VACTERL association is a cipher used to describe a cluster of conditions wherein there is a seemingly unexplainable non-random association of specific birth defects of multiple organ systems. It includes vertebral anomalies (V), anal anomalies (A), cardiac anomalies (C), tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), renal anomalies (R) or radial bone anomalies (R), and limb defects (L). At least three of these seven malformations need to be present to constitute the VACTERL association. Other congenital anomalies of different systems may additionally be present with this association but are classified separately and the rarity of this occurrence is greater than even the VACTERL association. We report a neonate with congenital abnormalities of the cardiac system atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect, tracheoesophageal fistula H type, and a multicystic dysplastic kidney. Additionally, the baby was also found to have a micropenis, a genito-urinary anomaly. With optimal surgical correction in the post-natal period and vigilant periodic follow-up, the prognosis may be relatively positive. Medical management can be used as therapy for treating long-term sequelae of the anomalies if any. Therefore, morbidity and mortality can be prevented to a great extent with early diagnosis and immediate intervention.


The complex C28H32CaCoN4O24 has been synthesized from hydrothermal reaction and the crystal structure has been determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Co atom is six-coordinated by two N atoms, four O atoms from two 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid. The Ca atom is eight-coordinated by two N atoms, six O atoms from two 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and two water molecular. The crystal packing is stabilized by O-H...O hydrogen bonding interactions.


The suspension system plays a major role in every automobile to maintain comfort, vehicle position and ride quality. The commercial vehicles nowadays use helical coil type suspension system in two wheelers. This type of suspension system provides only low solace to the riders. The replacement of coil type suspension with an air suspension system in two-wheeler will provide better solace and maintain the ride height and ride quality. Considering the suspension system, air suspension is way better than the coil type suspension system. So we are going to use air suspension system in our project for the two wheelers will provide better solace to the riders. By using the compressor, the compressed air is made to pass into the rubber tube which serves as a better suspension system.


It is a necessarily-solved problem for computer-education circles to cultivate qualified software professionals for enterprises.Currently the blundering sentiment eager for quick success and instant benefit must be overcome in the education of software so as to give full play to creative potentials of students and intensify practice,and the goal should be set up that the trend of software-industry development is flexibly adapted in order to cultivate the industrial-type software professionals.


One of the difficult areas of automatic language understanding is emotion detection. Research related to emotion detection in text is important to be developed so that emotion in text can be detected properly. This research develops emotion detection in text by comparing word embedding such as Word2Vec, BERT and GloVe and using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Five kinds of emotions are identified in the text, including happy, angry, sad, scared, and surprised. Three kinds of data are used, including commuter line, transjakarta, and commuter line+transjakarta. BERT+CNN generates the best accuracy compared to Word2Vec+CNN and GloVe+CNN. The accuracy values generated by BERT+CNN on the commuter line, transjakarta and commuter line+transjakarta data are 86.47%, 87.23%, and 86.18%, respectively. Word2Vec+CNN occupies the second best accuracy value and the last is GloVe+CNN. The comparison of Precision, Recall, and F1-Measure results also show that BERT+CNN has the highest score when compared to other methods. This demonstrates that the combination of CNN and BERT embedding methods performs well in text emotion detection.


Abstract : Tribology, defined as the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion and of related subjects and practices, is the result of a series of UK activities, begun in 1966, to provide remedies to certain industrial ills. This report, intended for the general reader, is an overview of the birth, growth, and present state of tribology in the UK. The actions of the Committee on Tribology are discussed, as well as those of the Tribology Centres and other UK organizations concerned with lubrication and wear. Relevant but broader issues are also discussed. These include the interdisciplinary approach, effective communication between academia and industry, and the concept of industrial technologies. Comments are offered concerning the lessons to be learned from the UK experience. Appendices provide brief descriptions of the proposed educational module in tribology, the symposium titled 'Tribology 1976,' and the practice of lubrication analysis including ferrography.


Bonang, one of coastal area in Demak District, has four coastal villages namely Purworejo, Margolinduk, Morodemak, and Betahwalang. Although the potential of there 4 villages that are dominated by coastal fisheries are very abundant, but based on BPS data in figures in 2011, the number of poor house hold in Bonang is quite large. The purpose of this research is to formulate a pattern of agri-fishery as a strategy to increase the income of people in Bonang. A quantitative method done with descriptive analysis and frequency analysis, is used to analyze the agri-fishery potential. Hierarchy cluster analysis is used to agglomerate the classification of area based on the typology of the agri-fishery potential. The result of this research is the pattern of the agri-fishery development in Bonang coastal area where Betahwalang village and Morodemak village as the area for production input, equipment provider for catching fish and seed farms provider. Betahwalang, Margolinduk, Morodemak, and Purworejo has potential for fishing activities and aquaculture. There are three center of processing area namely processing center of peeled crab in Betahwalang, processing center of salted fish and shrimp in Purworejo, and processing center of cracker and shrimp paste in Margolinduk. Margolinduk and Purworejo, that are close to the main local road accsess will be the place for sell the product of processing center in each area. Beside that, Purworejo will became the center of fishing activity because there is TPI Morodemak in there.


PURPOSE: To obtain structure in which a flexible means is fixed to a load beam and a slider is fastened to the lower section of the flexible means and cost of which is reduced. CONSTITUTION: This slider has metallic bars B1, B2 having one end 45/1, 45/2 and 45/3 unified with a substrate and other free ends 47/1, 47/2, 47/3. These bars fill the role of flexible means for arms. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Taking a tripping accident of the high voltage standby transformer of a power plant as example,the reasons of the accident were analyzed,and the response strategy was proposed,which provides reference for treating similar problems.


#### Summary points

Burn injuries are an important global health problem. Most simple burns can be managed by general practitioners in primary care, but complex burns and all major burns warrant a specialist and skilled multidisciplinary approach for a successful clinical outcome. This article discusses the principles behind managing major burns and scalds using an evidence based approach and provides a framework for managing simple burns in the community.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched Medline, Ovid, Burns, and the Cochrane Library until June 2008 for randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, evidence reports, and recent evidence based guidelines from international burn associations.

Annually in the United Kingdom, around 175 000 people attend accident and emergency departments with burns from various causes (box 1).1 This represents 1% of all emergency department attendances, and about 10% of these patients need inpatient management in a specialist unit.2 A further 250 000 patients are managed in the community by general practitioners and allied professionals. Of patients referred to hospital, some 16 000 are admitted, and about 1000 patients need active fluid resuscitation. The number of burns related deaths average 300 a year.1

#### Box 1 Some important causes of burns and scalds

Globally, the World Health Organization estimates that 322 000 people die each year from …


Nurses caring for people with HIV disease may have support and developmental needs related to knowledge, attitudes, stress and isolation. The potential benefits of supervision may be illustrated by exploring models that could meet the needs of nurses caring for people with HIV disease.


.4.bstract-The movement towards the mathematization of the physi cal sciences by members of the early 19th century French scientific establishment is illustrated by a brief account of J. B. J. Fourier's cel ebrated "Theorie Analytique de la Chaleur" Ill. The spirit and sub stance of his unique scientific legacy, and the profound influence it has had on mathematics, physics, and modern engineering methuds are highlighted.


Abstract A three-dimensional model of deep, moist convection is described. The model is fully compressible and utilizes a "time-splitting" method of integration in order to make the model economically feasible. This study represents an extension of the numerical experiments reported by Cotton (1975). In that work the profiles of the ratio of average cloud water content to the moist-adiabatic water content (Qc/QA) predicted by a one-dimensional Lagrangian (1DL) and a one-dimensional time-dependent (1DTD) model are compared with case study observed data and the average Qc/QA profiles reported by Warner (1970a). In this work, data predicted by a three-dimensional (3D) cloud simulation in a stagnant environment and a 3D cloud simulation in the observed shear flow are compared with observed data and the earlier model calculations. The results of this study demonstrated that all the cloud simulations in an initially stagnant environment, including the 1DL, 1DTD and 3D models, predicted profiles of Qc/QA whic...


........................................................................................................................................ 4 Author's contribution .................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... 6 Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 19 Chapter 1 ..................................................................................................................................... 22 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 22 1.1.1 Clinical significance and prevalence of metabolic syndrome .................................... 25 1.1.2 The role of diet in the causation of metabolic syndrome ........................................... 25 1.2 Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism ............................................................................. 27 1.2.1 EPA and DHA: effect on lipid metabolism ................................................................ 31 1.3 Adiponectin ....................................................................................................................... 32 1.3.1 Adiponectin and gender and age ................................................................................ 33 1.3.2 Adiponectin receptors ................................................................................................ 34 1.3.3 Adiponectin metabolic effects ................................................................................... 35 1.4 ADIPOQ gene ................................................................................................................... 40 1.4.1 ADIPOQ polymorphisms ........................................................................................... 41 1.4.2 Adiponectin, ADIPOQ polymorphisms and diet ....................................................... 43 1.5 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ .................................................................... 46 1.5.1 Role in adipogenesis .................................................................................................. 46 1.5.2 Role in insulin sensitivity ........................................................................................... 47 1.5.3 Role in lipid homeostasis ........................................................................................... 47 1.6 PPARG gene ..................................................................................................................... 47 1.6.1 PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism .............................................................................. 48 1.6.2 PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism and diet ................................................................ 51 1.6.3 ADIPOQ and PPARγ ................................................................................................. 52 1.7 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α .................................................................... 53 1.7.1 Role in lipid homeostasis ........................................................................................... 53 1.8 PPARA gene ...................................................................................................................... 55 1.8.1 PPARA Leu162Val polymorphism ........................................................................... 55 1.8.2 PPARA Leu162Val polymorphism and diet .............................................................. 56 1.9 Hypothesis......................................................................................................................... 58


Electronic structure calculations were carried out for the europium chalcogenides (EuO, EuS, EuSe, EuTe) using the 'LSDA+U' approach, in which orbital-dependent Coulomb and exchange effects are added to the local spin density approximation (LSDA) for the f electrons. The usual LSDA gap underestimate is also corrected by adding Ud terms, which shift up the empty d states. While both GdN and EuO are found to be magnetic semiconductors, there are significant differences in the electronic structure, in particular in the location of the filled f bands. The origin of these differences and their effect on various other aspects of the band structure are discussed. The exchange coupling between magnetic moments is studied by mapping the energy differences of different magnetic configurations to a Heisenberg Hamiltonian with first- and second-nearest-neighbour interactions. The exchange interactions are in fair agreement with experimental values and explain the trends in magnetic properties.


