CALD‐H (0.062 ± 0.014; n = 12) or CAIV (0.077 ± 0.022; n = 7) is completely abolished (ANOVA; RPTPγ‐CALD‐H vs H2O: p=0.395; CAIV vs H2O: p=0.335). In conclusion, replacing 7 residues in RPTPγ‐CALD with their counterparts in CAIV is sufficient to re‐create CA activity. Moreover, ACZ blocks the re‐created CA activity of RPTPγ‐CALD‐H. This observation is of potential importance for the hypothesized role for WT‐RPTPγ in sensing [CO2] and [HCO3−], because it raises the possibility that sulfonamide drugs (prescribed for treating glaucoma or used as diuretics) could have the side effect inhibiting CO2/HCO3−sensing in the proximal tubule or other tissues.


Total soluble proteins were extracted from non-embryogenic cells, embryogenic cells and different developmental stage of somatic embryos from carrot (Daucus ca-rota L.) and were analyzed by isoelectric focusing sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacry-lamide gel electrophoresis(IEF/SDS-PAGE) two dimensional electrophoresis. The results demonstrated that two spots of 63-65 KDa molecular weight with pI ranging from 6.2-6.0 and two spots of 45 KDa molecular weight with pI ranging from 5.2-5.0, which were detected in embryogenic cells and undetected in non-embryogenic cells, were also detected in
the extracts of different somatic embryos (globular stage,heart-shaped stage and torpedo-shaped stage). We concluded that some genes necessary for somatic embryo formation are already expressed in embryogenic cells.
We successfully isolated and determined the partial amino acid sequences of ECP 45-2, a carrot embryogenic cell protein. The partial amino acid sequences of ECP45-2 show higher homology to ECP 45-1, which suggests that the genes for ECP45-1 and 45-2 are to be consist of a same gene family.


Geographic information systems (GIS) customarily encode spatial information using geometric objects (points, polylines and polygons) and their locations. But people frequently use qualitative relations, such as topological relations (e.g., connection or overlap) or cardinal direction relations (e.g. North or Southeast), to describe spatial scenes. While topological relations have been integrated into modern GIS, direction relations have remained isolated from GIS and are not available for user interaction. Instead, a user must visually infer them from map depictions. This work presents a novel approach for generating and interpreting cardinal direction relations between extended regions, specifically for all the neighbors that surround a 2D object (e.g., all neighbors of a US state), from digital map representations. The devised general principles ensure that the generated descriptions are intuitive and easily comprehensible by humans and are contextaware, i.e., are only as specific as the represented scene requires. The generation of cardinal direction labels is implemented on vectorbased maps and evaluated on a small set of sample maps. Thereby, this work demonstrates how bridging the qualitativequantitative divide helps users interact with spatial information systems in ways that are more intuitive, user-friendly, and robust to human ambiguity.


In the year before Brazil's independence, the press played an essential role in influencing the events that resulted in the rupture with Portugal. With his ideas shaped by the Portuguese Enlightenment and economic liberalism, Silva Lisboa initially supported the Cortes of Lisbon and the Luso-Brazilian empire, but, when the Congress decided to legislate against Brazilian autonomy, he became one of the main critics of the legislation that would change the balance of power between the two kingdoms and, eventually, in his opinion, could lead to the 'recolonisation' of Brazil.


An analytical description of distortion-free transmission using time-domain optical Fourier transformation (OFT) is newly developed by using a time-domain ABCD matrix formalism. The analysis is based on an analogy with a spatial Fourier transformation in diffraction through lenses. The theory enables us to derive the pulse width and chirp at the OFT output explicitly and to evaluate the effect of dispersion inaccuracy in OFT by using only simple algebra.


The range of naturalistic observations of personality in online environments has been expanded with new communication technologies. That made it possible to capture a large volume of digital footprints (Big Data). This research aimed to carry out a systematic literature review of national and international scientific articles that used digital footprints to observe personality in the period from 2011 to 2020. The articles were accessed in the electronic databases PsycINFO, SciELO, Scopus (Elsevier), and PePSIC. In total, 25 articles were found, the most used social networks to obtain digital traces were Facebook and Twitter. It has also been found that personality assessment using digital footprints has been used for different purposes, such as developing product recommendation systems and automatic cyberbullying detection systems. The importance of Brazilian researchers to acquire the technical resources necessary to conduct empirical research on personality and big data is discussed, considering that only one of the articles found was published by Brazilian researchers.Keywords: Personality, digital footprints, social networks, observation methods, Big Data


We present HIC (Human-system Interaction Container), a general framework for the integration of advanced interaction in the software development process. We show how this framework allows to reconcile the software development methods (such MDA, MDE) with the architectural models of software design such as MVC or PAC. We illustrate our approach thanks to two different types of implementation for this concept in two different business areas: one software design pattern, MVIC® (Model View Interaction Control) and one architectural model, IM (Interaction Middleware).


The article examines the reception, conception and practical application of corporatist ideas in inter-war Greece. Drawing on Peter Williamson's terms, this study looks closely at both consensual- and authoritarian-licensed corporatist theories and policies. In the period under consideration, Greece was a fledgling, fast industrializing society that was significantly affected by the economic advantages and misgivings of the 'gloomy thirties'. High rates of unemployment, which were aggravated by the global economic crisis of 1929, low wages, long working hours and insufficient enforcement of labour law increased the dissatisfaction of the working classes and fanned social unrest. Consensual-licensed corporatist proposals for 'professional representation' entered the debate on the (re-)establishment of the Senate in 1928–29. Authoritarian-licensed corporatism found a much broader audience and practical scope during the Kondylis and the Metaxas dictatorships in the period 1935–40. Fascist-like corporatist practices were applied in agriculture and in the bargaining of collective agreements that regulated minimum wages and salaries. In fact, Metaxas had pronounced the transformation of his anti-parliamentary regime into a corporatist 'new State'. However, the eventual implementation of corporatist ideas was rather limited. For that matter, I argue that interbellum Greece remained, in its European setting, a marginal case of corporatist theories and policies.


