Palestine faces economic and political issues such as conflict, siege and urbanization; all these have led to an increase in the air pollution over Gaza Strip. In this study, Particulate matter 10 (PM10) concentrations over Gaza Strip has been estimated by Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data, based on a multispectral algorithm. Simultaneously, in-situ measurements for the corresponding particulate are acquired for selected time period. Landsat and ground data for eleven years are used to develop the algorithm while four years data (2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014) have been used to validate the results of algorithm. The developed algorithm gives highest regression, R coefficient value i.e. 0.86; RMSE value as 9.71 ?g/m?; P values as 0. Average validation of algorithm show that calculated PM10 strongly correlates with measured PM10, indicating high efficiency of algorithm for the mapping of PM10 concentration during the years 2000 to 2014. Overall results show increase in minimum, maximum and average yearly PM10 concentrations, also presents similar trend over urban area. The rate of urbanization has been evaluated by supervised classification of the Landsat image. Urban sprawl from year 2000 to 2014 results in a high concentration of PM10 in the study area.


The hard X-ray source IGR J16318-4848 was recently discovered by the INTEGRAL observatory (Courvoisier et al.) and subsequently uncovered in archival data of ASCA observations in 1994 (Murakami et al.). We present results of a detailed analysis of the ASCA data. The spectrum of the source in the 0.5–10 keV band is extraordinarily hard and is virtually unobservable below 4 keV because of strong photoabsorption (nHL > 4 · 10 cm−2). The 4–10 keV emission is dominated by a Kα line of neutral or weakly ionized iron with an equivalent width of ∼ 2.5 keV. There is also an indication for a second line at ∼ 7 keV. Our analysis of archival observations of the IGR J16318-4848 infrared counterpart, discovered by Foschini et al., shows that the point source is detected at different wavelengths in the 1–15 μm range. The available data suggest that IGR J16318-4848 is an X-ray binary system enshrouded by a dense envelope. It is possible that the source is a wind-fed high-mass X-ray binary similar to GX 301-2. We argue that IGR J16318-4848 might be the first representative of a previously unknown population of highly absorbed galactic X-ray sources, which remained undetected with X-ray missions before INTEGRAL.


Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy has been widely applied in the characterization of dissolved organic matter(DOM). The complicated overlapping between a variety of fluorescent substances in the fluorescence excitation-emission matrix dataset is difficult to further qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the characterization, source and the correlations of fluorescent components with specific environmental behaviors.Several data analysis methods for the excitationemission matrix spectrum, including traditional peak-picking, fluorescence regional integration(FRI) and parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC) were reviewed. In addition, a latest study on the combination of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)/high-performance size-exclusion chromatography(HPSEC) with fluorescence and PARAFAC was also introduced.Meanwhile a comprehensive comparison was conducted for these methods. The development direction of three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy was also prospected.


Granular materials are usually used in low traffic pavement structures as base layer or sub-base layer. The influence of the fine content on mechanical behavior is significant as well as the water content. In this study, based on the test results, a proposed empirical-analytical model was used to determine the permanent axial deformations of Missillac sand in repeated load triaxial tests (RLTTs). The model was also used to simulate the other experimental results existing in the literature. Globally, the results show a good capacity of model to estimate the permanent deformation behavior of granular materials.


These are the notes for a sequence of two talks given in the Student Commutative Algebra Seminar at the University of Michigan in October 2017. The goal of these notes is to introduce the classes of divisorial, quasi-monomial, and Abhyankar valuations and discuss the proof of a theorem of Ein–Lazarsfeld–Smith [ELS03, Proposition 2.8], which states that Abhyankar and quasi-monomial valuations coincide in characteristic zero. The presentation is also heavily inspired by [JM12, Dat17]. 1. Basics on Valuations Let k be a field and let K/k be a finitely-generated field extension. The setting of interest is when K/k is not finite, in which K is the function field of a quasi-projective variety over k. Definition 1.1. A model of K/k is a variety X over k such that K ' k(X) as fields over k. It is easy to see that models exist: if y1, . . . , yn ∈ K generate K as a field over k and if A denotes the k-subalgebra of K generated by y1, . . . , yn, then Spec(A) is a model for K/k. In general, there is not a unique choice of a model (indeed, this is the definition of birational equivalence), but it is often psychologically helpful to make a choice. Definition 1.2. A valuation on K/k is a function v : K → R ∪ {+∞} such that (1) v(x) = +∞ if and only if x = 0; (2) v(xy) = v(x) + v(y); (3) v(x+ y) ≥ min{v(x), v(y)}; (4) v(a) = 0 for all a ∈ k∗. In the literature, a valuation as in Definition 1.2 is often called a real valuation on K over k. Definition/Exercise 1.3. We record some basic properties on valuations, whose proof can be found e.g. in [AM69, §5]. Let v be a valuation on K/k. (1) If v(x) 6= v(y), then v(x+ y) = min{v(x), v(y)}. (2) The value group of v is the (abelian) subgroup Γv := v(K ∗) of R. (3) The valuation ring of v is the subring Rv := {x ∈ K : v(x) ≥ 0} of K; Rv is a local ring with maximal ideal mv := {x ∈ K : v(x) > 0}. (4) The residue field of v is the residue field κv of the local ring Rv, i.e. κv = Rv/mv; the residue field κv is also a field extension of k. (5) The valuation v is discrete if v(K∗) is a discrete subgroup of R (and hence, isomorphic to Z as an abelian group). In fact, the condition that v be discrete is equivalent to the valuation ring Rv being noetherian. The valuation ring Rv of a discrete valuation v is called a discrete valuation ring (dvr); this class of rings admits many nice descriptions as in e.g. [AM69, Proposition 9.2]. Date: October 2, 2017. 1In this note, a variety is an integral separated scheme of finite type over a field; in particular, a variety is irreducible.


A novel approach for face detection in video is proposed. Vision Similarity is defined to measure the relationship between video frames. Then the candidate face regions are obtained in previous video frame, which has similarity with the current frame. The local Successive Mean Quantization Transform (SMQT) and Sparse Network of Winnows (SNoW) are used on candidate regions, and the skin color segmentation is implemented for non-vision similar frames. Experimental results show that, with the candidate region, the detection algorithm has better performance on real-time procession than the previous one. And the detection accuracy is also higher than it as well.


There are a number of important unanswered questions regarding the effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication and gastric cancer. One important question is, "Does H. pylori eradication reduce the incidence of subsequent gastric cancers after endoscopic mucosal resection of early gastric cancer?" In this issue of Helicobacter , the investigators of a large study in Japan provide the rationale for their study design and plans for analyses [1]. We review their assumptions regarding the anticipated cancer incidence and what changes they expect to occur as well as the assumptions underlying the design of community-based studies. The magnitude of the expected outcome of H. pylori eradication on the incidence of gastric cancer is dependent on the population studied. In the general population, the incidence of gastric cancer increases with age. This "moving target" makes it difficult to know whether apparently successful therapy reduced or reversed the natural tendency of the incidence to increase. One would theoretically like to be able to calculate the outcome compared to the cancer incidence at the time of randomization but because the age-specific increase in incidence is exponential, one generally does not have that information. However, if one knows the age-specific gastric cancer incidence for the general population from which the sample was drawn, one can reasonably assume that the course of the control group is similar to that of the general population and one can use that available age and incidence data to estimate the cancer incidence of the patients at time zero. An example of this approach is illustrated using data from a recent Chinese study [2] and we thank Dr Benjamin C.W. Wong for providing specific data regarding cancer incidence and ages from that population. In that study, the overall incidence of gastric cancer was 147/100,000 per year. The incidence per 100,000 of gastric cancer after a follow-up of 7.5 years among those whose H. pylori infection was untreated was 180.4 (placebo group) compared to 114.2 for those who received triple therapy. The average age of the participants at the end of the 7.5-year trial was approximately 50 years. Figure 1 shows a plot of those data superimposed on the gastric cancer incidence for ages 40–65 years for Japanese men in 1970. We chose those particular data because comparable data from China were unavailable, both populations were high-risk populations, and the incidence of gastric cancer at the end of 7.5 years of follow-up in the Chinese control group was approximately the same as in Japanese men of the same age. Using the Japanese age-specific incidence data, we were able to estimate the population risk at the time of randomization as approximately 83/100,000 (Fig. 1). Using that incidence as the starting point, we then plotted the outcome of H. pylori eradication on cancer incidence in the treatment group. As shown in Fig. 1, the cancer incidence increased in both groups but the placebo group increased at a higher rate. We show the data as if the differences between the two groups continually widen with follow-up such that, as discussed in the rationale for the Japanese post-endoscopic resection study, statistical


Surface roughness can play a large role in phonon transport in nanoscale devices. Phonon scattering at a surface is often treated to be either specular, diffusive, or partially specular and partially diffuse. The observation of backscattering of gas molecules on a surface has led us to speculate that under certain conditions strong phonon backscattering can occur at a surface. Such backscattering is usually not taken into account in phonon transport simulation. In this work, Monte Carlo simulation of phonon transport is employed to investigate whether phonon backscattering can occur at the surface of a silicon nanowire with V-shaped surface roughness of various sizes.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


