'Hollowing out' state is a concept firstly coined by Rhodes (1994) to describe the process that 'state is being eroded or eaten away' through the process of hollowing out downward, hollowing out outward and hollowing out upward. This research is aimed at exploring the application of the 'hollowing out' process in developing and transitional economies in Asia namely China, Indonesia and Vietnam. The paper argues that 'hollowing out' state is an applicable and useful concept in Asian countries. It is to explore the process that nation-state is giving up a part of its power to non-state actors through process (i) decentralization, (ii) privatization and (iii) trading off nation-state power to regional associations when appropriate. The motivation behind the 'hollowing out' state is economic growth and democratization. Given limited resources, governments have to liberate and mobilize social resources, depend on local governments and non-state actors to produce public goods and create public values. Economic growth goes hand in hand with democracy. The level and degree of democratizing society is heavily dependent on government agenda in party-states as Vietnam and China while it is the goal of Indonesia society. As such, the understanding of 'hollowing out' state in Asia is different from that in Western context. In Asia, 'hollowing out' state may be understood as state deliberately gives up some power for other actors to take up when appropriate. Changes in institutions occur in accordance to government 'hollowing out' agenda. As a result, the 'hollowing out' process has not yet led to a 'hollow state' (Guys 1994). In fact, state remains as a strong key actor that decides how much power they are willing to give up to non-state actors and international actors as well. However, it is witnessing the dynamics of state-society relation is occurring. Private sector and civil society have 1 This version is a preliminary draft. Suggestions are welcome and should be sent to Diep Tran at firstname.lastname@example.com. Please email me to be updated on the final version.


Although recent studies have increased attention on the effects of related and unrelated variety on innovation, a Chinese test has until now been missing from the literature. This paper aims to investigate how related and unrelated variety affect regional innovation in Chinese provinces. In particular, emphasis was placed on differentiating the analysis for the industry and services sectors at a detailed sectoral level.,This paper's sample is composed of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2016. Feasible generalized least squares was used to estimate the effects of related and unrelated variety on regional innovation.,The results show that related variety in all sectors promotes regional innovation, whereas unrelated variety in all sectors does not play a role. In-depth analyses were performed by comparing the industry and services sectors. Only related variety in the industry sector and unrelated variety in the services sector promote regional innovation, whereas unrelated variety in the industry sector exerts a negative effect. After dividing the country into eastern, central and western regions, different findings appear in the sub-samples.,This study contributes to the literature on evolutionary economic geography and innovation by exploring how related and unrelated variety promote regional innovation in a developing country context (China). It also sheds light on the sectoral and regional differences in the influence of related and unrelated variety on regional innovation.


The authors would like to draw the reader's attention to an error in the following article: Birnbaum, M. L., Rizvi, A. F., Confino, J., Correll, C. U., & Kane, J. M. (2017). Role of social media and the Internet in pathways to care for adolescents and young adults with psychotic disorders and non-psychotic mood disorders. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 11(4), 290–295. The order of the authors was published incorrectly. Below is the correct order. Michael L. Birnbaum, Asra F. Rizvi, Jamie Confino, Christoph U. Correll, and John M. Kane. The authors apologize for this error and any confusion this may have caused. DOI: 10.1111/eip.12524


Charge‐exchange measurements during ICRF‐only and combined ICRF (2MW) and NBI (7 MW) heating have been made with vertically‐viewing mass‐resolving analyzers. We have observed an enhancement of the deuterium spectrum above the beam injection energy, providing evidence of second harmonic acceleration of beam ions by the ICRF waves. The measured spectra are in resonable agreement with the predictions of a comprehensive ICRF+NBI code, given the measurement error bars and the simulation uncertainties due to the hydrogen concentration, RF power profile, and effects of sawteeth. In the ICRF‐only case, we present measurements from a toroidal field scan which show that the flux of 150 keV H‐minority ions varies by a factor of 7 and is largest when the resonance layer is over the detector sightline. Future experiments are proposed to extend the results obtained here.


We develop a theory for distribution functions which are defined on an abstract linearly ordered space. This extends and gives additional insight into the work of J. H. B. Kemperman who was concerned with a special class of linearly ordered spaces. Attention is given to nonparametric appli- cations. The utility of Kemperman's work on tolerance regions and of related applications to goodness of fit tests, appearing in this paper, is en- hanced. In particular, it is shown that a number of standard nonparametric procedures can be extended to cover almost any kind of random sample (e.g., multivariate and most time series data) occurring in practice. 1. Introduction and summary. The spaces studied by modern probabilists have become very general. Frequently some structure is imposed on a space, but typically not an ordering. Since distribution functions can only be defined on partially ordered spaces (classically, on finite dimensional Euclidean spaces), they have become the "poor cousins" of probability measures. Nevertheless, distribution functions serve several important roles: (a) For the probabilist, they concisely conserve the information represented by a probability measure on a finite dimensional Euclidean space. (b) For the statistician, among other things, they enter into the definition of certain goodness of fit test statistics such as the Kolmogorov statistic D,. In this paper we only consider distribution functions (df) for linearly ordered spaces. We present what we believe to be a reasonably complete theory for abstract linearly ordered spaces. An effort is made to find parallels with results for the real line. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for a df to uniquely determine the probability measure giving rise to it. The theory specializes for a class of spaces introduced by J. H. B. Kemperman (1956). He was studying the subject of nonparametric tolerance regions. We consider alternative applications-nonparametric goodness of fit tests-in a slightly more general setting than his. On the practical side, Theorem 3 below permits one to apply a wide range of nonparametric statistical procedures to many new situations. What is required is a random sample with the observations assuming values in a separable metric space. This includes multivariate data and many types of times series data.


Graduate students at the Air Force Institute of Technology used a state-ofthe-art digital design package to explore new concepts in computer architecture. N.mpc is a register transfer level simulation system developed at Case Western Reserve University to assist in the development of single or multiple microprocessor systems, The RISC was developed at the University of California at Berkeley to provide an alternative to today's movement towards computer architectures driven by extensive, complex, and sophisticated instruction sets. This project exposed students to RISC's new architectural concepts while simultaneously providing hands-on experience with one of today's most advanced computer design tools.


The Radiocarbon Laboratory at the University of Barcelona began its serial measurements in 1985. The following list contains dates obtained between 1985 and 1987. Both archaeological and geological samples were dated. The measurement technique we use is liquid scintillation counting of benzene. A previous paper (Mestres, García & Rauret 1991) describes sample pretreatment, synthesis and counting protocols and equipment.


Steam provides a means of transporting controllable amounts of energy from a central boiler room, where it can be efficiently and economically generated, to the point of use. For many reasons, steam is one of the most widely used commodities for conveying heat energy. Its use is popular throughout industry for a broad range of tasks from mechanical power production to space heating and process applications. This is why some consider steam to be the energy fluid [1]. The ability of steam to retain a large amount of energy on a per weight basis (1000–1200 Btu/lb) makes it ideal for use as an energy transport medium. Since most of the heat energy contained in steam is in the form of latent heat, large quantities of energy can be transferred efficiently at constant temperature, which is useful in many process heating applications. The use of steam has come a long way from its traditional associations with nineteenth‐century locomotives and the Industrial Revolution. Steam today is an integral and essential part of modern technology. Without the use of steam, our food, beverage, textile, chemical, medical, power, heating, and transportation industries would be crippled.


This paper proposes a methodotogy for applying sim ulation technology to the monitoring and control of operations, focusing on the use of intelligent agents. These agents monitor the course of the real operation and compare it with the near-real-time simulation of that operation. When these agents detect significant differences between the planned operation and the real operation, they explore the discrepancies to determine the impact on the desired outcome of the operation. These agents can launch additional simulations or other tools to make this determination. In cases in which the success of the plan is threatened, the agents advise the decision maker. The contributions of this research are (1) to help identify the requirements for a simulation designed for use during operations and (2) the development of a methodology for using sim ulation, along with rational agents, to compare the real, ongoing operation with the planned operation and make recommendations when appropriate. While several training simulations have been developed, there are currently no tools that provide this simula tion-based, agent-assisted operation monitoring/ analysis capability to decision makers.


NTUBATION of the trachea was known even I before the discovery of anesthesia but was slow to gain acceptance until World War 11. Several factors combined to popularize the procedure, including the complex nature of war injuries, the desire to perform more elaborate elective operations, and the advent of the intravenous anesthetic agents and muscle relaxant drugs. These factors, as well as the increase in the skill of the anesthesiologist, have made tracheal intubation an everyday procedure.


The in vitro viability of sperm cells following the addition of three commercial diluents was evaluated and compared with the traditional Tris-yolk diluent for the refrigeration of ovine sperm up to 48h of storage. Nine daily ejaculates were obtained from three Dorper breeders using an artificial vagina; three repetitions were performed in a three-day interval. The semen was kept at 30°C and macro and microscopic characteristics were evaluated. The samples were pooled and the evaluations were repeated, along with assessments of sperm concentration, DNA integrity, and acrosome integrity. The pool was distributed into five treatments, each with one part of semen to three parts of the following diluents: Equimix (DI), Laiciphos Green Ovine (DII), FR 4 (DIII), Equimix-Yolk-Equimix with egg yolk (DIV), and Tris-Yolk (DV). The material of each treatment was aliquoted in quadruplicate, refrigerated, and maintained at 4°C until the evaluations of the individual progressive motility (IPM), vigor, DNA integrity, and acrosome integrity, corresponding to 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48h. The highest decrease of IPM occurred with DI (at 12h) in comparison to the other diluent groups (P 0.05). At 48h, DII and DV had the highest values (P<0.05). Regarding vigor, DII and DV had higher values (P<0.05) than DI and DIII at 12h and higher values than DIV at 24h (P<0.05). From the results, like Tris-Yolk, and Laiciphos Green Ovine can be used for the conservation of semen at 4°C for 48h, whereas Equimix plus 20% egg yolk may be used for the storage of semen at 4°C for up to 24h.


