We have read with interest the article by Anami et al. [1], which focused on skip micrometastasis in left lung cancer. The authors report their retrospective experience with 19 patients who underwent bilateral thoracoscopic mediastinal nodal dissection (BMD) compared with 25 unilateral dissection (UMD). Considering that the unsatisfactory survival observed in Stage I, left-sided, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is most likely related to a higher incidence of occult controlateral nodal involvement (N3), many authors have suggested complete clinical staging with right nodal biopsies. We routinely sample right paratracheal nodes in left upper NSCLC with mediastinoscopy since this allows us to turn the patient just once intraoperatively, avoiding the need for bilateral chest tubes. However, we congratulate the authors because there were no significant differences between the groups regardless of the bilateral approach used. The authors have reported on two topics already separately investigated, namely micrometastases and skip metastases, although uniquely focusing on the selective population with both N3 skip nodal involvement and micrometastases. We would like to highlight some points concerning their findings. First, only 1 of the 19 patients was upstaged at pathological examination, but molecular studies revealed that 11 of the 19 were affected by micrometastases, determining a further upstaging. The possibility of controlateral nodal involvement has been already demonstrated, with an incidence of 21–44%, concurring with the 8 of 19 cases. However, it is remarkable that in 7, there were skip micrometastases. This suggests that controlateral nodal involvement is rarely predicted by pN1/N2 and that its evaluation based on routine pathological investigation may lead to downstaging. Consequently, controlateral nodal biopsies should always be performed, and in particular molecular studies encouraged, leading to the result that bilateral surgical staging and resection should always be done at two different times. The other topic is the relevance of N3 skip metastasis to prognosis. There are contrasting opinions on the significance of N2 skip metastases on survival and no data on N3 skip micrometastases. However, it has been reported that patients staged as pN0/N1 with micrometastases have the same survival as pN2 [2, 3] and that micrometastases strongly correlate with prognosis [4]. Patients with BMD had better overall and disease-free survival than UMD, although not statistically significant. Nevertheless, patients with skip N3 micrometastases are all alive without disease recurrence, while 5 of 25 UMD died due to cancer relapse (pTNM of this last group is not reported). This suggests that BMD correlates with a better survival and that N3 skip micrometastases do not contraindicate surgery. Unfortunately, the authors did not report if N3 skip micrometastases involved one or multiple nodes [5] and if patients underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. These limitations and the small population of the study do not allow for conclusions to be drawn, however, their data encourage better investigation of some topics. Does N3 skip micrometastases detection guarantee a more efficient preoperative prognostic staging? Does an N3 micrometastatic finding contraindicate surgery or should nodal dissection be considered therapeutic? We congratulate the authors for this interesting paper giving the cue for further studies.


e15517 Background: Recent reports suggest that estrogen mediated inhibition of IL-6 protects against the development of HCC and may explain the decreased risk of liver cancer in women. We investigated the relation-hip between gender, age, and survival for patients with localized HCC.

METHODS
We identified 11,097 patients with localized, histologically defined HCC, from 1988- 2003, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. Age at diagnosis, sex, ethnicity, and overall survival were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards model. The models were adjusted for treatment modality, tumor differentiation, tumor size, lymph node involvement, and number of lesions; they were stratified by year of diagnosis and SEER registry site.

RESULTS
8,111 (73%) patients were men and 2,986 (27%) were women. In univariate and multivariate analyses, female gender, young age (< 55 yo), and Asian ethnicity were all associated with improved overall survival (p<0.001). In patients less than 55 yo, women had a superior OS and cancer specific survival (CSS) when compared to men (OS: 18 months vs. 9, CSS: 31 months vs. 14, p<0.001). Conversely, in patients older than 55, there were no gender differences (OS: 8 months vs. 8, CSS 13 months vs. 11, p = 0.08). Local therapies, including, ablation (HR = 0.47 [0.43-0.53]), hepatectomy (HR = 0.40 [0.36-0.44]), radiation (HR = 0.67 [0.57-0.78]) and transplantation (HR = 0.17 [0.15-0.20]) were also associated with improved survival. There were no interactions identified between gender and treatment use.

CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this is the first report to highlight the superior outcome of premenopausal women with HCC compared to men. We postulate a potential role for estrogen in influencing the biology of HCC and the response to treatment. These observations are consistent with ones made in other gastrointestinal cancers and with reported preclinical data suggesting a protective role for estrogen. Further studies that confirm these observations and elucidate the biology of estrogen's influence on HCC are needed. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Vacuum is applied to a groove (12) in the support area of a chip ejector (6). A wafer table is moved vertically relative to a stripping edge (18) of a ramp (16) in the ejector, so as to pull the foil over the stripping edge, during which the chip detaches from the foil and falls on foil portion over the support area. The chip is then picked out. - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for semiconductor chip mounting apparatus.


Automatic identification of fetal QRS complex plays a vital role in monitoring the fetal heart's well-being. Noninvasive fetal electrocardiograms seem to be a promising approach for detecting fetal heart rates. The underlying challenge in processing abdominal ECG is eliminating maternal components and other noises to estimate an accurate fetal heart rate. A novel technique using time frequency image representation of abdominal ECG which can directly identify the fetal QRS complex is proposed in the paper. The TFI representation of abdominal signals benefits in presence of rich feature set and enhances the identification of fetal QRS. Abdominal ECG is represented as time-frequency images using Stockwell transform and input to the ResNet architecture. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using the 2013 challenge database. The proposed algorithm achieved an accuracy of 88.34, precision of 92.89, recall of 83.33, and F1 score of 87.85. The area under the ROC curve for the approach is 0.89. The obtained results proof that ST features are well suitable for detecting FQRS complex from the abdominal signals.


The tunnel evacuation design should firstly ensure the people's life safety.Therefore the occupant evacuation model——TUNEV(tunnel evacuation) was developed.The model contains simple database of the people's behavior and parameters of tunnel fireproofing structure.By the simulation results the deficiency of fire design can be found to provide references for people's evacuation scheme.Moreover,the model can also work as an adjutant tool of fireproofing exercises.This article described some relevant concepts of the model in detail and an evacuation simulation of an object-Xuefeng tunnel was given out by using this model.Finally the model's validation and actual application was described briefly.


The Suzhi HPP is an example of success in the development and construction mode of "Large station promoting small one" executed by the Yellow River Upstream Hydropower Development Company,setting a new record for shortest construction period among similar projects in China.The Suzhi hydropower project is characterized by high quality rate above 90%,safety with zero death and cost lower than similar projects in China for the period.The experience accumulated from this project in construction and management of middle-sized hydropower stations brings a new way for cascade station development on the Yellow River in the future,and is worth of reference and promotion.


in order to understand the morphological structure characteristics of the stomach and intestinal tract of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis, we observed and studied the morphological and histological structure characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis by means of anatomy, tissue section and light microscopy. The results show that the stomach of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis is U-shaped, and the intestinal tract is composed of three parts: foregut, midgut and hindgut. The coefficient of intestinal tract is 1.42 ± 0.20. The stomach and intestine consist of mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer and serosa. The gastric glands in the stomach are very developed, the wrinkles in the internal surface of intestine are very developed, the mucosal epithelium is a single-layer columnar epithelium, and on the free surface of it, there is the striated border formed by the dense arrangement of microvilli; the goblet cells are distributed among the epithelial cells, and the number of goblet cells gradually increases from the foregut to the hindgut. The number of wrinkles of intestinal mucosa gradually decreases from the foregut to the hindgut, and the height also decreases, while the thickness of muscle layer gradually increases. The results show that the morphological and histological structure characteristics of the stomach and intestinal tract of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis are adapted to its omnivorous and partial carnivorous nature. Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis is a kind fish belonging to Balitoridae, Sinogastromyzon. Because of its unique body shape and unique movement mode, it is an ornamental fish with unique style and development value. But they have high environmental requirements and they need clean water and high oxygen environment, so it is difficult to raise them. At present, overfishing and environmental damage have led to a sharp decline in the population resources. Now, they are only found in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and have been listed as key protected fish by Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Chongqing, and there are documents such as the Chongqing Municipal Government Document ([1999] No.65 issued by Chongqing Municipal Government) . The stomach and intestinal tract are important digestive and absorption organs for fish to maintain life activities, which have a very important impact on fish growth, development and reproduction. Therefore, studying and discussing the histology and morphology of the stomach and intestines of fish is helpful for us to understand and understand the physiological mechanism of feeding, digestion and absorption of fish . There are few published literatures about Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis, and they mainly focus on resource investigation, reproductive activity, early development, mitochondrial genome and phylogeny analysis . We have not seen the morphological and histological studies on the stomach and intestinal tract of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis. In this study, the morphology and tissue structure of stomach and intestinal tract of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis were observed and analyzed by technology of paraffin section and light microscopy, so as to provide histological data for the physiological functions of eating, digestion and absorption of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis and provide reference for the artificial culture of Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis. 2020 2nd International Symposium on the Frontiers of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (FBB 2020) Published by CSP © 2020 the Authors 253 1. Materials and methods


ABSTRACT The goal of the current study was to examine the effect of the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS®), a 14-week parent-assisted friendship-building program for adolescents with ADHD, on parental functioning, quality of the parent-adolescent relationship, and family functioning. Participants included 25 parents of adolescents with ADHD. Families completed PEERS®. Measures of parenting stress, parental efficacy, parent-adolescent communication, parent-adolescent involvement, causal attributions for negative social interactions, and family chaos were completed by parents at pre- and post-treatment. Parents demonstrated statistically significant improvements in parenting stress and parent-adolescent communication and marginally statistically significant improvement in parental efficacy. Parents also demonstrated reliable change in parenting stress, parent-adolescent communication, parent-adolescent involvement, and family chaos. Overall, these findings demonstrate the benefit of PEERS® at improving parental functioning, quality of the parent-adolescent relationship, and family functioning for families of adolescents with ADHD.