The working principle of spiral conveyer was introduced here.The influence of main parameters on conveying capability was analyzed by the author.Design parameter selection and determination for spiral conveyer were put forward.


Accurate and stable time synchronization is crucial for the reliable operation of monitoring, protection and control systems in smart grids. As an alternative to GPS-based time synchronization of Phasor Measurement Units over a wide area network, this paper investigates the performance of Precision Time Protocol (PTP). After introducing time synchronization requirements in power systems and exploring the main vulnerabilities, experimental results related to a test PTP architecture are presented, in order to assess its feasibility.


A zoomable LED spot light with high angular beam sharpness has been made. The prototype is measured luminaire efficiency of 33.2%, total flux output of 4320 lm and central illuminance of 8940 lux at a distance of three meter. A qualitative definition as F/B ratio (F: field angle; B: beam angle) to evaluate the angular beam sharpness is proposed. The prototype has an F/B ratio of 1.35 compared to F/B ratio of 2 for the conventional low‐power LED spot lights. Finally, a novel design with in‐rod reflectors and a single integrator rod that has F/B ratio of 1.1 is also presented.


The potential price for enabling network slicing in multi-tenant virtualized mobile networks is the underutilization of the scarce wireless and/or network resources. One way to increase overall network utilization would be to allow inter-tenant sharing, i.e., sharing of resources between different network slices. To this end, this work tries to shed further light into this issue by discussing different possible degrees of network sharing together with the associated linear integer mathematical programs that allows to investigate upper bounds on the achievable performance improvement. Furthermore, in order to realize real time and adaptive sharing of resources a scale-free heuristic is also presented that is amenable for real-time implementation. Based on the depth of the aforementioned multi-tenant sharing, we propose a sharing scheme with two options named Tight Coupling (TX) and Loose Coupling (LX). Under the 3GPP baselines and certain assumptions, a set of numerical investigations have been carried out demonstrating significant gain in aggregated network throughput and per user throughput compared to traditional fully isolated network slicing method.


The researcher presents the results of the complex study of professional activity of public order squads' officers. The article develops the model of rang-based professional competences for district police officers.


The article deals with the problem of formation of a mathematical model and algorithm of numerical study of flexible elastic elements in the form of thin-walled shells. The proposed algorithm allows us to quickly solve the problem of numerical synthesis of the structure. The main problem for the synthesis of these elements is to provide the required deformation. The deformation of shell elements is essentially a nonlinear process. The main relations of the version of the theory of thin axisymmetric shells are known. However, the study of the elements under consideration requires taking into account some peculiarities. The paper presents the derivation of the equations describing the axisymmetric deformation of thin-walled shells for several practically important cases, as well as reflects the features that must be taken into account for the cases under consideration. The proposed algorithm allows in the process of modeling the element to carry out a kind of programming of the properties of the future design and as a result provide the required performance characteristics in the process of numerical design. The article presents the results of the application of this technique for the design of real products based on flexible elements with controlled elastic deformation.


From Press-Schechter formalism and the observed X-ray cluster L-T relation, we derive an X-ray cluster luminosity function that can be applied to the growing number of high-redshift, X-ray cluster luminosity catalogs to constrain cosmological parameters. In this paper, we apply this luminosity function to the Einstein Medium Sensitivity Survey (EMSS) to constrain Ω0. Our results favor high values of this parameter: values that are consistent with unity. In the case of the EMSS, we find a deficiency of high-redshift, luminous X-ray clusters, which demonstrates that the luminosity function appears to have evolved above L⋆. For the typical value of the slope of CDM-like mass density fluctuation power spectra on cluster scales (n = −1), we find that Ω0 > 0.70 at the 84% confidence level and that Ω0 > 0.33 at the 98% confidence level. We additionally apply a simplified version of this luminosity function to the published luminosity function of the ROSAT Brightest Cluster Survey to better constrain n. In combination with our EMSS results, our fitted value of n again favors high values of Ω0. We do not assume any particular value of σ8. Subject headings: cosmology: theory cosmology: observation galaxies: clusters: general galaxies: luminosity function, mass function X-rays: galaxies


The proliferation of Action research handbooks can confuse, so to be clear: The Handbook of Action Research first appeared in 2001; the Second Edition (2008) of this text was substantially re-writt...


Animal is commonly used as the test object in performing the task of the experiment teaching and the scientific research in biology and medicine. For a long time, the scientist in zoology have being faced with the fact that how to treat with experimental zoology ethics and how to seek the pathways and measures of avoiding and reducing animal damage by man-made during the animal experiment. Reduction, replacement and refinement reduced to 3R. The 3R theory offered a efficiency approach and method for solving the above problems. This paper reviewed the form, development and its research situation about the theory. Finally, We put forward our animal experiment project.


NCERT Solutions for Class 4 EVS Chapter 7 From The Window, are part of  NCERT Solutions for Class 4 EVS. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 4 ...


This text is a critical examination of the ontology as linguistic analysis and semantic description. From the examples of Nietzsche and Frege, it is proposed that the ontology should be viewed as a categorical account of what, although not a language construct and not a product of consciousness, ensures the practices and human expressions.


To quantify the forest effects on P-band radar remote sensing, this paper utilizes the fast hybrid method (FHM) combining fast multiple scattering theory (FMST) and a numerical electromagnetic solution. Considering estimation of the domain area, the required number of trees for P-band signal analysis is 121. For the efficient scattering solutions of a large number of trees, the FHM uses the triple FFT applied to the Foldy-Lax equation where two FFTs are applied to a 2-D spatial domain and one FFT to the order of cylindrical waves corresponding to translation addition theorem. This speeds up calculation of a translation addition matrix multiplied by a column vector. The accuracy of FHM is validated by FEKO using 25 trees, showing excellent agreement. Also, FHM provides faster solutions than commercial software. Using dielectric constants of winter and summer conditions, forest effects in P-band signals are validated by calculating transmissivity.


This trial tested the hypothesis that the PDE5 inhibitor tadalafil, a widely‐used vasodilator, increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) in older people with symptomatic small vessel disease, the main cause of vascular cognitive impairment.


People with long-term illness such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often use social media to document and share information, opinions and their experiences with others. Analysing the self-reported experiences of patients shared online has the potential to help medical researchers gain insight into some of the key issues affecting patients. However, the scale of health conversation taking place online poses considerable challenges to traditional content analysis. In this paper, we present a system which automates extraction of patient statements which refer to a personal experience. We applied a crowd sourcing methodology to create a set of 1770 annotated sentences from blog posts written by COPD patients. Our machine learning approach trained on lexical features successfully extracted sentences about patient experience with 93% precision and 80% recall (F-measure: 86%). Automatic annotation of sentences about patient experience can facilitate subsequent content analysis by highlighting the most relevant sentences to this particular problem.


Whenever the need for high precision and accuracy in chemical analysis is desired, foundries and other laboratories normally switch over to spectrograph and other modern testing methods, discarding the traditional wet method. Very seldom are any efforts..


Within the context of combined (discrete and continuous) simulation, modellers attribute considerable importance to the concept of state event representation. Unfortunately, since the methodology introduced in GASP IV, little research efforts have been devoted to the development of a more flexible and a more powerful modelling tool for representation of state event within a support system for model development environment. This paper briefly reviews the existing methodology and suggests a new approach useful for representation of a state event triggered by a complex condition Involving two or more continuously changing attributes.


This collection of essays drawn from a range of disciplines explores American paranoia and the continuum of fear that has centred on enemies real and imagined in American culture. Contributors examine areas such as theoretical constructions of fear, racial discrimination and religious intolerance.


There were a large number of accounts on the traces of tigers in Shanghai in different historical periods. Tigers were found in most regions of Shanghai from late Yuan dynasty to early Qing dynasty. Tigers were found in those areas because the environment were fit for their living. However,during the Ming and Qing dynasties,the tigers' habitats became increasingly smaller in size and their living space was invaded due to people's reclamation of land. Therefore the tigers frequently attacked people. After 1761,tigers no longer appeared in Shanghai as a result of the change of natural environment.