In the last column, we looked at three types of online discussion and ways that developmental educators can help college students learn effectively within these conversations. We analyzed type 1 discussions, in terms of online tutoring, in which the dialogue is between student and tutor. In this issue we will look at type 2 discussion, in terms of a one to many model, where the teacher creates the online conversation with the class. To put type 2 discussion in a contextual model, let's look at how teachers engage students in discussion in web-enhanced classes (Keely, 2001), also called hybrid classes (Braziller & Hegeman, 2000). These are usually face to face classes (f2f) which have added discussion forums, email, or chat to the class design; they are usually not fully online classes. However, online classes can also have type 2 discussions. Type 2 discussion may use a variety of tools. One study at the University of Minnesota in 1999 (Discussion Online, 1999) showed that 25% of courses used a chat room, 35% a bulletin board (forum), 20% a listserv, 10% MOO (Multiuser Object Oriented Environment), and only 5% email. Many classes combined several of these tools. Such type 2 discussions in web-enhanced classes can develop following Salmon's (2000) 5-step model for teaching and learning online: (a) access and motivation, (b) online socialization, (c) information sharing, (d) knowledge construction, and (e) evaluation. In a web-- enhaced class, the focus shifts more towards knowledge construction. But let's begin with step one, which emphasizes motivation, both on the part of the student and on the part of the faculty. Motivation There are several reasons faculty may want to extend the face to face classroom discussion. First is to give everyone in the class a chance to try their academic voice; second is to value the reflective thinker, who may want some time to contemplate before answering; and third is to provide ESL students a chance to process the information and formulate an answer (Brown, 1997). There simply is not enough time in class for a full blown discussion with pros and cons and in-depth exploration of the topic. Therefore, the motivation on the faculty's part may be to extend the classroom discussion, giving every student equal opportunity to participate. Student motivation requires more external rewards. They need to understand that online discussion is valued by the instructor. Most students determine the value of an activity by the grade or number of points assigned to it. According to Klemm (1998), the number one way to get students involved in online discussions is to require participation. The discussion value is further enhanced in the "students'" eyes, when the faculty participate in the conversation. The internal motivation will continue to develop as the students go through the next steps in Salmon's (2000) model and as faculty praise and model appropriate conversational behavior (Kansas State University, 2001). Online Socialization Despite the fact that students in a web-enhanced class may already know each other from their daily contact, it is still important to build an online learning community. This is a time to build a sense of trust. Students need confidence to try out their academic voices. Along with this comes the need for reassurance about spelling errors and typos. At this stage, it is important to keep the structure of the discussion consistent as students often get worried if things change too frequently (Salmon, 2000). In an attempt to build a sense of community, faculty have included such online conferences as a "student union" (e.g., an Aftermath CaM, Polito, 2001; a Writer's Cafe, a Discussion Online, 1999). These are informal arenas, where students can chat amongst themselves about things other than the course itself. The socialization period is also a good time to set the stage for how the course works. For example, Klemm (1998) informs math students about the ephemeral nature of the online discussion with statements like: Discussion boards are cleaned on a regular basis, and board posts are removed if they are not relevant or within one week, whichever comes first. …


Transgressing the Intellectual Status Quo: How Transhumanism Seeks to Overcome More than Biological Limitations Alex Hogue Transhumanists claim that their belief in building upon the humanistic values and scientific methodology of the Enlightenment mixes the core values of Humanism with views rooted in Materialism, Physicalism, and Functionalism (hereafter collectively referred to as techno-scientific Materialism) 1 in order to take control of human evolution and direct it toward becoming posthuman (More 7, Bostrom 2-3). However, the philosophical methods claimed by Transhumanists reflect a limited perspective on the philosophical influences contributing to Transhumanism, and in doing so also limit the ways in which Transhumanism attempts to go beyond the current conditions of human existence. By analyzing arguments in favor of two technological possibilities central to Transhumanism, namely mind uploading and cryonics, the techno-scientific Materialist elements of the arguments in favor of these future possibilities will fall away, exposing Transhumanism's roots in Phenomenology and German Idealism. Transhumanism thus emerges as a movement that is indeed seeking to over- come the physical and cognitive limitations of human life as it claims, but also as one that draws upon, and attempts to overcome, a two-hundred-year-long philosophical debate regarding the nature of human existence—a debate that has existed as a part of the Humanist philosophical tradition since the Enlightenment. This analysis of Transhumanism's arguments and goals reveals a more fundamental influence from the noetic metaphysics of German Idealism and Phenomenology, which reveal themselves as the true grounds for Transhumanism's ontic techno- scientific Materialist claims. These two schools of thought are often understood as philosophical opposites, but in the case of Transhumanism they are synthesized, demonstrating an attempt to overcome this long-standing philosophical dichotomy of the Humanist tradition. 1. The Transhumanist Transition to a Future Posthumanity Broadly speaking, the Transhumanist movement focuses on achieving, through incremental steps, the transcendence of the problems inherent in human existence, namely disease, aging, death, and so forth. Once these limitations on the quality and length of human life have been overcome, humans will exist as posthumans, beings who have willfully transcended the constraints of their biol- ogy through self-directed evolution. While Transhumanists ultimately desire for humans to transition into posthumans in the future, the term 'Posthumanism' is currently in use to refer to a number of concepts related to this Transhumanist goal. Posthumanism imagines and explores self-directed evolution, non-human person- hood, artificial intelligence, artificial humans, cyborgs, and other such creations of © 2016 Alex Hogue. All Rights Reserved.


A brush roll which is a flat panel and a cleaning device using thereof are provided. Flat panel cleaning apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention, the inner wall, the fastening and the inner wall and the hollow cylindrical coupling portion having a space therein, and a hollow cylindrical fastening axis of rotation passing through the space portion, a rotary shaft integral with, the fastening portion diameter and a roll brush further comprising a hollow cylindrical liquid film, and a brush having a large inner diameter than. Flat panel washing apparatus, the roll brush, a talisman, a fan


Objective To discuss the clinical effects of intravenous injection of amiodarone for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction with sustained ventricular tachycardia(VT)and ventricular fibrillation(VF).Methods From March,2008 to May 2010,96 patients with acute myocardial infarction with sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation from Emergency Department of the Hospital of Liaoning Armed Police Corps were selected as objects.They were randomly divided into observation group and control group.Observation group(intravenous injection of amiodarone treatment group,n=48) and control group(lidocaine treatment group,n=48).A retrospective analysis on treatment situations and adverse reactions was made.Results In observation group,the efficiency rate was 95.8%,relapse rate was 2.1%,incidence of adverse reactions was 8.3%,which were statistically significantly different compared with the control group(χ2=7.648,6.875,8.465,P0.05).Conclusion Intravenous injection of amiodarone for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction with sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation has the advantages of obvious clinical effects and lower incidence of adverse reactions.


OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence, complications, management, and outcome in infants with twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) over a period of five years. METHODS TTTS was diagnosed in monochorionic twins if one was pale and the other plethoric with a haemoglobin difference ⩾ 5 g/100 ml and/or birthweight differences ⩾ 15%. RESULTS Eighteen (6.2%) of the 292 twin pairs had TTTS. Eight pairs (44%) had the acute type and the rest (56%) had the chronic type of TTTS. The mean (SEM) intrapair haemoglobin difference in the acute type was 4.8 (2.1) g/100 ml which gave a discordance of 7.1 (4.6)%, whereas that in the chronic type was 6.9 (2.9) g/100 ml and 24.4 (6.1)% respectively. Infants with the acute type had a significantly higher incidence of vaginal delivery (p < 0.03), hypotension (p < 0.025), and respiratory distress (p < 0.01) compared with those with the chronic type. There was no significant difference in the incidence of anaemia, polycythaemia, asphyxia, hypoglycaemia, and hyperbilirubinaemia. Two recipients died in utero as the result of chronic TTTS, while their survivors developed spastic cerebral palsy. There were no neonatal deaths. CONCLUSIONS TTTS, although uncommon, may have an adverse neurodevelopmental outcome especially if one twin dies in utero. Prompt recognition and management of the haemodynamic and haematological problems of infants with the acute types of TTTS will result in optimal neurodevelopmental outcome.


In a field dominated by Formica polyctena Foerst. ants, we examined the effect of seed aggregation on the seed-removal rates of two plant species: a large-seeded obligate myrmecochore Viola odorata L. and a small-seeded diplochore Chelidonium majus L., which was autochorous as well as myrmecochorous. The effect was statistically non-significant in V. odorata but significant in C. majus, with more closely aggregated seeds having higher removal rates. The large seeds of the obligate myrmecochore were more quickly discovered and repeatedly removed by ant workers than were the small seeds of the diplochore.


Natural science competence of primary school teachers is one of the constituent parts of general professional competence. It is obvious that the students, would-be teachers (future teachers) of primary school, should receive considerably high education in the field of natural science education in the process of studies.
One of the most significant types of competence is supposed to be the one of primary natural science. The other types of competence (pedagogic, professional, objective, social, methodic, business, etc.) seem to be also consequential. However, the process of studies, as a rule, devotes much attention to the pedagogic-psychologic issues. The primary school teachers teach all subjects, and therefore their training is complex, specific and requires a carefully considered strategy. Primary school teacher training experience in Lithuania allows to state that natural science competence is minimum developed as it is not given enough attention. Similar problems can be noticed in other countries.


Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
It is imperative that firms develop effective knowledge management (KM) systems in order to remain competitive in today's challenging business environment. By focusing on the different KM constructs and the important associations between, organizations will become better placed to enhance overall performance.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.