Background. This study examines whether the relationship between maternal stress or abuse situations and infant birth weight differs between homeless and non-homeless women. Methods. Analyses are based on data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2002–2007. Results. Homeless women were significantly more likely to experience stressful life events, abusive situations, and poor maternal health than non-homeless women during pregnancy. Birth weight among infants of homeless women was, on average, 17.4 grams lighter than for infants of non-homeless women, after adjusting for maternal age, race, ethnicity, region, education, and marital status. The impact of maternal health, stress, and abuse variables on pregnancy and infant birth weight significantly interacted with homeless status. For example, vaginal bleeding, nausea, kidney/bladder infection, and failure to receive early prenatal care had significantly larger negative impacts on birth weight among homeless women than non-homeless women. Infant birth weight was consistently lower among homeless women, more so when maternal stress and abuse were involved, across all classifications of their prepregnancy weight. Conclusion. Stress and abusive situations among pregnant women have a negative influence on pregnancy-related conditions and infant birth weight. However, this negative influence is even more pronounced among homeless women.


The duality between the N-particle sector of quantum nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the 2D N = (2, 2)* U(N) topological Yang-Mills-Higgs theory was found by Gerasimov and Shatashvili some time ago. At the large N and large 't Hooft coupling limit, the gravity dual of the 2D N = (2, 2)* U(N) topological Yang-Mills-Higgs theory can be constructed. Consequently, as a first example, one can formulate a triangle relation between integrable model, gauge theory and gravity. We present the results of the gravity dual in this paper, and make some checks at classical level between the gravity dual and the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This paper is based on the talk given by the author at the 24th International Conference on Integrable Systems and Quantum Symmetries, and more details can be found in Ref. [].


Long-span roof is one of the most important structures of large-span spatial structures.In the first-time structural model design competition of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,long-span roof models were required to be designed and made,and the actual load state and loading tests were simulated.In this article,the models of large-span roof structures were classified,and the every model was calculated by finite element method,the stress characteristics and key influence factors of model's stiffness and stress of every structure were analyzed,and according to the analysis results,every model was evaluated.The results of load tests verified the reliability of theoretical calculation.The analysis results show that the competition models are must conceptually designed and optimally analyzed as actual structures,then good achievement are obtained by rational design and excellent manufacturing process


Efficient memory management is important for optimizing computer usage. Intuition, simulation, experience, and analysis have contributed to the design of space management algorithms. Analytical models require accurate and concise descriptions of the system's environment. The referencing pattern, describing the sequence of memory addresses, is the environment for memory management problems. One referencing model assigns probabilities to positions in an LRU stack of memory pages. "Local" behavior is easily described using this model. However, the distinctly different behavior among instruction and data references is lost. In this paper we generalize the LRU stack model to an arbitrary number of memory spaces which are selected by the transitions of a Markov chain. The additional detail affects the behavior of the models for a working set management strategy.


The national spirit is the soul of a nation;a nation can not develop without the support of the national spirit.After the"5.12"earthquake,We should make great efforts to cultivate and carry forward the national spirit,and enhance the spirit of the whole nation' s strength to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.


The Abstract Book contains Keynotes , Oral presentations and Posters presented at The Biochemistry, Biology and Pathology of MAP Kinases II  (10-11 September 2014, Vilnius - Lithuania) that was part of the Life Sciences Baltics 2014 Forum. ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Jonas Cicenas Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and MAP Kinase Resource, Geneva, Switzerland – Chair Rony Seger Department of Biological Regulation, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Jean-Francois Bodart University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France Mindaugas Valius Proteomics Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania


In order to obtain the short-circuit current of solar cells under the condition of AM0 (Air Mass Zero), so as to achieve the spatial calibration of standard solar cells, this study uses the "twin" solar cell spatial calibration method. First, a batch of paired batteries that meet the requirements is selected. One of the paired batteries enters the space with the satellite, and the short-circuit current and temperature are measured under AM0 conditions, and the other is left on the ground. This article discusses the correction method of short-circuit current data transmitted back from the satellite, including the acquisition error correction of the data acquisition instrument, temperature correction, AM0 light intensity correction, twin inherent error correction, and space ray particle influence correction. The data of the solar cells on the satellite are assigned to the ground solar cells after correction, and AM0 standard solar cells are obtained on the ground.


THIs STUDY i.s limited to anaesthesia for operations on the lumbar and lum]~osacral spine. It includes operations for correction of disorders of the intervertebr~l discs, of abnormal articular mobility and of other anomalies such as spondylolisthesis. It excludes new growths and infective processes. These operations are, for the most part, conducted on otherwise healthy, and, usually muscular, individuals in the 30- to 50-year age group, the great majority being males. The approach to the lumbar spine is rendered diflqct~It by :the size I of the muscle mass, and the ultimate corrective part of the procedure is carrie d out in the depth of a narrow confined space, whose floor is readily obscured b)t oozing of blood. POSITIONS USED At this centre the majoritY' of these operations are performed with the i patient in the prone position with "bolster supports, and with varying degrees 9 f table flexion. Alternatively the lateral position x~4th thigh~' and "knees flexed is m~ach less frequently used, and rarely the squatting position is employed.


The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)issues of Mine Safety Monitoring System are related to whether electronic devices can work smoothly, and whether the Mine Safety Monitoring System can play their performances as the designed goals. Could potential interferences be discovered early by prediction and analysis, it could gain twice the result with half the effort to adopt some measures of restraint and protection in the designing, testing and finalization of the Mine Safety Monitoring System. The author presents a kind of EMC design and analysis of Mine Safety Monitoring System based on Expert System,which derives from the large number of Mine Safety Monitoring System design datas and the EMC testing experiences. the author developed a software system in VC development platform to predict the potential problems according to EMC prediction theory, which could play a helpful role in the control of electromagnetic interferences in Mine Safety Monitoring System.


An experiment was conducted during 1995–1996 and 1996–1997 to study the pattern of weed flora in sunflower during kharif and spring seasons. The season-long weed infestation caused 54.6 and 25.7% reduction in seed yield during kharif and spring seasons, respectively. The dominant weeds with respect to population and dry matter accumulation during kharif were Trianthema portulacastrum (19.75; 28.35%) and Digera arvensis (27.26; 27.42%), while during spring season Heliotropium eichwaldi (38.38; 37.50%) and Melilotus indica (17.44; 18.6%) were predominant. Cyperus rotundus persisted in both the seasons and was abundant in initially weed free treatments. Removal of weeds for initial 45 days reduced weed population by 63.2 and 62.0% and weed dry weight by 76.0 and 80.5% in kharif and spring seasons, respectively. Sunflower crop required an initial weed free period of 45 days during kharifand 30–45 DAS in spring.


The paper describes the current condition of the production of cushioning and heat-insulating polymer foaming materials used in logisitcs industry.Then in a case study,it analyzes the problems existing in the manufacturing process of polystyrene foaming material as well the developmental trend,placing emphasis on the environmental impact of the production and the countermeasures.