Reduced quantum efficiencies for the photocatalytic degradation of cyclohexanol, cyclododecanol, 2-hexanol, and benzyl alcohol are observed on TiO2 particles included within small pore zeolitic supports suspended in acetonitrile. A modest reduction in photocatalytic activity observed with TiO2 included within large pore zeolites and pillared clays is attributed to reflective and refractive losses of incident light. No appreciable substrate size selectivity could be observed in this series of supported TiO2 composites. TS-1, a titanium-containing zeolite with Ti in tetrahedral lattice sites, was photoactive, although ETS-10, a titanium-containing zeolite with Ti in octahedral lattice sites, was less so. The low quantum yield residual photoactivity observed with these alcoholic substrates on unmodified zeolites may derive from surface charge transfer complexation, as suggested by diffuse reflectance absorption measurements.


Measurements of nuclear-quadrupole-interaction constants in perovskite-type compounds of PbHf03, SnHf03, CaHf03, and SrHf03 have been performed using the perturbed-angularcorrelation technique. A range of fundamental frequencies from 150 x 106 to 550 x 106 rad/sec was determined. The variation of the quadrupole constants has been discussed through the molecular-orbital theory. A semiempirical formula for the admixture coefficient between d wave functions and p wave functions which describes the covalent bonding present in each AB03 compound has been derived.


A nonequilibrium formula in terms of the depression cone volume is used to predict the drawdown variations in a fully penetrating large diameter well discharging from a leaky aquifer. The derivation of the formula is based on the continuity and Darcy laws. Sets of type curves are presented to find the aquifer and aquitard hydraulic properties. The asymptotic curves, as the leakage diminishes to zero, approximate the type curves for large diameter wells in confined aquifers. Leaky aquifer type curves for drawdowns in the producing well have three distinctive portions. The initial portion is a straightline and it reflects the effect of the well storage. It does not provide any relevant information about either the aquifer or the semipervious layer hydraulic properties. The second portion is a transition from the well storage effect to the complete leakage effect only. The last portion is a horizontal line corresponding to the steady state flow due to leakagev. In fact, the second portion is the most signifi...


A handheld transurethral therapy that delivers targeted sterile water vapor reduces lower urinary tract symptom severity in patients with BPH with no impact on sexual function.


Conditions for the formation of the edge transport barrier (ETB) in tokamaks are investigated by means of onedimensional transport modeling performed for the characteristic parameter range of the TEXTOR tokamak. The computations predict the formation of the ETB at the heating power given by the multi‐machine scaling if the fraction of convective heat losses from the plasma does not exceed 50%. An increase of the amount of heat lost through convection above this critical value shifts the formation of ETB to a power several times above the level given by the scaling. For given plasma parameters, the ratio of the conductive to convective heat losses at the plasma edge is determined by the penetration of neutrals. By switching from a divertor to a limiter configuration when the distance between the LCMS and neutralizing plates decreases, this ratio increases due to the higher fraction of particles ionized inside the last closed magnetic surface (LCMS). This can be the reason for the higher H‐mode power threshold in limiter tokamaks. First experimental results obtained in TEXTOR demonstrate a good agreement of the power required for ETB formation with the value calculated with 1. 5D transport code RITM prior to the experiment. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


HEALTHY ADULTS HAVE A CLOSELY INTERRELATED NUtritional, metabolic, and immune system that regulates food requirements and responds well to short-term nutritional deprivation but not to nutrient excess. However, when critically ill, patients no longer have control over their food intake, and clinicians may administer nutritional support with little understanding of individual patient needs in the light of inflammatory demands, injury responses, and the underlying influences of genotype and age. Because robust evidence about the nutritional requirements for critically ill patients at the various stages of their illness is lacking, particularly when they are acutely ill, clinicians often base nutritional support on "requirements" based on averages and guesswork. Nutritional support in excess of actual requirements may contribute to metabolic stress. In the intensive care unit (ICU), parenteral nutrition can facilitate excessive early provision of nutrients during a period of considerable uncertainty about requirements. This was illustrated in the study by Casaer et al, in which very early targeting of full feeding requirements with parenteral nutrition in the first few days was not beneficial. The authors of that study suggested the possibility that nutrition might suppress the normal activation of acute mechanisms necessary to remove cellular damage. In patients receiving mechanical ventilation, enteral feeding rarely delivers consistently more than 80% of the target full feeding, but it is still reasonable to question whether further restriction of enteral nutrition would be preferable during the early stages of an acute illness. Inthis issueof JAMA,Riceandcolleagues,writingfor theNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network, report findings examining whether there is any advantage to restricting the amount of initial enteral intake among mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury (ALI). The EDEN study was a large, unblinded trial from 44 sites that recruited 1000 patientssoonafterstartingventilationanddevelopingALI(about 80% of which was attributable to primary pneumonias or sepsis). The study hypothesis was that administration of considerably reduced, trophic feeding (about 25% of the target full feeding) during the first 6 days would increase ventilator-free days(VFDs)comparedwithamoreactivelyadvancedconventional full enteral nutrition regimen achieving a target target intakeof80%.Thishypothesiswasnot supportedby thestudy findings: there was no difference between trophic feedings vs full enteral feedings in VFDs or any important secondary end points, includingICUstay,organfailure–freedays,28-daymortality, and 60-day mortality. Nonetheless, this study highlights several important practical points. The majority of these patients can be fed nasogastrically; the majority tolerate gastric residual volumes of 400 mL, measured at 6-hour intervals, without high rates of aspiration or increased ventilator-associated pneumonia; and using a protocolized approach for feeding allows clinicians to deliver a greater volume of the target feeding amounts than prior groups have reported. One potentially confounding factor was that the study was initially combined in a factorial design with another study, the OMEGA trial, which randomized patients to receive a supplement containing omega-3 fatty acids, -linolenic acid, and antioxidants until stopped for futility after 272 patients (27%) had been recruited. The results of the trial by Rice et al cannot be used to conclude that trophic feeding is equivalent to full feeding in critically ill patients. This study was not designed or powered as an equivalence study and does not provide definitive data to informcliniciansabouthowmuchnutritionalsupportisenough, how early it should be started, or even if there should be "no nutritionprovision"intheinitialphaseofcritical illness—acase that has been persistently argued and remains to be tested. The effect of nutrition on an end point such as VFDs does not simply depend on dose and duration but on several other factors. These may include a complex interaction of prior nutritional reserves; the effects of any initial or evolving nutritional deficiency; the extent and severity of the underlying illnesses; the processes of recovery interacting with the metabolic signaling and stress from the nutrients; and the burdens imposed by the complications of providing nutritional support. These factors suggest that not all patients may benefit equally. An important challenge is identifying patients at increased nutritional risk.


the completeness of the orthogonal trigonometric functions, and the eigenspace corresponding to multiple matrix eigenvalues. Some parts of the subject matter, however, appear to be rather old-fashioned. This is particularly so in the chapter on ordinary differential equations, where some of the material could have been more profitably replaced by an introduction to phase plane methods and stability ; and in the chapter on matrices, where no mention is made of linear independence. Other, more minor criticisms, are the use of A for vector products, the use of " boundary conditions " to include initial conditions, and the omission of a description of characteristics for hyperbolic equations (on the grounds of difficulty). The text and diagrams are very clearly printed, and fairly free of misprints—I only found ones on pp. 196,476 and 489. On p. 259 there is an erroneous statement, which may be typographical in origin. It should be noted by prospective purchasers that some knowledge of physics is helpful for some of the examples and exercises, and for the chapter on tensors. A point which should be observed, since this Journal is a Scottish publication, is that the preliminary knowledge assumed is that for the Advanced Level examination in Mathematics for Natural Science, the syllabus for which few Scottish school-leavers have studied. Consequently it may not be possible for this book to fit into the curricula at Scottish universities. Should its material mirror the content of any particular course, I feel it would be a helpful text for the students involved.


Objective To observe the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HO) and free radical antagonists (FRA) on liver fibrosis (LF) in chronic hepatitis (CH) patients.Methods Seventy-two CH patients were ran- domly divided into a HO-FRA group (36 cases) and a control group (36 cases).The patients in the control group received routine treatment,while patients in the HO-FRA group were treated with hyperbaric oxygen,vitamin E and vitamin C.All patients' livers were examined ultrasonically,and liver function and blood fibrosis indices were meas- ured before and after the treatment.Results Compared with those in the control group,the concentrations of blood hyaluronic acid,laminin,precollagen and typeⅣcollagen were all significantly lower in the HO-FRA group.Ultra- sonic imaging showed that the main portal and the splenic vein diameter,and the length and thickness of the spleen had also significantly declined in the HO-FRA group after treatment.Conclusion HO and FRAs can nelp to stave off liver fibrosis as indicated by blood and ultrasonic fibrosis indices.


Plain MRI brain was advised which showed that the left cerebellar hemisphere was hypoplastic and was smaller in size compared to the right side (Fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4 red arrow). The grey and white matter of the cerebellum was normal and did not show any signal changes. The fourth ventricle was normal. The cisterna magna was normal. The vertebral and basilar arteries showed normal flow voids. Discussion:


The aim of the paper is to present an idea of the utilization of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method for industrial pipelines residual stress oriented investigation. For this purpose results of tests performed in laboratory and industrial conditions are presented. Obtained results showed that DIC method gives reliable near drilled hole strain/displacement distribution maps which may be used for accurate residual stress calculations.