We introduce a Bayesian VAR model with non-Gaussian disturbances that are modelled with a finite mixture of normal distributions. Importantly, we allow for regime switching among the different components of the mixture of normals. Our model is highly flexible and can capture distributions that are fat-tailed, skewed and even multimodal. We show that our model can generate large out-of-sample forecast gains relative to standard forecasting models, especially during tranquil periods. Our model forecasts are also competitive with those generated by the conventional VAR model with stochastic volatility.


This paper sheds light on economic policy discussions in the early 1960s about whether there is an optimal level of demand to maximise the rate of growth. This discussion was influenced by the Cold War, which urged policy makers particularly in the USA to achieve higher rates of growth than the Soviet Union. As it was assumed that good demand management can damp the business cycle, regulating and deciding upon the level of demand pressure in the economy was regarded as an important tool for economic policy. The main debate therefore evolved around the question whether or not the economy should be run at high demand pressure and inflation to foster growth or if some slack in the economy and deflationary tendencies are a prerequisite for a prosperous growth path.


We investigate the vacuum expectation values of the energy-momentum tensor and the fermionic condensate associated with a massive spinor field obeying the MIT bag boundary condition on a spherical shell in the global monopole spacetime. In order to do that it was used the generalized Abel-Plana summation formula. As we shall see, this procedure allows to extract from the vacuum expectation values the contribution coming from to the unbounded spacetime and explicitly to present the boundary induced parts. As to the boundary induced contribution, two distinct situations are examined: the vacuum average effect inside and outside the spherical shell. The asymptotic behavior of the vacuum densities is investigated near the sphere center and surface, and at large distances from the sphere. In the limit of strong gravitational field corresponding to small values of the parameter describing the solid angle deficit in global monopole geometry, the sphere-induced expectation values are exponentially suppressed. As a special case we discuss the fermionic vacuum densities for the spherical shell on background of the Minkowski spacetime. Previous approaches to this problem within the framework of the QCD bag models have been global and our calculation is a local extension of these contributions.


ABSTRACT The present study investigates the effect of prior hardening and tempering treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and high-stress abrasive wear response of 0.33% carbon dual-phase (DP) steel. For this purpose, two different DP steels were produced by subjecting the as-received steel to hardening (DP-H) and hardening + tempering (DP-HT) treatments prior to the intercritical (I/C) annealing treatment. These steels along with the as-received steel were subsequently characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) metallography. Furthermore, tensile properties were evaluated along with microhardness measurements. The fracture surfaces of the failed tensile specimens were studied under SEM. Prior hardening and tempering treatment resulted in the formation of a nearly spherical martensite (aspect ratio = 1.2 ± 0.13) phase along with fine iron carbides in DP-HT steel. These fine iron carbides and spherical martensite act as the void nucleation sites in DP-HT steel. Therefore, DP-HT steel exhibits good ductility along with reasonable strength. On contrary, DP-H steel exhibits the presence of a fine elongated martensite (aspect ratio = 6.1 ± 3) phase, which causes poor ductility. Furthermore, abrasion tests were carried out at varying sliding distances at three different applied loads. Dual-phase treatment results in improved overall wear response. Moreover, tempering of prior hardened steel leads to improvement in wear resistance in DP-HT steel under all conditions studied in comparison with DP-H steel. This is attributed to higher strain hardening and greater resistance to particle scooping in DP-HT steel.


We studied the epidemiology of paediatric firework‐related injury in the urban population of Delhi during the festival of lights (Diwali).


With the coming of information era,great changes have been taking place in the communist party building of community.An investigation on the application of network technology to communist party building in Wuxi's communities has been addressed.Through the analysis,some main problems have been found on the application of network technology for party's building in communities,including poor condition,slow development,weak management and lower network literacy.Logical principle and approach would be key factors of pushing forward the application of network technology for party's building in communities.Meanwhile,better management,good service,advanced network literacy and broad assistance would be practical suggestions on improving the party's building based on network technology in communities.


This dissertation consists of two parts. The first study examines the manifestation of conservatism based on Basu (1997) measure under the price-lead-earning attribute. I construct a multi-period model to capture lagged earnings responses to good news and those to bad news to extend the Basu measure of asymmetric timeliness to a multi-period concept. Results show that differences between earnings responses to good news and those to bad news exist and persist for several periods. With varying incremental earnings responses to bad news, I argue that comparison of conservatism across firms based on Basu's (1997) single period measure may not fully capture the effect of accounting conservatism. The second study examines the manifestation of conservatism based on Basu (1997) measure under the nonlinearity in earnings responses. I find that due to nonlinear earnings responses to news of large absolute values, a linear measure of conditional conservatism may not fully capture the effect of accounting conservatism. Both results indicate that prior evidence which suggests firms with different characteristics result in different extent of conservatism and the impacts of differences in conservatism across firms lead to differential economic consequences such as information quality, economic decisions and assets valuation needs to be re-examined. Considering both attributes can improve the effectiveness of comparing the extents of conservatism based on the asymmetric timeliness of earnings across firms.


Traditional critiques of social movements have generally explained the strategies of agitators, to the neglect of the discourse of social control which surrounds and frames the movement. Conversely, studies that examine the language of social control often focus on broad issues, such as the "public vocabulary" available to rhetors, rather than on the encounters between authorities and agitators. Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony offers a useful way to develop an alternative theoretical approach to the symbolic process of social control. Examination of the Kennedy Administration response to and press coverage of the Freedom Rides in 1961 demonstrates the critical power of an analysis of hegemony, revealing four strategies that domesticated the dissent of the Riders.


The 23rd edition of Ganong's review covers all the important physiological topics, from the cellular and molecular basis of physiology through to the respiratory, renal, cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal and neurophysiological systems.


Microservers (embedded devices) with built-in sensors and network connectivity have become increasingly pervasive and their computational capabilities continue to be improved. Many works present that a heterogeneous cluster with the low-power microservers and high-performance nodes can provide competitive performance efficiency. However, they make simple modifications in existing distributed systems for adaptation, which have been proven not to fully exploit various the heterogeneous resources. In this paper, we argue that such heterogeneous cluster also calls for flexible and efficient computational resource scheduling. We then introduce Macaca, a platform for sharing and scheduling the distributed resources from embedded devices and Linux servers including computational resources, scale-out storages, and various data to accomplish collaborative processing tasks. In Macaca, we propose a two-layer scheduling mechanism to enhance utilization of these heterogeneous resources. Internally, the resource abstraction layer supports various sophisticated schedulers of existing distributed frameworks and decides how many resources to offer computing frameworks, while resource management layer is constructed for overall coordination of computational effectiveness and energy management for devices. Furthermore, Macaca adopts a novel strategy to support smart switch in three system models for energy-saving effectiveness. We evaluate Macaca by a variety of datasets and typical datacenter workloads, and the result shows that Macaca can achieve more efficient utilization of resources when sharing the heterogeneous cluster among diverse frameworks.


This academic article is written in regards to ease and the lack of hardship in Islam, which is comprised of five main subjects, a conclusion and references. The first subject states that Islam is based on ease and it is best suited to the nature of mankind. The second subject explains the pillars of ease and the third subject shows the ground and field of moderation and ease in Islam. The fourth relates to the principles of the Sharia Law in regards to ease and also the views of scholars. The final subject discusses the negative impact of avoiding ease which is then followed by the conclusion and references. The intention of this article is to educate people about the concept of ease in Islam.


In the optical recording and / or reproducing apparatus comprising an optical pickup and the compatible optical pickup can compatibly recording medium optically heterogeneous, compatible optical pickup emits a short wavelength light which is suitable for high-density information recording medium the short wavelength light source, a low density optical system which emits long wavelength light which is suitable for low density information storage medium, an objective lens for focusing light on the information recording medium which has entered from the short wavelength light source and the low density optical system a reproduction signal and a single light detector for receiving the short wavelength light and long wavelength light reflected from the information recording medium so as to detect a focus error signal, a short wavelength light reflected from the information recording medium and long wavelength light detection lens and an objective lens and a single light detector and position on the path of the light reflected from the information recording medium between but to be received as a light spot of the correct size to a single photodetector Reducing a first collimating lenses, the wavelength of light toward the single optical detector, the position of the first collimating lens and adjusted along the optical axis, a focus error signal offset generated by the chromatic aberration due to the wavelength It is to include a drive unit.


The whole world even our daily life has been effected by the trend of globalization.Socialism should face and take part in it positively.Chinese modernization can be accelerated by grasping this chance to fully utilize all the achievements of the western countries.But all these should be based on our own conditions and needs.


With the continuous improvement of China's urbanization level, the huge expansion of construction land has a negative impact on urban air quality, especially PM2.5 pollution. In this paper, the relationship between the landscape pattern of urban construction land and PM2.5 concentration is studied by using spatial exploratory analysis (Moran I) and spatial econometric analysis (SLM/SEM). The results show that: 1 From 2000 to 2016, PM2.5 pollution in the region of Pearl River Delta rose first and then dropped; In terms of spatial distribution, it showed a trend of high in the middle and low in the peripheral areas. 2 The construction land in Pearl River Delta expanded obviously from 2000 to 2016, with the overall increase as high as 75.37%. At the same time, the advantages, integrity and accumulation of construction land patches in Pearl River Delta were strengthened continuously, while the degree of size breakage dropped to some extent. 3 The landscape pattern of the construction land in Pearl River Delta has obvious influences on PM2.5 pollution: the construction area (CA) and the proportion of construction land (PLAND) have positive correlations with PM2.5 pollution; patch density (PD) and mean nearest distance (MNN) show negative correlations with PM2.5 pollution; 4 The increase of economic factors, including road network density (RD), average gross domestic product (AGDP) and the proportion of secondary industry output (IND), all could cause PM2.5 pollution to rise. Among the natural factors, increase of precipitation could increase PM2.5 pollution, while increase of wind speed could reduce PM2.5 pollution.