The intelligent mobile video supervising system based on DSP are introduced in this paper. Based on TMS320DM642 embedded platform, video capture and processing functions are designed. Based on streaming media technology and mobile communication technology, video relay and distribution functions are designed. Based on windows mobile, video monitoring and control functions are designed. With embedded and intelligent features, the system proves to meet design expectations. Embedded technology makes the system enjoy the advantage of compact size, high stability, strong mobility and application suitability in a variety of environment. Similarly, Detection algorithm of moving objects based on human morphology and linkage alarm functions have greatly reduced the cost of system and avoid the false alarm.


The present invention, without significantly reducing the mobility of the organic thin film transistor, the organic semiconductor composition to improve the insulation reliability of the organic thin film transistor, and such organic semiconductor composition an organic thin film transistor was manufactured by using, as well as , it is an object to provide an electronic paper and a display device using the organic thin film transistor. The organic semiconductor composition of the present invention contains an organic semiconductor material (A), a polymer compound containing a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (B) and (B).


Plant epigenetic has become one of the key research topics not only as the subject of basic research, but also as a new source of useful traits for plant breeding. Epigenetic regulation is necessary for the production of differentiated cells throughout plant development, as well as maintaining the stability and integrity of the gene expression profiles. Although epigenetic processes are essential for natural growth, they can become misdirected led to abnormal phenotypes and diseases. Epigenetics is the study of heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. The microstructure (not code) of DNA itself or the associated chromatin proteins may be modified, causing activation or silencing. This mechanism enables differentiated cells in a multicellular organism to express only the genes which are necessary for their own activity. In this review, our goal is to introduce epigenetics and its different applications in plants, especially in production of transgenic plants, plants tolerate to biotic and abiotic stresses and understanding the mechanisms of gene silencing. Also, in this review, we have referred to the role of transposons in epigenetic, epigenetic engineering methods, epigenetic fingerprinting and ultimately methods for epigenetic data analysis and related databases.


Texas border cities, at the front line of North American Free Trade Agreement-driven economic changes, have found new paths to growth by taking advantage of trade-inspired commercial opportunities during the past two decades. Partly as a result, unemployment in the largest communities has declined.


López ArrietaJRodriguez ArtalejoF. Methodology, results and quality of clinical trials of tacrine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of the literature. Age Ageing. 1998 Mar;27:161–79.


The present study aims to characterize Coptic plasters from the monastery of St. Simeon (Deir Anba Hatre), Aswan, Upper Egypt. The characterization was carried out by means of optical microscopy (OM), petrographic examination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR). The results allowed the identification of the stratigraphic analysis of the plaster layers and their chemical composition. The results showed that the studied plasters were of low quality and hence perfectly comparable to those from the Pharaonic, Ptolemaic and Roman ages. The results helped in enriching our knowledge concerning some materials dating back to the Coptic period in Egypt.


Cryptographic devices that potentially operate in hostile physical environments need to be secured against side-channel attacks. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the required countermeasures, scientists, developers, and evaluators need efficient methods to test the security level of a device. In this paper we propose a new framework based on confidence intervals that extends established t-test based approaches for test-vector leakage assessment (TVLA). In comparison to previous TVLA approaches the new methodology does not only enable the detection of leakage but can also assert its absence. The framework is robust against noise in the evaluation system and thereby avoids false negatives. These improvements can be achieved without overhead in measurement complexity and with a minimum of additional computational costs compared to previous approaches. We evaluate our method under realistic conditions by applying it to a protected implementation of AES.


Objective
To investigate the correlations between HLAⅡ gene polymorphism and the development of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children and to identify the susceptibility genes and protective genes for MPP for further elucidating the pathogenesis of MPP and providing the guidance for researches on gene therapy for MPP.

Methods
Genotypes of HLAⅡ gene (HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DRB1) in 60 children with MPP and 30 healthy children were detected by using sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR). The haplotype frequencies, linkage disequilibrium and correlations with MPP were analyzed by using Arlequin software and Chi-square test.

Results
The frequencies of HLA-DQA1*0201/*0301 in children with MPP (35.83%/30.00%) were higher than those in healthy children (16.67%/8.33%) (χ2=12.139, P<0.05, OR=5.059; χ2=15.142, P<0.05, OR=7.500). However, the frequency of HLA-DQA1*0401 in children with MPP decreased to 12.50% as compared with 40.00% in healthy children (χ2=24.638, P<0.05, OR=0.083). The frequencies of HLA-DRB1*07/*15 in children with MPP increased to 38.33%/30.00% as compared with 20.00%/16.67% in healthy children (χ2=11.735, P<0.05, OR=4.929; χ2=5.692, P<0.05, OR=3.000). But the frequency of HLA-DRB1*11 dropped to 15.00% as compared with 43.33% in healthy children (χ2=19.448, P<0.05, OR=0.087).

Conclusion
HLA-DQA1*0201, HLA-DQA1*0301, HLA-DRB1*07 and HLA-DRB1*15 might be the susceptibility genes for MPP in children, while HLA-DQA1*0401 and HLA-DRB1*11 were probably associated with the resistance to MPP. No extensive linkage disequilibrium was found between HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DRB1.

Key words:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia; HLAⅡ gene


Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre, also known as water knotweed, belongs to the Polygonaceae family and has two types: terrestrial and aquatic. We report the chloroplast genome of P. amphibia obtained through de novo assembly of Illumina paired-end reads produced by total DNA sequencing. We analyzed the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of P. amphibia and found it to be 159,455 bp in length, with a large single-copy region (LSC, 84,281 bp), a small single-copy region (SSC, 13,258 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (IR, 30,956 bp). It contains 79 protein-coding, 29 tRNA and 4 rRNA genes. Comparative analysis of nine Persicaria cp genomes showed a similar genome structure and gene content. However, ycf3 intron II was lost in three Persicaria species (P. hydropiper, P. japonica, and P. pubescens) and the SC/IR regions of four species (P. amphibia, P. hydropiper, P. japonica, and P. pubescens) included the rps19 gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the nine Persicaria species revealed that P. amphibia is sister to P. hydropiper, P. japonica, and P. pubescens. Moreover, we found sequence divergence regions; the largest were rps16-trnQ, trnQ-psbK, trnW-trnP, ndhF-rpl32, and rpl32-trnL regions. This study could be useful for phylogenetic tree analysis of Persicaria and for the identification of Persicaria species.


Insufficient vacuum-stability of matrix chemicals is a major limitation in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of large tissue sample cohorts. Here, we designed and synthesized the photo-cleavable caged molecule 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl-2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (DMNB-2,5-DHAP) and employed it for lipid MALDI-MSI of mouse brain tissue sections. DMNB-2,5-DHAP is vacuum-stable in a high vacuum MALDI ion source for at least 72 h. Investigation of the uncaging process suggested that the build-in laser (355 nm) in the MALDI ion source promoted in-situ generation of 2,5-DHAP. A caging group is used for the first time in designing a MALDI matrix that is vacuum-stable, uncaged upon laser irradiation during the measurement process and that boosts lipid ion intensity with MALDI-2 laser-induced postionization.


Snowden's initial revelations aimed at establishing a public debate on online surveillance informed through the media. Media should serve the public's need for information and offer various viewpoints and sources to enhance public debates. This study assesses how online surveillance is justified or countered in British broadcast news since the 2013 Snowden revelations for five selected major events in news coverage ending with the Charlie Hebdo aftermath in Paris in early 2015. The critical discourse analysis shows that UK broadcasts cover justification and delegitimation arguments of online surveillance. Online surveillance legitimation combines rationalisation (terror prevention) and moral evaluation (public security) arguments, which are often expressed by governmental actors. The broadcast discourse tends to give governmental, pro-surveillance actors a voice by default. The detailedness of terror threat descriptions increases over time. In 2013, 'terrorist attacks' are rather factually mentioned. In 2015, several ways leading to a loss of lives through terror are explicitly stated, which strengthens the instrumental rationality legitimation arguments. Delegitimising arguments predominantly use moralising and mythopoetic arguments (civil liberties) that are expressed by Snowden himself or politicians, yet rarely by non-governmental organisations, and very rarely by citizens. It is harder for non-governmental actors to continuously interpret the broadcast discourse. Therefore, what exactly is at stake when online mass surveillance increases remains obscure in the news discourse. The surveillance discourse should be richer in order to give the audience a chance to understand the vague and less tangible contra-surveillance arguments better. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1211721 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-125063 Published Version Originally published at: Lischka, Juliane A (2017). Explicit terror prevention versus vague civil liberty: How the UK broadcasting news (de)legitimatise online mass surveillance since Edward Snowden's revelations. Information, Communication and Society, 20(5):665-682. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1211721


An ultrasonic irradiation route (USI route) is developed to synthesize whisker-like copper sulfide (Cu9S8) nanocrystals via the reaction between copper sulfate pantahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) and thioacetamide (CH3CSNH2) in an aqueous solution at room temperature under ambient pressure. XRD, TEM, UV–vis and PL spectra are used to characterize the obtained product. A possible reaction process is suggested in the end of this paper.