A task assignment for complex product collaborative manufacturing is studied in networked manufacturing environment.The production capacity of alliance manufacturers and the due date of complex product are considered;the tolerance allocation which can achieve the assembly request is added.Two mathematical programming models of the problem are proposed respectively with the objective of maximizing the tolerance and minimizing the production costs,transportation costs and quality loss costs.Based on the characteristic of the solutions to the problem,the two stage model is integrated to a whole model.A scatter search approach for the problem is developed,which generates the initial solution by heuristic random methods,and develops subset generation method,solution combination method and improvement method and the reference set update method by the characteristic of the problem.The analysis results for small-sized instances prove the necessity of tolerance constraint,and fifteen instances at different sizes were calculated by the algorithm and the results were compared with the results by genetic algorithm,the simulation results show the rationalization and the effectiveness of the model and the algorithm.


Ubiquitous systems are introducing a new quality of interaction both into our lives and into software engineering. Software becomes increasingly dynamic making frequent changes to system structures, distribution, and behavior necessary. Also, adaptation to user needs and contexts as well as different modalities and communication channels make these systems differ strongly from what has been standard over the last decades.
 Model-driven engineering forms a promising approach for coping with the dynamics and uncertainties inherent to interactive ubiquitous systems (IUS). This workshop discusses models and model-driven architectures addressing the challenges of interaction with and engineering of IUS with regard to the design and runtime.


Jawi is an ancient writing style that originated from Arabic characters but has additional characters to suit certain local pronunciation in the Malay spoken language. Jawi has been the lingua franca in the Malay archipelagos long before the introduction of Roman characters in this part of the world. As such, there are thousands of old manuscripts on the socio-economic development, governance and history of the Malay Archipelagos written in Jawi. These old manuscripts are rich sources of knowledge and thus invaluable reference for learning the culture, traditions, and early history of Malaysia. However, these old manuscripts are not easily accessible for learning or research. Moreover, old Jawi manuscripts are not easily understood because the complexity of the writing, the overlapping of characters, physical condition of the manuscripts, and the absence of a consistent writing style. The mentioned problems have provided the motivation to conduct this research. Digitizing the old Jawi manuscripts and converting old Jawi to modern Jawi will provide solution to the problems. In this context, this research will examine Jawi writing style, its characters and the affinity between Jawi and Arabic characters. The literature review in this research looks at works conducted in the past on line and character segmentation as well as recognition systems. The information gathered is useful for the development of a line segmentation algorithm, a new character segmentation algorithm, as well as a recognition algorithm which is based on the use of a unique code and Hamming distance calculation. This research did not use artificial intelligence techniques to achieve the research goal. The algorithms developed in this research were evaluated against similar algorithms for other recognition methods. The evaluation results show that the proposed approach outperforms the algorithms of other recognition methods used for comparison. Future research in this domain could explore the implementation of a hardware-based Jawi recognition system, development of a character recognition technique to handle different character widths, designing comprehensive manuscript preservation system, and developing a tool for manuscript authentication.


Pulse power loads are assuming increased importance in the development of all-electric naval surface combatants. One possible means for countering the potentially destabilizing effect of pulse loads is by manipulating the power of the propulsion motors to smooth out the variations in system power caused by the pulse loads. Hardware-in-the-loop experiments were conducted with the 2.5 MW motor-dynamometer system at the Center for Advanced Power Systems at Florida State University to test this possibility. RMS variations in system power were successfully reduced and several avenues for controller development were suggested by the results.


In December 2003 a milestone was reached when the first Jumbo self-propelled cutter suction dredger, "J.F.J. de Nul" was commissioned. This happened 17 years after the delivery of "Leonardo da Vinci", one of the last of the foregoing series of self-propelled CSD being delivered. As she is in all aspects larger and more powerful than all its predecessors, "J.F.J. de Nul" is called a Jumbo Cutter Suction Dredger. In the same year 2003 D.E.M.E. also ordered the design of a Jumbo self-propelled CSD. Although she should be very competitive with De Nul's Jumbo, she is in many aspects a completely different concept. Of course there are more roads leading to Rome. In order to make a distinction between the concepts, competing dredging Contractors want to search the outmost competitive design for future new building dredgers. Although she should be versatile, capable to perform well in a range of future, unknown, dredging jobs, she should perform best in one unique well chosen design point. This all is leading to a wide range of different design specifications. This paper considers all the choices that are generally made during the specification and conceptual design phases of a large CSD, such as: • Design aspects dependent on kind of soils and operation area(s) • Dredging depth, capacities • Degree of self-sufficiency, self-propelled or stationary? • If self-propelled: which cutter ladder position (bow or stern oriented) • Seaworthiness in sailing conditions, seagoing dredging capability? • Type and stroke of spud carriage (flexibility required) • Spud handling and hoisting system(s) • Cutter type, diameter, speed, power • Pump characteristics • Diesel-direct or (semi or fully) diesel –electric • Requirements related to noise and vibrations (incl. construction fatigue) • Degree of automation There is no doubt that all those aspects have their interrelations, which ask for tuning. Besides, a lot of developments are going on, which have to be balanced carefully in respect of pros and cons. And, of course, all solutions and choices have their impact on the building price as well as on the exploitation costs.


Background.— Unified health systems often have Family Health Programs (FHPs) as a core component of their preventive and early curative strategies. In Brazil, the FHP is established to proactively identify diseases such as diabetes and hypertension.


The leaves of Ficus capensis were investigated for the phytochemicals, antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antibacterial pr operties. Three samples were evaluated; E.O (essential oils) MWE (methanol ‐ waters extract) and WE (water extract). The contents of bioactive components were quantified and identified by GC/ MS, UV - spectrophotometer and RP-HPLC. The antioxidant capacities were measured using ABTS and DPPH assay expressed as IC 50 (µg/ml).The anti inflammation properties was quantified by the NO in hibition and the antimicrobial by the disk diffusion method. The major compounds identify in E.O are carvacrol (65.78%), �- caryophyllene (29.81), caryophyllene oxide (25.70 %), linalool (3.97%), 3-tetradecanone (2.90 %), geranylacetone (1.20), 3, 7,11-trimethyl-3-hydroxy-6;10dodecadiene-1-yl acetate (1.53 %), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (1.21 %), �caryophyllene (0.81 %), 2-methyl-3-hexyne (0.69 %) and scytalone (0.69%). The total phenolics, total flavonoids, total anthocyani ns and condensed tannins evaluate were (16.47mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE), 6.92 mg catechin equivalent (CE), 9.52 mg cyaniding glucosyl equivalent (CgE), and 4.21 mg catechin equivalent (CE) / gm dw (dry weight) of plant material respectively. Que rcetin dihydrat (4.48 mg/ml) and protocathechuic acid (1.46 mg/ ml) were the major c ompounds identify. The IC 50 value was 10.25 µg/ ml. The results show that these extracts have good antioxidant and antiinflammation properties. The anti microbial analyses suggest that F. capensis can be used in treatment of diseases caused by E. coli and Bacillus subtillis.


In this paper, inventory management system for water supply network is presented. Considering the existing experience in telecommunications network management area, we have made comparison between basic aspects of telecommunications network management and water supply network management. As a first step, we have detected the need for developing water supply network inventory system, covering configuration management functional area. The main goal of this system is to collect, process and store inventory data through graphical user interface, to be presented to network operating personnel. Related work is researched and briefly presented. After that, the inventory management system solution is presented. Complete network structure is modelled as information model in Data Warehouse. Graphical user interface, developed in web technology with Google maps as background, with basic knowledge integrated, is presented. Some basic functions of GUI (graphical user interface) are discussed, such as: logging of network maintenance and repair actions, network planning support and reporting. Finally, we have tried to define future steps for evolution of this inventory management system in complete water supply network solution. Hence, we have made basic discussion related to technical aspects of real-time data collecting in water supply networks, introducing performance and fault management functional areas in water supply network management.


In his description of incest as being both "flre and ice", Sartre was referring to its tendency to polarize human attitudes and to create ambivalence. But he might also have been suggesting that incest may be considered as akin to one of the elements. For in reality, and without denying its evocative potential, incest is basically a fact of life. As such, incest comes within the province of the behavioural sciences and is amenable to study. This present article will essentially review a recent monograph (Maisch, 1973) which examines social, anthropological, sociological, psychoanalytic and comparative forensic aspects of incest, as well as detailing a study performed hy the author, Maisch, on 78 cases of incest presenting to German courts.


This chapter is about the relationship today between the ʿulamaʾ and the daʿiya -that is, the new Islamic media preachers, in their endeavor to form a new Islamic internationalism. Few of the daʿiya are ʿulamaʾ. And those who are have been selected because they commanded other, more media-relevant qualities than those of the average ʿalim . But to examine this phenomenon with relevance to the issue of Islamic internationalism, the chapter begins with a brief discussion of Pan-Islam. Al-Qaradawi became an active member of the Muslim Brotherhood in the late 1940s and was their leading representative among the students of al-Azhar. Finally, the chapter moves to 2006 and the so-called cartoon crisis in order to trace the most direct interaction and confrontation between the new "Islamic" media stars, and the competing attempts at new Islamic internationalism that have sprung from it. Keywords: ʿulamaʾ; Al-Qaradawi; cartoon crisis; daʿiya ; Islamic internationalism; Pan-Islam


The system of the financing of the institutions of higher education in Poland broken into financing of teaching, research activities, assistance to students and the principles of the renumeration plan are discussed in the paper. Regulations regarding state allocations and external funding sources are specified. Also, mechanism which constitute the system of financing, the criteria or algorithm of funds allocations and the amount of subsidies for the specified forms of financing (the structure of budgetary allocations) are presented.