To investigate the feasibility of using an in‐vitro model to simulate the incidence of post‐injection drug precipitation (PDP), and to identify the roles of drug properties and delivery systems in its occurrence.


the pelvic colon directly; most valuable information can thus often be obtained. I believe that a careful examination of the pelvic colon witb. the sigmoidoscope ought always to be made in cases in which symptoms of colitis exist. Serious errors in diagnosis can thus often be avoided and definite information can be obtained on which a rational line of treatment may be based. Those cases in which the symptoms of colitis are due to a tumour (simple or ma$gnant) situated high up in the bowel can by such an examin%tion be separated from those in which the cause of the colitM is different, and a growth perhaps detected at a date when' its removal is still possible. The two following cases are good examples of this:


An inversion algorithms was suggested for array induction logging curves. Three parameters, true-formation resistivity, invasion depth and invasion-zone resistivity, were obtained simultaneously from the present inversion calculation using various forward algorithms. The inversed algorithm using numerical mode-matching method as forward calculation can yield stable and satisfied results. The inversion using geometry factor theory as forward calculation can save more computer time. Synthetic formation models and site applications illustrated the efficiency of the present algorithm. Introduction Saturation of hydrocarbon in a reservoir is an important parameter during oil exploration; but it can not be measured directly in site and it relates to formation resistivity [1]. Formation resistivity is usually determined from resistivity logging devices such as traditional dual-induction tool that can only provide two responses with mediumand deepdetective depths [1] ; or new array induction tool [2], which can record five logging data with five investigating depths simultaneously [3-5]. However, the resistivity measurement was influenced by environmental effects such as borehole, mud, invasion, shoulder bed, and so on. Hence, the resistivity logging data would deviate from the true-formation resistivity. Inversion technique is an efficient method to eliminate environmental influence as far as possible and obtain the true-formation resistivity from logging data. AIT measurement is influenced by environmental effects also, so that the logging responses deviate from the true-formation resistivity. In order to eliminate the environmental influence and obtain the true-formation resistivity, a fast inversion technique was suggested in the present study. Since the inversion calculation was dependent on the forward algorithm, two forward calculation algorithms, geometry factor (GF) theory [1] and numerical mode-matching (NMM) method[6-8], were used in the inversion calculation respectively. Forward Algorithms for AIT Response A two-dimensional axisymmetric formation model was considered in the present calculation. In the direction of vertical to the ground, the formation was divided into N layers. After the porous formation was opened, the drilling-mud filtrate pours. The native fluids, water and hydrocarbon, were displaced by the filtrate under the pressure differential between borehole and formation. Thus, an invasion zone, with radius rh and mud resistivity Rm, formed near to the borehole. The present model included borehole with radius rh and mud resistivity Rm, formation with thickness H and true-formation resistivity Rt . There was a shoulder with resistivity Rs between reservoirs. AIT apparent responses Ra can be obtained from geometry factor theory:


Even though the percentage of Baptist churches with women pastors is low, it is an increase over the numbers in years past. In 2012, more churches called women as pastors than ever before. The status of Baptist women pastors and co-pastors, however, is about far more than statistics. Behind the numbers are stories of women who have been called by God to serve and stories of the churches who have called them. This article chronicles the different ways churches and their pastors experienced the call process, where they experienced resistance in their journeys, and where the women find support for their ministries. Nineteen women pastors and co-pastors were interviewed as well as members of five pastoral search committees. The pastors represented a wide spectrum of age and experience from just out of seminary and serving a first call to seasoned ministers with over thirty years of experience.


1. A method for simulating film grain, comprising the steps of: compressed image information, which characterizes the image! receiving film grain information separately from the compressed image information, the film grain information includes at least one parameter defining the at least one attribute of the film grain, and! modeling the film grain as a function of at least one parameter and of at least one characteristic of a received image, which is superimposed on the film grain. ! 2. The method of claim 1, comprising the further step of blending the simulated grain image. ! 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining information about the film grain includes the step of obtaining a plurality of parameters, each of which represents a sign of the film grain. ! 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the parameter set includes a plurality of correlation parameters and a plurality of parameters independent of intensity. ! 5. The method of claim 3, wherein at least one correlation parameter defines a spatial correlation in a perceived pattern of film grain. ! 6. A method according to claim 3, wherein at least one correlation parameter defines a correlation between color layers. ! 7. The method of claim 3, wherein at least one correlation parameter defines a temporal correlation because of a number of previous processing image frames. ! 8. The method of claim 3, wherein at least one intensity-independent parameter defines the aspect ratio of the film grain. ! 9. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one parameter defines intensity of a random component


Word of Mouth Marketing became one of the most trusted elements compared to other types of advertising. This is due to the delivery of messages can be directly from the people who have credibility in delivering his message to another people. Talkers are those who send messages to others in volunteer manner. Universitas BundaMulia (UBM) is one of the leading universities in Indonesia and has marketing Communication programs are carried out. One of them using the service marketing representative. Through this study, the researchers wanted to know the role of marketing representative as talkers in the delivery of activities of word of mouth. In this research, the researcher uses the paradigm of post positivism and qualitative research method. Researchers use methods of in-depth interviews to Marketing Representative from among the students at UBM. The results of this research are basically marketing representative at UBM can be categorized as a happy customer and this became one of the conditions as good talkers. But the need for the development of the topic for the talkers to talk about UBM. Word of mouth happens online via social media but tacking part happens both offline and online. Talkers a little due to word of mouth tracking occurs by itself without any intention as marketing activities. Keywords: Word of Mouth, Word of Mouth Marketing, Marketing Communication, Talkers


Deuterium modulation of the electron spin echo decay envelope from trapped electrons in γ‐irradiated 3‐methylpentane‐d14 glass at 77 K has been analyzed to give a solvation structure characterized by 18–21 equivalent nearest neighbor deuterons to the electron at a distance of 3.0–3.2 A and with an isotropic coupling constant of essentially zero. From the structure of 3‐methylpentane it is suggested that there are six to seven first solvation shell molecules around the electron.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the efficacy of extending ovulation induction for the in vivo maturation of oocytes.

STUDY DESIGN
Fifty-nine high responders underwent 72 in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles with a conventional protocol of human menopausal gonadotropin and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog. These patients donated oocytes to 81 recipients. The same 59 patients underwent 90 subsequent cycles in which the duration of induction was extended by two to three days. The oocytes were also donated to 138 patients.

RESULTS
With the extended protocol, significantly more oocytes were retrieved (29.1 vs. 20.6), and a greater proportion of them were mature. Fertilization rates were significantly higher for both donors (67.7% vs. 36.2%) and recipients (67.5% vs. 47.1%). Conception rates were also significantly higher for both donors (24.4% vs. 11.1%) and recipients (38.4% vs. 24.7%).

CONCLUSION
Extending the duration of ovulation induction in high responders is associated with in vivo maturation of oocytes and improved success rates in IVF and ovum-donation programs.


The present invention relates to a small wafer for diagnosing skin cancer, which is made from silicon and comprises multiple layers, the first being an n-type semiconductor substrate (2) from the underside of which extends a set of nano sodium-ion selective electrodes (5) and to the top of which is tethered a set of strong polycationic brushes (1). The wafer contains a solution (4) consisting of water in which a small percentage of sodium chloride (NaCl) is dissolved. The wafer is covered by a thin, flexible silicon film (3) and also comprises a needle for injecting the cell with cytochrome c. The aim of the invention is to enable the rapid diagnosis of skin cancer where it is present on the body, and to obtain immediate results by means of the formation of shapes on the surface of the wafer as a result of the movement of the polycationic brush (PMETAC), without needing to perform a biopsy and test the tissues externally of the body, which requires much time and effort to preserve cell activity.


Cortisol affects water balance, but whether this effect is mediated through antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is unclear. This study examines the response of plasma ADH (pADH) in two groups of conscious dogs; one received cortisol centrally (ivt) in the third ventricle at 300 ng/min, the other peripherally (iv) at 4.16 ~g/kg/min, in 4 states of water balance, i.e., dehydration, normal hydration, 5% NaCl iv infusion (0.05 ml/kg/min), and after a water load (40 ml/kg given iv over 30 min), as compared to control experiments without cortisol. Cortisol, either ivt or iv, had no affect on pADH or plasma osmolality (pOsm) during dehydration or normal hydration. Ivt cortisol infusion caused a progressive decline in plasma cortisol (pCort) while iv cortisol infusion increased pCort (control 2.0 Pg%, ivt pCort 0.5 pg%, iv pCort 17 ~g%, P<O.Ol). During the 5% NaCl iv infusion, pADH and pOsm increased similarly in both the control and ivt cortisol experiments from 1.0 to 1.9 pU/ml and 295 to 305 mOsmjkg H20, respectively (P<O.Ol). The increase in pADH seen with 5% NaCl infusion was delayed in the iv cortisol experiment as compared to the iv control (75 min versus 45 min, P<O.Ol). This delay was also seen in pOsm; 45 min in iv cortisol versus 15 min in iv control (P<O.Ol), indicating that the elevated peort apparently delays the development of increased pOsm and the subsequent increase in pADH. During a water load, the cumulative urine excreted was 99% of that ingested with iv cortisol


News categorization, which is a common application area of text classification, is the task of automatic annotation of news articles with predefined categories. In parallel with the rise of deep learning techniques in the field of machine learning, neural embedding models have been widely utilized to capture hidden relationships and similarities among textual representations of news articles. In this study, we approach the Turkish news categorization problem as an ad-hoc retrieval task and investigate the effectiveness of paragraph vector models to compute and utilize document-wise similarities of Turkish news articles. We propose an ensemble categorization approach that consists of three main stages, namely, document processing, paragraph vector learning, and document similarity estimation. Extensive experiments conducted on the TTC-3600 dataset reveal that the proposed system can reach up to 93.5% classification accuracy, which is a remarkable performance when compared to the baseline and state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, it is also shown that the Distributed Bag of Words version of Paragraph Vectors performs better than the Distributed Memory Model of Paragraph Vectors in terms of both accuracy and computational performance.