Background: Periodontitis is associates with various systemic disease one of which is PCOS. PCOS is a genetically complex endocrinopathy of uncertain etiology affecting women of reproductive age group which results in most common cause of anovulatory infertility, menstrual dysfunction and hirsutism. PCOS have close association with cardiometabolic risk profile, insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia, central obesity, dyslipidemia and increase prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The common pathway is the chronic low grade inflammation which is constituted by proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. Aim: To compare salivary IL-6 levels among patients with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with chronic periodontitis and without Chronic Periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Newly diagnosed PCOS patients were selected for the study and the periodontal Parameters were recorded. Group A consist of 42 patients of PCOS with Periodontitis & Group B consist of 42 patients of PCOS without Periodontitis. Salivary levels of IL-6 was compared between the two groups, and was assessed by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) kit (Bioassay). Results: BOP in group A was 1.40 ± 0.40 and in group B it was 0.91.± 0.18,PPD in group A was 4.23 ± 0.134 and in group B it was 1.30 ± 0.06, CAL in group A was 4.87 ± 0.124 and in group B was 1.30 ± 0.06, CAL in group A was 4.87 ± 0.124 and in group B was 1.30 ± 0.06. The values were statistically significant (p= <.001). IL-6 level in group A is 102.59 ± 18.2 and in group B it was 51.3 ± 25.3. Which implies there is an increase salivary IL-6 level in group A (PCOS with Periodontitis) than group B (PCOS without Periodontitis). Conclusion: Salivary IL-6 levels shows a double fold increase in Group A (PCOS with Periodontitis) than in group B ( PCOS without Periodontitis).


This article traces the political, historical, and ideological roots of the Relay Graduate School of Education.1 Relay represents a more current iteration of alternative teacher preparation programs and emerged from the earlier partnerships between education schools and independent alternative programs (Mungal, 2012). In the past 40 years there has been an increase in modern2 alternative teacher preparation programs originating from outside the university setting. These programs have become major producers of teacher candidates, attracting a significant number of teaching candidates who enter into the teaching profession and bypass university-based education schools. This article informs the field of teacher preparation on the emerging phenomenon of Relay Graduate School of Education. Unaffiliated with university-based education schools, Relay bypasses education schools and is allowed to confer a Masters of Arts in Teaching (M.A.T.) through state organizations such as the New York State Board of Regents and other equivalent state agencies. There is very limited research on Relay


The two Ballacagen sites, which lie in the flood plain of a small river, were marked by banks, very variously preserved, which could at first sight have been regarded as originally defensive. The word 'Fort' which appeared beside them on older Ordnance Survey maps was not unreasonable. Bersu's most controversial conclusion was that these 'forts' were completely roofed over and were, in fact, houses. This was postulating a much larger house than had so far been admitted for the Iron Age, and the weight of roof involved did indeed seem to be formidable; but now that the evidence is available it is hard not to agree that Bersu was right. His arguments deserve to be read in full, but some of them seem individually to be fairly conclusive. For instance, the floor of Ballacagen B was markedly concave, and had any substantial part of it been unroofed the sort of weather which the Isle of Man can experience in any month of the year would have turned it into a pond. Bersu believed that the occupants of the houses were primarily breeders of livestock, with arable farming much less important. The published evidence is inconclusive, but this is the usual opinion about Iron Age farming in this general area of the British Isles, and it may be right. Doubts are bound to arise in the minds of those who know the excellent arable land which overlies much of the limestone rock of this part of the island, some of it very close to the sites in question. He also believed that the positioning of these houses in the marshy floodplain of the river had no defensive significance. Certainly the marshy conditions were not specially adapted for defensive purposes, but their mere existence was surely valuable as a deterrent. Otherwise, life would have been much easier, and the watering of cattle no more difficult, had the houses been built on immediately adjacent drier ground. Two radiocarbon dates suggest strongly that both the Ballacagen sites were in existence in the third century B.C., and occupation certainly continued well into the first century B.C. Bersu, without radiocarbon dates, thought in terms of the first to third centuries A.D., being influenced by a brooch of the late second century A.D. which was found in the bank surrounding Ballacagen B. Dr. Radford has argued cogently that this must be a stray find from a later period, and he quotes the dating of Milton Loch 1 as a parallel. All the same, this is the only Roman stray find from the Isle of Man, and it is a remarkable coincidence that it should have been dropped where it was if all occupation had ceased. There is a great deal in this volume to stimulate speculation, not least as regards the relationship between Bersu's sites and other quite different ones in the vicinity which were certainly or probably at least in part contemporary. The basis for discussion is now fully available, very well presented, and our thanks are due to those who have made the publication possible.


I have chosen this paper largely because of my admiration for Alice Stewart with whom I worked for a while at the University of Birmingham after she had retired from Oxford. Retirement was a purely relative term so far as Alice was concerned and she continued to work at a pace and with a zeal which left many of us amazed and exhausted. She was then working on the effects of low level radiation on workers at a nuclear submarine base but she will probably be best remembered for establishing the relation between in utero radiation and childhood leukaemia. The study that we reprint here was undertaken in war time when "more attention had been paid to the strength of the walls and the completeness of the blackout than to the state of the atmosphere." Despite massive exposures to carbon tetrachloride it is interesting to note that the workers appeared in good health despite the severity and duration of their symptoms. Stewart and Witts describe a good many of the symptoms, which were rediscovered two or three decades later when they were referred to as the "solvent syndrome"; these include loss of mental agility, inertia, memory deficits, depression, irritability, excessive fatiguability, and drowsiness. Another striking observation-and one which might have been heeded by later investigators-was "the speed with which symptoms disappeared when workers were removed from the plant." Another point of interest was the appearance in the workforce of an antipathy to any smell that reminded them of the chemical works. The workers developed a sensitivity to carbon tetrachloride, so much so that a plant chemist (who later became an important figure in occupational medicine in his


Visual SLAM - Simultaneous Localization and Mapping - in dynamic environments typically relies on identifying and masking image features on moving objects to prevent them from negatively affecting performance. Current approaches are suboptimal: they either fail to mask objects when needed or, on the contrary, mask objects needlessly. Thus, we propose a novel SLAM that learns when masking objects improves its performance in dynamic scenarios. Given a method to segment objects and a SLAM, we give the latter the ability of Temporal Masking, i.e., to infer when certain classes of objects should be masked to maximize any given SLAM metric. We do not make any priors on motion: our method learns to mask moving objects by itself. To prevent high annotations costs, we created an automatic annotation method for self-supervised training. We constructed a new dataset, named ConsInv, which includes challenging real-world dynamic sequences respectively indoors and outdoors. Our method reaches the state of the art on the TUM RGB-D dataset and outperforms it on KITTI and ConsInv datasets.