The paper adopts numeric simulation and theoretic analysis method,researches the reasonable distance of pressure dispersive anchoring bearing plate,provides the recommended value of the reasonable distance in various surrounding rock based on the data analysis result,and the result is meaningful for the design of the pressure dispersive anchoring.


Augmented concerns regarding Information Technology (IT) Governance have resulted in organisations continuing to relentlessly seek the right IT decision makers who make the right IT decisions as baselines for value generation in dynamic and competitive business arenas. As a result of the implementation of policies such as the Black Economic Empowerment (BEE), the IT sector in post‐apartheid South Africa has increasingly seen signs of a rising number of Black IT professionals entering this sector. Organisations now find themselves with a growing number of influential Black decision makers whose decisions are seen to impact large IT investment spending. This article conceptualises the critical role that BEE scorecard has played towards the growth of this number and seeks to understand the influencing dynamics BEE has had towards IT Governance in South African organizations. The study explores BEE policy as a means of redressing past inequalities and then presents BEE challenges that influence IT Governance implementation. A conceptual framework that assesses the relationships between the variables, BEE and IT Governance is presented. The purpose of the framework is to shed insights regarding the strength of the relationship between these two variables both of which have a bearing on the success of businesses operating in South Africa. The framework has been tested using empirical quantitative research, which utilised questionnaires that targeted IT professionals. The findings show a weak association between BEE and successful IT Governance implementation. The results also reveal IT Governance maturity has advanced to well‐managed level 4. The human capital and diversity in the IT workforce lag behind in progress as a result of modest compliance by organisations towards BEE initiatives.


A simple matrix is a {0, 1}-matrix with no repeated columns. For a {0, 1}matrix F , define F ≺ A if there is a submatrix of A which is a row and column permutation of F . Let ‖A‖ denote the number of columns of A. Define forb(m,F ) = max{‖A‖ : A is m-rowed simple matrix and F ⊀ A}. We classify all 6-rowed configurations F for which forb(m,F ) is Θ(m2) and prove forb(m,F ) is Ω(m3) for all other 6-rowed F . We also prove forb(m,G) is O(m2) for a particular 5 × 6 simple G and the addition of any column α to G makes forb(m, [Gα]) to be Ω(m3). The results are evidence for a conjecture of Anstee and Sali which predicts the asymptotics of forb(m,F ) as a function of F .


With the selected Tianzhushan brown soil tillage in Dongling District of Shenyang City, indoor culture experiments were con ducted to study the different concentrations of exogenous hippuric acid on wheat seedlings of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), peroxide catalase (CAT) activity activity. The results showed that: During the early trial, the high concentration of uric acid in the horse exogenous antioxidants reduced the enzyme activity, while low concentrations promoted the activity. In general, with the extension of time, the experiments show that enzyme activity is reduced with the treatment of low concentration, while it will increase with the treatment of high concentration


In this paper, we describe a novel approach to data integration, transformation and analysis, called DataCommandr. Its main distinguishing feature is that it is based on operations with columns rather than operations with tables in the relational model or operations with cells in spreadsheet applications. This data processing model is free of such typical set operations like join, group-by or map-reduce which are difficult to comprehend and slow at run time. Due to this ability to easily describe rather complex transformations and high performance on analytical workflows, this approach can be viewed as an alternative to existing technologies in the area of ad-hoc and agile data analysis.


water purification process of hydrogen sulfide, comprising filtering a water-saturated oxygen in the air through a bed undrowned catalyst loading of anthracite, characterized in that the saturation of water with air oxygen is performed a forced air injection directly into the pipeline, a supply source hydrosulphuric water for filtering, wherein the grain size of the catalyst loading is 0.8-1.9 mm.


This paper analyzes the demographic responses of the large slaver land holders of Rio de Janeiro, to the British pressure to end slavery in the Atlantic Ocean. It places special emphasis on the decades of 1810 and 1820, although it covers a longer period in lesser detail. The article questions the idea, widely disseminated in Brazilian historiography, that the internal slave trade in Brazil was enough to respond to the demands of growing slaver plantations and, therefore, that the natural positive growth of the slave population and of slavery were incompatible variables in colonial and imperial Brazil.


An old movie star of the 40ies can't bear to grow old. She would do anything to stay young getting further and further into a delirium.


In many animals, including us, the genetic sex is determined at fertilization by sex chromosomes. Seemingly, the sex determination (SD) in human and animals is determined by the amount of constitutive heterochromatin on Y chromosome via cell thermoregulation. It is assumed the medulla and cortex tissue cells in the undifferentiated embryonic gonads (UEG) differ in vulnerability to the increase of the intracellular temperature. If the amount of the Y chromosome constitutive heterochromatin is enough for efficient elimination of heat difference between the nucleus and cytoplasm in rapidly growing UEG cells the medulla tissue survives. Otherwise it doomed to degeneration and a cortex tissue will remain in the UEG. Regardless of whether our assumption is true or not, it remains an open question why on Y chromosome there is a large constitutive heterochromatin block? What is its biological meaning? Does it relate to sex determination, sex differentiation and development of secondary sexual characteristics? If so, what is its mechanism: chemical or physical? There is no scientifically sound answer to these questions.


In the drastic marketing competition, it is very difficult to operate well to single mid-small enterprise. As a new form among enterprises, clusters can exert the advantage of our legion mid-small enterprises. They gain economics of scale and flexible management with a low cost. This paper discusses some problems of our existing clusters, and some suggestions to raise clusters' competitive advantage are made too.


An Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for quantitative determination of herbicide propanil was developed. The influence of coating conjugate structure on ELISA analytical parameters was studied. The method detection limit is 0.1 ng/ml of propanil. Conditions providing propanil monitoring in rice grain were optimized. The range of the detectable concentrations in rice grain is 1 to 100 μg/g. The developed ELISA could efficiently measure propanil in rice without clean-up at the regulatory maximum residue limit (10 μg/g) postulated by code of federal regulations.


Two recent experiments from Cornell and Columbia have reported insulator-to-metal transitions in two-dimensional (2D) moir´e transition metal dichalcogenides (mTMD) induced by doping around half-filling, where the system is a Mott insulator. In the current work, we consider the temperature dependent resistivity of this metallic phase in the doped situation away from half-filling, arguing that it arises from the strongly temperature dependent 2D Friedel oscillations (i.e. finite momentum screening) associated with random quenched charged impurities, leading to the observed strongly increasing linear-in- T resistivity in the metallic phase. Our theory appears to account for the temperature-dependent metallic resistivity for doping around half-filling of the effective moir´e TMD band, showing that temperature-dependent screened Coulomb disorder is an essential ingredient of doped 2D mTMD physics.


IF IT IS permissible to extend the term 'road' to include tracks and footpaths, then I think it is fair to say that there has been a road problem in Britain ever since man has occupied it. Indeed, in the earliest days, the very absence of tracks or roads could be said to have constituted a road problem. Looking in the other direction, that is to say ahead, I think it is a fair prediction that we are never likely to be in the position of not having some kind of a road problem. As one who, in a general way, makes his living out of road problems, I find the outlook not unsatisfactory. However, even if the road problem is as old as mankind, I do not think there is any need for me in this lecture to review it from the earliest days, for there is little doubt that the problem in its modern form dates from no further back than the penultimate decade ofthe last century. One of these days I hope that some historical writer will write a book in which he would try to identify the events or the occasions when something happened that was destined to change the drift of a whole sector of human affairs. I am not thinking so much of the great events such as battles, or assassinations, or even great discoveries, as the subtler events which, without any? one realizing it at the time, did in fact trigger off chain reactions of the greatest significance. I think that one of these 'watersheds in time' occurred in 1888 on the day when a three-wheeled vehicle propelled by an internal combustion engine, manufactured by Carl Benz, was unloaded off a cross-channel steamer. From that day onwards many things began to change, slowly at first but at ever quickening pace, as the offspring of this ingenious machine began to infiltrate into our social and economic life.


CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) is the approach endorsed by the European Commission to teach content through a second language. Therefore, this methodology has boosted within biligual contexts at all educational levels across Europe. The 4C's that define CLIL (Content, Cognition, Culture and Competence) must be deeply interwoven for a successful implementation of the approach. Nevertheless, its accomplishment within Higher Education is still a long way from positive outcome due to the inherent features of University teaching: syllabuses where content is prioritised; coordination among lecturers, departments and knowledge areas, which is difficult to achieve; and the lack of implementation of Integrated Didactic Units (IDUs). This paper will analyse the benefits of overcoming such difficulties for European bilingual University Degrees.


Abstract The ammonium salt of [CoW11O38F2H4]6− has been isolated in the crystalline form. The X-ray powder patterns show that the anion has some similarity to the Keggin structure. Other evidence from elemental analyses, Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectroscopy (FABMS), infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry lend support to the above formulation. The cobalt atom in the anion is thought to occupy the octahedral site vacated by the missing tungsten atom. FABMS shows that the formula weight of the anhydrous salt is 2839 da.