In this study, a facile synthetic method has been developed for in situ growth of Au nanoparticles (NPs) on magnetic γ-Fe2O3@carboxylated cellulose nanospheres using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) oxide cellulose as linkage and reducing agent. The size of the as-prepared Au NPs can be tuned from 14 to 38 nm by the initial concentration of the gold salt used in the reaction mixture. Only one step was needed to synthesize the magnetic γ-Fe2O3@cellulose nanospheres. The formed γ-Fe2O3@carboxylated cellulose@Au is highly dispersible in aqueous solution and its potential as a magnetic catalyst is proved by the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. In particular, there was no visible decrease in the catalytic activity of the reused catalysts even after being recycled five times, which is preferred in terms of cost and environmental protection. Due to the absence of any other reducing agent during the proposed process, both the synthesis steps and the reaction cost were remarkably decreased, which makes it very suitable for industrial-scale production of recyclable catalysts.


The invention relates to the technical field of processing of front axles of heavy trucks, passenger cars and buses, in particular to a positioning clamping tool and a processing method used for front axle processing. A bearing plate is arranged on the upper part of each supporting post; a turnover positioning plate capable of turning over is arranged above each bearing plate; horizontal blocks for allowing the turnover positioning plate to level are arranged at the two sides of each bearing plate; a plate spring surface U-shaped bolt positioning mounting hole of the front axle is formed in each turnover positioning plate through a dowel pin; by virtue of clamping mechanisms, relative positions of the front axle and the turnover positioning plates are kept still; a turnover mechanism drives each turnover positioning plate to rotate along a turnover linkage assembly; and the rear sides of the turnover positioning plates are provided with a drilling template convenient for reaming front and rear vertical surface mounting holes of the front axle. By taking the plate spring surface U-shaped bolt positioning mounting holes of the front axle as the basis, the front (rear) vertical surface mounting holes of the front axle is processed, and the planes of U-shaped bolt holes of the front axle and the planes of main pin lock holes are reamed, so that the processing precision of a product can be effectively guaranteed, and the product can reach the final quality purpose of use.


No one can have had charge of patients for thirty years as I have had, without from time to time contemplating his results. Have his ideals been achieved ? Have his aims been fulfilled? "Who aims at sky far higher shoots, than he who means a tree," must make a strong appeal to us all. He is a happy man who after many years of surgery can truthfully claim-and no doubt many will make such a claim-that his aims are still to the infinities of the heavens. But the philosophic surgeon will admit that his ideal has never been accomplished. His ideal was, as it still is, the restoration to the normal, both of organism and tissue, and surgery, in spite of continued advance, has never reached this level. It is to be deplored that so much of our time is taken up and that our energies both mental and bodily are expended in attempts to prolong life in patients suffering from terminal states, for whom our best endeavours can do no more than leave them in a condition far short of normal; in truth, far too much of modern surgery is mutilation. Admittedly in the present state of our knowledge it cannot be otherwise, but this does not prevent us from dreaming of more perfect surgical ideals. It is unnecessary to quote examples, for any operation -list of a hospital staff's day'swork provides many; in fact, if we exclude the correction of some injuries, such as fractures, and cosmetic operations, such as those for congenital deformities, e.g., cleft palate and hare-lip, there is little in our technique which does not replace one evil by another, admittedly of less, and usually of an unimportant degree. That fascinating branch of surgery which endeavours to combat the ravages of age by transplantation of an organ or part of it from an ape closely allied to man, or to replace a damaged or diseased organ by a similar organ taken from another human, or to fill in a deficiency such as an absent finger by grafting another in its place, is still in its infancy. The laws which make for success are beginning to be understood and it is clear that much that has been exploited cannot bear the scrutiny of judgment by results. In fact, we may assert that the grafting of an organ or part of an organ from an animal is only of temporary benefit and that transplantation of an organ from man to man can only be successful when the technique of connecting the blood-vessels of the transplanted viscus to those of the recipient has been improved to a degree not yet possible, so that immediate restoration of the necessary nutritive fluids can be established with a reasonable degree of certainty. This restoration of circulation applies not only to blood-vessels, but also to lymphatics; in fact, the former may be satisfactory and the latter imperfect, as is seen in the tendency to a solid cedema shown by tubed and other bulky skin grafts, which persists for months when their vitality is not in question. Let us now pass to a consideration of the physical limitations by which our work is hemmed in. I propose to exclude all those which are engendered by the morbid states of our patients and only to deal with limitations which result from the nature of bodily tissues and from the healing of every operation wound.


Objective:To explore the role of Cyclin D1 and p16 in oncogenesis and development of gestational trophoblastic disease,and in calculating prognosis of gestational trophoblastic tumor.Methods: The expression of CyclinD1,p16 in normal chorion of early gestation and in gestational trophoblastic disease were detected by immunohistochemisty test(SP methods).Results: In gestational trophoblastic tumor group,the positive rate of Cyclin D1 was significantly higher than that of the normal chorion of early gestation group and hydatidiform mole group( P 0 01),and the positive rate of p16 was significantly lower than that of the normal chorion of early gestation group and hydatidiform mole group( P 0 01).There was negative correlation between p16 and Cyclin D1 in gestational trophoblastic tumor(r= 0.553, P 0 01).Follow the raise of clinical phase in gestational trophoblastic tumor,the expression of Cyclin D1 was increased,the expression of p16 was gradually decreased.Conclusion: The over accumulate of Cyclin D1 or the mutation and lost of p16 can lead to the cell malignant change and proliferation,Which suggest Remind the poor prognosis of the trophoblastic tumor.


Lymphocytes from human cancer patients can react to tissue-type-specific antigens shared by many tumors of the same histological type and different for tumors of different types. Such reactions have been detected, for example, by using microcytotoxicity assays and leukocyte migration inhibition techniques. Work presented at this workshop indicates that the leukocyte adherence inhibition test is an excellent assay for detecting reactivity to antigens shared by neoplasms of the same histological type. However, very little is known of the nature of these antigens; for example, we do not knowwhetherthey are tumorspecificor just normal tissue antigens. The usefulness of the leukocyte adherence inhibition test for patient monitoring and for diagnostic purposes also needs to be studied more. Work published in the 1960's indicated that neoplasms of the same histological type share tumor-associated anti gens, against which cell-mediated immune reactions can be detected. For example, it was reported that lymphocytes from tumor patients were specifically reactive in colony inhibition and microcytotoxicity assays to cells from short term explants of allogeneic tumors of the type borne by the respective patients (6, 7, 9, 10). Since reactivity was found also in autochthonous combinations and when lympho cytes from patients with different types of cancer were tested against target cells of the respective type in a "crisscross" pattern, it was concluded that it was directed against some tumor-associated antigens rather than against normal histocompatibility antigens, and that it was not the outcome of "nonspecific" toxicity. Sera from patients with growing tumor were shown to inhibit (' 'block") cell-me diated reactivity to the patient's own cultivated tumor cells and to allogeneic tumor cells of the same histological type (12), while sera from patients free of disease block only infrequently and often have a reverse effect (10). It was shown, furthermore, that reactivity detected by using the microcytotoxicity assay shows a rough correlation with the patients' tumor status in vivo if the blocking serum is taken into account and that testing of this reactivity has some prognostic value in that, among patients who were tumor free when tested, those who have blocking sera more often have relapses than those patients who do not (5).


Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a rare, autosomal‐dominant, multisystem disorder, presenting with skeletal, ocular, skin, and cardiovascular symptoms. Significant clinical overlap with other systemic connective tissue diseases, including Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS), Shprintzen–Goldberg syndrome (SGS), and the MASS phenotype, has been documented. In MFS and LDS, the cardiovascular manifestations account for the major cause of patient morbidity and mortality, rendering them the main target for therapeutic intervention. Over the past decades, gene identification studies confidently linked the aforementioned syndromes, as well as nonsyndromic aneurysmal disease, to genetic defects in proteins related to the transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β pathway, greatly expanding our knowledge on the disease mechanisms and providing us with novel therapeutic targets. As a result, the focus of the developing pharmacological treatment strategies is shifting from hemodynamic stress management to TGF‐β antagonism. In this review, we discuss the insights that have been gained in the molecular biology of MFS and related disorders over the past 25 years.


In China, the rapidly rising sex ratio at birth has caused a great deal of concern and is generally attributed to persistence of a traditional preference for sons. The abnormal sex ratio has been influenced by sex selective abortion and by the misreporting and underreporting of births. While abortion is the primary influence, some families fail to report births of girls. These unreported children surface at school or marriage age or may be abandoned or given up for adoption. The possible impact of these unreported children on the sex ratio will not be clear until the results are in from the census in 2000.