Gastrodin (1), a phenolic glucoside was isolated from Gastrodia data B1. It showed significant sedative and hypnotic aotivities in mice. The synthetio specimen exhibits the same activities and m. p., UV, IR, NMR data as natural gastrodin does. The present paper describes the synthescs of gastrodin and relatet compounds [2-methoxy-4-hydro-xymethylphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 2-methoxy-4-formylphenyl-β-D-gluco-pyranoside (3) and 4-formylphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4)].


The neosystemic curricular metatheory comprised in this book constitutes a logically and historically based epistemological bridge between science, contemporary culture and the school curriculum in a society of knowledge and information. This model teaches how to think about the curriculum through an alternative curricular and pedagogical model of thought which allows for the design and reevaluation of contemporary curricular theories, models and praxis, from a novel, scientiic, and ideological substratum, inviting us to assume a new attitude regarding contemporary times. This way of thinking leads to an actual change in time; overcoming its current historical features of exploitation and exclusion, and adopting a feature of emancipation, that accomplishes its mission as "a means of liberation". Therefore, this model of thinking offers us a new paradigm of curricular criticism, contemporized with technical and scientiic development, particularly with information and communication technology, which activates the roles of education programmers and


The instability against emission of fermionic particles by the trapping horizon of an evolving black hole is analyzed and confirmed using the Hamilton-Jacobi tunneling method. This method automatically selects one special expression for the surface gravity of a changing horizon. The results also apply to point masses embedded in an expanding universe. As a bonus of the tunneling method, we gain the insight that the surface gravity still defines a temperature parameter as long as the evolution is sufficiently slow that the black-hole pass through a sequence of quasi-equilibrium states, and that black holes should be semi-classically unstable even in a hypothetical world without bosonic fields.


The absence of a chapter on theater in several major books on postmodernism suggest that drama's place in the debate regarding the relations between modernism and postmodernism remains open. This debate, which centers on the question of whether postmodernism represents a complete break with modernism, or is merely a radicalized form of modernist trends, has apparently been taciturn with respect to the theater. And in the relatively few instances where theater is discussed, the tendency is to reassess the canon of modernist drama in light of postmodern theory, rather than to focus on new postmodern dramatic works. This situation implies that theater either has not produced major contemporary playwrights to match the fertility and diversity of modernism (Stanislavsky, Strindberg, Pirandello, Brecht, Artaud, Genet, Beckett, Ionesco, Durrenmatt, and many more), or that we have failed to recognize within modernist theater the advent of postmodernism.


Contemporary single-cell technologies produce data with a vast number of variables at a rapid pace, making large volumes of high-dimensional data available. The exploratory analysis of such high dimensional data can be aided by intuitive low dimensional visualizations. In this work, we investigate how both discrete and continuous structures in single cell data can be captured using the recently proposed dimensionality reduction method SONG, and compare the results with commonly used methods UMAP and PHATE. Using simulated and real-world datasets, we observed that SONG preserves a variety of patterns including discrete clusters, continuums, and branching structures. More importantly, SONG produced more/equally insightful visualizations compared to UMAP and PHATE in all considered datasets. We also quantitatively validate the high-dimensional pairwise distance preservation ability of these visualization methods in the low dimensional space for the generated visualizations.


The title compounds 2 were prepared by treating 2-(acetylamino)-3-pyrrolecarbonitriles 1 with a mixture of phosphorus pentoxide, N,N-dimethylcyclohexanamine, and an appropriate arylamine hydrochloride at 150–180°C. The importance of using absolutely anhydrous arylamine hydrochlorides is stressed because failing this, 4-(arylamino)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 4 can be formed as by-products. – The results from pesticide and anticancer screenings are reported.

Phosphorpentoxid in der Organischen Synthese, VII. - Synthese von 3-Aryl-3,7-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-iminen

Durch Umsetzung von 2-(Acetylamino)-3-pyrrolcarbonitrilen 1 mit einer Mischung von Phosphorpentoxid, N,N-Dimethylcyclohexanamin und einem geeigneten Arylamin-hydrochlorid bei 150–180 °C werden die Titelverbindungen 2 erhalten. Das verwendete Arylamin-hydrochlorid mus absolut wasserfrei sein, da anderenfalls 4-(Arylamino)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine 4 als Nebenprodukte entstehen konnen. – Die Ergebnisse der Prufung auf Pestizid- und Antikrebs-Wirksamkeit werden mitgeteilt.


PHM4 COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSFUSING BLOOD PLATELETS PREPARED WITH PATHOGEN INACTIVATION TREATMENT IN CHINA Staginnus U, Russell S Premor Associates, New York, NY, USA; Premor Associates, Madrid, Spain OBJECTIVE: Viral transmission of current (e.g., HIV) infectious blood-borne pathogens via platelet transfusion is high in China, and emerging pathogens (e.g., SARS) continue to threaten the blood supply despite recent advances in blood-banking procedures and security. The INTERCEPT Blood System (IBS) for platelets has been developed to further reduce pathogen transmission risks during platelet transfusions. The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of using random-donor platelets (RDP) processed with IBS in China. METHODS: A literature-based decision analysis model was used to assess the cost-effectiveness of the IBS in four patient populations that account for most of the platelet usage in China: 1) a ten-year old male with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL); 2) a 50-year old male with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL); 3) a 60-year old male undergoing heart bypass surgery (CABG); and 4) a 70-year old female undergoing a hip arthroplasty. Pathogen exposure included HIV, HCV, HBV and bacterial contamination. The model compared projected quality-adjusted life-year saved (QALY) and costs for patients receiving untreated vs. treated platelets. RESULTS: The incremental cost per QALY gained by using RDP + IBS vs. RDP ranged in the most conservative scenario from Yuan321,000–Yuan4,665,000. Sensitivity analysis including transmission rates reported from epidemic regions improved the cost-effectiveness dramatically ranging from Yuan38,000–Yuan565,000. The model was most sensitive to the rate of HIV transmission and the mortality from bacterial infection. CONCLUSION: IBS for platelets would be a cost-effective measure to improve blood safety in China. Given the relatively high risk of HIV and other viral agents in China as compared to developed countries, and the recent history of emerging and migrating viruses, pathogen inactivation with IBS may be considered as a desirable strategy to significantly improve the safety of platelet transfusions.