Research in traditional (bricks-and-mortar) services has broadly supported the link between service quality and customer loyalty. Given the significance of customer loyalty for the profitability of eservices, it is important to ascertain whether the established role of service quality as a driver of loyalty in traditional services translates to e-service settings. An important feature which differentiates e-services from traditional services is the fact that e-services are typically offered as part of a broader multi-channel service package, combining the internet with other channels of service delivery, such as the phone and physical facilities. As a result, customers frequently engage in multi-channel behavior, using both online and traditional channels, and thus will exhibit different degrees of focus on the internet channel relative to other traditional channels. We argue that existing research examining the quality-loyalty relationship in e-services has not adequately recognized the multi-channel nature of these services. As such, the objective of this study is to increase our understanding of the relationship between quality and loyalty in multi-channel e-service settings. In this connection, we empirically test the quality-loyalty relationship in a multi-channel e-service; and examine whether a customer's degree of focus on the internet (DFI) channel moderates this relationship. The study consisted of an online survey of customers registered with a commercial e-banking service which is part of a broader multi-channel service. Employing structural equation modelling, we found a strong and significant link between e-service (web site) quality and loyalty intentions, suggesting that this relationship also holds in e-services. In addition, we found that a customer's DFI – defined as the proportion of the total number of transactions that were performed by a customer through the internet channel relative to the other available channels moderated this relationship. Specifically, we found that the relationship between e-service quality and loyalty was weaker for customers with a higher DFI. The implications for the research and management of multi-channel e-services are discussed.


In this paper we give the explicit construction of a pro-C completion functor which is defined in the category of crossed squares of commutative algebras. Afterwards,  we study some functorial properties of this pro-C completion process.


The study of compositional and textural characteristics of accessory minerals in granitoid rocks may provide a broad register of the origin and compositional evolution of magmas. The discussion on petrogenesis of these minerals being either residual, or earlyto latemagmatic phases, together with the lack of widespread re-equilibration processes, are the clues for reconstructions of magmatic evolution.


As long as human beings exist on this earth, there will be confidential images intended for limited audience. These images have to be transmitted in such a way that no unauthorized person gets knowledge of them. DNA sequences play a vital role in modern cryptography and DNA sequence based cryptography renders a helping hand for transmission of such confidential images over a public insecure channel as the intended recipient alone can decipher them. This paper outlines an integrated encryption scheme based on DNA sequences and scrambling according to magic square of doubly even order pattern. Since there is negligible correlation between the original and encrypted image this method is robust against any type of crypt attack.


The research was conducted to evaluate winter wheat varieties in terms of yield, stability and plasticity in different agro-ecological zones. Ten varieties of winter wheat were sown during 2015-16–2017-18 in two agro-ecological research zones: Forest-Steppe (the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat) and Polissia (Nosivka Plant Breeding and Experimental Station). Methods of descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used for data statistical processing. For all three years during active plant vegetation the hydrothermal coefficient was 0.9–1.2 in the Forest-Steppe zone and in the Polissia zone it was 1.0–1.3. Winter wheat yield formation was negatively affected by the conditions of 2016-17 in the Forest-Steppe zone and 2017-18 in Polissia zone according to the relative environmental index (REI = 66 and 73, respectively). The analysis of hydrothermal conditions of different agro-climatic zones of winter wheat cultivation indicates on significant variation of the influence of these conditions on individual stages of plant development. This made it possible to identify varieties with high ecological plasticity which are able to respond less to fluctuations in environmental conditions. Using analysis of variance, it was found that winter wheat yielding capacity was significantly influenced by the factors "Zone" and "Year" (28.8, 22.9%, respectively), but theу most (36.4%) it was influenced by the interaction "Year × Zone", this indicates a significant difference in the impact of hydrothermal conditions on this trait depending on the agro-ecological zone of cultivation. It was established that the conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone were favorable for the maximum realization of yield potential of the variety Horlytsia myronivs'ka (8.35 t/ha), while the conditions of Polissia zone were favorable for the varieties MIP Dniprianka, MIP Valensiia, Hospodynia myronivs'ka, Estafeta myronivs'ka, Hratsiia myronivs'ka (9.42; 9.65; 9.62; 9.69; 9.66 t/ha, respectively). According to the regression coefficient, the varieties Trudivnytsia myronivs'ka, Horlytsia myronivs'ka, MIP Valensiia, MIP Kniazhna, Estafeta myronivs'ka (bi = 0.89; 0.89; 0.93; 0.95; 0.99, respectively) with the best adaptive ability to unvavourable growing conditions were identified. According to the stability variance of the trait, there were identified the most stable varieties, namely MIP Kniazhna, Trudivnytsia myronivs'ka, MIP Dniprianka, Vezha myronivs'ka, Hratsiia myronivs'ka (S2di = 0.07; 0.09; 0.12; 0.17; 0.20, respectively) and the most unstable ones – Horlytsia myronivs'ka, Estafeta myronivs'ka, MIP Valensiia (S2di = 1.33; 0.83; 0.68, respectively).


Naturalistic method was used in the present study to obtain descriptive records on relationships between environmental events and teacher behavior in student teachers' classrooms (on this method, see Tinbergen, 1972). Analysis of these records was structured in terms of an ecological model which postulates that environmental demands moderate performance and establish limits on the range of response options (see Doyle, 1977a, 1977b). From this perspective, learning to teach involves learning the &dquo;texture of the classroom&dquo; and a set of behaviors congruent with the demands of that setting. Two features of the ecological approach as used in this study merit comment. First, the analysis involved a search for evidence concerning the function of teacher behaviors in classroom settings. The fundamental question, in other words, was naturalistic: Why do these behaviors occur? The emphasis, was clearly on explanation, on &dquo;fashioning&dquo; hypotheses in terms of environment-behavior relationships to account for recurring patterns of classroom activity (see Overholt & Stallings, 1976). Such an approach is, of course, more appropriate for generating hypotheses than for testing hypotheses in a formal manner. Second, the analysis was conducted at a level that emphasized similarities &dquo;... space is not merely a background for events... &dquo;


The authors describe an extensive surgical procedure for reconstruction in a 27-year-old male whose ring finger was lost just proximal to the PIP joint. From the standpoint of hand function, the patient has a perfect grip of the fist and extension. However, he wanted the finger reconstructed—in this case, with a bone graft to elongate the finger and a combination of big toe and second toe wrap. The considerations were appearance, cosmesis, and length of extension. After reconstruction, when the patient makes a fist, in my opinion, the cosmesis has worsened because the finger is too long and will stick out in a grip position. For those who work with their hands, the finger will hinder hand function due to PIP and DIP stiffness. I am not sure this improves the usefulness of the hand, and the function is worse than in the previous condition. However, if the patient really wants the finger to be longer and more functional, and is not willing to sacrifice the toe, there is a reconstructive solution. I would propose the second toe joint, including the PIP and possibly DIP joint, to attach to the ring finger, and the use of a big toe wrap-around flap with part of the distal phalanx and nail. This would serve to reconstruct the ring finger. The second toe could survive via the fibular site neurovascular bundle, and then be reconstructed by an iliac bone graft connecting the proximal to the distal phalanx. If the patient is not concerned about the second toe nail, this can be included with the vascular joint. The bone graft can be used to reconstruct the second toe, avoiding the big toe nail which is split. As this case suggests, even if the PIP is combined with a DIP transfer, and subsequent iliac bone graft for second toe reconstruction is utilized, with a big toe wraparound flap for the ring finger, there will still be a shortage of skin. A combined cross-finger flap may be necessary for reconstruction. In the reported case, a free groin flap was used for the donor; this is too bulky and requires defatting. The best coverage would be an arterialized venous flap. This is harvested from the foot or from the saphenous vein, creating a venous flap using arterial inflow and venous outflow. In any case, the patient must sacrifice something if he really wants a reconstructed finger. The second toe for reconstruction of the ring finger is an alternative. In general, if the patient is in a stable condition, as far as function and cosmesis go, a prosthetic finger might be the best solution. Another technique would be ray amputation to eliminate the ring finger; this is a simple solution. If not acceptable, then a vascularized second toe PIP or combined DIP transfer with a big toe wrap-around flap, possibly combined with a crossfinger flap on the long finger, could be considered. The ring finger can be built up with the PIP and possibly DIP joint. This will produce sufficient length, cosmesis, size, and mobility, without sacrificing the toe.


Ultra-low power dissipation for nanoscale circuits and future technologies such as quantum computing require reversible logic. Existing methods of reversible logic synthesis attempt to minimize gate count, quantum cost, garbage count and try to achieve scalability for large Boolean functions. Several notable heuristics for reversible logic synthesis employ a method based on repeated transformation, demonstrating excellent performance compared to available optimal results. In this paper, we suggest two novel techniques to the transformation-based synthesis flow for improving synthesis outcome. The first technique is based on properties of Boolean functions and the second technique incorporates generalized Fredkin gates during synthesis flow. We present theoretical results and experimental evidence in support of our strategies.


: the large field Lallemand electronographic camera has proved to be an ideal receptor for bidimensional photometry with the C.F.H. 3.6 m. Telescope. It permits to measure faint stars up to about B = 25. Plates of a large variety of objects have been obtained ; for example : crowded fields such as the nearby galaxy Messier 33 ; fields where one must recognize faint galaxies from stars; objects for which a high spatial resolution is needed, such as the optical jet of Messier 87 or gravitational lenses. It is possible to predict the limits of the receptor with a very large telescope. Resume


Video object segmentation (VOS) is an essential part of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In the real traffic scenes, not only stable accuracy but also real-time speed are important metrics. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised real-time video object segmentation method based on a Siamese network with a novel polar representation method. This polar representation method could reduce the parameters for encoding masks, so that the inference speed is enhanced significantly. Besides, an asymmetric Siamese network is designed to extract the features from different spatial scales. To reduce the antagonism among the branches of the head part, we propose the idea of peeling convolution. Based on this idea, repeated cross-correlation and semi-FPN are designed as the neck part of the neural network. The experiments on the DAVIS-2016 dataset demonstrate that SiamPolar achieves 71.4% J-mean and 59.2fps. In the real traffic scene dataset, TSD-max dataset, SiamPolar performs the 80.5% J-mean.