The application of the automatic variable frequency and speed adjusting technique in the mine fan and its inadequate department of the existing systems are introduced.The development process of the automatic variable frequency and speed adjusting system of type ZJTS for the mine fan is set forth.Its proper advantages compared with former variable frequency and speed adjusting systems are noted and its good foreground is predicted.


Objective To observe the influence of body fat on the effect of inhaled anesthetics by comparing the difference of obese patients with normal body weight people after short and long time general anesthesia.Methods Sixty patients were divided into 2 groups of short time group(group A)and long time group(group B).Based on the body mass index(BMI),both groups were further divided into the patients with normal BMI(≤25) and obese patients(30≤BMI≤40).All patients underwent the general anesthesia with isoflurane,midazolam,fentanyl,propfol and atracurium.The time of recovery of spontaneous breath,unconscious body movement,eye-opening followed by command and tracheal extubation were recorded.Results Obese patients in group B had a longer time of recovery of spontaneous breath,unconscious body movement,eye-opening followed by command and tracheal extubation than those in group A.Conclusion Body fat has no significant influence on the effect of inhaled anesthetics in short-time operations.The recovery time is mainly related to the blood/gas partition coefficient of the inhaled anesthetic.In long-time operations,body fat may have some impact on the effect of inhaled anesthetic with high liposolubility such as isoflurane,which would possibly prolong the recovery time after anesthesia.


Conventional solder materials are generally low temperature and low strength materials which are particularly vulnerable to temperature and stress. Even under ambient temperature, 298±5°K, the homologous temperature of most soft solder compositions exceeds 0.5. It is therefore anticipated that the properties and behaviour of such solder compositions could alter significantly when they are exposed to temperature change, temperature rise and/or a moderate level of stresses. With the continued innovation and development of microelectronic packages along with the intense global competition, the reliability of solder joints and the quality and yield of making solder joints in production become increasingly important. This research is to address the fundamental material deficiencies of conventional solders in an effort to develop superior solder materials. Several material principles have been considered including both intrinsic material and soldering process approaches. This paper presents the preliminary results of strengthening effects from the intrinsic material approach. The soldering process effects will be presented in a separate paper. The strengthening effects were evaluated by the combined consideration of monotonic shearing, creep and isothermal low cycle fatigue tests. Fatigue fractography and microstructure of the strengthened solder were characterised in comparison with conventional 63Sn/37Pb solder. The results showed that the proprietary solder system possesses a higher monotonic flow resistance as cyclic frequency decreases to 10−4 Hz. Deformation mechanisms and fatigue failure modes are also discussed in this paper.


China Global Network reports that Beijing is a city with the highest divorce rate and accelerating the trend of rising. Except for external factors, for a woman's peace and happiness in marriage, what is the most important factor? Can woman's beauty and qualified husband guarantee her a happy life? Four female characters in David Copperfield are compared to demonstrate that if having a qualified husband, the woman's dependent personality could increase the probability that her husband's heart will be gradually far away from her, and for a bad husband, the woman's dependent personality will lead herself into the miserable condition. The strong independent personality in marriage can make women escape from the miserable fates. Moreover, it helps women improve their own values and achieve happiness. This is still applicable today for women's marriage management.


Thirty-six years ago, Tomisaku Kawasaki penned the first description of a quixotic illness that he called mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.1 Today this illness has been described in almost every country of the world. In studies from North America, Japan, and Western Europe, Kawasaki syndrome has replaced rheumatic fever as the most common cause of acquired heart disease.2 Despite the importance of Kawasaki syndrome as a cause of disease in children, a surprising number of aspects of this syndrome remain ill-defined. Because the etiology remains incompletely understood, the diagnosis is based on history and physical examination. Because the symptoms of Kawasaki syndrome are not unique and diagnosis can be difficult, it is likely that many cases of incomplete or atypical Kawasaki syndrome, as well as some presentations of classic Kawasaki syndrome, remain undiagnosed and untreated, and the child remains at risk of undetected coronary artery disease. Therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV) and aspirin, while effective, is nonspecific and is associated with the problems of gamma globulin infusions. These problems include the need for intravenous cannulation, risk of adverse reactions, concern for possible adventitious agents, interference with the immune response to live vaccines, expense, shortages, and the fact that 2% to 4%% of treated children still develop coronary artery disease. Furthermore, the long-term cardiac outcome of children who experience Kawasaki syndrome both for those with and those without detectable coronary artery involvement is not clear. After >3 decades of study, what is known about Kawasaki syndrome and why are there still so many unanswered questions?

The study by Holman et al3 in this issue of Pediatrics supports previous estimates regarding certain epidemiologic aspects of Kawasaki syndrome and offers important new detail into others. Using hospital discharge data from the Kids' Inpatient Database (22 participating states), the authors address a …

Address correspondence to H. Cody Meissner, MD, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Division, Tufts-New England Medical Center, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111. E-mail: cmeissner{at}tufts-nemc.org


This article describes an overview and results of two teaching innovation projects, Genres and Society I and II (refs. 128 and 112, respectively), developed at the Complutense Univesity School of Education be-tween 2014 and 2017. The main objective of the projects consisted in designing and implementing a set of teaching units ( TU), aimed at improving writing skills in different genres, languages and curriculum areas, with several groups of student teachers of primary education. To this end the students received training in how to design TUs following a functional model, namely the Reading to Learn (R2L) genre pedagogy pro-posed by Rose and Martin (2012); building shared knowledge, firstly, about the different discourse genres in English and in Spanish, and secondly, about teaching discourse genres, within two courses, 'Didactica de la Lengua' and 'Teaching Literacy in English as a Foreign Language.


STEM-II is an Eulerian air quality model which includes different pollutant emissions, transport by advection, convection and turbulence, with dynamic meteorological conditions; chemical transformation by gas-phase and aqueousphase, and pollutants removal by dry and wet deposition, complete the main air pollution processes. This model is being applied to simulate local and regional acid deposition (episodic and annual basis) from As Pontes Power Plant, considering both the local power plant environment and the EMEP 17,6 cell (150x150 km). In this work, a study of the large computational requirements of STEM-II, both in terms of storage and execution times, is done. First, the possibilities of vectorization of the code (with minor changes) is discussed and tested; secondly, different issues about the parallelization of the STEM-II code over distributed memory machines are considered.


A sensor for detecting a magnetic field direction comprising a plurality of magneto-resistive sensor elements, each of which with respect to an applied magnetic field having a main sensitivity direction. associated with the main sensitivity directions of the magneto-resistive sensor elements and extending through the magneto-resistive sensor elements lines intersect in a region outside of the magneto-resistive sensor elements themselves.


In closing a long time, renewable power means have entered lesser hobbyhorse as the choice for of strength is growing. Solar power is truly the maximum functional salutary useful resource in the fineness of renewable powers as it's long hauls to be had transnational. Solar energy can be converted into energy in approaches; via CSP energy factory life or Photovoltaic structures. The solar energy is converted to lukewarmness and also this energy is converted to energy in CSP energy shops. Still, this revision of power can be finished in an unattached- step system by the use of sun panels and PV period. This generation is fantastically trusted sun irradiance and temperature. For every particular 2d, there can be a maximum electricity aspect (MPP) and its charge is reckoned on irradiance and temperature. The conventional strategies cannot perform sufficiently. Metaheuristic optimization algorithms may be used to song MPP in every normal circumstance and partial shading script. The pivotal gain of the use of them is that they will be speedy in operation, and they don't trap in near optimums. This oil uses Honey Badger Optimization set of rules in Maximum Power Tracking (MPPT) in PV systems.


BACKGROUND
Globally, there are serious human and financial costs associated with registered nurse (RN) turnover. Anticipating turnover before turnover occurs is important to prevent costly and unnecessary turnover. Using a reliable and valid measure of anticipated turnover is essential to credible healthcare research on which nursing policy decisions are based. This meta-analysis provides a systematic way to determine the legitimacy of the use of the Anticipated Turnover Scale (ATS) in RN workforce research.

AIMS
The aims of this meta-analysis were to determine the consistency of reliability estimates and evidence of construct validity of ATS scores across studies of RNs in the US. A secondary purpose was to evaluate variability in reliability and validity according to study quality, century within which studies were conducted and whether studies were published or unpublished.

METHODS
Search strategies included accessing computerized databases, emailing researchers, consulting experts, footnote-chasing and accessing unpublished reports. Two independent reviewers examined studies according to inclusion criteria and quality. Consensus was reached on selected studies and quality ratings.

RESULTS
Overall mean weighted effect size (MWES) of reliability from 12 studies was 0.89. Overall MWES of validity correlating the ATS and four job satisfaction measures for seven studies was -0.53. There was variability in reliability according to quality of studies.

CONCLUSION
The ATS demonstrated excellent reliability and construct validity across studies of RNs in the US.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
  Nursing management should consider the ATS in research on prevention of RN turnover.