This third edition, expanded by about 200 pages, firmly establishes this work as the standard reference on skeletal muscle. The title, to some extent a misnomer, fails to denote the excellent summary of normal skeletal muscle structure and function that comprises the first 160 pages. Initial discussions on classical histology and physiology remain essentially unchanged from the previous edition. The chapter on biochemical aspects of muscle, with its current bibliography, distills recent information into a readable and intelligible text. This includes discussion of muscle proteins, their mechanism of synthesis, and their interaction to produce the precisely coordinated, highly organized process of muscle contraction. Advances in pathology and physiology necessitated a new chapter on peripheral nerves, which portrays Wallerian degeneration in modern terms. This serves well as a basis for the expanded chapter on clinical aspects of neuropathies. Emerging concepts implicate neuronal dysfunction in certain disorders previously considered as primary muscle


Interlinear glossing is a type of annotation of morphosyntactic categories and crosslinguistic lexical correspondences that allows linguists to analyse sentences in languages that they do not necessarily speak. Automatising this annotation is necessary in order to provide glossed corpora big enough to be used for quantitative studies. In this paper, we present experiments on the automatic glossing of Chintang. We decompose the task of glossing into steps suitable for statistical processing. We first perform grammatical glossing as standard supervised part-of-speech tagging. We then add lexical glosses from a stand-off dictionary applying context disambiguation in a similar way to word lemmatisation. We obtain the highest accuracy score of 96% for grammatical and 94% for lexi-


A printed circuit board having an embedded electronic component and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to minimize a warpage phenomenon generated in mounting the electronic component by including an up and down symmetrical structure. A printed circuit board includes a core substrate(2), a cavity(4), an electronic component(12), and circuit patterns(8,20). The cavity is formed by perforating a part of the core substrate. The electronic component is received in the cavity. The circuit patterns are formed on one surface of the core substrate and cover a part of the electronic component. Thicknesses of the electronic component and a terminal thereof correspond to thicknesses of the core substrate and the circuit patterns respectively.


Ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) heating antennas in LHD are numerically simulated and analyzed by HFSSTM finite-element electromagnetic wave field calculation code. The model includes an accurate vacuum chamber wall of LHD and ICRF antenna structure and a simple model of plasma in a helical configuration. Antenna coupling with plasma is simulated by an artificial freshwater volume with enhanced high permittivity of e = 500-2000. RF current distribution and electromagnetic field distribution on and near the ICRF antenna are analyzed and well elucidated through a comparison with the experimental results. The frequency dependence of experimental loading resistance can be simulated by the calculation, and the RF dissipation on the antenna structure is studied and compared with experimental results. The local high heat load around gaps between the carbon side protectors is well explained, and the effect of gap distance is studied. Comparison with the experimental results reveals that the ICRF heating in the LHD, including the antenna and helical plasma, is well simulated by commercial HFSSTM code analysis. It will also be useful for future improvements in ICRF antenna design in helical devices.


This paper describes the transformational moments created by the telling of three horrifying nightmares of a 10-year-old girl during her treatment. The process of sharing these nightmares allowed this child to share her struggles and needs in a new way, which helped advance the treatment, intensify the patient/therapist relationship and provide her with a new way of accessing and being with another, expanding her repertoire of "implicit relational knowing." These special moments co-created by the patient and therapist were initiated by the reporting of these nightmares and were like the "moments of meeting" described by the Boston Change Process Study Group. The work of the Boston Change Process Study group helped illuminate the special moments discussed in the paper.


Traditionally radiotherapy has been used in a rather inconsistent way as an adjuvant treatment for endometrial cancers. Sometimes vault irradiation has been used, sometimes external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), sometimes both and occasionally chemotherapy. Historically there have even been settings where preoperative radiation was given to downstage tumors but this has generally fallen out of favor. There have been inconsistent approaches in using adjuvant radiotherapy postoperatively to high-risk or intermediate-risk cases (Table 1) and the last few years have seen a refinement in this approach which has been helped by new clinical trial data and meta-analyses that have emerged from a number of important studies.


This report describes the practices of the development life-cycle observed at NASA. Through a number of interviews and surveys of the NASA experience, including current projects such as Aura, CALIPSO, Kepler, SAGE and SOFIA, this research attempts to capture the design methods and culture present. The NASA development methods are shared and compared with industry practices, including gated realization processes, portfolio management, and platform design. The goal of this work is to identify best practices and lessons learned from NASA's design and review experience, benchmark against industry techniques, and develop strategies to improve the process. With better understanding of not only the execution but motivation for the current development life-cycle, any organization can better improve and error-proof its design process


We propose in this study to develop a rapid, reliable, and non-culture method to detect and estimate bacteriophage (phage) titer as an alternative to the routine use of the double agar overlay assay (DLA). The present method is based on the analysis of nanoparticles (NPs) dispersion/aggregation dynamic in interaction with phages. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) were used as nanosensor to detect and monitor virions' titers in aqueous sample. Dispersion stability of TiO2-NPs in aqueous suspension was investigated using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The comparison of NPs spectral profiles with, and without phage was permitted to elucidate the impact of phages titer on NPs dispersion/aggregation behaviour in aqueous solution. Indeed, the increase of nanoparticles dispersion stability is correlated with the increase of phage titer. Thus, based on this result, the phage was considered as a bio-dispersant agent. The determination of area under spectral profiles limiting the UV region [200 - 400nm] was allowed to quantify, and compare the NPs bio-dispersion rate, in relation with added phage at different titers. In this study, this method was applied to monitor the phage amplification cycle for the detection of bacteria in viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state after water treatment by photocatalysis. The analysis of NPs bio-dispersion rate shows an increase of TiO2-NPs dispersion stability correlated with an increase of free phage titration, mainly after the enter of target bacteria in VBNC state underestimated using conventional method. Thus, the use of this method could allow the establishment of new recommendations of wastewater treatment and assessment.


When using modern highly efficient internal combustion engines with lowered potential of exhaust heat the heat recovery systems receive increasing attention. The efficiency of combustion exhaust heat recovery at the low potential level can be enhanced by deep cooling the combustion products below a dew point temperature, which is practically the only possibility for reducing the temperature of boiler exhaust gas, while ensuring the reliability, environmental friendliness and economy of power plant. The aim of research is to investigate the influence of multiplicity of circulation and temperature difference at the exit of exhaust gas boiler heating surfaces, which values are varying as 20, 15, 10 °C, on exhaust gas boiler characteristics. The calculations were performed to compare the constructive and thermal characteristics of the various waste heat recovery circuits and exhaust gas boiler of ship power plant. Their results showed that due to application of condensing heating surfaces in exhaust gas boiler the total heat capacity and steam capacity of exhaust gas boiler increases. The increase of exhaust gas boiler heat capacity is proportional to the growth of its overall dimensions. A direct-flow design of the boiler provides a significant increase in heat efficiency and decrease in dimensions. In addition, a direct-flow boiler circuit does not need steam separator, circulation pump, the capital cost of which is about half (or even more) of heating surface cost.


The axial-vector K l4 -decay form factors given by current algebra have been reevaluated using the vector K l3 -decay form factors and the ratio f K /f π , obtained on the basis of broken chiral SU 3 ⊗SU 3 and SU 3 symmetries. It is shown that the assumption of near constancy of these form factors leads to good agreement with the experimental data, using consistently the single Cabibbo angle sinθ V =sinθ A =0.22.


We develop a general equilibrium model that describes the evolution of land prices and rental rates in a monocentric city. The model explores how differences in a city's borders and land use, i.e., zoning and the presence of undevelopable land, as well as differences in transit technology, i.e., cars versus rail, affect both the level and volatility of land prices. We also consider the effect of alternative production technologies that have different land use intensities and agglomeration externalities. Our analysis indicates that rental rate and price volatility is amplified when agglomeration externalities are stronger, and is dampened when land plays a larger role in production. In some settings land supply constraints and transit costs make rental rates more volatile, but in other settings, they dampen volatility.


Advances in Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) sensor offer new avenues for precise detection, identification and characterization of materials or targets of military interest. HSI technologies are capable of exploiting 10s to 100s of images of a scene collected at contiguous or selective spectral bands to seek out mission-critical objects. In this paper, we develop and analyze several HSI algorithms for detection, recognition and tracking of dismounts, vehicles and other objects. Preliminary work on detection, classification and fingerprinting of dismount, vehicle and UAV has been performed using visible band HSI data. The results indicate improved performance with HSI when compared to traditional EO processing. All the detection and classification results reported in this paper were based on single HSI pixel used for testing. Furthermore, the close-in Hyperspectral data were collected for the experiments at indoor or outdoor by the authors. The collections were taken in different lighting conditions using a visible HSI sensor. The algorithms studied for performance comparison include PCA, Linear Discriminant Analysis method (LDA), Quadratic classifier and Fisher's Linear Discriminant and comprehensive results have been included in terms of confusion matrices and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves.


The recognition of relation between specialty features of urban planning and graduation design were given,the construction of graduation design operation system in urban planning from a view of specialty features were discussed,and some constructive suggestions in the important component parts such as graduation practice,subject selection,design stages,the respondent,assessment methods,and quality control,were also given to improve the graduate design quality of urban planning specialty.


