Methodology and key technology of provincial information system of mine resources planning and management based on ArcGIS were discussed. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a comprehensive information technology capable to store, manage, analyze and display spatial data, and its powerful spatial query and spatial analysis function have been widely used in management of land resources. The regional GIS for mineral resources management has a 3-layered architecture, which are provincial, municipal, and county lever respectively. The informationization method of the mineral resources management was studied theoretically and practically. Spatial databases combined with graphic databases and attribute databases were established with ArcSDE, which is a database engine developed by the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI). The interior table of the graphic database and the outside table of the attribute database are linked by the key fields. The graphic data together with the attribute data, can be stored, processed and analyzed in accordance. ArcGIS developed by ESRI was chosen as GIS development platform,and Oracle was chosen as database platform. The developing languages were Microsoft Visual Basic, VB.NET and Javascript. The developed system can support the functions of mineral resources management, data maintenance, data update, data share and data publishing. The development of the above mentioned system provided a successful scheme for the management of regional mine resources.


Hot alkaline method was used to extract glycogen from oyster. After purification, the glycogen free of protein was obtained. Gel filtration chromatography (GFC) on Sepharose CL-6B and Sepharose 2B showed that the molecular weight of oyster glycogen was in the range of 10 . The gas chromatography (GC) results showed oyster glycogen was a homogeneous 6 ~107 polysaccharide and glucose was its monosaccharide composition.


The article is dedicated to identifying the key features of the influence of the religious factor on world politics in the light of the traditional science of international relations ignoring religion and defending the position on the separation of "secular" and "spiritual" in the studies of international relations.


Background Ligands of peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), such as non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), induce expression of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4). Recently ANGPTL4 has been reported to be a mediator of intracellular adipose lipolysis induced by glucocorticoids. Objective To determine the concentrations of ANGPTL4 in cord serum of neonates born by spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) and by pre-labor cesarean section (CS) from healthy women, and to relate them to parameters of neonatal lipolytic activity at birth. Measurements In 54 neonates born by SVD and in 56 neonates born by CS, arterial cord blood was drawn to determine insulin, cortisol, triacylglycerols (TAGs), glycerol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), individual fatty acids, ANGPTL4, adiponectin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and leptin. Results Birth weight and neonatal fat mass in SVD and CS showed no difference, but the concentrations of glycerol, adiponectin, RBP4, NEFAs and most individual fatty acids were higher in cord serum of neonates born by SVD compared to CS, indicating a higher adipose tissue breakdown in the SVD group. The concentrations of TAG and cortisol were also higher and that of insulin was lower in cord serum of SVD compared to the CS group. However, the concentration in cord serum of ANGPTL4 did not differ between the two groups and no positive correlation with either NEFA or glycerol concentrations were detected. Conclusion ANGPTL4 is known to stimulate lipolysis in adults, but does not appear to mediate the increased activity in SVD, indicating the presence of different regulatory inputs.


The material that has been put together in these few simple tables is one method of measuring progress toward an objective. The objective is being stated as the reduction of chronic hospitalization, where chronic hospitalization is defined as 12 months' continuous hospitalization. It includes hospitalization in any state or licensed mental hospital. It supplements data that can be collected from within the Dutchess County Unit by checking whether reductions in chronic hospitalization there are more than made up for by increases in another hospital serving the area, such as Harlem Valley State Hospital. The New York State Department of Mental Hygiene receives reports of all admissions to state and licensed mental hospitals in New York State. The department also receives subsequent reports of any patient movement in or out of the hospital. This basic reporting system, which includes the assignment of an identification number that is used in reporting all admissions for the same patient, began in 1908. Since April 1, 1954, reports of all movements, not simply admissions and discharges, have been entered on punch cards. The department has made use of these data for evaluative purposes during the years the system has been operating. At the present time, we have just completed converting all of these punch-card records to magnetic tape, and now have the statistical reporting system functioning on an electronic computer. We are in the process of devising reports of institutional operation which will assist in the administrators' job of


1) The RMR (Relative Metabolic Rate=(Energy Requirement/Basal Metabolism) of swimming ahteletes ranged from 6.6 to 45.2. RMR value of crawl strokers was the highest showing 45.2 while levels of breast strokers was the lowest being 6.6. In case of heavy strokers averages of RMR levels ranged as follows: 33.5 for crawl strokers, 26.5 for back strokers and 19.3 for side strokers.2) In this extent the relation between velocity of swimming and RMR could not be expressed as an index function as it rather showed a linear equation.3) The RMR of hockey, soccer, rugby, table tennis, basket ball and volley ball players during training ranged in the following order: Rugby 29.4, basket ball 26.2, hockey 17.2, volley ball 13.7, soccer 12.0 and table tennis 7.1.4) The average RMR values of atheletes performing tryouts were measured. The order and RMR values were table tennis 12.6, soccer (formation) 11.3, and hockey players 9.1.


ARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IS ONE OF THE c most controversial aspects of the biochemistry of cancer. According to Griffin,g conclusive evidence that the metabolism of malignant cells may differ qualitatively from that of normal ones has not been found. The same enzymes and metabolic pathways are present in normal as in cancerous cells. All enzymes and different intermediaries involved in glycolysis are apparently present in the malignant cells. On the other hand, in many tumors the respiratory behavior in vitro, as measured by oxygen consumption, differs from that of normal tissues. A. Graffi and H. Bielka7 demonstrated that the respiration of normal tissue homogenates was strongly elevated when compared with tissue slide preparations but this did not occur with homogenates of malignant tumors. Other authors* also concluded that, while the normal cell ordinarily utilizes only a portion of its respirato,ry capacity and possesses an appreciable functional reserve, the malignant cell lacks this reserve; the latter can reach the respiratory level of the normal cell only by utilizing its enzymatic capacity at a maximum. When a glucose-containing substrate is added to the medium, the normal cells respond by a proportional intensification of glycolysis and respiration while malignant cells respond with an intensification of glycolysis but an inhibition of respiration, a phenomenon known as the Crabtree effect. In recent times extensive studies of the factors which influence the development of the Crabtree effect have been rep0rted.l. 3, 4 , lo, 11913 I t has been concluded generally that the Crabtree effect, with few exceptions, is characteristic of malignant cells and is induced as


Hotel is a special serving place. The manner and deportment of attending staff embodies the service quality and managing level of a hotel. And it unfolds excellent personal quality and accomplishment of attending staff before people's eyes. Therefore, the attending staff should not only attach importance to the display of their beauty in the manner of personal images, but also should learn and have a grasp of the content about how they should behave themselves nicely, and put it into practical use.


The increasing failure of chemotherapeutics and emergence of resistant pathogens to many of the commonly used antibiotics has provided an impetus to search for new antimicrobial agents to combat infections and overcome the problems of resistance. Plant-based antimicrobials and antibacterials represent a vast untapped source for medicines and hence have enormous therapeutic potential. The aim of this study was to examine the antibacterial effects of variety of Cinnamon essential oils on major pathogenic organisms. The hydro distilled oils extracted from the leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, C. tamala and C. camphora were tested for their antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas spp.. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens. The antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory disc concentration (MIDC) were evaluated by the Kirby Bauer paper method. The antibiotic sensitivity of these isolates was also examined. All the oils exhibited complete inhibition of bacterial growth against test organisms. MIDC of oils against various pathogens ranged from 1.25-2.5 μl/disc. C. zeylanicum oil showed the strongest activity followed by C. camphora and C. tamala oils. The results reported in this paper indicate that cinnamon oil can be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent for the treatment of several infections including some respiratory tract infections in man.


For feedback control using low-dimensional proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) models, the mode amplitudes of the POD mode coefficients need to be estimated based on sensor readings. This paper is aimed at suppressing the von Kairman vortex street in the wake of a circular cylinder using a low-dimensional approach based on POD. We compare sensor placement methods based on the spatial distribution of the POD modes to arbitrary ad hoc methods. Flow field data were obtained from Navier-Stokes simulation as well as particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. A low-dimensional POD was applied to the snapshot ensembles from the experiment and simulation. Linear stochastic estimation was used to map the sensor readings of the velocity field on the POD mode coefficients. We studied 53 sensor placement configurations, 32 of which were based on POD eigenfunctions and the others using ad hoc methods. The effectiveness of the sensor configurations was investigated at Re = 100 for the computational fluid dynamic data, and for a Reynolds number range of 82-99 for the water tunnel PIV data. Results show that a five-sensor configuration can keep the root mean square estimation error, for the amplitudes of the first two modes to within 4% for simulation data and within 10% for the PIV data. This level of error is acceptable for a moderately robust controller The POD-based design was found to be simpler. more effective, and robust compared to the ad hoc methods examined.