Wild melon (Adenopus breviflorus benth) belongs to family: cucurbitacae. It is a tendril climber of shrubs and herbs, the fruit is a green with cream coloured narrow blotch pepo found in the range of tropics and subtropical regions of the world. The present study deals with the phytochemical screening of the parts of the fruits (epicarp, pulp, seed, and whole fruit) and physicochemical properties of the seed oil. Results revealed the highest percentage yield of 10.3 oil in the seed and the least extracts from epicarp and pulp. All the extracts of the parts contained tannins, steroids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and terpenoids while reducing compounds and anthraquinones were absent. The colour of seed oil was yellowish green with a pH of 8.3 and Density 0.8760gcm 3 . The viscosity, refractive index and specific gravity at 25 0 c were 28.97, 1.45 and 0.8056 respectively. 10.66, 165.50 and 154.84 mg KOH/g were respectively obtained for acid, saponification and ester values while the iodine value was 135.55gI2/100g. The oil contained 73.84 total unsaturated oils with linoleic dominating. The results thus revealed the potential medicinal value of the fruit and the seed oil when hygienically processed for domestic and industrial purposes.


The method for the preparation of said composition comprising a neutralization is disclosed by the composition and the alkaline material containing a solution of potassium monopersulfate having about 3.4% to about 6.8% of the active oxygen content .


In 1992 the Public Service for Electric Energy Law was modified and since that date it has been possible the participation of private investors in the generating and cogeneration processes of the electric energy. This motivated CFE to implement strategies to fight against the private capital investment in this area, part of these strategies were to establish quality systems. In the year 2000 it began the establishment of independent energy producer, with the newest technology, so the generating units of CFE with technology from the years 1980 and 1990 were settled apart from the energy business. Under this perspective it is expected that the thermoelectric electricity generation in our country could be soon in private immersionists? hands. This makes necessary to optimize the economic resources of the national company to promote new inversions in order to continue inside this labor market. It takes the place that the administration has of the capital work mostly of the non productive circulating actives and its impact in the results of Thermoelectric Generating Power-Stations. The analysis that was realized included the capital works? behavior in a Generating Power-Station in a five year period (from 2003 to 2007), its connection with other variables such as the unit total cost, the active?s cost and its impact in the final results. What is looked through this kind of works it is to promote to the administrative workers of CFE power-stations to have an vision in which an adequate management of the economic resources helps in a positive way in the results without leaving apart the technical aspect as a strategy to improve the performance, being the optimization of capital work an option that should be considered. The expected result in function of the investigation previously done is the reduction of the actives or renovations without use because in the analyzed period the inventories? value it?s located between the 51% and the 71% of the total capital work.


Most students lack motivation in foreign language learning at the basic level. They are low in efficiency and poor in communication. Based on the theories of psychology, cognitive science, linguistics and second language acquisition, the paper puts forward the strategy of integrating cultural instruction with foreign language teaching in order to stimulate students' motivation of learning foreign languages, promote their learning cognition and foster their communicative competence. Cultural instruction does not add the extra task of study to the students, but stimulates and promote students foreign language learning.


The invention relates to an ocean water quality real-time monitoring device composed of integrated sensors and communication modules, comprising a coastal monitor center, a signal relay and a plurality of sensor nodes; each sensor node includes a pH sensor module, a turbidity sensor module, a temperature sensor module, a master control chip and a wireless communication module; each pH sensor module includes a pH meter body and an electrode bulb connected with the same, the end of the pH meter body connected with the electrode bulb is provided with an ultrasonic radiating flat plate and an ultrasonic module, the ultrasonic radiating flat plate is positioned around one electrode bulb for transmitting ultrasonic wave so that the ultrasonic wave generated by the ultrasonic module oscillates near the surface of the electrode bulb. The ocean water quality real-time monitoring device can monitor an ocean water area continuously for a long period time.


I filled in the IAI Site Survey @iainstitute, but it just dropped me on a blank page after hitting submit. Hopefully you got my response.


In this paper, we present a new algorithm which imitate real pencil strokes. The purpose of research on NPR(Non-Photorealistic Rendering) is simulating automatically manmade artistic expressions such as pen-and-ink illustrations, watercolor paintings, pencil sketches and pastel drawings with computers. Recently, there has been a great deal of research works on NPR. One of them is researching in pencil illustration methods for NPR, and a lot of researchers have investigated into the LIC(Linear Integral Convolution) techniques which would change the initial images into the output images by directional vector field images for generating effects of pencil. However, the LIC techniques can not be applied to real-time drawing tools because they are post processing techniques. This paper presents a real-time pencil strokes algorithm which is based on an observation of how pencils(from 6B to 6H) draw lines. Although this algorithm using some pencil variables and noise generation is simple, it is fast and also can draw real-time pencil strokes similar to real manmade pencil strokes in a GUI drawing tool.


Time dimension in Amazon EC2 spot instance pricing is decomposed into weekday and hour to study Amazon EC2 spot price dynamics. Statistical tests performed on various compute optimized instances of Linux/UNIX and Windows type show that weekday dimension in time hierarchy is as important as hour dimension in describing spot price dynamics. Coefficient of correlation in spatial trend analysis suggests that there exists a medium to strong correlation between different compute optimized instance types within any given region.


In low density regime, the fluorescence of Frenkel exitons in crystal slab can be studied without the aid of rotating wave and Mackoffian approximation. The equations for the case of double and triple lattice-layers are now solved exactly to give the eigen decay rates, frequency shifts and the statistical properties of the fields.


A psychoanalytic Weltanschaung the birth of Oedipus David and Goliath rank as a pecursor of contemporary psychoanalysis Winnicott, Lacan and Kohut Winnicott and Freud the two analyses of Harry Guntrip the psychoanalytic self. Appendices: The genesis of the object relation by Otto Rank interview of Clare Winnicott, June 1983.


3D cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is becoming a standard routine for non-invasive heart diseases diagnosis. Thanks to its high negative predictive value, CCTA is increasingly used to decide whether or not the patient should be considered for invasive angiography. However, an accurate assessment of cardiac lesions using this modality is still a time consuming task and needs a high degree of clinical expertise. Thus, providing automatic tool to assist clinicians during the diagnosis task is highly desirable. In this work, we propose a fully automatic approach for accurate severe cardiac stenoses detection. Our algorithm uses the Random Forest classi cation to detect stenotic areas. First, the classi er is trained on 18 CT cardiac exams with CTA reference standard. Then, then classi cation result is used to detect severe stenoses (with a narrowing degree higher than 50%) in a 30 cardiac CT exam database. Features that best captures the di erent stenoses con guration are extracted along the vessel centerlines at di erent scales. To ensure the accuracy against the vessel direction and scale changes, we extract features inside cylindrical patterns with variable directions and radii. Thus, we make sure that the ROIs contains only the vessel walls. The algorithm is evaluated using the Rotterdam Coronary Artery Stenoses Detection and Quantication Evaluation Framework. The evaluation is performed using reference standard quanti cations obtained from quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and consensus reading of CTA. The obtained results show that we can reliably detect severe stenosis with a sensitivity of 64%.


In many problems of engineering interest, one encounters the situation where the ambient dimension of the sensed data is very large relative to the number of samples, but there exists a latent low dimensional sensing structure that can potentially be leveraged for inferencing tasks. This work investigates the impact of latent sensing structure on supervised classification performance when the data dimension scales to infinity faster than the number of samples. In contrast to related studies, here the classification difficulty is held fixed as the data dimension scales. For a binary supervised classification problem with Gaussian likelihood functions, it is shown that the asymptotic error probability converges to half if the sensing structure is totally ignored, whereas it converges to the Bayes risk if the sensing structure is sufficiently regular and it is properly utilized. It is also shown, however, that without suitable regularity in the latent low-dimensional sensing structure, it is impossible to attain an asymptotic error probability which is better than half. These findings are validated through various simulations. Additional numerical results for support vector machines and sensitivity to mismatch between true and assumed structure are also provided.


Emissions from both exciplexes and excited charge-transfer (CT) complexes have been observed for the fullerene−aromatic amine systems in nonaromatic solvents and solvent mixtures using steady-state fluorescence measurements. Support for the exciplex and CT emissions has also been obtained from the time-resolved fluorescence measurements. Both emissions are very sensitive to the polarity of the solvents. From the solvatochromic shifts of the emission maxima, dipole moments (μ) of the exciplexes and the excited CT complexes have been estimated. For C60−N,N-dimethylaniline (DMAN) and C60−N,N-diethylaniline (DEAN) systems, the μ values for the exciplexes and the excited CT complexes are in the ranges 10−12 and 25−27 D, respectively. Both species are thus very polar in nature. In aromatic solvents the fullerene−aromatic amine systems behave differently, without forming any exciplexes, though the fullerene emissions are quenched by the amines with almost diffusion-controlled rates. CT emissions are also not obs...


Recently there has been a major initiative to develop a Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) for dexterous control of an upper-limb neuroprosthesis. This paper describes the use of a virtual environment using Musculoskeletal Modeling Software as a model system to test and evaluate cortical algorithms for predicting reach and grasp kinematics. Simultaneous neural and motion tracking data was acquired from a non-human primate trained to perform a center-out reach-and-grasp task. A Kalman Filter was designed to simultaneously predict kinematics of the arm, hand, and fingers with high accuracy (avg r=0.83; avg RMSE=13.7%). In lieu of an advanced mechanical limb, the decoded output was used to manipulate a fully articulated 18-DoF arm in a virtual environment using MSMS. This platform lays the foundation for future closed-loop experiments with non-human primates to demonstrate a BMI for dexterous control of the hand and fingers.