The operating system owns the standard abnormality interface, and the high-performance processor has independent system architectures. This paper explored the possibility to achieve the abnormality association of the operating system and the processor. The researcher designed the experimental method - counterfeit vectors (CV) - on the basis of the two different systems. The vectors route jump (VRJ) method was found in the experiment debugging. It directly pointed to the interface of operating system through abnormality vectors, thus improved the efficiency of the abnormality response. The two methods resolve the problem that the non-remap processor is not able to achieve abnormality association with the operating system. The abnormal response-time and the system efficiency achieve that of the remap processor


Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has been a paramount mechanism of interest in recent literature addressing the origins of biological evolution. However, research on lightning-triggered electroporation represents the innovative and still insufficiently grasped approach to HGT (Kotnik, 2013). On the other hand, prebiotic synthesis is a fundamental process for chemical evolution. Recently, the effects of volcanic lightning on nitrogen fixation and phosphate reduction have also been considered (Navarro-González and Segura, 2004). This paper aims to present a top-down approach to the question of the origin of life on early Earth. By considering the conditions necessary for the emergence of biological and chemical evolution, emphasizing electrostatic discharges, we will attempt to link previous theoretical and experimental research. Furthermore, we will present a recent endeavor at applying the Drake equation to calculating the probability of volcanic lightning impact on the prebiotic synthesis and derive a similar use in estimating the contribution of lightning to HGT (Weaver, 2013). We will also display that choosing a type of probability appropriate for the context of life sciences is not necessarily a quantitative issue. Finally, we will show that significant conceptual constraints, like determining the relevant factors and sources of uncertainty when considering the origin of life on early Earth, are fundamentally philosophical issues. We hope that the results of our research - deriving Drake's equation in the domain of chemical evolution and considering Bayesian and counterfactual types as potentially more suitable candidates for calculating probabilities in the evolutionary framework - will contribute to developing new discussions in life sciences.


Modern submarine cable systems usually provide bidirectional transmission over a single cable with repeaters which use a common amplifier for both directions of transmission. The signals for the two directions of transmission occupy separate frequency bands. Under normal loads, the amplifier is highly linear and there is negligible interaction of the signals in the two bands. However, when approaching overload, intermodulation in the repeaters may transfer appreciable power between bands. It has been discovered that this feedback, especially in the presence of large misalignments, can result in a system that maintains itself in overload. Such a system, once excited by a momentary signal or noise peak, generates sufficient intermodulation noise to keep itself overloaded, even in the absence of any further external signal. This paper describes the occurrence which drew attention to this phenomenon, presents an analytical approach used to predict stability margins for any given repeater, and describes the action taken to ensure the stability of the SF Submarine Cable System.


This study investigated the state-trait distinction of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the complexity of this and three other self-report depression inventories (Carroll Depression Scale-Revised [CDS-R] and the State-Depression [S-Dep] and Trait-Depression [T-Dep] subscales of the Self-Analysis Questionnaire). In Study l, participants (170 men, 275 women) were administered the BDI, the S-Dep, and the T-Dep. Correlation analysis supported higher relationships between the BDI and T-Dep for women but not for men. Regression results showed T-Dep to be a better predictor of the BDI than S-Dep for both men and women. Four factors were extracted through factor analysis: Cognitive-Affective, Dysthymic, Euthymic, and Physiological. Study 2 investigated the BDI, T-Dep, S-Dep, and CDS-R in a subsample (95 men, 122 women) of participants. Factor analysis yielded factors similar to those in Study I. Results indicated that clinicians and researchers should be knowledgeable about the aspects of depression that self-report inventories assess before making conclusions based on one particular measure.


Kapusta and colleagues' (2003) assertions are disappointing. Method restriction can indeed provide effective suicide prevention. However, other researchers explicitly recognize the importance of nuance and caveat when applying method restriction strategies, openly acknowledging that research findings vary across (for instance) populations and sub-populations, methods, age groups, sexes, amd geographic locations. Some studies find substantial effects, others find little impact.... Language: en


Chiral bis(oxazoline)–copper complexes can be easily immobilized onto anionic solids or in ionic liquids and used as catalysts in cyclopropanation reactions. The efficiency and recovery of the catalysts are strongly dependent on the stability of the complex. In the case of a highly stable bis(oxazoline)–copper complex, both solid supports and ionic liquids allow efficient recovery of the catalyst with results quite similar to those obtained in molecular solvents. However, ionic liquids are clearly better when the complex is not so stable. In this case, the nature of both the anion and cation, the presence of water and the method used to synthesize the ionic liquid have a noticeable influence on both catalytic performance and catalyst recovery. Enantioselectivity is also influenced by the ionic liquid/catalyst molar ratio.


Unsaturated flow phenomena, such as unstable wetting fronts and preferential flow, cannot be investigated using small‐scale sampling. Dye tracer experiments can help visualize the dynamics of water flow but are destructive and therefore irreproducible. We investigated the applicability of high‐resolution ground penetrating radar (GPR) for nondestructive visualization of unsaturated flow patterns arising from a forced infiltration experiment. Synthetic studies using a reflection GPR two‐dimensional finite difference time domain modeling code indicated that differences in water content caused by preferential flow and fingering could be resolved. Moisture content contrasts down to approximately 2.5% within the top 2 m were detectable, but with increasing degrees of heterogeneity in the subsurface it becomes difficult to distinguish these moisture content changes. We conducted a field experiment in which 100 mm (900 L) of Brilliant Blue dyed water was infiltrated across a 3‐ by 3‐m area in relatively homogenous and undisturbed sandy alluvial sediments. Reflection GPR data were collected before and after infiltration. Dye‐staining patterns, revealed by excavating a 2‐m‐deep trench through the infiltration area, were compared with changes in the GPR data. Reflection amplitude changes as well as reflection delay revealed significant differences within the dye‐stained area. The GPR data provided information about the unsaturated flow below the extent of the dye staining, and the results of the synthetic GPR modeling, as well as the observed changes in the real GPR data set, underline the potential of reflection GPR as a nondestructive method to map unsaturated flow phenomena.


This paper discusses the principle of vertical form method(VFM) and the way of its computation.According to the extreme condition of the Dimension Chain(DC) computation of Fitting Method(FM),by the other extreme of the closed loop changed by tolerance after out of tolerance,this article applied flexibly VFM to get the data of compensation loop.


The report aims to give a critical review on various ground improvement methods that involve in-situ mixing and/or injection of stabilising agents in the form of powder or slurry into soft clays. The project was initiated by Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA), given the problems in Norway associated with slopes of marginal stability. This project is also a part of the Natural hazards – infrastructure for floods and slides (NIFS) project initiated by the Norwegian National Rail Administration (JBV), the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) and the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA).The report will focus on installation methods that are applicable for ground improvement in soft sensitive clays, with the aim of identifying installation methods that minimise pore pressure build-up during installation as well as deformations. The methods considered include both dry and wet deep soil mixing and various other potential methods, including electro-osmotic injection of stabilising agents into the soft soil. Additionally, an evaluation of the achieved effect on strength parameters resulting from the use of wet slurry versus dry mixing is conducted.


Foundations of English Studies is a foundational course in literary genres, close reading techniques, and conventions for literary analysis. Use this interactive form to refine a topic and create search terms.


Robert Michael William Ferguson, Raffaella Villa and Frédéric Coulon (2014) Bioengineering options and strategies for the optimization of anaerobic digestion processes. Environmental Technology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 09593330.2014.907362 When the above article was first published online, the article was wrongly published in the journal Environmental Technology. This has now been corrected in online version to Environmental Technology Reviews. Taylor & Francis apologises for this error.


Data from the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth are used to examine the link between family background and maternal scoring on the Armed Forces Qualification Test and childrens scores on cognitive tests. Childrens testing was based on Peabody tests. The sample included Black and non-Black non-Hispanic (White) women and children among a cohort who were aged 14-22 years in 1979. A key finding is that each additional year of poverty experienced in the family unit typically reduced the childs percentile ranking on standardized tests particularly the Picture Vocabulary tests for Black children; more than an additional year of education for the mother raised it. The disparity in test scores between Black and White children is viewed as explained by the three times greater number of years of poverty among Black children. The authors view Murray and Hernsteins interpretations in "The Bell Curve" as diminishing the impact of environmental influences on measured cognitive ability and incorrectly attribute intellectual capacity as a fixed endowment. There were no ethnic differences observed in test results for children on the Peabody Reading Recognition and Reading Comprehension tests. The Peabody Mathematics (12 percentage points lower for Black children) and Peabody Picture Vocabulary tests (about 2 percentage points lower) showed different scores based on ethnic group only when interactive family structure and poverty histories were not included. Current marital status and length of time since the last marital status change were not closely related to cognitive ability of children. Having ever lived in a single female-headed household had variable impacts depending upon ethnic group and measure selected. Estimation techniques were based on the theoretical work of Becker and Tomes Peters Solon Zimmerman Altonji and Dunn and Hill and ONeill.


Gel grown lead iodate crystals doped by 0.04 M cobalt were characterized by Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and thermo analytical techniques (thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses). The Fourier transforms infrared and Raman spectrum reveals various vibrational modes characterizing particular functional group. The investigation confirms the existence of iodate group. Thermal analysis shows that thermal stability of lead iodate crystals decreases slightly due to cobalt doping. The effect of doping is reported and discussed in detailed.


A novel antenna is presented consisting of an array of multisegment dielectric resonator antennas fed by a multilayer microstrip branch-line network. A prototype array has been designed and fabricated at X-band and its measured performance includes a gain peak of 15.4 dBi with a 3 dB gain bandwidth of 17% and an efficiency of 66%. This array can be used as a medium gain, wideband antenna, or can form a subarray in a large low-profile structure for high gain applications.