A review of the Michael-type addition as one of the convenientsynthetic methods to N-functionalisation of the uracil ring - againstthe background of other typical alkylation methods - is presented.The topic of N1- versus N3-regioselectivity in alkylation reactionsis emphasised since this differentiation is essential in the various,especially medicinal, applications of substituted uracils. Specifically,the addition of uracils to acrylic acceptors at the N1-positionis frequently used in the first stage of the synthesis of pyrimidinicacyclic nucleosides. In turn, the N3-position of the uracil ringis useful in further transformations, like anchoring of biologicallyactive fragments in conjugates for radiochemotherapy or carriageof covalently bonded drug molecules. Nevertheless, N3-substitutedderivatives of pyrimidine nucleosides can, themselves, play varioustherapeutic roles. Fundamental theoretical premises are also detailed,with regard to the rationale behind the orientation of alkylation. 1 Uracils in Medicine 2 Reactivity of the Uracil Ring 2.1 Electronic Structure and Tautomerism 2.2 Uracil Derivatives as N-H Acids 3 Alkylation of Uracils 3.1 Alkylation of Uracils in the Formation of N-Glycosidic Bonds 3.2 Synthesis of Acyclic Nucleosides 3.3 Alkylation of Uracils with Selected Electrophiles 3.4 N1- and N3-Alkylation of Uracils via Michael-type Addition- 3.5 Synthesis of Michael-type Uracil N3 Adduct Analogues 4 Conclusions and Perspectives


Abstract Britain's international involvement has not been diminished by the loss of Empire; but it has altered drastically, in response both to reduced circumstances and to fundamental changes in world conditions. The transition has been made less difficult by the moderation and good sense of Commonwealth partners. It cannot be said to be complete until Britain has found a more satisfactory basis for a productive role within the enlarged EU, an indispensable element in the management of global interdependence. Among the arguments advanced in this article is that Britain's international involvement is not a matter of external policies and priorities alone. It is a function of the soundness of its economy and the strength of its national cohesion.


Data of geologic conditions and material composition of ores epithermal silver ore mineralization in co-border area of Mountain Altai and northern-west Mongolia lead. The silver ore mineralization formed in Devonian and Mezozoic age. More concentration ore mineralization of silver localized in limit of Ozerno-Askhatinskaja ore zone. Generation of ore mineralization derived in result of mantle-crust interaction in process function Siberian superplum.


Abstract The emission time extracted from two particle relative momentum correlation functions has been studied as a function of the spatial extent of the source for 40 Ar+ 197 Au reaction at 25MeV/u.Reduction of ~50% in the mass number of the source has a very small effect on the calculated correlation functions and the extracted emission time.For the cases of short emission time τ(τ ≤100fm/ c ), use of a smaller nuclear density would lead to somewhat smaller assignment for τ ;therefore,these τ values extracted in the normal nuclear density can be taken as upper limits of τ values.For the cases of long emission time ( τ ≥300fm/ c ),the emission times do not vary with the size of the source and these τ values can be taken as the real values.


Video summarization system can yield good results if the high level features also called the semantic concepts in video frame are modeled accurately by considering the temporal aspects of the frames. The existing system is context aware surveillance video summarization which is a Domain dependent System. It works only on low level features and correlation between them is extracted and updated using dictionary algorithm in an online fashion. Thus dictionary size increases. In contrast to the existing method, the proposed system is a domain adaptive video summarization framework based on high level features in such a way that the summarized video can capture the key contents by assuring minimum number of frames. One of the high level features extracted is Local binary pattern (LBP). Key frames can be extracted after finding the Euclidean distance between the LBP descriptor in different methods. The key frames are classified using k-means clustering algorithm and also by means of thresholding i.e. by mean or standard deviation calculation. The result is compared with several datasets thus showing the effectiveness of the proposed system. The entire work can be simulated using Matlab.


The nonlinear response of a chaotic system to a chaotic variation in a system parameter is investigated experimentally. Clear experimental evidence of frequency entrainment of the chaotic oscillations is observed. We show that analogous to the frequency locking between coupled periodic oscillations, this effect is generic for coupled chaotic systems.


Abstract It is difficult to overstate the importance of the human factor in any institution. The motivation of this study is to discern patterns, by examining and analyzing the biographical information of those who had been promoted to People's Liberation Army (PLA) full generals (shangjiang), for a better insight into how Chinese military leadership has remade the PLA. A close examination of biographical information of PLA generals promoted during the past three decades indicates a number of intriguing patterns and trends, suggesting that Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao during their tenures as chairmen of the Central Military Commission (the highest command authority in China's armed forces) have furthered the modernization of China's military by incorporating elements of diversity, stability and professionalization into the promotion practice of PLA generals.


Aims: Oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) is present in breast tumours, although its prognostic and pathophysiological roles remain to be established. Methods: Standard immunohistochemistry with a specific monoclonal antibody was performed on paraffin wax embedded sections; 10% of strongly immunostained carcinoma cells was used as the cutoff point to classify tumours as ERβ positive. Statistical correlations were sought with clinicopathological variables (including hormone receptor status) and disease free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in a well documented series of 181 invasive breast carcinomas. Cell proliferation was assessed immunohistochemically by topoisomerase IIa (TopoIIa) index; p53 protein accumulation and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression were also taken into account. Results: ERβ immunoreactivity was detected in most specimens (71.2%); it was positively linked to ERα immunoreactivity and increased TopoIIα index, and inversely to c-erbB-2 overexpression. There were no correlations with p53 immunostaining or other clinicopathological parameters. A significant favourable impact of ERβ immunopositivity emerged with regard to DFS and OS in both univariate and multivariate analysis; ERβ immunopositivity retained its favourable significance with regard to DFS in the subgroups of stage I and II patients when they were examined separately. Progesterone receptor expression also had an independent favourable influence on survival, albeit with less significance. In contrast, survival was not significantly influenced by ERα status. Conclusions: Because of the positive association between ERβ immunoreactivity and TopoIIα expression, the presence of ERβ in breast cancer cells could be considered an indication of increased proliferation. Nevertheless, ERβ immunoreactivity emerges as a valuable, independent indicator of favourable prognosis.


Abstract This paper presents an acoustic description of the nine Azerbaijani vowels; investigating the underlying acoustic and temporal characteristics of its vowel system. We explored acoustic and temporal parameters including: the first three formants (F1, F2 and F3), fundamental frequency (F0) and duration of the vowels. Participants in this study were 20 male and 23 female Azerbaijani speakers with a Tabrizi dialect. They were asked to utter three repetitions of the nine Azerbaijani vowels in three natural word contexts, embedded in carrier sentences. Results showed that the [ɯ] and [œ] vowels had a large overlap in the F1–F2 vowel space. Further analysis suggested that F3 is an important cue in discrimination of this vowel pair. Vowel-intrinsic duration effect seemed to be relatively strong in Azerbaijani. Other universal features also were found in the production of Azerbaijani vowels: low vowels and female speakers had lower F0 values. Surprisingly, in contrast with previous results for most languages, the average duration of Azerbaijani vowels was greater in males than females. The results of this study define the acoustic vowel-space of the Azerbaijani language and develop a database for further comparisons and investigations.


Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is a concept of teaching mathematics by relating the topic to students' life. This study uses the RME approach and the problem-based learning method to create a Mathematical Modeling course that aims to encourage students to see the importance of mathematics they have learned in core courses. Participants of this research are 32 students from a science high school in Rayong who register for this subject as their elective course. Data were collected by observation during the class, their final project, which are the course outcomes, interview, and post-survey. By using RME approach, students paid more attention in class compared to the other mathematics subjects. They performed very well in working as a group on an after-the-topic task. In the final project, students were able to use mathematical tools and techniques taught in class to solve real-world problems. After the course, most students reflected that they gained their appreciation in mathematics because they have seen the importance and roles of mathematics in real life.


According to the sequence of IL-15 gene available on GenBankTM,a pair of primers was designed to amplify the full-length IL-15 gene by RT-PCR from peripheral blood lymphocyte stimulated by LPS and ConA.The full-length IL-15 gene was cloned into the pMD18-T vector.Identification by digestion with restriction endonuclease,PCR amplification and sequencing indicated the IL-15 gene was cloned successfully.The gene of mature IL-15 was amplified by PCR using the full-length gene as template and then inserted into the prokaryotic expressing vector pET-32a to construct pET-IL-15/BL21(DE3).After the bacteria were induced by IPTG,the target gene was expressed in the form of inclusion body with the fusion protein relative molecular mass 33 000.Expressed protein was purified by affinity chromatography.The result of Western-blot demonstrated that the recombinant fusion protein 6×His-IL-15 can be recognized by anti-6×His monoclonal antibody and anti-porcine IL-15 polyclonal antibodis.


Contextual interference effects (Battig, 1979) on memory and transfer were investigated using coincidence anticipation tasks in which subjects had to predict the arrival time of a light stimulus. A cognitive-motor interpolated activity was performed by one group of subjects and this condition was compared to blocked and random practice conditions. This study investigated the hypothesis of Lee & Magill (1985) that forgetting the cognitive processing steps in performance of a task would benefit retention. Results are discussed and recommendations for future work suggested.


Decision making (DM) is essential for everyday functioning. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods such as transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation have been used extensively to understand the behavioral and neural correlates of choice arbitration. However, the considerable inconsistency across findings renders it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the magnitude and robustness of their effects. This variability is likely due to differences in stimulation protocols across studies, but also to statistical fluctuations arising from insufficient power. In this chapter, we make a distinction between perceptual and value-based DM, and evaluate NIBS studies through the lens of computational modeling. We argue for the importance of recovering latent DM parameters via formal mathematical models, and describe how this approach can elucidate NIBS mechanisms on phenomena such as speed-accuracy trade-off and reinforcement learning. Finally, we provide recommendations for future studies to improve the reliability and replicability of NIBS findings.