Human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 is transmitted primarily either through sexual intercourse or from mother to child. The current study investigated sexual transmission and compared the HTLV‐1 proviral load between seroconcordant and serodiscordant couples by examining both men and women among the index partners without using subjective criteria to establish the direction of sexual transmission. Between January 2013 and May 2015, 178 HTLV‐1‐positive patients had spouses, 107 of which had tested partners, thus increasing the initial sample size (46 men and 61 women). Individuals co‐infected with HTLV‐2 or human immunodeficiency virus were not included in the analysis. From among the included participants, 26 men and 26 women were paired with each other, resulting in 26 seroconcordant couples; 12 seroconcordant couples were formed from another four men and eight women. Forty‐three serodiscordant couples were formed from 16 men and 27 women. The rate of seroconcordance was 46.9%. The HTLV‐1 proviral load was compared between 19 and 37 seroconcordant and serodiscondant couples, respectively, and the concordant couples showed higher proviral loads (P = 0.03). There were no differences between the groups according to age, relationship length, having a mother or sibling with HTLV‐1, race, ethnicity, nationality, education, history of blood transfusion, HAM/TSP, ALT, or hepatitis C virus status. In multivariate analysis, relationship time was shown associated with ocurrence of seroconcordance status. The apparent association between high circulating levels of provirus and seroconcordance rate among couples suggests that proviral loads contribute markedly to the risk of sexual transmission, regardless of gender index.


The electrical conductivity (Ec) and thermal conductivity (K) of some selected soil samples soil samples from three landforms in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria namely Coastal Plain Sand (CPS), Beach Ridge Sand (BRS) and Sandstone/Shale Hill Ridges (SHR) were measured, the data obtained were subjected to spearman rank order statistics and the result shows that there were positive correlation of 1.229ds/m between Ec and K. The electrical conductivity of the area under study falls within the range of 0.025 ds/m and 0.095 ds/m while thermal conductivity are between 0.260w/mk and 0.500w/mk; the Ec range of the three landforms is the optimum level for most plants.


Abstract Professor Irwin Epstein, American social work academic, highly regarded across the health field for his teaching and writing on research, visited Melbourne in 1994. Co-author of several important books, he is well known for his publications on program evaluation and research utilisation. This interview raises some of the practical and philosphical issues for social work research.


In this paper, we introduce a new idea for the rebuilding of measuring sensor data collected from the power grid, eliminating the impact of the attack on the integrity of confidential data. The introduced system is based on the reconstruction of Monte Carlo analysis of experimental data and the measurement of actual training data of the transfer function of the information gathered by sensor of the strong nonlinear representation data through the root is added to the sensor measurements based on quality parameters by a clever attacker. For strong, multivariate reconstruction measures against multiple attacks sensors based regulation attack detection is used. The introduced scheme is check out using a standard IEEE 34-bus and real samples were collected from a grid system. The simulation results confirm that the introduced scheme can handle the label and non-label and attacks based on the proposed rules historical measurement data decided on the basis of the received value RAE become. 5.5. Self- healing recovery is possible within 10 msec of time limit if multiple attacks are detected by local system agent then feed gain of agent scheduler is adjusted to 1/4 to 1/3. Finally, if the value of RAE deviates according to the complexity of the time constant increases to 20 msec to recover the original response was very close to that of the nominal case


The travertine edifices of El Ayat chain and it's arid piedmont, geographic repartition, geomorphologic context, different generations of facies and their paleolandscape and paleonvironment interest, have been studied in this work. In the actual conditions, in spite of the strong water mineralization, the dysfonctioning of travertinization has been ascertained. In the two sites, these inactive travertine contribute to the hydroagricol fitting up, like water and soil stocking, the reduction of regressive erosion and particularly the utilisation of travertine materials in the construction of the agricultural terraces.


Abstract TVA is developing a process for the production of a high‐grade ammonium polyphosphate (APP) suspension fertilizer from merchant‐grade wet‐process phosphoric acid and anhydrous ammonia. The acid is ammoniated in an "enlarged" pipe reactor; the molten APP is dissolved in water and the fluid is cooled to room temperature by evaporative cooling. Attapulgite clay is in the APP fluid to prevent solids from settling during shipment, storage, and use. The process is energy efficient in that hot APP fluid provides all the heat required to preheat the phosphoric acid and vaporize the ammonia. Suspension grade of up to 12–36–0 can be made with 20 to 25% of the P2O5 present as polyphosphate. Lower shipping costs due to the high nutrient content of the suspensions makes it a desirable product. The APP fluid fertilizer can be either applied directly to the soil or used in preparation of mixed suspension products of various ratios.


There are provided a drive and a method for monitoring a drive. With the aim to reduce the installation space of the drive and to reduce the calibration and adjustment effort to drive components, the solution of the invention provides a drive, in particular a transmission (1) and an electric motor (50) in front, wherein the gear (1) a toothing (5), a tooth support (11) in which a plurality of teeth (7) are accommodated with the teeth for engagement with the teeth (7) relative to the tooth support (11) are mounted radially displaceable, a cam plate (20 ) (for radially driving the radially displaceably mounted teeth (7), a plurality (of pivoting segments 24), which are mounted (on rollers 23) on the cam disc for the storage of the teeth 7), and a data output means (30) comprises, which directly on the gearbox (1) is disposed and which is formed to output drive-specific data.


Abstract Three series of malonate side chain liquid crystalline polymers designed for use in nonlinear optics have been synthesized and their thermal behavior examined. All nine polymers are enantiotropic mesogens. Thermal annealing in the mesophase can increase the mesophase-isotropic temperature presumably by continued polymerization during annealing. The pyridine compounds, compared to the analogous benzene compounds, have greater mesomorphic thermal stability and show a greater tendency for smectic phases.


problems were compounded by the opportunism of Sadat, who catered to the intolerance of the Muslim Brotherhood at the expense of the Copts. Besides persecuting the Coptic clergy, Sadat sentenced the patriarch to exile in the monastery of Baramus, which lasted some four years. Shenouda also met with opposition within his Church when, for example, he entered into a theological conflict with the charismatic monk Matta al-Miskin. Like the other volumes of The Popes of Egypt, this last one has the advantage of greater objectivity than most works on the Copts, which are often informed by anti-Islamic rhetoric. The authors accept that the relations between Christians and Muslims in Egypt have not always been idyllic and that there have indeed been bouts of persecution, but they present the Copts as an integral part of Egyptian society who have usually lived in the same conditions as their Muslim neighbors.


A mathematical model to predict the cumulative failure distribution for the containment barrier system (CBS) employed in a deep geologic disposal facility is presented as a function of near-field environmental conditions. The effects of container design, areal power density, and dominant heat transfer mode on the cumulative container failure distribution are studied. This model has been employed to describe the performance of the CBS as one part of a risk-based performance assessment of the Yucca Mountain site. The model employs Weibull and exponential distributions to describe container failures. Parameter values employed in the model are based upon simple, time-dependent, mechanistic models and relevant corrosion data, which describe failure of individual components of the CBS as a function of environmental conditions. The relative importance of container design, areal power density, and dominant heat transfer mode on predicted container performance is demonstrated through comparison of the results for each container design exposed to each set of environmental conditions.


tual reaction to the voracious tactics of these negotiators. His analysis of diplomatic byplay does not differ essentially from that enerall ex ressed elsewhere It is g Y P ß precisely in the area of domestic Polish politics, moreover, that previous accounts, particularly those by Germans, are weak. He tends to pass off the obviously complicated aristocratic compacts rather quickly and does not delve deeply into internal social problems. Particularly unsatisfactory is his discussion of the r61e of the Catholic hierarchy, the revolts by Orthodox peasants, and the shifting alliances of aristocrats. Nor does he porh-ay fully Stanilaus Augustus' tragic efforts to solicit support from various Polish factions. Part of the reason for this episodic and confusing discussion lies in Kaplan's rigid adherence to a chronological and narrative approach throughout, as well as in his fragmentation of material into short chapters dominated for the most part by diplomatic themes. In structure and in content this study may be classified as a traditional analysis of diplomatic action and counteraction. As such it rounds out previous accounts of the First Partition, even ff it does not introduce any fundamentally new thesis or thematic variation. Kaplan handles the diplomatic story with considerable skill and shrewdly illuminates the ambition and fears of the heads of states and their ministers. It is a mistake, however, to regard this as a definitive study of the partition Someday, perhaps, we will have a cogent anal sis in English of the ß y intricate social and political structures of Poland in this period: an analysis which will explore deeply the reasons for the tragic disunity of that state.


Thepaper presents the results of a study on wear resistance of elements of injection system operating in steel- aluminium friction system with relation to the kind of fuel used. The fuels used in the study included regular petroleum-based diesel fuel, esters of colza oil, and their mixtures. The study, of a labora- tory character, was done using a friction machine with a roller-ring friction couple. Such a combination allows to obtain the border friction which is based on the rule of transition from friction on the material surface to friction on the surface of adsorbed polar com- pounds. The persistence of lubricating film was evaluated as abili- ty to counteract the wear of a sample made of aluminium. On the basis of the research it was found that a small supple- ment of RME to diesel fuel causes a sudden increase of sample wear. The highest wear value was obtained with a 20% supplement of RME. The smallest value of wear of aluminium sample was obtained with the use of pure diesel fuel.


It is felt that a reason for the lack of public support for pricing schemes in Madison and Berkeley was a confusion of planning with implementation. Citizen participation is an integral part of the planning process, not a public relations tool to sell a preconceived plan. The pricing schemes were imposed from above, rather than growing out of the citizen participation activities.