This study aims to describe the evaluation of the quality of equality education services in PKBM Citra Ilmu in Semarang Regency, as well as supporting factors and inhibiting factors. This research uses descriptive qualitative approach. Research subjects are founder, program leader, tutor, and learning residents. The data were collected by: (1) observation, (2) documentation, and (3) interview. Methods of data analysis conducted by: (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data presentation, and (4) drawing conclusions or verification. The results of this study reveal that: (1) service quality evaluation is able to face the challenge of education service for the future, (2) its supporting factor is accredited by institution and BAN-PNFI program, and the inhibiting factor is lack of proper salary for tutor.


In this article, we draw on our experiences of law reform in Ireland to explore how to create a definition of consent to sex that is inclusive of people with cognitive disabilities. Using critical disability and feminist theory, we give the context in which capacity to consent to sex law is currently operating. We critique the law on the basis that it holds people with cognitive disabilities to a different standard of sexual decision-making than others. We tell the story of the movement in Ireland to reform such law and our experiences working collaboratively with artists, disabled people's organisations and parliamentarians to achieve change.


This report presents the development of the Gain Weighted Eigenspace Assignment methodology. This provides a designer with a systematic methodology for trading off eigenvector placement versus gain magnitudes, while still maintaining desired closed-loop eigenvalue locations. This is accomplished by forming a cost function composed of a scalar measure of error between desired and achievable eigenvectors and a scalar measure of gain magnitude, determining analytical expressions for the gradients, and solving for the optimal solution by numerical iteration. For this development the scalar measure of gain magnitude is chosen to be a weighted sum of the squares of all the individual elements of the feedback gain matrix. An example is presented to demonstrate the method. In this example, solutions yielding achievable eigenvectors close to the desired eigenvectors are obtained with significant reductions in gain magnitude compared to a solution obtained using a previously developed eigenspace (eigenstructure) assignment method.


Abstract Substantial progress in experimental results was demonstrated over the last three years at the GDT facility (a hydrogen prototype of a fusion neutron source) in the Budker Institute: the electron temperature has been increased up to 0.6 keV, and the relative plasma pressure β has exceeded 0.5 in a quasi-stationary regime. These parameters are records for axisymmetric open mirror traps. The first part of this paper presents the results of numerical simulations for a moderate fusion neutron source based on the achieved GDT experimental data. The second part of the paper is focused on the latest numerical studies of a fusion-fission hybrid system with a mirror-based neutron source.


In this paper results are presented on the changes induced by emissive electrode biasing in the ISTTOK edge transport. The boundary plasma is characterized with focus on the relation between E × B sheared flows and particle transport. We suggest that the distinct behaviour of the particle confinement for positive and negative bias observed in ISTTOK is related to the low E × B shear induced by positive bias in the core periphery region associated with the appearance of large amplitude fluctuations. In addition, the effect of the electrode bias on the edge turbulent transport has been investigated identifying the changes induced in the fluctuations frequency spectrum and probability density function. We have shown that negative electrode bias reduces the propagation of large-scale events, making the fluctuations distribution more Gaussian and resulting in low amplitude fluctuations across most of the edge plasma region. For positive bias, large amplitude broad spectrum fluctuations appear in the core periphery, which increase the cross-field diffusion and contribute to the observed asymmetry in particle transport with the bias polarity.


Geoffrey Hill's long poem The Mystery of the Charity of Charles Peguy is a meditation on the French poet Charles Peguy, on the values he embodied and their relationship to the world he lived in and to History in general. Hill has a dual approach: he demonstrates a ruthless clarity throwing light on a historical reality that denies the values Peguy advocated, while appreciating Peguy's spiritual greatness. Hill feels drawn towards his idealism but he acknowledges its dangers and uses an ironic distance to counterbalance it. He investigates the concept of heroism and at the same time that of innocence, an innocence which is aware of tragedy. This celebration of innocence is but short-lived, for the ideal is soon corrupted and appropriated by History, and becomes a dead letter. In the end Peguy will not pass a message and his "Charity" remains a mystery, but his poetry is his legacy. Peguy's influence on poets and on Hill himself is what Hill's poem ultimately celebrates.


In a prospective study, the diagnostic accuracy of three- dimensional magnetic resonance imaging in the evalu ation of ruptures of the lateral ligaments of the ankle was determined by comparing three-dimensional mag netic resonance findings with operative findings. In a series of 18 consecutive cases of acute significant inversion trauma to the ankle, a three-dimensional fast imaging with steady-state precession pulse sequence (3D FISP) was performed. The study included only those cases in which views showed a difference in talar tilt of 15° or more, and a difference in anteroposterior drawer of 10 mm or more between the imaged and the normal ankle. All ankles were scheduled for surgical exploration. Compared with operative findings, the sen sitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 3D FISP imaging were, respectively, 100%, 50%, and 94.4% for ruptures of the anterior talofibular ligament and 91.7%, 100%, and 94.4% for ruptures of the calcaneofibular ligament. We believe that 3D FISP magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive, fast, and very accurate diagnostic aid to operative planning for double ligament tears in younger competitive athletes.


A series of sites were investigated in order to assess the Late Pliensbachian nannoplankton biogeography and its possible causes. Four Late Pliensbachian basins, belonging to the circum-Mediterranean area were compared. These include the Marcoux, Limonest and Therme de Digne sections in the French Subalpine basin, the Longobucco, Taormina and Burano sections in the Liguria-Piedmont basin, the Peniche and Tomar sections in the Lusitanian basin, and the Genuardo section the Imerese-Sicano basin. Quantitative data on nannofossil assemblages were gathered for each site. The trends exhibited in the relative and absolute abundances of species, wt% CaCO3 content and diversity measurements provide revealing biogeographic information. When attempting to figure out nannoplankton palaeobiogeography, the depiction of the spatial distribution of water masses represents a fundamental preliminary step as nannoplankton inhabited the upper water column. Starting with the palaeotectonic setting provided by Schettino and Turco (2007), emerged lands, carbonate platforms, epicontinental seas and ocean branches were overlaid to create a palaeogeographic map for the Late Pliensbachian. Palaeogeography and sedimentary features suggest that the circum-Mediterranean area, in the Late Pliensbachian, was characterized by two different biprovinces. A South-East bioprovince (i. E. Mediterranean) corresponding to the Apulian margin of the Liguria-Piedmont opening ocean and a North-West biprovince (i. E. NW European), corresponding to the European margin. The comparison between the studied sections has been done through an intra-basinal and inter-basinal approach. The intra-basinal analysis compares calcareous nannofossil assemblages from two sections, Peniche and Tomar, which were deposited in distal and proximal environments, respectively, with respect to the emerged Iberian Meseta. This comparison suggests that the Crepidolithus crassus taxon proliferated in deeper and distal environments meanwhile Placolith-coccoliths, such as Lothariungius, Similiscutum and Biscutum, preferred the proximal areas. The inter-basinal comparison reveals that the oligotrophic Apulian domain, supported a nannofossil assemblage dominated by Schizosphaerella spp. And Mitrolithus jansae while the European domain, likely eutrophic, supported a different coccolith assemblage dominated by C. Crassus. The herein presented results suggest the existence of two well differentiated Late Pliensbachian nannoplankton bioprovinces: the NW European, corresponding to the European margin, and the Mediterranean bioprovince, corresponding to the Apulian margin. This research highlight that the Late Pliensbachian nannofossil assemblages are partitioned according to nutrient-differentiated environment. In the studied area eutrophy and oligotrophy are related to the existence of emerged lands and carbonate platform environments, therefore to the palaeogeography. In a region such as the circum-Mediterranean where epicontinental seas, carbonate platforms and oceans coexist, palaeogeography plays a primary role in characterizing the marine environment and thus the marine fossil distribution.


Printing and dyeing waster water was decolorized by flocculant ferrous salt.Influences of time of centrifucation,pH value and dosage of ferrous salt were studied.The coagulation with ferrous salt was analyzed by spectrophotometric.Experimental results showed that the decolorization rate was more than 90% under the right conditions.So the effect was significant.


Abstract A technique was developed for direct measurements of gas temperatures in the range of 2050K-2700K with improved accuracy and reproducibility. The technique utilized the low-emittance of certain pure, metal-oxide fibers whose diameters varied from 60 – 400μm in the experiments. The uncertainty of the technique was limited by the uncertainty in the melting points of the materials, i.e. ±15K. The abrupt increase in the emittance of the fibers upon melting was utilized as indication of reaching a known gas temperature. The accuracy of the technique was confirmed by both the fiber-diameter independence of the results and by the calculated low emittance values of transparent fibers, of order 0.01 al a few degrees below their melting point. This melting-point temperature was approached by increments smaller than 4K, accomplished by controlled increases of reactant flow rates in H2/air or H2/O2 flames. As applications, the technique was used (a) for assessing the uncertainty in thermocouple measurements for inferring gas temperatures, and (b) for calibrating an IR camera to measure gas temperatures, thereby demonstrating its capability as an excellent calibration reference.


High permittivity Bi24Fe2O39 (BFO) thin films have been deposited on platinized silicon substrates by a low temperature process combining rf magnetron sputtering at room temperature and postdeposition annealing at 450 °C. A nearly pure tetragonal crystal structure with highly (201)-preferred orientation, determined by x-ray diffraction, was formed in the BFO thin film. The BFO film not only exhibits high dielectric permittivity (er=113) and relatively low loss tangent (tan δ=0.012), but also shows a fairly small quadratic voltage coefficient of capacitance (α∼800 ppm/V2) and a small temperature coefficient of capacitance (αT∼790 ppm/°C). Moreover, the leakage current density, obeying the Fowler–Nordheim tunneling mechanism, remains at a reasonably low level with the increase in applied electric field (J∼10−6–10−4 A/cm2 under E=400 kV/cm). These attractive dielectric and electrical properties make the low temperature processed Bi24Fe2O39 thin film a promising candidate for high-k dielectric applications in...