In a multipath signal environment, antenna diversity is an effective means to tackle the short-term fading problem and improve the signal receiving quality. In the spatial diversity scheme, keeping a small correlation of the signals received by different antennas is an important consideration for achieving a high diversity gain. It has been shown that by using the mutual coupling effect between two monopole antennas, a low signal correlation can be obtained even at a very small separation between the two monopole antennas. In wireless communications, helical antennas are frequent substitutes for monopole or dipole antennas due to their smaller size. In this paper, we present a study of the signal correlation of two closely spaced normal-mode helical antennas in a multipath environment.


This research study proposes a method to evaluate the quality of service of a user service unit in a water service company in Colombia. Based on the theoretical foundation associated with the quality of service and the Six Sigma concept, service quality dimensions were identified to consolidate their valuation and to analyze the results in terms of defects per parts per million (DPMO), sigma level, and performance. It was found that the performance of the service quality dimensions was satisfactory due to the results obtained in all calculated metrics. The results showed that the user's attention center had an excellent performance during this research study. In conclusion, the present study provides a service quality evaluation method to the service sector in a public service company by using Six Sigma.


Objective To study the relationships between serum HBV DNA level and hepatic pathological and immunohistochemical changes in chronic hepatitis B. Methods 76 patients were tested for serum HBV DNA level, HBsAg and HBeAg. Histology of the liver was examind. The HBsAg and HBcAg expression in the liver was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results HBsAg expression in liver tissues were all positive. The HBV DNA level of CHB with low level was different with other levels(P0.05). The HBV DNA level in serum was not correlated with pathological changes in the liver. The HBcAg expression in the liver showed increasing trend with serum HBV DNA level. Conclusion Serum HBV DNA level can reflect the infectivity of serum. The test of HBsAg expression in the liver tissues is more valuable for the CHB patients with lower HBV DNA level.


Elegant works such as the paper of Pastor-Vargas and colleagues have shown that some of the most allergenic proteinsincluding also the Pru p3-come into contact with the immune system of the infant well before six months [3]. As well as other proteins that are introduced prematurely, these are at the same time very dangerous. For example, concerning the PR10, we have introduced carrots in the vegetable broth used during the first months of weaning. The carrot PR-10 are less labile to digestion and heat, and this kind of protein would seem to be, together with those contained in soy and celery, the most indicted for systemic reactions. Why do we not reflect more deeply on the most common scenarios in order to raise awareness in different population. We should think about the most common allergens for every population and speculate how to introduce them in the infants weaning. How come that alongside the traditional food there are not integrated amounts of protein subsidiaries, belonging to genres of families as the PR-10 or the calcium binding protein that could improve the outcome of tolerance for different allergens [4]? Why the scientific community does not invest more in such a delicate and complex area of interest? Shall we investigate what are the proteins and not the food to be introduced before the child consumption? Which kind of protein is better to introduce in maternal consumption during pregnancy and breastfeeding period? As an allergist and as a father I hereby submit these questions to the attention of the scientific community.


Objective To compare and ecaluate the CT examination clinical value of diagnosing the nasal bone fractures value.Methods 12 ases of nasal trauma patients were made by axial CT scan and coronal CT scan.To compare the corre soonding analysis of the performance and diagnosis.Results 12 cases of the patients,CT axial scans clearly revealed 11 cases of nasal bone fracture,the fracture line does not show a clear and unclear in 1 case.Coronal CT scan showed positive results of all,but 1 cases of nasal bone fracture on display than axial CT scan.One side of the nasal bone fracture in 7 cases,5 cases of bilateral nasal bone fracture and nose injuries and the area around the complex situation clearly showed.Conclusion CT examination is election method for a clear display of nasal fracture,CT scan of two complement each other,the diagnosis of nasal bone fracture have a greater clinical value.


In this work, we give a partial positive answer to the question concerning
 the set-valued quasicontraction proposed by Amini-Harandi (Appl. Math. Lett.
 24:1791-1794 2011). By a useful lemma, we prove a fixed point theorem for
 the set-valued quasi-contraction, which extends the range of contraction
 constant in result of Amini-Harandi from [0, 1/2) to [0, 1/3? 3). Also,
 we give a new simple proof for the result of quasi-contraction type proposed
 by Haghi et al. (Appl. Math. Lett. 25:843-846 2012). Finally, a
 counterexample and a theorem concerning cyclic set-valued mapping are given,
 which improve some recent results.


Liberal political theorists often argue that justice requires limits on policy outcomes, limits delineated by substantive rights. Distinct from this project is a body of literature dedicated to elaborating on the meaning of democracy in procedural terms. In this article, I offer an alternative to the traditional divide between procedural theories of democracy and substantive theories of justice; I call this the 'value theory of democracy'. I argue that the democratic ideal is fundamentally about a core set of values (political autonomy, equality of interests, and reciprocity) with both procedural and substantive implications. Further, I contend that limits on policy outcomes can be newly understood as part of the democratic ideal.


Numerical modeling is an important tool applied to study local flow field with a spur dike.The flow field around the spur dike is simulated with a 3-D numerical model in this study.The standard k-e model is used.The wall function and large coefficient method are applied to treat the boundary of the spur dike.The flow field around the spur dike in laboratory is simulated.The simulated results demonstrate that the boundary of the spur dike can be treated efficiently,and the model can successfully simulate the separate structure of flow at the top of the spur dike,the circumfluence behind the spur dike and the secondary flow in the cross section in the circumfluence area.The computed results agree well with the experimental data.


Several groups in IBM's Research Division have participated in TREC, with differing goals. This chapter summarizes some of their activities and the conclusions they reached. It should be emphasized that there was no central plan in these activities – individual groups decided to participate in the way that made sense to them at the time. In effect, participation in TREC was a tool they used to further their diverse research agendas. In some cases, groups participated once or twice in order to explore some issue; in other cases, regular participation in certain TREC tracks has been a central component of a group's research agenda. In this chapter we will first describe IBM Research's participation in the TREC tracks most relevant to the classic document retrieval task, and in the tracks related to user interfaces for search and crosslanguage document retrieval. Then we will outline the extensive series of submissions made to the Question Answering track, and finally discuss IBM Research's activities in multimedia retrieval at TREC.


Rural tax reform is a important decision-making to solve the problem of the three agricultural problems.It was important and significant to standardize the system of income distribution in rural areas,to construct well-off family in rural areas and to alleviate farmer's burden.At the same time,rural tax reform was a challenge to the weak finance of grass-roots government,especially to the debt problems of grass-roots government.The analysis result between rural tax reform and township debt showed that there were differences among the influencing mechanism,approach and degree of the effects of rural tax reform on agriculture and non-agriculture based township.


Although currently, large-scale and multilateral horizontal wells are an important way to improve the oil recovery in the unconventional reservoirs, the flow behavior of fluid from the reservoir into the horizontal wellbore becomes more challenged compared to the single small-scale horizontal well. One of the main challenges is that pressure loss from the well completion section and wellbore cannot be ignored in the coupling process between the reservoir and the horizontal well. In this paper, a new method is presented to solve the coupling flow between the reservoir and the horizontal well with different well completions. The new coupling model is compared with Ouyang's model (1998) and Penmatcha's model (1997), and the predicted data are consistent with each other at both early and late times. Meanwhile, four different cases have been proposed to verify the application of the new coupling model with different well completions, and the results indicate that the uneven inflow profile can be effectively alleviated via reasonable completion parameters and different well completions. Based on two types of flow-node units, it can quickly model and solve the coupling problem between the reservoir and the horizontal well with complex completion cases. It can also depict the inflow profile of the horizontal well with different well completions, which is conducive to understand the coupling process. The new coupling model can provide theoretical support for further optimization of completion parameters and well completions and finally improve oil recovery.


K2p3.1, also known as TASK‐1, is a twin‐pore acid‐sensitive repolarizing K+ channel, responsible for a background potassium current that significantly contributes to setting the resting membrane potential of cardiac myocytes. Inhibition of IK2p3.1 alters cardiac repolarization and is proarrhythmogenic. In this study, we have examined the expression of K2p3.1 and function of this channel in tissue and myocytes from across the left ventricular free wall.


The advent of the Spitzer Space Telescope has revolutionized our understanding of the history of star formation and galaxy mass assembly in the Universe. The tremendous leap in sensitivity from previous mid-to-far IR missions has allowed Spitzer to perform deeper, and wider, surveys than previously possible at these wavelengths. In this review I highlight some of the key results to come out of these surveys, and the implications these have for current models of galaxy formation and evolution.


The critical components in electric machines must be protected against overheating. Overheating shortens the life span of the machine and causes machine failure in extreme cases. This paper presents an online temperature estimator for an automotive switched reluctance machine based on a space-resolved lumped parameter thermal network. The losses are calculated online using a pre-measured loss map and a set of loss-splitting functions. The effects of the non-ideal thermal sensors are taken into account. The parameters of the temperature estimator are determined by means of a global parameter identification procedure. The results given by this model show a temperature estimation error less than 7 °C over the full speed and torque range. The ability to accurately predict hot-spot temperature provides evidence for the use of advanced thermal protection and allows for an optimized utilization of switched reluctance machines.


Objective:To investigate the value of electroencephalography in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD).Methods:Nine patients with CJD were checked by electroencephalography in different times.Results:The electroencephalography show characteristic changes. The periodic waves were discharged in electroencephalography with diffuse slow activities or flat waves. Conclusion:Electroencephalography plays an important role in diagnosis the disease of CJD.If you suspected somebody was suffered with the disease of CJD ,you should let him to test Electroencephalography and avoid misdiagnosis.