The effects of papermaking wastewater on the acute toxicity of Brachydanio rerio,Anguilla japonicus and Sparus macrocephaius were studied.The results showed that the 96h-LC_(50) of Brachydanio rerio,Anguilla japonicus,Sparus macrocephaius stressed by papermaking wastewater were 11.328%,15.949% and 4.679% respectively.The effects of papermaking wastewater on aquatic animals were dominated by Sparus macrocephaius,followed by Brachydanio rerio and Anguilla japonicus in order of ranking.


Background: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive imaging modality used to analyze the retinochoroidal vasculature and detect vascular flow. The resulting images can be segmented to view each vascular plexus individually. While fluorescein angiography is still the gold standard for the diagnosis of posterior uveitis, it has limitations, and can be replaced by OCTA in some cases. Methods: This case series describes five patients with posterior noninfectious uveitis and their description by OCTA. Results: Cases included lupus retinopathy (n = 1) for which OCTA showed ischemic maculopathy as areas of flow deficit at the superficial and deep capillary plexus; choroidal granulomas (n = 1) with a non-detectable flow signal in the choroid; active punctate inner choroiditis and multifocal choroiditis (n = 1) with OCTA that showed active inflammatory chorioretinal lesions as non-detectable flow signals in choriocapillaris and choroid; dense type 2 inflammatory secondary neovascularization (n = 1) associated with active choroiditis; and acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) (n = 1) without flow abnormalities at the superficial and deep retinal plexuses but non-detectable flow at the levels of the choriocapillaris and choroid. Conclusions: Ophthalmologists can use OCTA to identify inflammatory changes in retinal and choroidal vasculature, aiding in the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of posterior uveitis.


The CoPhyLab (Cometary Physics Laboratory) project is designed to study the physics of comets through a series of earth-based experiments. For these experiments, a dust analogue was created with physical properties comparable to those of the non-volatile dust found on comets. This 'CoPhyLab dust' is planned to be mixed with water and CO2 ice and placed under cometary conditions in vacuum chambers to study the physical processes taking place on the nuclei of comets. In order to develop this dust analogue, we mixed two components representative for the non-volatile materials present in cometary nuclei. We chose silica dust as representative for the mineral phase and charcoal for the organic phase, which also acts as a darkening agent. In this paper, we provide an overview of known cometary analogues before presenting measurements of eight physical properties of different mixtures of the two materials and a comparison of these measurements with known cometary values. The physical properties of interest are: particle size, density, gas permeability, spectrophotometry, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. We found that the analogue dust that matches the highest number of physical properties of cometary materials consists of a mixture of either 60 per cent/40 per cent or 70 per cent/30 per cent of silica dust/charcoal by mass. These best-fit dust analogue will be used in future CoPhyLab experiments.


In this paper, a new series of high gain DC-DC converters called "XL converters" is proposed for renewable energy conversion. L-L converter is first member of XL converter series which combines the circuitries of two buck-boost converter (here, buck-boost converter is named as L converter). Different switched reactive networks are employed in L-L and three new converter circuitries (other members of XL converter series) are obtained. XL converter series can considered as a category of XY converter family in which Y converter is always L converter. The proposed XL converter topologies provide an effective solution for renewable energy applications which needs high voltage negative DC bus. The operating principle, characteristics waveforms, and voltage gain for all proposed converters discussed in this article. The prominent features of suggested XL converters are high negative voltage at moderate duty ratio, single power control switch, capacitors stack at output side, single input source, and transformer-less converter topologies. The simulation work is described and result depicted good abidance with theoretical analysis.


SUMMARY The body composition of young mammals has been investigated in relation to environmental temperature and energy intake. Piglets were weaned at 14 days and then kept separately at 35 or 10 °C and fed either a high or a low energy intake. The animals were killed at 38, 48, 56 or 64 days of age and the carcass divided into four compartments: superficial tissue (skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue), muscle, contents of abdomen (gastro-intestinal tract, liver and kidneys), contents of thorax (heart and lungs). Each compartment was analysed for fat, nitrogen and energy content. The results were analysed using a non-orthogonal analysis of variance in oider to investigate the separate effects of environmental temperature and energy intake, to test for possible interactions between these two factors, and to assess the time it takes for any effects to develop. The total amount of fat stored in the body was greater in the pigs kept at the high temperature than in those kept at the low temperature and increased with an increase in food intake; there was no evidence of an interaction of temperature and diet, suggesting that their effects were exerted independently. The extra fat was stored mainly in the superficial tissue and muscle, but partly also in the deep body compartments. However, when expressed as a percentage of the total fat store a greater proportion was found in the deep body compartments of those kept at the low temperature and on the low intake, although the absolute quantities of fat involved were small. The nitrogen content was also greater at 35 than at 10 °C, and on the high than low intake. Most of the nitrogen was present in the muscle and the proportion of the total body nitrogen stored here was greater in the warm than in the cold, whereas it was unaffected by energy intake. The energy contents of the tissues measured by bomb calorimetry and estimated from the chemical composition were similar. For animals kept at 35 °C most of the energy was stored in the superficial tissue, with the muscle as the second highest store. By contrast, those in the cold stored most of their energy in the muscle. The present investigation has thus highlighted the large and partly independent effects that environmental temperature and food intake can have on the distribution of energy within the body and the chemical form in which it is stored.


On the basis summary of forecasting methods and theoretical depth of stope floor, combining a large number of actual data analysis, it is induced that the following six aspects are the main factors influencing the floor damage depth the: mining depth, dip angle of coal seam, mining thickness and length of working face, floor ability to resist damage and presence of cutting wear fault or fracture zone. Based on artificial neural network input required samples and test samples, through the Matlab software to network training, it is concluded that the optimization of the network model, and according to the established network model, Chensilou coal mine 21201, 2408 and 20301 working faces damage depth has been established. Compared with the measured results, the floor damage prediction formula of depth and deep relationship was obtained.


Peer-to-peer internet lending is a new form of lending. However, a crisis of trust has been triggered owing to the low threshold of the industry and the information asymmetry amongst three types of participants (lenders, borrowers and P2P online lending platforms). The data of online lending platforms are inaccurate, unreliable and incomplete, which leads to a decline of investor ' s confidence in the investment. Although all aspects of the regulatory system are improving by the Chinese government to rectify the problematic platforms, it would be difficult to rebuild the trust in the relationship between lenders and borrowers. Therefore, one of the crucial factors to restore trust would be: identifying sources of the crisis of confidence. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part sorts out the development status of P2P online lending platforms; the second part introduces operation modes of P2P online lending industry by combining the core concept of P2P internet loan, compares the lending services of traditional banks and e-commerce enterprises with that of P2P online lending, and reveals the differences in investing and financing activities between China and developed countries; The third part mainly analyses the difficulties faced by P2P online lending industry from four aspects which are the acquisition, review, analysis and finally the contractual relationship between lenders and borrowers. The fourth part combines blockchain technology, user portrait and smart contract to provide corresponding countermeasures to the existing difficulties.


Purpose: To compare ocular biometry measured using 4 applanation ultrasonographic biometry devices and evaluate the accu-racies of the refractive outcomes after cataract surgery. Methods: A total of 60 eyes in 60 patients who received cataract surgery were included in the present study. The axial length was measured using applanation ultrasonographic biometry devices (Aviso ® , Hi-Scan ® , UD-6000 ® , P37-II ® ). Additionally, kera-tometry was measured using an autokeratometer (Topcon KR 8000) and the SRK/T formula was used to calculate intraocular lens (IOL) power. Two months after cataract surgery, the refractive outcome was determined, and results from the 4 different applanation ultrasonographic biometry devices were compared. Results: Axial lengths were 23.52 ± 1.45 mm, 23.51 ± 1.04 mm, 23.54 ± 1.58 mm, and 23.52 ± 1.38 mm measured using Aviso ® , Hi-Scan ® , UD-6000 ® , and P37-II ® , respectively with no statistically significant differences observed ( p = 0.92). The mean absolute error (MAE) of the Aviso ® , Hi-Scan ® , UD-6000 ® , and P37-II ® was 0.41 ± 0.32 diopter (D), 0.40 ± 0.30 D, 0.36 ± 0.26 D, and 0.39 ± 0.26 D, respectively. The mean numerical error (MNE) was 0.39 ± 0.37 D, 0.36 ± 0.32 D, 0.26 ± 0.29 D, and 0.38 ± 0.32 D, respectively. The differences between the 4 different applanation ultrasonographic biometry devices were not statistically significant ( p = 0.90, p = 0.81). Conclusions: The ocular biometric measurements and prediction of postoperative refraction using Aviso ® , Hi-Scan ® , UD-6000 ® , P37-II ® showed no significant differences.


We report for the first time in Argentina the presence of Syncharina lineiceps (Spinola) and it is cited as new record for blueberries crops. For each species of the genus Syncharina Young we provide updated information referred to geographic distribution and plants hosts. A key to identify the species of the genus is presented.


In this paper one of the most actual points of nowadays – the creation of the tool allowing state-of-art carrying out accumulation, systematization, statistical manipulation and aircraft maintenance result analysis – is considered. This is going to provide with efficient decision-making possibility to accurate established resource execution conditions and their gradual increase. It is important to implement the idea of combining all the aircraft maintenance conditions information into common database received by JSC «Tupolev» for the following complex analysis. Offered tool set database enables to reduce man-hours for maintenance conditions information processing as for Tu-204/214 aircraft fleet, including Tu-204SM, as whole brand new aircraft.