A novel algorithm is proposed for extracting sharp features automatically from scanned 3D data of man-made CAD-like objects. The input of our method consists of a mesh or an unstructured point cloud that is captured on the object surface. First, the vector between a given point and the centroid of its neighborhood at a given scale is projected on the normal vector and called the 'projected distance' at this point. This projected distance is calculated for every data point. In a second stage, Otsu's method is applied to the histogram of the projected distances in order to select the optimal threshold value, which is used to detect potential sharp features at a single scale. These two stages are applied iteratively with the other incremental scales. Finally, points recorded as potential features at every scale are marked as valid sharp features. The method has many advantages over existing methods such as intrinsic simplicity, automatic selection of threshold value, accurate and robust detection of sharp features on various objects. To demonstrate the robustness of the method, it is applied on both synthetic and real 3D data of point clouds and meshes with different noise levels.


This article proposes a pedagogical strategy to develop proficiency in writing and comprehension in native and foreign languages. It is a pilot project which intends to explore, develop, build, collect, select, analyze, and prepare an action plan for that purpose. The strategy is being used at a Federal Institute in Brazil—IF Sudeste MG, Rio Pomba campus. The subjects involved in this process of investigation are students of two classes who attend their first year at High School integrated to technical courses. The methodology involves the use of a school journal as a teaching and learning resource to encourage literary reading and the production of different genres. The goal is to establish an interaction between the reading and writing mediated by a young and playful context offering an additional instrument for instruction, aimed at the use and reflection of the language.


The development of a matrix pulse wave (PW) analyzer becamea reality thanks to the implementation of a 3-point PW sensorin 2017, when the test results of the mock-up sample were published.Later, a mobile medical device, which was given provisionalname the Pranayama Gadget, was designed and developed byour research team. It is the first mobile medical device capableof tracing undistorted PW of the radial artery.Our article presents some algorithms for processing the PWsignal, based on the authors long-term research in the field ofmeasurement and analysis of the PW signals. In particular, a bigrole in the development of this discipline is played by the newspline base of PW reference patterns that forms the basis forthe digital pulse diagnostics.


We present a theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration of the combined effects of polarization attraction and Raman amplification in isotropic optical fibers. The polarization attraction is based on four-wave mixing interaction of counterpropagating waves.


Multicriteria formulations that have been reported previously in topology design of compliant mechanisms address flexibility and stiffness issues simultaneously and aim to attain an optimal balance between these two conflicting attributes. Such techniques are successful in indirectly controlling the local stress levels by constraining the input displacement. Individual control on the conflicting objectives is often difficult to achieve with these flexibility-stiffness formulations. Resultant topologies may sometimes be overly stiff, and there is no guarantee against failure. Local stresses may exceed the permissible yield strength of the constituting material in such designs. In this article, local failure conditions relating to stress constraints are incorporated in topology optimization algorithms to obtain compliant and strong designs. Quality functions are employed to impose stress constraints on retained material, ignoring nonexisting regions in the design domain. Stress constraints are further relaxed to regularize the design space to help the mathematical programming algorithms based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions yield improved solutions. Examples are solved to corroborate the solutions for failure-free compliant topologies that are much improved in comparison to those obtained using flexibility-stiffness multicriteria objectives. *Communicated by S. Azarm.


between the services and even within individual services. In other words, it is clear from all accounts that innovation is as much a social phenomenon as a technical one. The essays reinforce the simple fact that, during times of national survival, such as the U-boat threat in World War II, (strategic) necessity is the mother of (military) invention or innovation, and indicate not only how the usual social, political, technological and financial constraints were successfully overcome, but how the three services were able to cooperate very well together when required. This was in stark contrast to the initial postwar period when there was no immediate threat to speak of, and which became characterized instead by a lack of direction, inter-service rivalry and intense competition for limited defence funds. And although this rather unfortunate lack of cooperation between the three services comes up frequently in the essays, it is probably fair to say that the failure to collaborate in most instances was an understandable response to the limited capacity of Great Britain to sustain all its possible defence options. and the long-standing political processes used to allocate scarce public resources. Still, it serves as a timely reminder of the damaging effects this can have, not only on the process of innovation but very importantly in this day and age, on the reputation of the profession of arms as well. The presentation of the publication is of a high standard with but a small number of editorial errors evident. The only minor criticisms are that apart from the essay in chapter 1, the book could have used more photographs and other visual aids to illustrate certain points as well as to break up the text. It would also have benefited from a list of acronyms and abbreviations to assist those not completely familiar with the specialized military field. Finally, it should be said that one or two of the essays, while highly informative and historically rich, do not address the overall theme as systematically as the others. The last essay, on "electronics and the RN," is the most obvious instance of this. Nonetheless, the book provides a fascinating historical analysis of how the RN was able to harness technological advancements and make the fundamental changes to capability that were required in order to ensure that it remained one of the largest, most comprehensive and powerful fleets in the world over the period in question. For this reason it will be of immense value not only to historians wishing to conduct further research into the issues raised, but especially to defence planners and policy makers who are interested in applying the lessons learned to their own navies and defence forces generally.


In the framework of a standard structural credit portfolio model, we investigate the Monte Carlo based estimation of capital allocation according to expected shortfall. We develop and analyze several variance reduction techniques based on importance sampling, analytic approximations of portfolio loss distributions and a semi-analytical allocation technique. The focus of the paper is on the application of these techniques to large credit portfolios used in economic capital calculations. Our results show that the inherent numerical problems of expected shortfall allocation can be overcome and, as a consequence, economic capital allocation according to expected shortfall is a viable option for financial institutions.


One of fundamental problem in the task of mining streaming data is the concept drift over time. Such data Streams may also exhibit high and varying degrees of class imbalance, which can further complicate the task. In scenarios like these, class imbalance is particularly difficult to overcome and has not been as thoroughly studied. Most of the studies on classification of data streams assume relatively balanced and stable data streams but cannot handle well rather skewed streams which are typical in many data stream applications. Class imbalance in such skewed data streams can be seen in many real world applications. In such scenarios learning from skewed data streams results in classifier biased towards the majority class which results in misclassification of minority class examples, since in these scenarios minority class examples are too less than the majority class. The losses associated with misclassification of minority classes can be higher in some applications. In this paper we present our preliminary work to deal with classification of the data streams with skewed distribution of classes.