Abstract : The challenge of using high-power transmitters, or "jammers," is complicated by the desire for these transmitters to be compatible with friendly-force systems that operate in the same region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic compatibility is particularly difficult to achieve when practical constraints, such as size, weight, and power, dictate that these transmitters operate efficiently -- a mode of operation in which their amplifiers are more prone to generate spurious signals that interfere with friendly-force systems. To address the issue of electromagnetic compatibility in transmitters, MITRE Corporation is developing an extensible transmitter architecture that will broadcast less friendly-force interference. MITRE enlisted NRL to develop filters able to suppress interference transmission without compromising the transmitter's task. Within a four-month time frame, NRL's Microwave Technology Branch developed a novel high-power contiguous-channel frequency multiplexer for suppression of amplifier second harmonics and a novel microsecond-tunable notch filter for excision of selectable narrow frequency bands from an amplifier's input. Figure 1 illustrates the integral role of these filters in the transmitter's output module.


The document contains a comparative analysis of the key technologies to ensure collaboration of telecommunication networks that were built with using different versions of IP protocol: dual stack; tunneling and encapsulation; translation of the protocols. Two groups of factors are proposed: factors that will influence the choice of the technical migration way to the IPv6 stack and the factors that generally determine the feasibility of migration, regardless of the technical options. The method of choice of translation technology from IPv4 to IPv6 telecommunications networks that is based on the use of the modified analytic hierarchy process was proposed. Expert assessment of IPv6 implementation in Ukraine with a wide range of experts from the telecommunication companies of various sizes was presented. These calculations allowed to determine the factors that from the perspective of telecommunications operators in the greatest impact on the migration to IPv6 in Ukraine at the time of publication.


What is discussed in this  paper is about photography and photos from the point of view of philosophy and Art. This research uses the method of study of literature (library study ) from a variety of sources such as journals, books, scientific articles and so on. Since the invention of photography, debate on the ontological status of the photo as an image of reality has become the center of attention of the experts of philosophy and theory of visual. On this occasion, the understanding of images and photography is discussed based on the views of Husserl with the concept of noema and noesis, Heidegger, Sartre, Flusser and many others.  On the other part, it is also explained about the influence of quantum theory on the development of photography which is related to the discourse of art and development of current digital technology, which leads to occurrence of psychosocial changes of  the society in the form of "post human 1 ," "post industrial 2 ," "post  historical 3 ,"  and "decontextualising 4 ." Keywords: Photography, Philosophy, Art, Photos, Digital.


The observation of neutrons produced by irradiation of polycrystalline LiD targets with a high-power laser is reported. Single pulses from a mode-locked ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{+3}$-doped glass laser were amplified up to energies of 25 J. Pulse widths were 2-3 psec as measured by the two-photon fluorescence technique. The analyses of these experiments yield a somewhat higher rate of neutron production than the similar experiments recently reported by Basov et al..


Daniel Brumberg challenges what he terms "the fire-breathing fundamentalist vision of Khomeini" and takes up the view that Khomeini's vision was eclectic. He argues that the period since Khomeini's death has seen the emergence of contending ideals on both clerical rule and popular sovereignty that had their basis in his ideology. Thus, Khatami's struggle for pluralism, reform, and constitutional rights has its origin in Khomeini's ideological vision. The contradictory elements in Khomeini's worldview have made it next to impossible for any one faction of his followers to claim that their understanding of Islamic government is any more authentic than another. Brumberg traces the emergence and evolution of what he calls "a system of contending authorities," which demonstrates how Khomeini's efforts to include in the new state various conflicting views of authority prepared the way for the ideological conflict over his legacy.


Summary form only given. The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) compression technique is based on sorting substrings of the input, and has a performance rivalling the best previously known techniques. We show that the ordering used in the sorting stage of the BWT, an aspect hitherto ignored, can have a significant impact on the size of the compressed data. We modify the sorting order in two separate ways. First, we try reordering the symbol alphabet, and doing a standard sort based on the permuted character set. This is particularly interesting because the BWT's sensitivity to alphabet ordering is fairly unique among general-purpose compression schemes. Previous techniques, including statistical techniques (such as the PPM algorithms) and dictionary techniques (represented by LZ77, LZ78, and their descendants), are largely based on pattern matching which is entirely independent of the encoding used for the source alphabet. On files in which the alphabet is arbitrarily ordered, such as ASCII text and certain domain-specific encoding; such as the geo file from the Calgary Compression Corpus, this technique improved the compression ratio of the BWT-based compression algorithm. On the other hand, data which already had a significant alphabet ordering, such as image data, showed little improvement with this technique. The second modified sorting technique was to modify the sorting algorithm itself to order strings in a manner analogous to reflected Gray codes. In particular, we alternated increasing and decreasing order on the second character position, changing whenever the character in the first position changed.


Relative entropy thresholding techniques have been used for segmentation of objects from background in gray-level images. These techniques are related to entropy-based segmentations computed for the statistics of a spatial co-occurrence matrix. For detection of spectrally active targets such as chemical vapor clouds in multispectral or hyperspectral imagery, a spectral co-occurrence matrix is employed. Using the entropy of various regions of the matrix, thresholds can be derived that will segment an image family based on the spectral characteristics of the intended target. Experiments are presented that show the detection of a chemical vapor cloud in multispectral thermal imagery. Several manners of dividing the co-occurrence matrix into regions are explored. Thresholds are determined on both a local and global basis and compared. Locally generated thresholds are treated as a distribution and separated into classes. The point of class separation is used as a global threshold with improved results.


With the help of optical and mechanical measurement methods workpieces can be checked for their quality. In the simplest case, a master part is first measured. The statement about the quality of the part to be measured, by comparing (difference) made with the master part. DOLLAR A The measure of a master part and subtraction of original part but is only possible if a correspondingly precise adjustment can be realized for all parts. DOLLAR A If the errors compared to the size of the measuring part but very small, increasing the demands on the alignment. Often an adjustment with the necessary accuracy is no longer possible. the parts usually are not only moved but bent in and twists. In this case it is no longer possible to automatically detect errors by subtraction of a master part with the measuring part. DOLLAR A This problem is solved by the invention as follows: A DOLLAR The object to be measured is measured. The measured values are in a modified associative memory (artificial neural network) entered and retrieved at the output (Recall). In the weights of the modified associative memory, one or more master parts in different positions and locations are stored. Thus, the entire range of possible variations of the master parts is detected. DOLLAR A at the output of the modified associative memory left only those portions of the measuring data, the saved to ...