The 2-factor structure of S. Gibson and M. H. Dembo's (1984) Teacher Efficacy Scale (TES) was investigated. Although the researchers asserted that the factors corresponded to A. Bandura's (1977) outcome and efficacy expectations, A. E. Woolfolk and W. R. Hoy (1990) observed that the factor structure is potentially confounded by item orientation; items on the 1st factor have a mostly positive orientation, whereas items on the 2nd factor are mostly negative. That possibility was tested by revising TES items so that both orientations were available for each item. Teachers (N = 196) completed 1 of 2 scales, each with revised and original items. Three potential factor structures were examined using principal axis factoring. Although the teacher efficacy construct may be multidimensional, when wording confounds are eliminated, the TES appears unidimensional.


RAINFASTNESS AND LEACHING OF INSECTICIDES USED IN BLUEBERRY PRODUCTION By Daniel Hulbert Blueberries are an economically important crop for Michigan with several substantial insect pests. Industry standards put considerable pressure on blueberry growers to maintain insect free berries at the time of harvest. Because of this, insecticides are a common method for their control. Michigan also receives on average about 50 to 100 mm of rain per month during the blueberry growing season which causes a risk of insecticide wash-off and leaching into the environment. Field-based bioassays were used to determine the efficacy of insecticides to control Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman) and cranberry fruitworm (Acrobasis vaccinii Riley) after receiving simulated rain fall. Soil columns were also collected in order to measure leaching of some of these insecticides. None of the insecticides used to control cranberry fruitworm decreased in efficacy after receiving rainfall. Zeta-cypermethrin and imidacloprid were the most resistant to wash off of the insecticides used to control Japanese beetle. In the leaching experiment, carbaryl was the only insecticide to leach into the lower levels of soil at a concentration high enough to cause significant toxic effects on redworms (Eisenia feoetida Savigny) which were used to determine toxicity of the insecticides at different soil depths. The results of these experiments will ultimately help blueberry growers increase the efficiency of their insecticide use and make better decisions in regards to their insecticide use and their likely to cause contamination.


The results of experiments carried out on the releases of phytoseiid mites Amblyseius aberrans (Oud.) and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten in a vineyard infested by the tetranychid mites Panonychus ulmi (Koch) and Eotetranychus carpini (Oud.) are reported. Increasing densities of predators (10, 25, 40, 50, 100 overwintering females per plant) were released at the beginning of the experiments. Simultaneous releases of the two species were carried out at different ratio to complete previous observations on the competition between the species. The A. aberrans populations controlled the spider mites at low densities independently from the initial release density used. T. pyri seemed more efficient in containing the P. ulmi populations than those of E. carpini. The T. pyri populations declined in the last summer corresponding to high temperatures while the A. aberrans populations seemed not affected by them. In the plots receiving mixed releases of the two species A. aberrans displaced T. pyri within the first year.


This paper looks at the feasibility of using short elements radar scatters elements within concrete as a marker to cracking. It is shown that the dynamic range of power returns due to broken scatterers (indicating cracks) is small, but nevertheless consistent putting such techniques near the limits of feasibility when taken in a statistical context.


For the relationship between innovation and regional economic growth,the theorists have different understandings.One view is innovation can promote the regional fonnation and growth,the other view is that the formation of the region led to the production of innovative activities.At the same time,research on the influence factors of regional innovation system attracted wide attention,including whether human capital and labor mobility impact and to what extent on the regional innovation and growth.This article tries to explain the role that human capital and labour flowing in promoting a regional innovation and growth by analyzing annual panel data of Beijing, Tianjin,Shanghai,Shenzhen and other eight cities in all.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to further the theoretical understanding of leadership in emergency type organisations by modelling contextual aspects which are assumed to influence it.Design/methodology/approach – A theoretical analysis followed by an operationalisation of key concepts and two small‐scale empirical cross‐sectional tests.Findings – Contextual conditions at the group, organisation, and environmental levels that are assumed to influence leadership in emergency type organisations were modelled in lower‐ to higher‐extent bipolar dimensions. An empirical test involving Scandinavian military officers (n=57) and Swedish health care (ambulance) professionals (n=39) yielded profiles for leaders at three different hierarchical levels during severely demanding operations: field‐level group/team leaders; field‐level commanders/managers; and high‐level strategic commanders/managers. Considerable differences were found between the three profiles on scales designed to measure environmental and mo...


An apparatus for heat treating manufactured components using microwave energy and microwave susceptor material. Heat treating medium such as eutectic salts may be employed. A fluidized bed introduces process gases which may include carburizing or nitriding gases. The process may be operated in a batch mode or continuous process mode. A microwave heating probe may be used to restart a frozen eutectic salt bath.


Recently frequent emergencies show the lower level of local government emergency management capacity,but on the other hand,most of local governments do not actively take action to building capacity of emergency management.In emergency management ability construction,the central government and local government exists principal-agent relationship.Therefor,this paper studies which ways central government could use to encourage local governments to build capacity of emergency management by introducing principal-agent model,and schemes out concrete incentive mechanism from four aspects according to the game model results.The incentive mechanism will be implemented to improve the ability of local government emergency management.


The present invention provides novel internal structure of the energy regulator, the assembly of the outer structure and the mounting structure of the energy regulator, and A, a novel circuit including an energy conditioner having B and G main electrode.


The object of this study was to compare the mortality rate of ischemic stroke patients before and after the establishment of stroke fast track service since 1 October 2010 in Phetchabun Hospital. Multiple factors were compared between the death and the survive groups of patients who received treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Patients recruited in the study were those diagnosed as ischemic stroke attending the hospital from 1 October 2005 to 14 May 2014 with the age of over 15 years old. Patients with arterial blood pressure more than 180/110 mmHg,bleeding tendency, pregnancy, or having incomplete data were excluded. It was found that 3.79% of ischemic stroke patients received rt- PA. The mortality rates of ischemic stroke patients before and after establish stroke fast track were not difference statistically (11.2±1.36 versus 10.42±3.34, p=0.670). The death patient group had higher rate of diabetes, intracerebal hemorrhage, level of NIHSS before receive thrombolysis (11.60±4.17 versus 11.26±4.56, p=0.006) and the level of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) after receive thrombolysis (7.90±8.604 versus 47±4.56, p<0.0001) than surviving patient group. Key words: ischemic stroke, thrombolysis, stroke fast track


It is well-known that BiCG can be adapted so that the operations with A T can be avoided, and hybrid methods with computational complexity almost similar to BiCG can be constructed in a further attempt to improve the convergence behavior. Examples of this are CGS, Bi-CGSTAB, and BiCGstab(`). In many applications, the speed of convergence of these methods is very dependent on the incorporated BiCG process. The accuracy of the iteration coeecients of BiCG depends on the particular choice of the hybrid method. We will discuss the accuracy of these coeecients and how this aaects the speed of convergence. We will show that hybrid methods exist which have better accuracy properties. This may lead to faster convergence and more accurate approximations. We also discuss look-ahead strategies for the determination of appropriate values forìn BiCGstab(`). These strategies are easily applied for the hybrid part, in contrast to similar techniques for the BiCG part (but of course they do not solve the breakdown problems of the BiCG part).


TK 89 is a Maturity Group II soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar which has higher protein content, larger seed size and better lodging resistance than Corsoy 79 but is 2 d later and lower yielding. Key words: Glycine max, TK 89 cultivar, cultivar description, soybean


Contamination in human cerebrum causes the mind issue which is as Epilepsy. The contaminated territory in the cerebrum area creates the unpredictable example signals as focal signs and the other sound locales in the mind produce the standard example signals as non-focal sign. Henceforth, the discovery of focal signs from the non-focal signs is a significant for epileptic medical procedure in epilepsy patients. This paper proposes a straightforward and proficient technique for EEG (Electroencephalogram) signals orders utilizing SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier. The exhibition of the proposed EEG signals characterization framework is assessed as far as Sensitivity, Specificity, and Accuracy.


Abstract An infinite subset of ω is monotone (1–1) if every recursive function is eventually monotone on it (eventually constant on it or eventually 1–1 on it). A recursively enumerable set is co-monotone (co-1–1) just if its complement is monotone (1–1). It is shown that no implications hold among the properties of being cohesive, monotone, or 1–1, though each implies r-cohesiveness and dense immunity. However it is also shown that co-monotone and co-1–1 are equivalent, that they are properly stronger than the conjunction of r-maximality and dense simplicity, and that they do not imply maximality.


The proposal of Oakes linking the pion mass and the strangeness-changing weak interactions in investigated in the (8,8) symmetry breaking of $\mathrm{SU}(3)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{SU}(3)$. This leads to a determination of the Cabibbo angle and the $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3\ensuremath{\pi}$ decay rates which are in agreement with the earlier results in the $(3,\overline{3})\ensuremath{\bigoplus}(\overline{3},3)$ model. The connection between cancellations in the leading weakinteraction divergences and the Cabibbo angle, however, does not hold in the (8,8) scheme.