It is pointed out that airport capacity and facilities have not kept up with the ever increasing demand for air transport, largely due to lack of space, environmental problems, and difficulties of land acquisition. These conditions impose the necessity for the maximum use of existing airport space in the improvement of facilities and planning for future traffic. Some analytical models are proposed for quantifying the concept of runway capacity in single (landing or take off) and mixed (landing and take off) operation. Delay and saturation factors affecting this capacity are analysed, and the mathematical models are exemplified by application to real operation data.


Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Network (UAWSN) use acoustic signals to transmit data. Acoustic signals in underwater environment have high bit error rate, long propagation delay and limited bandwidth. Another constraint in UWASN is energy. Due to these constraints, design of energy and bandwidth efficient and propagation delay aware MAC protocol is a great challenge in UWASN. Underwater sensor nodes have to share medium. The main role of the MAC layer protocol is to decide when a node accesses a shared medium and to resolve any conflicts between nodes. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of three famous underwater MAC protocols UWAN-MAC[1], R-MAC[2] and Slotted FAMA[3] in terms of packet drop rate, throughput and energy consumption. We have used Aquasim simulator to evaluate MAC protocols.


Stresses the ever-increasing purpose of library Service. Describes the implications in library technique and Service of (1) productivity-drive in the economic sphere; (2) documentation Service in the research sphere; (3) Service to democracy in the political sphere; (4) utilisation of leisure and conservation of literary Output in the cultural sphere; and (5) library being the heart of the school in the educational sphere. Points out the conflict between the purposes, and its resolution by the replacement of library by library System. Indicates principles for the demarcation of the boundary between the spheres of the individual library and its System. Outlines a frame-work for a national library System. Sets out the relative advantages and disadvantages of chain-procedure and machine-procedure in the retrieval of documents.


Endarteriectomy is an operation originally proposed by Dos Santos in which a thrombus and the portion of the arterial wall to which it is attached are removed and the lumen of the artery re-established. The technic of this operation is described. Case histories of several patients illustrating the results which the authors have obtained are presented.


To the Editor. —The report by Zeitlin et al in the NovemberArchives(1982; 142:2191-2192) concerned a case of Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia in a patient receiving hemodialysis. Recently we have also noted a case of Listeria sepsis in a patient receiving dialysis, with a fatal outcome. Report of a Case. —A 56-year-old man had been receiving hemodialysis for eight years. His vascular access was through a left forearm arteriovenous graft, but he had had no access surgical procedures in the previous eight months. The patient felt well prior to dialysis on admission to the hospital, but suddenly became hypotensive during the dialysis procedure. Physical examination findings were negative except for a BP of 85/45 mm Hg sitting and supine. The patient's mental status was normal. Laboratory work revealed a blood glucose level of 36 mg/dL. This was immediately after hemodialysis, with dialysate containing a glucose concentration of 200 mg/dL. Sepsis


We demonstrate the parallel between the properties of Gaussian vectors and the Euclidean geometry. In particular we study the Markov property and give various equivalent Euclidean and probabilistic characterizations. We also give a simple Euclidean proof of the conditional maximality of the differential entropy for the Markov Gaussian vector (related to the Burg's Theorem).


Congenital Cholestasis. Congenital cholestatic syndromes are rare diseases usually occurring in early infancy. These diseases are caused by hereditary defects in genes encoding for hepatobiliary transport systems (causing cholestasis syndromes like progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, cystic fibrosis, or the Dubin Johnson syndrome), in genes involved in embryogenesis (Alagille syndrome) or defects affecting bile duct development (biliary atresia, Caroli disease, Caroli syndrome, congenital hepatic fibrosis). The diagnostic workup of congenital cholestatic syndromes consists of physical examination, laboratory and imaging studies, and sometimes invasive procedures like endoscopic retrograde cholangiography or liver biopsy. Treatment options include ursodeoxycholic acid, surgical procedures (eg, Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia) and liver transplantation for progressive liver disease. However, some patients may not become symptomatic until adulthood and paediatric patients may nowadays reach adulthood making these diseases important for gastroenterologists and hepatologists. Moreover, increasing numbers of polymorphisms in genes encoding for transport systems are recognized as cofactors in the pathogenesis of a variety of adult cholestatic disorders (eg, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy or drug-induced cholestasis) or as modifiers of disease progression (eg, primary sclerosing cholangitis or primary biliary cirrhosis). J Gastroenterol Hepatol Erkr 2011; 9 (4): 30–3.


The inverse problem of ECG is the task of cardiac source reconstruction from the measured body surface potential maps (BSPM). It is ill-posed and therefore requires regularization, which is usually applied uniformly to the whole heart geometry. In order to improve the solution quality and localize potentials extrema we propose a local regularization method: the weighting is done iteratively according to the solution spatial content. The performed test showed the ability of the new method to overcome oversmoothing and to better reconstruct strong solution gradients.


There are still debates about timing and effectiveness of cochlear implants (CI) in pediatric subjects with significant residual hearing who do not belong to traditional indication of CI. In this study, we aimed to investigate the outcomes of CI, specifically on improvement of pronunciation, among hearing-impaired children already with a substantial degree of language skills as evaluated by Categories of Auditory Perception (CAP) scores or sentence score. Our cohort comprised pediatric CI recipients from July 2018 through October 2020. Among them, cases with CAP scores of 5 or 6 preoperatively were defined as "borderline cases". We investigated prevalence and etiologies, and compared speech evaluation data preoperatively and postoperatively at three time points (3, 6 and 9–12 months after implantation). Among 86 pediatric CI recipients, 13 subjects (15.12%) had language development that reached CAP scores of 5 or 6 before implantation. Postoperative speech evaluation data 6 months after implantation revealed significant improvement of pronunciation (Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonation scores: UTAP), Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) and word perception scores, but not of CAP and sentence perception scores. Notably, the significant improvement of pronunciation based on UTAP scores outstripped that of other speech parameters and this continued steadily up to one-year postoperatively. The result of the study serves as evidence for what to expect from cochlear implantation in hearing-impaired children who have already achieved a substantial degree of language development in terms of CAP scores or sentence perception scores, preoperatively.


SUMMARY The paper is concerned with a special case of the silo problem, namely when it is sought to divide optimally a container into two compartments used for storing two commodities separately. The two compartments are filled to capacity at the beginning of each period and quantities of the two commodities are withdrawn during the period according to two independent demand distributions. There are no storage costs, but penalties are incurred in case of runouts. A solution to the problem is given and the sensitivity of the model is discussed.


The sorption of vanadium (V) and nickel (II) from aqueous solutions on amorphous silica obtained from metallurgical slags of the Kola MMC is considered, and the optimal conditions for the metal sorption process are determined. It is established that the maximum sorption of metals is achieved at pH 2.0–4.0, at a temperature of 40 °C and a process time of 60 minutes for nickel and 90 minutes for vanadium.


The load spectrum of bolster spring is determined by means of known load spectrum of bolster and analysing the mechanics model about bolster and spring of Zhuan 8A typebogie. The fatigue life of bolster spring is estimated in the mentioned research. The conclusion can be referred by related department.


Njabulo Chipangura is a curator in the archaeology department at Mutare Museum, Zimbabwe. He has worked for Mutare Museum, a unit of the National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, since 2009. His research interests include a critical examination of the formation of museums in African contexts, with a focus on various ways to reconfigure collection and exhibition practices. This led him to study the histories of collecting cultural objects and their subsequent placement in museums. He has also written on critical heritage studies in Zimbabwe, examining how certain systems of power are used in the production of heritage knowledge in post-colonial societies.


AbstractThe dimensional change during sintering of cobalt and nickel powders containing an oxide dispersion has been studied. Generally, the presence of MgO or CaO in cobalt and nickel retards the densification of the metals, and this retarding influence has a maximum for a certain proportion of oxide in the metal. The wettability between the dispersed phase and the metal may explain differences in sintering behaviour.


Growth curves of pulmonary metastases in three patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer were analyzed from chest X-ray films. Two of the patients, not undergoing chemotherapy, showed an exponential growth in their pulmonary metastases; tumor doubling time (TDT) was 9.2_??_25.0 days. In the third patient, TDT was as short as 6.2_??_7.6 days, and the effect of aggressive chemotherapy (mainly, adriamycin and cisplatin) correlated well with their growth curve. The growth curve in this patient suggested that pulmonary metastases had already occurred when the original tumor was completely resected. In view of the above metastatic time, systemic chemotherapy, rather than hyperfractionated radiation, should be done first after curative surgery.


According to California's state Environmental Protection Agency (Cal EPA), the people of Lompoc have been lodging formal complaints about pesticide drift and health problems for at least six years, since 1993. George Rauh, a teacher who moved to Lompoc in 1989, says, "For the first two years, I thought it was great. Then I got chronic bronchitis. I had never had anything like it, and I knew something was wrong. I started asking around and I found many, many people had problems -bronchitis, asthma, headaches, the flu when it wasn't flu season, even reproductive problems, and a host of other ailments. It was obvious that there was something really wrong." In 1992 Rauh and his neighbors formed Volunteers for a Healthy Valley and began asking local and state health officials to pay attention.


Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol and triglycerides through the bloodstream. High plasma levels of ApoB are one of the strongest risk factors for the development of Coronary Artery Disease. Using a yeast expression system for ApoB, I focused my research on identifying new therapeutic targets to reduce the amount of ApoB secreted into the bloodstream. One way that ApoB levels are regulated is through Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation (ERAD), a quality control mechanism that rids the secretory pathway of misfolded proteins. Due to ApoB's hydrophobic character and high number of disulfide bonds, one class of proteins that I hypothesized may contribute to ApoB ERAD was the Protein
Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) family. PDI's catalyze the oxidation, reduction, and isomerization of disulfide bonds and some also have chaperone-like activity. I found that in yeast, Pdi1 contributes to ApoB ERAD through its chaperone like domain. I identified mammalian PDI candidates that may similarly affect ApoB biogenesis based on my yeast data. I found that in hepatic cells, two PDI family members, ERp57 and ERp72, contribute to ApoB ERAD, while another family member, PDI, promoted ApoB secretion. A unique aspect of ApoB ERAD is that the protein is co-translationally retrotranslocated and degraded. I hypothesized that proteins that regulate the Sec61 translocon, a proteinacious channel that allows ApoB entrance to the ER as well as an exit to the cytoplasm for degradation, would contribute to ApoB retrotranslocation and degradation. I discovered that two conserved ER-membrane proteins that are candidates for Sec61 regulators, Yet2 and Yet3, facilitate the ERAD of ApoB in yeast. To determine whether my results are relevant in mammalian cells, I am currently working to determine if the mammalian homologs of Yet2 and Yet3, BAP29 and BAP31 facilitate ApoB ERAD in hepatic cells.


Abstract: Speaking skill is one of important skills in learning English as Foreign Language. It is also the most difficult skill for EFL students. Therefore, the students should improve their speaking ability. One of the main ways is through the speaking activities. In fact, there are many factors that influence the success of EFL students' speaking activities. One of the main factors is the chosen topics. In this study, the writer wants to know the kind of chosen topics which are used on speaking activities by EFL students, how far the influence of the chosen topics itself on speaking activities, and the reasons of choosing certain topics. The findings of this study present that most of EFL students tend to use the kind of topics of social, health, and culture. The chosen topics also have many influences on the EFL students' speaking activities and their performance. The interesting topics especially about hot issues which happen in society can increase the students' interest. Then, the best chosen topics make the EFL students' speaking activities more interactive and successful. The favourite or interesting topics will also make the students more eager and do better on their speaking activities. Moreover, the EFL students choose certain topics for some reasons. Firstly, they are interested in the issues in the topic. Secondly, the EFL students use certain topics because they have their own experience about that topic. Thirdly, the EFL students tend to use hot issues in society to become their chosen topics on speaking activities. Finally, the EFL students use certain topics because they like a challenge; they also want to enhance their speaking ability, so they choose hard topics as their chosen topics on speaking activities.


Historic Shipwrecks are classified by archaeologists as "cultural resources" to indicate that shipwrecks are a significant facet of America's resources--as much so as her natural resources. Like coal and oil, cultural resources are non-renewable: once destroyed, they are lost to us forever. How do we determine which are historically significant? Fortunately, there is already in effect a valid and pragmatic evaluation system: criteria for the National Register of Historic Places. The Register applies strict standards for the determination of significance. Only a small fraction of all sunken ships lying in U. S. waters would meet these criteria. Currently, no state or federal law prohibits diving on shipwrecks. Hopefully, divers and archaeologists will join forces to protect these historically significant sites.


This September the transition from Grammar to Senior High School will be virtually complete. The transfer age is 14, and is, at the moment, by parental choice. We still have all boys, but receive our first intake of girls this year. Our first non-selective entry was in 1964, and all members of the mathematics staff, only one of whom had met them previously, have now taught the lower ability groups. We have had our problems, none insurmountable, and more of administration than of adaptation. Anyone embarking on a transition to Comprehensive education and needing advice is recommended to read Canon Eperson's admirable article in the recent Gazette. Much of what he says we have learned by experience, and if I requote from Newsom, it is because the quotations are particularly apt.


The mass spectral fragmentation of l-tryptophan has been investigated as a function of desorption technique and photoionization method using 7 keV Ar+ static sputtering, 355 nm pulsed laser-induced desorption, and thermal desorption at 150 to 200 degree(s)C in conjunction with 118 nm (10.49 eV), 266 nm (4.66 eV), and 355 nm (3.50 eV) laser positionization. In addition, ion-stimulated desorption of neutrals has been compared with positive secondary ion data. Molecular fragmentation is dominated by the internal energy contribution of the desorption process rather than photoionization method; fragmentation is maximal with ion-stimulated desorption and minimal with thermal desorption. Furthermore, single-photon ionization with 118 nm generally results in less fragmentation than multiphoton ionization (MPI). Finally, the effect of laser pulse width on the 266 nm MPI of thermally-desorbed neutral species has been explored. The use of 35 ps rather than 5 ns laser pulses at 266 nm has been explored. The use of 35 ps rather than 5 ns laser pulses at 266 nm has been found to cause a decrease in the molecular fragmentation of l-tryptophan. These results have implications for the surface analysis of labile organic compounds.


In 2018, scholarship in book/media theory sketched the ways in which books embody time, shape our experience of time, and live in time. In particular, authors examine the book as a material object that resists being placed in a cohesive, progressive history (Whitney Trettien, Deidre Lynch, Michelle Sizemore, John Plotz), and that bends and textures linear temporality through the experience of reading (Christina Lupton). This review also discusses new theoretical discourses surrounding the material book, including new materialism (Jonathan Senchyne), the digital notion of 'interactivity' (The Multigraph Collective), and the concept of rarity (David McKitterick). Recurring through many of the works this year is a call to reconsider our definitions of the book and the archive, as scholars peer into the less well-known, cut-and-paste world of scrapbooks. This chapter is structured under the following headings: 1. The Time of Reading; 2. Books in Time; 3. Books in History; 4. Bookish Agencies.


The objective of this study was to develop, implement, and validate the human articulating joint model parameters for crash dynamics simulations. Measured human joint data were used to model the elbow, knee, shoulder, hip, and ankle joints, resulting in detailed joint stop contours and resistive torque properties. Simulation results, including graphics and various response time histories were compared with results of human volunteer sled tests. In spite of needed improvements, this preliminary validation shows that the articulated total body model with the developed joint parameters predicts both major features of the human motion and biodynamic responses very well in frontal impacts. The new joint model parameters offer many improvements over previous joint properties. Language: en


An aluminum microwire was locally anodized to form a nanowire with triangular cross section. Nanostructure formed through local anodization depended strongly on a cross sectional shape of a microwire before anodization. The width of the nanowire was controlled by the ratio of voltage between edges of locally anodized area to anodization current. This indicates that local anodization has the potential to fabricate of nanostructures for nanodevices.


This study describes a micro device integrated with multi-chamber for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with different annealing temperatures. The device consists of the reaction polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip, a cover glass chip, and is equipped with cartridge heaters, fans, and thermocouples for temperature control. In this prototype, commercial software is utilized to determine the geometric and operational parameters those are responsible for creating the denaturation, annealing, and extension temperatures within the chip. Two cartridge heaters are placed at two sides of the chip and maintained at two different temperatures to achieve a thermal gradient on the chip during the annealing step. The temperatures on the chip surface are measured via an infrared imager. Some thermocouples inserted into the reaction chambers are used to obtain the transient temperature profiles of the reaction chambers during several thermal cycles. The experimental temperatures compared to the simulated results show a similar trend. This work should be interesting to persons involved in the high-temperature based reactions and genomics or cell analysis. Keywords—Polymerase chain reaction, thermal cycles, temperature gradient, micro-fabrication.


The Late Cretaceous -Early Tertiary Baft ophiolite sequence in central Iran is a part of the Mesozoic ophiolitic belt that surrounds the Central Iranian Microcontinent (CIM) for several hundred kilometers. The ophiolitic complex includes blocks of gabbro, hypabyssal rocks, and spilite (both as lava flows and pillow lavas) enveloped in a matrix of tectonized harzburgite. Geochemical studies reveal two mafic lava groups, a tholeiitic basalt, which is similar to mid-oceanic ridge basalt, and a transitional tholeiitic basalt similar to intra-plate basalt. Geological observations and chemical analyses suggest that the Baft ophiolite might have formed at or near a ridge-transform intersection in a small, slow spreading (<1 cm/year) oceanic basin (Nain-Baft basin). This ophiolite was emplaced on the Central Iranian Microcontinent due to oblique convergence of the Afro-Arabian Plate with Eurasia. Slow spreading of the basin is suggested by the absence of cumulate gabbro and lack of evidence for pure melt segregation of magma. Support for the oblique convergence and for a counter-clockwise rotation of the spreading system includes (1) the juxtaposition of the metamorphic complex of eastern Central Iranian Microcontinent with the metamorphic belt of southern Iran (Sanandaj-Sirjan Belt) to the west and (2) the intersection of the older, north-south trending doleritic dikes with younger, east-west trending doleritic dikes. The sheared contacts between different lithological units, the development of a pronounced schistose foliation at the contact between serpentinized harzburgite and gabbro, as well as sheared clasts and dismembered rocks within basalt and serpentinized peridotite, are further evidence for the oblique convergence model.


Models of speciation‐with‐gene‐flow have shown that the reduction in recombination between alternative chromosome arrangements can facilitate the fixation of locally adaptive genes in the face of gene flow and contribute to speciation. However, it has proven frustratingly difficult to show empirically that inversions have reduced gene flow and arose during or shortly after the onset of species divergence rather than represent ancestral polymorphisms. Here, we present an analysis of whole genome data from a pair of cactophilic fruit flies, Drosophila mojavensis and D. arizonae, which are reproductively isolated in the wild and differ by several large inversions on three chromosomes. We found an increase in divergence at rearranged compared to colinear chromosomes. Using the density of divergent sites in short sequence blocks we fit a series of explicit models of species divergence in which gene flow is restricted to an initial period after divergence and may differ between colinear and rearranged parts of the genome. These analyses show that D. mojavensis and D. arizonae have experienced postdivergence gene flow that ceased around 270 KY ago and was significantly reduced in chromosomes with fixed inversions. Moreover, we show that these inversions most likely originated around the time of species divergence which is compatible with theoretical models that posit a role of inversions in speciation with gene flow.