Inverse reliability methods allow the direct determination of design parameters when target reliability levels are specified for each of the limit states considered in the design. The application of these methods is then at the core of performancebased design. This paper illustrates the application to two design problems: 1) the calculation of a floor span so that a target reliability is achieved in a vibration performance criterion; and 2) the mean transverse load is found for either a roof or a wall structural insulated panel, also in correspondence to a specified target reliability. The advantages and implications of these methods are discussed. INTRODUCTION The calculation of the reliability of a structural system for a certain limit state requires first the definition of that state in terms of a capacity C and a demand D. These quantities are, in general, functions of several random variables {XD }and {XC} associated, respectively, with D and C. In addition, C and D may be functions of "design parameters" {dC} or {dD} , which may be deterministic values controlling the design (for example, the depth of a beam, the number of connectors per unit length, etc.). The design parameters can also be the distribution parameters (mean, standard deviation) of some of the random variables {X}. The limit state is then described in terms of a performance function G, ) , ( ) , ( D D C C d X D d X C G − = [1] so that the probability of failure in the limit state corresponds to the probability of the event G<0. Correspondingly, the reliability of the design will be the probability of the event G>0. This probability may be obtained by simulation or by the application of approximate methods like FORM or SORM, and sophisticated software has been developed for this purpose. Among similar others, the computer program RELAN developed at the Civil Engineering department of the University of British Columbia implements the reliability calculation by FORM, SORM, standard or reduced variance simulation techniques (Foschi et al., 1999a). RELAN is a forward reliability evaluation tool. Given a target probability of failure or, correspondingly, a target reliability index β, a program such as RELAN could be used to assess the reliability of the design for a given set of design parameters. The process can then be repeated, varying the design parameters until the reliability achieved matches with the required target. This trial and error procedure is feasible, but rather inconvenient for the purposes of design. In an inverse problem, the target reliability is prescribed and the corresponding values of the design parameters are directly obtained, without the iterations implied by the forward procedure. The inverse problem is much less robust than the forward one, particularly for the case of several design parameters and several reliability constraints or performance criteria, since no solution may exist satisfying exactly the prescribed reliabilities for each limit state. Algorithms for the inverse problem have been recently proposed: for a detailed description of one such algorithm see Li and Foschi, (1998). This has been implemented in the software IRELAN (Foschi and Li, 1999b). Like RELAN, IRELAN requires the description of the performance functions G for each of the limit states of interest. In addition, IRELAN requires the specification of the desired target reliability levels for each of the limit states. If the number of design parameters exceeds the number of functions G, the problem is not well posed and has an infinity of solutions, unless it is complemented with an optimization, for example, for minimum cost. If the number of design parameters is less than or equal to the number of performance 1 Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6T 1Z4 2 Research Engineer, Powertech Labs. Inc., Surrey, B.C. functions (or reliability constraints) G, then the problem may have an unique solution for the design parameters or these may be adjusted to achieve the minimum deviation from the desired target reliabilities. The application of inverse reliability software allows for a straight-forward implementation of performance-based design. When complemented with the advantages of Windows-like software, programs like IRELAN can become standard engineering design tools, both for practicioners as well as for manufacturers of wood-based structural products. Engineers could directly design to the standard for performance or reliability prescribed by the performance-based Codes, and manufacturers could study and optimize their product to best meet the performance requirements of different applications and markets. The description of the limit states, through the performance functions G, could incorporate calls to other programs for the analysis and calculation of either the demand D or the capacity C. Thus, for the study of the reliability of wood floors, a finite strip floor analysis like FAP (Foschi, 1982) could be used for the structural model. Similarly, a finite element analysis of stressed-skin, structural insulated panels, could be used for the evaluation of roof or wall panelized construction. It is of course advantageous if the structural analyses are fast and efficient, since their linking to the reliability assessment software implies repeated calls to programs like FAP. As an alternative, an efficient approach can also be implemented: the structural analysis can be run first for a range of values of the design parameters and random variables, obtaining the corresponding response values of interest. With these, a response surface is constructed in terms of those variables and parameters and, finally, this response surface is called by the inverse reliability algorithm. While the development of the response surface may be relatively slow in some cases, its implementation in the inverse reliability procedure is very fast and permits very quick performance-based design. CASE STUDIES 1. Calculating a wood floor span for acceptable vibration performance Consider a wood floor with joists (beams) and nailed (or glued) subfloor plywood sheathing. The floor is simply supported on all four sides. For a given joist type (lumber or engineered I-Joists), for given sheathing and nailing characteristics, and for given joist spacing, the floor span L can be calculated to satisfy several design criteria. These usually include: 1) that the maximum bending stress in the joists does not exceed a tolerable level for the combination of a permanent and a uniformly distributed "design live load", 2) that the static deflection under the same combination of loads does not exceed a fraction of the span (L/K), and 3) that the floor does not have vibration characteristics which are deemed unacceptable by the occupants. The limiting condition for floor spans is normally the vibration requirement, and static deflection limits like L/360 have been shown not to lead to floors with adequate vibration performance (in fact, floor spans recommended by manufacturers of engineered I-joists usually utilize criteria with at least L/480). The problem of floor vibration in the context of performance reliability has been studied by Foschi et al. (1995). In Canada, the National Building Code has accepted a criterion based on the static deflection of the floor under a concentrated load of 1 kN at midfloor, limiting that deflection to an absolute limit in mm which is a function of the span L (Onysko, 1986). The floor to which the criterion is applied is the "average" floor which could be built with the population of joists used. Using this limiting deflection DLIM(L) as the capacity C, and the demand D being the deflection ∆ produced by the 1kN load, calculated with the floor program FAP, the performance function G is written as ) , ( ) ( X L L D G LIM ∆ − = [2] where L is the floor span (the design parameter, in this case) and {X} is the vector of the random variables involved (including the moduli of elasticity of each of the joists, and the shear stiffness of the connections between the joists and the sheathing). Table 1 shows the calculated span L for two types of floors and two target reliability levels, expressed in terms of reliability indeces β. In the first floor, the joists are 38mm x 240mm dimension lumber (Spruce-Pine-Fir, No.2 grade), spaced at 400mm, with 15.9mm plywood sheathing (face grain perpendicular to the joists), nailed and glued to the lumber joists. The second floor has 240mm-deep engineered I-Joists, with 38mm x 89mm flanges and 12.5mm Oriented Strand Board web, also spaced at 400mm. Sheathing and connectors characteristics are the same as for the first floor. The criterion in the Canadian building code has been calibrated to results from occupant's responses to a survey, in such a way that an acceptable rating corresponds to the average floor construction. In the context of the reliability calculation, the acceptable floor should then correspond to a reliability level β = 0.0. The criterion has been calibrated in such a way that "acceptance" means satisfactory performance for approximately slightly more than 50% of the population of occupants. Table 1 also shows the spans corresponding to a reliability level β = 1.645, for which, instead of just the average (or approximately 50% of the floors) being acceptable, 95% of the possible floors with the calculated span will pass the standard. The program FAP was linked with IRELAN to produce a direct, efficient calculation of the span L at the different desired reliabilities. The floors were analyzed with 12 joists, introducing then a total of 12 random variables associated with the corresponding moduli of elasticity. Since the program FAP is a complete and versatile structural analysis, its coupling with IRELAN also permits the calculation of the span L when the floor construction is altered, by changing the sheathing or the nailing characteristics, or modifyin


Introduction: Ardisia solanacea (Poir.) Roxb. commonly called shoebutton, being a useful medicinal plant constitutes various phytochemicals which are supposed to give anthelmintic, thrombolytic, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects , rheumatic arthritis, gout, dysmenorrhea, mental fatigue, diarrhea and vertigo along with some common carminative, antacid and stimulant properties. Plant has become an invasive in sal ( Shorea robusta Gaertn.) forest of Manduwala in Dehradun Forest Division. Keeping in view of medicinal properties associated with the plant, the present study was carried out with following objectives: Objective: To carry out systematic analysis of phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of various extracts of aerial parts of the plant. Method: Ardisia solanacea plant was collected from the forests near Suddhowala, Dehradun district of Uttarakhand. The plant was located and subsequently identified by Dr. Sas. Biswas, HoD, Department of Forestry, Dolphin Institute Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Dehradun. After drying aerial part was extracted with solvents with increasing polarity like petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol using Soxhlet apparatus, and phytochemical investigation of all the extracts were carried out . For antioxidant activity of these extracts, two different methods of were carried out.Total phenolic content responsible for antioxidant activity was determination by Folin-Ciocalteu method and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were performed by the standard methods. The standard was taken ascorbic acid for DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The antimicrobial activity of the different extracts of A. solanacea was determined by the standard disc diffusion method . The bacterial and fungi cultures were kept at their optimum temperature and the turbidity was adjusted to 0.5MCfarland 12 . Results: The four extracts viz. petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract, ethyl acetate extract and methanolic extract were subjected to phytochemical evaluation in which petroleum ether and chloroform gave negative tests for majorly all the phytochemicals whereas ethyl acetate extract gave moderately positive test and methanol extract gave highly positive test for presence of phenolics, carbohydrates and proteins. The four extracts were subjected to the total phenolic content determination by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. At 250ppm concentration value for the PEAS Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) (μg/mg) value is found to be 69.422(μg/mg). For Ethyl acetate extract GAE value is 62.654 (μg/mg) and for methanol extract GAE value is 57.048(μg/mg).The different extracts of the plant leaves were subjected to the DPPH free radical scavenging activity with the reference standard as ascorbic acid. The highest value is found to be in methanol extract at 53.02 (μg/ml) as compared to that of ascorbic acid. The extracts were also evaluated for antimicrobial potential and highest zone of inhibition was observed in methanol extract 19 mm against Escherichia coli and very less effective against fungal strain. Conclusion for integrated studies: From the study it could be concluded that methanol extract is rich in phenolics with good antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. The plant being an invasive growing gregariously and having good biomass has potential for commercial exploitation.


For some time, the blockade of costimulatory pathways that are essential for na€ıve T cell activation has been among the most promising alternative immunosuppressive strategies to overcome the limitations of calcineurin inhibition in organ transplantation. The most important and best characterized of these are the CD80/86–CD28/ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4) and CD40–CD40L(CD154) ligand–receptor pathways. More than 20 years ago, compelling reports (1) showed that selective blocking of these pathways was highly effective in promoting long-term allograft acceptance/tolerance in rodents. However, testing in nonhuman primates (NHPs) (2), in which costimulation blockade–resistant memory cells are more prevalent, indicated that it would more difficult to achieve transplant tolerance in these preclinical models and in humans.


This paper presents a new method for synthesizing defect-free four-bar motion generators with two specified poses. The feasible regions for the fixed pivot of the driven link for two-pose motion generation with two specified moving pivots are identified using a geometric method. Each point on the feasible regions gives a defect-free four-bar linkage that satisfies design requirements. The proposed method can also be applied for identifying the feasibility of the selected moving pivot of the driven link for three-pose problems. Three examples are given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.


This chapter explores empirically what kind of effects presidential term limits have on political phenomena that are often of interest in political science. It first presents some of the existing empirical findings and also discusses a few tentative hypotheses on possible effects of presidential term limits on a variety of political outcomes. This serves as a brief overview of the possible effects of presidential term limits. It then focuses in greater detail on three political phenomena covering a broad range of leader behavior, which presidential term limits may influence: change in the composition of government expenditure, state repression, and international crises. This serves as detailed examples of how we can think of the effects that presidential term limits exert on leaders. The chapter set outs hypotheses regarding relationships between presidential term limits and these three phenomena, and tests these hypotheses, drawing on previously published papers and their replication datasets.


We propose a simple, but efficient method for design problems. Instead of using directly, a heavy numerical code in an optimization process, we successively define some approximated subproblems because of an appropriate analytical model. These subproblems can then be solved exactly by a deterministic global optimization solver and the procedure is updated until the approximation matches a 3-D FEM computation. The method is applied to an axial magnetic coupling. Comparative results show the effectiveness of this approach, and real design cases are studied because of this method.