Cause-related marketing (CRM) has been a crucial concept of sport marketing literature in the professional sport context. However, there is little evidence available to address the effectiveness of CRM when the levels of sport fans' embedded psychological characteristics helping others are considered. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of sport fans' perceived CRM motive of a sport team on fan attitude and purchase intention for the team-licensed products, and the moderating effects of sport fans' altruism on the relationships among these variables in the context of the Korean professional baseball league. A total of 164 Korean baseball fans participated in the present study. Results revealed that sport fans' perceived CRM motive significantly affected fan attitude and purchase intention for the team-licensed products, and fan attitude also had a significant impact on purchase intention. Moreover, sport fans' altruism had significant moderating effects on the relationships between perceived CRM motive and purchase intention, as well as team attitude and purchase intention for the team-licensed products. Consequently, the present study might demonstrate that professional sport fans with high altruism are more likely than fans with low altruism to evaluate the motive of a team's CRM campaign as cause-oriented and show their support for the campaign.


ABSTRACT The challenging of normative Whiteness is paramount in dismantling the cycle of inequality that permeates society. The persistent and operant nature of Whiteness within the Academy is enduring and depicts faculty of colour as deficient or incapable. The articulation of racialised experiences has become an instrument of empowerment for faculty of colour in an attempt to reclaim power and disrupt the operant tools of Whiteness. This paper employs a Critical Race Theory (CRT) a storytelling method, which operates as a counter-narrative in attempting to conceptualise my own professional experiences of negotiating normative Whiteness, diversifying Eurocentric curricula and conceptualising the racial mirco-aggression. The narratives proffered demonstrate the subtle but powerful ways in racism unfolds within in the Academy and the nuanced, everyday forms of racism that persist against a backdrop of Whiteness. Deconstructing oppressive, racialised structures is central to the belief that morally we collectively have a responsibility to dismantle inequity in all its suboardinated forms to ensure that we reside in a more egalitarian society.


Correct matching between PV array and inverter improves the inverter efficiency, increases the annual produced energy, decreases the clipping losses of the inverter, and prevent to a large extent the inverter frequent shut downs during clear sunny days of high solar radiation and low ambient temperature. Therefore, this paper presents a new methodology for selecting the appropriate peak power of the PV array with respect to the inverter output AC rated power taking into account the local daily distribution of solar radiation and ambient temperature. In addition, the proposed methodology specifies the appropriate number of PV modules in each string and the number of parallel strings connected to the input of the inverter according to its specifications and to PV cell temperature. Mathematically modeling of system parameters and components are presented and used in the simulation to investigate the different scenarios. The paper presents also a case study using simulation to find the optimal matching parameters of a PV array connected to an inverter with the specifications: 6 kW rated output power, an input mpp voltage range of 333-500 V, 6.2 kW maximum input DC power, and an output AC voltage of 230 Vrms. Considering the local climate conditions in West Bank, the simulation resulted a peak power of 7 kW for the PV array, which is greater than the inverter output power by the factor 1.16. In addition, the obtained PV array consists of two parallel strings each includes 12 PV modules connected in series while each PV module is rated at 290 W. The output voltage of the PV array varies between 359 V to 564 V at minimum and maximum temperature of 10  ̊C to 70  ̊C respectively. This PV array-inverter combination resulted by simulation an annual yield of 1600 kWh/kWp and an energy of 11197 kWh which corresponds to an energy gain of 1591 kWh/year more than using a PV array with a peak power of 6 kW as the inverter rated power.


Case Report Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a complex disorder and associated with thrombosis which causes significant morbidity with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Many percentages of patients with the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were tested positive for aPL antibodies. However, patients in the early stage do not report to have SLE symptoms. In the present case, the primary APS antiphospholipid antibodies were present with multiple deep vein thrombosis. A 24-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital for the complaints of excruciating pain over the left lower limb and swelling that extended till the groin. Further, the investigations were confirmed antiphospholipid syndrome through positive results of tests for anti-cardiolipin (ACLA), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and beta-2 glycoprotein. However, the presence of SLE is confirmed only by direct coombs test. In this case, SLE with APS antibody not triggered the syndrome, and there were no signs of any SLE syndrome, however, patients had multiple deep vein thrombosis and underwent for the catheter-directed thrombolytic procedure. In the present case, early diagnosis and sufficient treatment are required to prevent the progression of the disease.


Research purposes:Based on the analyses of stability control factors of shallow-buried tunnel adjacent to mountain and the disadvantage of traditional design scheme,a new type of tunnel structure,permeable tunnel with ribbed arch beam,is presented.Researching the way for knowing the deformation mechanism and mechanical characteristics of permeable tunnel with ribbed arch beam can make the development trend of rock-slope mass during excavating.It can provide the basis for taking the preventive measures. Research conclusions:With practical engineering,the design principle and structural characteristics of this tunnel are expounded;and on the basis of the study of the rock-slope mass structure features and deformation failure characteristics during this tunnel excavation,the deformation failure mechanism of this tunnel is elaborated;the interaction mechanics characteristic of the surrounding rock-supporting structure is systematically studied by numerical simulation method.The result shows that the coordination effect of the both is good,and the supporting strength is improved on the stress concentration area.


Background: Researchers in software engineering have increasingly added gray literature (GL) to primary and, especially, secondary studies. Several reasons explain this decision, such as grasping practitioners' view on the topic under study. However, the use of GL in research poses several challenges like the amount and unstructured nature of data. The lack of automated tools and approaches to aid this task creates a bottleneck in selecting documents for inclusion. Aims: We investigate how summaries generated by PositionRank, an unsupervised text summarization approach, could support the inclusion analysis of documents in a GL study. Method: We performed an evaluation of using PositionRank to summarize documents analyzed on an ongoing study on software engineering. We compared the rating among two raters in a cross-over setup using summaries and full-text documents. We calculated their agreement, the precision and miss-rate using summaries against the full-text. The raters also discussed the documents on which they had conflicted answers and reached categories of reasons to explain the disagreements. Results: The results indicate that some inclusion criteria, which might be positively determined by few sentences, is susceptible to be misclassified when using summaries. Conclusions: Our study presents an analysis of the use of automatic summarization to support the inclusion assessment in gray literature studies discussing when this solution is viable. Our results could guide further studies in this direction.


This paper presents a stochastic Markov chain model for estimating new entrants into professional orders and their related pension funds. The model considers the interactions between demographic, socio-economic and regulatory variables. The intuition behind it is that, in the medium term, trends in academic education can anticipate changes in the job market and preferences for highly skilled professions. Similarly, in the long term, fertility trends can anticipate the number of future young adults, thus influencing the overall occupational structure of employment. The model has been formalized mathematically and successfully validated by backtesting over historical data. The model's predictions have been compared with the observed data of new entrants into the Italian order of chartered accountants (CNDCEC) between 2012 and 2021. The related professional pension fund (CNPADC) has also been analyzed under the additional assumption of stochastic returns with an evaluation of the impact of future new chartered accountants on its demographic and financial evolution between 2020 and 2070.


X-ray investigation of θ-BEDT-TTF 2 RbZn(SCN) 4 was carried out around the temperature of the phase transition to the nonmagnetic state. θ-BEDT-TTF 2 RbZn(SCN) 4 exhibits a metal–insulator transiti...


A central problem in part-of-speech tagging, especially for new languages for which limited annotated resources are available, is estimating the distribution of lexical probabilities for unknown words. This paper introduces a new paradigmatic similarity measure and presents a minimally supervised learning approach combining effective selection and weighting methods based on paradigmatic and contextual similarity measures populated from large quantities of inexpensive raw text data. This approach is highly language independent and requires no modification to the algorithm or implementation to shift between languages such as French and English.


We have explored a completely new and alternative way to restrict the parameter space of Horndeski theory of gravity. Using its Newtonian limit, it is possible to test the theory at a regime where, given its complexity and the small magnitude of the expected effects, it is poorly probed. At Newtonian level, it gives rise to a generalized Yukawa-like Newtonian potential which we have tested using S2 star orbit data. Our model adds five parameters to the General Relativity model, and the analysis constrains two of them with unprecedented precision to these energy scales, while only gives an exclusion region for the remaining parameters. We have shown the potential of weak-field tests to constrain Horndeski gravity opening, as a matter of fact, a new avenue that deserves to be further, and deeply, explored near in the future.


This research identified and discussed several issues in motion compensated frame rate conversation: spatiotemporal enhancement of decoded motion vectors in compressed domain, novel and fast video shot boundary detection, foreground segmentation under inconsistent motion styles and hybrid motion compensated frame interpolation methods.
First of all, methods for spatially and temporally compressing video redundancy have been identified and analyzed. Due to the compression, encoded motion vectors are unable to precisely provide object motion direction and velocity, and have low spatial granularity. Ground on the facts above, we employ a spatiotemporal filtering and interpolation method that not only reduces the negative impacts brought by random noises, but also enhance both the spatial and the temporal resolution of motion vector fields decoded from compressed video sequences.
Motion compensated frame rate conversion is highly dependent on consistent visual contents that continuous frames represent. Hence, in the second part, we introduce a novel video shot boundary detection method. Similar frames are first grouped together. To overcome the initial over-segmentation, we measure the ratio of the between-group distance and the within-group distance for any two consecutive groups, and then iteratively merge two groups that minimize this ratio.
Thirdly, we study the motion segmentation, especially when foreground objects exhibit different motion styles from that of background. An iterative estimation method is proposed to use the enhanced motion vector field as input and carefully separate blocks that have larger motion errors from the rest. The separated blocks are then filtered and tracked to form consistent spatiotemporal objects.
Fourthly, two different motion compensated frame interpolation methods are provided. Hybrid block-based interpolation reconstructs the background by applying the estimated motion model on every background pixel, followed by a conventional block-wise foreground reconstruction. In region-based interpolation, foreground is segmented into regions. By spatial and temporal merging, the region correspondence between two frames is established. Pixel-level motion estimation is applied on every pair of matching regions. Regions in interpolated frames are then derived from the intermediate state of compensating one matching region to another. Experimental results suggest that region-based method generates less block artifacts than block-based method.