Paper edition, with a new preface, of a 1972 work. The author, a sociologist, explains how ...19th-century medicine did not disappear; it evolved into modern medicine...; and he discusses such topics as active versus conservative intervention, reciprocity between physicians and the public in adopt


This study analyzed the farming systems and other informal insurance measures used by farmers for optimum farm income in Odogbolu Local Government Area of Ogun state, Nigeria. To give effect to the study, eighty farmers were randomly selected from the study area. Data collected through structured questionnaires and interview schedules was analyzed using net farm income analysis. Results showed the gross margin of the farmers who cultivated more than one crop, and reared one poultry or small ruminant animal have more income than those who do not. This research work also showed that rural farmers use different informal insurance measures like diversification of crop and livestock enterprises, contract farming, keeping buffer stock, savings, land fragmentation and others to manage risks that they routinely face. Out of the ten (10) informal insurance measures studied, diversification was the most practiced among the respondents while contract farming is the least used by the respondents. Recommendations include encouraging farmers to adopt the most profitable farming systems and informal insurance measures to help rural people have a stable income.


Phycocyanin (PC) and polysaccharides from spirulina plantensis (PSP) are immune active substances with great anti-tumor potential. The antitumor immune activities of PC and PSP were studied in this paper. The antitumor immune activities of alginate and polysaccharide were detected by ELISA, MTT assay and quantitative hemolysis spectrophotometry at the levels of immune organs, immune cells and immune molecules. The results showed that the tumor diameter and tumor mass of mice treated with PC or PSP were smaller than those in the control group, the activity of T cells and B cells was also significantly enhanced, and the number of humoral antibodies was significantly increased. The effect of PS on tumor cell growth and immunity was more obvious than that of PSP.


In the era of big data and artificial intelligence, data sharing is desirable for vigorous development of data-driven services, which improves our daily life. Although data sharing is supported to a certain extent by current mechanisms and technologies, organizations especially with potential competitive relationships might refuse to share their data due to the worry that data sharing improves competitors' competitiveness. To address this problem, this paper focuses on the competitiveness-driven target of win-win, and provides incentives to encourage potentially competing organizations to share their data. By introducing the concept of data competitiveness as a data transaction driving force, an incentive mechanism based on data competitiveness is established, which is formulated as a Stackelberg game. A gradient-based iteration algorithm is proposed to obtain the Stackelberg equilibrium solution to the data sharing incentive problem. Simulation results substantiate that performance of data sharing can be improved significantly by the proposed scheme.


N my beginning, I enter a world which has already begun. At conception, or at quickening, my soul enters a matrix, and my materiality is nourished in my mother, whose body was born long before my conception. At birth, expelled from the womb, my breathing organism enters an unborn world, or a world begun long ago. My expulsion is a new beginning in a progressive process which repeatedly begins in the newborn. In my beginning, the world is again renewed in a living creature who, cradled in the maternal embrace, cannot perceive the approaching end; when the world begins, at last, in me, I am unaware that my birth is an external fact in a deathless world where the newborn must perish. I have not yet confronted the outer world; my painful birth, which I experienced inwardly, I have never perceived from the outside. Born innocent, I perceive the cosmos as a world which began with me. Originally, nature is not a surface which I confront. I do not frontally perceive my environment, because, in me, the ancient world begins as a newborn world, my body; the vast exterior surrounds the world which I am, a small cosmos which insulates my soul. I animate my body without confronting my face, without facing my skin as an impersonal surface. My family shields my flesh, lets me perceive the material environment as a domestic exterior which I possess longitudinally, along my limbs, as my bodily prolongation. My desirous grasp draws satisfaction from a sensuous depth which enlarges my globular cosmos. My personal sphere suffuses the surroundings; I am the cosmic center and the things around me are my personal possessions; I inhabit a world without apparent exterior; the depth beyond my center is within my sphere. The alien abyss outside my person is unperceived, or vaguely felt as a dreadful presence hidden beyond the domicile whose furnishings I possess along the radius of my reach, along the radiations of my desire. My body is born, and nourished, as a personal world which begins with me, grows with me, and obscures the boundless world which I am not.


A procedure is described which is aimed at the isolation of individual components, with their original parameters of width, shape and amplitude, from a composite envelope of overlapped bands. The method is based on a development of the Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) process, and the principles and applications are illustrated with synthetic and real data.


Introduction Bile leakage is a frequent complication after liver resection associated with the need of interventional drainage, endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) or reoperation. The intraoperative application of the white test could be a promising strategy to reduce the occurrence of bile leakages. Therefore, we propose to conduct the first multicentric randomised controlled trial with rate of postoperative bile leakage as primary endpoint with and without the white test. Methods and analysis The Bile-Leakage Trial trial is an investigator-initiated randomised controlled, parallel group, double-blinded, multicentric, superiority trial in four Swiss centres. A total of 210 patients undergoing a resection of at least 2 liver segments will be randomly allocated intraoperatively to either the intervention (identification of open bile ducts with administration of 20–40 mL SMOFlipid5% in the bile tract) or the control group (identification with a white gauze on the liver resection surface). Primary outcome will be the comparison of the postoperative bile leakage rate in both groups within 30 days after liver resection, defined according to the classification of the International Study Group of Liver Surgery. Secondary outcomes will be operative and postoperative complication, including severity grade of the bile leakage, rate of ERCP, interventional drainage, morbidity, intensive care unit stay, and mortality. Ethics and dissemination The cantonal ethics committees of all participating centres and Swissmedic approved the study. SMOFlipid20% consists of a mixture of oils, no side effects resulting from the intraoperative application of 20–40 mL in the biliary tract with consecutive enteral absorption are expected nor are side effects described in the literature. SMOFlipid20% will be diluted intraoperatively with isotonic saline solution to a concentration of 5%. The results of the BiLe-Trial will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal regardless of the outcome. As this is an investigator-initiated trial, data are property of the sponsor investigator and can be obtained on request. Trial registration number Clinicaltrials.gov, ID: NCT04523701. Registered on 25 August 2020. Swiss National Clinical Trials Portal (SNCTP), ID: SNCTP000004200. Registered on 20 January 2021. Protocol version V3.2_14-12-2020_clean.pdf


The group communication service has become increasingly popular in communication systems. The user of the communications group benefits from a particular group summary information. Members of the group that includes at least two members by applying the information to other group members; The information for the group are summarized by his information is based at least on current information about the at least one other member of the group application; And it is possible to receive the group summary information by showing a summary of the group member information (4-1, 4-2) obtained in this manner in the member.


The results of the economic reform carried out in Poland have thus far been shaping up much below the expectations of society. This is happening because of the appearance of many adverse conditions in which this reform has been implemented and also the halfway nature of the strategies adopted and the lack of cohesiveness among them. The most important obstacles to the reform include such phenomena as inflation, market disequilibrium along with the concomitant state of the seller's market, the ever-increasing foreign indebtedness of the country, and the long-lasting negative influence of the economic sanctions employed by the Western nations. The subject of the analysis presented here are the inconsistencies in the area of individual components of the reform, especially the lack of cohesion between the new stature of enterprises and the structure of the market in which they perform. As a result of the reform, the enterprises have been endowed with three fundamental prerogatives, known in short as the three S 's (self-management, self-financing, self-


The interfacial properties between carbon fiber (CF) and polymer matrix are critical to the performance of CF reinforced composites. Herein, we reported a new method of tailoring the interfacial properties by grafting graphene oxide (GO) onto the CF surface with hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG), which could improve the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and heat resistance of CF/PA6 and CF/epoxy (EP) composites. A large number of hydroxyl groups were introduced onto CF surface by using HPG as a new coupling agent, which improved the grafting amount of GO, the polarity, wettability and surface energy of CF. The IFSS of composites at different temperature was investigated by microbond test. The results showed that after introducing GO into the interface, the IFSS of CF reinforced PA6 and epoxy composites increased by 44% and more than 30%, respectively. Moreover, the IFSS of GO modified CF/EP1 composites at 85°C was only 9.1% lower than that at 25°C. In addition, the IFSS of the CF/PA6 and CF/EP2 composites could be kept stable when the ambient temperature was lower than the melting point or glass transition temperature of the resin matrix. Finally, the interfacial enhancement mechanism was further analyzed in details.


---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is very dangerous and rapidly spread disease in the world. When left undiagnosed and thus untreated, mortality rates of patients with tuberculosis are high. Standard diagnostics still rely on methods developed in the last century. They are slow and often unreliable. In the investigating cases for suspected tuberculosis (TB), chest radiography is not only the key techniques of diagnosis based on the medical imaging but also the diagnostic radiology. So, Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) has been popular and many researchers are interested in this research areas and different approaches have been proposed for the TB detection and lung decease classification. In this paper we present method for detection of Tuberculosis in CXR image by using MATLAB which includes Pre Processing of Image, Segmentation and Feature extraction from that image.


Information is presented on trends in the Jewish population in Germany from the mid-nineteenth century up to 1933. Topics covered include total population size; spatial distribution; population change and its components including mortality marriages divorces natality and fertility natural increase and decrease internal and external migration and the effects of assimilation; population structure by age sex marital status nationality and educational level; and labor force characteristics. Comparisons are also made with data on the German population as a whole. (summary in ENG FRE)


A continuous heavy rain visited Guangdong province during June 18-25, 2005 (named Heavy Rain 200506, HR200506) and had resulted in enormous economic loss. The ageostropic Q vectors, θse, meridional circulation, computed from the NCEP reanalysis, and TBB are used to study the rainfall processes. The results indicated that a convective system moved northwards from the South China Sea (SCS) and stayed in Guangdong for several days, which was a direct cause of HR200506. The process is a result of the activity of the South China Sea summer monsoon. There were two rainbands of HR200506 in Guangdong. One laid in the north of Guangdong that produced frontal rainfall; another situated on the south of Guangdong which produced monsoon rainfall.