VIII 1. Chapter 1: Background Information 1 1.1 Foreign body response 1 1.2 Approaches to reduce the foreign body response 5 1.3 CD200 as an immunomodulatory molecule 7 1.4 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as a biomaterial 10 1.5 Immunomodulatory PLGA with different geometries 12 2. Chapter 2: CD200-coated PLGA materials for tissue engineering 13


effects were not caused by toxic monomers of styrene or additives leaching out of the polymer, which was demonstrated in a follow-up test with the PS leachates. By contrast, no significant effects were found in the daphnids exposed to PLA compared to the reference treatment. Thus, a significantly higher toxicity of the conventional polymer was observed, whereas effects of the biodegradable microplastics were similar to those caused by the ubiquitously occurring clay particles. More studies are needed to identify the mechanisms of PS toxicity and to confirm the observed ecotoxicological differences between the polymer types using different test materials and natural particulates.


Based on a survey of faith and ideals among party members in Longdong University, this paper has presented a few measures for faith education among party members.


The authors have modified a UV-lamp by substituting a DPST toggle switch for the usually present SPST power switch and by including a pilot light assembly, equipped with a suitable resistor for 105-125 V ac operation.


This paper presents design, realization, and characterization of a frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna comprising a printed metallo-dielectric surface of the mushroom-type. Utilizing TM leaky-waves to create the antenna's radiation enables the design of an interference-free monolithic feeding structure. Slight modifications of the standard mushroom surface facilitate the continuous frequency scan of the antenna beam from negative to positive angles.


A numerical study is presented, which tailors so-called prestress accumulation-release (PAR) strategy to mitigate free vibrations of frame structures. First, the concept of proposed semiactive technique is outlined and possible applications are specified. In the second part of the work a parametric study is discussed, which illustrates the potential of the method for mitigation of free vibrations induced by impact or other initial load scenarios. Special attention is given to the energy balance including all relevant contributions to the total energy of the considered dissipative system. The proposed technique shows a very high potential in mitigation of free vibrations, exceeding 99% of the reference amplitude after 5 cycles of vibration.


R E S E A R C H A R T I C L E Hernández-Carapia, et al. Emir. J. Food Agric ● Vol 33 ● Issue 1 ● 2021 57 fermentation (Chaudhary et al., 2014). For this reason, maize has been used since time immemorial as part of the carbohydrate material in beer brewing, but mainly as an adjunct prepared in different forms such as flakes, grits, and flour (Iwouno & Ojukwu, 2012), due to its little diastatic power (Meußdoerffer & Zarnkow, 2009). In México there are a broad diversity of maize, and at least 59 races have been described (Vielle-Calzada & Padilla, 2009), among them the 'Chalqueño' race, which has variations in grains colour such as white, yellow, blue, and red (Herrera-Cabrera et al., 2004), and predominates in the High Valleys of the Mexican Central Plateau for irrigation crops (Arellano-Vázquez et al., 2014). For many years, malting of maize for using as a major source of hydrolytic enzymes required for brewing purposes has received little attention, but during the last years many researchers have focused their efforts on optimizing the maize malting process (Chaudhary et al., 2014). Their results have shown the influence of malting conditions such as steeping time, germination time or kilning temperature on the diastatic power. However, these works have been focused on white and yellow varieties, mostly (Eneje et al., 2004; Iwouno & Ojukwu, 2012; Awoyinka & Adebawo, 2008). As for both blue and red maize malts, several research projects about brewing with these malts have been carried out in the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, in México (Romero-Medina et al., 2020; Flores-Calderón et al., 2017). Also, a patent about the coloured-maize brewing process has been developed (Verde-Calvo et al., 2019); however, the diastatic power of the malts has not been reported. In addition to this, the coloured-maize beers reported in these projects had low alcohol content, about 2 % and 3 % alcohol by volume, which could be related to the poor diastatic power of the malts. Considering all the above, and in order to include coloured maize as an enzyme source in the brewing process, a study of maize germination conditions was performed. The aims of this research were to study the influence of temperature and germination time on the diastatic power of maize malts, as well as to find the conditions under which the malts have the highest diastatic power. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample purchase and preparation The maize used in this experiment were both blue and red colour of the Mexican race 'Chalqueño', purchased from a local producer in Milpa Alta, Mexico City. The maize of each colour was separately selected to eliminate those kernels that looked like having either mechanical or microbiological damage. Proximate composition The methods used to perform the proximate composition of red and blue maize were those stipulated by the Mexican norms named in Table 1. Weight of 1000 kernels One thousand kernels of each colour of maize were randomly selected, taken in by hand, and weighted on an analytic balance (Explorer Ohaus, Switzerland) as reported by Deivasigamani and Swaminathan (2018). This process was made in triplicate for each colour of maize. Germination For the germination experiment, a completely randomized three-factor experimental design was used. The involved factors were colour of maize (red and blue), germination temperature, and germination time. The experiment was performed as follows: all maize of the same colour was steeped together and at once in fresh water (at a rate of 1:2, maize: water). The steeping lasted for 42 hours (Iwouno & Ojukwu, 2012), at room temperature (18-25 °C). During the steeping time, the water was drained every 12 hours and the maize had dry periods of 3 hours to allow oxygenation. After this, the soaked maize was distributed among experimental units (EU), which each one consisted of 150 g of soaked maize placed inside a clear hingedlid plastic container whose both bottom and roof were previously prepared with a layer of wet paper. Along the germination time, the maize was aspersed with fresh water every 12 hours to keep the moisture of the kernels; also, it was aerated every 8 hours to remove the heat formed by grains metabolism. The germination was carried out at three different temperatures: 15, 20, and 25 °C for 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 days. Every treatment was made in triplicate, thus having a total of 126 EU. All of EU corresponding to the same temperature were put inside an environmental chamber (Scorpion Scientific, Mod. 50620-IL), at 80 % of humidity and in light absence, where remained until their germination time was fulfilled. Once it occurred, the percentage of sprouted kernels and the length of acrospires Table 1: Methods used to perform the proximate composition of maize PARAMETER METHOD Moisture (%) NOM-116-SSA1-1994 Crude fibre (%) NMX-F-613-NORMEX-2017 Crude protein (%) NMX-F-608-NORMEX-2011 Crude fat (%) NOM-086-SSA1-1994 Ash (%) NMX-F-607-NORMEX-2013 Total carbohydrate (%) Calculated by difference (Ramdath et al., 2020) Reducing sugar (%) NOM-086-SSA1-1994 Hernández-Carapia, et al. 58 Emir. J. Food Agric ● Vol 33 ● Issue 1 ● 2021 were determined. After that, radicles and acrospires were removed from the kernels before being kilned, so as these did not interfere on the drying process, and then all kernels of the correspondent EU were put inside a drying oven at 55°C for 24 hours to stop their germination process (Iwouno & Ojukwu, 2012). Finally, the malt yield of each EU was calculated. Determination of the sprouted kernels percentage Once the germination time was fulfilled, the correspondents EU were removed from the germination chamber and the sprouted and non-sprouted grains in each EU was counted to calculate the germination percentage, as reported by Saba et al. (2014), by using the next formula: = 100 S GP x T Where: GP = percentage of sprouted grains S = number of sprouted grains T = total number of grains Determination of acrospire length The determination of acrospire length was performed as reported by Dahiya et al. (2018). In each EU, acrospire was measured by taking the average of sprout length of twelve grains which were randomly selected, from base to tip, using a cotton rope because of the irregular shape of the acrospire. Malting yield Once dried, the malted grains (all grains, the sprouted and non-sprouted) were weighted on an analytic balance. To calculate the malting yield, a five-point linear calibration curve was built in order to know how many grams of raw maize were equal to the 150 grams of soaked maize used to perform the germination experiment. This curve was made using 90, 100, 110, 120, and 130 g of raw maize, which were separately soaked, and in the same conditions as the maize used for the germination experiment. The malting yield calculation was performed by using the next formula as described by Odo et al. (2016):


Differential evolution DE is a simple and powerful population-based evolutionary algorithm. The success of DE in solving a specific problem crucially depends on appropriately choosing generation strategies and control parameter values. A novel mutation DE MDE is proposed to improve generation strategy DE/best/2. Adaptive mutation is conducted to current population when the population clusters around local optima. Control parameters are adapted based on constants. The performance of MDE is extensively evaluated on eighteen benchmark functions and compares favorably with the several DE variants.


This essay explores many different dimensions of the event of September 11, 2001. Events are not easy to define or delimit, in time, space, causality or consequence. In this essay, I reflect on, and revisit, the impact of 9/11 on me as an Indian-American immigrant, and a psychoanalyst living and practicing in New York City. I examine the ways in which the event has changed for me over time, and how it has changed me, and my relationship to the culture at large, over the last two decades.


The invention discloses a method for synthesizing sucrose-6-ester by microwave-assisted lipase-catalysis and belongs to the field of physical-field-assisted biocatalysis technology for organic synthesis. The method disclosed by the invention comprises the steps of dissolving sucrose in a mixed solvent of non-aqueous medium dimethylsulfoxide/tert-butanol (pentanol) and enabling sucrose to be reacted with fatty acid vinyl ester under the microwave-assisted lipase-catalytic action to generate sucrose-6-ester. The method is fast, efficient and simple in operation and in line with the requirements of green chemistry.