At the end of this activity, the successful learner should: 1. Demonstrate an understanding of the natural history and manifestations of reflux disease 2. Evaluate the role of diagnostic testing such as endos-copy, esophageal manometry, ambulatory pH monitoring , and impedance-pH monitoring in the management of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease 3. Evaluate the options for treatment of patients with complicated and uncomplicated reflux disease. The objectives of this technical review were to evaluate diagnostic and management strategies for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Specifically, 12 broad questions were developed by interaction among the authors, the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute, the Clinical Practice and Quality Management Committee, and representatives from the AGA Institute Council. The questions were designed to encapsulate the major management issues leading to consultations for GERD in clinical practice in 2008. The issue of management of Barrett's esophagus was intentionally excluded, because this will be the focus of a later treatise. However, the indications for performing endos-copy were within our purview. For each question, a comprehensive literature search was conducted, pertinent evidence reviewed, and the quality of relevant data evaluated. The resultant conclusions were based on the best available evidence or, in the absence of quality evidence , the expert opinion of the authors of the technical review and medical position statement. The strength of these conclusions was weighed using US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) grades detailed in Table 1. The details of the development methodology used for this and subsequent AGA Institute technical reviews and medical position statements as well as the literature search methodology and yield associated with each of the questions in this technical review are available as a separate document on the AGA Institute Web site. GERD has been the most common gastrointestinal diagnosis recorded on outpatient physician visits since 2006, even surpassing abdominal pain. 1 This is remarkable considering the vagaries of the diagnosis. Most patients with heartburn do not have esophagitis, even before treatment, 2 and this disconnect becomes more exaggerated after empirical antisecretory therapy or with atypical GERD symptoms. Furthermore, although the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis and reflux symptoms share common elements, the two have several independent determinants as well. Finally, with respect to treatment , potent inhibition of gastric acid secretion reduces the lethality of gastric juice to esophageal epithelial cells such that esophagitis will heal, irrespective of whether or not gastroesophageal reflux is reduced or …


2,3,5-Trimethylpyridine was oxidized to 2,3,5-trimethylpyridine N-oxide(Ⅰ) in 91% yield by treatment with hydrogen peroxide in hot acetic acid.Ⅰ was nitrated with fuming nitric acid in conc. sulfuric acid to give 2,3,5-trimethyl-4-nitropyridine N-oxide(Ⅱ) in 80.4% yield.Treatment of Ⅱ with sodium methoxide afforded 4-methoxy-2,3,5-trimethylpyridine N-oxide(Ⅲ) in 91% yield.Heating Ⅲ with acetic anhydride gave 2-acetoxymethyl-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridine(Ⅳ) in 66.6% yield.Then Ⅳ was hydrolyzed to 2-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridine(Ⅴ) in 93% yield.Finally,Ⅴ was halogenated with thionyl chloride to give 2-chloromethyl-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridine hydrochloride(Ⅵ) in 90.6% yield.Structure of Ⅵ was primarily identified by TLC,IR and ~1HNMR.


Abstract : The monograph is concerned with the theory and practice of designing diagnosis and information systems. Systems are developed to be used in clinics and the technical means of achieving these diagnosis and information systems using computer technology are also presented. Systems are discussed for diagnosing rheumatic vitia cordis, primary rheumatism, stomach illnesses, etc. All systems are based on the same logical-computational principles. The monograph aims to aid in the development of machine diagnosis in clinical institutions. The book is intended for large groups of physicians and specialists in the use of computer technology in medicine. (Author)


Abstract In six cows with rumen fistulae, dry matter percentages (DM%) and steam volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations have been measured in grab samples of digesta taken from eight regions in the reticulo-rumen, and in samples obtained by "bailing," a procedure in which all the digesta are transferred to a large drum and mixed before sampling. Comparisons between regional and drum samples were made when the animals were fasted, when they were stall-fed freshly-cut red clover or red clover hay, and when they were grazing a mixed perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture. In both stall-fed and grazing animals, whether fas,ted or fed, differences were found in DM% and in VFA concentration in the digesta from different regions of the reticulo-rumen. There appeared to be a direct relationship between these differences and the degree of "rafting" of the solid feed residues at the time of sampling. No single region provided samples that consistently matched the drum samples in either DM or VFA content. Nor cou...


Antimicrobial agents are some of the most widely used therapeutic agents worldwide. The use of antimicrobials made medical procedures such as organ transplant, cancer chemotherapy, and major surgery relatively safe.1 The treatment of bacterial infections was made possible by the discovery of antibiotics, antibacterials that work by either killing bacteria or inhibiting their growth. However, the misuse and mishandling of antibiotics and other antimicrobials by patients as well as health care professionals resulted in the emergence and spread of resistance.1,2 Microorganisms that develop resistance show decreased sensitivity to antimicrobials, rendering them ineffective in preventing and treating bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral infections. Another important concern is the fact that most of those agents are often associated with adverse side-effects on the host, increasing the risk of complications that could sometimes be deadly.3 Those issues, along with several others, provoked the attention of researchers towards traditional treatment. Medicinal plants are of particular interest.2,4 Plant oils and extracts are being extensively tested for their potential use as alternative and safe remedies for the treatment of many infectious diseases.5,6 Turmeric, also known as curcumin is also an example. Turmeric is scientifically called Curcuma longa, a plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family.2,7,8 Its rhizomes are thick and fleshy, elongated in shape and surrounded by a rough segmented skin. It has a yellowish-brown color with a pale orange color on the inside.3,9 The length of the root varies from 2.5cm to 7cm, and the diameter of the main root is generally around 2.5 cm. The plant is native to Southern Asia, and is widely cultivated in the warm areas of the world namely in India, as well as other countries including China, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Peru and Australia.7,11 C. longa is used for several purposes in medicine, cosmetics, food flavoring and textile industries.4,7 It has been shown to exhibit major pharmacological activities which include antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antitumor, wound healing and antiviral effects.4,7,8 Furthermore, it displays important therapeutic effects against cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases.2,10 The plant is also prescribed for the treatment of a wide range of health issues related to the digestive tract.11 Curcumin has also shown significant antibacterial activity against several strains of both Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria.9 Staphylococcus aureus is one of the Gram-positive strains that was reported to be susceptible to curcuma.9 Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of severe infections in health facilities (nosocomial infections) and the community.3 It can cause various infections including infective endocarditis (IE), bacteremia, skin and soft tissue, osteoarticular, and pleuropulmonary infections.9 Over the years, S. aureus has evolved and developed multiple strategies to evade the human immune system and to resist antibiotic treatment (MRSA).9 The aqueous extract of Curcuma longa has shown antibacterial activity against S. aureus.2,11 The methanol extract of turmeric also revealed an inhibitory effect against S. aureus.3,9 The study of hexane and ethanol turmeric extract showed antibacterial activity against 13 bacterial species including S. aureus.9 Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of different fractions of C. longa rhizome extract against S. aureus clinical isolates showed that all fractions of C. longa rhizome are highly active against standard and clinical isolates of S. aureus showing zone of inhibition ranges between 9mm and 21mm. Further observations revealed that the benzene extract was least active, showing zone of inhibition of about 9mm at the concentration of 50mg/ml while methanolic extract was most active showing zone of inhibition of about 19mm at the concentration of 50mg/ml3. Curcumin was also reported to exhibit an inhibitory effect on methicillin-resistant S. aureus.9 The purpose of this study was to test the effect of different concentrations of methanol extract of curcumin on local clinical multiresistant strains of S. aureus.


Emerging single chip inverters are very attractive for small variable speed drives but have a rather limited power handling capability. To maximize the power handling, square-wave excited high phase number induction motor drives are proposed which have significantly reduced inverter losses due to a low switching frequency. An analysis of the airgap MMF in high phase number induction motors and basic PSpice inverter model are used to verify these ideas. As an example an integrated drive design is presented that uses a six-phase induction motor and two Hitachi ECN3067 high voltage integrated circuit (HVIC) inverters for a demanding vacuum pump application. Results confirm reduced inverter losses and good drive performance.


The article describes a method to improve the uniformity of electroplating using fuzzy logic. This method provides for the replacement of the non-stationary model of the process dynamics in distributed coordinates with the quasi-stationary model of the process dynamics in lumped coordinates. The production knowledge model with "IF-THEN" rules is developed for the stochastic influences taken into account. The dynamic choice of the defuzzification method is justified by solving the problem of minimizing the absolute deviation of the coating thickness average value obtained from the non-stationary model from the predicted value according to the quasi-stationary model at const values of stochastic influences. As an example, fuzzy control of the current for nickel coating is considered, taking into account the stochastic influence of the electroplating time, detail area, temperature and acidity of the electrolyte. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of the combined defuzzification method in comparison with their independent use in the control process.