ABSTRACT The effect of butyl acrylate (BA), divinyl benzene (DVB) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (TMVS) on the thermal properties of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) was investigated. Glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm) and specific heat capacity of the copolymers were investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Thermal stability of the copolymers which is associated with the degradation temperature (Td) was studied by Thermogravimetric Analysis. Polyacrylates with Tg ranges between -19°Cand 19°C were obtained. With the incorporation of >7 wt% of DVB, the Tg of the copolymer increases from about −17°C to −10°C even though they have not undergone UV irradiation. Gel content results prove that crosslinking has occurred in the copolymers. With increasing amount of TMVS from 0 wt% to 7 wt%, the Tm of the copolymers prepared at acidic pH is about 40-60°C higher than that at the alkaline pH. However, the addition of TMVS gives no significant effect to the Tg and Td of the copolymer films. The thermal stability of the copolymer has improved with increasing amount of BA and DVB, with DVB being more effective. The highest Td of 425°C with 8% of DVB has been obtained. Consequently, a polyacrylate copolymer with a Tg of about −13°C, a Tm of 170 °C and a Td of about 424°C has been successfully synthesized. Hence, the soft polyacrylate with its relatively high Tm and Td could serve as a superb material especially to be applied in the areas that require high melting temperature and good thermal stability.


A circuit arrangement for operating at least one LED with - an input having a first (E1) and a second input terminal (E2) for coupling to a DC supply voltage (U - an output having a first (A1) and a second output terminal (A2) for providing an output current (I - a micro-mirror assembly (12) comprising a plurality of micro mirrors; - provide a first control device (16) which is designed, at its output a first control signal (S - a switching regulator (10) whose input is connected to the first (E1) and the second input terminal (E2) and the output of the first (A1) and the second output terminal (A2) is coupled, wherein the switching regulator (10) (a switch S1) comprises; and - a second control device (18) which is adapted to a second control signal at its output (S


Three new species of the Simpsonichthys antenori group from the upper sections of eastern drainages of the middle rio Sao Francisco, serra do Espinhaco, are described. Simpsonichthys janaubensis, new species, from the rio Gorutuba floodplains, upper rio Verde Grande drainage, shares a derived color pattern of anal fin in males with S. flavicaudatus and S. flagellatus, but differs from them in having a more slender body, a shorter anal-fin base, and a distinctive color pattern of the dorsal fin in males. Simpsonichthys mediopapillatus, new species, from the rio Sao Domingos drainage, a part of the upper rio Verde Grande drainage, is similar to S. ghisolfii in having a long urogenital papilla and a light orangish-yellow subdistal stripe on the anal fin in males, and it is distinguished from all congeners in having a median neuromast on the posterior rostral series. Simpsonichthys macaubensis, new species, from the upper rio Paramirim drainage, differs from other species of the S. antenori group by a combination of features, including presence of contact organs on the flank in males, dorsal and anal-fin filaments reaching central portion of caudal fin in males, urogenital papilla short in males, and anal fin yellow, with a distal black stripe and iridescent dots over the entire fin in males. A key for identification of species of the S. antenori group is provided.


ON POLYMER PREPARED STATE ELECTRICITY IN DISSOLVING OR DISPERSING MONOMER IN THE FORM OF AN AROMATIC OR DERIVATIVE THEREOF AND ELECTROLYTE IN A MEDIUM POLAR ORGANIC BY PERFORMING ANODE OXIDATION ELECTRO-CHEMICAL IN THE SOLUTION OR RESULTING RELEASE IN THE PRESENCE OF AT LEAST ONE METAL ION FOR CONDUCTING POLYMER eLECTRICITY, AND sEPARATING POLYMER OBTAINED. SUCH IS SELECTED FROM METAL ION ION COPPER, SILVER BIVALENT ION, ION TRIVALENT IRON, MANGANESE ION TRIVALENT, RUTHENIUM ION, ION ION RHENIUM AND RHODIUM. APPLICATION TO FILMS IN PREPARATION POLYMER HIGH ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY.


Recently MRS has been an effective tool for aiding the radiological diagnosis of brain tumor. In this study, our purpose is to evaluate whether we could get a good predictive accuracy by applying different pattern recognition techniques. The classification target is the following four categories: normal tissue, low-grade glioma, high-grade glioma and metastasis. LCModel is used to quantify the in vivo spectra data. The classifiers select different metabolite concentration as input features based on the classification target and statistical analysis result. In general, this study achieves quite good performance for each category. The accurate rate exceeds 95% except for low grade glioma versus high grade glioma, which is hard to distinguish in clinical. The classifier of LS-SVM with an RBF kernel obtains 87.7% accuracy by lipids and lactate as features. Combination MRS with MRI could maybe improve the accuracy.


The authors report their experience in the use of surgery for the treatment of dysphonia plica ventricularis, the vocal disorder which results when enlargement of the ventricular folds impairs true vocal cord apposition. Diagnosis was made by means of microlaryngoscopy under local anesthesia applying neuroleptic drugs. Surgery was reserved for those patients whose mucosal hypertrophy did not respond to medications, psychotherapy and persistent speech exercises. The surgical technique employed consisted of grasping the central portion of the ventricular fold, pulling it medially, and excising the triangular portion of mucosa thus exposed. The underlying vocal cord was used as a point of reference for the excision. The raw surface was observed to reepithelialize rapidly. Cortisone inhalations were administered postoperatively in order to decrease the chance of scar formation. The 25 patients treated in this manner have done well during the one to four year follow-up period.


During the latter half of the 20th century, the prevalence of asthma and many other allergic diseases has increased. Information on asthma prevalence trends among adults after 2010, especially regarding studies separating allergic asthma from non‐allergic asthma, is lacking.


At the turn of this century, cultural insti tutions, and museums in particular, face great competition for acquiring new au diences and retaining a faithful clientele. The economic reality which requires peo ple to work longer hours to maintain the desired standards of living, combined with a growing repertoire of leisure ac tivities to choose from, and the increased availability of information from sources on the web pages make this task espe cially challenging. The notion that people are drawn to museums out of a natural need or hunger for knowledge is perhaps more of a utopic metaphor than a physiological or cogni tive reality. With compulsory schooling being the universal avenue for formal acquisition of knowledge as well as trans mission of societal heritage and values in Western societies, the role of museums in satisfying the general "need to know" is certainly only auxiliary. Even though museums' mission to preserve the heri tage and to document and exhibit high lights of human and natural creations intersects with the broad aims of public education, the use and exploration of museum resources remain optional. Yet, as Vallance (1995) noted, museums can offer important opportunities for devel opment of "skills for a lifetime of learning, learning that is sometimes most effective when it is unexpected and informal" (p. 4). Consequently, it is essential for mu seums and other cultural institutions to actively seek ways to attract new audi ences and offer themselves as a pre ferred choice among learning sites and leisure options for their clientele. In this context, early positive experi ences with museums and visitation habits