An evaluation of aged asphalt concrete was accomplished to develop a method for improved fatigue performance prediction of aged asphalt concrete surfaces. This is important for both planning Department of Defense airfield maintenance funds and for predicting the performance of operating surfaces in the theater of operation. This study involved the evaluation of asphalt concrete at several military airfields. After field inspections and field testing, slab samples were transported to the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center for laboratory testing. Laboratory testing included the determination of mixture and binder properties, indirect tensile strength tests on cores, and beam fatigue tests. The results from this study were used to develop improved fatigue performance predictions for field-aged asphalt concrete pavements.


In this paper we define a new Mellin discrete convolution, which is related to Perron's formula. Also we introduce new explicit formulae for arithmetic function which generalize the explicit formulae of Weil


Osgood Schlatter's disease, also known as osteochondrosis or traction apophysitis of the tibial tubercle, is a common cause of anterior knee pain in the skeletally immature athletic population. Common sports seen in association with the condition include: Basketball. Volleyball. Sprinters. Gymnastics. Football Clinical presentation classically associates atraumatic, insidious onset of anterior knee pain, with tenderness at the patellar tendon insertion site at the tibial tuberosity. The condition is self-limited and occurs secondary to repetitive extensor mechanism stress activities such as jumping and sprinting. Pain level dictates overall treatment, and management includes symptomatic treatment with ice and NSAIDs, as well as activity modification and relative rest from inciting activities in association with lower extremities stretching regimen to correct underlying predisposing biomechanical factors.[1][2][3][4]


Base on standardization and its theory, the author states some understandings to the substitution of the new standard for the old in mechanical drawing, which aims at offering help in understanding and implementing the new standard without deviation.


The central NiII ion of the title complex, [Ni(C2N3)2(C10H9N3)2], has an approximate octahedral geometry, coordinated by four N atoms from the pyridine rings of the two bidentate di-2-pyridylamine ligands, and by two terminal N atoms from the two dicyanamide ligands. The coordination octahedron around each nickel ion has C2 symmetry and the two dicyanamide ligands are in cis positions.


The paper provides an overview of the round table meeting "Organizational, Legal and Scientific Methodological Foundations of the Accelerated Development of Genetic Technologies for Medicine", held on February 5, 2021 by the Department of Medical Law, Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) The round table was attended by representatives of the country's leading universities, including Sechenov University, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Medical and Biological University of Innovation and Continuing Education named after A. I. Burnazyan, Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), St. Petersburg State University, Ural State Law University, A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, North Ossetian State Medical Academy, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, A. N. Bakulev Institute for Professional Training and a number of other leading educational and scientific organizations. The round table was held within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation "Legal regulation of the accelerated development of genetic technologies: Scientific and methodological support" (No. 730000F.99.1.BV16AA02001) and with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.


This paper examines the situation of inner-city neighbourhoods in Budapest with particular reference to the post-socialist transformation. After 1990 the political and economic transformation of the country generated far reaching changes in socio-economic patterns within Budapest. Due to privatisation of housing, the liberalisation of the property market, and the growing presence of global capital, the inner-city neighbourhoods have been rapidly changing their facades as well as their social milieux. Increasing concentration of corporate capital, a general decline of residential function, as well as the striking social polarisation of neighbourhoods have been the most important outcomes. This paper provides empirical evidence about socio-spatial differentiation and the changing patterns of residential segregation in the inner-city of Budapest. It is argued that social differentiation and polarisation of these neighbourhoods was not started by the transformation but existed before the collapse of communism. Extreme forms of segregation, including ghettoisation, are the outcome of neoliberal political and economic conditions and the weakness of the welfare state. The post-1990 trajectory of some of these neighbourhoods and the dual character of the inner-city strongly resembles patterns in US cities. Copyright (c) 2009 by the Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG.


Adolescence is a critical period for the onset of tobacco smoking, with more than 90% of smokers beginning at this age. Clinical studies have shown that children who tried a single cigarette by the age of 11 continue to be susceptible to smoking throughout the rest of their lives. In animal models, it has been shown that adolescents exhibit unique responses to nicotine exposure, as compared to adults. Furthermore, subchronic treatment with a low dose of nicotine in early adolescence increases subsequent cocaine self‐administration. The purpose of this study was to examine the behavioral effects and age‐related neurochemical changes that occur after exposure to nicotine. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats aged P28 or P86, were given one or four daily i.v. injections of saline or nicotine (2 x 0.03 mg/kg/0.1 ml spaced 1 min apart). Immediately after the last injection, locomotor behavior was monitored for 30 minutes and brains were collected for anatomical analysis. Acute nicotine treatment produced increased locomotor activation in adolescents, which persists through the subchronic treatment. Adults show a decrease in activity after one injection of nicotine, whereas repeat nicotine treatment has no effect. Preliminary analysis of nicotine‐induced IEG expression has shown selective nicotine activation of limbic forebrain in adolescents. In vivo microdialysis studies are currently being conducted to further elucidate changes after nicotine exposure. These findings provide evidence that nicotine administration during adolescence causes unique neural adaptations not seen following treatment of adults.


DJO is a leading global developer, manufacturer, and distributor of high-quality medical devices and services that provide solutions for pain management, musculoskeletal health, and vascular health. Our products address the continuum of patient care, from injury prevention to rehabilitation after surgery, injury, or from degenerative disease, enabling people to regain or maintain their natural motion. Our Empi product line includes electrical stimulation and other orthopedic products used for pain management, orthopedic rehabilitation, and physical therapy.


20 duck pathogenic Escherichia coli from 30 clinical samples of a duck farm in Hubei province were isolated and confirmed by microscopic morphology and biochemical assay.Subsequently,they were used to infect healthy Kunmin mice and Cherry valley ducks experimentally with 3.0×108 CFU/mL.Typical clinical manifestations were observed after eight hours and twelve hours in the infected mice and ducks,respectively.And after twelve hours and eighteen hours respectively,the mice and ducks got to die.But there was no any symptom in the control group.Drug sensitivity test indicated that some strains isolated were highly resistant to certain antibiotics.The histopathology tests of experimentally infected ducks showed that livers and hearts had lots of fibrinousexudate,and became denaturation and necrosis.


Mediaeval Spanish texts display a range of constructions which are formed by a present, past or future tense of the verb haber and the past participle of a transitive verb. In these constructions the direct object may precede or follow the participle; the participle sometimes agrees with the object, sometimes not: las batallas (que) ha vencidas/vencido, ha vencidas/vencido las batallas. During the thirteenth century an alternative type—tener +past participle—begins to appear with increasing frequency; it regularly indicates a state and, where tener is used, it is standard practice for past participle and direct object to agree: la tienen cercada, los tenie atributados. It is generally accepted that agreement is particularly favoured in the north-eastern dialects of the peninsula, but to the best of my knowledge no systematic attempt has been made to account for the syntactical, historical or geographical factors which affect past participle agreement in Old Spanish.


This invention relates to a double power auto switch driving mechanism, which comprises motor, base plate, cam disc, two slide blocks, drive shaft and two micro switches, wherein the each slide block is set with close and separate brake drive action plane, limit action plane and a groove with H distance. The said cam disc is set with two drive rollers and two limit rollers and the drive slide block moves linear reverse to realize the on or off operations of the breaker. Each limit roller is cooperated with the relative slide block to limit the move of the slide block to make only one breaker in on position.


In the face of bureaucratic change and low staff morale, what can medical institutions learn from the commercial sector? Using their experience in working closely with both medical and commercial organisations, the authors consider the role of values and what leaders in the medical world need to do to put values into practice


The present invention is an epoxy resin; Flame retardant additive that does not contain an essentially phenol group and an epoxy; And to a curable composition which is made from a thermoplastic resin. The preferred epoxy resin is a mixture of an epoxy resin having a number of glycidyl ether epoxy resin and greater than 2 per one molecule having a glycidyl ether of less than 2 per molecule. A preferred flame retardant additive is between brominated heterocyclic compound, preferably a triazine. A preferred thermoplastic resin is a poly (phenylene ether). The curable composition of the invention may be combined with excellent electrical properties, reinforcing material in the manufacture of circuit boards having good solvent resistance and good thermal expansion characteristics to advantage.


Paper presented at the International Symposium on Management of Coastal Ecosystem: Technological Advancement and Livelihood Security. Science City, Kolkata, India, 27-30 October, 2007


The uniformity of SiO2 films thermally grown on 4H-SiC was characterized by atomic force microscopic observation of the SiO2 surface after each step-etching with HF solution. It was found that roughness of the emerged SiO2 surface drastically increases near the SiO2/SiC interface, which indicates that the film quality near the interface is not two-dimensionally uniform. The film density profile led to the model that the non-uniformity was generated by segregation of C impurities followed by CO adsorption, and the film uniformity was gradually improved during the subsequent oxidation by shrinkage of open spaces.


This article examines trade union responses to migration in the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. We explore how national regulatory structures and industrial relations traditions shape these responses, reflected in different ways of working with the state, employers, union members and the migrant worker community. We identify three main logics that inform trade union action: class, race/ethnicity and social rights; these are used implicitly or explicitly in building representative action. Our analysis shows how trade unions in each country tend to give priority to certain specific logics rather than others. Our findings also show how, in each country, trade union renewal in relation to migration implies engaging with new logics of actions which have not been part of the historical trade union approach. Hence the question of migration brings specific challenges for union identity and strategy. We argue for an approach that goes beyond assumptions of path dependency, and stress the complexity of representation and the challenge of balancing different interests and strategies in the process of social inclusion.