Four microbial communities named WSD-5,N,M and D,which with stable wheat straw-degradation capability,were constructed at normal temperature using the restricted cultivation technology.Compared with other three groups,WSD-5 exhibited the potential higher wheat straw-degradation ability during the process of continuous cultivation.On the 15th day,WSD-5 displayed the maximum wheat straw-degradation rate up to 75.6%,compared to N(65.0%),M(69.4%) and D(67.5%).Based on the results,up to 94.2% of cellulose,81.9% of hemicellulose,and 21.3% of lignin could be decomposed by WSD-5.The activities of cellulase,xylanase,and filter paper were detected for all the four communities and the results demonstrated that WSD-5 showed the highest enzyme activity(filter paper activity,1.30 U/mL;cellulose endonuclease activity,4.35 U/mL;exonuclease,0.60 U/mL;β-glucosidase activity,0.43 U/mL;xylanase activity,15.16 U/mL).The result of specific primer PCR showed that WSD-5 was consisted of fungi and bacteria together.


Choline exists in feed ingredients and also synthesized in the body. It is essential for the physiological functions such as performance and lowering liver and body fat. If choline is insufficient in the diet, the liver fat content and abdominal fat content increase causing a metabolic disorder known as a fatty liver syndrome. Thus, dietary supplementation of choline as synthetic choline chloride or through natural herbs to the diets is compulsory. Besides fatty liver syndrome, choline deficiency causes loss of hepatocytes, heart diseases, bone and growth development abnormalities and impairment in kidney functions. The main indication of choline deficiency is raised up the level of liver enzymes like alanine transaminase (ALT). This ALT is usually measured clinically during diagnostic evaluation of hepatocellular injury to fix liver health. Lipotropic nutrients like choline could prevent fatty liver disorders through several mechanisms, such as increased hepatic very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) secretion. Human and animal studies have reported protective impacts of choline for fatty liver disease (FLD) in addition to coronary heart disease (CVD) prevention from epidemiological data. Nowadays, choline supplementation is below the dietary recommendations because of a lack of understanding the importance of this vital nutrient for human and animal health. In the current review article, literature * Corresponding author KEYWORDS


: A key soil invertebrate, earthworms significantly affect soil quality and the broader ecosystem. In this paper, we review the ecological characteristics of earthworm species Amynthas corticis, A. morrisi, A. robustus , A. aspergillum , Pontoscolex corethrurus and Eisenia fetida in southern China and their effects on soil pH, enzyme activity, metal accumulation and availability, the formation of soil pores and micro-aggregates, and the decomposition of organic waste. In sum: (1) Earthworms in southern China can survive in soil with a wide range of pH (3.8–7.9), and their survival rates are related to soil type, organic matter content, soil contamination level and earthworm species; (2) Enzyme activity in earthworm guts, castings and drilosphere indicate the appetite of different earthworm species, the process of soil nutrient cycling and soil microbial characteristics, respectively; (3) Earthworms are capable of accumulating different metals and altering their availability, but this capability varies depending on earthworm species, element and soil type; (4) Earthworm activity and cast production can change soil structure, increase the amount of soil pores and affect the size, amount and distribution of soil aggregates. Moreover, we highlight the potential acidification of soil, nutrient imbalance in tea gardens, soil metal contamination, the compaction and destruction of soil during expressway construction, and the utilization of agricultural and urban organic waste. At present, due to insufficient investigations into the physiological characteristics of earthworms and a lack of Amynthas sp. breeding technology, earthworm applications are scarcely conducted at medium and large scales. Hence the promotion of earthworm technology is especially limited in southern China. It will be necessary to explore the potential of earthworms in soil restoration further and to analyze the mechanisms earthworms employ during soil construction and management in order to develop technologies to perform the functions currently occupied by earthworms.


Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) belongs to malvaceae family and its widely cultured in the world for its fibrous fruits which contain round white seeds. In this study the bioactive compounds where extracted by using many solvents methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and water. The ethanolic extract where used invitro to determine the antibacterial activity of the extracts of dried fruit okra against some selected potential bacterial pathogens, Klebsiella and E. coli. This research is an experimental study using completely randomized design by using disk diffusion testing method. The object used was the extract of the Okra fruits at concentration of 25%, 50%, 100% and 200%. The zone of inhibition was 3.73mm at 200% with Klebsiella and 3.47 mm with E. coli in comparison with the control 4.4 mm. The least concentration of the extract that completely inhibit the growth of the organism MIC is 30%.


Jane S. Jaquette and Gale Summerfield's edited collection presents an important set of reflections on the key issues and concerns about women and gender and development over the last three decades. Based on field research and the authors' insights into development practice from the United States, Latin America, Africa, and Asia, the book provides solid ground for assessing women and gender in development strategies. From academic, policy, and practitioner perspectives the authors cover topics as diverse as women's well-being and globalization, gender and development institutional arrangements, environmental conservation and land rights, women's access to information technology, employment, and poverty reduction. They critically assess gender mainstreaming as a key policy of development agencies, women's institutional access to power, conflicts arising around indigenous cultural identities, the gendered impact of land privatization, and women's mobilization. The book is a useful addition to the growing literature on gender and development, gender equity, and global women's rights (Sheila Rowbotham and Stephanie Linkkogle 2001; Rosalind Pollack Petchesky 2002; Peggy Antrobus 2004; Arvonne Fraser and Irene Tinker 2004; Joanna Kerr, Ellen Sprenger, and Alison Symington 2004; Luciana Riccutelli, Angela Miles, and Margaret McFadden 2004). It will no doubt be an important gender and development reference for those teaching undergraduate courses on development and policy-makers who are reflecting on where the field stands after three decades of gender and development projects and programs. As well-known feminist economist Lourdes Benerı́a points out in her blurb on the back cover, gender and development is in need of some Feminist Economics 14(2), April 2008, 151 – 173


Any advanced software package that is distributed in the form of source code requires an adequately powerful build system. As there are many tools of this kind available, the choice of the most suitable one should be done owing to its management capabilities for developers and the ease of use and portability for potential users. The user's perspective is usually very narrow, hence this short report is an effort to provide comparative analysis of a new rising star - the SCons build system - in relation to the old and ubiquitous GNU Autotools from the developer's point of view. This is by no means a guide or another fancy evidence that the author managed to follow mentally the introductory manual. 1. Landscape Out of plethora of more or less exotic build systems, usually basing on derivations of the common make tool, there are some that attempt to enable specification of dependencies in source code and build rules within a fresh mindset. Some more eminent Open Source solutions in this category are: - Apache Ant - aimed to be general but widely considered and therefore applied as Java-specific, - Boost.Build and Bjam - designed with generality in mind, found their niche mainly in projects written in C++, - Cons and SCons - introducing new concepts in a very terse way, far from being complete yet of generality proved in manifold applications. Because of its growing popularity and some author's experience with this tool, SCons became the hero of this report.


We describe how we constructed an automatic scoring function for machine translation quality; this function makes use of arbitrarily many pieces of natural language processing software that has been designed to process English language text. By machine-learning values of functions available inside the software and by constructing functions that yield values based upon the software output, we are able to achieve preliminary, positive results in machine-learning the difference between human-produced English and machine-translation English. We suggest how the scoring function may be used for MT system development.


For the 2-container water tank experiment system with lumping lag and nonlinear characteristic,a fuzzy adaptive PID control approach is put forward.In this approach,the controller of fuzzy adaptive PID parameters is designed,the control arithmetic is deduced,and the control program in matlab is written.Finally,the results show that this method is rationality and feasibility.


The micro-mobility is an important aspect in mobile communications, where the applications are anywhere and used anytime. One of the problems of micro-mobility is the hand-off latency. In this paper, we analyse two solutions for IP micro-mobility by means of a general taxonomy. The first one is based on the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), which allows the dynamic address configuration of an association. The second one is based on the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), which is the most popular protocol for multimedia communications over IP networks. We show that for the SCTP solution, there is room for further optimisations of the hand-off latency by adding slight changes to the protocol. However, as full end-to-end solution, SCTP is not able to handle simultaneous movement of hosts, whose probability in general cannot be neglected. On the other hand, the SIP can handle both single and simultaneous movements cases, although the hand-off latency can increase with respect to the SCTP solution. We show that for a correct and fast hand-off, the SIP server should be statefull.


Stokes I and V profiles of Fel 630.1 nm and Fel 630.2 nm observed in a sunspot with an angular resolution >0.5" are analyzed. We find asymmetric V-profiles whose shapes are in agreement with previous determinations having lower angular resolution (~5"). We also find a correlation between penumbral small scale variations of continuum intensity and velocity. Although it involves smaller velocities, such correlation resembles that existing in the quiet sun as a consequence of convection.


A printing device, which operates on an electrohydrodynamic principle, was used to deposit 100 layers of a 10 vol% zirconia suspension. Thus, a wall ∼100 μm in thickness was freeformed. The wall thickness achieved in this work is almost 30% less than that of similar structures built by ink-jet printing and therefore we demonstrate a novel print deposition based solid freeform fabrication method, which can be developed further for preparing fine ceramic structures.