Conventional wireless power transfer systems consist of a microwave power generator and transmitter located at one place and a microwave power receiver located at a distance. Here we show that wireless power transfer can be realized as a single distributed microwave generator with an over-the-air feedback, so that the microwave power is generated directly at the place where the energy needs to be delivered. We demonstrate that the use of this paradigm increases efficiency and dramatically reduces sensitivity to misalignments, variations in load and power, and possible presence of obstacles between the source and receiver.


Domestic online power quality monitor(PQM) product has come into use for nearly ten years.Based on actual requirement and the development of online PQM product,this paper analyses functions and characteristics of existing homemade products,and introduces some application examples of PQM products.Development trend of online PQM product is also presented in the paper.


The results of an ab initio theoretical mechanistic study are used to suggest that oxo-alkylidene complexes are the active, chain-carrying metathesis catalysts for high-valent Mo, W, and Re complexes and that the oxygen ligand is intimately involved in the catalytic process. Furthermore, we suggest that oxo-alkylidene complexes are formed on supported molybdate and tungstenate catalysts and that dioxo precursors can provide a convenient route to formation of well-defined surface catalysts for olefin metathesis and oxidation reactions. The spectator oxo group is suggested to play a central role in stabilizing the critical intermediate in these reactions and may be important in other reactions of metal oxides (e.g., Mn04-, OsO,, Ru04, supported transition-metal oxides). One of the most intriguing and best studied catalytic reactions in organometallic chemistry is the olefin metathesis reaction.' It is of potential synthetic utilityZ and is of industrial importances3 Formally, the reaction involves a simultaneous cleavage of two olefin double bonds followed by the formation of the alternate double bonds c=c + c=c 2 c = c (A) where M is an appropriate metal complex. The currently accepted mechanism involves a metal-alkylidene (carbene) complex (that is, M==CRz) as the active chain-carrying catalyst that reacts with an olefin to form a metallacyclobutane intermediate (a of Scheme I) that decomposes to form the product olefin (b of Scheme I). This mechanism was proposed by Herrison and Chauvin4 and has been established through detailed (and ingenious) study of isotopic scrambling (Grubbs5 and Katz6) and by indirect evidence such as the synthesis of metalloalkylidenes (Schrock') and metallacyclobutanes (Green: Puddephatt? Whitesides,lo and Ibers") and by the analysis of the character of polymeric products of cycloolefins (Caseylz). Furthermore, Casey13 has synthesized lowvalent metallocarbenoid complexes [W(CO),CPh,] that stoichiometrically metathesize olefins. Potential chain-terminating side reactions are the unimolecular decomposition of the metallacycle (reductive elimination), forming a cyclopropane plus the reduced metal complex (c of Scheme I), and the bimolecular decomposition of the carbene complex (d of Scheme I). As indicated above, that are two general classes of complexes used to mechanistically investigate olefin metathesis: (1) highvalent (generally do) complexes of Mo, W, and Re (these are generally catalytic and often industrially important) and (2) low-valent complexes of Cr, Mo, and W (oxidation state zero) (these have been significant in determining the general mechanism for the metathesis reaction but are generally not catalytic and have been of little industrial importance). There are significant differences between the highand low-valent systems, particularly in the nature of the metal-CR, bond. Since only the high-valent class of metathesis complexes have been established to be truly catalytic, this paper will deal exclusively with this type. Typical recipes for active homogeneo~s '~ high-valent Mo, W, and Re metathesis catalysts involve a combination of various sources of metal [M(O) through M(VI)] with Lewis acids such as * * M * under a variety of conditions. A result of this diversity is that a detailed understanding of the ligand environment and even the Bantrell Fellow, 198C-1981. Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523. Scheme I


Immunity to malaria requires an elongated time to develop and understanding of the immune response to malaria, especially in children under five, is limited due to the lack of a reliable animal model to study the pathogenesis of the disease. By utilizing a newly developed young rodent model in our lab, we have observed that both splenocytes and purified CD4+ T cells from 8-week adult mice proliferate faster than day 15 old young mice (pups) when stimulated in vitro. Based on the proliferation pattern, we concluded that as the mice age, their cells have the potential to proliferate faster. When transferred to immunocompromised RAG1 knockout (RAG1KO) mice, both pup and adult cells protected from death. This data suggests that there is both a proliferative and responsive cell population in the splenocytes of pups that may promote protection against malaria infection in mice. To better understand this responsive cell population, we adoptively transferred splenocytes from both pups and adult mice into RAG1KO mice and infected the cell recipients with P. chabaudi. We observed higher proportions and numbers of innate lymphocytes including gamma delta (γδ) T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in the pup splenocyte recipients when compared to the adult counterparts on day 9 post-infection. However, there were significantly higher proportions of macrophages in the adult spleen cell recipients. Taken together, our findings suggest that pup cells are enriched with innate lymphocytes that may promote protection against P. chabaudi infection.


Older adults: what's on your plate? Here are some quick dietary tricks and serving recommendations for an 1,800-calorie diet. This full-color handout is adapted from USDA's MyPlate by nutrition faculty of the UF Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, October 2011.


Layered lithium insertion materials examined in the phase triangle of LiCoO2-LiNiO2-LiMnO2 [1-6] are the positive-electrode materials for the lithium-ion batteries. Densities of the highly crystallized materials ranges from 4.4 to 5.0 g cm determined by XRD and the operating voltage is above 3.5 V against Li, which clearly indicate that the lithium insertion materials in the phase triangle have an aptitude for the high-energy density batteries. Rechargeable capacity is usually a function of the chargeend voltage for the layered lithium insertion materials. Some of them deteriorate quickly when we set the chargeend voltage higher than 4.4 V vs. Li while some of them do not, depending on the composition and crystallinity of the samples. LiCoO2 crystallized nicely at temperatures higher than 900°C while LiNiO2 crystallized at 750°C as moderate crystals compared to LiCoO2. LiNiO2 potentially has the rechargeable capacity higher than 200 mAh g. However, stable cycling of the Li/LiNiO2 cells in voltage of 2.5 – 4.2 V is usually difficult, so that the solid solution of LiNiO2 and LiCoO2 is used to extend the cycle life.


Systematic first principles calculations have been carried out to study the structural, electronic, elastic and mechanical properties of ScNi, ScPd and ScPt using FP-LAPW method within GGA. The ground state properties such as lattice constant, bulk modulus and first order pressure derivates of bulk modulus, were evaluated. The electronic and bonding patterns of these compounds have been analysed quantitatively from band structure and Fermi surfaces. It is clear from band structures that these compounds are metallic in nature. Ductility for these compounds is analysed by using Pugh's criteria, Cauchy pressure (C12–C44) and Frantsevich rule. Amongst all these Sc compounds, ScNi is found to be most ductile due to the presence of strong metallic bonding.


Last June I was in Boston, from the 14th to the 30th, and during this time Alypia octomaculata was in season and very abundant. Had I chosen to carry a net in the public gardens and uptown streets, I suppose I could have taken a couple of hundred specimens, always provided that I wasn't "run in" as a lunatic. As it was, I contented myself with carrying a supply of pill boxes, and succeeded in taking about thirty-five specimens. During two days I was visiting a friend about seven miles from the city, but did not see a single specimen of this species; but in those streets in which there were small plots of grass in front of the houses, they were very common. The spot where I took the most of those I captured was a plot of grass about ten feet by seven, in which there was a Syringa between two Deutzias, both species of shrubs being in blossom.


We have proposed Axial Offsets (AO) Trajectory Method for xenon oscillation control in pressurized water reactors. The features of this method are described as such that it can clearly give necessary control operations to eliminate xenon oscillations. It is expected that using the features automatic control logics for xenon oscillations can be simple and be realized easily. We investigated automatic control logics. The AO Trajectory Method could realize a very simple logic only for eliminating xenon oscillations. However it was necessary to give another considerations to eliminate the xenon oscillation with a given axial power distribution. The other control logic based on the modern control theory was also studied for comparison of the control performance of the new control logic. As the results, it is presented that the automatic control logics based on the AO Trajectory Method are very simple and effective.


Cross-over studies on volunteers with several doses of azlocillin ranging from 1.0 to 5.0 g have shown that azlocillin is subject to dose dependent pharmacokinetics, the area under the serum curve becoming larger than expected as doses increase. There was also a tendency towards longer serum half-life values and excretion of more unchanged compound as the doses increase. The serum half-life varied between 0.9 h after 1.0 g increasing to 1.5 h after intravenous doses of 5.0 g given to adults. In neonates, values around 2.6 h have been observed, and they were slightly longer in premature babies at approximately twice the value in adults receiving similar doses per kg body weight. In normal adults protein binding lies between 35 and 40% for therapeutic concentrations. Approximately 60-75% of the dose appears as unchanged azlocillin in the urine, increasing with higher doses. Reduced renal function lowers urinary excretion, but concentrations are always above the break point for sensitivity of 32 mg/l in patients with creatinine clearances above 10 ml/min. In anephric subjects T1/2 of 2.5-6 h is observed. Dosage modifications only to one-third of normal are needed for a renal clearance of 10-25 ml/min. The concentrations of active compound are high in the bile in subjects with normal liver function.


Aiming at the malpractice of the circuit principle experimental teaching model,this paper introduces the advantages of the circuit principle experimental teaching model with the combination of virtual and reality. Practices indicate that students' manipulative ability is developed,students' studying enthusiasm and initiative are inspired in this model,which is composed of simulation of experiment by Multisim before class,practical operation in the lab and the design link after class.