The utility model relates to a plane compact low-voltage mercury-vapor discharge lamp, comprising a discharge chamber which is formed by the solder sealing of glass materials in an airtight mode. The plane compact low-voltage mercury-vapor discharge lamp is characterized in that the discharge chamber is provided with a light emitting plate and a light reflecting plate; the periphery of the discharge chamber is provided with lateral plates, and the interior of the discharge chamber is provided with one to nine spoilers; the lateral plates and the spoilers can be also die-cast into a whole with the light emitting plate. Compared with a plane fluorescent lamp which is formed by the bending of a slim circular lamp tube developed at present, the utility model has the advantages of compact structure, maximum luminous flux in a unit area, small tube wall load, small loss, high luminous efficiency, and strong plane impression. If the plane compact low-voltage mercury-vapor discharge lamp is manufactured into a coffered light panel and a wall lamp, the brightness of the plane compact low-voltage mercury-vapor discharge lamp is sufficient. The utility model has beautiful decorative effect.


We experienced 14 patients with breast cancer who had pleural effusion as a direct consequence of metastatic disease. The mean age of the patients was 47.3 years with a range of 36 to 68 years. The majority of the patients were in advanced stages (stage I:1, stage II:2, stage III:4, stage IV:7). Survival time after developement of the effusion was less than 1 year in 8 of the cases. However, there were 5 patients who survived more than 1 year. Interestingly, in 4 of these 5, estrogen receptor was positive and intrathoracic injection therapy was effective. Also, we had 2 long survivors of more than 1 year among the 4 patients who had pleuritis preoperatively. Even the stage IV breast cancer patient with preoperative pleural effusion may have a possivility of long survival if treated aggresively with a combination of radical mastectomy, adjuvant chemo-endocrine therapy and appropriate intrathoracic injection therapy.


In November 1994, the Scottish Office commissioned a short study of occupational therapy in Scotland. It aimed to examine the structure, scale and outputs of the service and the role of occupational therapy in the context of community care. A variety of methods was employed. The total number of posts for occupational therapists has increased recently but a critical shortage of support posts remains. Staff recruitment and retention are not problematic, In contrast to the situation south of the border. Occupational therapists still spend most of their time on equipment and adaptations. Authorities have been developing a range of strategies for tackling this problem, but more are needed. The Involvement of occupational therapists in care management is at an early stage. Practitioners are working with a more diverse range of clients than before, and some have greater opportunities to utilise their wider skills. Most have compjex extended networks for collaboration, although links with home care and health colleagues are often underdeveloped. Hospital discharge is a problematic area. The findings Indicate the need for occupational therapists to become better Integrated within community care teams, for more authorities to consider developing a unitary workforce straddling social services and health agencies, and for the deployment of occupational therapists to a wider and more Imaginative range of settings.


Since the introduction of hormonal contraception many studies have been published on the role of oral contraceptives (OCs) in causing liver neoplasms. The tumor registers established in the US, England, and France allow researchers to study the incidence of such tumors, and to better evaluate the population at risk. The most frequent types of benign hepatic tumors are adenomas, hepatocellular adenoma or biliary duct adenoma, and focal nodular hyperplasia. Although morphologically very different, such tumors have been called with a varied and confusing terminology. Liver tumors are usually discovered by chance during laparotomy, and are more numerous in women aged 20-40. Radiography, scintigram and echography and very helpful in diagnosis, but arteriography is still the best diagnostic tool. Therapy consists of simple resection or of lobectomy, when possible. Many authors, however, insist on their sponteneous regression after OC termination, if OCs are the cause. According to the most recent studies OC-caused liver tumors happen more often in patients who have taken mestranol for over 4 years; liver tumors are also more common in multiparous women and may grow very quickly during pregnancy. In recent years the association between liver tumors, benign or malignant, and treatment with androgens has often been documented. This document presents the case of a 26 year old patient hospitalized for pain and for the presence of a large abdominal mass. The patient suffered severe dysmenorrhea and serious menstruation disorders. The patient had never taken OCs but had been treated for a long time with aspirin for headache and with diazepam for a nervous breakdown during adolescence, and more recently during pregnancy. The patient underwent surgery, and a large focal nodular hyperplastic tumor was excised.


In this paper I examine the relationship between ethics and strategic management. More exactly, I look at how people in the strategy process see themselves as subjects in relation to their sense of...


Introduced the theory of high pressure sizing.By comparing high pressure sizing with normal pressure sizing in 13 tex T80/C20 warp,drawing a conclusion that high\|pressure sizing is prior to the others outstandingly.


This paper is an update of bankruptcy trends in Australia. The paper updates the work of Ramsay and Sim (2009) using data from the Annual Reports of the Inspector General in Bankruptcy for Australia and comments upon changes in the characteristics of Australian personal insolvents with commentary on emerging trends where applicable.


Advertisements are often inserted in multimedia content, and this is particularly relevant in TV broadcasting as they have a key financial role. In this context, the flexible and efficient processing of TV content to identify advertisement segments is highly desirable as it can benefit different actors, including the broadcaster, the contracting company, and the end user. In this context, detecting the presence of the channel logo has been seen in the state-of-the-art as a good indicator. However, the difficulty of this challenging process increases as less prior data is available to help reduce uncertainty. As a result, the literature proposals that achieve the best results typically rely on prior knowledge or pre-existent databases. This paper proposes a flexible method for processing TV broadcasting content aiming at detecting channel logos, and consequently advertising segments, without using prior data about the channel or content. The final goal is to enable stream segmentation identifying advertisement slices. The proposed method was assessed over available state-of-the-art datasets as well as additional and more challenging stream captures. Results show that the proposed method surpasses the state-of-the-art.


| The carvacrol compound is an antioxidant nutrient, used to enhance growth and productive performance via modification and activation of gastrointestinal tract structure and function and to inhibit/prevent cancer initiations. Numerous studies performed on animal diets supplemented with phytogenic supplements/feed additives containing natural antioxidants such as carvacrol demonstrated its capability to improve performance indices, feed utilization, immune functions and health of livestock as well as reducing the risks of different animal diseases like cancer and other diseases. Such properties could be due to its ability as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, immunomodulatory, anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents by preventing free radicals and hazardous compounds from interacting with cellular DNA and its ability to change the gut microflora, improving digestion coefficient and absorption of nutrient compounds. The present review illustrates the chemical and physical proprieties, modes of action, metabolism and excretion, biological properties, natural sources and beneficial aspects of carvacrol in animal and poultry production and health.


No reference has ever been made, as far as we know, to the fact that CAUCHY and BOLZANO, both creators of modern exact criticism in mathematics, lived near each other for some years, from I833 to I835. At that time the banished king of France, CHARLES X, had appointed the catholic and royalist CAUCHY tutor in mathematics to the young duke of Bordeaux (later HENRY OF CHAMBORD). CHARLES had his splendid residence in the royal castle of Hradchin above the old capital of Bohemia, Prague. BOLZANO, the catholic preacher and professor of theology at the University of Prague lived at that time also in or near Prague, in Techobuz. It is of interest to inquire whether these men of science were known to each other, and exchanged ideas. In consequence of the following facts however, it seems rather improbable that there existed any such personal acquaintance. CAUCHY, whose life is described by VALSON (i), and about whose Prague period interesting and amusing details are mentioned by the General


Congestion in networks occurs due to varied traffic characteristics. There are several congestion control techniques based on buffer avallibllity, burstiness of traffic, round trip delay, timeout of packet, and flow control. The backpressure is a flow control scheme In which the heavily loaded node builds pressure on the downstream node in the virtual circuit (connection oriented network). The pressure ultimately reaches the source and the source throttles its rate of transmission. The throughput of network using this scheme and also the pressure at nodes are not satisfactory. This Is due to static allocation of buffers at the intermediate nodes during virtual circuit setup. The paper presents a modified backpressure scheme incorporating dynamic buffer allocation at Intermediate nodes and Input buffer limit at the source node In a virtual circuit. In this scheme buffers are allocated dynamically based on the Incoming traffic at the Intermediate nodes. Input buffer limit scheme controls the local packets e...


The paper based on the researches carried out during 2005 – 2008 in the long term trial placed in 1990 on the preluvosoil from Oradea. The monoculture of maize, maize – wheat and maize – soybean – wheat crop rotations were studied in unirrigated and irrigated conditions. The crop rotatin of six years (oat + clover – clover – maize – wheat – maize - sunflower) was studied in unirrigated conditions. The researches emphasized that the monoculture is the most responsible for the pest multiplication.
In maize monoculture the larvae number on the roots was ranged between 4.91-8.23 and root attack degree in IOWA scale (with marks from 1 to 6 in which maximum attack is 6), had values between 3.84 and 5.62 and the frequent of attacked plants with the symptom "goose neck" ranged between 16,4% and 31.2% and larval aggressiveness being higher in the case of favorable soil moisture in irrigated condition. The maize rotation with other plants interrupts the biologic pest cycle.
The results obtained emphasize that later maize sowing alongside by the utilizing of lower plant thickness level contribute to prevention of pest multiplication, while earlier sowing at high thickness favor the larvae developing.