The relevant terminology is confused. In a previous paper (Sheridan, 1959), I offered my own definitions. Language is the symbolization of thought in speech, gesture or writing for the purpose of interpersonal communication. Speech is the use of systematized vocalizations to express verbal symbols or words. Hearing is the reception of sound by the ear and its transmission to the primary auditory area of the cortex. Listening is the act of paying attention to the sounds received with the object of interpreting their meaning. Interpretation of spoken language depends upon previous learning, that is upon the gradual building up of an efficient memory register, to which incoming words can be referred for matching, i.e. recognition, and from which needed words can be summoned at will, i.e. recall. Between infants and their mothers a prelinguistic interpersonal communication can be seen which expresses itself in clinging or nestling, in resistive stiffening or furious bodily activity and in unorganized but emotion-charged vocalizations. It is concerned with the direct expression of basic feelings and needs. Later the non-speaking toddler pulls his mother where he wishes her to go, places her hand on an object he desires, points urgently with his finger, smiles, strokes her face caressingly, or throws a tantrum. This primitive form of communication deserves closer study than it has yet received, because when symbolic language fails


The author examines the possibility of generating squeezed states out of coherent states by external changes of the oscillator frequency. Using the evolution operator method developed by Cheng and Fung, he investigates the evolution of a coherent state of a time-dependent harmonic oscillator as well as its squeezing and coherence property. Two specific models of frequency variation are explored; namely, one whose frequency is exponentially decreasing in time and the other with a periodic frequency. His analyses indicates that the wavefunction of the time-dependent oscillator starts as a coherent state at t=O and evolves as a squeezed state at a later time. It is also shown that squeezing cannot be generated by an adiabatic change of the oscillator frequency because the variances of q and p turn out to be adiabatic invariants, whereas a sudden change can produce squeezing.


procedure secondary to an incomplete neurectomy of all branches of the posterior division of the MACN. We often found the basilic vein easier to identify initially than the nerve itself and, due to the proximity, allowed for identification of the nerve as well. It is also an important landmark to identify the posterior branches of the nerve crossing posterior to the vein. According to these data, when a branch of the MACN is identified posterior to the basilic vein, a neurectomy may safely be performed without risk to the anterior branch, sparing additional morbidity from sensation to the anteromedial proximal forearm and elbow. Without further clinical evidence at this time, the authors still recommend identification of the anterior branch intra-operatively to confirm that it is uninvolved.


A classification method based on Optic Disc (OD) detection is proposed in this paper. It automatically generates a set of optimal features for classifying the OD areas and therefore eliminates the errors due to complicated feature extraction process of previous approaches. Validations on 4 public databases showed the proposed method is superior to existing work on both success rate and speed. The present method achieved an average success rate of 97.8%, (332 images out of 340 testing images). Moreover, OD detection could be completed within 1.04 seconds (need 1.04 ± 0.8) per image.


The study of linguistic personality (LP) in linguopragmatic approach effectively employs pragmatic intentions as a means of representing individual picture of LP by attracting attention, interesting the reader, exerting emotional impact, activizing knowledge structures, stimulating the addressee's creativity, representing the conceptual world picture. The linguopragmatic analysis is based on lexica-grammatical and linguostylistic ones, and it appears to be their logical continuation in respect of linguopragmatic interpretation of the received data. It is aimed at revealing verbal signals of formation of the pragmatic meanings and their substantial and functional interpretation, defining the pragmatic effect of speech communication. Proceeding from the notion of communicative-pragmatic situation, the analysis of LP is made in the following parameters: subject and aim of communication, social, psychological and individual characteristics of LPs, role and personal relations between LPs. The conducted research confirms the suggested hypothesis that the peculiarity of LP in literary discourse is revealed in a specific linguistic form of reflection of its semantic-stylistic, pragmatic, cognitive, national and cultural characteristics that represent a certain correlate of features of spiritual aspect of LP. The implied findings will be a path to build mental and conceptual correlations in defining LP's model.


Objective: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication in congenital heart diseases. To evaluate the quantity of the shunt and the systolic pulmonary pressure the serum level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this analytical-descriptive study, 30 infants and children with respiratory distress, recurrent pneumonias, failure to thrive and had a murmur in their physical examinations and a cardiomegaly on the chest x-ray was selected. Patients have one of ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD) or pulmonary duct artery (PDA) in echocardiography. The BNP serum level measured and compared to the quantity of the left to right shunt and systolic pulmonary pressure detected through evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) by echocardiography. Velocity time integral (VTI) measured by doppler echocardiography at the pulmonary and aortic valves for VSD and ASD, mitral and tricuspid valves for PDA, the Qp/Qs ratio was detected to determine if there was any significant relationship between the former and the two latter. Results: There was a significant relationship between level of pro-BNP and the quantity of the shunt in the patients with VSD, ASD and PDA (P = 0.01). A positive correlation between BNP serum level and Qp/Qs ratio in all the patients. There was significant relationship between pro-BNP level and the systolic pulmonary pressure (P Conclusion : In patients whom PAH pressure cannot be measured for any reason, measure BNP serum can be useful.


Changing the resources of vitamin D and antioxidant nutrients may affect the course of allergic diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between CoQ10, vitamin D, retinol, and α‐tocopherol serum levels and severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children.


This paper gives a complete overview of the plasma and magnetic field in the magnetosheath of Neptune. A more sophisticated method is used to reanalyze the plasma data. This method provides better values of plasma density, velocity, and temperature in the magnetosheath both inbound and outbound from the planet than published previously. The data are compared to results obtained from a gasdynamic model of flow around a planetary magnetosphere. Agreement of theory and data is good for some parameters and poor for others. We show that some discrepancies between the model predictions and observations may be due to changes in the solar wind parameters. The model results and data are used to check the hypothesis that Voyager encountered the high-latitude plasma mantle downstream from Neptune. The deviations of the data from the model results in this region are consistent with those expected for a mantle crossing, with the exception of the plasma temperature which decreases in one crossing and increases in the other. This may indicate that our knowledge of the nature of the mantle-magnetosheath boundary is not complete.


Background:  Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) can now provide a cytopathological diagnosis of underlying pancreatic malignancy with higher success rates than endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP). To determine the significance of EUS‐FNA for the diagnosis of pancreatic mass without biliary stricture, the value of cytopathological diagnosis obtained by EUS‐FNA was retrospectively compared with that by ERP, and the complications associated with these procedures evaluated.


This paper investigates the use of evolutionary algorithms for solving resource constrained scheduling problem which belongs to the class of NP complete problems. The problem involves finding optimal sequence of activities with given resource constraints. Evolutionary algorithms used in this paper are genetic algorithms and genetic programming, for which adequate scheduling mechanisms are defined. Presented solutions are compared with existing heuristics or optimal results.


In their article "Racial/Ethnic Differences in Influenza Vaccination Coverage," Egede and Zheng highlighted the fact that, even though flu vaccine use has improved over time, racial/ethnic inequalities continue to persist. Blacks are less likely than Whites to be vaccinated, particularly in the age group 65 years and older.1 Furthermore, the authors emphasized greater patient–provider communication to improve vaccination rates among Black Americans, as physicians' recommendations can influence flu vaccine use. Since we have not yet seen an end to this year's flu epidemic, and the flu vaccine is in short supply and may not be as effective as in previous years,2 we are left to ponder additional strategies for protecting high-risk populations.

In a pilot qualitative study we conducted in Durham, NC, we asked a sample of 28 elderly Black Americans what other types of flu-preventive health behaviors they practice in addition to, or in lieu of, getting vaccinated. Seventeen flu prevention behaviors were identified, and they can be collapsed into 3 main categories. The first category focuses on keeping the body and immune system healthy, such as eating properly (n = 19), drinking fluids (n = 11), taking vitamins such as vitamin C (n = 7), exercising (n = 6), taking home remedies such as cod liver oil (n = 4), and getting plenty of rest (n = 3). The second category reflects various methods to "keep clean," such as washing hands (n = 3), using disinfectants to sterilize hands or surface areas (n = 3), and having antibacterial wipes handy (n = 2). The last category focuses on avoiding perceived high-risk contexts for getting the flu, such as staying indoors in the winter (n = 15), avoiding sick people (n = 9), and staying away from crowds (n = 2).

Egede and Zheng concluded with the need to implement "effective strategies to increase vacination rates" in health care settings.1 While we support such efforts, we feel that increasing vaccination rates is only a piece of the puzzle and that any targeted intervention developed for elderly African Americans would need to acknowledge the range of flu-preventive behaviors practiced as complementary to getting an annual flu vaccination.


IPO outcomes are affected by the position of the firm's chief executive officer (CEO) within the hierarchy of all worldwide business executives, as measured by the CEO's network centrality. IPO firms with high-centrality CEOs are associated with higher underpricing, lower likelihood of offer price increases from the initial filing range, and lower likelihood of positive overall net wealth effects for the pre-IPO investors. These results suggest that the influence and power derived from high network centrality allows CEOs to insulate themselves from monitoring of their activities and to achieve greater entrenchment, which leads to increased risk of the IPO.


The main problem of the article is the influence of industrial objects at the modern city environment. The hypothesis of paper is suggestion, that plants and factories were crystallizing cores, which formed specific urban life style. Such aspects as location of plants and factories, transport system, social interaction between workers and entrepreneurs, appearance of ecological ideology are highlighted. Author gives some features of industrial landscape of modern Kharkiv in conclusion.


I study repeated games with mediated communication and frequent actions. I derive a Folk Theorem under imperfect monitoring assuming a conditional form of individual identiability. Even in the limit, when noise is driven by Brownian motion and actions are arbitrarily frequent, as long as players are suciently


Probability Functions and Amplitude Measures. Correlation and Spectral Density Functions. Single-Input/Single-Output Relationships. System Identification and Response. Propagation-Path Identification. Single-Input/Multiple-Output Problems. Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output Relationships. Energy-Source Identification. Procedures to Solve Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output Problems. Statistical Errors in Estimates. Nonstationary Data Analysis Techniques. Nonlinear System Analysis Techniques. References. List of Figures. List of Tables. Index. Glossary of Symbols.