La Pampa's rabbit basin is situated in the centre of the Argentine Republic (at 35° and 39°S), and since the year 2000 has been receiving support from International Cooperation Programs with the purpose of implementing an "integrated farmed rabbit breeding model." The aim of the project is to help impoverished population sectors that have been deeply affected by the country serious social crisis. Among the most vulnerable sectors considered, young people at risk or in legal trouble with the criminal law are included. The main objective was to develop a production chain – production and distribution of rabbit meat - characterized by high levels of environmental and ethological compatibility, sustainability, and social utility. The model is based on the principle of permanent professional training and information updating for chain operators, a "rural" and "multifunctional" production and the re-investment of part of the profits on other sustainable and socially useful projects. The Productive Model receives support from municipal and provincial governments and has set up a Professional Development and Training Centre, which offers permanent advice to rural operators by a technical team. From the productive point of view, a Pilot Centre for the production of rabbit (New Zeland x California) meat was developed, including an Artificial Insemination Centre and a Professional-Technical Assistance Centre. There is a slaughter house complying with all the national regulations for the home market and, in the near future, for export. The producers of the basin organized themselves into: an Association (30 members) and 33 producers "in training" (5 young ex-convicts, 10 young in legal trouble, 14 young persons coming from Minority Programs for youth at risk without relapsing into crime, 4 women "family chief" .


Cucumber,watermelon,sweet peppers and Chinese cabbage seeds were coated with 10% imidacloprid seed coating fomulation.The influence of seed coating theatment on the seed quality and storage effects were studied.The results showed that it had not negatively influence on emergence of coated seed in the yield.Also it had no significant reduction on germination of coated seed stored for one year at room temperature.Watermelon coated seed at different product/seeds rate went through treatment of artificial ageing under the condition of 40℃.The results showed that seed germination had no significant differences compared with control when processing time was less than 20 days.But seed germination of all treatment had greatly reduction compared with control when processing time was 30 days.The germination rate of coated seed at 1 g production/10 seeds was 37% but 100% in control.This study showed that in order to control pests without affecting the seed quality,it was necessary to use imidacloprid seed coating fomulation with suitable product/seeds rate.


Thank you very much for downloading speaking from the heart gender and the social meaning of emotion. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen novels like this speaking from the heart gender and the social meaning of emotion, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their computer.


This paper explains the motivation for a proposed course design for marine safety and environmental protection professionals in the United States Coast Guard (CG). The course is intended to build competency in risk-based decision-making under a distance learning (DL), continuing education format. The course design is, first and foremost, contextual by working from prototypical representations of the decision-making problems that are encountered within the CG's Marine Safety Offices. From these representations the concepts, methodology and tools for effective risk-based decisionmaking are introduced. The result is an integration of material from decision/risk analysis, information technology and stakeholder negotiations. (The views presented in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official view of the United States Coast Guard.)


Establishing a population-wide linked data project is a complex task and requires long term vision and investment. It is therefore necessary to ensure that in the event of NSW undertaking such an exercise, costly mistakes are avoided, and that our research capabilities are improved and subsequently, informed resource allocation decision making is enhanced. Using the experiences gained in the design and establishment of the Manitoba Population Health Information System (POPULIS), this paper will examine what value linked data can add to Australian and NSW health care policy debates. Starting with a description of POPULIS, we analyse the lessons learned from the Manitoba experience and assess whether its successes can be replicated in NSW. The aim of this paper is to draw out the strengths and weaknesses of the current NSW (and Australian) data collections and test whether linkage enhances the likelihood that some important policy questions can be addressed. The paper also proposes possible options for overcoming some identifi ed limitations. Although linked data can be used for a variety of research efforts, the focus of this paper is its use in health services and health economics research. In particular, we examine how a future NSW data linkage project could assist in addressing issues of resource allocation, access, equity, utilisation and improve our understanding of the health care system's impact on health outcomes. Whilst there is little doubt that linked data has the potential to assist in our understanding of improving effi ciency and equity within the health care system, the extent to which this occurs in reality depends on the validity and accuracy of the data and the links between data.


Data integration facilities along with decrease in the quantified operational health information occurs due to stuck in hospital admission. Exchanging of information resources has an immense significance due to 3 critical capabilities. These can be enlisted as information swap over through electronic connectivity, interoperability, and compromising under prescribed medication, in which automated systems are involved to solve pathological discrepancies. Along with all these concern about patient safety is taken care of by this startegy. The substantial awareness can be resulted in computational methods and tools which are quite capable for rendering guidance to health care services more resourcefully, which further leads the advancement and execution of intellectual systems within the therapeutic domain. Exchanging of data in the Web can be complies with Resource Description Framework (RDF) and ontology's. RDF has the capability of capturing information content instead of considering the syntax. Inferential support and transformational approach is feasible by deploying RDF. Facilitation of data by evolution and merging phenomenon can be utilised by the involvement of RDF though schemas variation exists. Semantic interoperability is achieved either by applying standardisation or by translation. Though standardisation is quite acceptable but due to time annihilation transformation in lieu of modernisation is acceptable more. Strategically, realistic approach of semantic interoperability comprises both standards and translations. Conceptual classes, their interrelations, instances and axioms exist in Ontology.


The official results analysis of the Congolese presidential elections in 2011 aims at studying behavior displayed by voters towards the selected mode of poll. This reveals that most of them carry out a strategic vote because feeling, in an intuitive way, weaknesses of a single member voting system. This paper characterizes congolese voters' behavior by province and reveals, in addition, that there would be a mechanism making it possible to pass from a preferences profile to another which would facilitate inductions. New concepts were brought there, in particular the preferences transformation function (PTF) and the Pseudo-Condorcet Winner of (PCW).