Abstract Selective hydrogenolysis of Sn( n -C 4 H 9 ) 4 on a Ni/SiO2 catalyst has been carried out at various temperatures and at various coverages of the metallic surface by the organotin(IV) compound. The surface reaction was followed by chemical analysis of the gaseous and surface products, electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and EXAFS measurements. At room temperature, and in the absence of metallic particles, Sn( n -C 4 H 9 ) 4 is simply physisorbed on the silica surface and can be easily extracted by n -heptane. In the presence of metallic Ni, and provided that the amount of Sn introduced represents less than ca. a monolayer of the metallic surface, hydrogenolysis of Sn( n -C 4 H 9 ) 4 occurs exclusively on the Ni particles, as evidenced by STEM-EDAX measurements, infrared spectroscopy, and EXAFS measurements. Analysis of the gaseous products evolved at increasing temperatures, infrared measurements, and EXAFS measurements indicate a stepwise cleavage of Sn-alkyl bonds. At temperatures lower than 323 K, there is formation of relatively stable surface organometallic fragments which can be formulated as Ni s [Sn( n -C 4 H 9 ) x ] y in which "Ni- s " represents surface nickel atoms ( x = 2, 3). The stoichiometry of the surface reaction leading to stable surface organometallic fragments depends both on the surface coverage ( y ) of the nickel particle by the organometallic compound and on the temperature of the hydrogenolysis. For the sample obtained after hydrogenolysis at 323 K for 10 h and for a Sn/Ni s ratio of 0.5, an average of 2.5 butyl groups remain on the surface. The EXAFS experiments (at the Sn K -edge) carried out on such a sample show that adsorbed Sn is surrounded on average by 2.5 light backscatterers (very probably C type) and by 1.3 heavy backscatterers (most probably Ni). Various possible structures have been proposed, taking into account the results of the analytical and EXAFS data, as well as the magnetic and chemisorption measurements. For reaction temperatures greater than 373 K, all butyl groups are hydrogenolysed mainly as butane. STEM-EDAX experiments show that, provided that the amount of Sn introduced is lower than a monolayer of the Ni s , the signal of Sn is always associated with that of Ni, indicating the lack of migration of tin to silica. Electron microscopy indicates that the average metallic particle size on the surface increases by a value of about 1.5 nm. For a Sn/Ni s ratio of 0.5, EXAFS studies show that each "naked" tin atom is surrounded by 4 Ni atoms of less, suggesting that tin atoms have not migrated into the nickel particles. Magnetic measurements suggest that each tin atom has then the same magnetic effect as 4.5 chemisorbed hydrogen atoms.


The focus of this paper is to examine Nigeria's military operations in the Lake Chad Basin of Africa. This area has witnessed hybrid threats over the years which Nigeria most times conducts military operations. However, with the advent of the Boko Haram insurgents, the threats have increased, exerting much pressure on the Nigerian forces. It is against this background that this research attempts to examine Nigeria's operations in the Chad Basin with particular reference to Operation Restore Order I, II, and III, Operation BOYONA, and Operation Zaman Lafiya. The research also examines the role played by the Civilian Joint Task Force against insurgent forces in the area as well as civil-military relations perceptions in these operations over time.


In recent years, numerous reports concerning the reduced relaxivity of cell-internalized contrast agents (CA) have been made (e.g. [1], [2]). This reduction is caused by the compartmentalization of CA inside the cells and has already been thoroughly investigated [3]. The aim of this study was to develop a method to correctly quantify the density of cell populations with intracellular CA despite the presence of quenching effects.


Building on Nietzsche's view of power, Foucault developed an original analysis of power by making use of concepts like "disciplinary power," "bio-power," "governmentality," etc.; however, existing studies have not sufficiently examined his reading of Nietzsche's works on this topic.  Therefore, in order to clarify the connection between the two, this article examines Foucault's reading of Nietzsche in detail.  Firstly, this article examines the notion of "force" which Foucault recognized is at the center of Nietzsche's view of power, and will explicitly shows its conceptual determinations.  In doing so, this paper will also clarify related notions such as "event," "body" and "history," and thus bring to light the general principle of force.  In addition, Foucault focused on the point at which Nietzsche—using these principles—radically reinterpreted a central concept of human intellectual activity, namely knowledge.  Therefore, this article secondly examines how knowledge is formed under the principle of force, and explicitly shows the general mechanism of knowledge.  Finally, the article explains that Nietzsche's view of power is understood by Foucault as the duality between force and knowledge; in other words, as an ontology of force.


Providing the most comprehensive picture to date of the business school computing, communication, and information environment, this year's survey extends the focus of the Fourth Survey (1987) and raises the question: how to most effectively manage these resources.


It got the detour phase hologram and Boqi hologram using the Matlab language,and got reconstructed image by Fourier transformation. The characteristics of two computing holograms were elaborated,and the quality,quantity,size,program running speed of the reconstructed image were made a comparison. Computing hologram with Detour phase is easy to record and convenient delivery. Boqi coding are used to get the modified off-axis reference beam as computing hologram has a high quality reconstructed image,and computing speed is faster. The complex two-dimensional images which can consider using this encoding method to calculate the holographic.


A survey of Panama wilt of banana was conducted in different districts of Bihar i.e. Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, Samastipur, Darbhanga, Katihar, Purnea, Bhagalpur, Kishanganj and Saharsa. This disease was present in all the districts with different levels of percent wilt index. In the Vaishali belt (Zone–I), the maximum percent wilt index was recorded in the Vaishali district (30-45%) in cv. Malbhog (AAB) having sucker planting material in the year 2019-20. In the Koshi belt (Zone-II), the percent wilt index (External symptom) was highest in Purnea district (34-42%) in cv. Robusta (AAA) followed by district Saharsa (28-40%) and Kishanganj (25-38%). The lowest percent wilt index was found in districts Bhagalpur (22-38%) and Katihar (24-38%) in the year 2019-20. Panama wilt of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 was recorded in the Koshi belt (Zone-II) having cv. Grand naine (AAA) and cv. Robusta (AAA) in Bihar only. While in Vaishali belt (Zone-I) was free from incidence of Fusarium wilt of banana incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4.


This research work Inflow of tourists in the waterfall "Salto del Armadillo" and its impact on the economic development of sector 14, Canton el Carmen, province of Manabi, 2019, aims to show the importance of the waterfall Salto del Armadillo to improve the economy of the sector the 14th and the necessary thing that is to establish a plan of tourist promotion.

Chapter I analyzes information on the international, national, local and institutional context; the problematic situation is established, the problem and its causes are stated, the delimitation of the research is also detailed to focus the object of study, the importance of the investigation is detailed by means of the justification and later the objectives are established.

Chapter II is formed by the theoretical framework, where the concepts of each variable are written detailing them in order to have a clearer idea about the problem; in the background of the research shows similar studies to our research topic that other researchers have executed; besides pointing out the category of analysis; the theoretical position; and finally the hypothesis with its respective subhipotesis was elaborated.

Chapter III details the research methods used; and the data obtained through the research instrument that was the survey, the results are shown through tables and graphs for better understanding; In addition, the recommendations and conclusions are established.


Abstract Investigations with the electron microscope on γ-irradiated single crystals of LiH have revealed the presence of cubic voids, or bubbles. These bubbles are crystallographically oriented, principally with their sides parallel to the (100) planes of the LiH crystals. Bubbles range in size from ∼ 75 A to ∼ 1500 A. Average bubble size increases with increasing irradiation dose and irradiation temperature, with temperature affecting size the most, by far. These bubbles are believed to be responsible for large swelling seen in irradiated LiH by Souers, Blake, Penpraze and Cline (1969).


A strategy for enhancing the common-mode (CM) suppression of a band-notched UWB closed-aperture antenna is proposed. The antenna circuit consists of a differentially coplanar-waveguide-fed hexagonal-aperture antenna and a pair of wave-trapping slotline resonators for producing a 5.5 GHz notch band. The enhancement of the CM suppression was achieved by setting the dimension of the aperture along the longitudinal direction (i.e. the direction parallel to the feedlines) small enough, so that the first resonant mode of the CM half-circuit of the aperture antenna can be pushed beyond the differential-mode (DM) UWB passband. A fabricated balanced band-notched UWB antenna was measured to have a 10 dB DM passband of 3–11.2 GHz with a notch band of 5.1–6.1 GHz. Good measured CM suppression was observed with a maximum return loss of 2.9 dB in the DM UWB passband.


There have been a growing number of partnerships between universities and nonprofits to conduct community-based research to understand important racial group disparities and develop community capacity. However, these relationships can be unbalanced and fraught with challenges. This resource paper offers a discussion of seven considerations that can assist university researchers in developing accountable and equitable partnerships. We also provide suggestions on how these steps may vary for Asian American and Pacific Islander groups and how to create mutually beneficial agreements that respect both parties and their goals.


Amartya Sen,who "rebuilds the ethical lay of economics",is called "conscience of economics".He argues that freedom is not only the first target of the development but also an important means to promote.His ideas of "development as freedom" have inspirational significance to build a harmonious society for us.