A chemical effect of small doses of gamma irradiation on reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide in aqueous solutions was found. The effect ray be due to oxidation of the DPNH by an indirect action of gamma irradiation. Electron spin resonance spectra of irradiated DPN and of nicotine amide, a constituent of DPN, were investigated and formation of free radicals from irradiated coenzymes was proved. A reaction mechanism is proposed. (auth)


By combing the relevant literature of asset-light operation, this paper can roughly divide the research on asset-light operation into the following three categories: the first category is the research on relevant concepts and cases of asset-light operation; The second type of research focuses on the economic consequences of asset-light operation; The third category is the measurement of asset-light operation.


This paper identifies several questions emerging from recent sociological literature on immigrant assimilation. We address these needs by means of an analysis of the [1990 U.S. Public Use Microdata Sample] using [hierarchical linear models]. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for the analysis of labor market effects on individual economic achievement. (EXCERPT)


Topsoil under mother trees has been being used for substrates or media of growing wildlings in the nursery in the forest, but information about where the positions of the topsoil should be collected from the base of mother trees was not sufficiently studied. The study divided the positions into three parts: the closest, the middle, and the farthest positions from the base of mother trees within the projection of the crown of the mother trees. In addition, wildlings used as seedling stocks usually suffer from stress because of extraction from the original sites and transportation process, so they need tending in a simple greenhouse. The study divided the tending duration into four periods: without tending, two weeks, three weeks, and four weeks. The experimental design used was a factorial 3 × 4 with a randomized complete design. Based on the F-test, the positions of topsoil from mother trees and tending duration in a simple greenhouse separately affected the growth of the wildlings. With the least significant difference level of 5%, the results showed that the topsoil close to the base of mother trees, and tending for 3-4 weeks in the simple greenhouse yielded the best growth for the red meranti (Shorea leprosula) wildlings. * Corresponding Author: Basir Achmad  firstname.lastname@example.com International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print) 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub.net Vol. 10, No. 4, p. 239-248, 2017


We consider Shor's quantum factoring algorithm in the setting of noisy quantum gates. Under a generic model of random noise for (controlled) rotation gates, we prove that the algorithm does not factor integers of the form $pq$ when the noise exceeds a vanishingly small level in terms of $n$ -- the number of bits of the integer to be factored, where $p$ and $q$ are from a well-defined set of primes of positive density. We further prove that with probability $1 - o(1)$ over random prime pairs $(p,q)$, Shor's factoring algorithm does not factor numbers of the form $pq$, with the same level of random noise present.


(Pritchard and Trebbau, 1984). Although still abundant in many lowland riverine habitats in Venezuela, including the Capanaparo River, numbers appear to be declining because the terecay is a principal human food staple during the dry season, with both eggs and turtles being consumed or sold in large quantities throughout the species range (Mittermeier, 1975, 1978; Dixon and Soini, 1977; Smith, 1979; Johns, 1987). The terecay is listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red Data book (Groombridge, 1982), and is on Appendix II of CITES. The conservation of this turtle has been given high priority by the IUCN Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (Stubbs, 1991). Previous reports of P. unifilis nesting have been restricted principally to the Amazon River basin in Colombia (Medem, 1964, 1969; Foote, 1978) and Peru (Soini [in Pritchard and Trebbau, 1984]), with a few observations for the Orinoco basin in Venezuela (Pritchard and Trebbau, 1984), and Colombia (Medem, 1964). The principal objective of this study was to determine basic aspects of P. unifilis nesting ecology which could be used for planning future management programs in the Capanaparo River basin. Our study was conducted in the Capanaparo River, a medium-sized Orinoco River tributary that drains an aeolian sand region of the low-lying llanos savanna habitat in southern Apure State, Venezuela. Terecay nests were studied in the vicinity of San Jose de Capanaparo (7?00'N, 68?25'W), principally during the early dry season (January-February) of 1991 and 1992, although one clutch found in 1987 was also included. The study site is located within the Capanaparo-Cinaruco National Park. The Capanaparo also contains Chelus fimbriatus, a small population of Podocnemis expansa, and scattered individuals of the savanna pond dwelling P. vogli. All turtles except for C. fimbriatus are heavily exploited for food by Yaruro Indians and Venezuelan colonists.


It has recently been demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that Green's functions (impulse responses) can be estimated from coherent processing of random vibrations using only passive sensors studies in various applications (ultrasonics, acoustic, seismic...). This article investigates the passive-only estimation of coherent guided waves waves (DC-500 kHz) in an aluminum plate of thickness comparable to aircraft fuselage and wing panels. Furthermore these passively reconstructed waveforms can also be used for damage detection in the plate similarly to conventional active testing. Based on this study, passive structural health monitoring techniques for aircraft panels can be developed using random vibrations.


Even before the Covid-19 pandemic, police intimidation and other disruptive tactics sometimes made it difficult for Ngabe land defender Feliciano Santos to meet with fellow organizers. But their wa...


The events of 1990 and 1991 represent a historical turning point in the development of former Yugoslavia. That Yugoslavia, which consisted of six republics (Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Serbia), had been an example of a relatively developed multi-ethnic socialist state; but from that time its former republics began to separate into ethno-national states, and thus Serbia and Montenegro, sharing an identical national-political ideology, formed the "new" Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The League of Communists of Yugoslavia, up to that point the largest ideological-political institution in the land, disappeared from the political scene. Its functionaries divided off into their respective ethno-national republican parties, whose basic political motto could be expressed in two words-"national democracy." The ideological mechanisms (the political power of an elite, political monopoly, and political privilege) which became characteristic of all these parties, regardless of their changed names, were carried over from the "old" regime, because the political leaders of these new parties, as well as the vast majority of their membership, had previously been "sociopolitical" workers --Communists. Nationalism as a transition to nationalist democracy is a process which began at that point in Yugoslavia, and up to the present day can count its successes only in numbers of victims. The approximately 22 million inhabitants of former Yugoslavia belonged, according to the census of 1981, to 24 different nationalities (see Table


This evening I would direct our attention for a few moments toward a fundamental problem that is the mutual concern of both science and politics. It is the problem that arises from the growing power of the atom as an offensive weapon, and the lack of comparable progress in defensive measures. The continual improvement of nuclear weapons, the increasing potentialities of biological and chemical warfare, have strengthened the potentialities of the offense to such an extent that if it remains unchecked it may soon be capable of destroying our present civilization. To put it bluntly, the United States has acquired a terrific punch with which to meet an all‐out war; but it has at the same time acquired a "glass jaw," because of its own vulnerability to atomic attack. The problem I would have you consider is this: How can the ideas emerging from science be employed to restore balance between the offensive and defensive capabilities that influence nations in their acts and policies, so that our choices of action...


In this study, allergic and non allergic children (7–13 years) were challenged with increasing doses (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mg) of histamine, methacholine, and bradykinin at different study sessions. The effects of these challenges on nasal patency, secretion weight, sneezing, nasal symptoms, eustachian tube function, middle-ear pressure, and pulmonary function were documented. Although intranasal challenges with the three substances provoked nasal symptoms and secretion, only histamine challenge provoked sneezing and resulted in significant changes in the measures of nasal patency and eustachian tube function. None of the substances provoked changes in middle ear pressures or pulmonary function. Allergic status had a significant effect on secretion weight and symptoms of congestion and rhinorrhea, most consistently documented as a greater response of the allergic subjects to histamine challenge. In general, the results of this study in children are similar to those previously described for challenges with these substances in adults.


As stated in the introduction, the editors of this volume bring together archaeological research from early colonial encounters in the Caribbean and the surrounding mainland. They sought original and fresh field data, and asked scholars to bring a material culture perspective to their interpretations. The result is an impressive body of work that brings into conversation case studies from a diverse set of indigenous cultural traditions. Although the authors draw from a range of historical data, previously excavated, and recently excavated material, each foregrounds material culture as a way to understand colonial period interactions. How do the artifacts found at early colonial period indigenous sites help us understand the relationships between European, Amerindian, and African peoples? What can these objects tell us about the culture changes that resulted from these interactions? These questions fit into a larger inquiry into the role of material culture in colonial contexts, which is summarized in the introduction. This epilogue highlights three areas of inquiry that seem critical to the case studies in this volume. What is the scale of contact and material interaction? What are the contexts in which material culture was acquired, created, and deposited? And how do we conceptualize the relationship between foreign or mixed material culture and culture change in a way that honors the indigenous peoples that made, acquired, or deposited these objects? I conclude the epilogue with a short look toward future studies, as inspired by reading these chapters.


The wastewater with heigh concentration aniline in the production of n-butylaniline has been treated by new macroporous resin adsorbent NG-13.As a result,the aniline concentration in waste water has decreased from 8 500 mg/L to 5 mg/L,and the recovery rate of aniline is more than 99%.In addition,the resin can be recycled after desorption.The technology is advanced with little ivestment,stability circulation and simple manipulation.Moreover,it has been industrialized.


constructivism is a collective of different subjects and dimensions. Seen from something contrast to the objectivism. Development of structuralism and recognizing Psychology the thoughts pulse of constructivism can be last Probed even the inner core can be analyzed.


Magnetization‐vs‐temperature curves were determined in MnNi3 for different states of order in the temperature range −196° to 375°C and for fields up to 4000 Oe. Neutron‐diffraction analysis has been performed on the same specimens in order to determine both the average‐order parameter S and the size of ordered regions. The results are compared with the ones available in the literature and discussed in terms of details of the state of order.