Substituted phenylpiperazines are often neuropharmacologically active compounds and in many cases are essential pharmacophores of neuroligands for different receptors such as D 2 -like dopaminergic, serotoninergic and other receptors. Nucleophilic, no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) 18 F-labelling of these ligands in an aromatic position is desirable for studying receptors with in vivo molecular imaging. 1-(4-[ 18 was synthesized in two reaction steps starting by 18 F-labelling of a iodobenzene-iodonium precursor, followed by Pd-catalyzed N -arylation of the intermediate 4-[ 18


The safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an energetic oilseed with high oil contents ranging between 35 to 48% and has high adaptability to dry and arid regions, may be a good alternative source for biofuel production in the Brazilian semiarid. The methyl biodiesel was obtained via transesterification reaction of the oil from two safflower varieties: one with 76,87% of oleic acid (C18:1) and another with 60,1% of linoleic acid (C18:2). The reactional conditions for obtaining of biofuel from both varieties were: 2% of catalyst (KOH), preheating oil to 50 C, with moderate agitation for 1 hour and a ratio of 1:6 oil/methanol. In these reactional conditions was possible to obtain conversions rates in esters of 97,58% for the biodiesel of oleic safflower (BOS) and 98,61% for the biodiesel of linoleic safflower (BLS). Were investigated all the quality parameters required by the ANP (National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels) for the biodiesels, in order to viabilize its use by total or partial replacement of petroleum diesel. Was carried thermo-oxidative test by method in oven at 65 C for 25 days of continuous exposure, showing that the biodiesel of the oleic safflower variety (BOS) presented better results of resistance to thermal degradation, reaching the limit of 100 meq/Kg in 360 h, while the biodiesel of the linoleic safflower variety (BLS) exceeded this limit in less than 72 h. The same was evidenced in the Rancimat test, where the BOS showed oxidative stability of 3,6 h, while the BLS exhibited a stability of only 1 h (what was expected, since this have higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially the linoleic acid). The test of generator engine was done by comparing the consumption of diesel (0.679 L/h) with the blends consumption (diesel/biodiesel); where the mixtures of Diesel/BOS presented the following consumption: 0,646 (B5); 0,554 (B20); 0,632 (B50); 0,658 (B70) and 0,687 (B100); against 0,663 (B5); 0,564 (B20); 0,643 (B50); 0,658 (B70) and 0,692 (B100) for the blends of Diesel/BLS. Practically all the parameters evaluated in this comparative study indicate the superiority of the biodiesel from the oleic safflower oil in relation to the variety of linoleic safflower.


Mobile robot path planning is a nondeterministic polynomial time (NP) problem, traditional optimization methods are not very effective to it, which are easy to plunge into local minimum. In this paper, we devise an evolutionary algorithm to solve the robot path planning problem. In the present work, we propose a method of robot path planning in partially unknown environments based on shuffled frog leaping (SFL) optimization algorithm. The proposed algorithm allows a mobile robot to navigate through static obstacles and finds its path in order to reach from its initial position to the target without collision. We firstly transform the problem of robot path planning into a minimization one, and then define the fitness of a frog based on the positions of the target and the obstacles in the environment. The position of the globally best frog in each iterative is selected, and reached by the robot in sequence. In addition, the environment is partially unknown for the robot due to the limit detection range of its sensors. The robot processor updates its information during the motion. We perform some simulations in different static environments, and the results show that the robot reaches its target with colliding free obstacles. The optimal path is generated with this method when the robot reaches its target. We implement our simulations on khepera II mobile robot in webots™ simulator environment.


We consider a set up where a file of size $M$ is stored in $n$ distributed storage nodes, using an (n,k) minimum storage regenerating (MSR) code, i.e., a maximum distance separable (MDS) code that also allows efficient exact-repair of any failed node. The MDS property ensures that the original file can be reconstructed even if any $n-k$ storage nodes fail. When a node fails, a new node collects data from the remaining n-1 healthy nodes and repairs the failed node. The problem of interest in this paper is to minimize the repair bandwidth B for exact regeneration of the failed node, i.e., the minimum data to be downloaded by the new node to replace the failed node by its exact replica. Previous work has shown that with random network coding, a bandwidth of B=M(n-1/(k(n-k)) is necessary and sufficient for functional (not exact) regeneration, i.e., if the repaired new node need not be exactly identical to the failed node, but only information equivalent to it. It has also been shown using interference alignment based techniques that if $k \leq \max(n/2, 3)$ then, surprisingly, there is no extra cost of exact regeneration over functional regeneration and the same repair bandwidth of M(n-1)/(k(n-k)) suffices for exact regeneration. The practically relevant setting of low-redundancy, i.e., k/n>1/2 remained open for k>3 and it has been shown that there is an extra bandwidth cost for exact repair over functional repair in this case. In this work, we adopt into the distributed storage context an asymptotically optimal interference alignment scheme previously proposed by Cadambe and Jafar for large wireless interference networks. With this scheme we solve the problem of repair bandwidth minimization for (n,k) exact-MSR codes for all (n,k) values including the previously open case of k > max(n/2,3). Our main result is that, for any (n,k), and sufficiently large file sizes, there is no extra cost of exact regeneration over functional regeneration in terms of the repair bandwidth per bit of regenerated data. More precisely, we show that $\lim_{M\to \infty} \frac{B}{M} = \frac{n-1}{k(n-k)}$. The result is analogous to the wireless interference channel setting where exact interference alignment through linear beamforming is seen to be infeasible for more than 3 users, but almost perfect alignment is achieved asymptotically by the Cadambe-Jafar scheme over a large number of signaling dimensions for any number of users.


The power of Beidou satellite signals is very low, so it is vulnerable to interfering sources and in the presence of jamming. Therefore, a robust constrained inverse beamforming algorithm based on space-time adaptive processing is proposed, which can not only reduce the sidelobe level to suppress interference better, but also achieve the lower complexity, and then introducing the steering vector uncertainty set model into the algorithm to improve its stability. In the simulation, the proposed algorithm can be verified to have good beamforming capability and higher signal-to-interference noise ratio (SINR) improvement even in the case of low signal to noise ratio (SNR) and high interference to noise ratio (INR).


The invention relates to a manufacturing process of a graphene transparent conductive film. The manufacturing method includes the steps of 1), uncoiling a copper foil in a vacuum chamber, heating a copper-clad chemical deposition reaction zone by using a resistor, feeding in methane gas and hydrogen, subjecting a copper-clad surface to chemical sedimentation to generate a graphene layer, and then adopting plasma to perform etching processing on the graphene layer; 2), adopting a gravure printing process to obtain an oxidize graphene layer; 3), obtaining an oxide graphene film; 4), coating a copper chloride etching solution which is 200g/L in concentration on a copper-clad face of the oxidize graphene film; 5), subjecting the oxidize graphene film to thermal annealing and reduction; 6), coating resin adhesive, sticking the film for packaging, and finally obtaining the patterned graphene transparent conductive film. The manufacturing process is short in film forming time, and low-cost and large-scale mass manufacturing can be realized; the graphene transparent conduction film is high in electric conductivity, good in flexibility, high in pattern definition, higher in acid and alkali resistance of the transparent conductive film and lower in cost.